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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


A 


^  .5^^ 


1.0 


I.I 


11.25 


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■IS 


1^  1^ 

2.0 


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1.4    11.6 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


i3  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  •72-4503 


<. 

.^^^^- 


>^  4^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproduction.  historiques 


\ 


\ 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilmd  le  meilluur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m6thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


n 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


D 


Couverture  endommagde 


Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 


D 
D 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pelliculdes 


I      I    Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


1/ 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolordes,  tachetdes  ou  piqu6es 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


D 


Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d^tachdes 


D 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


v/ 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


D 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  indgale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  Mure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int6rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 


I      I    Only  edition  available/ 


Q 


Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  imaqe/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6td  filmies  i  nouveau  de  fapon  d 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


V 


Additional  comments:/  Various  paging. 

Commentaires  suppldmentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


y 


12X 


16X 


20X 


: 


24X 


28X 


32X 


aire 

t  details 
|ues  du 
t  modifier 
iger  une 
)  filmage 


/ 
jdes 


ire 


>y  errata 
ed  to 

int 

ne  pelure, 

igon  d 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  v'*h  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres 
sion,  and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1  2  3 


L'exemplaire  film6  fut  reproduit  gr§ce  d  !a 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6td  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenqant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symi.ioles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  ^^-signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN  ". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clichd,  il  est  film6  i  partir 
de  Tangle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite . 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

a 


a.. 


a_. 


?q 


\ 


?. 


JO 


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a.; 


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o 


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*•«•(    '■»<:.  fv 


JO 


THE 


BOOH  OF  THE  INDIANS; 


OR, 


BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY 


OF    THE 


INDIANS    OF    NORTH    AMERICA, 


FROM    ITS    FIRST    DISCOVERY 
TO    THE    YEAR     1841. 


History  maketh  a  youn?  man  to  bo  old,  without  cither  wiinlcica  orgrayhalra;  privillcdging  hiin 
with  the  expcrieni     of  age,  without  either  the  infirinitiea  or  .'nconvenicnciea   thereof. 

Fuller's  Holy  War. 

They  waste  ua  ;   ay,  like  April  anow 

In  the  warm  noon,  wc  shrink  away ; 
And  fust  they  follow  as  we  go 

Towarda  the  setting  day. 
Till  they  shall  (ill  the  land,  and  we 
Are  driven  into  the  western  sea.  —  Brtart. 


BY    SAMUEL    G.    DRAKE, 

FELLOW   OF  THI    ROTAL  SOCIETT    OF    NORTHERN   ANTiqUARIEl,   AT  COPENHAGEN,   HONORART 
UEMBER  OP   THE   NEW    HaUFSHIRE    AND    NEW    TORK   HISTORICAL  SOCIBTiaa. 


EIGHTH    EDITION, 
With  large  Additions  and  Corrections* 


BOSTON: 
ANTIQUARIAN    BOOKSTORE,   56   CORNHILL. 


M.DCCC.XLI. 


j0mmtmmm 


r  7-7 

Of 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  CongresB,  in  tlie  year  1841, 

By  The  Author, 

In  the  Clerk  s  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Maasachusttts. 


PREFACE. 


The  study  of  Amprionn  History  in  f^ciu'ral,  and  of  Indian  History  in  particular,  lias  lone 
been  the  favoriu;  I'lnpioynicnt  of  man)  ol  my  hours  ;  I  ciiiiiiol  say  "  Icisiiro  lioiirs,"  lor  suili 
are  unknown  to  uiu  ;  but  linio  aniiiKl  a  variety  of  cari's  and  liusmcss,  and  ln-liirc  and  altiT 
"  husim.'ss  hours."'  My  llrst  oulilication  upon  the  sulijcct  of  llif  ln('ians  was  an  edition  of 
Church's  History  of  Philip's  War,  a  dnodt'cimo,  with  notes  and  an  appendix.  'I'Ins  was  in 
the  suuuner  of  l>i-lo ;  and,  in  \'o~l,  it  was  considerably  enlarged,  and  issued  in  a  second 
edition,  the  copyrii^hl  of  which,  not  long  alter,  passed  out  of  my  hands,  and  the  mnulier  of 
editions  .since  issued  is  unknown  to  nie ;  but,  about  two  years  sim.o,  one  of  the  proprietors 
told  me  they  amounted  to  some  thirty  or  forty  ;  yet  •'  second  edition"  is  continued  ni  the  title- 
page  to  this  day.  In  this  republication  I  intimated  my  design  of  a  work  upon  I.n'dian  Ki- 
OGKAl'H'.'  and  in  lii.32,  a  small  duodecimo  of  MH  pages,  bearing  that  title,  was  publislaKJ, 
In  that  edition, the  chielk  and  others  noti('e<l  were  arranged  alphabetically.  In  \V,Xi,  a  srciind 
edition  was  issued,  with  Tiik  Hook  ok  VUV  1ni)I.\ns  s^jteradtled  to  the  title.  The  volume 
now  contained  llireo  times  as  much  as  before,  and  yet  .ny  materials  were  scarcely  he.lf  e.\- 
hanstful.  It  was  in  octavo,  and  under  an  entirely  now  arrangenx'nt,  namely,  in  books  and 
chapters;  each  book  being  pa^od  by  itself,  for  the  purpose  of  adding  new  matter  at  some 
future  time.  This  arrangement  was  continued  through  all  the  editions  to  the  (iresent.  A 
third  edition,''  also  coni-nlerably  enlarged,  was  publi-'  'd  in  IMV,  which  e.xtended  to  5lf' 
pages,  108  more  than  the  second.  The  same  year  pri  'd  a/oitrth,  with  a  few  corrections, 
but  without  altering  \.\\e  nitmlur  of  lite,  edition  in  the  I'agc.     A  yZ/f/i,  which  stands  num- 

bered as  the  fourth,  ap|)eared  in  l!iiJ5,  with  the  ad<l  ii'  .  of  a  catalogue  of  all  the  principal 
Indian  tribes,  a/rangcd  alphabetically.  This  was  tlrawn,  at  great  expense  of  lime,  from  uii 
incredible  number  of  sources.  The  second  edition  had  been  stereotyped,  to  the  original  cost 
of  which  great  expense;  had  been  added  in  corrections  and  additions',  considerably  exceeding 
the  profits  which  liad  accrued,  and  I  was  now  beginning  to  console  myself  that  very  little,  if 
niiy  llii.  'i;,  more  would  be  required  by  way  of  additions  or  corrections,  and  that  I  should 
soon  begni  to  derive  some  small  advantage  from  it,  as  it  iiad  be'!  i  tolerably  well  re- 
ceived;  but  I  found  I  had  "  reckoned  without  my  host;"  for,  on  the  .fight  of  the  uJOth  of 
September,  1835,  the  whole  wa^  "onsumeil  by  fire.  Tliis  was  (piile  dijcouraging.  However, 
1  soon  determined  to  stereotyjie  it  anew.  Thus  takiiif'  advantage  ^i  what  I  liau  considered  a 
great  misfortune,  I  began  to  revise  the  whole  througlio  ;t.  Pnas  were  rewritten,  and  addi- 
tioiis  made  in  almost  every  page,  and  the  page  itself  was  enlarged,  although  one  of  the  pages 
of  the  former  editions  contained  as  much  reading  as  two  octavo  pages  in  the  common  typo. 
Besides  this  enlargement  of  the  jiages,  their  number  was  cxtendecr  to  am:  hmtdrcd.  Sucli 
were  the  preparations  for  the  sixlli  (though  printed  as  the  fifth)  edition,  an  impression  of 
which  was  issued  in  1831).  The  next  year  produced  a  serentli.  This  was  the  same  as  the 
preceding,  excepting  a  few  important  corrections.  I  come  now  to  the  eighth  and  jiresent 
edition,  which  has  received  very  important  enlargements  in  the  three  last  books,  amounting  to 
more  than  one  hundred  pages:  and  it  maj' be  proper  to  note,  that  ail  after  |)agcs  143  of 
Book  HI.,  96  of  Book  IV.,  1G8  of  Book  V.,  are  additiims  to  what  has  been  before  published. 
And  the  catalogue  ')f  the  tiubks  has  been  enlarged  to  more  than  twice  its  original  amount. 
It  is  now  submitted  with  all  its  imperfections;  and,  although  1  hope  to  multiply  the  number 
of  editions,  I  iiave  no  intention  of  further  enlarging  the  worK. 

This  edition  has  been  delayed  many  montl'.'=  m  ci-nsequeiice  of  a  hope  I  had  entertained  of 
living  to  b(  assured  that  the  Florida  war  was  at  an  end.  That  time  may  now  be  considered 
to  have  arrived.  On  the  events  of  that  war,  as  will  be  seen,  I  have  been  full  and  particular; 
and,  if  events  of  importance  have  escaped  me,  it  was  not  because  I  had  not  usetl  great  ex- 
ertions to  possess  myself  of  them.  If,  however,  a  doubt  should  be  raised  upon  this  head,  I 
would  refer  the  skeptical  reader  to  a  document  published  b"  order  of  tlic  U.  S.  Senate  in 
1810,  purportiiiL-  to  be  a  report  of  the  secretary  of  war,  "  showing  the  massacres  committed 
and  the  property  destroyed  by  the  hostile  Indians  in  Florida"  since  1835,  where  a  comparison 
may  be  made  between  what  1  have  published,  and  the  amount  of  information  in  the  possession 
of  the  war  deparvment. 

The  history  of  the  wrongs  and  sufferings  of  the  Cherokees  has  been  an  important  addition 
to  this  edition;  r,nd,  whatever  judgments  may  be  pronounced  upon  it  by  the  present  genera- 
tion, I  shall  remain  silent,  under  the  consciousness  that  I  have  done  no  injustice  to  the  parties 
concerned.  I  have  been  an  observer  tlu.iugh  the  whole  course  of  it,  and  registered  events  as 
they  passed.  I  have  not  used  a  dirk  in  the  dark,  but  the  broadsword  in  open  day,  with  fair 
warning  to  the  adversary.    '•  Let  those  who  undertake  prcjiaro  to  undergo. 


*  As  the  word  rilltinn  in  lie  titlo-|ri!;e  of  ii  book  now-a-diiys  niny  moan  'iny  thin;;  or  nothing,  when 
a  nuinlier  stands  before  it,  I  rtill  just  observe  thiit  my  first  edition  ^onsistid  ol  1,500  copies,  the  second 
ofS.OUU,  the  third  of  5U0,  the  fourth,  tilth,  and  sixth  of  1,000  >;ach,  and  the  sevenih  of  500. 


Til 


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oft 

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In  the 
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Abkk 
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ACOM 

Adai; 
Adiri 


AN 

ALPHABETICAL    ENUMERATION 

OF 

THE    INDIAN    TRIJJES    AND    NATIONS. 


An  attempt  is  mudc,  in  th»!  f'ollowiii!^  Tulile,  to  lornte  tho  viiiioiis  Imnds 
ot  AI)<iri<,niaH,  ancient  and  modern,  and  to  convey  tli(>  best  inliirniatioii 
r(!^'|>»;ctinil;  tiieir  innnbiiH  onr  niuiti furious  Mounx-s  will  warrant.  Mod- 
ern writers  liave  been,  for  Heveral  years,  endeavorinif  to  divide  N(»rth 
Atnorica  into  certain  district.s,  eacb  of  vvbicli  Mlioidd  include  all  tlie  In- 
dians speaking  tbe  same,  <ir  cliaiectd  of  the  same,  langnaife  ;  but  vvlio(!ver 
iias  paid  any  attention  to  the  subject,  must  undoubtedly  have  l)een  con- 
vinced that  it  can  never  be  done  with  any  degree  of  accuracj.  Tiiis  has 
been  undertaken  in  reference  to  an  ap|»ro.\imation  of  the  great  (pu'stion 
of  the  origin  of  this  people,  from  a  comparison  of  the  various  languages 
used  among  tlnun.  An  unwritten  hmguage  is  easily  varied,  and  there 
can  be  no  barri(;r  to  innovation.  A  continual  intermixing  ol'  tribes  has 
gone  on  from  the  period  of  their  origin  to  the  present  time,  judging  lioni 
what  we  have  daily  seen ;  and  when  any  two  trii)es  unite,  speaking  dif- 
ferent languages,  or  dialccti  of  the  same,  a  new  diahict  is  produced  by 
8U(!h  amalgamation.  Hence  tlie  accunndation  of  vocabulari(!S  would  be 
like  the  pursuit  of  an  infinite  series  in  mathematics;  with  this  difference, 
however  —  in  the  one  we  recede  from  the  object  in  pursuit,  while  in  the 
other  we  approach  it.  But  I  would  not  be  understood  to  speak  disjiar- 
agingly  of  this  attempt  at  classification;  for,  if  it  be  unitn[»ortant  in  the 
main  design,  it  will  be  of  considerable  service  to  the  student  in  Indian 
history  on  other  accounts.  Thus,  the  lichees  are  said  to  speak  a  primitive 
language,  and  tiiey  were  districted  in  a  small  territory  south  of  the  Clmro- 
kees;  but,  some  200  years  ago,  —  if  they  then  existed  as  u  tribe,  and  their 
tradition  be  true,  —  they  were  bouiuled  on  tin;  north  by  one  of  the  great 
lakes.  And  they  are  said  to  be  descended  from  the  Shuwjuiees  by  some 
of  themselves.  We  know  an  important  conununity  of  them  is  still  in 
existence  in  Floridiu  Have  they  creuted  a  now  language  in  the  course 
of  their  waiuierings?  or  have  tiiose  from  whom  tiiey  separated  done  so? 
Such  are  the  difficulties  we  meet  with  at  every  stej)  of  a  classification. 
Kut  a  dissertation  upon  these  matters  cannot  now  be  attempted. 

In  the  following  analysis,  the  names  of  the  tribes  have  been  generally  given 
in  the  singular  number,  tor  the  sake  of  brevity;  and  the  word  Indians, 
after  such  names,  is  omitted  fi-om  tbe  same  cause.  Few  ablireviationa 
have  been  used :  —  W.  R.,  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains ;  m.,  miles ;  r., 
river  ;  I.,  lake  ;  and  pcrha|)s  a  few  others.  In  some  instances,  reference 
is  maile  to  the  body  of  tlie  work,  where  a  more  extended  account  of  a 
tribe  is  to  be  found.  Such  references  arc  to  the  Book  and  Page,  the  same 
as  in  the  Index. 

Abf.kas,  probably  Muskngpes,  under  tlio  Frencli  at  Tombpckbec  in  17r)0. 
Abenakiks,  over  Maine  till  1754,  then  wont  to  Canada;  *i()()  in  ](iS!):   150  in  l?oO. 
Absouoka,  (Minetare,)  S.  branch  Yellowstone;  lat.  4()°,  Ion.  105°;  45,000  in  1834. 
AccoKKSAw,  W.  side  Colorado,  about  200  m.  S.  W.  Nacogdoches. 
AcoMAK,  one  of  the  six  tribes  in  Virginia  when  settled  by  the  Knirlisli  in  1C07. 
Adai/.e,  4  m.  from  Nachitoches,  on  Lake  Macdon  ;  40  men  in  1H05. 
Adirondaks,  (Algonkin,)  along  the  N.  shore  St.  Lawrence;  100  in  178C. 


vi 


INDIAN   TUinKS  AND  NATIONS. 


A>'rAnoti|.A,  Hinnll  rinn  in  IT-^H,  on  MinHiH(ii|i|ii  r.,  H  m.  nbovi'  I'oinl  ri)ii|W;. 

AfiAMoM,  ( Wiim|mtiimijM,)  at  S,iii(l\vi''li,  Mush.;  oIIutm  iiI  l|)!<wirli.     ii.  ■!(). 

Aii\vui\»  A»,  (MiiK'tiiri'.)  H.  W.  MisNoiin  l^'-iii,  :i  m.  nlinv)-  MiiiiiIiiiih;  tiOO  in  I80Q. 

Ajiii  K.s,  S.  of  till'  iMisMiiiiri.  iiikI  N.  nl'  llic  I'ihIhihmm  ;    1,11)11  in  I7(i*). 

Ai.\>^Ait,  (K.ill.)  Iiiiid  Itraiii'liiH  S   fork  Siinkucliiiwan  ;  ',',.>ilt)  m  I-^IM. 

Ai.dDMKi.N.  Kvcr  ("iiiiadii;  tVcmi  low  down  llii'  St.  Law  rrniT  In  LaUi'  ot'llic  Woodi. 

Ai.iATAN,  llirci'  trihi'H  ill  l-()"i  iiiiinn;!  till'  llorkv  Mnniilaiim,  nn  IhmiIs  i'lattf. 

Al  KiiK,  iii'ar  N'aciiirduclirK  ill  |.-<(l.'i,  tlii'ii  iitarlv  cxliiii'l  ;  Hpidic  Caddo. 

Ai  I  AK  AW  K.  All,  (I'll  II  III' li.)  Ill  till  Nidi'H  \  I'lliiwNldiii',  liiadx  lliir  llnrii  [.;  'J,UUO  in  iti05. 

Ai  I  iiiAMA,  tiiriiirrly  mi  that  r.,  Iiiit  ri'iiinvrd  ti>  Krd  Uivrr  in  l7()-i. 

Am  »i,i><rK'<,  ( /Mifiinkiiis,)  unci'  mi  St.  Ijiiwrcnri' ;  ."lOO  in  {'(ill. 

An  vsAiiiM  \Ki)iih,  (Alii'iiaki.)  on  soiiri'i's  .NndrosiMiMfjrm,  in  Maiiu'.     iii.  I'M],  ITiQ. 

A.Nii\xi'K..'<,  mil II  S.mIidi'c  l.aki'  Kru',  S.  W.  Si'iircas,  wlio  di'»lroy<'d  iIiimii  hi  if!7U. 

Ai'Ai  MKs,  { l,ii|>aiit',)  lirl  wii'ii  Ilio  di'l  Norti'  and  Hoiirci's  ol'  Niinc'H  r.  ;  It,.')!!!!  in  lf?17. 
Ai'Ai  A(  iiK  III  \,  oner  on  that  r.  in  W.  Klnrida  ;   rmiiovi'd  to  U<'<l  IliviT  in  l7tJ'l. 
Api'ai.oi  SA,  alioritrinal  in  the  country  of  their  •laiiic;  lint   ll!  incn  in  |H()'i. 
A<i<'ANrs<  iiioM,  liic  iiiiini'  liy  which  the  iro(|iioiM  knew  Iht'iiist'lvcM.     v.  !I,  &C. 
Au\iMiiAS,  S.  Hide  main  ('.iiiaila  llivcr;  ■l,i»M  in  |.'';t(i,  mi  Kan/an  IliviT. 
AiiMoii('iiii{r(iis,  nr  M  utM  III  IK,  (Alicnaki,)  on  Kivcr  St    .loiiiis.  New  Hniniiwick. 
AiiKKNAMiMK,  mi  St.  .\iilmiio  llivcr,  near  itH  iiionth,  in  Texas ;    l*.il)  in  iHlrt. 
Ah.simnahiiin,  (Simix.)  Iietw.  AH.sinn.  and  MiHHonri  r. ;   l,(M!l!  on  Ottawa  r.  in  ld3(j. 
Atk.nas,  ill  a  villajje  with  the  ['"acnjli  in  |ri;t(i.  west  of  the  Rocky  MminUiiiid. 
Atiiai'asi  ow.  about  tiie  nliores  of  the  jrreat  lake  ot'  thuir  iminc. 
At.na.s,  next  S.  ol"  the  Alha|)a.scow,  ahmit  lat.  r)7°  N. 

Ai'TA)  Ai'A.><,  in  a  district  ol'  their  iiaiiie  in  lioniMiana  ;   hut  ."»()  men  in  IHO.'). 
Ari'Ai'fl.ii  AS,  (Semiiioles,)  on  Little  r.,  a  liraiicii  ol'<  Hi.kllkana,  lr-"i(!,  and  'J*-20  Houls. 
Al'TIKAMKil  K,-*,  in  N.  ot"  Canada,  destroyed  hy  pestilence  in   l()7(l. 
Aneosisi-o,  (Ahenalu,)  li  'tween  the  Saco  and  Androscoirjrin  Kivcr.     ii.  'IH  ;  iii.  t)3. 
Ai'iiiii(i<A(.  \,  on  v..  hrnncli  Siis(|iiehaiinali  llivcr;    I.")!!  in  l^tiH;  since  extinct. 
AvAl'Ais,  ■10  Icairiies  11(1  t  le   I  )es  Moines,  S.  H.  side  ;   HIMt  in   |H(I,'). 
Ayutans,  t«,()00  in  1H:*0,  S.  W.  the  Missouri,  near  the  Rocky  MountuinH. 

UAVAoni'iA,  W.  hank  Mississi|>|»i,  opjiosilo  the  Colipasa;  iiniiortnnt  in  Ki!'!). 
JJk.iiiks,  on  Trinity  River,  ],a.,  ahmit  {'.')  in.  S.  of  Nacoirdoches ;   101)  in  liO.'}. 
BiCi-nKvii.s.  (Ynnktons,)  •2,'>m)  in  lH:i(i;  about  the  heads  of  Red  River. 
Bii.oxi,  at  JJiloxi,  (iiilf  Mex.,  I(>',t!l;  a  few  on  Red  r.,  I'^lll,  where  they  had  reinoved. 
Bl.ACKiKi;  r,  sources  Missouri  ;  ltO,()0()  in  IrilM  ;  nearly  destroyed  by  small-pox,  1H38. 
Bi.AN(  iiK,  (Hearded,  or  White,)  upper  S.  branches  of  the  Missouri. 
Bi.nr.-Mi'K,  W.,  and  in  the  vicinity,  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Bnonir.iiroN,  near  Oneida  Lake;  composed  of  various  tribes;  350  in  1836. 

Cadoo,  on  Red  River  in  1717,  powerful;  on  Sodo  Bay  in  1800;  in  1804,  100  men. 
Caiiodaciii'.  (Nacojrdochet.)  on  An<relina  r.,  100  in.  above  the  Neche'f ;  GO  in  18^0. 
Caiwas,  or  Kaiw  A,  on  main  ('anada  River,  and  S.  of  it  in  |s;iO. 
Cai,a.stiio(I.i;,  N.  Columbia,  on  the  Pacific,  next  N.  the  Chillates;  QOO  in  1820. 
Cai.i.imix,  coast  of  the  Pacific,  40  ui.  N.  Columbia  River;   I  .'iOO  in  1820. 
Camanimks,  (Slioslione,)  warlike  and  numerous;  in  interior  of  Texas. 
Canakskk.  on  Loni;-  Island,  N.  Y.,  in  KilO,  from  the  W.  end  to  Jamaica. 
Cancks,  (Kansas,)  IHO.I,  from  Bay  of  St.  Bernard,  over  (Irand  r.,  toward  Vera  Cruz. 
Canihas.  (.\beiiaki,)  numerous  in  1()07,  and  afler;  on  both  sides  Kennebeck  River. 
Cara.nkoca.  on  peninsula  of  Ray  of  St.  Bernard,  Louisiana;  1  ..'lOO  in  1805. 
Carkk,  on  th(>  coast  between  the  Nuaces  and  Rio  del  Norte;  2.()(I0  in  1817. 
Caruikus,  (Nateotetains,)  a  name  given  the  natives  of  N.  Caledonia  by  traders. 
Cast  All  \NA,  between  sources  Padouca  fork  and  Yellowstone;  5,000  in  1805. 
Cataka,  between  N.  and  S.  forks  of  Chien  River;  obont  3,000  in  1804. 
Catawba,  till  late,  on  their  river  in  S.  Carolina;  1,500  in  1743,  and  4.50  in  17(14. 
Catiii.aci'miji'h,  on  main  shore  Columbia  River,  S.  W.  VVajipaloo  i. ;  450  in  1820. 
Catiii.akahikit,  at  the  rapids  of  the  Columbia,  KiO  in.  uj) ;  HOO  in  1820. 
Catiilakamai's,  80  in.  up  Colninbia  River  ;  about  700  in  1H20. 
Catiii.amat,  on  the  Pacific,  30  m.  S.  mouth  of  Columbia  River;  GOO  in  1820. 
Catiii.anamk.namkn,  on  an  island  in  mouth  of  Wallaumut  River;  400  in  1820. 
CATHi.ANACiiiiAii,  (Wappaton,)  S,  W.  side  Wappatoo  Island;  400  in  1820. 
CATiir.Ai'ooTi.E,  on  Columbia  River,  opposite  tiie  Cathlakamaps ;  1,100  in  1820. 
Cathi.apoova,  .500  in  1820,  on  the  Wallaumut  River,  GO  in.  from  its  mouth. 
Cathi.asko,  000  in  1820,  on  Columbia  River,  opposite  the  Chippanchikchiks. 
Catiii.athi.a,  !)00  in  1820,  on  Columbia  River,  opposite  the  Cathlakaliikits. 
Cathi.ath,  .500  in  1820,  on  the  V/allauinut  River,  (iO  ni.  fn.m  its  mouth, 
Cattanahaw,  between  the  Saskashawan  and  Missouri  Rivers,  in  1805. 


t 


INDIAN   TmiU'.S   AND   NATIONS. 


vU 


^04,  100  men. 
2 ;  GO  in  i8ao. 


CAUoiiNr.WAo\,  pliircH  wlicrc  (MiriHtiuns  liviil  were  ho  (uillitl.     v.  Il'». 

di;ti  TOO,  on  Kt'il  Hivrr;  in  I-*!),'),  Iiiit  KM);   iiiiliiritiiiUM  of  tliiit  |iluui',  it  in  Mitid. 

L'ii*ouANor<x,  tlif  Krcru'li  so  culled  tlu'  Hliiiwiiiii'-d- ;   (('Iiowiiuh?) 

Chkkiikk,  (('liiTokrcH,)  .'(0  to  HO  HI.  H,  of  tlnMii ;  ciillMd  aUo  Mid.  Hcllli'inrnt,  ITrtO. 

Ciit.iiwvK,  Hiiiiiil  trilic  on  Flint  Kivit,  dcHtroyi'd  liy  (i<'ori(iii  iiiilitiii  in  |h|7, 

CiiM'KvvN,<liUMi  from  Int.  i>n°  to  (m",  Ion.  KHI-^  to  11(1°  W.  ;  7,.'>(ll»  i.i  IHI'J. 

CiiKKoKKh.,  ill  (It'ori^iii,  H.  C'jiroliim,  iVc,  till  l~;M>;  tlu'ii  forced  beyond  tlu;  MiM.^is8. 

ClIKSKI  r\l  ow  A,  (SeiliinolcH,)  .">-■'()  in  I-*,'!!,  W.  nide  IJJinttilllooeliee. 

CiliK>.  (I)o:,'.)  neiir  tlie  sources  Clueii  lliver  ;  :t(l(»  in  l.Hll.');  'JOO  iii  |vji). 

CiiiiiK.Ki.i  KHii,  .((I  in.  .N.  of  Coliiiiilmi  IIivit;    I,IIM>  in  l^-jd. 

C'liiKVVw,  between  heads  ol' Mobile  River  in  I7"'l);  once  10,0(111;  now  in  ArkiinHns. 

Ciiif 


iii\(  iiiKH,  (ii)  in  j^'.M,  N.  side  ( 'oliiinliiii  Uiver.  'J'JO  in.  from  ils  iiioiitli. 


CiiiK  viioMivi,  on  .M.ita|>oiiy  Uiver,  Vii.,  in  hilil  ;  lint  ^i  or  I  in  I7'.i(l;  now  extinct. 
CiiiK  \M  \i  oAs,  on  'reiin''ssee  Uiver,  ".M(  in,  below  (lie  Clierokees,  in  IT'.MI. 
Clliil.  vrKs,  l.'id  in  M'iO,  on  the  I'iicilic,  N.  Cidiinibia  lliver,  beyond  the  (iiiieetuos. 
('iiii.i.i)KH'ri.<ti  \i;,  on  llie  ( 'oluiuiiiii,  invvl  below  the  Niirrow;*;    1,100  in  Ii'.i0, 
Ciiii.r/,  N.  of  Oohiinbiii  Kiver,  on  the  I'licific,  iie.xt  N.  (d'  the  Killa.xthoeleM. 
CiiiMN  viiri  M,  on  Lewi 


Cni> 


IS  lliver,  N.  \V.  side  of  the  Colniiilim  ;    l.-^OOin  lr*'20. 
on  N.  side  (/'oliiinbia  lliver;   in  l-^'iO,  about  100  in  "JH  lodiri'H. 


C Mil' I' K WAS,  about  l,;ike  Sii|)erior,  and  other  vast  reirimis  of  the  N.,  very  numerous. 
CnirniicHA,  on  \V.  bank  Mi:tn.  lliver  in  17'J'i;  once  |»owerfiil,  then  slaves. 


Chokiaw,  H.  of  the  Creeks;    |.'),00i)  in  |-^l'.i;  now  i"  ArkansaH. 


IV.  •^l. 


Ciioi'iNNisii,  on  Kooskoi 


River;    l.ltOO  in  l-tOil,  in  7H  lodires. 


CiiowANoK,  (Slidwanese  .-)  in  N.  ("arolina.on  lleiiiiel's  C'reidt,  in  I7(IH;  ll.OOOin  IGIW. 
Cmowa.n.s,  K.  of  the  TiiMcaroras  in  N.  Carolina;  (iO  join  the  'I'uscaroras  in  I7:i0. 
CiiKi»rK..NAii\,  only  anotlu'r  wi>e||iii;.'  of  Knisitn  \r\,  which  see 


Ci. 


AIICI.Kr.l.AII 


7(tl) 


M'JO,  on  the  Columbia  Rivi 


ludow  the  rajiiils. 


Ci.AKsrAU,  VV.  II.,  on  a  river  ll  iwiii;j-  into  the  Columbia  at  \Va|i|iatoo  l.daiid, 
Ci.AMocroMlcii,  on  tin-  I'acilic,  iie.vt  N.  of  the  Cliiltz  ;  Vi(iO  in  IS-JO. 
Ci,ANiM\.  \s,  on  the  S.  W.  side  of  \Va|)|)atoo  Islind  ;  ^0(1  in  Is-ii),  \V.  R. 
Cl.A.NN  vuMlMMi  .ss,  S.  VV.  side  of  \Va|t|)aloo  Island;  "i-llt  in  Iri'iO,  W.  II. 


Ci.ATsoi's,  about  Vi  in.  N.  of  tl 


le  moil 


th  (d' Columbia  River ;   l,:{ooi.i  IH-JO. 


Cr.AKK  \Mi.s,  on  a  river  of  their  name  tlowinir  into  the  VVallanmi'l  ,    1,^-00  in  1830. 
Cnkis,  on  a  river  tlowinu;  into  Sabine  Lake,  l(ilM) ;  tlii'  Coi'nis  of  lleiineinn,  probalily 
CoiiAMKS,  iiearlv  ilestroyed  in  I'oiiliak's  time  ;   in  I^OO,  a  lew  near  Lake  Winiiebatjo. 
Coi.Ai'issAs,  on  K.  bank  Mississippi  in  I  7"2'),  opposite  head  ol"  Lake  I'oiuchartrain. 
CoN(  iiATiAS  (raine  to  .\p|)alonsas  in  I7lid,  from  K.  the  Mississ. ;   in  lnl)|,  on  .Sabine. 
CoNo  vuKKS,  a  small  tribe  on  Coiii,'aree  River,  S.  C'arolina,  in  1701  ;  lonnr  si, ice  fjonc. 


Con 


ovs,  periia 


rh 


ips 


K 


mliawas,  bein<r  once  on 


that 


(Ca 


mais,  and  variations.) 


CooKi.oo- )osK,  1,.')0()  ill  ISOii,  coast  of  I'acilic,  S.  of  Columbia  r.,  and  S.  of  Killawats. 
CoorspKi.i.Ait,  on  a  river  filliiitr  into  the  Coliiinbiii,  iN.  of  Clark's  ;  l,ljOO  in  ItiOU. 
CoosAOAri,  (Oeek.s,)  once  n'sided  near  the  lliver  'J'alla|)oosie. 

Copi>i:h,  so  called  from  their  copper  ornaments,  on  Copiiermine  River,  in  the  north. 
CoRKKS,  (Tuscnroras,)  on  iNeus  River,  N.  Carolina,  in  1700,  and  siibseipieiitly. 
CoRONKAWA,  on  St.  Jacintho  River,  iietweeii  Trinity  and  Rrazos  ;  ;i."»0  in  l.'r'iO. 


Cow 


i.rrsicK,  ( 


)iiC 


iliia  R 


iver,  (i'2in.  from  its  mouth,  in 


;{  villi! 


.400  in  1820. 


Chkkks,  (Miiscoirees,)  Savannah  r.  to  St.  Aui^iistine,  thence  to  Flint  r.,  17;J0.    iv.  54. 
Crkks,  (Lynx,  or  Cat,)  another  name  of  the  Knistenanx,  or  a  part  of  them. 
Crows,  (.\bsorokas,)  S.  brancdies  of  tlii'  Yellowstone  River;  40,000  in  18154. 
CuTSAUNiM,  on  both  sides  Columbia  lliver,  above  the  Sokulks  ;   1,200  in  1820. 

Daiicota,  or  I)ocoT.\,  the  name  by  which  the  Sioux  know  themselves. 

Dki.awaki;.  (Lenna-lena|)e,)  those  once  on  Delaware  River  and  Bay;  500  in  1750. 

Di.No.vDADiKs,  (llnrons,)  same  called  by  the  French  Tionontaties. 

DoK.os,  small  triiie  on  the  Maryland  sick?  Potomac  River,  in  1075. 

DofiRiits,  (illackfeet,)  but  speak  a  dirt'erent  languaije. 

Dogs,  the  Chiens  o''  tlie  French.     See  Chik.n. 

D0TA.MK,  120  in  1805;  about  the  heads  of  Chien  River,  in  the  open  country. 

Eamcses.     See  Emusas. 

EciiEMiNS,  (Canoe-men,)  on  R.  St.  Johns  ;  include  Passainaquoddies  and  St.  Johns. 

Edistoks,  in  S.  Carolina  in  ](i70;  a  place  still  hears  their  name  there. 

Emlsas,  (Seminoles,)  W.  side  Chattahoochee,  2  m.  above  the  VVekisas;  20  in  1820. 

Enesmures,  at  the  great  Narrows  of  the  Columbia  ;   1,'JOO  in  1^20,  in  41  lodges. 

EniES,  along  E.  side  of  Lake  Erie,  destroyed  by  the  Iroquois  about  1054. 

Esaws,  on  River  Pedee,  S.  Carolina,  in  l/Ol  ;  then  powerful  ;   Catawbas,  probably. 

EsKELooTS,  about  1,000  in  1820,  in  21  lodges,  or  clans,  on  the  Cohimbia. 

Esqui.MAUX,  all  along  the  northern  coasts  of  the  frozen  ocean,  N.  of  tiO°  N.  lat. 

ExoHussEWfAKKES,  (Semin.,)  on  Chattahoochee,  3  m.  above  Ft.  Gaines;  100  in  1620. 


Vlll 


INDIAN  TIUHES   AND  NATIONS. 


Faculties,  100  in  1820 ;  on  Stuart  Lake,  W.  Hocky  Mount. ;  lat.  54°,  Ion.  125°  W. 
Fai.i.,  so  cuilud  from  their  residence  at  the  falls  of  the  Kooskooskee.    See  Ai.ansaks. 
Five  Nations,  Mohawks,  Senecas,  Cnyugas,  Onondagas,  and  Oneidas;  wliich  see. 
Flat-Heaps,  (Tutseewas,)  on  a  hirjre  river  W.  R. ;  on  S.  fork  Columbia  r.     iv.  25. 
Foi.LES  AvoiNES,  the  French  so  called  the  Menominies. 
FoNi)  1)1/  Lac,  roam  from  Snake  River  to  the  Sandy  Lakes. 
Fovvi,-TowN9,  (Seminoles,)  12  in.  E.  Fort  Soott;  about  iJOO  in  1820. 
Foxes,  (Ottagamies,)  called  Renards  by  the  French;  dispossessed  by  B.  Hawk's  war. 

Ganawk.se,  on  the  heads  of  Potomac  River;  same  as  Kanhaways,  probably. 
Gayiikai),  Martha'u  Vineyard;  200  in  1800;  iu  1-^20,  ;i40. 

Guand  HivKii,  on  Grand  r.,  N.  side  L.  Ontario  ;  Mohawks,  Senecas,  and  oth. ;  2,000. 
Gkos  Ve.ntues,  W.  Mississippi,  on  Maria  River,  in  IdOU;  in  1834,  3,000. 

Hake-foot,  next  S.  of  the  Esquimaux,  and  in  perpetual  war  with  them. 
Hai.i.iuees,  a  tribe  of  Creeks,  destroyed  in  1813.     iv.  57. 

Hannakai-i.ai.,  goo  in  1820,  on  Pacihc,  S.  Columbia,  next  beyond  the  Luckkarso. 
ILvssAiHAMESiTS,  a  tribe  of  Nipmuks,  embraced  Christianity  in  1600.     ii.  51,  115. 
IliiiiGiiF.NiMMO,  1,300  in  1820,  from  mouth  of  Lastaw  River,  up  it  to  the  forks. 
Hei.i.wits,  100  m.  along  the  Columbia,  from  the  f.ilis  upward,  on  the  N.  side. 
Hkiuiinu  I'oNn,  a  remnant  of  Wampanoags,  in  Sandwich,  Mass.;  about  40. 
HiETANs,  (Cumanches,)  erratic  bands;  from  Trinity  to  Brazos,  and  Red  River. 
HiNi,  (Ciidodacho,)  200  in  1820,  on  Angelina  r.,  between  Red  r.  and  Rio  del  Norte. 
HiTciuTTEEs,  once  on  Chattahoochee  r. ;  GOO  now  in  Arkansas;  speak  Muskogee. 
HoHii.ros,  (Tushepahas,)  300  in  1820,  above  great  ialls  on  Clark's  River. 
HuMAS,  (OuuKi',',  "  Red  nation,"  in  Ixsussees  Pariah,  La.,  in  1805,  below  Manchak. 
HuiioNs,  ( ^Vyanuots,  (^uatoghies,)  adjacent,  and  N.  gt.  lakes;  subd.  by  Iroq.,  1G50. 

Illinois,  »  the  lake  of  men,"  both  sides  Illinois  r. ;  12,000  in  1670;  GO  towns  in  IjQO. 
Iniks,  or  Tachies,  [Texaj.'j  branch  Sabine;  80  men  in  I80G;  speak  Caddo. 
lowAvs,  on  loway  River  before  Black  Hawk's  war  ;  1,100  beyond  the  Mississippi, 
liioiiuois,  1G0(),  on  St.  Lawi-ence,  below  Quebec  ;  1G87,  both  sides  Ohio,  to  Miss.  v.  3. 
IsATi.s,  sometiini's  a  name  of  the  Sioux  before  1755. 
Itiikvemamits,  600  in  1820,  on  N.  side  Columbia,  near  the  Cathlaskos. 

Jelan,  one  of  three  tribes  of  Camanches,  on  sources  Brazos,  del  Norte,  &c. 

Kadapais,  0.  tribe  in  N.  Carolina  in  1707. 

Kahunklks,  400  in  1820,  VV.  Rocky  Mountains;  abode  unknown. 

Kaloosas,  a  tribe  found  early  in  Florida,  long  since  extinct. 

Kanenavisii,  on  the  Padoucas'  fork  of  the  Platte ;  400  in  1805. 

Fanhawas,  Ganawese  or  Canhaways;  on  the  River  Kanhawa,  formerly. 

Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River;  about  1,000  in  1836;  in  1820,  1,850. 

Kaskaskias,  (lUin.,)  on  a  river  of  same  name  flowing  into  the  Mississ. ;  250  in  1797. 

Kaskavas,  between  sources  of  the  Platte  and  Rocky  Mountains;  3,000  in  1836. 

Katteka,  (Padoucas,)  not  located  by  travellers.     See  Padoucas. 

Keek atsa,  (Cror,  S;)  both  sides  Yellowstone,  above  mouth  Bi^  Horn  r. ;  3,500  in  1805. 

Keviiie,  E.  branch  Trinity  River  in  1806;  once  on  the  Sabme;  260  in  1820. 

KiAWAs,  on  Padouca  River,  beyond  the  Kites'     .000  in  180G. 

KiGENE,  on  the  shore  of  Pacific  Ocean  in  1821,  ...ider  the  chief  Skittegates. 

KiKAi'oo,  formerly  in  Illinois;  now  about  300,  chiefly  beyond  the  Mississippi. 

KiLLAMTK,  a  branch  of  the  Clatsops,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  ;  about  1,000. 

Killawat,  in  a  large  town  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific,  E.  of  the  Luktons. 

KiLLAXTHoiLEs,  iOO  in  1820,  at  the  mouth  of  Co!u:.ibia  River,  on  N.  side. 

KiMOE-'iMs,  a  band  of  the  Chopunnish,  on  Lewis's  River;  800  in  1820,  in  33  clans. 

KiNAi,  about  Cook's  Inlet,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Kites,  (Staete ns,)  between  sources  Platte  and  Rocky  Mountains;  about 500  in  1820. 

KisKAKONs  inhabited  Michiliinakinak  in  1680;  a  Huron  tribe. 

Knistenaux,  on  Assinnaboin  River ;  5,000  in  1812;  numerous;  women  comely. 

Konagens,  Esquimaux,  inhabiting  Kadjak  Island,  lat.  58°,  Ion.  152°  W. 

KooK-Koo-oosE,  on  the  coast  of  tiie  Pacific,  S.  of  the  Killawats;  1,500  in  1835. 

KusKARAWAOKs,  0116  of  six  tribes  on  E.  shore  of  Chesapeak  in  1607;  (Tuscaroras .') 

Lauanna,  2,000  in  1820,  both  bides  Columbia,  above  the  mouth  of  Clark's  River. 

Lapanne.     See  *paches. 

Lartielo,  600  in  1820,  at  the  fulls  of  Lastaw  River,  below  Wovton  Lake. 

Leaf,  (Sioux,)  GOO  in  1820,  on  the  Missouri,  above  Prairie  du  Chien. 

Leech  River,  about  350  in  1820.  neiir  Sandy  L;ike,  lat.  46°  !»'  N. 

Lenna  L£NAP£,  once  from  Hudson  to  Delaware  River ;  now  scattered  in  the  Weit. 


INDIAN  TRIBES  AND  ~.^TIONJ. 


ix 


LiPANis,  SOO  in  181G,  from  Rio  Grande  to  the  interior  of  Texas;  light  hair. 
LoucHKUX,  next  N.  of  the  Esquimaux,  or  S   of  lat.  67°  ir>'  N. 
LuKAWis,  «)(»  in  1820,  W.  of  tlio  Kocitj^  Mountains;  abode  unknown. 
LuKKAKso,  1,200  in  IriiJO,  coast  of  Pacific,  S.  of  Columbia  r.,  beyond  the  Shallalah. 
LuKToNS,  20  in  ld20,  W.  of  the  Rocky  Mountains;  abode  unknown. 

MACiiAi'irNOAS,  in  N.  Carolina  in  1700;  practised  circumcision. 
Mandans,  1,250  in  1805, 1200  m.  fm.  mouth  of  Misso. ;  18:58,  reduced  to  21  by  sm.  pox. 
MANooA(is,  or  TuTF.LiiKS,  (Iroquois,)  Nottoway  River,  formerly;  now  extinct. 
Manhattans,  (Moliicana,)  once  on  ilie  island  where  New  York  city  now  stands. 
Mannahoaks,  once  on  the  upper  '        ra  of  the  Rappahannock  r. ;  extinct  long  ago. 
Mauachitks,  (Abenakies,)  on  tin      L.  Johns;  a  remnant  remains. 
MAUsAPKA(iL'K.s,  oHoc  ou  Loug  Island,  S.  side  of  Oyster  Bay;  extinct. 
Marsiu'Kks,  (Wampanoags,)  ;1I5  in  IH;}2;  Barnstable  Co.,  Mass. ;  mixed  with  blacks. 
Mascouti.ns,  or  FiiiK  Ind.,  betw.  Mississ.  and  L.  Michigan,  llKJo;  (Sacs  and  Foxes .') 
Massachusetts,  the  state  perpetuates  their  name.     ii.  42. 
Massawomes,  (Iroquois,)  once  spread  over  Kentucky. 

Mathlanobs,  500  in  1820,  on  an  island  in  the  mouth  of  Wallaumut  River,  W.  R. 
Mayes,  (iOO  in  1805,  St.  Gabriel  Creek,  moiith  of  Guadaloupe  River,  Louisiana. 
Menomi.nie.s,  (Algonkins,)  onco  on  Illinois  r. ;  now  300,  W.  Mississ.    v.  142-4, 171. 
Mess  ass  AGNES,  2,000  in  17(14,  N.  of,  and  adjacent  to,  L.  Huron  and  Superior.   v.4,n. 
MiAMis,  (Algonkins,)  once  on  the  r.  of  their  name;  now  1,500,  beyond  the  Mississ. 
MiKASAUKiES,  (Seminoles,)  about  1,000  in  1821 ;  very  warlike,     iv.  i)3,  128. 
MiKMAKs,  (Algonkins,)  3,000  in  PCiO,  in  Nova  Scotia;  the  Suriquois  of  the  French. 
MiKsuKSEALTON,  (Tusliepalia,)  300  in  1820,  Clark's  River,  above  great  foils,  W.  R. 
MrNETAKEs,  2,500  in  1805,  5  m.  above  the  Mandans,  on  both  sides  Knile  River. 
MiNUAWAucARToN,  in  1805,  on  both  sides  Mississippi,  from  St.  Peters  upward. 
MiNGOEs,  once  sucli  of  the  Iroquois  were  so  called  as  resided  upon  the  Scioto  River. 
MiNsi,  Wolf  tribe  of  the  Lenna  Lenupe,  once  over  New  Jersey  and  part  of  Pcim. 
MissouRiES,  once  on  tliat  part  of  the  River  just  below  Grand  River. 
MiTcHic.AMiES,  one  of  ihe  live  tribes  of  the  Illinois;  location  uncertain. 
Mohawks,  head  of  Five  Nations;  formerly  on  Mohawk  r. ;  a  few  now  in  Canada. 
MoHEOANS,  or  MoHEAKUNNUKSjin  IGIO,  Hudson  r.  fromEsopus  to  Albany,   ii.  87, U7. 
MoNACANs,  (Tuscaroras,)  once  near  wiiere  Richmond,  Virginia,  now  is. 
MoNGoui-ATCHES,  on  tiio  W.  side  of  the  Mississippi.     See  Bavaooulas. 
MoNTAGNES,  (Algonkins,)  N.  side  St.  Lawr.,  betw.  Saguenay  and  Tadousac,  in  1609. 
MoNTAi'KS,  on  E.  end  of  Long  Island,  formerly ;  head  of  13  tribes  of  that  island. 
MoKATOKs,  80  in  1607;  40  in  1G6D,  in  Lancaster  and  Richmond  counties,  Virginia. 
MosqiiiTos,  once  a  numerous  race  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 
Multnomahs,  (Wappatoo,)  800  in  1820,  mouth  of  Multnomah  River,  W.  R. 
MuNSEvs,  (Dcliiwares,)  in  1780,  N.  branch  Susquehannah  r. ;  to  the  Wabash  in  1808. 
MusKOGEES,  17,000  in  1775,  on  Alabama  and  Apalachicola  Rivers.     See  B.  iv.  24. 

Nabedaches,  (Caddo,)  on  branch  Sabine,  15  m.  above  the  Inies;  400  in  1805. 
Nadijos,  betw.  N.  Mexico  and  the  Pacific;  live  in  stone  houses,  and  manufacture. 
Nandakoes,  120  in  1805,  on  Sabine,  GO  m.  W.  of  the  Yattassees;  (Caddo.) 
Nantikokes,  1711,  on  Nantikoke  River;  1755,  at  Wyoming;  same  year  went  west 
Narcotah,  the  name  by  which  the  Sioux  know  theuiselves. 

Narkagansets,  S.  side  of  the  bay  which  perpetuates  theit  name.     ii.  21,  23,  38,  53. 
Nashuavs,  (Nipmuks,)  on  that  river  from  its  mouth,  in  Massachusetts. 
Natchez,  at  Natchez;  discovered,  1701 ;  chiefly  destroyed  by  French,  1720.   iv.  43. 
Natchitoches,  once  at  that  place;  100  in  1804;  now  upon  Red  River. 
Nateotetains,  200  in  1820,  W.  R.,  on  a  river  of  their  name,  W.  of  the  Facullies. 
Natiks,  (Nipmuks,)  in  Massachusetts,  in  a  town  now  called  after  them. 
Nechacoke,  (Wappatoo,)  100  in  1820,  S.  side  Columbia,  near  Quicksand  r.,  W.  il. 
Neekeetoo,  700  in  1820,  on  the  Pacific,  S.  of  the  Columbia,  beyond  the  Youicone. 
Nemalquinner,  (Wappatoo,)  200  in  1820,  N.  side  Wallaumut  River,  3  in.  up. 
Niantiks,  a  tribe  of  the  Narragansets,  and  in  alliance  with  them.     ii.  07. 
Nicariagas,  once  about  MicliiTimakinak  ;  joined  Iroquois  in  1723,  as  seventh  nation. 
NiPissiNS,  (original  Algonkins,)  400  in  1704,  near  the  source  of  Ottoway  River. 
Nipmuks,  eastern  interior  of  Mass.;  1,500  in  1775;  extiiict.     ii.  18,  40,  10();  iii.  91. 
NoRRiDGEWoKS,  (Abcnakics,)  on  Penobscot  River.     See  Book  iii.  11!),  127. 
NoTTowAvs,  on  Nottoway  River,   n  Virginia;  but  2  of  clear  blood  in  1817. 
NvACKS,  (Mohicans,)  or  Manhattans,  once  about  the  Narrows,  in  New  York. 

Oakmu'.ges,  (Muskogees,)  to  the  E.  of  Flint  River;  about  200  in  1834. 
OcAMEciiEs,  in  Virginia  in  1007;  had  before  beer,  powerful;  then  reduced. 
OciiEEs.    See  Uchees. — Perhaps  Ochosos;  230  in  Florida  in  1826,  at  Ochee  Bluff. 
OcoNAS,  (Greeks.)     See  Book  iv.  29. 


^AUNKE,  10,000  in  1820  on  Vh"v;'  "'*'•'  "'  *'erry  P 

P^wisTucENEMCK,  500  in  1820      "^^'^'^  Kansas;  Republir.";': ^' r"  '""'"  """'^x^r- 

Jawtuckets,  (-Ninmi  tc  ?      iv  ^'"'"^1'  brave  tribo   in  ^u"'""''' ^o"PPs,  and  Pict« 

Feli.oatpailah  ri^u  -^^  '"  Dudley  mUI         '-"'"''nsford  now  is  ■  exfinr-f 

Pennakooks  VNinmnk  V      ,'  °"  ^n  island  in  Ppm?i       .'^*"-' above  forKs  W  R 
PEquAKETs,  (Abenakios  fon   "'  ^^"'^'■'  °"«  of  the  five  Srh""'^'  f'"  "'    "i-  ^4,  95 

Q''i«i.M.;„„V'r.,'^';,''«i  850  i„  1890,  N.n„l..„.,.  _.  S'niror. 


"iPissA  are  those  ca  IpH  n       ^'  ^a'nsthocles  N  Pol  .    i       '  "''^'  '^e  PaiJshs 
iDjp.«      B„„  o^*^  '=""ed  BavairouIa«  K„  .i. '-S,'.  ^^-  V'^Jmhia  r. :  y  nnn  ;„  tott;  ^' 


Qf'NNiPissA  are  those  ca  IpH  r^'  ^-  ^alnsthocles  N  Pol  ,    i  ^^"'  "^^'  '^e  PaiJsl, 

Q— s.     See  p/sL'i'^it'.ri'rc^/t^''^--^^-^^^^^^^  '''"'  '"  ^^^« 

»-  -  ■  ''-^^^s.  Hist.  Sec.  iii.]8]. 


J-K.,EE,  s^&S^^a-  ^^20,  on  Chattahoochie  r    19        k 
«ouNn..„EADsf(H^;o„  "  F  ^^/oq"o's,do«^^^  the  N  S  n7  h' i'^'^"'''''^  by  s,n.  pox 


and  N  of  ij,em. 
s'd.  Mississippi. 
JliufTs.     V.  lao-  137 
«->  New  York,     y  4 
.  »)0inJ840.     v4 

•Hocky  Mountains. 
y  tribes. 

oods  and  the  Missis, 
ate  on  s.  side. 
^*^00  in  1820.    V  41 

"iviJIa^reJnUonff; 
','''^,/'-o,„  the  river 
■  s  Kiver. 
'.'f  Mississippi. 
:"iiain  ](J07. 

re  IftOo. 

^'"J  "  ■  Potoashs. 

xtinct. 
e  Oinahas. 
f-,  1755.   ii.  3(5. 
tivor. 

omac  River 
es ;  from  Florida, 
small  number 

'"."I?'  "'"^  i'icts. 
01  Missouri. 

^°w  is ;  extinct. 
'  of  200  acres 
>ovo  forKs,  VV  R 
ibove  Bangor. 

c  Illinois, 
^'isli  in  1725 

ii.  lOl—lJo 
817.  "• 

driven  west. 

louth. 

I^apids,  W.  R. 
"noctomichs 
■V.  141,142. 
5  English,  iy.  4 


Mass. 

»•  po.t  in  1780. 
iJuook  River. 
£ng-  in  1707. 

le  Quiniilts. 
t  the  Pailslis. 
WO  in  1820 


INDIAN  TRIBES  AND  NATIONS. 


XI 


Florida  line, 
lave  Lake. 

1  1820. 

I'y  sm.  pox. 

'•97;  V.  14. 


SACiiDAGur.its,  (Powliatans,)  perliaps  the  true  name  of  the  Powhatana. 
Sankiiikans,  the  Delawares  knew  the  Moiiawks  by  that  name. 
Samke',  a  small  tribe  in  N.  Carolina  in  1701,  on  a  river  perpetuating  their  name. 
Sai'onif.s,  (Wananiies,)  Sapona  River,  Carolina,  in  1700;  joined  Tuscaroras,  1720. 
Satanas,  a  name,  it  is  said,  given  the  Sliawanees  by  tiie  Iroquois. 
SAi;KK,or  Sac.  united  witli  fox  before  1805;  then  on  Mississ.,  above  Illinois,    v.  142. 
Saitkiks,  or  Fai.i,  Indians  of  the  French,  about  the  falls  of  St.  Mary. 
Savannahs,  so  called  from  tiie  river,  or  tiie  river  from  them;  perhaps  Yamasees. 
Scattakooks,  upper  part  of  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  went  from  New  England  about  IG72. 
Sr.MiNoi.E.s  have  been  established  in  Florida  a  hundred  years,     iv.  ubi  supra. 
Sk.nkcas,  one  of  th(?  Five  Nations;  "ranged  many  thousand  miles"  in  1700.     v.  4. 
Si.fo.vES,  ill  Virginia  in  1775,  but  a  remnant.     See  Saponies. 

Serranna,  (Savannahs')  in  Georgia;  nearly  destroyed  by  the  Westoes  about  1G70. 
Skwefs,  a  small  tribe  in  N.  Carolina,  mentioned  by  Lawson  in  1710. 
Shai.i.alah,  1,21M)  in  1H16,  on  the  Pacific,  S.  Columbia  r.,  next  the  Cookkoo-oosee. 
Shai.lattoos,  on  Columbia  River,  above  the  Skaddals;  100  in  1820. 
SiiANWAPi'oNE,  400  in  1820,  on  the  heads  of  Cataract  and  Taptul  Rivers. 
Shawane,  once  over  Ohio;  1G72,  subdued  by  Iroquois;  1,383  near  St.  Louis  in  1820. 
SiiEASTUKi.E,  000  in  1820,  on  the  Pacific,  S.  Columbia  r.,  next  beyond  the  Youitz. 
SiiiNiKOoKS,  a  tribe  of  Long  I.sland,  about  what  is  now  South  Hampton. 
Shosuonee,  30,000  in  1820,  on  plains  N.  Missouri  ;  at  war  with  the  Blackfeet. 
SiioTO,  (VVappatoo,)  400  in  1820,  on  Columbia  River,  opposite  mouth  of  VVallaumut. 
SicAUNiES,  1,000  in  1820,  among  the  spurs  of  the  Rocky  Mounts.,  V/.  of  the  Rapids. 
Siorx,  discovered  by  French,  IGGO;  33,000  in  1820,  St.  Peter's,  Missis.,  and  Misso.  r. 
SissATo.NES,  upper  portions  of  Red  r.,  of  L.  Winnipec  and  St.  Peter's,  in  1820. 
SiTiMACHA.     See  Chitimicii.' 

Sitka,  on  King  George  III.  Islands,  on  the  coast  of  the  Pacific,  about  lat.  57°  N. 
Six  Mations,  (Iroquois,)  Mohawk,  Seneca,  Onondaga,  Oneida,  Cayuga,  Shawane. 
Skadd  Ai.s,  on  Cataract  River,  25  m.  N.  of  the  Big  Narrows ;  200  in  1820. 
Skeetsomish,  2,000  in  1820,  on  a  river  of  their  name  flowing  into  the  Lastaw. 
Skilloot,  on  Columbia  River,  from  Sturgeon  Island  upward;  2,500  in  1820. 
Skunnemoke,  or  Tuckapas,  on  Vermilion  River,  La.,  G  leagues  W.  of  N.  Iberia. 
Smokshop,  on  Columbia  r.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Labiche;  800  in  1820,  in  24  clans. 
Snake.     See  Aliatans,  or  Shosiionkes. 

Sokokie,  on  Saco  River,  Maine,  until  1725,  when  they  withdrew  to  Canada. 
SoKULK,  on  the  Columbia,  above  mouth  of  Lewis's  River;  2,400  in  1820. 
SouRKiuois.  (Mikmaks,)  once  so  called  by  the  early  French. 
SouTiES,  (Oltowas,)  a  band  probably  mistaken  for  a  tribe  by  the  French. 
SovENNOM,  (Chopunnish,^  on  N.  side  E.  fork  of  Lewis's  River;  400  in  1820;  W.  R. 
Spokain,  on  sources  Lewis's  River,  over  a  large  tract  of  country,  W.  Rocky  Mts. 
Squannaroo,  on  Cataract  r.,  below  the  Skaddals;  120  in  1820;  W.  Rocky  Mts. 
Staetans,  on  heads  Chien  r.,  with  the  Kanenavish  ;  400  in  1805;  resemble  Kiawas. 
Stockbrmige,  New,  (Mohegans  and  Iroquois,)  collected  in  N.  Y.,  178G ;  400  in  1820. 
Stockbridge,  Mass.,  (Mohegans.)  settled  there  in  1734  ;  went  to  Oneida  in  1786. 
St.  John's,  (Abenakies,)  about  300  still  remain  on  that  river. 
Susquehannok,  on  W.  shore  of  Md.  in  1G07;  that  river  perpetuates  their  name. 
SussEES,  near  sources  of  a  branch  of  the  Saskashawan,  W.  Rocky  Mountains. 
SvMERONS,  a  numerous  race,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 

Tacullies,  "people  who  go  upon  water;"  on  head  waters  of  Frazier's  River,  La. 
Tahsaoroudie,  about  Detroit  in  1723;  probably  Tsonothouans. 
Tahuacana,  on  River  Brazos;  :!  tribes;  180  in.  up;  1,200  in  1820. 
Tallahasse,  (Seminoles,)  15  in  1820,  between  Oloklikana  and  Mikasaukie. 
Tai.lf.wheana,  (Seminoles,)  210  in  1820,  on  E.  side  Flint  River,  near  the  Chehawa. 
Tamaronas,  a  tribe  of  the  Illinois;  perhaps  Peorias  afterwards. 
Tamatles,  (Seminoles,)  7  m.  above  the  Ocheeses,  and  numbered  220  in  1820. 
Tarratines,  E.  of  Pascataqiia  River;  the  Nipmuks  so  called  the  Abenakies. 
Tattowhehali.ys,  (Seminoles,)  130  in  1820;  since  scattered  among  ether  towns. 
Taukawavs,  on  the  sources  of  Trinity,  Brazos,  De  Ui>8,  and  Colorado  Rivers. 
Tawakenoe,  "Three  Canes,"  W.  side  Brazos  r.,  200  m.  W.  of  Nacogdoches,  1804. 
Tawavvs,  (Hurons,)  on  the  Mavvme  in  1780,  18  m.  from  Lake  Erie. 
Telmocresse,  (Seminoles,)  W.  side  Chattahoochee,  15  m.  above  fork;  100  in  1820. 
Tenisaw,  once  on  that  river  which  flows  into  Mibile  Bay ;  went  to  Red  r.  in  17G5. 
Tetons,  (Sioux,)  "  vile  miscreants,"  on  Mississ.,  Misso.,  St.  Peter's;  "  real  pirates." 
Tionontaties,  or  Dinondadies,  a  tribe  of  Hurons,  or  their  general  name. 
Tockwoghs,  one  of  the  six  tribes  on  the  Chesapeak  in  1607. 
Tonic  AS,  20  warriors  in  1784,  on  Mississippi,  opp.  Point  Coup6;  once  numerous. 
ToNKAHAN",  a  nation  or  tribe  of  Texans,  said  to  be  cannibals. 


xn 


INDIAN  TRIBES  AND  NATIONS. 


ToNKAWA,  700  in  1820,  erratic,  ubout  Bay  St.  Bernardo. 

ToTERos,  on  the  mountains  N.  of  the  Sapones,  in  N.  Carolina,  in  1700. 

ToTusKEVri.     See  Moratoks. 

TowACANNO,  or  TowoASH,  one  of  three  tribes  on  the  Brazos.     See  Tahuacana. 

TsoNONTHOUANS,  Hennepin  so  called  the  Senecas;  by  Cox,  called  Sonnontovans. 

TuKABATCHE,  on  Taljapoosic  River,  'M)  m.  above  Fort  Alabama,  in  1775. 

Tunica,  (Mobilian,)  on  Red  River,  90  m.  above  its  mouth;  but  30  in  1820. 

TuNxis,  (Mohegans,)  once  in  Farmington,  Conn. ;  monument  erected  to  them,  1840. 

TusHEPAHAS,  and  Ootlashoots,  5,600  in  1820,  on  Clark's  and  Missouri  Rivers. 

TuscARORA,  on  Neus  r.,  N.  Carolina,  till  1712;  a  few  now  in  Lewiston,  Niagara  r. 

TuTELOES.     See  Manooaks,  or  Manooaos. 

ToTSEEWA,  on  a  river  W.  Rocky  Mts.,  supposed  to  be  a  branch  of  the  Columbia. 

TwiGHTWEEs,  (Miamies,)  in  1780,  on  the  Great  Miami;  so  called  by  the  Iroquois. 

UcHEE,  once  on  Chattauchee  r.,  4  towns;  some  went  to  Florida,  some  west.   iv.  141. 

Ufallah,  (Seminoles,)  G70  in  1820,  12  m.  above  Fort  Gaines,  on  Chattahoochee  r. 

Ugaljachmutzi,  a  tribe  about  Prince  William's  Sound,  N.  W.  coast. 

Ulseah,  on  coast  of  the  Pacific,  S.  Columbia,  beyond  the  Neekeetoos;  150  in  1820. 

Unalachtoo,  one  of  the  three  tribes  once  composing  the  Lenna  Lenape. 

Unamies,  the  head  tribe  of  Lenna  Lenape. 

Unchagocs,  a  tribe  anciently  on  Long  Island,  New  York. 

Upsaroka,  (Minetare,)  commonly  called  Crows. 

Waakicum,  30  m.  up  Columbia  River,  opposite  the  Cathlamats;  400  in  1836. 
Wabinga,  (Iroquois,)  between  W.  branch  of  Delaware  and  Hudson  r.  B.  iii.  97,  n. 
Waco,  (Panis,)  800  in  1820,  on  Brazos  River,  24  m.  from  its  mouth. 
Wahowpums,  on  N.  branch  Columbia  River,  from  Lnpage  r.  upward;  700  in  1806. 
Wahpatone,  (Sioux,)  rove  in  the  country  on  N.  W.  side  Si   Peter's  River. 
Wahpacoota,  (Sioux?)  in  the  country  S,  W.  St.  Peter's  in  1805;  never  stationary. 
Wamesits,  (Nipmuks,)  once  on  Merrimac  River,  where  Lowell,  Mass.,  now  is. 
Wampanoag,  perhaps  the  3d  nation  in  importance  in  N.  E.  when  settled  by  the  Eng. 
Wappings,  at  and  about  Esopus  in  1758;  also  across  the  Hudson  to  the  Minsi. 
WARANANCoNoriNS,  supposed  to  be  the  same  as  the  Wappings. 
Washa ws,  on  b  '  rrataria  Island  in  1080,  considerable ;  1805,  at  Bay  St.  Fosh,  5  only. 
Watanons,  or  Weas.     See  Ouiatinons. 

Waterees,  once  on  the  river  of  that  name  in  S.  Carolina,  but  long  since  extinct. 
Watepaneto,  on  the  Padouca  fork  of  the  Platte,  near  Rocky  Mts. ;  900  in  1820. 
Wawenoks,  (Abenakies,)  once  from  Sagadahock  to  St.  George  River,  in  Maine. 
Waxsaw,  once  in  S.  Carolina,  45  m.  above  Camden;  name  still  continues. 
Weas,  or  Waas,  (Kikapoos.)     See  Ouiatanons. 

Wekisa,  (Semin.,)  250  in  1820,  W.  side  Chattahoochee,  4  m.  above  the  Cheskitaloas. 
Welch,  said  to  be  on  a  southern  branch  of  the  Missouri.     Book  i.  36,  37,  38. 
Westoes,  in  1670,  on  Ashley  and  Edisto  Rivers,  in  S.  Carolina. 
Wetepahato,  with  the  Kiawas,  in  70  lodges  in  1805,  Padouca  fork  of  Platte  River. 
Wheelpo,  on  Clark's  River,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Lastaw ;  2,500  in  1820 ;  W.  R. 
Whirlpools,  (Chikaniaugas,)  so  called  from  the  place  of  their  residence. 
White,  W.  of  Mississippi  River;  mentioned  by  many  travellers.     See  Book  i.  38. 
WiGHcoMocos,  one  of  the  six  tribes  in  Virginia  in  1607,  mentioned  by  Smith. 
WiLLEWAHs,  (Chopunnish,)  500  in  1820,  on  Willewah  r.,  which  falls  into  Lewis's. 
Winnebago,  on  S.  side  Lake  Michigan  until  1832;  Oltagamies,  &c.     v.  141 — 143. 
Wolf,  Loups  of  the  French;  several  nations  had  tribes  so  called. 
WoKKON,  2  leagues  from  the  Tuscaroras  in  1701 ;  long  since  extinct. 
WoLLAWALi.A,  OH  Columbia  r.,  from  above  Musclcshell  Rapids,  W.  Rocky  Mts. 
WvANDOTS,  (Hurons.)  a  great  seat  at  Sandusky  in  1780;  warlike. 
WvcoMEs,  on  the  Susquehannah  in  1648,  with  some  Oneidas,  250. 
Wyniaws,  a  small  tribe  in  N.  Carolina  in  1701. 

Yamacraw,  at  the  bluff  of  their  name  in  1732,  near  Savannah,  about  140  men. 
Yamasee,  S  border  of  S.  Carolina;  nearly  destroyed  in  1715  by  English,     iv.  1:18. 
YAMPERACK,(Catnanches,)3tribesaboutsources  Brazos,  del  Norte,  &c.;  1817,30,000. 
Yanktons,  in  the  plane  country  adjacent  to  E.  side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Yattas.see,  in  Louisiana,  50  m.  from  Natchitoches,  on  a  creek  falling  into  Red  r. 
Yazoos,  formerly  upon  the  river  of  their  name ,  extinct  in  1770.     iv.  25. 
Yeahtentanee,  on  banks  St.  Joseph's  r.,  which  flows  into  L.  Michigan,  in  1760. 
Yehah,  above  the  rnpids  of  the  Columbia  in  1820;  2,800,  with  some  others. 
Yeletpoo,  (Chopunnish,)  250  in  1820,  on  Weancum  r.,  under  S.  W.  Mountain. 
Youicone,  on  the  Pacific,  next  N.  of  the  mouth  of  Columbia  River  >  7d0  in  1820. 


^( 


See  Tahuacana. 
lied  Sonnontovans 
I,  in  1775. 
t  30  in  1820. 
reeled  to  them,  1840. 
Missouri  Rivers, 
■ewiston,  Niagara  r. 

of  tJie  Columbia. 
ed  by  the  Iroquoig. 


BIOGRAPHY   AND   HISTORY 


OP   THE 


INDIANS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


?  since  extinct. 
;  900  in  1820. 
ver,  in  Maine, 
ntinues. 


BOOK  I. 


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BOOK    I. 

ORIGIN,    ANTIQUITIES,    MANNERS    AND    CUSTOMS, 
'  &,c.   OF  TliK   AMERICAN   INDIANS. 


O  roiiM  llirir  nnricnl  Incin  ri«('  neiin, 

Mow  wiiiilil  tliry  tuki'  up  iHrnt'l'ii  iitiiiitiiig  itrnin  I 

Art  tliim  liMi  I'.illfii,  llii'rm  r  l»i>  wv  Mrn 

The  nililiiT  unci  tlm  iniinliTcr  wnik  iii<  wn  ? 

Tlimi,  Hint  Imal  wii'ti'd  ciirlli,  iiiiil  (larixl  doapiie 

Alike  ih()  wriilli  Hiid  iniTi-y  <il'  llio  MkiiK, 

'I'liy  |>(iin|i  is  ill  I  In-  Krave,  lliy  tflnry  luid 

I.oiv  ill  llic  liil"  lliiiii'  iiviirire  Iiiih  iimiln. 

VVi^  ooini'  Willi  jiiy  Ircim  oiii  clcriiiil  rint, 

To  Hci'  llio  oiiiiri'HHiir  in  liin  turn  opiires^rd. 

An  lliKii  llie  tiiid,  till'  lliiiiiilii  1)1'  wimsii  hand 

itiilliiil  (HIT  all  (I'lr  ili-iuhiliMl  liiml, 

Shmik  prliH'ipiililic^  mill  kiiiifiliiiiH  iliiwn, 

Anil  in  nil'  lliii  iniiiintain*  Ireiiilili'  at  hit  Crown? 

Tliii  Hwiirl  sliill  litflil  iipiiii  ihy  IkhhiimI  jiowers, 

Anil  wniln  lliriii  a-i  llnv  wailril  oiirn 

•'1  ,>  Ihiid  Oninipiiti'iii'i!  liiM  law  liillilM, 

And  vengoiince  cxci'iilon  what  juilico  willii. — Cowpb» 


CHAPTER  I 

Origin  of  the,  namf  Indian. —  WInj  applied  to  the  people  foi  Ad  in  Jltnerica. — Jlnrirnt 
UHthors  siipiiosid  to  hare  rrfcrrul  to  •■Imirica  in  tliiir  irrilings — Tlicopompus — 
Voijiigc  of  tianno — Diodorus  Siculus — Pliitu — Aristotle — Hcncca. 

Thk  name  Indlitn  was  orroneoiisly  applied  to  tlie  ori<;iiml  iimii  of  Aincricn* 
by  its  first  discoverers.  The  attempt  to  arrive  at  the  East  Iiidii  s  by  snilin^ 
west,  caused  the  discovery  ot"  tiie  islands  and  continent  of  America.  When 
tiiey  were  at  fn-st  discovered,  Columhus,  niid  many  after  him,  snpposed  they 
had  arrived  at  the  eastern  shore  of  tlie  continent  of  India,  and  lience  the  p(;o- 
])le  they  found  thtu'e  were  called  Indians.  The  error  was  not  discovt^red  mitil 
the  name  had  so  obtained,  that  it  could  not  well  be  changed.  It  is  true,  that  it 
matters  but  little  to  us  by  what  name  the  i:idi<jeiies  of  a  country  are  known, 
and  especially  those  of  America,  in  as  far  as  the  name  is  seldom  used  amontf 
us  but  in  application  to  the  aboriginal  Americans.  But  with  the  people  ot 
Europe  it  was  not  so  unimportant  Situated  l)etween  f!ie  two  countries,  India 
and  America,  the  same  name  fo  the  inlialtitants  of  l)oth  must,  at  first,  iiuve 
produced  consiilerabic  inconvtMiience,  if  not  confusion  ;  because,  in  speaking 
of  an  Indian,  no  one  woukl  know  whether  an  American  or  a  Zealandtu-  was 
meant,  unless  by  the  context  of  the  discourse.  Therefore,  in  a  historical  point 
of  view,  the  error  is,  at  least,  as  much  to  be  deplored  as  that  the  name  of  the 
continent  itself  should  have  been  derived  from  Jlineriais  instead  of  Columbus. 

*  So  named  from  Vespuliiis  Aiiieririis,  a  Florentine,  who  mndft  a  discovery  of  some  purl 
of  the  coast  of  Soiilli  America  in  I  199,  two  years  after  (^alwt  had  explored  the  coast  of  NorlA 
America;  but  Americus  had  the  fortune  to  coafor  liis  iiumc  upou  both. 


ON   TIIR  OHKHN  OF  TIIK   INDIANS. 


[Hook   I 


It  hns  lii'cii  till'  |iriiflicf  oC  iilmoHt  cxfry  writrr,  ulin  \mn  uriltrii  nlioiit  llir 
pritnilivf  iiilitihiiiiiit.M  >>{' i\  ((iiintn,  tn  ^ivc  hihim' \vil<l  iliiotirH  n|' oiImi-h,  <-(in- 
rciiiiiiff  their  dii^iii,  mid  to  rliiMc  the  iicioimt  wiih  liisouii;  which  iinally 
liiis  hrcii  iiiiir*'  \ i>iiiiiiii-\,  if  jioH^ihh,  llinn  iho.Kr  ol' hiN  |irrilriTWM(ir-<.  I.oii^', 
Inhiiriiiiis,  iiiiil,  wr  imhn  luhl,  iim'Iom  (liM|ni«itioiiN  hiivi'  hccti  iliiily  laid  hdiirr 
thr  woihl,  1111111  ihi"  discitxcr}  (iC  Aninicii  hy  fultiinlins  to  the  iiirfTiit  linic,  id 
fii(h'a\tir  to  cviiliiiii  \>\  uliiit  iiii'iins  thr  iidinhitiiMts  got  Iroiii  tlic  old  to  ttic 
new  world.  'I'd  iM'l,  tlK'rcliin-,  in  iiiiisoti  \\  ith  iniiiiy  ot'  our  |iri-drri'H<4or^>,  wv 
will  lir^iii  MM  liir  hiifk  (is  tiny  Iiiim'  dour,  and  ho  hIiiiII  coniriH  imt  with  V'/ico 
p<;f(i/;i/.y  and  otlitrs,  I'i'oiii  iiitiiiiatioiis  in  w  Iiomi' writiiius  it  is  alltgid  the  an- 
cit'iils  had  knowlrd^'c  of  AnMrini,  and  tlnriliirr  |i<'o|ili'd  it. 

'I'luopoin/nis,  a  li'arnrd  historian  and  oriitur,  who  (loiiriHJinl  in  the  time  ol' 
./?/r,r(/*i(///"  tlif  (inat,  in  a  lioo|<  ciilitli'd  'I'fiiiiimd.tiir,  <^\\f>*  n  sort  of  dialojrin' 
Ix'tw'crn  .Mii/iis  thr  IMiry>:ian  and  Siliniis.  'V\ir  hook  itself  is  lost,  hut  Slnilm 
refers  to  it,  and  .Kllniius  has  ^i\eii  iis  the  snhstanee  ot'  the  dialogue  wliii-h  i'<\' 
lows.  Alhr  niiicli  conMrsatiiin,  SUniiis  said  to  .Mi'iln.i,  that  llinope,  Asia  and 
Africa  were  lait  islands  surrounded  on  all  sides  hy  the  sea;  hut  that  there  was 
a  continent  situated  iieyond  these,  which  was  of  innneiise  dinieiisinns,  even 
without  limits;  and  that  it  was  so  liivnriant,  as  to  |irodiice  animals  of  prodi- 
gioiis  ma^rnitiide,  and  men  ^rew  to  doidile  the  lieight  of  thi'msel\es,  and  that 
tlii'y  lived  to  a  far  jjreater  aj^e  ;*  that  they  had  many  great  cities ;  and  their 
usages  and  laws  were  dilfereiit  from  ours ;  thai  in  one  city  there  was  more 
than  a  million  of  inhahitants ;  that  gold  and  silver  wen?  there  in  vast  i|iiaiili- 
ties.f  This  is  hut  an  ahstract  from  .Kti(t>iiis\H  extract,  hut  contains  all  of  it  that 
can  he  said  to  refer  to  a  country  west  of  Einope  and  Africa.}  .Klliin  or  ,'Eli- 
mmt.i  lived  ahont  A.  I).  WO. 

Hditno  flom'isiied  wlieu  the  ('arthagiiiians  were  iti  their  greatest  |)rosperity, 
but  the  exact  time  is  unknown.  Home  plac*;  his  times  10,  and  others  1-10, 
years  before  tlu^  founding  of  Itonie,  wiiich  would  lit;  about  HOO  years  before 
our  vru,!)  He  waH  an  olficer  of  great  enterprise,  having  sailed  around  and  ex- 
plored the  coast  of  Africa,  set  out  from  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  now  called 
the  Straits  of  (Jibraltar,  and  saik'd  westward  MO  «lays.  Hence  it  is  inferred  by 
many,  that  be  must  have  visited  America,  or  Homt!  of  its  islands.  He  wrote  a 
book,  which  he  entitled  Periplus,  giving  an  account  of  his  voyages,  vvbicb  wua 
translated  and  |)ublislied  about  l.^^'Ci,  in  (ireek.!! 

Miuiy,  and  not  without  tolerably  good  reasons,  l)eliovo  that  an  island  or  con- 
tinent existed  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  this  period,  but  which  disuppeured 
ofterwards. 

*  Itiiiyim  mid  Riujmil  either  had  not  read  this  slory,  i>r  they  did  not  liclicvc  it  to  have  been 
America;  for  ihey  laiijjhl  ihal  all  aiiinmls  (lejfeiierated  here.  Rlaiiy  <>/  the  lirsl  aiKenliirers 
lo  llieroasls  of  iiiikiuiwii  coiiiilries  reported  iheiii  iiihabileil  l>y  i^iaiil'*.  t^wift  wrote  (iullirer'a 
Travels  to  bring  sui'ji  aceoiinls  into  ridicule.  How  well  lie  succeeded  is  evideiil  from  u 
comparison  of  books  of  voyages  and  (ravels  before  Hud  aAer  his  time.  Dubaitas  has  this 
passage ; — 

Our  fearless  sailors,  in  far  voyages 
(More  led  by  Spain's  hope  than  ilieir  compasses), 
On  t!i'  Indian  s'lorc  have  sometime  noted  some 
Wfiose  bodies  covered  two  broad  acres  room  ; 
Ami  in  the  South  Sea  they  have  also  seen 
.    Some  like  lii^li-topped  and  liiige-arnied  Ireen  ; 
And  oilier  some,  wliose  monstrous  backs  ilid  bear 
Two  mighty  wheels,  with  wliirliiifj  spokes,  that  were 
Much  like  the  winded  and  wide-spreadiiiff  sails 
Of  any  wind-mill  turned  with  merry  g;ales." 

Dh'ine  Weeks,  p.  117,  ed.  4lo,  1C1.3. 

\  if^lian,  Variar.  Historinr.  lib.  iii.  chap.  viii. 

\  Since  the  te.xt  was  written,  diere  has  come  into  niv  hands  a  copy  of  a  translation  of  .i1'',li- 
an's  work,  "  in  Kiifflishe  (as  well  accordiiiff  to  the  trulli  of  the  (Jreeke  lexle,  as  of  the  I, aline), 
by  Ahralwm  F/finiin;.''  London,  lo7t!,  -ito.  It  differs  not  materially  from  the  above,  wliicli 
is  given  from  a  French  version  of  it. 

ft  F.iicyclopieilia  I'ertliensis. 

II  The  best  account  of  llainin  and  liis  voyages,  with  wliicli  we  are  ac(|iiaiiitcd,  is  to  be 
found  in  .1/unu«a'4  Hist,  of  Spain,  vol.  i.  93,  lO'J,  IIU,  122,  133,  and  150,  ed.  Paris,  1725, 
6  vols.  4to. 


riui" 

/Xo 

i.^litiidl 


'/»(■ 


f  > 


-^ 


MMHi 


riup.  i-l 


ON  Tin:  OIlKilN   OF  Till".   INDIANS 


Ihithrux  Slriiiii.f  «">"  lliiit  HoiiM"  "  Pltu'iiicimi.t  wire  cnut  ii|ion  n  iii»mf  f  ililc 
iMlMiiii  ii|i|M>^ili'  to  MriVii."  (M'tliiH,  lif?<ii.vH,  Ihcy  k«  |it  llir  mitf«l  smili.«|  ^i  iT.-cy, 
whirli  WiiM  (|(iiiliilr>H  (leciixiiiiiril  !>>  tin  ir  jriiltiiiHy  uC ilic  iul\/iniiiu«"  flu'  dixcov- 
«T\  iinf:lii  In'  I"  '•"'  iM-ij-'lilxiriii;;  iiiitioii-.,  iiiHJ  wliicli  iliry  wi^-liiil  in  fn'ciin- 
wImiIIv  to  lln'mHcivcy.  IHitilorun  Sinilu^  iivi-il  iil)i»iif  l(K)  yrarn  lii'litin  f AnW. 
IsI.iikI-.  King  »M'^t  "•  I'.iii"!"'  III"!  Atrii'ii  hit  nitiiinly  iiHiiiiiuiril  liy  lluinrr 
iiimI  Htiiiiir.  TImV  VMif  riiijcd  ,  llliititi  fi.i,  iiiiil  welt'  Hii|)|Mini<l  lo  lie  nlHiiit 
lO.OOd  rnilon^'s  Iniiii  MVitii.  Ilcic  cxi-it.ii  tin'  iio  in'  I'alilfij  lliy-iiiii  tirliU 
I5iit  li)  Im' iMoif  |iiirtifuliir  Nvitli  lUiilorns,  wr  \\\\\  \v\  liini  f<|ii  nk  I'tir  hiint^ilf. 
*'.\t)i'r  liasiiij.'  iiiiNsi'il  Ml)'  iNJiiiiilN  uiiirji  lii'  Ixyond  ilir  llrri'iijiiiii  Stitiii,  \v( 
will  siniik  iirtliosr  wliicli  111'  iinii-li  liiitliir  iiilii  tlic  nnaii.  'I'liwards  .M'lira, 
tiiiil  III  Mil'  \M'>I  III'  it|  i'*  <>■>  iiDiiii  iisi'  i.<i|aiid  in  llii'  liroad  >*rn,  iiiMiiy  days'  Nail 
rmiM  livliia.  Its  Mill  isvrry  11  rtili,  and  ils  Mirliirr  varii'^ralcd  wiili  iiiiiitiitains 
and  xalli'Ns.  lis  cnastH  ai'r  iinlciilril  with  iiiaiiy  iiaviL^alilr  riM  rs,  and  its  lit  his 
air  uill  inlli\ati  d  :  dcliciims  jiardriis,  and  variiiiis  kinds  «if  plants  and  tires," 
III-  linally  srts  it  ilnwii  as  the  tiin  st  roiintiy  knuwn,  wlirrr  tlif  inlialiilants 
liavr  ■'pariiiiis  d\vi'lliii>:s,  and  rvrry  tliiii)(  in  tlir  ^firatrsi  ph  iii\.  'I'lisiyllii' 
Iiiin:  III"  this  ai'iMMint  nl"  Din  lonis,  it  roir  sponds  vrry  ui  II  with  that  jriviii  nf 
till'  .Mcvii'ans  whrii  lirst  kiinuii  to  llii-  S|iaiiianls,  lint  jiiriiaps  ii  will  niinparr 
a-^  well  With  the  ("aiiarii's. 

I'liilii'.i  ari'iiiint  has  nmrt'  woiglit,  jti'i'liaps,  than  any  of  the  anriiiits.  Hi- 
livi'd  ahiint  tOO  yrars  lii-tiii'i>  tho  ('hiistian  era.  A  part  nl'  his  a<-i-i>niit  is  as 
liilluWH: — "In  tliiisf  fii-st  tiini-s  [liinr  nl"  lis  lii'in>r  tirsi  kiinwii],  tlir  Atlaiilii- 
was  a  iiiiist  lii'iiad  island,  and  tliiTi^  wen-  <<\taiit  must  piiwirtiil  kiii^'M  in  it, 
wliii,  with  joint  tiircrs,  appninti'd  to  ni-cnpy  Asia  and  I'liriipc:  And  so  a  iimst 
;;i-i('\iiiis  war  was  rairiid  iin  ;  in  which  llir  Athriiiaiis,  with  thr  runiiiion 
I'oiisciit  III'  thr  (ii'i'i'ks,  iip|iiisr(l  thi'iiisrhrs,  and  liii'V  lici'aini'  thr  ronipii'rorN, 
JSnt  that  Atlantir  island,  liy  a  lloml  and  larthiiiiaki',  was  indi-cd  snddiidy 
disti-oyi'd,  and  .so  that  warlikr  pi'opli'  wi'rr  swallow i-d  ii|)."  lie  adds,  in  aii- 
otlii'f  plari',  "  An  island  in  tin'  niniith  nf'tln'  s-a,  in  thr  passa^i-  to  thosi'  straits, 
calli'd  till'  i'illai's  of  Hirnilts,  did  I'xist ;  and  that  island  was  ;;i-i>ati  r  and  lai°;r*'r 
tliaii  l.yliia  and  Asia ;  fnini  wliidi  tlifri-  was  an  rasy  passa^jr  ovrr  to  oiIiit 
islands,  and  t'roiii  thus,'  islands  to  that  rontini'iit,  whii-li  is  sitnatid  out  of  that 
rriiiiiii."  *  "Ai/^/a/if  sitlli'd  in  this  island,  lloin  wlinsi'  hoii,  .///rt.i,  its  niiniir 
waH  di'iivt'd,  and  divided  it  aiiioii^'  iiis  ti'fi  8oiis.  To  thr  yoiin^'ist  lill  th" 
I'Xtn  inity  ol"  tin  island,  railed  6V/ /I'r,  wiiirli,  in  the  langiiiifre  of  the  country, 
siffiiitii  s  yJ'Wi/r  or  (tbouiiiliiiu'  in  shtcp,  'I'lie  disreiidaiitH  of  Ac/^^j/ip  reixneil 
liere,  from  liither  to  son,  Uir  a  frr 'at  niimher  oC  i^encialioiiH  in  the  order  of 
|iriiiios(enitiire,  diiriiif?  the  spaee  of  !HX)0  years.  'I'hey  also  possessed  several 
oilnr  islands  ;  and,  passiii<;  into  l''iiinipi>  and  Afrira,  siiitdiied  all  Lyiiia  as  far 
us  I'lirypt,  ami  all  Kiirope  to  Asia  IMiiior.  At  length  the  island  sunk  iiiider 
watr;  and  for  a  loii<{  time  nlierwarilH  the  sia  tlnreahoiits  was  full  of 
rock.s  and  shelves."  t  Tl'is  aeeoiiiit,  nithoiijrli  iiiixeil  widi  fahli',  eaiinot,  we 
think,  he  entirely  reji'i'ted ;  and  that  the  aneiiiits  had  knowledjre  ofcoinitrieH 
westward  of  Kiirope  appoiiis  as  plain  and  as  well  aiithentiented  us  any  passige 
of  history  of  that  period. 

Jirisloile,  or  the  author  of  n  book  whieh  is  generally  nttrihiit 'd  to  liim,  ^ 
speaks  of  an  island  lieyond  the  Straits  of  (iiliialtar ;  imt  the  passajj- savors 
80IIII  thing  of  hearsay,  and  is  as  follows: — "Some  say  that,  licyond  the  Pillars 
of  Iliirulis,  the  ('artliaginiaiiH  have  l()iind  a  very  feriile  island,  lint  without 
inlialiilants,  full  of  forests,  navigahle  rivers,  anil  fruit  in  aliiindaiiee.  It  in 
.si'Mial  days'  voyage  from  the  main  land.  Sum  •  ("arihiiginiaiis,  charined  by 
the  fertility  of  the  eoimlry,  thought  to  marry  and  settii;  there;  hut  soiiio  say 
that  the  governincnt  of  Carihage  foihid  the  setilenient  upon  pain  of  death, 
froiii  the  fear  that  it  would  increase  in  power  so  as  to  deprive  the  nioiher- 
coiintry  of  her  possessions  there."     It'Jlrislolle  li"d  iitti-riul  this  as  a  prediction, 

*  AmiTica  known  lo  tin-  Ancii'iits,  10,  8vo.  Hii.slon,  1773. 

t  Imk ycloiiirdiii  I'lTllit'iisis,  iirl.  Al'l.ANTls. 

X  Vt'  niir.iliil.  iiuscnllal.  0|)iTi\,  vel.  i.  Xf/fniir  siiys  of  ihis  hook,  "  Oi)  rn  f«"<nil  hnnnour 
aux  ( 'aillui;(iiiois,  «'l  on  rilaU  iiii  li\ro  il'.'Xri^loto  <|ii'il  ii'a  pas  coiniio.')!'. ''  fj.v.vo/  siir  let 
Mofurs  el  I'espiit  des  nations,  liiap.  cxiv.  p.  703.  vol.  iv.  of  his  works.  Edil.  I'aris,  1817, 
inSvo. 

1* 


G 


ON  THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  INDIANS. 


[Book  L 


Cma»^ 


that  such  a  thinj?  would  tiike  j)l«co  in  rrpard  to  soino  future  iintion,  no  one, 
perliapt*,  would  Ikivc  callud  hiin  a  (hist;  |)r()|)lict,  for  flin  Aniericaii  revolution 
woidd  have  been  its  full'ilineiit.  Tliis  |)liih)so|)her  lived  about  JW4  vears  Itefore 
Christ. 

Srnecn  lived  about  the  coiiinieurenient  of  tlio  vulgar  era.     lie  wrote  trage- 
dies, and  ill  one  of  them  occurs  this  passage: — 


'  Vfiiii'iil  annis 


SffTiila  seris,  qiiilius  nrcumis 
Viiicula  rcriiin  liixot,  rl  ingeiis 
P.iU'at  Irllus,  'I'vpliisiiiie  iiovos. 
Dclcjfat  <)rl)is  ;  iipc  sil  tcrris 
Ullinia  TImiIc." 

Medea,  Art  o.  v.  375. 

This  is  ncar(!r  pro[)hecy,  and  may  be  rench-nid  in  Eii<rlish  thus : — "  The 
time  will  coiue  when  the  ocean  will  loosen  the  chains  of  nature,  an<l  we  shall 
behold  a  va,«t  country.  A  new  Typhis  shall  discover  new  worlds:  Thule 
;hall  no,  longer  be  considered  the  last  country  of  the  known  world." 

Not  only  these  passages  from  the  ancient  antlioi-s  have  been  cited  and  re- 
cited by  moderns,  but  many  more,  though  less  to  the  point,  to  show  that,  in 
pome  way  or  other,  America  nnist  have  been  peopled  from  some  of  the  eastern 
continentis.  Almost  every  «'onntry  lias  claimed  the  honor  of  having  been  its 
first  discoverer,  and  hence  the  progenitor  of  the  Indians.  Ihit  siiu'e  the  recent 
discoveries  in  the  north,  writers  ujion  the  subject  say  but  little  about  getting 
over  inhabitants  from  Europe,  Asia,  or  Africa,  through  the  diflicult  wav  of  the 
Atlantic  seas  and  islands,  as  it  is  much  easier  to  jta.ss  them  over  the  nanow  chan- 
nels of  the  north  in  canoes,  or  upon  the  ice.  Grotius,  C.  .Mather,  HuhharJ,  ni\d 
after  them  Robertson,  are  glad  to  meet  with  so  easy  a  method  of  solving  .i 
questioa  which  they  consider  as  having  pu/zied  tlicir  predecessors  so  much. 


guppi 

oiicel 

bo|H[ 

shoti| 

over 

or  w| 

per)pl 
a  stal 
1st,  \\ 

beiiif.' 

sea  ol 

to  (le| 

gran 

Trojil 

ui)onl 

overt! 

liin'tl 

and  |l 

comil 

was  (j 

reasol 

gU.Mgl 

lie  sal 
of  th 


9ei0t 


CHAPTER  II. 

Of  modem  theorists  upon  the  peo])'infr  of  .America — St.  Gregory — Hcrrera — T. 
Morton — If'illiamson — U'ood  —  Josselijn  —  Thurow^rooil — /Jdair — R.  Williirms — C. 
Miithrr  —  Huhbitrd  —  Rolierlson  —  'Smith  —  Voltaire  —  Mitchdl  — M'Culloch — Lord 
Kaiin — Swintun —  Culirira . 

St.  Gregory,  who  flourished  in  the  7th  century,  in  an  epistle  to  St.  Clement, 
eaid  that  beyond  the  ocean  there  was  another  world.* 

Herrera  argues,  that  the  new  world  cou'd  not  have  been  known  to  the 
ancients ;  and  that  what  Seneca  has  said  was  not  true.  For  that  God  had  kept 
it  hid  from  the  old  world,  giving  them  no  certain  knowh  dge  of  it ;  and  that, 
in  the  secrecy  and  incomprehensibility  of  his  providence,  he  has  been  |!leased 
to  give  it  to  the  Castilian  nation.  That  Seneca's  prediction  (if  so  it  may  l»c 
considered)  was  a  lidse  one,  b  'cause  he  said  that  a  new  world  would  be  dis- 
covered in  the  north,  and  that  it  was  fomid  in  the  west.j  Herrera  wrote 
about  15!)8,t  before  which  time  little  knowledge  was  obtained  of  North 
America.     This  may  account  for  his  impeachment  of  Seneca^ s  prophecy. 

Thomas  Morton,  who  came  to  New  England  in  UfH,  publisliecl  in  J()37  an 
account  of  iis  natural  history,  with  much  other  cm-ious  matter.  In  speaking 
upon  the  peopling  of  America,  ho  thinks  it  altogether  out  of  the  question  to 

*  "  S  Groffoire  sur  I'cpistre  de  S.  (^^Iciui'iii,  <lil  que  passe  I'occaii,  11  y  a  vii  autre  mond." 
(Herrera,  1  Dcciule,  2.)     This  is  llie  vvliolf  passage. 

t  Il.i(l.;5. 

t  Ho  died  27  MarrI),  1G25.  at  the  aE^o  of  al)oiU  C>(>  years.  His  namo  was  Tordesillas  Anlonio 
de  Iferrera—nuc  ol  llii'  best  Spanisli  iiisloriiiiis.  Hit  liislory  ol'llie  voyaift-s  lo,  and  sctdt'iiiciit 
of  America  is  very  miiiiile.  and  very  valiiaMi'.  Tin"  ori<;inal  in  .S|)iiiiisli  is  very  rare.  Acos- 
ta's  translation  (iiilu  Frencli)  3  v.  4to.,  IGliO,  is  also  scarce  and  valuable.     It  is  litis  wc  cite. 


'U- 


■  miT  ek:' ,  ttMitsuaM 


Chaf.  II] 


ON  THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  INDIANS. 


'»  autre  inoiid." 


mifipoHe  that  it  was  peopled  l)y  tlie  Tartars  from  thn  north,  hrcansc  "a  people, 
oiKV  scttli'il,  must  lie  n-iiiovi'd  liy  CDinpulsioii,  or  tiW  ti'mptcd  thereunto  in 
hopi  s  (if  Itetter  fortunes,  npon  coMiMiindatiiiMs  of  the  place  mito  whieh  they 
should  he  drawn  to  reinovi'.  And  it  it  may  lie  tiionirht  that  these  people  eame 
over  the  i'nr/.iu  sea,  then  woidd  it  hi"  hy  <'omindsion.  If  so,  then  by  whom, 
or  when!'  Or  what  part  of  this  main  eontinent  may  he  tliouijlit  to  honler 
upon  the  eoinifry  of  tlie  Tariai-s?  It  is  yet  unknown  ;  and  it  is  not  like  that  a 
peo|>li'  well  enouffh  at  ease,  will,  of  their  own  accord,  undertake  to  travel  over 
a  sea  of  ice,  considerinff  how  many  ditlicidties  they  slial!  encounter  with.  As, 
1st,  whellier  tlieri  he  any  land  at  the  end  of  their  ..nknowu  way,  no  land 
hein;.' in  view ;  then  want  of  foo<l  to  sustain  lif'  in  the  mean  time  upon  that 
sea  of  ice.  Or  how  shall  they  do  for  tiiel,  to  ke:'|)  them  at  night  trom  tice/ing 
todiallir  which  will  not  he  had  in  such  a  place.  Hut  it  may  perhaps  he 
praiited,  that  the  natives  of  this  country  miirlit  orii;inally  come  of  the  scattered 
'IVojans;  tiir  ath'r  timt  /inf/K.f,  who  was  the  fourth  trom  Kmas,  I.  It  I.atium 
upon  the  eoiillict  held  with  the  Latins  (where  altlioujrh  he  gave  them  a  great 
overthrtiw,  to  the  shiughler  of  their  grimd  cjiptain  and  m.-niy  otlit  rs  of  the 
ht  r<ies  of  Laiinin,  yet  he  held  it  more  safely  to  d.part  iinlo  some  other  pliice 
and  peojile,  than,  hy  staying,  to  run  the  lui/ard  of  an  uiapiier  life  or  dotililful 
conipa  St ;  w  hicli,  as  history  midieth  mention,  he  performed.)  This  people 
was  (lis|)ei'sed,  there  is  no  tpiestion,  hut  the  pcoi)le  tImt  li\ed  with  him,  hy 
reason  of  their  conversation  wit!i  the  (jlreciiuis  and  Latins,  had  a  mixed  liui- 
giiage,  that  p!u-tici|)ated  of  hoth."*  This  is  the  main  groimd  of  .Morton,  hut 
lie  says  much  more  ii|ton  the  suhject;  as  that  the  situiliuity  ot"  tlie  languages 
of  the  Indians  to  the  (iieek  and  Roman  is  very  gretit.  rroin  the  examples  he 
gives,  we  presume  he  knew  as  littli-  id)out  the  Indian  languages  as  Dr.  Mntlur, 
.■llau;mni  Houilinot,  who  thought  them  almost  to  coincide  with  the  Ihhrew. 
Though  JMorlon  thinks  it  very  improhahle  that  the  Taitars  came  over  hy  tho 
north  from  Asia,  hecause  they  coiiUl  not  s.  e  land  beyond  the  ice,  yrt  he  tinds 
no  difficulty  in  getting  them  across  the  wide  Atlantic,  although  he  allows  them 
no  eoni|)ass.  Thiit  the  Indians  have  a  Ltitin  origin  he  thinks  evident,  because 
he  fancied  he  heard  among  their  wonis  Pasco-pmi,  and  hence  thiidis,  v '  hout 
doubt,  their  ancestors  were  acquainted  w  itli  the  god  Pmi.\ 

Dr.  WilliamsonX  says,  "It  can  hardly  l)e  <)nc  iont  d  that  the  Indians  of  South 
Atnerira  are  descended  from  a  class  of  the  Hindoos,  in  the  southem  parts  of 
Asia."  That  they  could  not  havt;  come  from  the  north,  !)ecausc  the  South 
American  Indiiins  are  unlike  tho.se  of  tie  north.  This  s 'ems  to  clash  with 
the  more  rationid  views  of  I''atl)er  Venegan.^  lie  writes  as  follows:  "Of  idl 
the  |)iirts  of  America  hitherto  discovi  rid,  the  Californians  lie  nearest  to  Asiiu 
We  are  acquainted  with  the  mode  of  writing  in  all  the  eastern  nations.  We 
can  distinguish  luitween  the  characters  of  the  Japiuiese,  the  (^hinese,  the 
Chinese  Tartai*s,  the  IMogul  Tartars,  and  other  nations  extending  as  fin*  as  the 
Bay  of  Kamschathka ;  and  learned  disstjrtations  c^n  them,  by  Mr.  liojfcr,  are 
to  be  found  in  the  acts  of  the  iinperial  academy  of  sciences  at  Peti  ishiirg. 
What  discovery  would  it  be  to  ju  -et  with  any  of  ihesi;  characters,  or  others 
like  them,  among  tl.e  American  Indians  ik  arest  to  Asiti!  Hut  as  to  the  Cali- 
foiiiiiuis,  if  ever  they  were  possess(>d  of  any  invention  to  perpetuate  their  me- 
moirs, they  have  entiiclj  lost  it;  and  a!l  that  is  now  found  lunong  them, 
nuKunts  to  no  more  thiui  some  obscure  oral  traditions,  prohtihly  mere  tuul 
more  adidterated  by  a  leiig  succession  of  time.  They  have  not  so  much  its 
retained  any  knowledge  of  the  particular  country  from  which  they  emi- 
grated." This  is  the  account  of  one  who  lived  many  y<;«rs  among  tho  Indians 
of  (Jaliliirnia, 

iMr.  fl'Uliam  ff'aoil,]]  who  lell  New  England  in  Ki:?;},^  at\er  a  short  stay, says, 
"Of  their  language,  which  is  only  peculiar  to  themselves,  not  inclining  to  any 
of  the  refined  tongues:  Some  have  thought  tln-y  might  be  of  the  dispersed 


t  Ibid.  18. 


*  New  {^niinnii.  Iiook  i,  piigcs  17  niid  18. 
t  III  iii-i  llisl.  N.  (^arnliiirt,  i.  '21(i. 
j  llisl.  Ciillforiiiii.  i.  (iO.     His  work  was  piiblisliod  at  Madrid,  in  n.W. 
Il  I'lic  aiilluir  (i(  a  woik   riililled   A'-'/c  hiiv/nml's  I'l-fis/'irl,  piiMislicd  in  London,  1G3-),  iu 
4li).     It  is  a  viTV  rare,  and,  in  some  rrspuclsi,  u  curious  and  vuluublu  work. 
11  Prospect,  61. 


ON  THE  ORIOIN  OF  TllF.   INDIANS. 


[HociK   I. 


Jfi\TO,  l)iciuis(>  some  of  their  words  Im^  m-jir  iinK)  the  llfltrcw  ;  Init  l»y  tlir  wimo 
nilr,  liny  may  tniicliKli-  tlinn  to  he  somr  oC  the  ^li'miin;us  of  all  nations,  Itc- 
caiis^'  llicy  have  words  wiiirli  sound  ath  r  the  (ircck,  Latin,  I''r<'nrli,  and  otlirr 
tonfincs."* 

.\lr.  Joint  Joxsrli/i),  who  r»'sid«'il  sonio  tiino  in  New  l-njjland,  (Vom  the  year 
l();l"<,  says,  "'riio  iNIoiiawks  arc  aliont  AOO:  ihrir  s|)(fcli  a  dialrct  of  thr  Tar- 
tars (as  also  is  the  'I'nrkisli  tonjtnc)."!  In  another  work,]  he  says,  "  N.  I'lnjf- 
land  is  liy  some  atlirmed  to  he  an  island,  hounded  on  the  noilh  with  the  iti\er 
of  Ciinnda  (so  called  from  IMonsieur  Cnnt),  on  the  south  \^ilh  the  KiMr  iMon- 
heuan  or  //lu/.voo'.v  Kiver,  so  called  hecause  he  was  the  lirst  that  discovered  it. 
Some  will  have  America  to  he  an  islaiiil,  which  out  of  (|uestion  must  needs  he, 
if  ihire  he  a  north-east  passable  foiuid  out  into  the  South  Sea.  It  contains 
I, I. V,M()l »,()(•() acres.  'The  discovery  of  tlie  north-west  passajre  (which  lies  with- 
in the  liiM'r  ot' Canada)  was  imderlakeii  with  the  Ik  l|i  of  some  Protestant 
l<'retichmeii,  which  lift  Canada,  and  retired  to  lli  stun  ahout  the  yeiu°  Kiti!*. 
The  nortli-i-ast  peojile  of  America,  that  is,  N.  I''ni;land,  iVc.,  are  judfjed  to  he 
Tiu'lars,  called  Samoades,  Ik  in^  alike  in  comph  xion,  shape,  liahit  and  man- 
ners." We  have  fiiveii  here  a  larjr<'r  extract  than  the  immediate  suhjt  ct  re- 
quired, hecause  we  would  It  t  the  reader  enjoy  his  curiesity,  as  well  as  wo 
ours,  in  s( cinir  iiow  people  understood  things  in  that  day.  linrldw,  Uh  k\]\q 
but  a  small  distance  heyoml  those  times,  willi  great  t'lejiance  suys, — 

"  hi  iIkkc  lijmik  periods,  wlicrc  no  iiinn  cnii  Irticc 


•rii( 
II 


111  llioiiL'lil  lliiil  lirsl  11 


iiiiicn  Ins  rare, 


IS  crriir-.  luiiied  uilli  science,  loiik  llieir  l>iilli, 
And  loi-;!  il  llieir  liMlirs  (or  llns  thiiil  ol  enrlli, 
And  wlit'ii.  iis  oil,  he  dnreil  cxiniiid  his  view, 


And 


irk  willi  nature  on  the  lii 


sjic  drew, 


isonic  nions 


ter,  gendered  in  liis  I'ciirs,  nnnianiuM 


His  oju'iii'i;;  son!,  and  nnirrod  llie  works  lie  pliiiiiicd. 
Fear,  llie  lirsl  passion  of  his  helpless  slale, 
ItiMJoiiMes  all  die  woes  lliat  roiiinl  him  wail, 
I'loc  ks  nalMre's  iialli.  mid  sends  liiiii  uanderiiipf  widp, 
Wiihout  n  piardiaii,  niid  uilhoiil  a  guide." 


Co!iimb>(id,  ix.  137.  Sic. 


Rovereiul  Thomas  Tliorowffoort  puhlislied  n  small  qiinrto,  in  \()^ihi,§  to  prove 
that  tiie  Indians  were  the  .lews,  who  had  heen  "lost  in  th«' world  for  the  spncn 
of  near  'KW)  years."  Hut  w  hoever  has  read  .'Hair  or  lUmdinot,  has,  heside  a 
good  deal  that  is  irraiional,  read  all  thai  in  ThorowiSfx.xl  vtwi  he  termed  rational. 

/'» 


He\  rend  R>f^<r  If'illinms  wh",  i\t  one  time,  as  jippears  from  Tharowssooi, 
work, 11  of  the  same  opinion.  Hi  ing  written  to  for  his  o|  iiiion  of  the  origin  of 
the  naiv  s,  "he  kindly  answers  to  those  I  iti  rs  from  Sii!«  ni  in  N.  I'lni;.  t2tth 
of  the  lOth  inoiith,  more  than  10  yeers  since,  I'/i  h(vr  virhay  That  they  did 
not  come  into  .\merica  from  the  nortli-o'ist,  as  some  had  imfijirinei',  heihoiifrht 
cvideii!  Hir  these  rt  asi  iis :  1.  their  ancestors  aflirm  tlay  came  from  the  soiith- 
wesl.  and  n  turn  tin  nee  when  thiydie:  y.  hecause  they  ".•sepaiate  tin  ir  wo- 
men in  a  little  wiiiwam  hy  thems»lv(  s  in  tin  ir  ti'miiiine  seasons:"  and  M.  "he- 
side  their  god  Ki.tlnnil  to  the  S.  VV(  st,  they  lioli!  that  .\'cr*/rtiri7?i«ir?71;  (a  scod 
over  In  ui!)  made  the  heavens  and  the  i-i,itli  ;  i.nd  some  last  of  ;dliiiii)  willi 
the  llehrew  I  have  found." 

Doctiir  Cotton  Motlur  is  an  author  of  such  siufrniar  <nialitiep,  that  we  alnioHt 
licsi;ale  to  name  him,  lest  we  he  ihoufflit   without   seriousness  in  so  weighty 


niatti 

won  It 


r.     Hut  wi'  will  assure  the  n'ad(>r,  that   he   is  an   author  with  wl.oni  wo 


I  ill  1 


o  w  ise  part ;  a 


lid  if 


-oiin  tinit  s  we  ajipear  not  st  nous  in  our  intro- 


duction ot'  him,  w  hat  is  of  more  im|iortance,  we  Ik  lieve  him  n  ally  to  he  so. 
And  wi>  are  pei'siiadt  il  that  \\v  shoiihl  not  hu  })nriloiied  did  we  not  allow  him 
to  spi-ak  upon  the  matter  belore  us. 

•  Il.i.l.  112.  od.  171.4. 

t  His  act  (iMiii  of  UM)  voynp^es  In  New  rns;laii<l,  prinleil  London,  1(17.1,  page  124. 

j   New  l"n:;laiiil  Harilie^,  4,  5.  prinletl  Loiidi  n,  l('i72. 

lis  title  1  iMiiiiienees,  '■  Diisiti'K  Dei :  Nfw  Disroveiirs,  with  sure  Aigiimenls  In  prcve,"  Jcc. 

I'affes  h  and  (i. 

Uttiuinitoiiit  is  <ro</  in  Delaware.— Wfc^t^u'f/t/fr. 


Chap.  U] 


ON  TIIK  OUKJIN  OF  TIIi:   INDIANS. 


IIo  snyH  "  It  sliniild  not  pasH  vvitlmiit  ri'inark,  that  tliir.r,  most  iiiiMiiorMlili: 
tirm"'s  whicli  liavf  ln)riic  a  vorv  f,'n'at  aM|iiil  ii|i<)ii  humitn  ajfitirs,  did,  in'ar  tlu; 
huiii"  tiiiii',  iiaiiiily,  at  llir  (•oiicliisioii  ('f  i\h-  Jijhinth,  and  tlio  liriflmiiiif;  of  tlio 
.<ii.rli<iilli,  (ciilur)',  arisr  iiiilo  the  world:  tiic  (irst  was  tin-  ltisurri<llon  of 
Liliritlitir ;  tin;  second  was  tlir  oixiiiii;,'  of  .'imcrint ;  tin-  third  was  iho 
lirformiillon  of  Wlifrion."  Thus  (In-  we  havi^  an  instructive  view  oC  the  suh- 
jcct,  calculated  to  lead  to  the  conclusion  that,  in  the  dark  a^'es,  when  literaturt; 
was  iie<rl('cted  and  t'orfiollen,  discoveries  inif,'ht  liave  heen  also,  and  lience  the 
knowledj^e  of  America  lost  l<ir  a  time.  'I'he  reader  must  now  suiinuon  \m 
•'ravin.  "  Hut,"  this  author  continues,  "a.s  |>roh;dtl\  the  />«r//,  s.-riucin;,' the 
(irst  inhahitants  of  Ami'rica  into  it,  thereii'  aimed  at  the  havin;,'  of  them  and 
their  itosleiilv  out  of  thi^  sound  of  tin!  s'dvfr  InimpHx  of  the  i^osjiel,  then  to  he 
heard  throiifih  the  Itouian  empire.'  If  the  Ihvil  had  any  <'Xpectation,  that,  l)y 
the  peoplin;,'  of  Amerii'a,  he  should  utterly  deprive  any  I'.uropeaus  of  the  two 
henelils, /i/mf/«/T  (iml  rdii^'mn,  which  dawned  upon  \\\v.  uiiseralile  worlil,  (one 
just  hi/hir,  the  other  just  oj'lir,)  the  first  (iimed  navif,'ation  hither,  'tis  to  l»o 
hopi'd  he  will  he  disappointed  of  that  e\pectation."f  'I'lie  learned  doctor, 
iiaviuf;  ((ir;j;ol^'n  what  in-  had  written  in  his  (irst  hook,  or  wishing  to  inculcati! 
his  doctrine  more  (inuly,  nearly  repeats  a  passaire  which  he  had  at  (irst  f;iven, 
in  a  distant  part  of  his  work  ;  [  hut,  there  heiuf;  consiilerahle  addition,  wi'  re- 
cite it :  "'I'lui  natives  of  the  country  now  possessi'd  hy  the  Nc-wenirlanders, 
had  heen  li>rlorn  and  wretched  lnitlhcn  evi'r  since  their  (irst  herdiiif,'  here;  and 
thouj,'h  we  know  not  ivhvn  or  how  tlase  Indians  (irst  Iircanie  inhahitants  of 
this  mijriity  <'ontinent,  yet  we  may  j^ness  that  pndtahly  the  IhvU  decoyed  those 
niiscrahl(!  salvaj^es  hither,  in  hopes  that  the  jjospel  of  the  liord  Jenus  (Jhrist 
would  never  cou)e  hero  to  destroy  or  disturh  his  ahsolute  emjiire  over  then. 
ISut  our  Kliot  was  in  such  ill  terms  with  tin;  Ikvil,,  iis  to  alarm  him  willi 
soninliiif,'  the  siVir/-  Inimpiis  of  heaven  in  his  ti'rritories,  and  make  some  nohlu 
and  zi'alous  attempts  towards  outinfi:  him  id'  ancient  possessions  here.  Then; 
were,  I  thirds, 'iO  several  luilions  {\i'  !  may  call  them  so)  (d'  linlians  n|Min  that 
spot  of  fxrouinl  which  (ell  under  tin;  inlhicrnM!  of  onr  'IVirif  I'm'Icd  Colonit'n ; 
nnd  our  FJint  \\as  williufr  to  r(!s(!U(!  as  many  of  thini  as  he  could  (iom  that 
old  nsuipin;f /««<//o/v/ of  .America,  who  ]»,  hij  the  wvilh  f)/"  (lo /,  the  prince  ,f 
this  world."  In  several  |)lac(>s  he  is  decided  in  the  o|)inion  that  Indians  are 
tScythians,  and  is  confirmed  in  the  opinion,  on  meeting  with  this  passa<re  of 
Julius  Ctr.vtr :  ^^  DIJfirilins  Invcnire  (jiKtiii  inlfifian"  \\'\\\v\\  he  thus  renders, 
"It  is  hard<'r  to  find  them  tiian  to  foil  theui."  At  least,  this  is  a  happy  appli- 
cation of  the  pas.saf^e.  Vtvsar  was  speakinj?  of  tlu;  Scythians,  and  our  histo- 
rian a|)plies  tin;  |)assage  in  speaking  of  the  sudd(;n  attacks  of  tin;  Iiniians,  ami 
tlu'ir  agility  in  hiding  themselves  from  |)nrsuit.§  Doctftr  Matln-r  wroti-  at  tin; 
close  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  his  famous  hook,  Mui^nnlia  (.'hiisti 
Jlmcrirnmi,  was  puhlished  in  1702. 

.fl.lm'r,  who  resided  40  years  (he  says)  among  the  southern  IndiaiiH,  previ- 
ous to  177.5,  puhlishod  a  huge  (piarto  upon  their  origin,  history,  &c.  He  tor- 
tures every  custom  ami  usage  into  a  like;  one  of  the  Jews,  ami  almost  every 
word  in  their  language  into  a  llehrew  one  of  the  sann-  nn'aning. 

Doctor  lioudinot,  in  iiis  hook  called  "The  Star  in  the  Wi'st,"  has  followed 
up  the  theory  of  Adair,  with  such  certainty,  as  he  thinks,  as  that  the  "long 
lost  ten  trihes  of  Isru(;l"  are  clearly  idiMititied  in  the  American  Indians.   Sucli 


*  This,  we  apprciiciid,  is  not  entirely  orijjiiiiil  with  our  author,  hut  l)nr(lcrs  upon  plap^iari'im. 
]\'nnl.  till"  ri'lrhrnted  aullior  of  (lie  "  l^iinple  Colilcr  nf  A>;'X(untiii''  savs  of  the  Irish, 
"  These  Irisii  (aurieiilly  railed  millirnjinptidzi,  tiinii-ealers)  liav<!  a  Iraililinii  ainoiiir  ijioin  that 
wiicu  the  Devil  siiowe<l  our  Saviour  till  the  kiii<fili)tns  of  the  earlli,  ami  their  i^lory,  llial  ho 
would  not  sliow  him  Irelaud,  iuil  reserved  it  Cor  liiinsclf.  Il  is,  [)r(il)al>lv,  irue  ;  l<>r  he  liaih 
liept  it  ever  sinre  for  his  own  peculiar:  the  uhl  fox  foresaw  it  would  e(lip-.r'  the  ejhirv  of  ail 
the  rest  ;  he  ihouifht  it  wisdom  to  keep  the  land  for  a  liosfijarils  for  his  unclean  spirils  euiploved 
in  this  hemisphere,  and  the  people  to  do  his  son  and  heir  {llie  Pfipi')  that  service  for  which 
1,1'vis  the  .\l  k("pt  his  Unrlior  Oliver,  wliich  makes  them  so  liloodlhirslv." — Simfilc  Cohler, 
8(i,  !i7.  Why  so  much  i;-all  is  pcnired  out  upon  the  poor  Irish,  we  <'aniiol  salisfaclorilv  account. 
The  rirciuuslance  of  his  wrilin;;'  in  the  liuu-  of  Craniirfll  will  explain  a  pari,  if  not  ihe  whole, 
of  the  cnifrma.     He  was  the  first  minister  of  lpswi<'li,  Massachusetts,  l)ul  was  born  ami  died 


in  Kns;land 
t  Magnulia  Christ.  Aincr.  b.  i 


X  Ibid.  b.  ill. 


$  See  Mag-nalia,  b.  vii. 


10 


ON   THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  INDIANS. 


[Book  I 


tlicorifs  liavc  pnincd  inuny  suppoiirrs.  It  i«  of  niidi  liiglu'r  niitiqnity  tlinn 
Jldnir,  mid  \v;is  trcfiti'd  as  siicli  visionary  spocidaiiims  sli<tidd  he  hy  anlliors  ns 
far  Itack  aw  tlic  historian  Huhl)(ii\l,  who  wroto  ahoiit  l(!8(>,  and  has  this  anioii«> 
otht.T  passajrt's:  "  If  any  ohscrvation  lu'  inadr  of  tht  ir  nianiicis  and  disposi- 
tions, it's  easier  to  sav  tioin  v  hat  nations  tiiey  thd  not,  than  from  whom  tl:ey 
did,  derive  their  orij.nnal.  Doidniiss  their  eonjectnre  who  fancy  tliem  to  Ito 
doscen(h'd  from  the  ten  trilies  of  th;*  Israelites,  carried  captive  hy  Salamancser 
and  EmrhntltUm,  hatii  the  h'ast  show  of  reason  of  any  other,  there  heini;  no 
footsteps  to  l>e  ohservcd  tif  their  |>ropin(piity  to  them  more  than  to  any  other  of 
the  triht  s  of  tiie  carlli,  either  as  to  their  hmgnage  or  manners."*  This  author 
was  one  of  tiie  hest  Idstorians  of  liis  times;  and,  <xeiierally,  lie  writes  with  lis 
luuch  discernment  n|)on  other  matters  as  upon  tiiis. 

That  Ix'canse  the  natives  of  one  country  and  those  of  another,  and  eacli  un- 
known to  the  other,  have  some  customs  and  practices  in  common,  it  has  heen 
urjjed  by  some,  and  not  a  few,  that  tliey  must  have  liad  a  common  orijrin  ;  hut 
this,  in  onr  appreiiension,  (h>es  not  necessarily  lollow.  VVlio  will  pretend  tiiat 
ditli-rent  peoiije,  when  placed  under  similar  circumstances,  will  not  have  simi- 
lar wants,  and  hence  similar  actions?  that  like  wants  will  not  prompt  like  ex- 
ertions? and  like  causes  produce  not  like  ef^i'cts  ?  This  mode  of  reasoning 
we  think  sutiicient  to  show,  that,  although  the  Indians  may  have  some  customs 
in  common  with  the  Scythians,  the  Tartai"s,  Chinese,  Hindoos,  Welsh,  and 
indeed  every  other  nation,  still,  the  f(irm(>r,  for  any  reason  wo  can  se(>  to  the 
contrary,  have  as  good  i  ight  to  claim  to  themselves  priority  of  origin  as  either 
or  all  of  the  latter. 

Doctor  Robertson  sliould  have  proved  tliat  people  of  color  ])rodiice  otiiers 
of  no  color,  and  the  contrary,  before  he  said,  "  We  know  w  ith  iididlible 
certainty,  that  all  the  human  race  s|)ring  from  the  same  som'ce,"f  n-'  <u;ing 
Mam.  He  founds  this  broad  assertion  u)ion  tli(>  false  notion  that,  to  admit 
any  (Uher  would  be  an  iiuoad  U|»on  the  verity  of  the  holy  Scriptures.  Now, 
in  our  view  of  the  subject,  we  leave  them  e<|ually  inviolate  in  assuuung  a  very 
ditft  rent  ground;}^  nami  ly,  that  all  habitable  partsof  the  world  may  lane  been 
peopled  at  th(>  sauH^  tim^,  and  by  different  races  of  men.  That  it  is  so  peo- 
pled, we  know :  tiiat  V  \'as  so  jieojiled  as  fiir  back  as  we  bave  any  account, 
we  see  no  reason  to  disbelieve.  Hence,  when  it  was  not  so  is  as  futile  to 
inquire,  as  it  woidd  be  impossible  to  conceive  of  the  annihilation  of  space. 
When  a  new  country  was  discovered,  much  inquiry  was  made  to  ascertain 
from  whence  came  the  inhabitants  ibiind  u|)ou  it — nf)t  even  aski;i<r  whence 
cnme  the  other  animals.  The  answer  to  us  is  plain.  3Ian,  the  other  animals, 
trees  and  plants  of  every  kind,  were  placed  tliere  I»y  the  supreme  directing 
hand,  w  hich  carries  on  every  ojieration  oi'  nature  by  fixed  and  und(>viating 
laws.  This,  it  must  be  |)!!tin  to  every  reader,  is,  at  least,  as  reconcilable  to  the 
Bible  history  as  the  theory  of  Robertson,  which  is  tliirt  of  Grotius,  and  all  those 
who  have  followed  them. 

When  it  has  been  given  in,  at  least  by  all  who  bave  thought  upon  the  sub- 
ject, that  climate  docB  not  change  the  compb  xion  of  t!ie  human  race,  to  hold 
uji  the  idea  still  that  all  must  have  spriuig  from  the  same  source,  {,^ihm,)  only 
renunds  us  Oi  on:-  grandmothers,  who  to  this  day  laugh  at  us  when  we  tell 
them  that  the  earth  is  a  globe.  Who,  we  ask,  will  argue  that  the  negro 
changes  his  color  by  living  among  u;',  or  by  changing  his  latitude?  Who 
have  ever  become  negroes  by  living  in  their  country,  or  among  ihem  ?  Has  llie 
Indian  ever  changed  his  complexion  by  living  in  London  ?  Do  those  change 
which  adopt  our  manners  and  customs,  and  are  surround  1  by  us?  Until 
these  (piestions  can  be  answered  in  the  atHrmative,  we  discard  altogether  that 
unitarian  system  of  peoj)ling  the  world.  We  would  indeed  prefer  Ocid^s 
method : — 

"  Ponerc  durilicni  ropprro,  simmque  rinforrm  ; 

ft'dlliriciiic  mora,  tn<)lliia(nie  (iiirore  I'ormam. 

Mox  iil)i  rrovprmit,  iialuraquc  iiiitior  illis 

Conligit,"'  &,r.  &c. 

Mi'lamor.  lib  i.  fab.  xi. 

*  Hi^i.  Ni'w  Kiiulaiid.  "il.  t  \\is\.  AiiRTit  a.  Ixxik  iv. 

\  Why  talk  of  a  ilii-nry's  rla<liiiijf  with  holy  writ,  and  say  iioiliiiig  ol'  the  cerlaiuly  of  the 
■ciciices  of  gtograjiiiy,  aslronomy,  geology,  &lc.  ? 


ON  THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  INDIANS. 


n 


pon  the  smIj- 
'■»<•(•,  to  Jiold 


Chap.  H.] 

That  i.>»  Deucalion  miil  Pyrrha  performed  the  office  by  trav(!Hinj?  over  tlie 
country  and  picking  "I'  clones,  wliicli,  ns  they  cust  them  over  then-  heuda, 
bccami!  yoiiiifr  people  hm  they  striiek  the  eurtli. 

We  iiieaii  not  to  he  undei-stood  tliut  the  e.xterior  of  the  Hkiii  of  people  is  not 
cliant'ed  hy  cliiiiatc,  for  this  i.s  very  evident;  hut  that  the  ehildreii  of  p'-rsoiis 
would  he  any  li^'iiter  or  darker,  wliosc  residenee  ia  in  a  eliinatt;  ditrcreiit  frotii 
that  in  which  they  vvcire  itorn,  is  what  we  (h-ny,  as  in  the  former  ease.     .\s 
astonishinfj  as  it  inav  ap|>ear  to  tlie  suecinet  reasoner,  it  is  no  less  tnu',  that 
\h:  Samuel  Slanliope  SmiUi   lias  put  forth  an  oetavo  hook  of  more  tliati  400 
paiies  to  prove  the  unit)/,  as  he  expresses  it,  'of  the  human  raee,'  that  is,  that 
air  were  ori^inaliy  deseended  ti-om  one  man.     His  reasoning  is  of  this  tenor: 
"The  .Vmerieaii  and  European  sailor  reside  ecpialiy  at  the  ])oie,  and  under  the 
erpiator."     Then,  in  a  triumpliant  air,  he  demands—"  Why  tluMi  shoidd  we, 
witliout  necessity,  assume  the  hypothesis  that  originally  there  existed  ditfertjiit 
speeies  of  the  human  kind  ?"*     What  kind  of  argument  is  eontained  iitsre  we 
leave  the  reader  to  make  out ;  and  again,  when  he  would  jtrove  that  all  the 
human  family  are  of  the  same  trihe,  he  says  that  negro  slaves  at  the  soulh, 
who  live  in  wliitt'  tamilies,  are  gradually  found  to  conform  in  features  to  the 
whites  with  whom  tlnsy  live  If     Astonishing!    and  we  wonder  who,  if  any, 
knew  this,  heside  the  author.      Again,  and  we  have  done  with  our  extraordi- 
nary philosopiier.     Ho  is  positive  that  deformed  or  distignred  persons  \yill,  in 
process  of  time,  produce  oflspring  marked  in   tlie  same  way.     That  is,  if  a 
man  practise  Huttening  his  nos;-,  his  ortspring  will  have  a  flatter  nose  than  he 
would  have  had,  had  his  progenitor  not  flattened  his ;  and  so,  if  this  offspring 
rep«!at  the  process,  his  ofl'spring  will   have  a  U'ss  prominent  nose  ;  and  so  on, 
until  the  nose  he  driven  entirely  off' tin;  face!     In  this,  certainly,  our  iiuthor 
has  taken  tpiite  a  roundahout  way  to  vanquish  or  put  to  flight  a  nose.     We 
wish  he  could  tell  us  how  many  ages  or  generations  it  would  take  to  make 
this  formidahle  concpiest.     Now,  for  any  reason  we  can  see  to  the  contrary,  it 
would  he  a  much  less  tedious  business  to  cut  off"  a  meniher  at  once,  and  thus 
accomplish  the   object  in  a  short  period ;  for  to  wait  several  generations  for 
a  iiishion  seems  absurd  in  the  extreme.     A  man  must  be  monstroiis'y  blind 
to  his  pri'judices,  to  maintain  a  doctrine  like  this.     As  well   migiit  h:>  argue 
that  colts  would  bo  tailless  because  it  has  long  been  the  |»ractii-(;  to  shorten 
tli<T  tails  of  horses,  of  both  sexes  ;  but  we  have  never  lieanl  tiiut  colts'  tails  are 
in  the  least  affected  by  this  practice  which  has  been  performui  on  the  lioi-so 
so  long,  t     Certainly,  if  ever,  we  should  think  it  time  to  discover  something 
of  it!     Nor  have  we  ever  heard  that  a  ftMiiale  child  has  ever  been  born  with 
its  ears  bored,  although  its  ancestoi-s  have  endnrei'  tlie  painful  operation  for 
many  generations — atul  here  we  shall  close  our  examination  of  Mr.  SiuiMs 
400  pages.  •§ 

People  d  light  in  new  tlieorie. ,  and  of\en  hazard  a  tolerable  repntntion  for 
die  sake  of  exhibiting  tluiir  abilities  i'i)on  a  subj-ct  on  which  they  have  vei-y 
vague,  or  no  clear  conceptinns.  Hud  Dr,  Smith  read  the  writings  of  Sir 
Thomas  Brown,  lie  could  hardly  have  advanced  siicli  absurii  opiiiiors  as  we 
have  before  noticed;  it)  Inilecd,  he  were  possessed  of  a  sine  ni'iid.  Dr. 
Brown  was  of  the  age  previous  to  that  in  wliic.h  Bvffon  I  v  d.  In  ^pe  iking 
of  complexion,  he  says,  "If  the  fervor  of  the  sun  were  the  so  e  cans  >  I  ereoif, 
in  Ethiopia,  or  any  land  of  negroes,  it  were  also  reasonable  tliat  inh  birants 
ol  the  same  latitude,  siibj-cted  unto  the  sime  vicinity  of  tie  sun,  the  same 
diurnal  arch  and  direction  of  its  rays,  should  also  partike  of  the  sniue  hue 
and  complexion,  which,  notwitlis'anding,  they  do  not.  For  the  inh  bitanls 
of  the  sune  latitude  in  Asia  are  of  a  different  complexion,  as  are  the  inhalfit- 
ants  of  Cambegii  and  Java;  insomuch  that  souu^  conceive  the  negro  is 
pro|ierly  a  native  of  Africa ;  and  that  those  p'aces  in  Asia,  inhabit.d  nyw  by 

*  Smitli  nil  romplex'on,  N.  Pnm<:\virk.  N.  J.  1810.  p.  11.  t  T''i'l.  170,  171. 

t  Til"  autlior  |>lt'ails  riol  %wVy  lo  ilie  clinrgp  of  pliis^iiirisin  ;  for  it  was  nol  iiiilil  sooic  months 
afler  the  text  w.is  wrillcii.  itiat  ho  kiio'v  ihat  even  (his  idea  linil  ooriirrc<l  lo  niiv  one.  lie  has 
silKO  real  an  e\tr,i"l  very  similar  in  |)r.  Lawrence's  vahiahle  I.erliires  on  Zcmlopy,  iVr. 

^  On  reflection,  wo  have  ilioinjlit  our  remarks  raiher  pointed,  as  A!r.  Sinitli  is  iiol  a  living 
author ;  but  what  called  tliem  I'oriii  must  be  llieir  apology. 


\\  I     * 


12 


ON  THE  ORIfilN  OF  THE   INDIANS. 


[Rook  I. 


Moors,  nrr>  liiit  tlio  iiitnisioiic  of  nofjroos,  nrriviiif;  first  from  Africa,  iis  we 
fi;^'ii(Mally  (•(Uiciivr  of  .'Miu'ajfiiscar,  and  tin-  adjo'miiif;  islanils,  who  n-taiii  llio 
Hariic  coinplcvioii  iinro  tliis  day.  lint  tliis  delect  [of  latitude  upon  roni|)le\. 
ion]  is  more  nniarkalile  in  America,  wliicli,  alllion^di  Huhjectcii  nrito  liotli  tli<> 
tropics,  yet  are  not  the  inhaltitants  black  between,  or  near,  or  under  eitiier: 
noitlier  to  the  southward  in  Brazil,  Ciiiii,  or  I'eru  ;  nor  yet  to  the  norib ward 
in  !lispanio!a,  ("astiha,  del  Oro,  or  Nicarajjua.  And  altbouf^b  in  many  parts 
thereoi",  tlcrc  be  at  present,  swarms  of  negroes,  s<Tvinj?  under  the  Spaniard, 
yet  were  they  all  transported  from  Atiica,  since  the  discovery  of  ("obnnbus, 
uiid  are  not  indij^^enotis,  or  pro])er  natives  of  America."  * 

Hence  it  is  tnident,  that  "200  years  before  Dr.  Smith  wrote,  tho  nf'tion  that 
situation  of  plact;  affected  materially  the  color  of  tho  hmnan  specii-s,  was 
very  justly  set  down  among  the  "vuljjar  and  common  errors"  of  the  linn  R. 

Anotiier  theory,  almost  as  wild,  and  (put(!  as  ridiculous,  respectiiifj  the 
animals  of  America,  as  that  Jidvanced  by  Dr.  .S'.  .V.  Smith,  seems  here  to  pre- 
sent itscdf.  We  have  reference  to  the  well-known  assertions  of  Ihtffon  and 
f{nifnal,\  two  pliilosophers,  who  were  an  honor  to  the  limes  of  Franklin, 
whii  li  are,  that  man  and  other  animals  in  America  dcfrenerate.  {  This  has 
bei  M  met  in  such  a  mast«'rly  manner  by  Mv.  Jefferson,  §  that  to  reja'at  any 
tbinjr  here  woidd  be  entirely  out  of  place,  since  it  has  betui  so  often  copied 
into  works  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic.  It  may  even  be  foimd  in  some  of 
the  bi'st  Iwifilish  Kncyc|o|);edias.  || 

SmithM  do  s  not  deal  tiiirly  wilh  a  passa<je  of  Voltaire,  ndatiuf,'  to  the  peo- 
pliufi  of  America  ;  as  lit;  takes  only  ;>  part  of  a  sentence  to  conunent  U|)oii. 
I'erhajts  he  thoujrht  it  as  much  as  he  was  cajialile  of  manajiiii'r.  **  The  com- 
plete sent«'nce  to  which  we  refer  we  translate  as  follows: — "  There  are  found 
men  and  animals  all  over  the  habitab'e  earth:  who  has  put  them  upon  it? 
We  have  already  said,  it  is  he  who  hiis  ma<le  th«!  jrrass  grow  in  the  ti(lds; 
nnd  we  should  be  no  inore  surprised  to  find  in  America  men,  than  we  should 
to  fli)d  flies."  ft  We  can  disco\er  no  conlradiction  I  etween  this  passage  and 
another  in  a  distant  jmrt  of  the  same  work  ;  and  whi(di  S'  ems  more  like  the 
p:ssage  I\Ir.  .V;;i(7/i  has  cited: — "Some  do  not  wish  to  believe  that  the  cater- 
pillars and  the  sii,;ils  of  one  part  of  the  world  should  be  orijiinally  from  an- 
other pa't :  wherefore  be  s'Stonislied,  tluMi,  that  there  should  be  in  America 
some  kiials  of  animals,  an  1  some  r.ices  of  men  like  our  own  ?  "  \l 

J'oJInire  has  written  upon  the  subject  in  a  nuimer  that  will  a-lways  bo 
attr.icting,  howi  ver  much  or  litt'e  credence  m  ly  be  allowed  to  what  he  has 
wrilt'U.  We  will,  lhe;ebn>,  extract  an  entire  article  wherein  he  engair' 8 
more  [iroiess dly  upon  ihe  (pies  i  )n  than  in  other  parts  of  h  s  works,  in  which 
he  litLs  rather  incident, ,lly  spoken  upon  it.  Tie  chapier  is  as  fellows:  §§  — 
"Since  miny  (iiil  not  to  make  systems  upon  the  nuuuier  in  wliich  America 
h:is  been  |  copi  d,  it  i-*  I  -ft  on'y  (or  us  to  s:iy,  thit  he  who  creaM  d  flies  in 
those  ngioiis,  created  man  lliere  ;  Iso.  However  plea>-ant  it  may  I:e  to  dis- 
pute, it  cannot  be  ('en  ed  that  th-  Supreme  Being,  who  lives  in  nil  natme,  |||| 
lins  cria'e  I  abiut  the  48°  two-legired  anim;;Is  without  f  aihers,  the  color  of 
wlins  •  skin  is  a  mixtun^  of  white  and  carnation,  with  long  bi-aidsapproixdiing 
to  red  ;  about  the  line,  in  Afiica  nnd  its  islunds,  negroes  without  beards  ;  and 


*  ■'  Psriiiloilo.i ill  Epiili  .nirn  :  or  Inqiiirips  into  very  ninny  Rorcivod  Teiionls,  nnd  comnion- 
ly  rpi'civod  'rrnilis;  lofifcilicr  will)  the  Kkligio  Mkdici.  By  Tliomas  lirmvn,  Kl.  M.  1)." 
Pajfi'  ii'.i,  ()  (MJilion,  tlo.     London,  1()72. 

t  Alter  spcnkinoc  of  the  cfVeci  of  llic  clinmlo  of  tlip  old  world  in  prodnring  man  an('  other 
anininis  in  prrffction,  lie  iidds,  ■' (^omliien,  an  ronlrnire.  la  nalnre  pnrnil  avoir  ncffliff'^ 
nonvcni!  niond  !  I,rs  lioinmcs  v  soni  moins  forts,  rnoins  cournft'enx  ;  snn^  harhe  <H  sf  ns  poil," 
Stc—flhloiie  rhllnx.  d,-s  ilenx  Irnhj,  viii.  210.     Ed.  (Jcncva.  1781.   12  vo!s.  8v'o. 

f  Kfi/Af/'v  docs  not  nay  quite  as  itinrli,  lull  says  tliis: — "  I,n  nature  onfin  m  ait  donne  aux 
Anipri<'ancs  heanroiip  moitis  d'indnslrin  niiniix  liomiiip'i  do  I'anripn  mondc.  Toule'^  rpsrau.sos 
ensenil)lc  onl  pu  nuirc  honucoup  A  la  populalioa." — [(Eiirres,  iv.  19.]  This  is,  however, only 
in  refereiire  to  the  Indians. 

^  In  his  Notes  on  Virsjinia.  Qiier.  vii.  ||  Perthensls,  i.  ^37.  (Art.  Amfr.  ^  .13.) 

Tf   fliiiniip/  Smith,  who  pnlilislied  a  history  of  New  .leriey,  in  17fi.'),  prinle<l  at  Hurlinfflon. 

"*  See  Hisi.  N.  J.  8.        tt  Essni  siir  les'  Moeurs  el  I'Espril  dcs  Nalions.     (CEuvres,  iv.  18.) 

tt  Ihid.  703.  ^  n':nvrps.  1.  vii.  197.  198. 

nil  Will  the  reader  of  this  call  Voltaire  an  atheisl  1 


'•  [Hook  I. 

from  Afrirn,  as  wr 
iiiil.s,  wli.)  retain  the 
tilde  iipiiii  comiilcx- 
jiM-tC'd  unto  liotli  the 
III-,  or  iiiuh'r  cither: 
<'t  to  the  iiorihward 
oiiffh  ill  many  parts 
MKh'r  the  S|mniard, 
overv  or('(diimhiiH, 

rote,  the  nation  that 
imiiaii  species,  was 
>i-s"  of  the  timis. 
nils,  rcs|)ectiiip  tlie 

s(;ems  lierc  to  pre- 
ions  of  Huff'on  and 
limes  of  Frmiklin, 
nerate.t     This  has 

that  to  <-e[)cat  any 
Mui  so  often  copi(Ml 
!  lotind  in  some  of 

rfdntinj,'  to  the  pco- 
to  eommeiit  upon, 
rinjr.**  'Ihe  com- 
-"  There,  are  found 
•lit  thorn  upon  It? 
;i-o\v  in  the  tii  his  ; 
•II,  tliaii  we  shonhl 
ii  lliis  passasre  and 
ems  more  hke  tho 
'vo  that  the  cator- 
irijiinally  from  aii- 
Id  he  in  America 

will  a-Iways  bo 
to  what  he  has 
"cin  he  enjrasri  s 
works,  in  wliich 
as  f()ih)ws:^^§  — 
which  Ainirien 
crea'<  d  tlies  in 

it  may  l;e  to  dis- 
in  all  nainro.  III! 
IS.  the  color  of 
«lsap|iroi;cliinjEr 

out  beards ;  and 


ON  Tin:  OUKJIN   OF  THE   INDIANS. 


i;l 


lonis,  ami  commnn- 
liimi-n,  Kt.  M.  I)." 

iiig-  man  aii(l  oihcr 
irnrl  avoir  iif"o-|ijr(i 
larlHMU  .spiis  poll/' 
lis.  8i'o. 

in  mail  cionne  aiix 
Tomes  res  raii.sos 
s  is,  hovvovcr,only 

t.  Amkr.  ^  33.) 
(I  al  I?tirlin!rlon. 
(CEuvres,  iv.  18.) 


[Chap.  II] 

tin  tlic  same  latitude,  other  ne<rroes  with  boards,  fome  of  them  linvln^'  wonl 
aii<'  ■<oiiie  hair  on  their  heads;  and  anion;;  them  other  animals  (imte  wiiite, 
haviii"  neither  hair  nor  wool,  but  a  kind  of  while  silk.     It  docs  imt  very 
clearly  apiicar  wiiat  should  have  prevented   (in  I  from  placiiiir  on  another 
eoiitiiieiit  animals  of  tin;  same  species  of  a  eoi)pcr  color,  in  the  s;mie  l.ititiide 
in  «hich,  in  .ifrica  and  Asia  they  are  foiinil  tilack  ;  or  even  from  making;  tlicin 
without  beards  in  the  very  s;mie  lititiidc  in  which  others  )>oss  •.'-s  tliciii.     To 
what  lenirths  are  we  carried  by  the  raire  for  .systems  joined  with  tli-  tyranny 
of  pnjiuFice!     We  see  tlie.-;e"  animals ;   it  is  airreed  that    (iod   has   had  the 
power"  to  place  them  wliere  they  an; ;  yet   it  is  not  airreed  that  he  has  so 
placed  them.     The  same  pei-soiis  who  readily  admit  that  the  bcavirs  of  Canada 
are  of  Canadian  ori^nii,  assert  that  the  men  must  have  come  tlicn*  in  boats, 
and  that  Mexico  must  have  been  ])eo|)led  l)y  some  of  the  descendants  of 
.'Wrtjrog-.     As  Avell  mi^dit  it  lie  said,  that,  if  there  be  men  in  the  moon,  tliey 
must  hiive  been  taken  there  by  ./i.?/o/;:>/irt  on  his  bippo<jrrift',  wlitii  he  went  to 
fetch  Roland's  sense.s,  which  were  corked  up  in  a  bottle.     If  .Vmericn  had 
been  discovered  in  his  time,  and  there  bad  then  i)een  iikmi  in  F,uro|)e  st/slem- 
fl/iV  enon^'li  to  have  advanced,  with  the  Jesuit  Lnfilau,*  that  the  Ca-'ibbees 
descended  from  the  inhabitants  of  Caria,  and  the  llurons  from  the  Jews,  be 
would  have  done  well  to  liav(!  broiipht  back  the  bottle  containing  the  wits  of 
these  reasoners,  w  liicli   he  would  doubtless  havi^  found  in  the  moon,  alon" 
with  tlio.se  of  .hiffelica\<i  lover..  The  first  thing  done  when  an  inhabited  island 
is  discovered  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  or  in  the  South  Sea,  is  to  inquire,  Whence 
came  these  jieople  ?  but  as  for  the  trees  and  the  tortoises,  thej/  are,  withotit 
any  hesitation,  jironounced  to  be  indigenous ;  as  if  it  were  more  diffictdt  for 
nature  to  make  men  than  to  make  tortoises.     One  tbinjj,  however,  which 
seems  to  coiiutenanee  this  system,  is,  that  there  is  scarcely  an  island  in  the 
eastern  or  western  ocean,  Avbicli  does  not  contain  juggler.^  fiuaeks,  knaves, 
and  Ibols.     This,  it  is  probable,  gave  rise  to  the  opinion,  that  these  animals 
are  of  the  same  race  with  ourselves." 

Some  account  of  wliat  the  Indians  themselves  have  said  upon  the  subject 
of  their  orisriii  may  be  very  naturally  looked  for  in  this  place.  Their  notions 
in  this  respect  can  no  more  be  relied  upon  than  the  fabled  stories  of  the  gods 
in  ancient  mythology.  Indeed,  their  accounts  of  primitive  inhai)irants  do  not 
a^ree  b(>yon«i  their  own  neighborhood,  and  often  disagree  with  tlii>inselves  at 
ditlereiit  limes.  Some  say  their  ancestors  came  fl'om  the  north,  others  from 
tli(;  north-west,  others  from  the  east,  and  others  from  the  west;  sonv  from 
the  regions  of  the  air,  and  some  from  und(!r  the  earth.  Hence  to  raise  any 
theory  upon  any  tiling  coming  from  them  upon  the  subject,  would  show 
imly  that  the  theorist  himself  w:'s  aa  ignorant  as  his  informants.  We  might 
as  well  ask  the  fore.«t  trees  how  they  came  planted  upon  the  soil  in  which 
they  grow.  Not  that  the  Indians  are  nmntelligent  in  other  affairs,  any  further 
tb.an  the  necess:iry  conse(|nence  growing  out  of  their  situation  implies;  nor 
are  they  less  so  than  many  who  have  written  upon  their  history. 

"  In  one  pravc  maxim  let  ii.s  all  agree — 
Nainro  no'cr  meant  Iilt  .seorcls  sliould  be  found. 
And  nian's  a  riddle,  wiiicli  man  cnii'l  cxnoinid  !  " 

I'ainc's  Ruling  Passion. 

The  different  notions  of  the  Indians  will  be  best  gathered  from  then-  lives 
in  their  prop(T  places  in  the  following  work. 

Dr.  iS.  L.  Mitchill,  of  New  York,  a  man  who  wrote  learnedly,  if  not  wisely, 
on  almost  every  siiiiject,  has,  in  his  opinion,  like  hundreds  before  him,  set  the 
great  question,  Hnw  was  Jltnericn  peopled'?  at  rest.  He  has  no  doubt  but  the 
in(!ians,  in  the  first  place,  are  of  the  s  ime  color  originally  as  tho  north-eastern 
nations  of  Asia,  and  hence  sprung  from  them.  What  time  he  settles  them  in 
the  country  be  does  not  tell  us,  but  gets  them  into  Greenland  about  the  year  8 
or  900.  Thinks  he  saw  the  Scandinavians  as  far  as  the  shores  of  the  St, 
Lawrence,  but  what  time  this  was  he  does  not  say.     He  must  of  course  make 

*  lie  \vr»to  a  liistory  of  ilie  savages  of  America,  and  maintained  that  the  Caribbee  Itui- 
guage  waj  radically  Hebrew. 


'  tW       W'\     I 


! 


I 


14 


ON    rilK   OlMCil.N   OF  TIFF,   INDIAN'S. 


(Hook  I. 


tlirt'o  prnpic'  tlio  buildcrH  of  tlir'  mounds  Hcnttoml  nil  over  tlip  wrstcrn  roiin. 
iry.  M'tiT  all,  we  ii|)|)rrlicii(l  tlir  doft'.r  would  linvf  short  timi- tor  his  ciiii- 
^raiits  to  do  aii  that  iiatiin'  and  art  lia\c  doin'  toiii'hiii^  tlii's*>  matters.  In  ilic 
I'nst  place,  it  is  evident  that  many  "ires  passi d  away  tWuii  the  time  these 
tiimiiii  were  heumi  until  they  were  linisiied :  'Jd,  a  miiltitiidt!  of  aires  must 
have  |).is-ed  t  iiiee  the  ns;-  t'or  whii'h  they  were  reared  has  heeii  known  ;  loi' 
trei  s  iil'the  a^'t;  oC'^'XJ  years  irrow  li'om  the  rnins  of  othei*s  which  must  Iimm' 
!iad  as  irreat  up"  and,  .'{(i,  no  Indian  nation  or  trihe  has  the  least  tradition 
concernini;  them.'  'J'his  could  not  have  liM[»|U'ned  lia<l  the  anc'  stors  ol'  llic 
presi  lit  Indians  l»een  the  «'r(  ctnrs  of  them,  in  the  nature  ot'thiiiirs.  f 

The  ohser\ation  of  an  author  in  Dr.  I{trs\i  l',ncy(dopodia,t  alilmuji'li  saying 
no  more  than  has  been  already  said  in  our  synojtsis,  is,  neverthi'h  ss,  so  ha|)py, 
that  \ve  should  not  feel  clear  to  omit  it: — "As  to  those  who  pretend  that  tin: 
hmnan  rare  has  oidy  ol'  late  found  its  way  into  America,  hy  crossiu!,'  the  sea 
at  Kamschatka,  or  the  Straits  of  Tsclnitski,  either  upon  the  fitdds  of  ice  or  in 
canoi's,  they  do  not  consider  that  this  opinion,  Ite.-ides  that  it  is  extremely 
dillicult  of  com|>r<dieiision,  has  not  the  least  tendency  to  diminish  the  prrdi- 
ii\  ;  tor  it  would  he  siu'prisinji'  indeed  that  one  half  ot'oin-  planet  should  have 
remained  without  iidiahitants  during'  thousands  of  years,  while  the  other  hall' 
\.as  jiopled.  What  renders  this  opinion  hss  pniliahle  is,  that  America  is 
snppoM  (I  in  it  to  have  lia<l  animals,  since  we  cannot  brinjj  those  species  of 
animals  from  the  old  world  uhicdi  do  not  exist,  in  it,  as  those  <d"  the  tapir,  llic 
i;lama,  and  the  tnjactu.  Neither  can  we  admit  of  the  recent  oriraifi/atioii  of 
matter  liir  the  western  hemisphere;  liecause,  independently  of  the  accnmu- 
lateil  dillicidties  in  this  hypothesis,  and  w  hieh  can  hy  no  means  he  solved, 
wo  shall  ohserve,  that  the  tossil  hones  discovered  in  so  many  parts  of  Ameri- 
ca, tind  at  such  small  depths,  prove  that  ceit;iin  species  ol'animals,  so  far  from 
ha\  iuf,'  lieen  lecently  orfrani/ed,  havi!  heiii  annihilated  a  lonjj  while  airo." 

IJifore  we  had  known,  that,  if  \ve  wcro  in  error,  it  was  in  the  company  of 
|»liilosopliers,  smdi  as  we  have  in  this  (diapter  introduced  to  our  readers,  wi> 
i'elt  a  hesitancy  in  avowin<j  our  opinions  upon  a  matter  of  so  ;rreat  moment, 
lint,  after  all,  as  it  is  only  matter  ot'  honest  opinion,  no  one  should  he  intoh  r- 
ant,  altliouifh  he  may  he  allowed  to  mak(^  himself  and  even  his  tViends  merry 
ut  our  expense.  When,  in  the  days  of  ('hninosliim,  some  venlun'd  to  assert  lliiir 
ojiinionsof  the  rotundity  ot' the  earth,  that  learned  liitlier  "did  huitrii  at  them."-; 
.\nd,  when  science  shall  liav(!  proijrresst d  sniilcieutly,  (it"  it  he  possible,)  to  set- 
tle this  (ua'siidii,  thert;  i.s  ii  possibilitv  tli.it  the  ('hnisoslonin  of  theses  davs  will 


not  have  the  same  excuse  I'or  their  iutidcdiiy.  lint  as  it  is  a  day  <d'  jn-oili'^ii';. 
there  is  some  daiifr<M'  of  troiitin^'  lii;litly  ev.  n  the  most  seeminjriy  absurd  con- 
jecturc.i.  We  (Ik  reforc'  li  el  very  sad',  and  mor  •  es|»ecially  as  it  retpiired  coii- 
siili  rabli!  hardihood  to  laugh  even  at  thri  theery  of  the  late  Mr.  Xy 


mmr.t. 


When  we  lately  took  up  a  bonk  enti  led  " /i'.tfff/v/ir.f,  I'lnloaofihintl  an  I .  hill- 
qunri'iti,  ronrrniimr  the  .I'xtrlirinitl  IliMoni  of  .■hn-ririt,  by  .1.  II.  .M'Crr.i.on,  ./;•. 
iSl.  I)."||  we  di.l  think,  from  the  impo-injj;  ap|».'arance  of  it,  that  some  new 
matt  IS  on  the;  sidiject  had  been  dis  overed ;  and  n  oieparticidarly  when  we 
read  in  the  pref;ce,  that  "his  fn"st  objrct  was  to  ovplaiii  the  oriiiin  of  the  men 
and  aniinaU  of  Americ.'i,  so  lar  as  that  (piestion  is  in\<ilved  wiili  the  apparent 
physical  i'upi'dimeiits  that  liavf!  so  loiiij  kept  tli(i  subject  in  total  obscurity.'' 
Now,  with  what  success  this  has  be  en  done,  to  do  the  anther  justice,  he  shall 


siieak 


I'or  li 


imsi  if,  and  the  reader  then  mav  judire  for  bimsidf. 


"Md'oniwe  attempt  to  explain  in  what  maiUKir  tlie  men  and  animals  ot' 
AiiKM-i'a  reaclu'd  this  continent,  it  is  necessary  to  ascorta'u,  if  |)ossil)ie,  tlio 
circimi.-tinces  of  their  ori;rinal  creation  ;  (lir  u|ron  this  essential  particidar  d'- 
))en(ls  the  jrreat  interest  of  our  present  invesiiirjiiion.  [We  ar('  not  able  to 
disi-over  tiiat  be  has  said  any  thing  fnrtln  r  upon  it.]  ft  must  be  evident  that 
we  can  arrive  at  no  .satisfactory  com  Iiision,  if  it  !);>  doubtful  whether  the  Crea- 
tor of  the  nniver.SL!  made   inuti   aiul  the  animals  but   in  one  locality,  from 


Cii  w 

elM'r 

this    ui 
th'-  on 
nioial 
what 
ni:in, 
Hpeei 
['I'hat 
white 
Jjiitrn 
this 
Irom  o 
the 
itiialw 
paiu  I. 
show 
ahsirar 
(itli* 
familx 
it   b-  o 
airree  \ 
trac;  s 
of  ("oh 
with  tl 
betw.'e 
entl\ 
other  t 
liin-   til 
specis  I 
and   til 
We  liiK 
ical  CO! 
one  wi! 
creatioi 
as  "  ret 
upon  n 
the  sup 
coidil  1 
that  a  ( 
to  tell  I 
wh\  lit 
As  ii 
to  ipiot 
reinarl' 
We 
object 
every  i 
(piestic 
with   ii 
a  sentt 
|)ower 
men,  ;i 
contai 


*  Or  nniip  lint  siirti  ns  nrp  al  varianro  with  all  iii-ilor}'  ami  rationality, 
t  Arcliiroloyia  Americana,  i.  .'W."),  :VH\,  'M\ .  \c. 

See  Arosia's  Mist,  F.  ami  W.  Imlios,  p.  i.  cd.  Loudon,  1G04. 

I'iil>lislK'a  al  llaltiinore,  1829,  in  8vo. 


t  Art.  America. 


^'Urf 


fvcrflicli  ss,  so  liii|i)iy, 


\  Art.  Ameuica. 


tiian,   iioiwilh.-^liiniliiii;'  nil   lln'  divcrsilits 

fipccii's,  iw  II  tnilli  iinw  imivcr.silly  iidiiiiiifd  li.\  cmtv  |ili\.''ii>l()::i.al  iMtiirali^.. 
['I'lial  \»,  iKtiuiili.-tiiiidiii.ir  a  iiff^ro  he  Id.ifk,  tin  liuiiiiii  limwii,  a  l',iiri>i>>  .iii 
viiitc,  .-lill,  lIu'V  an-  ail  iiifii.  And  (lien  loilows  a  <|niilaliiiii  I'l'dni  lUicior 
Ij>iirrnur-\<>  i  "orrolioralc  tlir  liirl  that  incii  art"  all  ol"  on.'  s|».'cics.j  ii  is  trnr. 
this  |iliysinlii'jirt  doi's  not  admit  that  the  liiiinaii  spi'i-ii  s  iiad  tin  ir  orijiin  Imt 
ironi  oiii'  |i:iir;  lor  ln'  (disrrv.s,  tin-  saim-  s|MM-irs  miijlil  have  ln'rii  cicalcd  at 
tlic  .-line  lime  in  very  dilK  rent  |iail.s  of  ihi'  cirili.  IJiit  wht'ii  \\v  liavc 
itn:d\/i'd  tlio  in«)ral  hi.-tory  ol'inaiikind,  In  uiiicli  .Mr.  fjiiwiriirc  .-;<•(•. ii.<  In  IiuM' 
p.ii.i  l.ttli' !itt;-ntioii,  [and  if  oiir  aiitlior  lia.s  doin'  it,  \\v  would  thank  liini  to 
show  ii.-<  wlicn'  w.'  ciiii  find  it,]  \v(!  find  siii-li  titrongly-inarkcd  aiialniiii-.s  in 
ali.sirait  inallir,-i  cxistiii;;-  aiiioiiji'  nation.^  the  nio.-Jt  widely  separated  (Voin  eacli 
dtlii  r.  that  we  eaiiiiot  diinitt  there  has  lieen  a  time,  when  the  whule  human 
id\   iiave  iiiiimately  pariii-iiiatcd  in  on;-  common  s\stem  of  thiii;.;.^  winlhcr 


timii 


'i\<  uiiimaK  i>  pill  I II  1 1 'i'.i'  11  111  till.  I  iMiiiiiwii  .-^t  .-^iv  III  III  iiiiii^i->,  ,,111  iiiii 
it  !).■  <d' tnilli  or  of  error,  <if  science  or  of  prejuilice.  [This  does  not  at  all 
nsrree  with  what  he  .says  atlersN  aids,  'We  have  lieeii  unable  to  discern  any 
traci  s  of  .\siatie  or  of  JMiropeaii  civili/atioii  in  America  prior  to  the  discovery 
of  ( 'nhimhii.s.'  And  a^iain  :  *  In  comparing,'  tin-  liarhariaii  nations  of  .Am  rica 
v\ilh  those  of  the  eastern  continent,  we  perceive  no  points  of  rcsemlihiiice 
lietw.'eii  them,  in  their  moral  institutions  or  in  their  liahits,  that  are  not  appar- 
lie  necessiiies  of  liiiinaii  lite.'        If,  then,  there  i.><  no  allinily. 


\^llll>         |1'ltII\(V(l        lit       lilt  Jl\\».^. -Iinn'-l  IlKKIItll       llivi  ■I^>IIilI^((l<sr  ••-^■•'^•■•■■■■■j 

Other  than  what  would  accidentally  happen  from  similar  circiimstance.s,  where 
lore  this  jiratiiii;  ahoiit 's/ro/i<f/i/-Hi'(/7.7Y/ «/i(»/oiriV.<(,'  i^:e.  just  copied?]  As  re- 
spects the  orijjin  of  animals,  [we  liaveiiiven  his  hest  proofs  of  the  ori/iin  of  man 
and   llc'ir  transportation  to  America,]  the  snhject  is  much        're  ret'ractory. 

AVe  tlnd  them  liviiij;  all  over  the  surface  ofthi;  earth,  and  siiiteii  hv  their  phys- 
:...  I    c. :. :„ c  ..e. .....i  i:....  i..„..r.i';  .  ,         i. ".."..... 


livery 
iial 


YVI       lllill     liiVIII      ll>lll^     LI  II     Vf,ll       lll«<     L^llllll,^      Ml     llll'     1.  (lllll,Cllll|.^lll(\ll     I'  1 

ical  coid'ormily  to  a  {j;reat  variety  of  climates  and  peculiar  localilii , 

one  will  admit  he  impossihility  of  nseertaiiiiiijj  the  history  id'  their  oriifinal 
creation  I'rom  the  mere  natural  history  of  the  animals  theinsf-lves."  \ow, 
as  "  refractory  "  as  this  subject  is,  we  did  not  expect  to  see  it  liitliered  off 
upon  a  miracle,  because  this  was  the  easy  and  conveifn'iit  manner  in  which 
l»       ■  ■ 


tht 


•rstit 


„      ..       ,        ......,...^.  ......         ....V,  V..^  !,,„,.,....  ,      V...     .    ^,,,,      ... ...  ....,.,1 

nil-  >;i|..  ir.iiiioiis  of  every  a^o  accounted  t'or  (;very  thiiiii:  which  they  at  once 
could  not  comprehend.  And  we  do  not  e.xpect,  when  it  is  jj;ravely  aniioimeed, 
that  a  discovery  in  any  science  is  to  be  shown,  that  tll(^  undertaker  is  s;oinp 
to  tell  us  it  is  accomplished  by  a  miracle,  and  that,  therefore,  "he  knows  not 
why  be  should  be  called  upon  to  answer  obj(>ctions,"  &e. 

As  it  would  be  tedious  to  the  reader,  as  well  as  ineompatilile  with  our  ])lnn. 
to  (piote  larger  from  lAIr,  Ji'C'it//o/t's  book,  we  shall  finish  with  him  alhr  a  lev. 
remarks. 

We  do  not  object  to  the  ca|)aeity  of  the  ark  for  all  nuima'.s,  but  we  do 
object  to  its  introduction  in  the  ipiestion  undertaken  by  .Air.  .1/'('i(//o/i ;  for 
every  child  knows  that  atlair  to  have  been  niiraeulons  ;  and  if  any  part  of  the 
question  de|)eiide(l  upon  the  truth  or  liilsity  ofa  miracle,  why  plagia^  tiie  world 
with  a  book  of  some  500  paj^es,  merely  to  promiiljfate  sindi  a  belief,  when 
a  seiiieiice  would  be  all  that  is  required?  IS'o  one,  that  admits  an  overruliiiir 
l)ower,  or  the  e.xisienee  of  (Joil,  will  doubt  of  his  abiiitv  to  create  a  mvriad  of 

: 1 1  .,11 1 1 .1 1...  '.t.  ...     J- '.  .   I  i 


iiien,  iiioiiuii>,  and  all  matter,  by  a  breath  ;  or  tliat  an  ark  ten  liM't  squure  cnuk! 
contain,  comfortably,  ten  tlioiisaud  men,  as  well  as  one  ol'  the  dimensions 
given  in  Scripture  to  contain  what  that  did.  Therefore,  if  one  in  thesi<  days 
slioiild  make  a  book  expressly  to  explain  tiie  cause  of  the  diilirent  leiifrths  of 
days,  or  the  changes  of  the  seasons,  and  find,  after  he  had  written  a  vast  deal, 
that  he  could  in  no  wise  unravel  the  mystery,  and,  to  close  his  account,  de- 
clares it  was  all  a  miracle,  such  an  author  would  be  pn  ciselv  in  the  iir^'dica 
inent  of  IMr.  ArCidloli. 

*  Tlie  colubralcd  uutlior  of  Ijoclures  on  I'liysiulo^ij,  Zoulogy,  and  the  Natural  Ilistonj  of 
Mini. 


01 


ON   THR  ORKSIN  OF  Till;    INDIANS. 


[Itiii.k  I 


Wf  do  not  prctciiil  lint  tlii'  Hiil>jiTt  ciiii  In-  piirsucil  with  tlii'  r  rtniiity  of 
iiiailu'riiiitical  (•jilcnlatiims;  iind  mi  Ion;.'  iis  it  is  roiitt-iHlnl  tliiit  llif  wlioir  Hpc- 
cii'!t  ol"  man  spiiiiji  from  oik-  pair,  so  limj,'  will  tlii'  Miltjcct  ailinil  of  cuntrii- 

vcicy:  liirrcron'  it  makes  but  little  or  no  liiirerei wliellnr  tlie  inlial  iiant- 

nri)  ;.'ot  into  America  liy  the  iiortii  or  tlie  soiilli,  tlie  east  or  the  wisl,  as  it 
re;rarils  the  main  ipieslion.  I'or  it  is  \ery  eertain  that,  iC  tiiere  were  hiii  one 
pair  <)ri^'inall\,  ami  these  plaeed  upon  a  eertain  spot,  all  other  pJiieeH  white 
peoph'  are  now  lomid  mnst  have  heeii  settled  In  people  tioni  the  primitiM 
spot,  who  t'diind  llieii-  way  thithi'r,  some  how  or  otiar,  imd  it  is  very  iinimpui' 
tiiiit  llll^v,  as  we  ha\e  jiisl  (diserved. 

Lord  hoimin,  a  writer  «d'  iireat  ^'ood  sense,  has  not  omitted  to  say  some 
tliiiiir  upon  this  sidtjeei.*  He  ver\  jndi<'ioiisly  asks  those  who  maintain  tliai 
America  was  pinpled  Iroin  Kimiskatka,  whether  the  iidiahitimts  of  that  re^'ion 
speak  the  saoM'  lan;;:ia^'e  with  their  American  neiirhhors  on  the  oppo.^it«' 
shores.  'I'liat  they  do  not,  he  oitserves,  is  tnlly  eonlirmed  hy  recent  aceiPinit- 
Irom  tlietiee;  ami  "whence  we  may  conclude,  with  ^'real  certainty,  that  tin 
hitter  me  not  a  colony  of  the  rormer."f  \\  <■  have  conlirmation  upon  contirma- 
lioii,  that  these  nations  s|)eak  lan^Miajjes  entirely  ditrereiit;  and  lor  tiie  satisliic- 
tioii  of  the  cnrions,  we  will  give  u  short  voeidiidary  of  words  in  hoth,  with 
the  Kngiisii  against  them. 

/•J/ifif/w/i.  KamitkniUife.  »Veonlean.\ 

(•'od Nionstiehtchitrh Aghogocli. 

father Iskh Athaii. 

Mother Nius-kh Anaan. 

Son Pa-atch L'laan. 

Dimghter Songnins Aschkinii. 

IJrother Ktchidsen Koyota. 

Sister Kos-Kliou Angiin. 

llnslmnd Skoch On^liini. 

Woman Skoiia-nou Ai-ynpir. 

Cirl Kh-tchitchon Ougoohilikinii. 

Yonng  boy Pahntcli Anckthok. 

Child Pnhntchitcli Onskolik. 

A  man Onsknnms Toyocli. 

The  people Koiiaskon. 

Pereons Onsknamsit. 

The  liead T-Klionsa Kanighn. 

The  face Kona-agli,. Soghimnginn. 

The  nose Kaankang Anghosinn. 

The  nostrils Knanga Goiiakik. 

The  eye Nunit Tluick. 

After  ohserviiig  tliat  "there  are  several  cogent  argnments  to  evince  that  the 
Atiiericans  arc  not  descended  from  any  people  iti  the  north  of  Asia,  or  in  the 
uoilli  of  Europe,"  Lord  Kaimes  continnes, — "I  venture  still  further;  which  is, 
to  ennjectnre,  that  America  has  not  been  peopled  from  any  jmrt  of  the  old 
world."  IJiit  although  this  last  conjecture  is  in  unison  with  tiiose  of  many 
others,  yet  his  lordshij)  is  greatly  out  in  some  of  the  |)roofs  which  he  adduces 
in  its  support.  As  we  have  no  ground  on  which  to  controvert  this  o|)inion, 
wo  may  \w  excused  from  examining  its  proofs:  but  this  we  will  observe,  thai 
Lord  Kaimes  is  in  the  same  error  about  the  beardlessness  of  the  Americans  as 
some  other  learned  Europeans. 

The  learned  Doctor  Stnuton,§  in  a  dissertation  u\Hm  the  ])eopling  of  Ameri- 

*  See  his  •'  t<A'flclit's  of  tlie  Jlistory  of  Man,"  a  work  wiiicli  he  i)iil)hsheil  ia  177 1-,  ui  i'Am- 
burgh,  ill  2  vols.  ko. 

t  Vol.  ii.  71. 

t  The  Aleoiitcans  inhnbit  llio  rliain  of  isjantls  which  stretch  from  the  nortii-wcst  |ioinl  of 
America  inio  the  iieishl'orhood  of  Kuinskat'kn.  It  must  he  renieinliered  that  these  names  .iru 
in  the  French  ortliogrnphy.  fieiiiif  taken  from  a  French  translation  of  Jiilliiigs's  voyage  into 
those  resfions.  from  1785  to  I7!ll. 

5  Doctor  John  Sii>i>it<m.  the  eminent  author  of  many  parts  of  the  Ancient  Utiiversal  Ilix- 
tory.     He  ilicd  in  1777.  a^eil  71. 


riiu' 


^••ri 


villi  t)i(<  riTlniiity  of 

I   Jlldl  III.'    WlKlll-Nfl,.. 

!•••»  ii.liiiit  ol'  (■(iiitro- 

'•"•r  tlic  iiiliiiliitiiits 
^t  <<r  tlic   wt  ml,  lis  it 

tln'r<'  Will-  liiii  oil,. 

olltir  plaiTH  wli.r,. 

lioiii  ilic  |)iimitiv(. 
I  it  is  vcrv  utiiiii|ioi'. 


i»y  ri'ct'iif  iiccuuiir> 
'  nilaiiity,  tlmt  tlic 
ion  upon  coiidiiii,,. 
mil  lor  tlic  .satisdic- 
kvunls  ill  liotli,  will. 


iii,ff  of  Aiiiori- 

i»  i'ili;  111  IMiii- 


Cm  » •• 


11 


O.N  Tin;  oKKii.x  or  Tin*  indi  vnh. 


n 


on, 


III  :tniir  o 
il 


illiT  Htatiiiir  till'  ililVcn'Ml  o|iinioiis  of  various  aiillitirs  \\lio  liavc  advoratrd 
t'  ilic  "ilis|icrHc<l  |icii|i|c,"  tlic  I'liti'iiiriaiis,  ami  oilier  nan  cm  inti.tuM, 


(lltsrrxt'-* 


Home 


lluil,  ilicictiirc,  till'  Amcrieaiis  in  ;.'i'iicral  were  desei  inji  <l  Irom 
)icitiile  \\lio  iiilialiiteil  a  eiiiiiiiiy  not  so  tJir  ilislaiil  liiim  tic m  as  i'jL'ypt 
mill  I'Liciiiiia,  our  leaili  is  will,  as  we  a|i|ireliciiil,  naililv  ailiiiil.  Now,  no 
(•oiinUN  ean  lie  piielieil  ii|iiiii  so  proper  ami  coiiveiiiiiit  lor  lliis  piiiposc  as  the 
iiorlli-ea;-tern  part  III'  Asia,  pariieiilarly  li'rcat  'I'ariaiy,  Sili.  ri,i,  and  nmr  •  es| 


ni\\\\  llie  penin 


Ilia  111"  Kainlselialka.     'I'lial     niilialilv   was  llic   trail  l!iioii<rh 


wliieli  iiiaiiv  'raitarian  eoloMi.s  passcil  into  Aliieriea,  and  peopleii  die  most 
eoiisidi  lalile  |>art  of  ihe  new  wurlil." 

'I'liis,  il  is  not  to  lie  denied,  is  the  most  rational  way  of  irelliiifr  inlialiilants 
into  Ana  rica.  il"  it  niiist  lie  allowed  that  il  was  peojiled  liiim  the  "old  world." 
Hill  it  is  not  ipiite  so  easy  III  aeeoiint  lor  the  existence  ol' i  ipiainrial  animals 
in  Ameriea,  when  all  aniliors  apce  that  they  never  eiuild  have  parsed  thai 
wa\,  as  iliev  eoiild  not  have  survived  the  eoldnoss  of  the  eliniaie,  at  any  m'a- 
Hni  of  the  vear.  Mnicover,  the  Mieahid.iry  we  ha\e  jrivc  n,  if  it  prove  any 
lliiii;'-.  proves  that  either  the  iiihaliiianis  of  \orlh  Ameriea  did  m  t  eomc  in 
from  the  north-west,  or  that,  if  ihey  did,  some  iinkmiwn  cause  must  have,  liir 
ages,  suspended  all  commimieation  helwcen  the  emigrants  and  tic  ir  amestors 
upon  the  nci^'lihorini;  shores  of  Asia. 

Ill  Ir^'**,',  iliirc  ajipeared  in  London  a  work  which  allracted  soino  alleiition, 
as  must  works  lane  ii|iiiii  similar  siihjcels.  Il  was  entitled,  "  Di  seriplion  of 
the  ruins  of  an  aneieiit  city,  discovered  near  l'alem|iie,  in  the  kin^zdoni  of 
(I'liatemala,  in  Spanish  Ameriea :  translated  from  the  original  maniiserii>l  re- 
port of  J'apt.  Dim  .Inlnnit  Ihl  liio :  t'ollowcd  hy  a  critir.d  inves;ifratioii  and 
research  inlo  the  llistnni  of  Iht  Aimricnns,  by  Dr.  Paul  I'lix  Cabrera,  of  tin; 
city  of  New  (Jiial  niala." 

(aptain  Ihl  liio  was  ordered  hy  the  f^panish  king,  in  the  year  17H(i,  to 
make  an  e\:iminatioii  of  ^vhatev(M°  ruins  he  mi<;lit  find,  which  he  accordingly 
did.  I'rom  the  manuscript  he  left,  which  aOcrwards  f  11  inlo  the  hands  of 
Doctor  Cabrrni,  his  work  was  composed,  and  is  that  part  of  the  work  which 
concerns  ns  in  oiir  view  of  systems  or  conjeclmes  concerning  the  peopling  of 
Ancrica.  We  shall  he  short  with  this  antlior,  as  his  system  dillirs  very  iiliJK 
from  some  which  we  lia\e  already  sketched,  lie  is  very  confident  that  he 
has  Si  tiled  the  i|nestioii  how  South  America  received  its  iiihahitants,  namely, 
froMi  the  I'hienicians,  who  saif'il  across  the  Atlantic  Ocean, and  that  the  rninecj 
city  ilescrii'cd  hy  Captain  Dd  liio  was  hiiilt  hy  the  first  adventurers. 

boetor  Cahrtra  calls  any  system,  which,  in  his  vii'w,does  not  harimini/e  witi' 
the  Seiiptiiri  s,  an  iiinovalion  upon  the  "holy  Catholic  ri^ligioii;"  and  rather 
than  n  sort  to  any  such,   he   says,  "It   is  lietter  to  li'licNc  his  [(Joil'sl  work.s 


miraculous,  than  endeavor  to  make  an  ostentatious  display  of  our  talents  hy 
the  cimninir  invention  of  new  systems,  in  allrihuling  lliem  to  natural  eauses."f 
The  s  line  reasoning  w  ill  apply  in  this  case  as  in  a  fornu'r.  If  we  are  to  at- 
Irihnte  everv   thing  to   miracles,   vvhercfon^    the    necessitv   of  investiiraiion  ? 


T 


lesc  aiitlioiH  are  fond   of  investigating  matters  in  their  wav,  hut  are  dis- 


plcasfil  if  others  take  the  same  iihcrly.  And  should  we  liillnw  an  author  in 
Ills  tlieiiries,  who  cuts  ihc  whole  husii.  "ss  short  hy  declaring  all  to  he  a  mira- 
cle, w  hell  he  can  no  longer  gro|ie  in  the  lahyrinth  of  his  own  foriiiiiiir,  our 
reader  \voii!(l  l)(>  just  in  condemiiing  such  waste  of  liim\  \\'lieii  »;verv  thing 
which  w(>  cannot  at  first  sight  understand  or  com|irelii  nil  must  not  he  in- 
quired inlo,  from  siipeot'tinus  doulcs,  then  and  tlicrewill  he  lixeil  the  ho.  da 
of  all  science  ;  hut,  as  l,oril  Hi/ron  said  upon  annther  occasiun,  ?k)/  till  then. 
"If  it   lo  allowed  (says    Dr.    I/.\wrk,.\ce) t   ll">t  idl   men   are   of  the  same 


81)CI 


it  docs  not   follow  that  llicv  are  all  descended  from  the  same  finiilv. 


We  have  no  data  lin- determining  this  point:  il  could   indeed   oiil\  he  settled 


bv 


a  knowl  'dire  of  ficts,  w  liicli   liav"  long  jigo  heen   involved   in  the  impene- 


trahle  darkness  of  aniiipiiiy."     That  climate  ha.s  nothing  to  lU)  with  the  coiii- 
pIc\ioii,  he  oHers  the  following  in  proof: — 


'  I'niversal  His. 


*  UiiiviTsaJ  llislory,  XX.  Ki'J,  l(i;?. — Soo  M,ili»ii'.s  cililioii  ol"  linsiirll's  Life  Vi:  Jolnison, 
V.  271.  eil.  ill  .J  V.  I'Jiiii).  Loiiiloii,  lu-'i. 
t  I'iigo  .M>.  {  l.ccuiros  oil  Zoology,  &c.  U2.  cd.  Hvo.  Saleni,  lii28. 


INDIAN  ANKClMVrKM  AND  NAKUAIIVKS. 


[MnoK    I. 


"Tlio  I'Htnltlmliiiii'titH  of  till)  r.iin>|)<>niiH  in  Ahiu  iiikI  Amt'rini  linvo  now  mil)- 
aJHtfil  itlioiit  thr«M;  contnrit'N.  yaaifutz  tie  (Sniiui  luntltid  at  Ciilinir  in  ll!>H; 
■ml  (Ih<  l'()rtu)(ii<>H4;  i>tn|>ii'n  in  India  wiin  t'Diinilitl  in  tint  Iti'^inniiiK  of  tin-  tid- 
lownif(  (M'ntiny.  Hra/.ii  wuh  disciivi>rnl  and  takm  pDHNCNNion  nf  liy  tin'  Niino 
nation  in  ilio  v»'ry  lirnt  yi'ar  of  ilii<  ititli  ccniniy.  'I'owanlH  tin-  <nd  of  tli*> 
irttli,  hnd  tliu  l)"^innin^  of  tin*  Ititli  iciitiiiN,  T'o/itm/xM,  Cortiz,  and  I'izitrro, 
Ktili|ii;{;i(i>d  for  till*  SjianiardH  tin-  Wrst  Indian  islandN,  with  tli*'  i-iniiiirM  of 
Mexico  and  I'ciii.  Sir  H'ttUer  Hulrsrh  idanti'd  an  KiifjIiMli  roloiiy  in  Virginia 
ill  1.184  ;  and  tlio  Frencli  Hi'ttliMiii'iit  of  Canada  \u\h  rather  a  later  date.  The 
colonists  have,  in  no  instance,  a|iiir<iacliei|  to  the  natives  of  these  coiintrieN: 
and  till  ir  di  sceiidantH,  where  the  lilood  has  liien  kept  pure,  have,  at  this  time, 
the  same  eliaracters  as  native  Iviropeaiis."  * 

The  eminent  antiipiary  l)e  H'dl  Cliiilon]  siippoHeil  that  the  nnritMit  works 
found  in  this  eoimtiy  were  siinilar  to  those  sii|iposed  to  he  Roman  liy  Pennant 
ill  Walex.  lie  adds,  "The  Danes,  as  well  an  the  nations  vvliieh  erected  oiir 
fortifications,  were  in  all  picdiahility  of  Scythian  oriffin.  According  ?o  Plinif, 
the  nami!  of  Scythian  waH  cuiiiiiion  to  uU  the  nations  living  in  tiiu  north  of 
Aaia  and  Europe."  f 


9000e 


CHAPTER  III. 

Anecdotes,  jyarrativet,  S^-c.  Uluitrative  of  the  Mitnners  and  Customs,  Anti^Uias  and 

Traditions,  of  the  Indians. 

IVil. — Ar»  Ottnwny  chief,  known  to  tlio  French  by  the  n  mie  of  ff'hilijohn, 
was  a  great  drimkard.  Count  t^ontenac  asked  him  what  In  thought  brandy 
to  \w>  made  of;  he  n'plied,  that  it  must  be  made  of  heart.*  and  tongues — 
"For,"  said  ho,  "when  I  have  drunken  plentifully  of  it,  my  heart  is  a  thousand 
Btrnng,  and  I  can  talk,  too,  with  aHtonishing  freedom  and  rapidity."  t 

Honor. — A  chief  of  the  Five  Nations,  who  fought  on  the  side  of  the  Kn^lisli 
in  the  French  win's,  chanced  to  meet  in  battle  his  own  t'«ilier,  who  was  fight- 
ing on  the  side  of  the  French.  Just  as  he  was  about  to  ileal  a  deadly  blow 
upon  his  head,  he  discovered  who  ho  was,  and  said  to  liim,  "You  have  once 

{fiveii  me  life,  and  now  I  give  it  to  you.     Let  me  ni(  et  you  no  more;   fori 
lave  paid  the  debt  1  owed  you." 'J 

Rerklcisncss. — In  Connecticut  River,  nliout  "200  mils  from  Long  Island 
Sound,  is  u  narrow  of  .5  yards  only,  formed  by  two  shelving  moiintaihs  of 
solid  rock.  Through  this  chasm  are  coinjielied  to  pass  all  the  wat^  rs  which 
in  the  time  of  the  Hoods  bury  the  northern  coiiiitiy."  It  is  a  friglitlid  paijsiige 
of  uliout  400  yards  in  length.  No  boat,  or,  as  my  author  expic  sses  it,  "  no 
living  creature,  WHS  ever  kiio.vn  to  pass  ibrongli  this  narrow,  except  an  Indian 
woman."  This  woman  bad  miderlaken  to  cross  tlu;  rivi  r  just  above,  and 
aldiongli  she  had  the  god  Bacclnm  by  her  side,  yi  t  Neptune  prevailed  in  spite 
of  their  united  efforts,  and  the  canoe  was  hurried  down  (be  frightful  gulf. 
While  this  Indian  woman  was  thus  bun-yiiig  toceriaiii  desiiiietioii,  as  she  had 
every  reason  to  expect,  she  seized  upon  In  r  bottle  of  rum,  iiiul  liiil  in  t  take  it 
from  her  mouth  until  the  last  drop  was  ipiafled.  SIk-  w  :s  iiiarvellonsly  pre- 
so>  vcd.  and  was  actually  jiicked  up  srveral  miles  bi  low,  float. iig  in  the  canoe, 
KiW  quite  drunk.  When  it  was  known  what  si.e  had  done,  and  bi  ing  asked 
tiow  she  dared  to  drink  so  much  mm  with  the  |  ros|)('ct  of  certain  death  befiire 
licr,  she  answend  that  she  ki  ew  it  was  too  much  for  oni^  lime,  Lnt  she  was 
unw  illing  that  any  of  it  should  be  lost.  || 

*  I.erturns  on  /oology,  &c.  4fil,  4<)5.  rd.  Rvo.     Snirm,  !fi'2H. 

f  A  Mfinnir  cm  the  Aiitiqnilie.i  of  the  Western  Parts  of  the  State  of  N.  York,  pagc.i  9,  Ift 
8vo.     Albany,  I8f8. 
t  Uiiiversal  Museum  for  17C3.  $  Ibid.  ||  Pelers's  llisl.  Coiincclicut. 


Jusll 
dny,  III 

wigNMl 

the  cllj 

two  lii| 
when 
it  lVo/| 
"Sh- 
(<>mI,  \I 

SI'tll     III 

iiiiliK 
.\dini-| 
una- 
\tiii  >ii| 
III  pio  1 
a  I'.itigil 

W('ll'lil( 

bciiii.'  t 

olVl'ICll 

Indiin 

agr.'i'iii 

habitat 

he  liKil 

lloiTor 

inbuniii 

rcipiiti'i 

when 

lainti'iu 

dog!'" 

"  U  is  n 

ofCliri 


K.S. 


[Hook   I. 


•  ririi  linvn  now  niil). 
i«t  Ciiliciif  ill   IDiH: 

•  riniiiiiX  (.(•  till'  Jlil- 
Nioii  of  liy  ||„.  K„„„, 
iiIh  tlif  ,.|„|  of  t|,„ 
^'orhz,  ami  Pizurro, 
viti)  tlM(  ••iin(in.,s  «>(■ 

«'«>l()ny  ill  V'iijfiiii,, 

•  »  lal.T  (late.  Tli,. 
i>f  tlicMo  (■(iiiiitricN: 
',  liuvc,  utt)ii8  tiinc, 

tli<'  aiiciciif  works 
lioiiiaii  Uy  Ptnnmt 
wliicli  «'rf<-to(l  oiii 
icconliiig  to  Plinif, 
ig  in  tlio  north  of 


Chkt.  Ill 


INDIAN   ANK(IM»Ti:S   ANI>  NAllU\TIVKS. 


Il> 


WW,  Antiquities  and 

in)e  of  ff'/iilejohn, 
T  tlionjflit  brandy 
i.<  luul  toiifrucH — 
cart  is  u  tlH)u^Ulll(l 
i(lity."t 

lie  ofthoKiirrlisIi 

r,  wlio  was  hfrlit- 

iil  a  (li-adly  hlow 

^'oii  liavc  oiic« 

no  more ;  lor  I 

>iH  Lon<r  Island 
r  nioiinrairiH  of 
i;  \vat.  n*  which 
•i^liKiii  pai-H.i^fe 
prcHscH  ii,  "no 
vcj"  "n  Indian 
just  ahovc,  and 
oMiili'd  in  spitfi 
1^  rri<.ditfiil  fjiilf. 
i<iii,  as  sIh'  had 
dill  IK  t  take  it 
rvciloiitsly  pip. 
a  in  the  caiioc, 
d  1)1  iii<r  asked 
n  death  beloru 
<■,  lilt  shi!  was 


'O'/C,  ();i;rp.s  !)^  I0_ 

I.  Coiiiicciicut. 


jj,gf{ff,^\  iniio<io!inry  ri-Hidiiij?  anions  iiri«rraiii  irilM-  of  IndianH,  wan  ono 
dnv,  aOei-  III'  Imd  Imm-ii  pr«Mirliiii«  U>  tln-iii,  iiniied  l.y  their  rhirf  (u  \  .h-.I  \u» 
wiif'^Miii.  AOiT  haviiiir  lieeii  kindly  entertained,  and  lieiii^  altoiii  to  depart, 
till'  ehi  flc.i.k  Idiii  hy  llie  hand  ai.d  "said,  "  I  liase  vei'V  Imil  Mqiiaw.  She  hail 
two  liilli-  ehililreii.  One  she  loved  well,  the  other  she  hated.  In  a  eold  iiiu'ht, 
when  I  was  ^'one  hnntinu  in  the  woods,  she  shut  it  out  of  the  wiifwain,  aiuj 
it  (io/e  to  de.ith.  What  iiiiist  hedoni'with  her?"  The  mis.Hionaiy  replied, 
"She  inir-t  he  haiiKed."  "Ah!"  said  tiio  cliiei;  "go,  llion,  and  hung  yoiit 
(ioil,  whom  yon  make  jnst  lik«!  her." 

Miiriiitiiiinili/.  -A  himler,  in  his  wandiriii-.'s  for  frame,  IMI  anion^r  the  Jmek 
sitti  nieiits  of"\  iifiiiiia,  iniil  liy  reason  of  tin  inelemiiwy  of  the  weather,  was 
indue  d  to  seek  r 'fuffe  at  liie  hoiife  of  a  planter,  ulioiii  he  met  at  his  door. 
Admis.ion  was  n  fused  him.  M<  in;;  hotli  huin(ry  and  thiixly,  he  asked  for  a 
morsil  of  hreiid  and  a  eup  of  wiiler,  hut  was  aii.-iwered  in  every  ('as:-,  "No! 
\ou  vhall  have  nolhiii;.'  here!  dl  iiaii  fronr,  i)(iu  In  linn  (/oif.'"  It  happmed, 
III  pro 'ess  of  time,  that  this  same  plant  r  lost  himself  in  the  woods,  and,  aller 
a  tiitivuiui;  day's  travel,  he  eanie  to  an  Indian's  eahin,  into  whii-h  he  was 
welcomed.     <  >n  iiKpiiriiijj  the  way,  and  the  distance  to  the  white  settlenentH, 

heiiiLT  told  hy  thi;  Indian  that   Ik iild   not  ^o  in  the  iii^lit,  aiai  hein^'  kindly 

olli'icd  lodiriiif;  and  victuals,  he  <,'ladly  refreshed  and  reposed  li'iiisi'll"  in  tim 
Indian's  cah  ii.  In  the  morning',  he  ciaiducted  him  through  the  wildernesH, 
a^r.-eahly  to  his  promise  the  ni;,'ht  h  tore,  until  they  came  in  slLdit  of  tliu 
hahilations  of  the  whitcH.  .Ah  he  was  alioiit  to  take  his  leave  of  tl.'e  planter, 
he  jnokeil  him  full  in  the  tiiee,  and  a.sked  him  if  h«)  did  not  kn:iw  liin:. 
Horror-struck  at  tindin;;  hiniH  If  thus  in  the  power  of  a  man  he  luui  ho 
inhumanlv  ti'cated,  imd  duiiih  with  shame  on  thinking;  of  the  manner  it  wii!" 
reipiited,  lie  hejraii  at  leiiffth  to  niako  excusi-s,  and  he>;  a  thousand  pardcniH, 
when  the  Indian  interrn|it<'d  him,  and  said,  "  When  yon  see  poor  IiidiaiiH 
liiinti'itf  l(.r  a  cup  of  cold  water,  don't  say  airain,  '(iet  yon  gone,  you  Indian 
do;;!'"  lie  then  dismiss.'d  him  to  return  to  his  frieiwls.  IVIy  author  adds, 
"  It  is  not  difViciilt  to  Hav,  which  of  these  two  luid  the  hest  claim  to  the  name 
of  Christian."* 

Ihrr/illon. — The  captain  of  n  vessel,  linviii);  a  <leHire  to  make  a  prcsniit  to  u 
Indy  of  some  line  orangcH  which  he  had  just  hronght  from  "the  Hii'ar  I'^landH," 
gave  them  to  an  Indian  in  liiH  employ  to  carry  to  her.  Lest  lie  Hliou!d  not 
perli)riii  the  otiice  pmictMally,  he  wrot ;  a  leit  r  to  her,  to  he  taken  aloni;  with 
the  present,  that  she  might  detect  tin;  hi>arer,  if  he  should  tiiil  to  deliver  the 
wh(d  •  of  what  In;  waH  intrusted  with.  The  Indiiin.  during  the  joiirnoy, 
reflicted  how  lie  Khoiijd  refresh  himself  with  the  oranges,  aimi  not  lie  foiuul 
out.  Not  iiaving  any  apprehension  of  tint  manner  of  communication  t>y 
writing.  In;  concluded  that  it  was  only  necessary  to  keep  his  design  secret 
from  the  I  ttiM-  itself,  supposing  tiiat  would  toll  of  him  if  he  did  not;  he  tliere- 
f')r(!  I.iid  it  upon  tin!  groinul,  and  rolled  a  large  Ntone  upon  it,  and  retired  to 
some  (list  nice,  where  In;  regaled  himself  with  several  of  the  oranges,  and  then 
proceeded  on  his  journey.  On  delivering  the  retnaiinhir  and  the  letter  to  the 
lady.  slie  asked  iiim  where  t!ie  rest  ot'  the  orang  h  were;  he  said  ho  had 
deiiv  r 'd  ail ;  slie  told  him  tliat  the  letter  siiil  there  were  sevend  more  sent; 
to  wiiic'i  he  aiiswereil  thatthi^  l.'tter  Ii 'd,  and  i;he  must  not  heliuve  it.  IJul  lie 
was  s.ioM  confronted  in  his  falsoliood,  and,  begging  forgiveness  of  the  oilince, 
was  pardoned. f 

Slffw  Inrss. — As  Governor  Joseph  Dnllry  of  Massnelmsetts  was  superiti 
tnnJiiiir  si^ine  of  his  workmen,  lur  nxik  notiie  of  an  able-bodied  liMliim,  who, 
h  ill'-iiak  (I,  would  coiiK!  and  look  on.  as  a  pastime,  lo  see  his  men  work.  The 
gov  rnor  t  lok  occasion  one  d;iy  to  iisk  him  whi/  he  ilil  not  work  nn  I  ssd  anme 
dolh  a,  ivhcr  iv'th  to  rover  fi'msc!/.  The  Indian  answered  by  asking  \un\  whf 
he  (II I  nd  work.  Tint  governor,  |)oiiit  iig  with  his  finger  to  his  head,  sin. I,  "  / 
work  hint  work,  and  so  have  no  need  to  work  with  my  hamls  ns  you  should." 
The  Indian  then  said  he  would  work  if  any  <.no  would  employ  him.     TJio 

*  Ciiri-ii's  IMiistMim,  vi  'W>. 

t  Uiing'i.  Voyage  lo  N.  England  ia  1709,  8vo.    London,  1726. 


v.* 


20 


INDIAN  ANECDOTES  AND  NARRATIVES. 


[Rook 


3 


govornor  told  l)im  he  wniitcd  a  calf  killed,  nnd  tliut,  if  he  wonh]  go  and  do  it, 
he  would  irive  liiiii  a  sliilliiiir.  lie  accciitcd  {\,v  otler,  and  went  iimiicdiattly 
and  Uilli'd  llie  calf,  and  then  went  saniitciing  almnt  as  hefore.  Tiie  froveiiior, 
on  olis(i-\iti!f  what  ho  had  done,  asked  liiiii  why  ho  did  not  dress  the  calf 
heforc  he  IcU  it.  The  Indian  answered,  ".\«,  no,  Coponoli ;  tiiat  was  not  in 
the  harirain  .  I  was  to  liavc  a  shiliin;^  lor  killinjj;  him.  .'im  he  no  diad,  Copon- 
ohP^  [^'overnor.]  'i'he  <jovernoi",  sccinfr  hinisrif  tlms  outwitted,  told  him  to 
dress  ir,  nnd  lie  wonld  jiive  him  another  shilliiifr. 

'J'his  (lone,  and  in  jiossession  of  two  shillin<;s,  the  Indian  goes  directly  to  n 
fp'og-shoj)  for  rum.  After  a  short  stay,  he  returned  to  the  gcncrnor,  and  told 
him  he  had  given  him  a  had  shiHing-|)iece,  and  presented  a  hrass  one  to  he 
exciianged.  The  governor,  thinking  possiltly  it  might  have  heeii  the  case, 
gave  him  an<!ther.  It  was  not  long  hefore  he  letm'ned  a  si cond  time  with 
another  hrnss  shilling  to  he  exchanged  ;  the  goNcrnor  was  now  coii\  inced  of 
his  knavery,  hut,  not  caring  to  make  words  at  the  thne,  gave  him  another: 
and  thus  the  fellow  got  four  shillings  for  one. 

The  governor  detirmined  to  hav(^  the  rogue  corrected  lor  his  ahuse,  and, 
meeting  with  him  soon  after,  told  him  he  must  take  a  letter  to  Hoston  jitr  him 
[and  ^'ave  him  a  liitlf  a  crown  for  the  service.]  *  The  h-tter  was  directed  to  the 
keeper  of  hridewell,  ordering  him  to  give  fla;  hean-r  so  many  l!\slies  ;  hiit, 
mistrusting  that  all  was  not  exactly  agreeahle,  and  meeting  a  servant  of  the 
governor  on  the  road,  ordered  him,  in  the  name  of  his  master,  to  carry  the 
letter  iunnediately,  as  he  was  in  haste  to  return.  Tlu>  consequence  was,  tliis 
servant  got  egregionsly  whip|)ed.  When  the  governor  learned  what  had 
taken  place,  he  felt  no  little  chagrin  at  heing  thus  twice  outwitted  hy  the 
Indian. 

He  did  not  st  e  the  fellow  for  some  time  nfler  this,  but  at  length,  falling  in 
with  him,  asked  him  hy  what  means  he  had  cheated  and  deceived  him  so 
many  tini(s.  Taking  the  governor  again  in  his  own  play,  he  answered, 
pointing  with  his  (uiger  to  his  h(>ad,  "  Head  work,  Coponoli,  head  work!"  The 
governor  was  now  so  well  [)leasi  d  that  he  foigavc  the  whole  offence.f 

EijuaUtij. — An  Indian  chief,  on  heing  asked  wlieiher  his  people  were  free, 
answered,  "Why  not,  since  I  myself  am  free,  although  their  king?"| 

Matrimony. — "An  aged  Indian,  who  for  many  yeni's  had  spent  much  time 
among  the  white  people,  botii  in  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  one  day, 
about  the  year  1770,  ol'served  that  the  Indians  had  not  only  a  much  easier 
way  of  getting  a  wife  than  the  whites,  hnt  also  a  mon;  certain  way  of  getting 
a  goo  I  one.  'For,'  said  he  in  broken  English,  'white  man  court — court — 
may  he  one  whole  year  ! — maybe  two  yean  before  he  marry!  Well — mav 
be  then  he  get  very  good  wife — Jint  may  hi;  not — may  be  very  cross!  Well, 
now  suppose  cross !  scold  so  soon  as  get  awake  in  the  morning!  scold  all 
day! — scol.l  until  sleep! — all  one — he  must  keep  him! — White  people  have 
law  forliidding  throw  away  wi((>  he  be  ever  so  cross — must  keeji  him  alwavsl 
Well,  how  does  Indian  do?  Indian,  when  he  see  hulustiious  scjuaw,  he 
go  to  him,  place  his  two  fore-fingers  close  aside  each  other,  make  two  like 
one — then  look  sipiaw  in  the  face — see  him  smil" — this  is  all  one  he  say 
yes  I — so  he  tak(>  him  home — no  danger  he  be  cross  I  No,  no — s(piaw  know 
too  well  what  Indian  do  if  he  cross!  throw  him  away  and  take  another! — 
Squaw  love  to  eat  meat — no  husl)and  no  meat.  Sipiaw  do  every  thing  to 
please  husband,  he  do  every  thing  to  please  scpiaw — live  happy.'  "^S 

TnliraHon. — In  the  year  1701,  two  Creek  chi  Is  accompanied  an  American 
to  Engl.Mid,  where,  as  usual,  they  attracted  gn  at  attention,  and  ninny  flocked 
around  them,  as  well  to  learn  their  id(>is  of  c(  rtain  things  as  to  hehol  1  "the 
savages."  B.  ing  aSAcd  tin  ir  o|;inion  of  ri  ligion,  or  of  what  religion  thry  were, 
one  made  ai!sw(  r,  that  tliey  had  no  pri(  sis  in  their  country,  or  rstal  lished 
religion,  f  r  they  ihoutdit,  that,  upon  a  suhjeet  where  there  \mis  no  postjh'.lity 
of  peophi's  agreeing  in  opinion,  and   as   it   was  altogether  matter  of  mere 


.■/■fi 


S 


*  A  "t'lilciice  iidilcd  ill  a  version  oC  lliis  aiiucdoli'  in  Cmi'ii's  Miisciiin,  \',.  204. 
■f  f'n'nir.  Ill  siipni.  120.  \  Carry's  .^lu^jcum,  vi.  482. 

^  lltckeicdder's  Hist.  hid.  Nations. 


ES. 


[Rook  I 


!  woiiM  ^,>  jiiul  do  it, 
III  went  iiiiiiicdiatcly 
lore.  Tlie  irovci-iior, 
<l  not  dress  tlic  (•■•ilr 
lo// ;  tliat  was  not  in 
III  he  )w  dead,  Copon- 
lUviited,  told  liiiii  i,, 

III  goes  diroctly  to  n 
'  j(o\ cnior,  anil  toM 
<'<!  a  lirass  one  to  lie 
lavo  liccii  tlie  case, 
a  srcoiid  liino  Avitli 
s  now  coMx  iiicpd  of 


ft" 


ivc  liini  anoili 


t'r: 


li>r  Ills  aliiisc,  an(i, 
■r  toKostoM  (ill-  hiiii 
■was directed  to  tlie 

many  laslie's ;  hnt, 
iiiff  a  servant  of  tlie 
master,  to  enrry  tliu 
!ise(]iienr(!  was^  tliis 

li'arncfl  wliat  liad 
e  outwitted  hy  the 

nt  lenjrtli,  (Idling  in 
d  deceived  liiin  so 
>lay,  ho  answered, 
head  icork  !  "  The 
le  off'ence.f 

!  people  were  free. 


king  ?  "  \ 


spent  much  time 
V  Jersey,  one  da^, 
lily  a  innch  easier 
liii  way  of  getting 
in  court— eoint— 
rry!  Well— ma  v 
ery  cross !  VVcll, 
orning!  scold  all 
^iiite  p(-ople  iiave 

'ep  him  always! 
trions  sipiaw, 'he 
make  two  like 
all  one  h(>  say 

') — sf|iiaw  know 

lake  another  I — 
ever}   thing  to 

'•I  an  Amerienn 

d  nniiy  flneki'd 

to  helinl  I  "the 

iiiion  they  were, 

,  or  estal  lished 

iio  |)os(  ilillity 

matter  ol*  mrre 

482. 


1 

i 
4 


Chap.  HI] 


INDIAN   ANIXDOTF.S  AND   NARRATIVEg. 


21 


4 


opinion,  "  it  was  hest  that  every  one  should  |)addle  his  canoe  his  own  way." 
Here  is  a  volume  of  instruction  "in  u  short  answer  of  u  savage! 

Justice. A  wliite  trader  sold  a  quantity  of  powder  to  an  Indian,  and  im- 
posed upon  him  by  making  him  believe  it  was  a  grain  whicli  grew  like  wheat, 
l)v  sowing  it  upon  the  ground,  lie  was  greatly  elated  by  the  ju-osjieet,  not 
oiilv  of  raising  his  own  powdt  r,  but  of  being  able  to  sup|)ly  otiiei-s,  and  there- 
by "becoming  frnmensily  rich.  Having  prejiared  his  ground  with  great  cure, 
he*  sowed  fiis  powiler  with  the  utmost  exactness  in  the  spring.  Month  after 
month  passed  away,  but  his  powder  did  not  even  sproMt,  and  winter  came 
before  he  was  satisfied  that  Ik;  had  been  deceived.  He  aaui  nothing;  but 
.some  timeafier,  when  the  trader  had  forgotten  the  trick,  the  same  Indian  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  credit  of  him  to  a  large  amount.  The  time  set  for  payment 
having  e.\|)ire(l,  he  sought  out  the  Indian  at  his  residence, and  demanded  pay- 
ment Ibr  his  good.s.  Tlie  Indian  heard  bis  demand  with  great  complaisance; 
then,  looking  him  shrewdly  in  the  eye,  .said,  "wWe  pay  you  tvhen  mij  powder 
srowP  This  was  enough.  The  guilty  white  man  (luickly  retraced  liis  steps, 
satisfied,  \\(;  up[)reheiid,  to  balance  his  account  with  the  cliagriu  ho  had  re 
c.eived. 

Hiinlinu:.—  The  Iifdians  had  methods  to  catch  gv.rne  which  served  them  ex- 
tremely well.  The  same  month  in  which  the  Mayflower  brought  over  the 
forefitliers,  November,  Iti^O,  to  the  shores  of  Pliniouth,  several  of  theiti 
ranged  about  the  woods  near  by  to  learn  what  the  country  contained.  Having 
wandered  farther  than  they  were  ajiprized,  in  their  endeavor  to  return,  they 
say,  "  We  were  shrewdly  pu/zled,  and  lost  our  way.  As  we  wandered,  we 
came  to  a  tree,  where  a  young  sprit  was  bowed  down  over  a  bow,  and  some 
acorns  strewed  underneath.  Stephen  Hopkins  said,  it  had  been  to  catch  some 
deer.  Ho,  as  we  were  looking  at  it,  fVilliam  Bradford  being  in  the  rear,  when 
he  came  looking  idso  ujion  it,  and  as  he  went  about,  it  gave  a  sudden  jerk  up, 
anil  he  was  immediately  caught  up  l)y  the  legs.  It  was  (they  continue)  a  very 
pretty  device,  made  with  a  rope  of  their  own  making,  [of  bark  or  some  kind 
of  roots  probably,]  and  having  a  noose  as  artificially  made  as  any  rojier  in 
England  can  make,  and  as  like  ours  as  can  be ;  which  we  brought  away 
with  us."* 

Preaching  against  Practice. — John  Simon  was  a  Sogkonate,  who,  about  tho 
year  1700,  was  a  settled  mini.<ter  to  that  tribe.  He  was  a  man  of  strong  mind, 
geneially  temperate,  but  sometimes  remiss  in  the  latter  particular.  The  fol- 
lowing anecdote  is  told  as  characteristic  of  his  notions  of  justice.  Simo7t, 
on  nc{!Oui;t  of  his  deportment,  was  created  justice  of  the  peace,  and  when  dif- 
ficulties occurred  involving  any  of  bis  peoj)le,  he  sal  with  the  English  justice 
to  aid  in  making  up  judgment.  It  happened  that  Simon^s  squaw,  with  soino 
others,  had  committed  some  oftenc^e.  Justice  -ilniy  and  Simon,  in  making  up 
their  minds,  estimated  the  amount  of  the  oflence  differently ;  .^/mir/ thought 
each  should  receive  eight  or  ten  stripes,  but  Simon  said,  "No, /our  or  Jive  are 
enough — Poor  Indians  are  ignorant,  and  it  is  not  Christian-ltke  to  pnnish  so 
hardly  th^se  who  are  ignorant,  as  those  who  have  knowledge."  Simon\t  judg- 
ment |)ievailed.  When  Mr.  Almy  askiul  John  how  many  his  wife  sJiould 
receive,  ho  sidil,  "Double,  because  she  h'ld  knowledge  to  have  done  better;''^  but 
Colonel  Mmy,  out  of  regard  to  John^s  fielings,  wholly  remitted  his  wife's 
l)nni.-liment.  John  looked  very  si  rious,  and  made  no  rejily  whil(>  in  presence 
of  the  court,  but,  on  the  finst  fit  opportunity,  remonstrated  vei-y  severely 
against  his  judgment,  and  said  to  him,  "  To  what  purpose  do  we  preach  a  reli- 
gion of  justice,  if  tvc  do  unrighteousness  in  jn  :'f;tmntP 

Sam  Hide. — There  arc  few,  we  imagine,  who  have  not  heard  of  this  per- 
,<oiiage;  but,  notwithstanding  his  great  notoriety,  we  might  not  be  thought 
serious  in  the  rest  of  our  work,  were  we  to  enter  serioufly  into  his  !)iogrnpliy; 
for  the  reason,  that  from  his  day  to  this,  his  name  has  been  a  by-word  in  all 
New  England,  and  means  as  iiiucli  as  to  sjiy  the  greatest  of  liars.  It  is  ou 
urcount  of  the  fiillowing  anecdote  that  he  is  notieeiK 

*  Moun'b  l{,i;lalioii. 


22 


INDIAN   ANKCDOTES  AND  NARRATIVES. 


[Rook  I. 


Sam  Hlfc  was  ii  notorious  (;i(lt'r-(lriiikt'riis  wril  as  liar,  and  used  to  travel  tin- 
.'oiintry  to  and  li'o  l)c},'jrinf!;  it  from  door  to  door.  At  one  time  lu;  lia()|)<'nc(i 
ai  a  rcfiion  of  country  where  cider  was  \ery  liard  to  bi-  |)ro(  nred,  either  i'rorii 
Its  scarcity,  or  iit)rn  .S'a/n's  f're(|nent  visits.  However,  cider  In;  was  determined 
to  have,  if  lying,  in  any  shape  or  color,  wonid  ^nun  it.  IJeinji:  I't't  <J'i'  ''oni 
tlie  honse  of  an  ac(|iiaintance,  who  he  knew  hail  cider,  hut  he  knew,  or  va5 
well  salisfa'd,  that,  in  the  ordinary  way  of  bejririn^',  he  conid  not  jret  it,  he  set 
his  wits  at  work  to  lay  y  plan  to  insnre  it.  TJiis  did  not  occupy  him  Iomj.'. 
On  arrivini,'  at  tin?  house  of  the  jrentleman,  instead  of  a!<kin<f  for  cider,  he  in- 
quired for  th(^  man  of  the  house,  whom,  on  appearinj;',  Sam  re<|ueste(l  t<»  go 
aside  with  him,  as  he  iiad  .sonK'tliin<;  of  importance  to  conmumicate  to  him. 
When  tliey  were  by  themwelvi's,  Sam  told  him  he  had  that  morniii",' shot  a  fine 
doer,  and  that,  if  he  would  ijive  him  a  crown,  he  woidd  tell  him  w  la  re  It  was. 
The  gentleman  did  not  incline  to  do  this,  but  offered  hall'  a  crosvn.  Finally, 
Sam  said,  as  he  had  walked  a  great  distance  that  morning,  and  was  very  d 'v, 
for  a  iialf  a  crown  and  a  mug  of  cider  he  would  tell  him.  This  was  agreed 
upon,  and  tlie  |)rice  |)aid.  Now  Sam  was  r(M|uired  to  point  out  the  spot  w  hero 
the  deer  was  to  bft  fouiul,  which  ho  did  in  this  manner.  He  snid  to  his  friend. 
You  know  of  such  a  meailow,  describing  it — Yes — You  know  a  bisrash  tire,  with 
a  ii'g  lop  1)1/  the  little  brook — Yes — ff'ell,  under  tlint  tree  lies  the  deer.  This  was 
satisfactory,  and  Sam  de[)arted.  It  is  unn(!cessary  to  mention  that  the  mcvidow 
was  H)un(l,  anil  the  tree  by  the  brook,  but  no  deer.  The  duped  man  couli! 
hardly  contain  liimself  on  considering  what  he  had  been  doing.  'J'o  look 
after  Sam  for  satisfiiction  woidd  be  worse  than  looking  after  the  deer,  so  the 
farmer  concluded  to  go  home  eontt>nted.  Some  years  after,  he  linp|)ened  to 
fall  in  with  tlu;  Indian ;  and  he  immediately  began  to  rally  )um  for  de<u'iving 
bim  so,  and  demanded  back  his  money  and  pay  lor  his  cider  and  trouble, 
/r/ii/,  said  Sam,  icoidd  you  find  faidt  if  Indian  told  truth  half  the  time  / — No 
—  ff'ell,  mxys  Sam,  you  find  tiim  meadow'.^ — Yes — You  find  him  tree'^ — Yes — 
What  for  then  you  find  fault  t^am  Hide,  ju/ioi  he  told  you  two  truth  to  one  lie'} 
Th(^  aftiiir  eiuled  here.     Sam  heard  no  more  from  th(>  farmer. 

This  is  but  one  of  the  numerous  anecdotes  of  Sam  Hide,  which,  could  they 
be  collected,  would  fill  many  pages.  He  died  ii\  ')edliam,  5  January,  \7.V2, 
nX  the  great  age  of  105  years.  He  was  a  great  jester,  and  passed  for  an  un- 
conmion  wit.  In  all  the  wars  against  tin;  Iiidinns  during  !iis  lifetime,  he 
served  the  English  faitldully,  and  had  the  name  of  a  brave  soldier.  lie  had 
himself  killed  19  of  the  eneujy,  and  tried  liard  to  make  up  the  20tli,  but  was 
unuble. 

Characters  conlrasted. — "An  Indian  of  the  Keiniebeck  tribe,  remarka- 
ble for  his  good  conduct,  received  a  grant  of  land  from  the  state,  and  fixed 
himself  in  a  new  township  where  a  niniiber  of  families  were  settled.  Though 
not  ill  treat«'d,  yet  the  common  prejudice  against  Indians  ])reveiited  any  sym- 
pathy with  him.  This  was  shown  at  the  death  of  his  only  child,  when  none 
of  the  f)eo|)l(;  came  near  him.  Sliortly  atlerwards  he  went  to  some  of  the 
inhabitants  and  wiid  to  them,  Jrhen  white  man^s  child  die,  Indian  man  he  sorry 
— he  help  bury  him. —  JfTien  my  child  die,  no  one  speak  to  me — /  make  his  s^rave 
alone.  I  can  no  lire  here.  He  gave  up  his  fiu'ui,  dug  up  the  body  of  his  child, 
and  carried  it  with  him  200  miles  th'-ough  the  forests,  to  join  the  Canada 
Indians ! "* 


A  ludicrous  Error. — There  was  published  in  London,  in  17(>'-?,  "Tiik 
Amkrican  Gazettf.eu,"  &c.t  '"  which  is  the  following  account  of  Uiusroi,. 
|{.  I.  "  A  county  and  town  in  N.  England.  The  ca|)ital  is  remarkable  for  the 
Kinijc  of  Spain^s  having  a  palace  in  it,  and  hrinsj:  killed  there;  and  also  i()r 
Crown  the  ]»oet's  begging  it  of  Charles  II."  The  blunder  did  not  rest  here, 
but  is  found  in  "Thk  N.  Amkiiican  and  the  Wkst  Indian  (iAZF.TTFKH,"};  &'»". 
Thus  Philip  of  S|)ain  seems  to  hav(^  bad  the  misjhrtune  of  being  mistaken  for 
Philip  of  the  Wampanoags,  alias  Pometacom  of  Pokauoket. 


I 


*  Tiulcir's  I,p|(crs  on  llic  Enslorn  Sinlcs,  '.'14. 

i  '2<l  edition,  12mo,  Luatlun,  1788,  ulitu  uiumyinous. 


t  3  vols.  12ino.  wilhoul  name. 


;s. 


[Hook  J. 


Chap.  HI  ] 


OF  CUSTOMS  AND  BANNERS. 


23 


(I  used  to  travel  tlu- 
lime  lu>  li(i|)|)ciit'd 
x'lirt'd,  citlicr  fmin 
Im>  nas  (It'tcniiiiicil 
Hciiiff  not  (ill-  (roiti 
It  lie  knew,  or  wmt 
1(1  not  jrct  it,  lie  s('t 
occiipy  liiiii  loMi'. 
!■,'  i'or  cider,  Ik;  ii'i- 
fiii  r(M|ii('sti'(l  to  <^«u 
iniiiiiiiicatc  to  liini. 
iioriiiiii.'-sliot  a  (iiic 
liiin  wlicrc  it  was. 
I  crown.  Finally, 
and  was  very  i\'\, 

'J'liis  was  airrccd 
[>iit  tlie  s|iot  wlitTi' 
!  .sjiid  to  ills  friend, 
a  biir  ash  tire,  icilh 
he  deer.  Tliis  was 
I  that  the  meadow 
(hipcd  man  conid 

doin<;'.  'J'o  look 
r  the  deer ,  so  the 
'r,  he  happened  to 
him  for  de(U'ivini( 
•ider  and  lroiil)le. 
ilj'  the  fime  \^ — No 
him  tree"^ — Yes — 
i'o  truth  to  one  lie '} 
r. 

which,  could  they 
5  January,  \7,\% 
passed  for  an  un- 

liis  lifetime,  he 
soldier.  lie  had 
:lio  20tli,  but  was 

tribe,   remarka- 

stat«',  and  fixed 
jsettled.  Though 
|vented  any  sym- 
[hild,  when  none 

to  sont(>  of  the 
nan  man  he  sorri/ 

mahe  his  scrave 
Ixly  of  Jiis  child, 

oin  the  Canada 


Ji  mp,  "Tiff. 
lint  of  Ukistou 
liarkable  lor  the 
];  and  also  i!»r 
not  resl  here, 

jKTTFKIi,"!  &C. 

i\g  mistaken  for 


without  iiiimc. 


tied,  m.//u»-  here,  an.l  forthwith  .leparted  from  the  country.  I  he  ndians, 
Invin"  iuard  these  words,  retained  them  in  tluMr  memories,  and,  when  the 
I'VeuHi  cam<>  anion-  lliem,  made  use  of  them,  proimlily  liy  way  ol  salutation, 
not  uuderstaiidiii!;  th.ir  import;  and  l hey  were  supposed  by  the  voyajvers  to 
b(.  the  name  of  the  .■onntrv.  It  was  only  necessary  to  drop  the  hist  letter, 
,Mid  use  the  two  words  as  tw'o  svllal)les,  and  the  word  Canada  was  compl.-te. 

15ut  as  lon-r  a<-o  lus  when  Father  Charlei'oix  wrote  his  admirable  History 
Ol-  Yew  f'mwT,  he  added  a  not(^  upon  the  derivation  of  the  name  Canada, 
ill  which  he  said  some  derived  it  from  an  Iro(|iiois  word  meaniii!!  an  asseni- 
l)la"e  of  hoiises.t  Doctor  J.  R.  Forster  lias  a  learned  note  upon  it  also,  in  his 
valuable  account  of  Voijasres  and  Discoveries  in  the  AoW/i.  He  objects  to  the 
.■ka  Mi:ht  orijriii,  becaiise,  in  Spanish,  tltt;  word  for  here  is  not  ara,  but  nqui, 
and  that  to  form  Canada  from  Aqninada  would  be  forced  and  unnatural.  Vet 
he  s:iys,  "  In  ancient  maps  we  oft(>u  find  Ca :  da  ,\ada,"  that  is.  Cape  Notliing. 
"Hut" from  a  Canadian  [Indian]  vocabulary,  annexed  to  tl'ie  orifiinal  etlition 
of  the  second  voyajre  of  Ja(iiics  Cartier,  Paris,  1545,  it  ap])ears,  that  an  assem- 
blage of  houses,  or  lial)italioiis,  i.e.  a  town,  was  by  tlu;  natives  called  Canada, 
earlier  says,  //:  apinlknl  une  I'ille— Canada.''  Mr.  Heckewelder  is  of  much 
the  same  opinion  as  Charlevoix  and  Forster.  He  says,  that  in  a  ))rayer-book 
in  the  Mohawk  languaf,'*',  he  read  ".Ve  K\y\D\-^ongh  Komvayatsk  .Vazarelh," 
which  was  Ji  translation  of  "in  a  city  called  Nazareth." 

Oriiri""  of  the  Xamc  Yatikee. — Anbury,  rtn  author  who  did  not  resjiect  the 
Americans,  any  more  thtm  many  otli(>rs  who  have  been  led  captive  by  them,  hns 
tli<!  following  paraj,Maph  upon  this  word  |— "The  lower  class  of  tliesi;  Yan- 
jtfP,, — iipropos,  it  may  not  be  amiss  here  just  to  observe  to  you  the  etymology 
of  this  term  :  it  is  derived  from  a  Cherokcje  word,  eankke,  which  signifies 
coward  and  slave.  This  epithet  of  i/ankce  was  bestowed  upon  the  inhabitants 
of  \'.  I'jigland  by  the  \irginians,  ti)'r  not  assisting  them  in  a  war  with  the 
Clierokers,  and  they  have  always  been  held  in  derision  by  it.  But  the  name 
lias  been  more  jirevalt  lit  since  [177;")]  the  conmiencement  of  hostilities;  the 
soldiery  at  Hoston  used  it  as  a  term  of  reproach  ;  but  al\er  the  alliiir  at  Hun- 
ker's Hill,  the  Americans  glorietl  in  it.  Yankee-doodle  is  now  their  |)(ean,  a. 
favorite  of  favorites,  played  in  their  army,  esteemed  as  warlike  as  the  grena- 
dier's march — it  is  the  lover's  spell,  the  nurse's  lullaby.  After  our  rapiil  suc- 
cesses, we  held  the  yankees  in  great  contempt;  but  it  was  not  a  lit;!.-  morti- 
fying to  hear  them  play  this  tune,  when  their  army  mardicd  down  to  our  sur- 
render." § 

Hut  Mr.  Heckewelder  thinks  that  the  Indians,  in  endeavoring  to  pronounce 
the  name  /•J/ig/(>/i,  could  get  that  sound  no  nearer  than  these  lettei*s  give  it, 
yengees.    This  was  |)erhaps  the  true  origin  of  Yankte. 

.7  singular  Stratngeni  to  escape  Torture. — "Some  years  ago  the  Pliawano 
Indians,  b.  iiig  obliged  to  remove  from  their  habitations,  in  their  way  took  a 
Muskohge  warrior,  known  by  the  name  of  old  Scra.-iiy,  prisoner ;  they  bas- 
tinadoed him  severely,  and  condemned  him  to  the  fiery  torture.     Ho  imder- 

*  The  aulhors  who  Imvo  a<lo|)U'(l  this  oninioii,  are  Doctor  Mather,  [Mnffiinlia,  I?,  viii.  71  ;] 
Ilirri..  [\'oyii!;cs.  ii.3-1-11  ;]  .1/,.//,  [Coos  li.  I'.ll;]  ./.  l.-uifr,  [Voxa-jos  a)i<l  Travols,  2  ;J  lioz- 
man.  [Maryraiiil,  ',Vi ;]  Motilttui.  [Si.  ^'ork,  i.  131  ;]   Martin,  [Louisiana,  i.  7.] 

,fiissfli/ii  and  Jiilriis  ^('(  in  lo  In-  willioiU  company  as  well  as  aiilhorilies  lor  iheir  (l'.'ri\aiiiiiis. 
Tiic  rornuT  [N.  I'^nu'land  liarilics,  .)]  says,  ('aiiada  was  '' so  caihid  I'roin  Monsieiip-  Cane." 
Tlie  l.illi-r  [llisi.  Aiui'rica,  1  j  says.  '•  (^aihida,  in  llio  bidiail  laiiguajje,  sigiiilies  the  Mtnilli  of 
Ihf  t'oiiiitiij,  I'rnni  (■((//,  inoiitli.  and  a<ta,  llio  counlry." 

]  (iiu'li|nt's-iuies  derivont  ee  noni  du  iiiol  Iroijiiois  Karmaia,i\\x'\  se  pronoiicc  eav.ida,  el  sig- 
iiilit'  nn  anias  de  ral>annes.     Ilixt.  Xoiir.  France,  i.  !). 

t  Travi'Li  lhrnii<rh  tlir  Inlrriar  Parts  (f  North  America,  1770,  &c.  vol.  ii.  M\,\l.  A'i!<iinj 
was  an  officer  in  Geneial  liuriroijne's  army,  and  was  among  the  captives  siiin-iidcicd  ai 
Saratdira. 

^  Tins  derivation  is  almost  as  ludicrous  as  that  g-iveii  by  Iivitig  in  his  Knickerbocker. 


24 


ANECDOTES,  tie,  ILLUSTRATIVE 


[Book  1. 


"illi 


went  a  grent  deal  witliout  sliovvhifr  any  coiiceni ;  his  countenance  and  beha- 
vior were  us  if  he  siiHi-red  not  the  least  puui.  He  told  his  persecntora  with  n 
bold  voice,  that  he  was  a  warrior ;  that  he  iiad  gained  most  of  his  martial 
reputation  at  the  exfjcnse  of  their  nation,  and  was  desirous  of  showinjr  the ni, 
in  the  act  of  dying,  that  he  was  still  as  much  their  superior,  nn  when  he  headed 
liis  gnilnnt  countrymen  :  that  although  he  had  fallen  into  their  liands,  and  for- 
feited the  protection  of  the  divine  povve«-  by  some  impurity  or  otlier,  whiii 
carrying  the  holy  ai'k  of  war  against  his  devoted  enemies,  yet  he  hud  so  mucli 
remaining  virtue  as  would  enable  him  to  punish  himself  more  exquisitely  than 
all  their  despicable,  ignorant  crowd  possibly  could;  and  that  he  would  do  so, 
if  they  gave  him  liberty  by  untying  him,  and  handing  him  one  of  the  red-hot 
gun-barrels  out  of  the  fu-e.  The  proposal,  and  his  method  of  address,  appeurcd 
80  exceedingly  bold  and  uncommon,  that  his  request  was  granted.  Then 
suddenly  seizing  one  end  of  the  red-hot  barrel,  and  brandishing  it  from  sid; 
to  side,  leaped  down  a  prodigious  steep  and  high  bank  into  a  branch  of  tli  • 
river,  ilived  through  it,  ran  over  a  small  island,  and  passed  the  other  branch, 
amidst  a  shower  of  bullets  ;  and  though  nund)ers  of  his  enemies  were  in  close 
pursuit  of  bin),  he  got  into  a  bramble-swamp,  through  which,  though  nakctl 
and  in  a  mangled  condition,  he  reached  his  own  country." 

• 

An  unparalleled  Case  of  Suffering. — "The  Shawano  Indians  captured  a 
warrior  of  the  Anantoocah  nation,  and  put  him  to  the  stake,  according  to  their 
usual  cruel  solemnities:  having  unconcernedly  suffered  much  torture,  he  told 
them,  with  scorn,  they  did  not  know  how  to  [xmish  a  noted  enemy;  therefore 
he  was  willing  to  teach  them,  and  would  confirm  the  truth  of  his  assertion  if 
they  allowed  him  the  opportunity.  Accordingly  he  requested  of  them  a  pipe 
and  some  tobacco,  which  was  given  him  ;  as  soon  as  he  had  lighted  it,  he  sat 
down,  naked  as  he  was,  on  the  women's  burning  torches,  that  were  within  his 
circle,  and  continued  smoking  his  pipe  without  the  least  discomposure:  On 
this  a  head  warrior  leaped  up,  and  said,  they  saw  plain  enough  that  he  wjus  a 
warrior,  and  not  afraid  of  dying,  nor  should  he  have  died,  only  that  he  was 
both  spoiled  by  the  fire,  and  devoted  to  it  by  their  la\vs ;  however,  though  he 
was  a  verj'  dangerous  enemy,  and  his  nation  a  treacherous  people,  it  should 
be  seen  that  they  paid  a  regard  to  braveiy,  even  in  one  who  was  marked  with 
•war  streaks  at  the  cost  of  many  of  the  lives  of  their  beloved  kindred  ;  and  then 
by  way  of  favor,  he  with  his  friendly  tomnhuwk  instantly  put  un  end  to  all  his 
pains."  * 

Ignorance  the  Offspring  of  absurd  Opiniotts. — The  resolution  and  courage  of 
the  Indians,  says  Colonel  Jiogcrs,  "under  sickness  and  pain,  is  truly  surpris- 
ing. A  young  woman  will  l)e  in  labor  a  whole  day  without  uttering  one 
groan  or  cry ;  should  she  betray  such  a  weakness,  they  would  immetliately 
say,  that  she  was  unworthy  to  be  a  mother,  and  that  her  offspring  could  not 
fail  of  being  cowards."  f 

A  JVbrthem  Custom. — When  Mr.  Heame  was  on  the  Coppermine  River,  in 
1771,  some  of  the  Copper  Indians  in  his  company  killed  a  number  of  Esqui- 
maux, by  which  act  they  considered  therjselves  unclean  ;  and  all  concerned 
in  the  murder  were  not  allowed  to  cook  any  provisions,  either  lor  themselves 
or  others.  They  Avere,  however,  allowed  to  eat  of  othei-s'  cooking,  but  not 
until  they  had  painted,  widi  a  kind  of  red  earth,  all  the  s|)ace  between  their 
nose  and  chin,  as  well  as  a  greater  part  of  their  cheeks,  almost  to  their  ears. 
Neither  would  they  use  any  other  dish  or  pipe,  than  their  own.  | 

Another  Pocahontas. — While  Leiois  and  Clarke  were  on  the  shore  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  in  1805,  one  of  their  men  went  one  evening  mto  a  village  of 
the  Killamuk  Indians,  alone,  a  small  di?.ance  from  his  party,  and  on  the 
opposite  side  of  a  creek  from  that  of  the  encampment.  A  strange  Indian 
happened  to  be  there  also,  who  expressed  great  respect  and  love  for  the  white 


Chap. 

man  ; 

Tills  \i 
'  dctcrmi 
to  niuf 
him  i>> 
niiin  hi 
staiidinl 
and 

beranitl 
man  kii 


1^ 


4 

i 


*  The  two  preceding  relations  are  from  I.ontj^'s  \'oiji'geii  aTid  Travfls,  72  nnd  73,  a  hook  of 
small  pretensions,  but  one  of  the  best  on  hidiiin  liistorv,  hs  aiitlior  lived  among  the  Indians 
of  the  North-West,  as  an  Indian  trader,  about  19  years. 

t  CotwiM  Account  of  N.  America,  212.  X  Journey  io  the  Northern  Ocean,  206. 


[Book  1. 

intenance  and  bcha- 
i  persecutora  witJi  n 
iiost  of  liis  ijiartinl 
s  of  sliowin^r  tli'jin, 
,  as  when  lie  lieadcd 
lit'ir  Jiaiuls,  and  thr- 
rity  or  otJier,  « Inn 
ret  he  hail  so  niiicli 
ore  exquisitely  th.iu 
lat  he  would  do  so, 
one  of  the  red-liot 
f  addrcsh,  uppofirrd 
as  granted.     Then 
lishing  it  from  sid; 
ito  a  hrunrh  of  tJi  ■ 
I  the  other  bnuioli, 
inies  were  in  cIosl- 
ich, though  naked 

idians  captured  a 
according  to  their 
ich  tortiu-e,  he  told 
enemy ;  therefore 
of  his  assertion  if 
ed  of  them  a  pipe 
[1  lighted  it,  he  sat 
It  were  within  his 
iscomposm-e :  On 
igh  that  he  wjls  a 

only  that  he  was 
wever,  though  he 

people,  it  shoidd 
was  markcfl  with 
indred ;  and  then 

ail  end  to  all  his 

and  courage  of 
is  truly  surjjris- 
r»ut  uttering  one 
M  inimediately 
•ring  could  no't 


OF  MANNERS  ANH  CUSTOMS. 


25 


niine  River,  in 

iber  ol"  Esqui- 

ull  concerned 

lor  themselves 

)oking,  but  not 

between  their 

t  to  tiieir  ears. 

4 

e  shore  of  the 
ito  a  village  of 
r,  and  on  the 
strange  Indian 
for  the  white 


nd  73,  a  hook  of 
long  ihe  Indians 

n  Ocean,  S06. 


:hap.  Ill  ] 

^S^man  •  but  in  reality  he  meant  to  murder  him  for  the  articles  he  hud  about  him. 

llTiiis'happoniMl  to  come  to  llie  knowledge  of  u  Ciiinnook  woman,  anil  she 

Wdctcrmii'cd  at  once  to  save  hi.^  life :  llieretbre,  when  the  whiter  man  was  about 

^  to  return  to  his  com|mnions,  tiie  Jndian  was  going  to  accompany  Inn;,  and  kill 

him  in  the  wav.     As  they  wire  alioii'  to  set  out,  llie  woman  caught  the  white 

man  bv  the  clothes,  to  prevent  his  going  with  the  Indian.     Me,  not  uiider- 

staiiiliirir  her  intciitioii,  i)ulle(l  away  from  her  ;  but  as  n  last  r<'~.    '.  she  ran  out 

and  shrieked,  wliicl.    raised   tin;  men    in  every  direction  ; 

became  alarmed  for  his  own  safety,  and   made  his  escape 

man  knew  he  had  been  in  danger. 


.      1    the    Indian 
before  the  while 


a  noted  chief  of 
his  countrymen. 


Sdf-commairl  iti  Time  of  />rt/!,i;Tr.— Tli-re  was  in  C'aroliii,' 
the  Vamoisces,  who,  in   the  year   I70*i,  with  about  tlOO  oi  . 

went  with  Colonel  Daniel  and  Colonel  .Voore  against  the  Spaniards  in  I'lori- 
da.  His  name  was  .Irratominakdw.  When  the  English  were  obiiirid  to 
abandon  their  imdertaking,  and  as  they  were  retreating  to  their  boats,  they 
l)ecame  alarmed,  supposing  the  Spaniards  wer.<  niton  them,  .liratominitkaw, 
having  arrived  at  the  boats,  was  reposing  himself  upon  his  oars,  and  was  fisl 
asleep.  The  soldiers  rallied  him  for  being  so  slow  in  his  retreat,  and  ordered 
him  to  make  more  haste :     "Hut  he  re[)lieiL  'No     .hough  vour  oovKiivoa 

LEAVES  you,  I  WILL  NOT  STIR  TILL  I  HAVE  SEEN  ALL  MY  MEN  BEFORE  ME.'  " 

Indifference, — Archihau  was  a  sachem  of  Maryland,  whose  residence  Avas 
upon  the  Potomack,  when  that  country  was  settled  by  the  English  in  ll>'{.'3-4. 
The  place  of  his  residence  was  named,  like  the  river,  Potomack.  As  usual 
with  the  Indians,  he  received  the  English  under  Governor  Calvert  with  great 
attention.  It  should  be  noteJ,  that  .'Irehihnu  was  not  bead  sachem  of  the 
Potomacks,  but  gover;ied  iiiLtead  of  his  nephew,  who  was  a  child,  and  who, 
like  the  bead  men  of  Virginia,  wjis  called  wirowance.  From  this  plaro  the 
colonists  sailed  20  leagues  farther  up  the  river,  to  a  i)lace  ca^led  Piscattaway. 
Here  a  werowance  went  on  board  the  governor's  jjimiace,  to  treat  with  him. 
On  being  asked  whether  he  was  willing  the  English  should  settle  in  his 
country,  in  case  they  found  a  place  convenient  tor  them,  he  made  answer, 
^'  I  loili  not  bid  you  go,  neither  toill  I  bid  you  stay,  but  you  may  use  your  oivn 
discretion."  * 

Their  JVotions  of  the  Learning  of  the  JfTiites. — A*  tin;  congress  at  Lancaster, 
in  1744,  l)etween  the  government  of  Virginia  and  the  Five  Nations,  the 
Indians  were  told  that,  it  they  would  send  some  of  their  young  men  to  Vir- 
ginia, the  English  would  give  them  an  education  at  their  college.  An  orator 
replied  to  this  offer  as  follows: — "We  know  that  you  highly  esteem  the  kind 
of  learning  taught  in  those  colleges,  and  that  the  maintenance  of  our  young 
men,  while  with  you,  would  be  very  expensive  to  you.  We  are  convinced, 
therefore,  that  you  mean  to  do  us  good  by  your  ])roposal,  and  we  thank  you 
heartily.  But  you  who  are  wise  must  know,  that  ditferent  nations  have  differ- 
ent conceptions  of  things ;  and  you  will  therefore  not  lake  it  amiss,  if  our  ideas 
of  this  kind  of  education  happen  not  to  be  the  same  with  yoiii-s.  We  have 
liad  some  experience  of  it:  several  of  our  young  people  were  formerly  brought 
up  at  the  colleges  of  the  northern  provinces ;  they  were  instructed  in  all  your 
sciences ;  but  when  they  came  back  to  us,  they  were  bad  runners ;  ignorant 
of  every  means  of  living  in  the  woods;  unable  to  bear  either  cold  or  hunger ; 
knew  neither  how  to  build  a  cabin,  take  a  deer,  or  kill  an  enemy;  spoke  our 
language  imperfectly ;  were  therefore  neither  fit  for  hunters,  warrioi-s,  or 
counsellors;  they  were  totally  good  for  nothing.  We  are,  however,  not  the 
less  obliged  by  your  kind  ofP-r,  though  we  decline  accepting  it:  and  to  show 
our  grateful  sense  of  it,  if  the  gentlemen  of  Virginia  will  send  us  a  dozen  of 
their  sons,  we  will  take  great  care  of  their  education,  instruct  them  in  all  we 
know,  and  make  men  of  them."  f 

Success  of  a  Missionanf. — Thosi;  who  have  attempted  to  Christianize  the 
Indians?  complain  that  tliey  are  too  silent,  and  that  their  taciturnity  was  the 
greatest  difliculty  with  which  they  have  to  contend.    Their  notions  of  pro- 


*  Oldinijccn,  [Hist.  Maryland.] 
o 


t  Franklin's  Essay.; 


2G 


ANKrnOTEH,  u:r.,  iM.rsTKA'i'ivr. 


[Hook  I 


Oil  V 


pricty  upon  innltrrs  of  coiivcrsatidii  an;  so  nice,  tli;it  tlioy  dootii  it  improiMT, 
ill  till-  liiirlicst  (l('i,'nM',  even  to  deny  or  coiitriilici  any  Unwj;  that  is  said,  at  tin.' 
time:  and  liciicc  tlic  dilliciiity  of  i<iio\viiij'  ''at  cllrct  any  tliiiiir  li'is  npoi, 
tiicir  minds  iit  tlio  time  of  delivery.  In  \iu  .  tiiey  iiave  a  propi  r  ad\anfai:c; 
l<)r  iiow  orteii  does  it  liappen  tiiat  p(!o|)le  would  answer  very  (litferently  upon 
a  matter,  were  they  to  consider  iijioii  it  l>iit  a  short  time!  Tlii-  Indians  sildijin 
answer  a  matter  of  iinportanet'  the  same  day,  lest,  in  so  doiiijr,  tliey  should  lie 
thoiii,dit  (o  have  treated  it  as  thonirh  it  was  ot" small  eoiise(pienee.  ff'c  oftein  r 
rejient  ol"  a  hasty  decision,  than  that  we  have  lost  tinu"  in  matiirinjr  our  jikIl:- 
nu'iiis.  Now  li)r  the  anecdote:  and  as  it  is  from  the  Essuys  of  Dr.  i'V«)i^7ui, 
it  shall  1)0  told  in  his  own  way. 

"A  Swedish  minister,  liaving  assembled  the  chiefs  of  the  Suscpiohannali 
Indians,  made  a  sermon  to  them,  acipiaintinj^  them  with  the  ])rinci|)al  historical 
ficts  on  which  our  reliufion  is  tiiinided  ;  such  as  tlit;  lidl  of  oiir  first  parents  hy 
oatin;^'  an  ap|)le ;  the  comiii<r  of  Christ  to  repair  tin;  iiii-t'liief;  his  mirailis 
and  siiir.'riii!;",  «i;c. — When  he  had  tiiiished,  ai>  Indian  orator  stood  np  tn 
than!;  him.  '  H'hal  i/ou  have  told  its,''  said  he,  ')',«  all  vin/  ixooif.  It  is  imlccd 
had  It)  (III  tipples.  It  is  Intkr  to  make  them  all  into  ei'ler.  fie  are  mvrh  ohli^il 
hit  your  kindm ss  in  coming  so  far  to  tell  lis  those  things,  which  you  have  heard 
Jrom  your  mothers.'' 

"When  the  Indian  had  told  the  missitmary  one  of  the  legends  of  liis  nation, 
how  they  had  been  siipjilied  with  mai/c  or  corn,  i)oans,  and  tobacco,*  he 
treated  it  w  ith  contem|)t,  and  said,  '  What  I  delivered  to  yon  were  sacred 
truths;  but  what  yon  tell  me  is  mere  lable,  fiction,  and  falsehood.'  Tlio 
Indian  felt  intlijinant,  and  replied,  ^.My  brother,  it  seems  your  frienls  hare  nM 
done  you  justice  in  your  education  ;  they  have  not  well  instructed  you  in  the  rules 
of  common  civility.  You  see  that  we,  who  understand  and  practise  those  I'ules, 
believe  all  your  stories :  why  do  you  refuse  to  believe  ours .' '  " 

Curiosity. — "  When  any  of  the  Indians  ooino  into  onr  towns,  onr  poo])!o  aro 
apt  to  crowd  round  them,  gaze  ni)on  them,  and  incommode  them  wben;  they 
desire  to  be  |)rivato ;  this  they  esteem  great  rudeness,  and  the  effect  of  tin; 
want  of  instrnction  in  the  rules  of  civility  and  good  manners.  '  Jl'e  have,'  say 
they,  'a.9  much  curiosity  as  ynu,  awl  when  you  come  into  our  towns,  we  wish  for 
opportunities  of  looking  at  you;  but  for  this  purpose  we  hide  ourselves  l>ehind 
bushes  u'hire  you  are  to  pass,  and  never  intrude,  ourselves  into  your  company.''" 

Rules  of  Conversation. — "The  business  of  the  women  is  to  take  exact  iio;ice 
of  what  passes,  imprint  it  in  their  memories,  (for  they  have  no  writing,)  and 
commnnicate  it  to  their  (diildren.  They  are  the  records  of  tin;  council,  and 
they  preserve  tradition  of  the  stipulations  in  treaties  a  hundred  years  back; 
whieli,  when  we  compare  with  our  writings,  we  always  find  exact.  He  that 
would  sjieak  rises.  The  n -t  observe  a  profound  silence.  When  be  has 
finishi'd,  ai.-d  sits  down,  they  leave  him  live  or  six  minutes  to  recollect,  that,  if 
be  has  omitted  any  thing  he  intended  to  say,  or  has  any  thing  to  add,  he  may 
ris:;  again,  and  deliver  it.  To  interrupt  another,  even  in  comiiion  conversa- 
tion, is  reckoned  highly  indecent.  How  diflerent  this  is  iiom  the  conduct  of 
a  ])olite  IJritish  House  of  (^onnnons,  when;  scarce  a  day  passes  without  some 
eoid'usion,  that  makes  the  speaker  hoarse  in  calling  to  order ;  and  how  dill',  r.-iit 
from  tlie  mode;  of  co:iversation  in  many  ))olite  companies  of  I'<uro|)e,  where, 
if  you  do  not  deliver  your  sent<iiee  with  great  rapidity,  you  are  cut  otf  in  the 
midilli!  of  it  by  the  impatient  loquacity  of  those  you  converse  with,  and  never 
sutiired  to  finish  it!" — Instead  of  being  better  since  the  days  of  Franklin,  we 
apprehend  it  has  grown  worse.  The  modest  and  unassuming  often  find  it 
exceeding  dilTicult  to  gain  a  hearing  at  all.  Ladies,  and  many  who  consider 
till  nisidves  examples  of  good  manners,  transgross  to  tin  insuHcrable  degree,  in 
breaking  in  upon  the  conversations  of  others.     Some  of  these,  like  a  ship 

*  Tlio  slorv  of  llio  licaiilifiil  womnn,  wlio  dcsopiidcd  to  liie  onrtli,  and  was  fi'd  hy  the 
Tiidian<,  lili(vk-Ilitirk  is  made  lo  toll,  in  liis  liCc.  pam-  71).  Il  is  lla-  samo  oflni  told",  and 
alliidi'd  lo  l>y  Fittii/rliii,  in  the  lo.vl.  'I'o  reward  llic  Indians  for  liicir  kindness,  siic  canscd 
corn  to  i;ro\v  when-  licr  riglil  liand  touched  the  earth,  beans  where  liie  left  rested,  and  tobacco 
wlicre  she  was  seated. 


M. 


^'  [Book  i 

ipy  doom  it  iinpropp,- 

"',tr  tli;it  is  .Slid,  at  thii 
■•my  tliiiiip  |i;,s  iijjo,, 

'  a  |>rf)|M  r  (Kivniit.iirc; 
v.-rv  (li(i;>n.|itly  ii|H,ii 

ilif  Iii(liaii.ss(li|,)iii 
iloin-r,  t.'it'v  sIk.mM  U. 
!"|"""fi>.  He  olh-iirr 
II  iiiatiiriiifr  (Mir  jud". 
sa^s  ol'  Dv,  Frimklm, 

)f  tli(<  Siis(|iiolianniili 
';"|""'";'i|>.il  liistorical 
roiir  lirst  parents  liy 
i-fliicf;  ills  iiiimclu,s 

I  orator  stood  up  to 

II  sj^ooJ.     It  it,  tnilcfii 
fie  are  murk  uhli^d 

vhich  you  have  heard 

'1,'ciids  of  liis  nation, 
■S  and  tohacoo,*  Ji,,. 
to  you  wt-rc  sacred 
id  fiilseiiood,'  TIk; 
lonr  frienis  have  not 
cfcd  i;ou  I'n  the  rules 
practise  those  rules, 


wns,  our  i)onp|(!  aro 
lo  tiieiii  wlien;  tliey 
111  tile  viYrrt  of  tlie 
I's.     '  He  hnve,^  say 

towns,  we  wish  for 
'lie  ourselves  behind 

your  compauT/.^ " 

o  talvc  exact  no; ice 
<;  no  writiii'r,)  and 
'f  tii(!  council,  and 

'li-cd  years  hack; 

<l  '■■Vii<'t.     I[(;  that 

Wiioii  Jie  has 

rceidleet,  that,  if 
';?  t(»  add,  lie  may 
oiiiinou  coiiversa- 
"  the  conduct  of 
scs  uiiiiout  some 
inid  lio\v<li)i;r,.,it 
f  Kiiro|)e,  w  liero, 
aro  ('ut  otf  in  tjio 
'  ■vvithj  and  never 

of  Franklin,  \vo 
'iiig  often  tind  it 
ny  wjio  considcT 
eral)le  de.r,.,.,.,  i,, 
itvsc,  i;ke  a  siiip 


(Chap 


III.] 


OF  CUSTOMS  AND  MANNERS. 


27 


Iff  down  the  sniali  cratl  in  her  course,  comn 
I  h 


driv.n  hv  a  iinrtli-wester,  hcarii 

upon   us  hy  siir|irise,  and  if  we  atieiiipt  to  proc(>e(l  by  raLsing  our  voices  u 


litlle,  we  are  sure  to  lie  drowned   hy  a  .'iiucli   <rreater  elevatio.'i  oi 


their 


part. 


nd  wns  fod  hy  ii,e 
me  oil. 11  loM',  and 
ii'Incs'j,  >lio  ciiiiscd 
•eslL'd,  and  tobacco 


it  is  a  want  of  ffood  hreediii>r,  which,  it  is  hoped,  every  youu<x  person  whose 
V  iiiei't,  w  ill  not  he  <ruilly  of  through  life.     There  is  great  ojtpor- 


evi'  this  Ilia 
tunit\ 


I'or  many  of  mature  years  to  profit  hy  it. 


Lost  ( 'onfidenee 


. — An  Indian  ninner,  arriving  iiiavillagn  of  his  countryrneni 
re(|iiesled  the  immediate  attendance  of  its  iiihahitaiits  in  council,  as  he  wanted 
their  answer  to  important  information.  The  peoples  ac( ordin^dy  a.-isemhled, 
but  when  the  messenger  had  w  ith  jrrcat  anxiety  delivered  his  messaire,  and 
wait!  (I  fiiran  answr,  none  was  given,  and  he  soon  observed  that  he  was  like- 
ly to  be  litt  aloiit;  in  his  place.  A  straiiffi^r  present  asked  a  principal  chiif  tlio 
meaning  of  this  strange  proceeding,  vviio  gave  tliis  answer,  "Jf/'j  once  lold 
us  a  lie," 

Comic. — An  Indian  having  been  found  frozen  to  death,  an  inquest  of  lii:^ 
oountrvmeii  was  convened  to  determine  by  what  means  he  cam<!  to  such  a 
death."  Their  verdict  was,  "Death  from  the  lieezing  of  a  great  (piautity  of 
water  inside  of  him,  which  they  were  of  opinion  he  had  drunken  for  rum." 

.'/  serious  (Question. — About  1701,  an  oilicer  presented  a  western  chief  with 
a  medal,  on  one  side  of  which  President  If'ashingfon  was  represented  as  armed 
with  a  sword,  and  on  the  other  an  Indian  w',".s  seen  in  the  act  of  burying  the 
Ijtitchet.  The  chief  at  once  saw  tliii  wrong  done  his  countrymen,  anil  very 
wisely  asked,  "  If'hij  iloes  not  the  President  hurt/  his  sword  too'/"* 

Sclf-esterm. — A  w  liite  man,  meeting  an  Indian,  accosted  him  as  brother.  The 
red  man,  wiili  a  great  e.\|)ression  of  meaning  in  his  countenance,  inipiirod 
liosv  they  came  to  be  brothers;  the  white  man  replied,  O,  by  way  of  Adam,  I 
supposf.   The  Indian  added,  "«We  thanli  Idni  Great  Spirit  we  no  nearer  brothers." 

.1  Preacher  taken  at  his  IVord. — A  certain  <dergyman  had  fin-  his  text  on  a 
time,  "  Vnw  and  pay  unto  the  Lord  thy  vows."  An  Indian  happened  to  be 
presc'it,  who  stepped  u|»  to  lli(>  priest  as  soon  as  Ue  had  finished,  and  said  to 
him,  "Now  me  vow  me  go  home  with  you,  Mr.  Minister."  TIk^  piit>sl,  having 
no  language  of  evasion  at  command,  said,  "  Voii  must  go  then."  When  he  had 
arrived  at  the  home  of  the  minister,  the  Indian  vowed  again,  saying,  "  Aow 
me  voiv  tne  havesiijiper."  When  this  was  finished  he  said,  "Me  vow  mo  stay 
all  ni,Ldit."  Tln^  priest,  by  this  time,  thinking  himself  sufliciently  taxed,  re- 
plied, "It  may  be  so,  but  I  vow  you  shall  go  in  the  morning."  The  Incfian, 
judiriiig  from  the  tone  of  his  host,  that  more  vows  wouhl  be  uocless,  departed 
in  the  morning  sans  ceremonie. 

Jl  case  of  sif^ncd  Barbarity. — It  is  related  by^  Black  Hawk,  in  liis  life,  that 
some  time  before  the  war  of  Jt^l2,  one  of  the  Indians  had  killed  a  French- 
man at  Prairie  des  Cliiens.  "The  British  soon  after  took  him  prisoner,  and 
said  they  would  shoot  him  next  day !  His  fiinfily  were  eni;amped  a  short  dis- 
tance below  the  mouth  ot"  the  Ouisconsin.  He  begjicd  permission  to  <;•()  and 
see  them  that  night,  as  he  was  to  die  the  next  day!  They  iiermitted  him  to  go, 
after  iiromising  to  return  the  next  morning  by  siim'ise.  He  visited  his  (iimily, 
which  consisted  of  u  wife  and  six  children.  I  cannot  describe  their  meeting 
and  pariiiig,  to  be  understood  by  the  whites;  as  it  appears  that  their  li'elings 
are  acted  upon  hy  certain  rules  laid  down  by  their /i/rac/icr.f.' — whilst  ours  are 
governed  only  >)y  the  monitor  within  us.  He  parted  li-oni  his  wife  and  chil- 
dren, hurried  throiiirh  the  prairie  to  the  tbit,  and  arrived  in  time!  The  sol- 
diers were  ready,  and  immediately  marched  out  and  shot  him  down  '.'." — If  this 
were  not  cold-blooded,  deliberate  murder,  on  the  part  of  the  whilis,  I  have 
no  conception  of  what  constitutes  tiiat  crime.  What  were  the  ciicniiistaiices 
of  the  murder  we  are  not  informed;  but  wiiatever  they  may  have  been,  they 
cannot  excuse  a  still  greater  barbarity.  I  would  not  by  any  means  be  imder- 
slooil  lo  advocate  tilt!  cause  of  a  murderer;  but  I  will  ask,  whether  crime  in 
to  be  prevented  hy  crime  :  murder  for  nuirder  is  only  a  brutal  retaliation,  ex- 
cept whore  die  safety  of  a  community  requires  the  sacrifice. 


^  Elliot's  Works,  na. 


28 


NARRATrVES,  &c,,  ILLUSTRATIVE 


[Book  [. 


m 


Movnnnf;  much  in  a  short  Time. — '  A  yoinif;  widow,  wliost^  1iiih1«ui(1  liml 
beindciid  altniit  ri^dit  days,  was  liastfiiing  to  liiiisli  li<;i'  grit;)',  in  order  that 
i»lie  iiiij,'lit  1)0  married  to  a  yoiiiij?  warrior:  slio  waw  dcttriiiiind,  tlifrclbro,  to 
griove  mucli  in  a  short  tiiin; ;  to  tliis  cml  she  Ion;  her  hair,  drank  spirits,  and 
hoat  licr  lircast,  to  iiiai\i!  th(!  tears  flow  ahiiiKlaiitly,  liy  wliieli  ineaiis,  on  tht; 
eveniiv,  of  tlio  eighth  ihiy,  she  was  ready  again  to  marry,  having  grieved  snf- 
fieientiy."  * 

Huiv  lo  evade  a  hard  ({uenlion. — "  When  Mr.  Gist  went  over  the  Alleganies, 
in  Feb.  17.")!,  on  a  lonr  of  discovery  lor  tlie  Ohio  (.'om|tany,  'an  Indian,  wiio 
spoke  good  lliiglisii,  came  to  him,  and  said  that  tiicir  great  man,  tht;  Urnirr,\  mnl 
Captain  Opixtmi/lunh,  (two  riiiels  of  the  Didawares,)  desir(;d  to  know  wlien: 
tlio  Indians  hind  lay;  lor  tlie  I'rencii  chiimed  all  the  land  on  one  sidt^  of  tlic 
Ohio  River,  and  t!i(!  Knglisli  on  the  other.'  'J'his  (piestion  Mr.  Gist  found  it 
hard  to  answer,  and  he  e\ad(  d  it  hy  sa\  ing,  that  tlu;  Indians  and  white  men 
were  all  sui)jects  to  the  same  king,  and  all  had  an  ecpial  |)rivilege  of  taking 
up  and  possessing  the  land  in  conformity  with  the  conditions  prescribed  by 
the  king."  J 

Credulity  its  own  Punishment, — The  traveller  IFnnsey,  according  to  his  own 
account,  would  not  enter  into  conversation  with  an  eminent  cliielj  !)ecause  he 
had  heard  that  it  had  been  said  of  him,  that  be  bad,  in  bis  time,  "shed  blood 
enough  to  swim  in."  lie  bad  a  great  desire  to  become  acquainted  with  the 
Indian  ciiaracler,  but  his  credulity  (U!i)arred  him  elH-ctualiy  from  tla;  gratifi- 
cation. The  chief  was  a  ('reek,  named  I''la.>ii\(;o,  who,  in  company  with 
another  called  l)out>h-h((u!,  visited  I'liiiadi'lphia  ;.s  amiiassadors,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  17!)4.  Few  travellers  discover  such  scrujailousness,  especially  those 
who  come  to  America.  That  Flnmin^o  was  mor<)  bloody  than  other  Indian 
warriors,  is  in  no  wise  probable;  but  a  mere  report  of  his  being  a  great  sbed- 
der  of  blood  kept  Mr.  Hausrjj  from  saying  any  mon;  about  him. 

Just  Indignation. — IIatuay,  a  powerful  chief  of  llispaniola,  having  fled 
from  thence  to  avoid  slavery  or  death  when  that  island  was  ravaged  by  the 
Spaniards,  was  taken  in  1.jIJ,  when  they  coiupiered  Cuba,  and  burnt  at  the 
stake.  Alter  being  bound  to  the  stake,  a  Franciscan  friar  labored  to  convert 
him  to  the  Catholic  liiitli,  by  promises  of  immediate  and  eternal  bliss  in  the 
world  to  coine  if  he  would  believe ;  and  that,  if  he  would  not,  eternal  tor- 
ments were  his  only  portion.  The  cazique,  with  seeming  composure,  asked 
if  there  were  any  Spaniards  in  those  regions  of  bliss.  On  being  answered 
that  there  were,  he  n^plied,  "  Then  I  will  not  go  to  a  place  ivhere  1  may  meet 
with  one  of  that  accursed  race." 

Hamdess  Deception. — In  a  time  of  Indian  troubles,  an  Indian  visited  the 
house  of  Governor  Jcnks,  of  Rhode  Island,  when  the  governor  took  occasion 
to  request  him,  that,  if  any  strange  Indian  should  come  to  his  wigwam,  to  let 
him  know  it,  which  the  Indian  promised  to  do;  hut  to  secure  his  fidelity,  the 
governor  told  him  that  when  Ik;  should  give  him  such  information,  he  would 
give  him  a  mug  of  flip.  Some  time  after  the  Indian  came  again :  "  Well,  Mr. 
Gubenor,  strange  Indian  come  my  house  last  night!"  "Ah,"  says  the  govern- 
or, "and  what  (lid  he  say?"  "He  no  speak,"  rei)licd  the  Indian.  "What,  no 
sjieak  at  all .'  "  added  the  governor.  "  No,  he  no  speak  at  all."  "That  certainly 
looks  susoicious,"  said  his  excellency,  an<l  inquired  if  he  were  still  there,  and 
being  told  that  lie  was,  ordered  the  promised  mug  of  fliji.  When  this  was 
disposed  otj  and  the  Iwdian  was  about  to  depart,  he  mildly  said,  "Mr.  Gube- 
nor, my  squaw  have  child  last  night;"  and  thus  the  governor's  alarm  was 
suddenly  changed  into  disapjjointment,  and  the  strange  Indiaa  into  a  new- 
born pappoose. 

Mammoth  Bones. — The  followuig  very  interesting  tradition  concerning 
these  bones,  among  the  Indians,  will  always  ]m  read  with  interest.  The  ani- 
mal to  which  they  once  belonged,  they  called  the  Big  Buffalo ;  and  on  the 

*  Acpoimt  of  the  United  States  by  IMr.  ho'ic  Ilolmai,  .It"., 

t  Prohahly  ilic  same  vvc  have  noticed   in   Book  V.  as  King  Heaver. 

\  Sparks's  Washington,  li,  15. 


[Book  I 

wlio.s(»  iiiiKhniid  Iiu,| 
r  finoi',  ill  oidci-  ii,„t 
niiiiK  (I,  thcrcroiv,  to 
ir,  (Iraiilc  .sjiintH,  imd 
'Vliirli  iiK'.iiis,  on  i||,. 
Iiuviiij,'  grkvod  huC- 

ov(;r  tiic  Allofraiiics, 
"y,  'an  Indian,  wlm 
iiin,tli(!  /ymm-,taii(l 
■«'<l  to  know  uliciii 
i  oil  one  si(l(!  of  i|„, 
111  Mv.  (ii.if  loiind  it 
mis  anil  wliite  men 
|>rivil»'<,'e  o/"  takiii^ 
tions  in-cscribed  by 

oordiiifr  to  Ills  own 

t  cliici;  hpcaiiso  lie 

tiiiic,  "shed  lilood 

C(|naiiitcd  with  tlic 

l.y  n-OIII   tllC  <rrilfi(i. 

in  coniiiany  with 
iador.s,  in  tlio  .siini- 
iH,  I'sjiecially  thoso 

than  other" Indiuii 
(iiiifr  u  great  sJied- 

iiim. 

iiiola,  Iiaviiijir  fled 

s  ravaffc'd  hy  tJjc 

.  and  burnt  at  the 

|i bored  to  convert 

I'l-iial  bliss  in  the 

not,  eternal  tor- 

oinposure,  asked 

lieinff  answered 

ivhere  1  may  meet 

ndian  visited  tlie 
or  took  occasion 
wigwam,  to  let 
his  fidelity,  the 
lation,  he  would 
Hill :  "  Well,  Mr. 
says  the  govern- 
an,    "  What,  no 
"That  certainly 
still  there,  and 
When  this  Avas 
id,  "Mr.  Gn be- 
ar's alarm  was 
«ii  into  a  new- 


)n 

St 


concerninjr 
The      ■ 


ani- 
lo ;  and  on  the 


'3cr 


IChap  III  1 


EXPLOIT  or  HANNAir    DUSTON. 


29 


Iv  maps  of  the  connli 


,  ear 

to  lie  li>nii( 


V  of  iiie  Ohio,  we  si'c  miirkcd,  "  K!('|)b.iiits'  liniics  siiid 


I  Im'I' 


rht'V  wt'iv,  for  some  lime,  by  many  supiiosfd  to  baM-  inrri 


th 


f  that  aiiimai ;  but  ihiy  are  pretty  generally  now  lielieved  t((  liavt 
beloii;;e(l  lo  a  species  ot"  animal  long  since  exlinet.  'I'liey  have  been  Ibimd 
ill  vailoiis  |>arts  of  the  coimlry  ;  l)nt  in  the  greati'st  abimdaiiee  aiiniit  the  s;ilt 
.icks  or  siiiiiigs  in  Keiiliicky  and  (Hiio.  Tiiere  has  never  been  an  enlire 
tikeletoii  fiiiind,  alilioiigii  ibe'oni!  in  7'(y(/(',s' niiisenm,  in  riiiladelpliiM,  was  so 
near  perfect,  thai,  by  a  little  iiigeimity  in  sii|»plying  its  delicts  with  wood- 
work, it  jiMssrs  extremely  well  fi>r  siieli. 

'J'be  tradition  of  the  I'lidians  eonceriiing  this  animal  is,  that  he  was  caini\- 
oroiis,  and  existed,  as  late  as  17H0,  in  tiie  northern  parts  of  America.  Some 
Delawares,  in  the  time  of  the  ri'voliitioiiary  war,  visited  the  iinvernor  of  \ir- 
gini  I  nil  business,  wiiicli  having  been  (iiii.died,  some  ipii  stioiis  were  put  In 
them  cnncerning  their  country,  and  especially  what  they  kiiesv  or  bad  heard 
respecting  tin;  animals  whose  bones  had  been  found  abmit  the  salt  licks  on 
the  (Hiin  liiver.  "The  chief  speaker,"  coiitimies  oiir  aiitlmr,  Mr.  Ji Jl'irson, 
"  imiiiedjately  put  himself  into  an  attitude  of  oratory,  and,  with  a  pomp  suited 
to  what  be  conceived  the  elevation  of  his  subject,"  began  and  repeated  as 
follows: — "//I  tinrivnt  tiiiun,  a  herd  of  tlirse  treinriiilo<i.i  ttiiiiiiiili  ramr  to  tin- 
Jlii';-l)0)ic  Lii'/i.i,  an  I  livfiitn  (tii  nnivrrsal  ilditntrtioii  of  the  hiiti;  (/rvr,  <ll>n,  IniJJ'd- 
luis,  nn  t  ollirr  iiniiiKils,  which  hdd  been  rnati-d  for  the  use  of  the  lii'lidiiH  :  the 
greed  mm  above,  lookinix  down  and  scelnfj;  this,  ic«>?  so  enraire'l,  that  he  seized  his 
ti/rhtnin<r,  deseend(d  to  the  earth,  awl  sealed  himself  on  a  ijrhhonnjx  mountain, 
on  a  rod;  nfichieh  his  seat  and  the  print  of  his  feet  are  still  to  he  seen,  and  hurled 
his  holts  amonjx  them  till  the  whole  were  slaughtered,  c.rce/d  the  hi'i;  hull,  who, 
presenting  his  forehead  to  the  shafts,  s'  ook  them  off  as  they  fell ;  hut  missing  one 
at  Icmslh,  it  wnundel  him  in  the  side;  whereon,  springing  round,  he  Iwunded  over 
the  Ohio,  over  the  ff'ahash,  the  Illinois,  and,  finally,  over  the  great  lakes,  tvhcre  lie 
is  living  at  this  day." 

Siiidi,  say  the  Indians,  is  the  account  handed  down  to  them  from  their 
ancestors,  and  they  conid  furnish  no  other  information. 

A^arrativc  of  the  Captivity  and  hold  Erphit  of  Uann'th  Duston. — The  rela- 
tion of  this  adiiir  forms  the  XXV\  arlieli!  in  the  Deceniiiiim  I,iictiiosnm  of  the 
ftlagiialia  Cbristi  Americana,  by  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  and  is  nin;  of  the  brst- 
wrilteii  articles  of  all  we  have  read  from  his  pen.     At  its  bead  is  this  signiti- 


t  s'litence — Dux  Finiiina  Facti. 


can 

On  the  |'5  March,  1()!>7,  a  band  of  about  20  Indians  came  micxpecfedlr 
upon  Haverhill,  in  .Massachiisetts  ;  and,  as  their  iiiimbei-s  were  small,  they 
made  their  attack  with  the  swilVncss  of  the  whirlw ind,  and  as  suddenly  disap- 
[leaied.  The  war,  of  which  this  irruption  was  a  part,  bad  continued  nearly 
ten  years,  and  soon  aft(>rwards  it  came  to  a  cles;'.  The  lioiis,-  which  this 
j)arty  of  Indians  had  siiii;led  out  as  their  object  of  attack,  belonifcd  to  one  Mr. 
Thomas  *  Duston  or  I)unstan,\  in  the  outskirts  of  the  town.  I  Mr.  Duston  was 
at  work,  at  some  distance  from  his  house,  at  the;  time,  and  wlieilier  he  was 
alarnr'd  for  the  safety  of  his  family  by  the  shouts  of  tlc^  Indi.ins,  m-  other 
cause,  we  are  not  informed  ;  but  he  seems  to  have  arrived  there  time  enough 
before  the  arrival  of  the  Indians,  to  make  some  arrangements  for  the  jireserva- 
tion  of  ills  (diildren  ;  but  his  wile,  who,  but  about  a  week  b fore,  had  been 
confined  by  a  child,  was  unable  to  rise  from  her  bed,  to  the  distraction  of  her 
ag(ini/ed  husband.  No  time  w^as  to  be  lost;  Mr.  Duston  had  onlv  time  to 
direct  his  childnii's  Highf,  (seven  in  number,)  the  extremes  of  whose  aires  were 

le 
le 


two  and  si'vent(M>n,  and  the  Indians  were  upon  them.  \\'iili  his  gim,  tl 
distressed  fjither  moimfed  his  horse,  and  rode  away  in  the  direction  ol"  tl 
children,  whom  he  overtook  bur  about  40  rods  from  the  bouse.  His  first 
int'ution  was  to  tak(>  U|)  one,  if  |)i)ssib|  ■,  and  escape  with  it.  He  had  no 
Sdoiier  overtake  n  lliem,  than  this  resolution  was  destroyed  ;  for  to  rescue  either 
to  the  exclusion  of  the  rest,  was  worse  than  death  itseif  lo  him.  He  therefiire 
faced  aliout  and  met  the  enemy,  who  had  closely  pursued  him  ;  each  fired 


.Mr.  Mij  ielc's  Hisl.  Iliivcrhill.  8(i 


'111  lioiisi",  ucrc  ilr-ll'( 


roved  nl  ili  s  liiiu 


'27  1 


fliilflihison. 


■1  13 


lu  Mr.  B.  L.  iMijrirl;'s  jlj.siory  of  Iluvorliilj.arc  lliu  iiaim;.s  of  liic  slain.  iSt 

3* 


cirnod  uwi'y  caj)livc. 


80 


KXIM.OIT   OF   HANNAH   HUSTON. 


[Book  I 


Upon  the  otiior,  nml  it  in  niriiosi  ii  mirncli'  timt  iioiif  of  the  liltlo  rptn-atiiij? 
oarty  \v»  rf  Imrt.  'I'ln-  Imrmiis  tltd  iidt  |iiirsiii'  Imi^',  from  fear  ol"  rainitig  tin 
LoiglilMtiiiijr  l'",iii,'lisli  iM'forc  iImv  coiiIiI  comiilit*!  tlit'ir  object,  and  hciicc  tliin 
part  of  the  family  escaped  to  a  place  of  safety. 

V-'if  are  now  to  enter  iiilly  into  tlie  relation  of  this  very  tragedy.  There 
was  i'vin<r  in  the  lionse  of  IMr.  Diision,  as  ninse,  Mrs.  Munf  .Veff,*  a  widow, 
wliost  heroic  conduct  in  shariiifr  tiie  liite  of  her  misiress,  when  escape  wiis 
in  hei  poucr,  >\ill  always  he  viewed  with  admiration.  'Phi'  Indians  were 
now  i.i  the  niidistinhed  possession  of  the  hoiisi-,  .md  havin;?  driven  the 
nick  woman  from  her  lied,  compelled  her  to  sit  (piictly  in  the  corner  of  tlic 
fire-place,  while  they  completed  the  pillajje  of  the  house.  This  linsiiiess 
heiii>r  fnii^iii'd,  it  was  K-t  (mi  fire,  iiikI  I\lrs.  Duslo)!,  who  hefore  considered 
hefM'lf  iinahle  to  walU,  was,  at  the  approach  of  ni^'hl,  ohlijicd  to  min-ch 
into  the  wilderness,  imd  take  her  hed  upon  the  cuhj  j^roiind.  .Mrs.  .VV/T  I'mj 
late  attem|>ti'd  to  escape  with  tiie  infant  child,  hm  was  iiitercepicd,  the  eli>!(| 
taken  from  her,  and  its  hraiiis  heat  ont  a<,'ainst  a  ik  ifjhiiorin;.'  apple-tree,  while 
'H»  nurse  was  compelled  to  accompiuiy  her  new  and  fri<;htfnl  masters  also. 
The  ca|)tives  amoinited  in  idl  to  1.'},  some  of  whom,  as  they  hecaine  unable  tn 
travel,  were  murdered,  and  letl  exposed  upon  the  way.  Although  it  was  la^nr 
night  when  they  (pfitted  Haverhill,  they  travelled,  as  they  judged,  ly  miles 
before  encamping;  "and  then,"  says  !)r.  Mather,  "kept  up  with  their  new 
masters  in  a  long  travel  of  an  liundred  and  fit\y  miles,  more  or  less,  witliin  u 
few  days  ensuing."! 

Arter  journeying  awhile,  according  to  tbeir  custom,  the  Indians  divided  their 

Erisoners.  Mrs.  Duatoti,  Mrs.  .Yrff,  and  a  boy  named  S.t:ri;d  Leonnrdson,  |  who 
ad  been  captivated  at  Worcester,  about  18  months  before,  fell  to  the  lot  of 
an  Indian  family,  consisting  of  twelve  persons, — two  men,  three  women,  and 
seven  children.  These,  so  far  as  our  acconnts  go,  were  very  kind  to  their 
prisoners,  hut  told  them  there  was  one  ceremony  wliich  tjiey  eoidd  not  avoid, 
and  to  which  they  woidd  be  sidijccted  when  they  sho;:'d  arrive  at  their  |)lace 
of  destination,  which  was  to  run  the  gantlet.  Tht!  place  where  this  was  to  be 
performed,  was  at  an  Indian  village, '^."jO  miles  from  J laverhill,  according  tn 
the  reckoning  of  the  Indians.  In  their  meandering  course,  they  at  length 
arrived  at  an  island  in  the  month  of  ("ontookook  I{i\(r,  id)oiit  six  miles  above 
Concord,  in  New  IlMinpshire.  Here  one  of  the  Indian  men  n  sided.  It  had 
been  deteriifined  by  tlie  captives,  Ijeforo  tlieir  arrival,  that  an  effort 
should  be  made  to  free  themselves  from  their  wretched  captivity ;  and  not 
only  to  gain  their  liberty,  but,  as  we  shall  presently  see,  something  by  way  of 
remimeration  from  those  who  held  them  in  bondage.  The  heroine,  Du'slon, 
had  resolved,  upon  the  tirst  opportunity  thai  ofl'ered  any  chance  of  success,  to 
kill  her  captors  and  scalp  them,  ;iiid  to  return  home  with  such  trophies  as 
would  clearly  establish  her  reptiiition  for  heroism,  as  well  as  insure  her  a 
bounty  from  the  public.  She  tlu  itfore  comnninicated  her  design  to  Mrs. 
JVeff  imd  the  English  boy,  who,  it  would  seem,  readily  enoiiirh  agreed  to  it. 
To  the  art  of  killing  and  scalping  she  was  a  stranger  :'  and,  that  there  should 
be  no  fiiilurc  in  the  hnsiness,  Mrs.  fJuslon  instructed  the  hoy,  who,  from  bis 
long  residence  with  them,  had  heconu-  as  one  of  the  Indians,  io  inquire  of  one 
of  the  men  how  it  was  done.  lie  did  so,  and  the  Indian  showed  him,  with- 
out mistrusting  the  origin  of  tlie  inquiry.  It  was  now  March  the  31,  and  in 
the  dead  of  the  night  following,  this  bloody  tragedy  was  acted.  When  the 
Indians  were  in  the  most  sound  sleej),  these  thret;  captives  arose,  and  sofily 
arming  themselves  with  the  tomahawks  of  their  masters,  allotted  tlie  number 
each  should  kill ;  and  so  truly  did  thr^y  direct  their  blows,  that  but  one  escaped 
that  they  designed  to  kill.  This  was  a  woman,  whom  they  badly  wouniled, 
and  one  boy,  for  some  reason  they  did  not  wish  to  harm,  and  accordinjrly  ho 
was  allowed  to  escape  unhurt.  Mrs.  Duston  killed  her  master,  and  Leonard- 
son  killed  the  man  who  had  so  freely  told  him,  but  one  day  before,  where  to 
deal  a  deadly  blow,  and  how  to  take  oft' a  scalp. 


CHAf 

.MI  \1 
leavinj.'! 
b<-ing  PI 
thev  eiil 
thcMeil 
ont  aec 

The 
which 
Indians,! 
them  fill 
upon  thi 
tioii,  SCI 

Kiiihtl 
says  tlii| 
defclldil 


*  Slie  was  a  dau<i;lilcr  of  (leorcre  Corliss,  and  married  IVilliam  Nfff,  wlio  went  after  the 
anriy,  and  died  at  Pemmaquid,  Feb   lfi83.     Mijrick,  Hist,  llavl.  87. 
t  Tlieir  course  wis  probably  very  indirect,  to  elude  Dijirsuit.  J  Hist.  Haverhill,  89 


(Hook  I 

■*  flin  littlo  rptnntiii;? 
II  Jrar  (iC  mixing  tin 
>j<'<-t,  (umI  liciico  tliis 

••ry  Uniivily.  TIktc 
'in/  .VV//;»  a  widow. 

IS   WllCII    CSCaiK'    Wjls 

Till'  Indians  ucic 

I'livin^'  driven   tlir 

ill  the  (•(trncr  of  the 

iHf.      This  hii.-incss 

I  licforc  considered 
,  "hljovd  to  fiiarcli 
Ml  I.  .Mrs.  A>/r  loo 
iti'ie(  |)icd,  f.'i.'elpld 
11^'  a|)|)ic-tree,  wliil,. 
kIiUuI  masters  also, 
y  became  imalile  to 
Itliough  it  was  near 
y  judged,  ly  niilcs 
lip  with  their  new 
jre  or  less,  within  u 

ndians  divided  their 
/  Linnardson, |  who 
\  fell  to  the  lot  of 
,  three  women,  and 
very  kind  to  their 
py  conid  not  avoid, 
•rive  at  their  place 
iiere  this  was  to  he 
E!rhill,  according  to 
•se,  they  at  length 
)iil  six  miles  above 

II  iisided.     It  had 
I)    tliat    an    efllm 

•I'tivity;  and  not 
•thing  hy  way  of 

heroine,  Du'slon, 
ice  nl'  success,  to 
Mich  trophies  as 

us  insure  her  a 
■  design  to  Mrs. 
ffh  agreed  to  it. 
that  tiierc  should 
y,  who,  from  his 
to  inquire  of  one 
lowed  iiim,  with- 
I  ilie  .31,  and  in 
■'«<l.     When  the 
arose,  and  soAly 
)ited  the  number 
but  one  escaped 
badly  wounded, 
d  accordingly  ho 
er,  and  Lconard- 
helbre,  where  to 


Chap   FII 


DF.STIU  TTION   OK  S(MIF;Ni:('r  \liV 


:fi 


wlio  went  after  the 
Hist.  Haverhill,  89 


)l      All  was  over  bi  'ore  the  iliiwii  of  day,  and  all  things  w.tc  g<»t  r.  ady  lor 

Jleaviiig  this  |da >f  blood.     Ail   the   boats  but  t.iie   were  sciilile, I, '.o  prevent 

If  being  pursued,  and,  with  what  jirovisions  and  aru'S  the  liidiiui  camp  atlorded, 

X'  they  embarked  on  iio.-.i!  the  other,  and  slowly  and  sihiiitiy  took  the rse  of 

the" Merrimack  Kiver  for  their  homes,  where  they  all  soon  uller  arrived  with- 
out incident. 

The  whole  country  was  aHtonisbed  at  the  ndatioii  of  the  aflair,  the  truth  oj 
which  was  never  (iir  a  moment  doubted.  The  ten  <'alj)s,  and  the  arms  of  the 
Indians,  were  evidences  not  to  be  (piestioiied  ;  and  the  geniTiil  court  gave 
them  (ith  pounds  as  a  reward,  and  numerous  other  gratuilies  were  showered 
upon  them,  ("oloncl  .ViVWso/i,  governor  of  Marjlimd^hearing  of  the  transac- 
tion, sent  them  a  generous  present  als  >. 

Kitjht  other  houses  were  attacked  besides  Dmton's,  the  owners  of  which, 
says  t he  historian  of  that  town,  Mr.  Mi/nrk,  in  every  case,  wer(^  slain  while 
deVinding  them,  and  the  blood  of  each  st  lined  his  own  door-sill. 

.Varrativi  of  Ihr  De.ilnirfion  of  Srhin'rtnili/.* — This  was  an  event  of  great 
distress  to  the  wholt;  country,  at  the  time  it  hap|)ened,  and  we  are  able  to  give 
some  new  facts  in  ridatioii  to  it  from  a  maniiscri|tt,  which,  we  believe,  has 
never  before  been  piiblis'ied.  These  facts  are  contained  in  a  letter  from  (Gov- 
ernor liradnlreet,  of  .Massachusetts,  to  (Jovernor  Hincklrji,  of  I'limoiilh,  dated 
about  a  month  aller  the  atliiir.  They  are  as  follow: — "  Tho'  you  cannot  but 
have  heard  of  the  horrid  massacre  coumitted  by  the  Krencli  and  Indians  at 
Senectada,  a  fortified  and  wel.  comparted  town  20  miles  ulM)ve  .Albany  (which 
we  had  an  account  of  i>y  an  express.)  yet  we  tl'ink  we  have  not  di.scnarged 
our  duty  till  you  hear  of  it  from  us,  'Twas  upon  the  Eighth  of  Fvhruanj, 
[1(!H!M>0]  at  midnight  wiien  those  poor  secure  wretches  were  surprised  by 
the  enemy.  Their  gates  v/erc;  open,  no  wi'.tch  kept,  and  hardly  any  order 
observed  in  giving  and  obeying  commands.  Sixty  of  them  were  Itutchered  in 
the  placi- ;  of  whom  Lieut.  Talmnge  and  four  more  were  of  Ca|)t.  BidVs  com- 
pany, besides  five  of  said  company  carried  captive.  IJy  this  action  th(!  French 
nave  given  us  to  understand  what  we  may  expect  from  them  as  to  the  fron- 
tier towns  and  seaports  of  New  I'ngland.  We  are  not  so  W(dl  acjijuainted 
what  number  of  convenient  Havens  you  have  in  your  colony,  besides  those  of 
Plimoiitli  and  liristol.  We  ho|H;  your  priidenci!  and  vigiltuict;  will  lead  you 
to  take  such  meiisuit^s  as  to  pre-vent  the  landing  of  the  enemy  at  either  of 
those  or  any  such  like  place."  f 

We  now  |»rnceed  to  give  such  other  facts  as  can  be  gathered  from  the 
numerous  printed  accounts.  It  ap|)ears  that  the  government  of  Canada  had 
planned  si\eral  expeditions,  previous  to  the  setting  out  of  this,  against  various 
im|t()rtiint  points  of  the  liiiglish  frontier, — as  much  to  gain  the  warriors  of  the 
Five  Nations  to  their  interest,  as  to  distress  the  English.  (Jovernor  De  JVon- 
villt  had  .sent  over  si'veral  chief  sachems  of  the  Irocpiois  to  Fraiict!,  where, 
as  usual  upon  such  embassies,  great  I'ains  were  taken  to  caii.se  them  to  enter- 
tain the  highest  opinions  of  the  glcry  and  greatness  of  the  French  nation. 
,\moiig  them  was  T(twfmkit,i\  renowned  warrior,  and  two  others.  It  aj)pears 
that,  during  their  absence  in  I'rance,  the  great  war  between  their  countrymen 
and  th(!  French  had  ended  in  the  destruction  of  Montreal,  and  other  places,  as 
will  be  seen  detailed  in  our  Fifth  Book.  Hence,  when  Count  Frontenac 
arrived  in  Canada,  in  the  fall  of  1(589,  instead  of  finding  the  Iroquois  ready  to 
j  in  him  and  his  forces  which  \f:  had  brought  from  France  fi)r  the  coiKpiest 
of  New  York,  he  found  himself  obliged  to  set  about  a  reconciliaiion  of  them. 
He  therefore  wisely  despatched  Tawcraket,  and  the  two  others,  upon  that 
design.  The  Five  Nations,  on  being  called  upon  by  these  chiefs,  would  take 
no  step  without  first  notifying  tli!'  iTuglish  at  .Vlbany  that  a  council  was  to  be 
calliMl.  Tli(!  blows  which  had  been  .so  lately  given  the  French  of  Canada, 
had  liilli'd  the  English  into  ::  fatal  security,  and  tliey  let  this  council  |)ass  with 
too  little  attention  to  its  i)roceedings.     On  the  other  hand,  the  French  were 

•  This  was  ihe  (Jerman  name  of  a  jiine  barren,  such  as  stretches  itself  between  Albany  and 
Sclieiieolady,  over  which  is  now  a  rail-road. 

t  French  ships,  with  land  forces  and  munitions,  had,  but  a  short  lime  before,  hovered  upo« 
the  coast. 


:w 


Dr.STIMHTION  or  SCIir.MXTADY. 


[lioDK  I 


fiilly  (iimI  iiltly  nprcsciifcd  ;  iiiiil  llic  n-Hiilt  wmh,  iIic  oxiHtinp  hrcnrli  \V(is  nrt  in 

u  liiir  uiiv  III  !>••  rliisi'il  ii|i.     'I'liis  (iicnt  iniiiicil  was  hc^riiii  'J'J  .liiiiiiiirv,  Hi'.H), 

III 

Oliritlfl  cliictl 


1)1  {•(iiisisinl  dl' ri;^litj  Mii'lii'iiis.      ll  wuH  (i|i(iu'(l  l>y  .SVu/rAr((»i«/^''/(/iV,'  a  xruui 


u'lr 


Ml  niiwliili',  to  (i'm;  ciiiiiliiyiiKiit  to  tliir  liidiaiiM  wlio  yi't  rniiaiiiitl  tl 
frii'iid.-'.  Hif  r\|i('(liti<iii  was  liru'iin  uhicli  nidril  in  the  drstriutinii  dI'SiIhiht- 
lady.  (  liii  iMiistiiT  Sniilli\  uriitr  liiH  acroiint  (il'lliat  alliiir  iViiiii  a  iiianiisrri|i| 
li'thT  U'\)  \>y  ('(ilniii'l  S(lnii/lir,m  tliat  litiic  iiia^ornf  Mliaiiy  ;  and  it  is  tlir 
most  |iai'lindar  of  any  acconiit  yrt  |lnl»li^ll^d.  It  is  as  liillows,  and  licars  dati 
IT)  I'.liniaiy,  ltW»:— 

Al'trr  two-iiiid-twciity  days'  iiiarrli,  tlit!  <'ntiny  IMI  in  with  Sclifiicrtady, 
F«  hniaiy  H.  TImti!  were  iiliont  yoO  I'lmidi,  and  |trilia|ts  r>()  < 'aiigliJifWrua 
IMoliawks,  and  they  at  tirst  intrndrd  to  lia\t'  sni-|)risn|  Alliany  ;  lint  linn 
inari'li  hail  hccii  so  lon<r  and  trdions,  orciisionrd  hy  the  dcr|iiirss  ot'  thr  siinw 
and  ciildni'ss  of  tin-  wcatlii  r,  that,  instrad  of  attrin|itin<j:  any  tiling  ollinsiM', 
thry  had  nearly  drridi'd  to  surrender  ihenisrKes  to  the  tirst  l'',n;;lish  they 
Nhoidil  meet,  such  was  their  distressed  sitntition,  in  a  eam|i  of  snow,  lint  a  few 
mill's  from  tlio  devoted  setMenieiit.  'I'lic  Indians,  howe\er,  sa\ed  iheni  from 
the  disgrace.  They  had  sent  out  a  small  seont  from  their  party,  who  entered 
^'l■hl■llel■tady  wilhont  even  exeitin;^'  sns|iii'ion  of  their  errand.  \Vhen  they  hail 
staid  as  lonif  as  the  nature  of  their  hnsiness  niinired,  they  withdrew  to  the^r 
fellows. 

fsi-ein^''  that  Schenectady  offered  such  an  easy  prey,  it  put  new  coiirajre  into 
tlie  French,  and  they  came  upon  it  as  ahove  related.  Tlie  bloody  tra;,'edy 
commenced  hetwceii  II  and  \2  o'clock,  on  Saturday  iiijrht ;  and,  that  every 
house  mi>,dit  he  surprised  at  nearly  the  >ame  time,  the  enemy  divided  them- 
selves into  parties  of  si\  or  seven  men  each.  Althou^di  the  town  was  ini|ialed, 
no  one  tlioujj;ht  it  nijcessary  to  close  the  jrates,  even  at  ni}.dit,  |iresuniinf;  the 
Heverity  of  the  si-iLson  was  n  suHicient  seciiri;-'  ;  hence  the  tirst  news  of  the  .■[ 

approaidi  of  tiie  enemy  was  at  every  door  of  l  cry  house,  which  dooi*s  were  ' 

liidken  as  soon  as  the  |)ro(onnd  slumhers  of  those  they  were  intended  to  irnard.  ;, 

The  same  inhuman  barbarities  now  followed,  that  were  atlerwards  per|ietrate(l 
upon  the  wretched  inhabitants  of  IMontreal.f  "No  ton<rue,"  said  ('oloinl 
Sfliui/lci;   "can    express  the  cruelties   that  were    committed."      Sixty-three  ,| 

lionses,  and   the  church, §   were   immediately  in  a  bla/e.     ilwknte  women,         .    .f 
ill  their  ex|)iriiij,'  ajfonies,  saw  their  infants  cast  into  the  llames,  beiitir  firet  :% 

delivered  by  the  knife  of  the  midiiiirht  assassin!     Sixty-three  ||   persons  were  ■ 

jiut  to  death,  and  twenty-seven  witc  carried  into  capti\ity.  { 

A  {\w  persons  fled  towards  Albany,  with  no  other  coverin<r  Imt  their  iiiirht-  '4 

clothes;  the  horror  of  whose  condition  was  ffreatly  enhanci  d  liy  a  jrreat  tiill  % 

of  snow  ;  25  of  whom  lost  their  limbs  from  the  severity  of  the  frost.     With  I"| 

these  poor  fugitives  came  the  intelligence  to  Alliany,  and  that  place  was  in  aJ 

dismal  confusion,  liavinj?,  as  usual  upon  such  occasions,  sii|ipi'se(l  the  enemy  's 

to  ha\t'  been  seven  times  more  numerous  than  they  really  were.     About  noon,  f 

the  next  day,  the  enemy  set  off"  from  Schenectady,  takinir  all  the  plunder  they 
could  carry  with  them,  among  which  were  forty  of  the  best  hoi-ses.  The  n  st, 
with  all  the  cattle  and  other  (lome'3tic  animals,  lay  slaiijrhtered  in  the  streets. 

One  of  the  most  considerable  men  of  Schenectady,  at  this  time,  was  Captain 
Jllexnnlcr  Glev.M  He  lived  on  the  o|iposite  side  of  the  river,  ami  was  siillered 
to  escape,  because  he  had  delivered  many  French  jirisoners  ii'om  torture  and 
slavery,  who  bad  been  taken  by  the  Jndians  in  the  former  wars.  They  hail 
passed   his  bouse  in  tlu;  night,  and,  during  the  massacre,  he  had  taken  tli 


alur 


111,  and  in  the  morning  he  was  found  ready  to  defend  himself     IJelbrc 


leaving  the  village,  a  French  oflicer  summoneci  him  to  a  council,  upon  the 
shore  of  the  river,  with  the  tinder  of  personal  safety,  lie  at  h^ngtli  adventured 
down,  and  had  the  great  satisfiiction  of  having  all  his  ca|itured  friends  and 
relatives  delivered  to  him  ;  and  the  enemy  cleparted,  keeping  good  their 
promise  that  no  injury  should  be  done  him.  || 


*  S^ddngeeim'shlie  in  Powaai  on  tlie  Colonics,  I.  .'J'.18. 

\  Si'i!  l5i)ok  V.  ^  Spajord. 

il    Charlevoix  calls  liim  Tlie  Sieur  Coudre. 


t  Ilisi.  N.  York. 
II  Colden,no. 


Chap    I| 

The 
lid  lioll 
tnivellil 
from  \l 
their  n 
oral  I'liil 
Blliliialr 
do.     Il- 

IH   plIM' 

"  I  be 

a  vii'lni] 
('anailMl 
war  N\"] 
foriiiei  I 
lie  bits  II 
formerly 
on  tlnnl 
Acco 
xvhii'h  h 
banileil 
I'rench 

We  W 
is  very  i 
withslai 
iicctady 

laying  it 
(iovei 

M.  itv  III 

assure  il 

change  i 

to  reiiife 

who  slio 

lii-st  assi 

Indians, 

le  Moitu 

dUhnrili 

sioii  to  ^' 

This 

the  Fiif! 


il 


Iff  liicnrli  wiw  not  in 
III  '-ti  Jninimy,  |(;;h), 
'ihtuii^;l,liv,'  a  jrroui 

yi't  icrnniiicd  tlirir 
triictioM  oCScImikt- 
I*  <'niiii  n  iii,'iiiii.Hrri|i| 
l"iii.v;  iiikI   it  ir4  III,, 

l«JWM,  (111(1   lM.tl|-.s  (IdtP 

"jlh  ScliciKM-tddy, 
s  ."»0  ('iiil^'l:i.f»v.'!;ii' 
■\"'''iiv  ;  Ihii  iIii'ii 
r|iii( '^.-i  (iC  tiic  .<ii(i\\ 
iiy  lliiii;j  ()ni'iisi\(., 

(ii;Nt     Ijlfrlisl,     tlicv 

orfiiiow,  iidt  II  (('\\ 

,  Huvcd  ili(>iii  Iniiii 
|i-'iit.v,  wild  ciitcnd 
I-  WIm'ii  tlicy  li;i(| 
wididnnv  t(»'tlit'^r 

t  (M'w  coiinip'  iiiio 
'Im!  Iiliiody  tnif,'cdv 
f ;  "11(1,  tluii  cvcrv 
iiiv  divided  fluni- 
towii  WHS  iiii|i(dc(l, 
Jit,  iircsiiiiiiiifr  jli,. 
tirsr  iicwH  (tC  tli(; 
vvliicli  dooix  Avcic 
intended  to  sriDird. 

winds  ))ei|»eti(ite(l 
It!,"  Hiiid  ('dIoikI 

<l."  Si\ty-tlire(« 
Ihi'-knte  women, 
ImiMH,  heiiiir  /iitit 
|ii  TMnis  wei-e 

r  l)iit  iheirniirlit- 
I  I'}  a  «.'reat  fidi 
tlie  fW..st.     With 

IIU  pl(|C(!   W!18    ill 

f'scd  ilio  eiieiny 
Ahout  iiooii, 
ln'  plunder  tliey 
irses.     'J'|„.  n  st, 
I  ill  the  streets, 
me,  was  rnptain 
nd  Wfis  siini'i-ed 
•om  tortin-c  and 
■•.•"•.     They  had 
^  liiid  taken  fho 
imselC     I{er„|.e 
iiiifil,  npon  thn 
i^'th  adventiinul 
r^'d  tVieiidH  and 
ing  good  their 


jHAf.   Ill  I 


DKHTHUCi'lON   OF  HCIIKNKcrrADV. 


:t:i 


r( 


The  jrreat  Miihnwk  ciiMle  wim  aliont  17  mileH  fnnii  Seheiierlady,  and  they 
'did    ii.it    hem-  III'  the   maHHiiere    until   two  duys  al\er,  owinjf  In  the  Htate    ol" 

triMellini,'.     On  r iviiijr  the  newn,  they  immediately  joined  n   piuty  <»r  men 

from  Ailmnv.aiid  pm>ui  d  the  enemy.  Aller  a  ledioUH  pursuit,  they  fell  upon 
•  their  retu',  killed  and  look  •,'.'»  id"  them,  imd  did  them  some  other  dinnajfe.  Sev- 
orid  .•hit!  muImius  soon  assendiled  at  Alhan.v,  to  e(»ndole  with  Ih-  oeop|(>,  and 
aimiiiite  them  iiiraiiif-t  leaving  the  place,  which,  it  seeniM,  they  \>ere  (dtoui  to 
do.  I'lom  a  speech  ol'oneoCtlie  ihielK  on  this  occasion,  tht;  toilowinj^  extract 
IM  preserveii  : — 

"  ihiihren,  >\e  do  not  think  that  wliat  the  rreiich  have  done  (an  Ix!  called 
a  victory;  it  in  only  a  rurtlier  jirool' (d' their  cruel  deceit.  The  >.'overnor  of 
(,'annda"sent  to  <  )no"nda>zo,  and  talks  to  us  of  jm  (ice  with  our  wliole  house;  hut 
win-  was  in  lijs  heart,  as  you  now  see  hy  wotui  e\|»erience.     lie  did  the  mimo 

Ion h  at  t  'adaraci|ui, '  and  in  the  Senecas'  country.     TIuh  is  the  third  timo 

lie  hiis  acted  so  di itfully.     He   has  hrokeii  o|ten  our  house  at   hotli  ends; 

formerly  in  he  Seiiecas' Country,  and  now  here.  We  hope  to  he  reveiigod 
on  ihein." 

AccordiiiK'y)  when  mesMeiifierH  caiiK!  to  renew  and  roncliido  tho  treaty 
which  had  heeii  lief,nin  hy  Tnwtmht,  hefore  mentioned,  they  W(Te  seized  and 
haiiiled  o\er  lo  i\\v  llii^dish.  They  also  kept  out  scoiitu,  and  liariw.sed  iliu 
I'rencli  in  every  direction. 

We  «ill  now  proceed  to  draw  from  ('hnihi'uix'  account  of  this  atl'air,  which 
is  very  minute,  as  it  respects  tlie  opi^ations  of  tht;  I'lciadi  and  IndiiuiH.  Mot- 
wiihsiaiidin;;  its  jrreat  importance  in  a  correct  history  of  the  sacking  ol"  Sche- 
nectady, noiK!  of  our  historiaiiH  «eeiii  to  liave  given  theiiiMclveH  tho  trouhlu  of 
laying  it  hefore  thtdr  readers. 

(ioxeriKtr  Frontnmr,  having  (h'tcrniined  upon  an  expedition,  gave  notice  to 
,U.  (/(•  in  Diirauttiije,  who  then  commanded  at  iMichilimakinak,  that  he  might 
assure  the  llurons  and  Ottawas,  that  in  a  short  time  they  would  see  a  great 
chaiigi!  in  alfaiis  for  the  iietter.  lie  prepared  at  the  same  time  n  large  convoy 
to  reinforce  that  post,  :  id  he  took  measures  also  to  raise  three  war  parlies, 
who  should  enter  hy  three  different  routes  the  country  oi'  tli«!  Knglish,  Tho 
tirst  as.seinhled  at  iVIontreal,  and  consisted  of  ahout  110  iiieii,  rrencli  and 
Indians,  and  was  put  uiuhir  tlu;  command  of  MAI.  iPjIiUeboxU  de  Mantel,  niid 


le  Moinr  de  SI.  Ilelene,  two   lieutenants,   under   whom  MM.  de  Repenli^mj, 

L'u  periiiia- 
sion  lo  serv(t  its  volunteers. 


d'lliirvillr,  m:  Uonkkpos,  dk  la  JJrosse,  and  i)e  Mo.ntiom,  rc(]ueHteu  per 


t   Misi.  !\.  V„rk. 
II   Colden,lld. 


This  )KUly  mandied  out  hefore  tli(>y  had  determined  against  what  part  of 
the  Knglish  frontier  tlu'y  would  carry  ilioir  uriiis,  though  hoiik!  part  of  New 
York  WHS  imdei-stood.  Count  t\onlen(tc  had  left  that  to  the  two  coiniiiaiiderH. 
After  they  had  marched  rtv(!  or  six  dayH,  they  called  a  council  to  deteriiiinu 
upon  what  place  they  would  attempt.  In  this  council,  it  was  (hdmted,  on  tho 
part  of  tin!  French,  that  Alhany  would  he  tlu;  smallest  phice  tliev  ought  to 
iindeit;ik(.';  lint  thu  lndi(mM  would  not  agree  to  it.  They  (contended  that,  with 
their  small  force,  an  attack  upon  Alhany  would  he  attended  with  extn^nio 
ha/iud.  The  French  being  strenuous,  the  dilmte  grew  warm,  and  an  Indian 
chief  asked  them  "how  long  it  was  siiic(!  they  had  so  much  courage."  To 
this  s<!ven;  reliiik(!  it  was  answered,  that,  if  hy  some  past  actions  they  had 
(liscovenHl  cowardice,  tlu^y  should  se(!  that  now  they  would  n^trieve  their 
character  ;  they  would  take  Alhany  or  die  in  the  att(!mpt.  The  Indians,  how- 
ever, would  not  consent,  and  the  council  hroke  up  without  agreeing  ujiou  any 
thing  hut  to  jaoceed  on. 

Tiuy  continued  their  march  until  they  came  to  a  place  where  their  ])ath 
divided  into  two;  one  of  which  led  to  Albany,  and  tlu;  other  to  Schenectady: 
here  Mnnlel  gave  up  his  (hisign  upon  Albany,  and  they  inarched  on  hiu-moui- 
oiisly  for  the  former  village.  The  weather  wiis  very  severe,  and  for  the  nine 
following  days  the  little  army  suffered  incredibli!  hardshi|»s.  The  men  were 
often  obliged  to  wade  through  water  up  to  their  knees,  breaking  its  ice  at 
ev<!ry  step. 


*  Sec  Book  V. 


34 


DESTRUCTION  OF  aCHENE(;TAI)Y. 


[Book  I 


At  4  o'clock  ill  the  iiK/iiiiiifr,  tlic  licf;iiiiiiiii.'()rF«!lini!irv,  tlioynriivcd  'vithin 
two  Iciiifiics  ol'  f^clifiicctndy.  lit  re  iIk;}  lijilti  (I,  iiiul  the  (Jiriit  .litincr,  cliid' 
Dl'liic  lro(|ii((is  ol'tlic  I'allj-  nl'St.  I.oiiis,  riiiidf  a  s|)cccli  to  tliciii.  lie  cxlioitcd 
evc'iA  one  lo  loiirct  the  liiirdsliips  llicy  ii.id  riidiind,  in  tin:  liojn'  of  avcii^riii}.' 
tii<^  wii  iijfs  tlicy  had  llir  a  loii^'  time  siiO'rrtd  Iroiii  tlic  |K'ilidious  Miijihsli, 
who  were  the  aiitliors  ot'  ihi-iii;  and  in  tiic  cl.i.si^  added,  that  they  conUI  iioi 
doiiht  of  tilt)  assistuiicc  of  Heaven  ajj;aiiist  the  enemies  of  God,  iji  u  caiiw 
so  J  list. 

JIardlyliad  they  taken  ii|)  their  line  of  inareli,  wlieii  t!ieyniit40  Indian 
women,  who  frave  them  all  the  necessary  inHuination  fir  a|>|iroachinff  thr 
place  in  safety.  A  Canadian,  named  (liicitiar,  was  dctiiched  immediately  with 
nine  Indians  ii|ion  discovery,  who  ac(|nilt('d  himself  to  the  entire  satisfiictioii 
of  his  oliicers.  He  reconnoitred  tscheuectady  at  hi.s  leiftiire,  and  then  rejoined 
liis  eomrad(\s. 

It  had  heeii  determined  \i\  tiie  ptirty  to  put  otf  the  attack  one  day  longer; 
but  on  ;hearr'val  of  the  .scout  under  Giguicn;  it  wa.s  resolveil  to  proceed 
without  (((day. 

Schenectady  was  then  in  form  like  tiiat  of  a  loiif^  square,  and  entered  l»y 
two  gates,  one  at  each  end.  One  opened  towards  Alliaiiy,  the  other  ii|)on  the 
great  road  leadiiifj;  into  tlii!  hack  country,  and  which  was  now  possessed  hy 
the  French  and  Indians.  Manld  and  .SV.  Hiline  cliarfred  at  the  second 
fjat«',  whiidi  the  Indian  women  before  mentioned  had  assured  them  was 
always  open,  and  they  ibimd  it  so,  U^Hxrvillc  and  li(j)ciili<i:ni  jiassed  to  tliu 
left,  in  order  to  enter  hy  the  other  fiate,  but,  after  losiiifj'  somi-  lime  in  vainly 
endeavoring  to  tind  it,  were  obliged  to  return  and  enter  with  their  comrades. 

The  gate  was  not  only  open  hut  unguarded,  and  the  wh(de  party  entered 
without  being  discovered.  Dividing  themselves  into  several  parties,  they 
waylaid  every  portal,  and  then  the  war-whoop  was  raised.  MmiM  Ibrined 
und  attacked  a  garrison,  where  the  only  resistance  of  any  account  was  made. 
The  gate  of  it  was  .soon  forced,  and  all  of  the  Kngli.sb  fell  by  the  sword,  and 
the  garri.son  was  burned.  Monlifrni  was  woundc'd,  in  forcing  a  house,  in  his 
arm  and  hody  by  two  blows  of  a  halberd,  which  pnt  him  hors  du  combat;  but 
St.  Hdrnt  being  come  to  his  assistance,  the  house  was  taken,  and  the  wounds 
oi Montv^ni  revenged  by  the  death  of  all  who  had  shut  themselves  up  in  it. 

Nothing  was  now  to  be  seen  but  massacre  and  pillage  in  every  place.  At 
tlie  end  of  about  two  hours,  the  chiefs,  believing  it  due  to  their  .sifl.'ty,  jiosted 
bodies  of  guards  at  all  the  avenues,  to  prevent  surprise,  and  the  rest  of  the 
night  wus  spent  in  refreshing  themselves. 

Mnntct  had  given  orders  that  the  minister  of  the  jilncc  should  be  sjiarcd, 
vnom  i.e  had  intended  for  his  own  ])risoner;  but  he  was  found  among  the 
pr^i.iisciious  dfad,  and  no  one  knew  wiieu  be  was  killed,  und  all  his  papers 
were  burned. 

After  the  \y\nce  was  destroyed,  the  chiefs  ordered  all  the  casks  of  intoxicat- 
ing liijuors  to  be  staved,  to  jirevent  their  men  Irom  getting  drunk.  They 
next  set  all  the  hoiist^s  on  fire,  excepting  that  of  a  widow,  into  which  jMontigiii 
had  been  carried,  and  another  belonging  to  Major  Cotidre:  they  were  in  num- 
ber about  40,  all  well  built  and  I'urnished  ;  iio  booty  hut  that  which  could  he 
easily  Ii.nisporti'd  was  saved.  The  lives  of  about  (50  persons  were  spared; 
chiefly  women,  children,  and  old  men,  who  had  escaped  the  fury  "f  the  onset, 
and  .'io  Indians  who  happened  to  he  then  in  the  place.  The  lives  of  the 
Indians  were  spared  that  they  might  carry  the  news  of  what  had  happened  to 
their  comitrynicn,  whom  they  were  reijiiest' d  to  inform,  that  it  was  not 
agiiinst  them  that  tli(\v  intendeil  any  harm,  but  to  the?  riiiglish  only,  whom 
the}'  had  now  despoiled  of  projierty  to  liie  amount  of  four  hundred  thousand 
pounds. 

They  were  too  near  Albaii}'  to  remain  lon<r  among  the  ruins,  and  they 
deciimped  about  noon.  The  plunder — .Mnnl{<sni,  whom  it  was  necessary 
to  carry — the  prisoners,  who  were  to  the  nnmb'r  of  40 — and  llii'  want  of 
provisioiKs,  with  which  they  had  in  their  hurry  neglected  to  jirovide  them- 
selves— retarded  niuidi  their  retreat.  Many  would  liave  even  died  of  famine, 
hud  they  not  had  50  horses,  of  which  there  remained  but  six  when  they 


Chap,  hi  ] 


MURDER  OF  MISS  M'CREA. 


35 


'-  arrived  at  Montreal,  upon  tlie  27  Mareli  following.*     Their  want  of  jjrovision.^ 

i  olilifriMJ  tlieiii  to  separate,  and  in  an  attaek  wliieli  wan  made  iijion  one  party, 

■  tliri  e  Indians  and  six  Fn  iielnnen  wore  killed  or  taken  ;  an  attaek,  uliicli,  for 

want  of  proper  caution,  eost  the  army  more  lives  than  the  ea|)tun!  of  iSehe- 

nectadv  ;  in  whleli  they  lost  hut  two  men,  a  rrenehman  and  an  Indian. 

Mnrilrr  of  Ml  us  Jane  McCrca.—'Y\\\A  young  lady  "  was  the  s(>cnnd  daughter 
of  Jdines  McVrta,  ministi-r  of  F-amington,  iSfew  Jcn-sey,  who  diiul  Im fore  the 
revolution.  Alter  his  death,  she  resided  with  hi-r  hrother,  Colonel  Joliu.McCrea 
of  Albanv,  who  removed  in  177;J  to  the  neighhorhood  of  Fort  Fidward.  His 
liouse  was  in  what  is  now  Northundierland,  on  tlie  west  side  of  the  Hudson, 
three  miles  north  of  Fort  Miller  Falls.  In  July  or  August,  1777,  being  on  a  visit 
to  the  fiimily  of  Mrs.  McJVeil,  near  Fort  iMlward,  ut  the  close  of  the  W(;ek,  slu!  was 
asked  to  remain  until  Monday.  On  Sunday  morning,  when  the  Indians  came 
to  th(!  house,  she  concealed  hei-self  in  the  cellar:  hut  they  dragged  \wv  out  by 
the  hair,  and,  jtlacing  her  on  a  horse,  proceeded  on  the  road  towards  Sandy 
Hill.  They  soon  met  anotlun-  |)arty  of  Indians,  retin-ning  from  Argyle,  where 
they  had  killed  the  fcmily  of  .Mr. /irtuis ;  these  Indians  disapproved  the  pur- 
|)ose  of  taking  the  cii|)tive  to  t!ie  British  camp,  and  one  of  them  struck  her 
with  a  tomahawk  and  tore  oft"  her  scalp.  This  is  the  account  givon  hy  her 
nephew.  Tin;  account  of  .Mrs.  .l/c.VeiY  is,  that  her  lover,  anxious  for  her 
safety,  employed  two  Indians,  with  the  j)romise  of  a  barrel  of  rum,  to  bring 
her  to  him  ;  and  that,  in  conse(|uence  of  their  dispute  for  the  right  of  conduct- 
ing her,  one  of  them  minden-d  lu^r.  (ien.  Gates,  in  his  letter  to  Gen.  liurifoyne 
of  2  Si'j)tend)Pr,  says,  'she  was  dressed  to  receive  her  promised  husband.' 

"  Her  brother,  on  hearing  of  her  fiife,  sent  his  family  the  ne.vt  day  to  Albany, 
and,  repairing  to  the  .American  camp,  buried  his  sister,  with  one  Lii^utenant 
Van  Vcchtcn,  three  miles  south  of  Fort  Fdward.  She  was  23  years  ol<l,  of  an 
anfiable  and  virtuous  character,  and  liighly  esteemed  by  all  her  accpiaintance. 
It  is  said,  and  was  believed,  that  she  was  engaged  ii:  i  :urriage  to  Captain 
David  Joins,  of  the  liritish  army,  a  loyalist,  who  smvived  her  only  a  few 
yeai-s,  and  died,  as  was  supposed,  of  grief  fi)r  her  loss.  Her  nephew,  Colonel 
James  MrCrea,  lived  at  Saratoga,  in  1823."  f 

Under  the  name  of  Ludndn,  liadoiv  has  dwelt  upon  this  murder  in  a  strain 
that  may  be  imitated,  but  not  surpassed.     We  select  from  him  as  follows: — 

"Ono  (lord  sli;ill  loll  wlial  famo  ajrcnt  Alhioii  draws 
From  llicsc  niixili.irs  in  her  hnrU'rotis  cause, — 
Liicinilii's  fate.     The  tale,  ye  nations,  hear  j 
Elenial  aj;'('s,  trace  it  with  a  tear." 

The  poet  then  makes  Lucinda,  diu'ing  a  battle,  wander  from  her  home  to 
watch  her  lov<'r,  whom  he  calls  Heartlif.  She  distinguishes  him  in  the  con- 
flict, and,  when  his  s(piadron  is  routed  by  the  Americans,  she;  proceeds  to  tho 
contested  ground,  fancying  she  had  seen  him  fall  at  a  certain  point.     But 

'   l>i.  hurries  to  his  lent; — oh,  rajje !  despair! 

No  triiinpse,  no  liding's,  oC  the  frantic  (air; 

Save  that  some  carmen,  as  a-camp  they  drove, 

Had  seen  her  coursing  for  the  weslern  afrove. 

Fi  iiit  with  faliiifue,  and  choked  wiili  hurning'  thirst, 

Fo.  th  from  his  friends,  %villi  honndiiiir  leap,  he  burst, 

Vau'ts  o'er  the  palisade   with  eyes  on  flame, 

And  li'ls  the  welkin  with  [.iicinda's  name." 
"The  fair  one,  too,  of  every  aid  forlorn. 

Had  raved  and  wandered,  till  otlicioiis  mom 

Awaked  the  Mohawks  from  their  short  repose, 

To  glean  the  plunder  ere  their  comrades  rose. 

Two  .Mohawks  met  the  maid historian,  hold!  "^ 

"She  starts — with  eyes  upturned  and  lieelinij  breath, 

In  their  raised  axes  views  her  instant  death. 

Her  hair,  half  lost  alons^  the  shrubs  she  passed, 

Rolls,  in  loose  tanffles.  roimd  her  lovely  waist  ; 

Her  kerchief  torn  betrays  the  [(lobes  of  snow^ 

Tiiat  heave  responsive  io  lier  weight  of  woe. 


*  There  is  no  doubt  but  that  they  were  oliliged  to  subsist  chiefly  upon  their  horses. 
\  President  Allen's  American  Biographical  Dictionary,  374. 


36 


HEROISM  OF  MRS.  MERRIL.— WHITE    INDIANS. 


[Book  I 


With  calculating  pause  and  demon  erin 

Tlicy  seize  her  hands,  and,  through  Iter  face  divine, 

Drive  the  descending  axe ! — the  sliriek  she  sent 

Attained  her  lover's  car;  ho  thilher  bent 

With  all  the  speed  his  wearied  limbs  could  yield. 

Whirled  his  keen  blade,  and  stretched  upon  the  field 

The  yelling  fiends,  who  there  ilisputing  stood 

Her  gory  scalp,  their  horrid  prize  of  blood ! 

He  sunk,  delirious,  on  her  lifeless  clay, 

And  passed,  in  starts  of  sense,  the  dreadful  day." 

In  a  note  to  the  above  passages,  Mr.  Barlow  says  this  tragical  story  of  Miss 
McCrea  is  detailed  almost  hterally. 

from  a 


'^  Extraordinanj  instance  of  female  heroism,  extracted  fri 
Col.  Jaines  Perry  to  the  Rev.  Jordan  Dodge,  dated  JVelson  Co.. 


letter  tvritten  ii/ 
Aiy.,  20  Jipril, 
1788." — "On  the  first  of  April  inst.,  a  number  of  Indians  surrounded  tlie 
house  of  one  John  Merril,  which  was  discovered  by  tiie  barking  of  a  dog. 
Merril  stepjjcd  to  the  door  to  see  what  he  coiihl  discover,  and  received  thiep 
musket-balls,  which  caused  him  to  fall  back  into  the  house  witli  a  broken  Icj; 
and  arm.  The  Indians  rushed  on  to  the  door  ;  but  it  being  instantly  fastened 
by  his  wife,  who,  with  a  girl  of  about  15  years  of  age,  stood  against  it,  tlip 
savages  could  not  immediately  enter.  They  broke  one  part  of  the  door,  and 
one  of  them  crowded  partly  through.  Tiie  heroic  mother,  in  the  midst  of  her 
screaming  children  and  groaning  husband,  seized  an  axe,  and  gave  a  fatal 
blow  to  the  savage  ;  and  he  falling  headlong  into  the  house,  the  others,  sup- 

1)osing  they  had  gained  their  end,  ruslied  after  him,  until  four  of  them  fell  in 
ike  manner  Iwfore  they  discovered  their  mistake.  The  rest  retreated,  which 
gave  opporninity  again  to  secure  the  door.  The  conquerors  rejoiced  in  t]ieir 
victory,  hoping  they  had  killed  the  whole  company ;  but  their  expectations 
were  soon  dashed,  by  finding  the  door  again  attacked,  which  the  bold  mother 
endeavored  once  more  to  secure,  with  the  assistance  of  the  young  woman. 
Their  fears  now  came  on  them  like  a  flood  ;  and  they  soon  heard  a  noise  on 
the  top  of  the  house,  and  then  found  the  Indians  were  coming  down  the 
chimney.  All  hopes  of  deliverance  seemed  now  at  an  end  ;  but  the  wounded 
man  ordered  his  little  child  to  tumble  a  couch,  that  was  filled  with  hair  and 
feathers,  on  the  fire,  which  made  such  a  smoke  that  two  stout  Indians  came 
tumbling  down  into  it.  The  wounded  man,  at  this  critical  moment,  seized  a 
billet  of  wood,  wounded  as  he  was,  and  with  it  succeeded  in  despatching  the 
half-smothered  Indians.  At  the  same  moment,  the  door  was  attempted  by 
another ;  but  the  heroine's  arm  had  become  too  enfeebled  by  her  over-exertions 
to  deal  a  deadly  blow.  She  however  caused  him  to  retreat  wounded.  They 
then  again  set  to  work  to  make  tlieir  house  more  secure,  not  knowing  but 
another  attack  would  be  made ;  btit  they  were  not  further  disturbed.  This 
affair  happened  in  the  evening,  and  the  victors  carefully  watched  with  their 
new  family  until  morning.  A  prisoner,  that  escaped  immediately  after,  said 
the  Indian  last  mentioned  was  the  only  one  that  escaped.  He,  ci'  returning  to 
his  friends,  was  asked.  '  What  news  ? '  said,  '  Plagiiy  bad  news,  for  the  squaws 
fight  worse  than  the  long-knives.'  This  afl'air  happened  at  Ncwbardstowii, 
about  15  miles  from  Sandy  Creek,  and  may  be  depended  upon,  as  I  had  the 
pleasure  to  assist  in  tumbling  them  into  a  hole,  after  they  were  stripped  of 
their  head-dresses,  and  about  20  dollars'  wortli  of  silver  fui'niture." 


wliiti 
the  \v(| 

UllNVill'l 

white. 
on  ii 
River 
inforiiil 
givinirl 


Welsh  or  White  Indians. 

"  JVarrative  of  Capt.  Isaac  Stuart,  of  the  Provincial  Cavalru  of  South  Carolina, 
taken  from  his  otvn  mouth,  by  I.  C,  Esq.,  March,  1782. 

"I  was  taken  prisoner,  about  50  miles  to  the  westward  of  Fort  Pitt,  al)oiit 
18  years  ago,  by  the  Indians,  and  carried  to  the  Wabash,  with  other  white 
men.  They  were  executed,  with  circumstances  of  hoi-rid  barbarity ;  btit  it 
was  my  good  forttme  to  call  forth  the  sympathy  of  a  good  woman  of  the 
village,  who  was  permitted  to  redeem  me  from  those  who  Iseld  mo  prisoner, 
by  giving  them  a  horse  as  a  ransom.  After  remaining  two  years  in  bondage, 
a  Spaniard  came  to  the  nation,  having  been  ^ent  from  Mexico  ou  diBcoveries. 


INDIANS. 


vine, 


[Book  I 


iCHAP.  Ill] 


WHITE  INDIANS. 


37 


5  field 


tragical  story  of  Miss 

om  a  letter  written  bii 
on  Co.,  %.,  20  ^prit 
lans  surrounded  the 
le  harking  of  a  dos. 
r,  and  received  tJirer 
se  witli  a  broken  Ic.r 
iig  instantly  fastened 
stood  against  it,  tlio 
»ait  of  the  door,  and 
•,  in  tiio  midst  of  Irt 
"*,  and  gave  a  IJital 
use,  tlie  others,  sun- 
four  of  them  fell  in 
est  retreated,  which 
•rs  rejoiced  in  tJ.eir 
t  their  expectations 
cli  tlie  bold  mother 
the  young  woman, 
n  lieard  a  noise  on 
coming  down  the 
;  hut  the  woimded 
filled  with  hair  and 
stout  Indians  camo 
[  moment,  seized  a 
in  despatching  the 
was  attempted  hy 
her  over-exertions 
wounded.     They 
not  knowing  but 
disturbed.     This 
matched  with  their 
Bdiately  after,  said 
[e,  c:.  retuniing  to 
vs,  lor  the  squaws 
t  Newbardstowii, 
pon, as  I  had  the 
were  stripped  of 
iture," 


f  South  Carolina, 

782, 

I"'ort  Pitt,  a!)oiit 
'ith  other  white 
barbarity ;  but  it 
I  woman  of  the 
Id  mo  prisoner, 
L'ars  in  bondage, 

on  discoveries. 


He  /iiadc  application  to  the  chiefs  of  the  Indians  fir  hiring  me,  and  another 
'  wliitc  man  wlio  was  in  tli(!  like  situation,  a  native  of  Wales,  and  named  Jolin 
%l)(H'(%  wliicli  was  complied  with.     We  took  our  dtsparture  and  travelled  to 
15'  the  westward,  crossing  the  Missi.ssijtpi  near  Red  Hiver,  up  which  we  travelled 
;   uiiwardrt  of  700  rnili-s.     Here  we  came  to  a  nation  of  Indians  remarkably 
white,  and  whose  hair  was  of  a  reddish  color,  at  least,  mostly  so.     They  lived 
on  a  small  river  which  emptied  itself  into  Red  River,  which  they  (ailed  the 
River  I'ost ;  and  in  the  morning,  the  day  after  our  arrival,  the  W<'lshman 
inli)rnic(l  iiu;  that  he  w'"<  determined  to  remain  with  the  nation  of  Indians, 
giving  as  a  reason  that  he  understood  their  language,  it  being  very  little  diHer- 
ent  from  the  Welsh,    My  curiosity  was  excited  very  much  by  this  information, 
and  I  went  with  my  companion  to  the  chief  men  of  the  town,  who  informed 
hiui,  in  a  language  that  I  had  no  knowledge  of,  and  which  had  no  afVmity  with 
that  of  any  other  Indian  tongue  that  I  ever  heard,  that  the  forefathers  of  this 
nation  came  from  a  foreign  country,  and  landed  on  the  east  side  of  the  Missis- 
sippi (describing  |)articularly  the  coimtry  now  called  West  Florida);  and  that, 
on  the  S|)aniards  taking  possession  of  the  country,  they  fled  to  tluMr  then 
abode ;  and,  as  a  proof  of  what  they  advanced,  they  brought  out  rol's  of 
parcliruent  wrote  with  blue  ink,  at  least  it  had  a  bluish  cast.     The  characters 
I  did  not  understand,  and  the  Welshman  being  unacquainted  with  letters  of 
any  language,  I  was  not  able  to  know  what  the  meaning  of  the  writing  was. 
They  were  a  bold,  hardy,  intrepid  people,  very  warlike,  and  their  women 
were  beautifid,  compared  with  other  Indians," 

Thus  we  have  given  so  much  of  Caj)tain  Stuarfs  narrative  as  relates  to  tho 
WniTE  LNniANs,  The  remainder  of  it  is  taken  u[)  in  details  of  several  excur 
sions,  of  many  hundred  miles,  in  the  interior  of  the  continent,  without  any 
extraordinary  occurrence,  except  the  finding  of  a  gold  mine.  He  returned  by 
way  of  the  Mississij)|)i,  and  was  considered  a  nian  of  veracity  by  the  late 
Lieutenant-colonel  Cruder,  of  South  Carolina,  who  recommended  him  to  the 
gentl(!man  who  coiinnunicated  his  narrative, 

I  had  determined  formerly  to  devote  a  chapter  to  the  examination  of  the 
subject  of  the  White  Indians  ;  but,  on  referen»-e  to  all  the  .sources  of  informa- 
tion in  my  j)ossession,  I  found  that  the  wiioJe  rested  u|»on  no  other  eutliority 
than  such  as  we  have  given  above,  an<l  therefore  concluded  to  giv(!  the  most 
interesting  j)arts  of  the  accounts  without  comment,  and  let  the  reader  draw 
his  own  conclusions.  There  seem  to  have  been  a  good  many  accounts  con- 
cerning the  White  Indians  in  circw'ation  about  the  same  jieriod,  and  the  next 
we  shall  notice  is  tbimd  in  Mr.  Oiarles  Beatty^s  journa],  the  substance  of  which 
is  as  f()llovvs  : — 

At  the  f!)ot  of  the  Allcghnny  Mountains,  in  Pennsylvania,  Mr,  lieaili/  stopped 
at  tiie  house  of  a  Mr,  Johri  Miller,  where  Ik;  "  met  with  one  lieujaiuin  Sutton, 
who  had  been  taken  raptive  l»y  the  Indians,  and  had  be(!n  in  different  nations, 
and  lived  (uany  years  among  them.  When  be  was  with  the  Choctaws,  at  the 
IMississip|)i  Rivei-,  he  went  to  an  Indian  town,  a  very  considerable  distance 
fiom  N(!W  Orleans,  whose  inhabitants  were  of  different  complexions,  not  so 
tawny  as  those  of  the  other  Indians,  and  who  sjtoke  Welsii.  lb;  saw  a  book 
ainoiig  fliein,  which  he  suppo.sed  was  a  Wel.sh  Bible,  which  they  carefidly 
kept  wrapped  up  in  a  skin,  but  they  coidd  not  read  it;  and  he  heard  some 
of  tiiosi'  Indians  afterwards,  in  the  lower  Shawanee  town,  speak  Welsh  with 
one  Lewis,  a  Welshman,  captive  there.  This  W(!lsh  tribe  now  live  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Mississip])i,  a  great  way  above  Ntnv  Orleans," 

At  Tuscarora  valley  he  met  with  another  man,  named  Levi  Hicks,  who  had 
been  a  captive  li-om  his  youth  with  tlic;  Indians.  Hi;  said  he  was  once  attend- 
ing an  enibassy  at  an  Indian  town,  on  the  west  si(h'  of  the  Mississippi,  where 
tli(>  iidiabitants  spoke  Welsh,  "as  he  was  told,  for  be  did  not  understand 
thetn  "  himself  An  Indian,  named  Joseph  Peepij,  Mr.  lieallifs  interpreter,  said 
he  once  saw  some  Indians,  whom  he  supposed  to  Ixt  of  tlie  same  tribe,  who 
talked  Welsh,  He  was  sun;  they  talked  Welsh,  for  he  had  been  acquainted 
with  Welsh  people,  and  knew  .some  words  they  used. 

To  tli(!  above  Mr.  lieaftif  adds:  "I  have  been  iidbrtned,  that  many  years 
ago,  a  clergyman  went  frotii  Britain  to  Virginia,  and  having  lived  some  time 
there,  went  from  thence  to  ?.  Carolina ;  but  after  some  time,  for  some  reason, 
4 


38 


WHITE]  INDIANS. 


[Book  I 


he  resolved  to  return  to  Virgiuin,  aiul  accordingly  set  out  by  land,  accoin. 
puiiied  witii  some  other  persons.  In  travelling  through  the  luiek  |)arts  oC  the 
country,  whieh  was  then  very  tliinly  ii'lial)ite(l,  he;  fell  in  witii  a  jmrty  of  In. 
dian  warriors,  going  to  attaek  the  iiihahiuints  of  Virginia.  Upon  examiniiif! 
the  clergyman,  and  finding  he  was  going  to  Virginia,  tliey  looked  upon  Jiiiu 
and  liis  companions  as  belonging  to  tiiat  province,  and  took  them  all  |irisoii(rs, 
and  told  them  they  must  die.  The  clergyman,  in  preparation  for  anotli  r 
world,  went  to  prayer,  and,  being  a  Welshman,  prayed  in  tJie  Welsh  langiingr, 
One  or  more  ol"  the  Indians  wius  much  surprised  to  hear  him  pray  in  their 
own  language.  Upon  this  they  spoke  to  him,  and  finding  he  could  under- 
stand them,  got  the  sentence  of  death  reversed,  and  his  lift;  was  saved.  They 
took  him  with  them  into  their  country,  where  he  found  a  tribe  whosi;  native 
language  was  Welsh,  though  the  tlialect  was  a  little  different  from  his  own, 
which  lie  soon  came  to  under.-tand.  They  sbowed  him  a  book,  which  lie 
found  to  be  the  Hibie,  but  which  they  could  not  read;  and  on  his  reading  and 
e.\j)laining  it,  their  regard  for  him  was  much  heightened."  After  some  time, 
the  minister  proposed  to  these  jx'opl  to  return  to  his  own  country,  and  prom- 
ised to  return  again  to  them  with  oi  crs  of  bis  friends,  who  would  itistrnct 
tliem  in  Christianity  ;  but  noi  long  after  his  return  to  England,  be  died,  which 
put  an  end  to  liis  design. 

It  is  very  natural  to  intpiire  how  tbese  Indians,  though  descended  from  the 
We'lsb,  fame  by  books ;  for  it  is  well  known  that  the  period  at  which  the 
W(!lsb  must  have  come  to  America,  was  long  before  printing  was  discovered, 
or  that  any  writings  assumed  the  form  of  books  as  we  now  liave  thciu.  It 
Bbould  be  here  noted  that  iMr.  Bealti/  travelled  in  the  autumn  of  17G(i. 

Major  ifogcrs,  in  Ids  "(.'oncisc  Account  of  North  America,*' published  in 
17()5,  notices  the  White  Indians  ;  but  the  geography  of  their  country  he  leaves 
any  where  on  tb(!  west  of  the  Alississipi)i ;  probably  ninev  having  visited  tliein 
himself,  although  be  ti-lls  us  he  had  travelled  very  extensively  in  tlie  interior, 
'This  fruitful  country,"  hr;  says,  "is  at  jjresent  inhabited  by  a  nation  of  In- 
dians, callert  by  the  others,  the  White  Indians,  on  account  of  their  complex- 
ion ;  they  being  nnich  the;  fairest  Indians  on  the  continent.  Tliey  have,  bow- 
ever,  Indian  eyes,  and  a  certain  jtnilty  Jewish  cast  with  them.  This  nation  is 
very  numerous,  being  able  to  raise  between  20  and  30,000  fighting  men.  Tliey 
have  no  weapons  but  bows  and  arrov,s,  tomahawks,  ;uid  a  kind  of  wooden 
pikes,  for  which  reason  they  otl<;n  sufior  greatly  from  the  eastern  Indians, 
who  have  the  usi;  of  fire-arms,  and  freqM,.„t|y  visit  the  white  Indians  on  tiie 
banks  of  the  easterly  branch,  [oi"  Muddy  lli-cr?]  and  kill  or  capiivate  them 
in  great  nmnbers.  Such  as  fall  alive  into  th.jir  Imiids,  they  generally  sell  for 
slaves.  These  Indians  live  in  large  town.s,  ainl  liave  con'iniodious  hoeises; 
they  raise  corn,  tame  the  wild  cows,  and  use  both  ihe'r  milk  and  flesh  ;  tliev 
kee|)  great  numbers  of  dogs,  and  are  very  dextrous  in  hunting;  they  have  lit- 
tle or  no  commerce  with  any  nation  that  we  at  present  are  ac(|uainted  with." 

In  the  account  of  Kentucky,  writtcni  in  1784,  by  an  (^xcelk^ni  writer,  Mr.  Joint 
Filson,  we  find  as  follows : — .\lier  noticing  the  voyage  of  Madoc,  Avlio  with 
his  ten  shijjs  with  emigrants  sailed  west  about  1170,  and  who  were,  accord- 
ing to  the  Welsh  historians,  luiver  heard  of  after,  be  proceeds: — "Tlusaccoimt 
has  at  several  times  drawn  the  attention  of  the  world  ;  but  as  no  vestiges  of 
them  had  then  been  found,  it  was  concluded,  |)erl;a|)s  too  rashly,  to  be  a  fable, 
or  at  least  that  no  remains  of  the  colony  existed.  Of  late  years,  however,  the 
western  settlers  have  received  fnujuent  accounts  of  a  nation,  inhabiting  at  a 
great  distance  up  the  IMissouri,  in  manners  and  appearance  resembling  tlio 
other  Indians,  but  speaking  Welsh,  and  retaining  some  ceremonies  of  tlit 
Christian  worslii|);  and  at  length  this  is  universally  btdieved  there  to  be  a  fiat. 
Ca[)t.  Jlhraham  Cltdplnui,  of  Iventucky,  a  gentleman  whose  veracity  may  he 
entirely  depended  upon,  assured  the  author  that  in  the  hite  war  [revolutiou] 
being  with  his  company  in  garrison,  at  Kaskaskia,  some  Indians  came  there, 
and,  speaking  the  Welsh  dialect,  were  perfectly  undei'stood  and  conversucl 
with  by  two  Welshmen  in  his  compatiy,  and  that  they  iidbrmed  them  of  the 
situation  of  their  nation  as  mentioned  al)ove." 

Htnry  Ker,  who  travelkul  among  I'.i  tribes  of  Indians  in  1810,  &C.,  names 
one  near  a  great  mountain  which  lie  calls  Muacedeus.     He  said  Dr.  Sibley 


Chai'.  i| 

had  f' 

chilli,  till 

/•\viiriis  (j 

jwindicattf 

'>  found   11 

ad.l- ;  '1 

,   aided  U 

"printfil 

a  ti-aditil 

anotiierl 

ly  print| 

casting 

havf  tiiil 

Indians^ 

1  low- 
not  givtl 
Thenl 
after  an  I 
of  inti)r 
safely 
Missour 
to  estab 
clloo^ 
to  autho 
d(d\awai 
icuhoriti 


■..js 


[Book  I 

)ut  by  land,  accoin. 
lie  Itack  parts  ol"  tljc 
witli  u  jJarty  of  Jn. 
I.  Upon  oxaniiiiiiig 
y  looked  upon  liin, 
V  tlifMi  all  prisoners, 
•uration  lor  anotli  r 
t.'io  WfUli  lanifn;ij.'p, 
r  iiini  pray  in  tlioir 
mg  lie  coulil  undcr- 
b  was  saved.  Tlioy 
I  tribe  wbose  native 
L-rent  from  bis  own, 
I  a  book,  wjiicb  lie 
1  on  bis  readinj,'  and 
After  some  time, 
roimtry,  and  proni- 
wiio  woidd  instnict 
and,  bo  died,  wbicli 

lescended  from  tiie 
criod  at  wbicli  the 
ing  was  discovered, 
ow  bave  tliciii.    It 
nn  of  17G(i, 
srica,"  ])ublisbed  in 
r  country  be  leaves 
liaving  visited  tliein 
vely  in  tbe  interior, 
by  a  nation  of  lu- 
of  tbeir  comjilex- 
Tiiey  bave,  bow- 
11.     Tills  nation  is 
gluing  men.   Tbey 
a  kind  of  wooden 
eastern  Indians, 
ite  Indians  on  tlie 
or  captivate  tli(  m 
V  generally  sell  for 
iniodioiis  boiisus; 
Ik  and  Hesb  ;  tliey 
ng;  tliey  bave  lit- 
aecpiainted  with." 
•  I  writer,  Mv.Jnlm 
Madoc,  vvlio  with 
vbo  were,  accord- 
; — "Tins  account 
IS  no  vestijrofj  of 
ly,  to  be  a  rabic, 
irs,  bow-ever,  the 
I,  inbabiting  at  a 
resembling  tlio 
renionies  ol"  the 
lere  to  be  a  liict. 
veracity  may  Im 
war  [revolution] 
aiis  came  there, 
and  conversed 
lied  them  of  the 

810,  (itc,  names 
e  said  Dr.  Sibley 


AMF.RICAN   ANTIQUITIES. 


39 


"Chap.  TV] 

'%,i,\  tnll  biin,  wben  at  Natcbitocbes,  that  a  number  of  travellers  bad  fissured 

f^ir.    tint  there  wa-  a  strong  similarity  between  die  Indian  language  anil  many 

Cv  iriis  of  tb<'  Welsh.     Mr.  Kcr  found  nothing  among  any  of  tbe  Iii.liaiis  to 

*indi(".te  a  Welsh  origin  until  be  arrived  among  the  Miiacedeus.     Here  bo 

■found  many  customs  whicb  were  Welsh,  or  common  to  that  people,  am,  no 

ndd^-  "1  d'idnot  understand  die  Welsh  language,  or  I  slioidd  have  been  en- 

nble.l  to  bave  thrown  more  light  ujion  so  interestbig  a  subject,    as  they  had 

"Diint.'d  books  among  them  which  were  j. reserved  with  great  care,  they  having 

a  tradition  that  tliev  were  bionght  there  by  their  forefathers."     Upon  this,  ui 

another  i)lae(;,  li(!  observes,  "The  books  appeared  very  ohi,  and  were  evideiit- 

Iv  printed  at  a  time  when  there  bad  been  very  little  improvement  made  in  the 

c-is'liii"  of  tviies.     I  obtained  a  few  leaves  from  one  of  the  chiefs,  suliicient  to 

b'av.' tlu-owi'i  light  on  the  subject;  but  in  my  siibseciiient  disputes  with  tlio 

IiidiaiH   I  lost  them,  and  all  my  endeavors  to  obtain  more,  wen;  meliectual. 

llow'or  at  what  time  these  Indians  obtained  "  printed  book.s,"  Mr.  Ker  does 
not  'dve  iis  his  opinion ;  altbougb  be  says  niiicli  more  about  them. 

There  arc  a  great  number  of  others  who  bave  nftticed  these  Indi  iiis  ;  but 
after  an  examination  of  them  all,  I  am  unable  to  add  much  to  the  above  st*  ck 
of  intbrmatioii  concerning  them.  Ujion  the  whole,  we  think  it  may  be  pn  tty 
saf'ly  said,  tl.at  tho  existence  of  a  race  of  Welsh  about  the  regions  of  the 
fllissoiiri  does  .lot  rest  on  so  good  authority  as  that  which  lias  been  adcbu-ed 
to  establish  tlifc  existence  of  the  sea-serpent.  Should  any  one,  bowever, 
cboo^  .  i:i%e^uig.ne  the  subject  further,  be  will  find  pretty  amjile  refere  ices 
to  authors  in  which  tin!  subject  has  been  noticed,  in  a  note  to  the  life  of  Ma- 
dokawaiido,  in  our  third  book.  In  addition  to  which,  he  may  consulv  the 
II' thorities  of  Moiilton,  as  pointed  out  in  bis  History  of  New  York. 


S0006 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Amf.rican  AN'TKiiJiTiFS — Fcio  Indian  J}nti<iuitks — Of  Mounds  and  their  contents — 
Jiccount  of  those  in  Cincinnati — In  the  Miami  country — Works  supposed  to  hare 
been  built  for  defences  or  fortifications — Some  at  Fi(]ua — JYcar  Hamilton — Milford 

Deerfield — Six  miles  above  Lebanon — On  Paint  Creek — At  Marietta — £t  Circle- 

filllc — Their  age  uncertain — Work^  on  Licking  River — Ancient  excavations  or  wells 
near  JVcioark —  Various  other  tcorks. 

To  describe  the  antiquities  of  America  would  not  require  a  very  great 
amount  of  time  or  space,  if  we  consider  only  those  wliicdi  are  in  reality  such. 
And  as  to  Indian  antiiiuities,  diey  consist  in  nodiing  like  monuments,  says 
IVIr.  Jefferson;  "for,"  be  observes,  "I  would  not  honor  with  that  name,  arrow- 
points,  sloiie  hatchets,  stone  l)ipcs,  and  half-sbapen  images.     Of  labor  on  the 
large  scale,  I  think  there  is  no  remain  as  respectable  as  would  be  a  common 
ditch  for  the  draining  of  lands,  unless  indeed  it  would  be  the  Harrows,  of 
whicb  many  are  to  be  found  all  over  in  this  country.     These  arc  of  different 
sizes,  some  of  them  constructed  of  earth,  and  some  of  loose  stones.    That 
they  were  repositories  of  the  dead,  has  been  obvious  to  all ;  but  on  what  par- 
ticular occasion  constructed,  was  a  matter  of  doubt.     Some  have  thought  they 
covered  tbe  bones  of  those  who  have  fallen  in  battles  fought  on  tbe  spot  of 
interment.     Some  ascribe  them  to  t!ie  custom,  said  to  jircvail  among  tlie  In- 
dians, of  collecting  at  certain  periods  tbe  bones  of  all  their  dead,  wheresoever 
(ieposited  at  the  time  of  death.    Others  again  suppose  them  the  general  S(>pul- 
chres  for  towns,  conjectured  to  bave  been  on  or  near  tlicsi!  grounds  ;  and  this 
oiiinion  was  supported  by  the  quality  of  the  lands  in  which  they  are  found, 
(tiioso  constructed  of  earth  being  generally  in  die  softest  and  most  feriilo 
ineailosv-grounds  on  river  sides,)  and  by  a  tradition,  said  to  be  banded  down 
fioin  the  aboriginal  Indians,  that  when  they  settleil  in  a  town,  tin;  first  |iei-son 
who  (lied  was  |)laced  erect,  and  earth  put  about  him,  so  as  to  cover  and  support 
biin;  and  that  wben  anotlier  died,  a  narrow  passage  was  dug  to  the  firet,  tbe 


40 


AMERICAN  ANTIQl'rni;S. 


[Hook  I 


Chai' 


ll 


acM'oml  rrcliiHid  nfraiiist  liirii,  mid  tlit!  rover  of  earth  rc|)luco(l,(iii(l  so  on.  'riiirc 
lii'iiif,'  OIK!  ol'  these  in  my  in  if-dihorhood,  1  wished  to  stitisty  iiiyself  wheilnr 
any,  and  w  hicii  of  these  opinions  were  just.  For  this  |nn-|>ose,  I  (h'terniimd 
to  open  and  examine  it  thoroii^dily.  Jt  was  si*ialed  on  tlie  low  ".'rounds  (d"  tin; 
IJivanna,  alioiit  two  miles  aiiove  its  principal  fork,  and  opposite  to  some  ,'iills, 
on  which  liad  heeii  an  Indian  town.  It  was  of  a  spheroidal  form  ol'  aljom 
40  tt'ct  diameter  at  the- hase,  and  liad  lieen  of  ahont  I'i  feet  aUiliide,  tlioM<;|| 
now  reduced  hy  the  ploiii,di  to  seven  ami  a  half,  having  iieeii  under  enlii\:i- 
tion  ahout  a  dozen  years.  Jicfore  this  it  was  covered  with  trees  of  V2  iiidn  s 
diameter,  and  round  the  basi!  was  an  excjivalion  of  live  ll-et  dejilh  and  width. 
from  whence  the  earth  had  heen  taken  of  which  tlu^  hillock  was  lornied." 

In  this  mound  my  author  fuimd  aiiimdanee  of  human  Itones,  which,  i'unn 
their  position,  it  was  evident  had  heen  tlirown  or  piled  iiroinisciioiisly  their 
together;  bones  of  the  head  and  feet  being  in  eoiitact;  "souk;  verticjij, 
souk;  ohli(pie,  some  hori/ontal,  and  directed  to  every  point  of  the  conijiass." 
'J'hesi;  hoiK.'s,  wluiii  exposed  to  the  air,  ernnihlcd  to  dust.  Some  of  the  skiilh, 
jaw-bones,  and  teeth,  were  taken  out  nearly  in  a  |)crfeet  state.  1  lit  would  iidl  to 
pieces  on  being  examined.  It  was  evident  that  this  asstMiiblage  of  hones  \\;is 
made  ii|)  from  jiersons  of  all  ages,  and  at  difl'erent  periods  of  time.  Tlic 
niouiid  was  composed  of  alternate  strata  of  bones,  stones,  and  earth.  Heiicu 
it  would  seem  tlia*.  barrows,  or  mounds,  as  they  are  most  usually  calhid,  Wdo 
formed  by  the  Indians,  wlio.-e  custom  it  was  to  collect  the  liones  of  their  de- 
ceased friends  at  certain  periods,  and  deposit  them  together  in  this  munner. 
"But,"  Mr.  Jefferson  observes,  "on  whatever  occasion  they  may  have  be(  n 
made,  they  are  of  considerable  notoriety  among  the  Indians:  for  a  jiaity 
passing,  about  ;}0  years  ago,  through  the  part  of  the  coinitry  where  this  barrow 
is,  went  through  the  woods  directly  to  it,  without  any  instriietioiis  or  iiKpiiiy, 
and  having  staid  about  it  some  time,  with  exjiressioiis  which  were  construecl 
to  Im!  those  of  sorrow,  they  returned  to  the  high  road,  which  they  had  left 
about  half  a  dozen  miles  to  {lay  this  visit,  and  jiursued  tlieir  journey." 

In  these  tumuli  are  usually  found,  with  the  bones,  such  instruments  only  as 
ap[)ear  to  have  been  usetl  for  superstitious  purposes,  ornaments  or  war.  Of 
the  latter  kind,  no  more  formidable  weapons  have  been  discovered  than 
tomahawks,  spears  and  arrow-heads,  which  can  be  su|)pos(!d  to  have  been 
deposited  before  the  arrival  of  Europeans  in  America.  What  Mr.  Jtffirxon 
found  in  the  barrow  he  dissected  liesides  bones,  or  whether  any  thing,  he  does 
not  inform  us.  In  several  of  these  dejifisitories  in  the  city  of  Cincinnati, 
which  Dr.  Daniel  Z>ra^e  examined,  numerous  utensils  were  found.  lie  has 
given  a  most  accurate  account  of  them,  in  which  he  has  shown  Jiimself  no 
less  a  jihilosopher  than  anticpiary.  IIo  divides  them  into  two  classes,  ancient 
and  moflern,  or  ancient  and  more  ancient.  "Among  the  latter,"  he  says,  "there 
is  not  a  single  edifice,  nor  any  ruins  whicii  jirove  the  existence,  in  former  ages, 
of  a  building  eom|)oscd  of  imiierishable  materials.  No  fragment  of  a  coluniii , 
no  bricks  ;  nor  a  single  hewn  stone  large  enough  to  have  been  incorporated 
into  a  wall,  has  been  discovered." 

There  W(>re  several  of  tliesi;  mounds  or  tumuli,  '^0  years  ago,  within  a  short 
space  ill  and  about  Cinc'iinati ;  but  it  is  a  remarkable  fiict,  that  the  |)lains  on 
the  op|)osit(!  side  of  the  Ri\"r  Ohio  have  no  vestiges  of  the  kind.  The  largest 
of  those  in  Cincinnati  was,  in  17!)4,  almiit  .'W  feet  in  height;  but  at  this  time  it 
was  cut  down  to  27  by  order  ot  General  Wayne,  to  make  it  serve  us  a  watch- 
tower  for  a  sentinel.     It  was  about  440  feet  in  circumference. 

Almost  every  traveller  of  late  yeais  has  said  something  upon  the  mounds, 
or  fortifications,  scattered  over  the  sorth  and  west,  fioiii  Florida  to  tin;  lakes, 
and  fi'oin  the  Hudson  to  Mexico  and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  IJy  some  they  are 
reckoned  at  several  thousands.  Mr.  ]}rn"k('nriilgp  sii|)poses  there  may  he 
3000;  but  it  would  not  outrage  probability,  I  presume,  to  set  them  down  <'it 
twice  that  number.  Indeed  no  one  can  form  any  just  estimate  in  ns|>ect  to 
the  number  of  mounds  and  foitiiications  which  have  been  built,  any  more  than 
of  the  period  of  time  which  has  passed  since  they  were  originally  erected,  lor 
several   obvious  reasons ;    one   or  two  of  whicli    may   be   mentioned  : — tlio 

1  dough,  excavations  and  levcillings  for  towns,  roads,  and  various  otiuir  works, 
luve  entirely  destroyed  hundreds  of  them,  which  had  never  heen  diiscribcd 


[DooK  I 

^•1, 1111(1  so  on.  Tlicrc 
ti.sty  liivscir  wlicilnr 
iii-|M>sf',  I  (IcfcniiiiKil 
«'l()\v  •rroiiiids  (/('  i],,, 

•|)l),>silu  lO  SOIIK!    Iiills^ 

oidal   form  of  aliont 

<^«Jt    flllillKlc,  tllOllirl, 

Ix-'fii  iiiidcr  ciiliiui- 

til   flVON  ()(■    ly   illclKs 

I'-ct  (lepili  iiiiil  widili. 
ii'k  was  ioniK'd." 

iKtiics,  uliicli,  /i„,|, 
liroiiii.sciioii.sly  III,. IV 
■t;   "soiiK-   vcrlicjil, 
iiit  ol"  tli(!  compass." 
WoDio  of  tlic  skiillL', 
it«.-.:. lit  would  fiill  to 
iblayo  of  Ijoiics  \\;is 
iods  of  time,     'I'ji,. 
and  cartli.     IFcnce 
usually  calltul,  wcio 
;  houes  of  their  dn. 
ler  in  tliis  jiiaiincr. 
ipy  may  have  Ix,  n 
lians:   for   a  jmrty 
y  where  riiis  banow 
nietjons  or  iii(|iiiry, 
eh  were  fonstriiuil 
liieh  they  Imd  letl 
r  journey," 
n«trunients  only  as 
iieiitH  or  war.     Of 
n  discovered  than 
sed  to  Imve  been 
^Vhat  Ml-.  Jefferson 
any  thin^r,  he  does 
ity  of  Cincinnati, 
■<•  /bund,     ]Ie  luis 
ihown  Jiimself  no 
'o  classes,  ancient 
',"  lie  says,  « then; 
L"e,  in  former  af^cs, 
rientofacohiniii, 
)een  incorporated 

ro,  within  a  short 
hat  the  plains  on 
iiid.  The  larf,nst 
Jilt  at  tliis  time  it 
serve  as  n  watcli- 


HAP.  IV,] 


AMERICAN   ANTKiUITIF.S. 


41 


11  were  co 
'0,  to  ai 


,nd  whoso  sites  cannot  now  lie  ascertained.     Another  preat  destruction  of 
Ihern  ims  lieeii  efH-cted  by  the  chaiifriiif,'  of  the  course  of  rivers, 

Tiieie  an;  various  opinions  about  the  uses  for  which  these;  ancient  reinaiiiH 
triii'ted:  while  some  of  iheiii  are  too  much  like  modern  fonilicatioiis 
iiiiit  of  a  <loui)t  of  their  haviiif?  been  used  for  defence.^  odiers,  nearly 
^  Bimiiar  in  desi{,'ii,  from  dieir  situation  entirely  exclude  the  adoption  of  such  an 
opinion.  Hence  we  find  four  kinds  «tf  reinaius  formed  of  earth :  two  kinds 
of  mounds  or  barrows,  and  two  which  have  been  viewed  as  l()rtilicati()ns. 
Thi'  liaiTows  or  burial  piles  are  distinguished  by  such  as  contain  articles 
which  were  inhumed  with  the  dead,  and  those  which  do  not  contain  them. 
From  what  cause  they  didi'r  in  this  respect  it  is  difficult  to  determine,  Somo 
have  siipiiosed  the   former  to  contain   bones  only  of  warrioi-s,  but  in  such 

III, Is  till'  bones  of  infants  are  Ibuiid,  and  hence  that  hypothesis  is  ovtir- 

thiowii ;  and  indeed  an  hypothesis  can  scarcely  Im;  raised  upon  any  one  mat- 
ter concerning  them  without  almost  a  positive  nssiiranco  that  it  has  bcien 
created  to  be  destroyed. 

As  a  specimen  of'the  contents  of  die  mounds  generally,  the  ifillowing  may 
be  taken ;  Ixiiiig  siicdi  as  J)r.  Drake  found  in  those  ho  examined  : — 1,  (Jylin- 
drical  stones,  such  as  jasper,  rock-crystal, and  granite;  with  a  groove  near  one 
end.  y.  A  eireiilar  piece  of  caiinel  coal,  with  a  laigi;  oiieiiing  in  tin;  centre, 
a-i  though  made  for  tiu^  reception  of  an  axis;  and  adeeji  groove  in  the  circum- 
ference, suitable  for  a  band.  .'J.  A  smaller  article  of  the  same  shap<',  but 
composed  of  |)olishcd  argillaceous  earth,  4.  A  bone,  ornamented  with  several 
carved  lines,  sup|)osed  by  some  to  be  hieroglyphics.  .').  A  sculptural  repre- 
sentation of  the  head  and  beak  of  somo  ra|)acious  bird,  (I.  Lumps  of  lead  ore. 
7.  isinglass  (mica  mcmbranacea).  This  article  is  very  common  in  mounds, 
and  seems  to  have  been  held  in  high  estimation  among  the  peopk;  that  con- 
structed them  ;  but  we  know  not  that  modern  Indians  have  any  particular 
attachme'it  to  it,  A  superior  article,  though  much  like  it,  was  also  in  great 
esteem  among  the  ancient  Mexicans,  8,  Small  jiieces  of  sheet-copper,  with 
perforations.  !>.  I^arger  oblong  pieces  of  the  same  metal,  with  longitudinal 
grooves  and  ridges,  10.  Heads,  or  sections  of  small  hollow  cylinders,  ajipar- 
eiitly  of  bone  or  shell.  II.  Teeth  of  carnivorous  animals.  12.  Large  marine 
shells,  belonging,  |)erliaps,  to  the  genus  bucciniim ;  cut  in  sneli  a  maimer  as 
to  serve  for  domestic  utensils.  These,  and  also  the  teeth  of  animals,  are 
generally  found  almost  entirely  decomjiosed,  or  in  a  state  resembling  chalk. 
i;{.  I'^arlhen  ware.  This  s(;<'ins  to  have  been  made  of  tin;  same  material  as  that 
employtid  by  the  Indians  of  Louisiana  within  our  recollection,  vi«.  pounded 
muscle  and  other  river  shells,  and  earth.  Some  perfect  articles  have  been 
found,  but  they  are  ran;.  Pieces,  or  fragments,  are  very  common.  Upon 
most  of  them,  confused  lines  are  traced,  wliich  doubtless  had  some  meaning; 
but  no  specimen  has  yet  been  found  having  gla/ing  upon  h  like  modern  pot- 
tery. Some  entire  vases,  of  most  uncouth  appearance,  have  been  fbimd.  Mr. 
Mwtihr  of  Ohio,  who  has  jMetty  fully  described  the  western  antiquities,  gives 
an  account  of  a  vessel,  which  seems  to  have  been  used  as  a  jug.  It  was  found 
in  an  ancient  work  on  Cany  Fork  of  (/iimberland  Kiver,  about  four  feet  below 
the  surface.  The  body  of  tlie  vessel  is  made  by  three  heads,  all  joined  together 
at  their  backs.  From  these  places  of  contact  a  neck  is  formed,  which  rises 
about  tlin>e  inches  above  the  heads.  TIk;  orifice  of  this  neck  is  near  two 
inches  in  diameter,  and  the  three  necks  of  tin;  heads  form  die  legs  of  the  vessel 
on  wliith  it  stands  when  ujiright.  TIk;  Heads  an;  all  of  a  size,  being  about 
four  inches  from  the  toji  to  the  chin.  The  fiices  at  the  eyes  are  about  three 
inches  broad,  which  increase  iii  breadth  all  the  way  to  the  chin. 

Of  the  works  calh;d  fortifications,  though  aln-ady  mentioned  in  general 
tcrins,  their  ini|)ortance  demands  a  further  consideration. 

At  Piijiia,  on  the  western  side  of  the  (Jreat  Miami,  there  is  n  circular  wall 
oftardi  inclosing  a  sjiace  of  about  100  feet  in  diameter,  with  an  opening  on 
the  side  most  remoti;  from  the  river,  '' The  adjacent  hill,  at  the  distam-e  of 
half  a  mile,  and  at  tin;  greater  elevation  of  about  100  feet,  is  tli<;  site  of  a  stono 
wall,  nearly  cin-ular,  and  inclosing  perhaps  20  acres.  Tlie  valley  of  the  river 
on  one  sii'e,  and  a  deep  ravine  on  the  odier,  render  the  access  to  three  fourths 
of  this  fortification  extremely  difficult.  The  wall  was  carried  generally  along 
4* 


42 


AMERICAN  ANTIQUITIES. 


[Hook  I. 


lit 


tlio  brow  of  tli«  liill,  in  oiii!  |)Inco  (Icscciuliiiij  a  wliort  distimon  so  as  to  incliidi. 
a  H|)iin<f.  Till'  Milicioiis  liiiicHloiio  ofwliicli  it  was  hiiilt,  lllll^t  liavo  ht^cn  tran.s- 
|)(irt<'(l  from  tliu  bed  of  llic  river,  wliicii,  (or  two  iiiilt:.s  o|i|M)sil('  tlicsc!  works, 
docs  not  at  present  aHord  on»!  of  10  |iounds  wei^lit.  Tliey  exiiiliit  no  marks 
of  tin;  liammer,  or  any  other  tool.  Tin;  wall  was  laid  ujt  williout  mortiu-,  and 
is  now  in  riiinH. 

"  [jower  down  the  same  river,  near  the  month  of  Hole's  Creek,  on  tli(!  |>Iaiii, 
tlierc!  are  remains  of  {i:reat  «'Xtent.  The  iirincipal  wail  or  hank,  which  is  iif 
(virtli,  incloses  ahoiit  I'.'tO  acres,  and  is  ni  som*;  |)nrts  nearly  Vi  fiMJt  lijirli. 
Also  l)(>low  Hamilton,  there  is  a  fortification  iijion  the  top  of  a  hi<;h  hill,  ont  of 
vi(!W  from  the  river,  of  very  ditficnit  approach.  'I'liis  inclos(!S  ahont  50  acres. 
Adjacent  to  this  work  is  a  mound  25  fiset  in  diameter  at  its  hase,  and  about 
seven  feet  perpendicular  altitnde. 

"On  the  elevated  point  of  land  above  the  confhience  of  the  Creat  Miami 
and  Ohio,  there  are  extcjnsivt!  and  oonijilicated  traces,  whi<-li,  in  the  o|»ini()n 
of  tnilitary  men,  eminently  (jiialified  to  judge,  are  the  remains  of  very  strong 


del 


ensive 


works 


In  the  vicinity  of  Milford,  on  the  Little  Miami,  in"e  fortifications,  the  larf,'c.st 
of  which  anMipon  the  top  oi"  the  first  hill  above  the  <'oiifiuence  of  the  ICast  l''ork 
with  the  Miami.  "On  the  opposit(;  side  of  the  Miami  Kiver,  above;  lloniid 
IJottom,  are  similar  anti(|nities  of  considerable  extent.  On  the  J;]ast  l''ork,  at 
its  head  waters,  other  remains  havi;  been  discovered,  of  which  the  piincijial 
bears  a  .striking  resemblance  to  those;  above  mentioned  ;  but  within,  it  ditli'is 
from  any  which  have  yet  been  e.\ainined  in  this  quarter,  in  having  nine 
parallel  banks  or  long  parapets  united  at  one  end,  exhibiting  very  exactly  the 
figure;  of  a  gridiron." 

"Further  n|)  the  Little  Miami,  at  Deerfield,  are  other  interesting  remains; 
but  those;  which  have  attracte;el  more  attention  than  any  e)the'rs  in  the  Miami 
country,  are  situateel  si.x  miles  from  Ije;bane)n,  above;  the  me)Uth  of  Toelel's 
Fork,  an  eastern  branch  of  the  3Iiami.  On  the  stuumit  of  a  ridge  at  least  2(J0 
foet  al)ove;  the  valley  of  the  rive-r,  there;  are  two  irregular  tra[)ey.oidal  figures, 
connected  at  a  point  where  the  rielge  is  very  much  narroweel  by  a  ravine;.  The 
wall,  which  is  entirely  of  earth,  is  generally  eight  or  ten  fe;et  high  ;  but  in  one 
place,  where  it  it^  conducted  over  level  ground  for  a  short  elistance,  it  rises  to 
18.  Its  situation  is  accurately  aeljusteel  to  the  brow  of  the  hill ;  anel  as  tlie-re 
is,  in  aelelition  to  the  Miami  on  the  west,  deep  ravines  on  the  north,  the;  seiiuli- 
east,  and  south,  it  is  a  position  of  great  strength.  The  angles  in  this  wall, 
both  retreu'ing  and  salient,  are  numerous,  anel  generally  acute.  The  oj)eniiigs 
or  gate'ways  are  ne)t  less  than  80 !  They  are  rarely  at  cepial  elistances,  and 
are  sometimes  within  two  or  three  rods  of  one  another.  They  are  not 
opposite  to,  or  connecteel  with  any  existing  artificial  objects  or  topographical 
peculiarities,  anel  present,  therefore,  a  paraelox  of  some  elilficulty."  These 
works  inclose  ahnost  100  acres,  and  one  of  the  state  roads  from  Cincinnati  to 
Chillice)the  passes  ov  -  its  northern  part. 

On  Paint  Creek,  10  miles  from  Chillicothe,  are  also  very  extensive  as  well  n.s 
wonelerfid  works.  "The  wall,  which  had  been  conducteel  along  the  verge  e)f 
the  hill,  is  by  estimation  about  a  mile  anel  a  half  in  length.  It  was  formed 
entin;ly  of  undresseel  freestone,  brought  chiefly  froui  the  streams  250  feet 
below,  anel  laid  up  without  mortar  or  <rement  of  any  sort.  It  is  now,  like  all 
the  walls  of  a  similar  kinel  which  have  been  eliscovere;el  in  the  western  country, 
in  a  state  of  ruins.  It  exhibits  the  appearance  of  having  been  shaken  down 
by  an  earthepiake,  not  a  single  stone  being  found  upon  aneither  in  such  a  man- 
ner as  to  inelicate  that  to  have  been  its  situation  in  the  wall.  In  several  |)lace3 
there  are  opening.s,  immediately  opposite  which,  inside,  lie  i)iles  of  stone." 

Dr.  Harris,  in  1803,  very  accurately  described  the  remains  at  Marietta,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Muskingiun  anel  Ohio  Rivers.  "The  largest  square 
FORT,"  he  observes,  "by  some  called  the  town,  contains  40  acres,  encon)pas.sed 
by  a  wall  of  earth  from  (i  to  10  feet  high,  and  from  25  to  3(5  in  breadth  at  the 
base;.  On  each  side  are  three  openings  at  eejual  distances,  resembling  12  gate- 
ways. The  entrances  at  the  midelle  are  the  largest,  particularly  tliat  on  the 
side  next  the  Muskingum.  From  this  outlet  is  a  covert  wav,  formed  of  two 
parnilel  walls  of  earth.  231  feet  distant  from  each  other,  measuring  from  ceii- 


CllM' 

tre'  ti'  c| 
lie'i^'lilil 
fe!i  t  liii 
graihiall 
Blrnctiol 
from  tl| 
teiwiinl 
a  will- 
e'lirriiT,  I 
hi;ih ;  l| 
ceiiin'  il 
the  t(>|>,l 
anotlieii 
east  e-oil 
enek 
with  a  il 
is  A  simI 
side>  iUiel 
The're 
ne)t  iiitc 
all  liiat 
Harris 
of  the  I 
the  me)S 
Of  fii 
niagnilie 
nearly 
A  te>WM, 
of  ("ircl 
snrve;Vee 
nally'li: 
was  !)07. 
anel  te)  tl 
of  the  ci 
opinion 
ditch  be 
"The  ill 
fe)rt.  wh 
part  of  1 
twe-eti  tl 
and  snn 
time  Ml 
but  aboi 
walls  e)t 
had  eig' 
feneled 
most  ex 
gatewa; 
the?  sepi 
seniieMr 
^age  wi 
siele,  ai 
posite 
preibab 
nearly 
they  w 
I      being 
'       establii 
-       « Wha 
exact  1 
after  e 
measu 


i! 


X.  I 


IHoOK  I. 

innn  so  ns  to  iiiclud,. 
|||^t  liavi!  Uh'u  traiLs- 
I'posito  tli(!sn  works, 
<'}■  cvliil)!!  Ill)  marks 
wiilioiit  iiKirtar,  and 

Crt'vk,  on  flio  plain, 
r  bank,  wliicli  is  of 
K'urly  1'^  fi'ijt  Jiijrii, 
>i'n  lii^'li  liiil,  out  of 
«)s(!s  ahoiit  50  nvirn, 

its  liasf,  and  about 

^f  tbo  Groat  ftliaini 
•  ii'li,  ill  tbt!  o|)iiiion 
laiiiB  ol"  very  stroii" 

fications,  tbe  lar<rc,st 
iceoftbol'^a.sl  l-'ork 
{iver,  abovo  Jtoniul 
1  the  I'^ast  J'\)rk,  at 
vliicb  till!  |)riiici|ijii 
•lit  nilliiii,  it  (lifR.rs 
IT,  ill  liuviii<r  nine 
i)g  very  exactly  tliu 

itorostiiig  roniuiiiH; 
tlu'i-M  ill  the  iMiairii 
•■  mouth  of  Toild's 
a  lidfjo  at  least  200 
ra[)e/oidal  figiin's, 

by  a  raviiK;.  The 
t  high  ;  but  in  one 
ilistanco,  it  rises  to 

liill ;  and  as  there 
!  north,  till!  soiitli- 
gles  in  this  wall, 
te.  The  ojienings 
distances,  anil 
They  are  not 

or  to|iogrupliical 

fliculty."  Thexe 
•oni  Cincinnati  to 

tensive  as  well  as 
oiig  the  verge  of 
.  It  was  formed 
streams  250  leet 
't  is  now,  like  all 
western  country, 
en  shaken  down 
■  in  such  u  inan- 

n  several  (liuces 
es  of  stone," 
i  at  Marietta,  at 

largest  squake 
■f>,  encompassed 
11  breadth  at  the 
'iiibling  12  gate- 
larly  that  on  the 
,  formed  oi"  two 
uring  from  cen- 


CiiM'.  IV.j 


AMERICAN   ANTIQUITIKS. 


43 


iia 


^f^,  , ,1,,.,..     The  walls  at  the  most  elevated  part  on  the  inside  are  21  feet  in 

liij.'iii,  and  12  in  iMvadlli  at  llie  basi',  but  on  the  oiilsidi!  average  only  of  fivo 
(i'l  rbi'"li.  'I'l'i-^  Ibrms  a  i>as.-.agi>  of  about  UdO  fct  in  li-n-;!!!,  Iniding  by  a 
inailiifil  licscent  to  tin'  low  <:rouiid.s  where  it,  probably,  at  llie  lime  of  ilH  cou- 
gtrii.-tion,  ivacbcd  llie  margin  of  tlic  river,  lis  walls  commence  at  (iO  UtI 
fro'ii  ilic  ramparts  of  the  liirl,  and  iiicrcasi!  in  eleviitidii  as  the  way  dcscenils 
tow.inls  thr  river;  and  tlie  bottom  is  crowned  in  llie  centre,  in  the  nianntr  of 
a  will-formed  turnpike  road.  Within  lite  walls  of  the  fort,  at  ibi!  norlh-wrst 
corner,  is  an  oblong,  elevated  sipiare,  IHrt  feet  long,  1:52  broad,  and  nine  fct 
|ii<.|i ;  livel  on  the  Miiumit,  and  nearly  |)erpendiiMilar  at  the  sides.  At  tbo 
centre  of  eacii  of  till  sides  li.e  earth  is  projectcid,  forming  gradual  ascents  to 
the  ti>p,  eiiiially  regular,  and  about  six  teet  in  width.  Near  the  south  wall  is 
another  elevated  Mpiare,  150  leet  by  J20,  and  eight  feet  high.  At  the  south- 
east corner  is  the  third  elevated  sipiare,  lOH  by  54  feet,  with  ascents  at  the 
ends.  At  the  south-east  corner  of  the  Ibrt  is  a  semicircular  parapet,  crowned 
with  a  mound,  which  guards  the  opening  in  tli;!  wall.  Towanls  thi3  soiitli-east 
is  A  SIMILAR  KOKT,  Containing  20  acres,  with  a  gateway  in  the  centre  of  each 
side  and  at  each  corner.   These  openings  are  di  tended  with  circular  mounds." 

There  are  also  other  works  at  Marietta,  but  a  mere  description  of  them  can- 
not interest,  as  there  is  so  much  of  sameness  about  tiieni.  And  to  describe 
all  that  maybe  met  with  would  till  a  volume  of  no  moderate  size :  for  l)r, 
Harris  says,  "  You  cannot  ride  20  miles  in  any  direction  without  tinding  some 
of  the  mounds,  or  vestiges  of  the  ramparts."  We  shall,  therefore,  only  notice 
the  most  proniinent. 

Of  first  importance  are  doubtless  the  works  upon  tli>i  Scioto.  The  most 
magnificent  is  sitiiat(!d  2(1  miles  south  from  Columbus,  and  consists  of  two 
nearly  exact  tigures,  a  circle  and  a  square,  which  are  contiguous  to  each  other. 
A  town,  having  been  built  within  the  former,  a|)propriately  received  the  naiiio 
of  ("irclevill-!  from  that  circumstance.  According  to  Mr.  Jltwnkr,  who  has 
surveyed  these  works  with  great  exactness  and  attention,  thi!  circle  was  origi- 
nally ll.'JHi  feet  in  diam(!ter,  ti-om  external  parallel  tangents,  and  the  square 
was  !)07i  feet  upon  a  side ;  giving  an  area  to  the  latter  of  Ji025  sipiare  rods, 
and  to  the  circle  •il'-f.)  nearly  ;  both  making  almnst  44  acres.  The  ramjtart 
of  the  circular  fort  consists  of  two  jiarallel  walls,  and  were,  at  least  in  the 
opinion  of  my  author,  20  feet  in  height,  measuring  from  the  bottom  of  the 
ditch  between  the  circiimvallations,  belbre  the  town  of  Circlevillc!  was  built. 
"The  inner  wall  was  of  clay,  taken  up  probably  in  the  northern  part  of  the 
fort,  when;  was  a  low  jilace,  and  is  still  consideralily  lower  than  any  other 
part  of  the  work.  The  outside  wall  was  taken  from  the  ditch  which  is  Im;- 
tweeii  these  walls,  and  is  alluvial,  consisting  of  jiebbles  worn  smooth  in  water 
and  sand,  to  a  very  considerable  depth,  more  than  .50  feet  at  least."  At  the 
time  ?i\r.  Jllwattr  wroU'  his  account,  (about  IHIil,)  the  outside  of  the  walls  was 
but  about  live  or  six  feet  high,  and  tlie  ditch  not  more  than  J5ft!et  deep.  Tlie 
walls  of  the  square  fort  were,  at  the  saiiu!  time,  about  10  feet  high.  This  fort 
liad  eight  gi^eways  or  openings,  about  20  fii  t  broad,  each  of  which  was  de- 
fended by  a  mound  four  or  five  (i'et  high,  all  within  the  fort,  arranged  in  the 
most  exact  manner;  ecpiidistant  and  parallel.  The  circular  fort  had  but  one 
gateway,  which  was  at  its  south-east  point,  and  at  the  place  of  contact  with 
till!  square.  In  the  centre  of  the  sipiare  was  a  remarkable  mound,  with  a 
semicircular  pavement  adjacent  to  its  eastern  half,  and  nearly  lacing  the  pas- 
sage way  into  the  square  tijrt.  Just  without  the  square  fort,  upon  the  north 
side,  and  to  the  east  of  the  centre  gateway  rises  a  large  mound.  Jii  the  op- 
posite point  of  the  comimss,  without  the  circular  one,  is  another.  These, 
probably,  were  the  places  of  burial.  As  the  walls  of  the  square  fort  lie  pretty 
nearly  in  a  line  with  tbe  cardinal  points  of  the!  hori/oii,  some  have  supposed 
they  were  originally  projected  in  strict  regard  to  them  ;  their  variation  not 
being  more  than  that  of  the  compass;  but  a  siiigli!  iact  of  this  kind  can 
establish  nothing,  as  mere  accident  may  have  given  them  such  direction. 
"What  siirjirised  me,"  says  my  authority,  "on  measuring  diese  forts,  was  the 
exact  manner  in  which  they  had  laid  down  their  circle  and  square  ;  so  that 
alter  every  effort,  by  the  most  carefiil  survey,  to  detect  some  error  in  their 
measurement,  we  found  that  it  was  impossible." 


44 


AMI:HK'AN   ANTIQUITIKH. 


[Book  |. 


Am  it  is  ."ot  my  (U'MJjfn  to  wiiHto  tiiiic!  in  coiijoctiircB  upon  the  aiitliurfl  of 
these  .■iiiti(|iiiti)'s,  or  tlio  rniiotiMM'Hs  of  the  |icrio(l  in  wliicli  tln-y  w<;r*!  cuii. 
Ntnirli'il,  I  will  I'oiitiiiiK'  my  (ircoimt  of  tli<Mii,  iilh-r  an  uliH<>rvation  npoii  k 
hint'le  I'in'nnistiiiM'c.  I  itIIt  to  liir  liict  ot"  the  iinmcnsc  tri'rs  liniiid  growin;,' 
n|i<iM  till-  mounds  nnti  otiicr  anciiiit  workn.  'I'lirir  liaviriir  i-xistt-d  !(ir  a  tlioii. 
sand  u'iiis,  or  al  least  i>.».i.:  of  tlicm,  can  scarcely  Im;  (juestioned,  when  wn 
know  IroiM  unerring' data  I,  tr:'<s  have  lieeii  cut  upon  them  of  iIm!  a<;<!  of 
near  odO  years;  an<l  froni  o  ve.'.ntahie  mould  out  of  which  they  sjiriuL', 
there  is  every  a|>|i('arance  oi  .-ev(!ral  generations  of  «leca\»d  trees  (»f  the  sauii' 
kind;  and  no  forest  trees  ot'tla;  present  <lay  appear  older  than  liios(;  upon  tin.' 
very  works  under  consideration. 

lere  are  in  th(!  l'"oiks  of  l/ickinj,'  Kiver,  al)OV(!  Newark,  in  tlio  county  of 


¥ 


Liekiiifr,  very  remarkaltle  nMuains  of  anti(|uity,  said  hy  many  to  Ik;  as  nnicji 
so  as  any  in  tho  west.  Here,  as  at  ("irclevillr,  tlii!  same  sin;rnlar  fact  is  oli- 
servahle,  respcctiiij.' the  openings  into  the  forts;  the  stpiare  ones  having  hcv- 
oral,  hut  the  romul  ouch  only  one,  with  a  singk;  excepti(Hi. 

Not  far  helovv  Newark,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Licking,  aro  found  innrK  r- 
ous  wells  or  holes  in  the  earth.  "TlHUt!  are,"  says  IVlr. ///»Y//<r,  "at  least  a 
thousand  of  them,  many  of  which  are  now  more  tlian  W  feet  deep."  Thougli 
called  wells,  my  author  says  they  were  not  dug  for  that  purpose.  They  have 
the  app(^aranc(!  of  heing  of  the  samt;  age  as  the  nioimds,  and  were  donhtless 
made  hy  the  same  |)cople;  hut  for  what  jtm"j)osc  tliciy  conid  have  been  made, 
few  seem  willing  to  hazard  a  conjecture. 

Foin-  or  five  miles  to  the  north-west  of  Somerset,  in  tli(!  coimfy  of  I'erry, 
und  southwardly  from  tlio  works  on  the  Licking,  is  a  stone  fort,  inclosing 
nitout  40  acres.  Its  shape  is  that  of  a  heart,  though  hoinnled  hy  straight  lines. 
In  or  near  its  centre  is  a  circular  stone  mound,  which  rises,  like  a  sugar-loaf, 
from  ly  to  15  feet.  Near  this  large  work  is  another  small  fia't,  whose;  walls 
are  of  earth,  inclosing  hut  about  half  an  acre.  I  give  these  the  name  of 
forts,  although  ftlr.  Jltwater  says  he  does  not  believe  they  were  ever  construct- 
ed fiir  defence. 

There  are  curious  remains  on  l)oth  sides  of  the  Ohio,  above  and  opposite 
the  mouth  of  the  Scioto.  Those  on  the  north  side,  at  Portsmouth,  are  the 
most  extensive,  and  those  on  the  other  side,  directly  opposite  Alexandria,  are 
the  most  regular.  Tlasy  are  not  more  remarkable  tlian  many  already  de- 
Bcribed. 

What  the  true  height  of  these  ruined  works  originally  was,  cannot  be  very 
well  ascertained,  as  it  is  almost  imi)ossil)le  to  know  the  rate  of  their  dimimi- 
tion,  even  were  the  space  of  time  given;  but  there  can  l)e  no  doubt  that  most 
of  them  are  much  diminished  from  the  action  of  tempests  which  have  swept 
over  them  for  ages.  That  they  were  the  works  of  a  ditii-rent  race  from  the 
present  Indians,  has  b(>en  pretty  confidently  asserted  ;  but  as  yot,  proof  is 
entirely  wanting  to  support  such  conclusion.  In  o  few  instances,  some 
European  articles  have  l)een  found  deposited  in  or  al)out  some  of  the  works; 
but  few  persons  of  intelligence  pronounce  them  older  than  otliei*s  of  the 
same  kind  belonging  to  the  period  of  the  French  wars. 

As  it  respects  inscriptions  ii|)on  stones,  about  wJiich  much  has  been  said 
and  written,  I  am  of  the  opinion,  that  such  are  purely  Indian,  if  they  were 
not  made  by  some  whitr  maniac,  as  some  of  them  most  unipiestional)ly  have 
been,  or  other  [)ersons  who  <leserve  to  be  classed  among  such  ;  but  I  would 
not  he  miilerstood  to  include  those  of  South  America,  for  there  the  iidiabitants 
evidently  had  a  hieroglyphic  language.  Among  the  inscriptions  upon  stone 
in  New  England,  the  "  Inscribed  Rock,"  as  it  is  called,  at  Dighton,  IMass.,  is 
doubtless  the  most  remarkable.  It  is  in  Taunton  River,  about  six  miles  below 
the  town  of  Taunton,  and  is  partly  immersed  by  the;  tide.  If  this  inscription 
was  made  by  the  Indians,  it  doubtless  had  some  meaning  to  it ;  l)ut  1  (loulrt 
whether  any  of  them,  except  such  as  happened  to  know  what  it  was  done 
for,  knew  any  thing  of  its  import.  The;  divers  faces,  figures  of  half-formed 
animals,  and  zigzag  lines,  occupy  a  space  of  aboutyOscpiare  feet.  The  whim- 
sical conjectur»!s  of  many  persons  about  the  origin  of  the  inscription,  might 
amuse,  hut  could  not  instruct;  and  it  would  be  a  waste  of  time  to  give  an 
account  of  them. 


a  le\l 

[witii  s"| 

^  qiiiutz  i| 

'^f  what  m| 
land. 

In  ad 
of  I  lie 
Htiiue,  \\l 

one  Wil 

coll;clii| 
which 
crews, 
whii'h  ^1 
the  liicnl 
upon  tliJ 
these  ml 
in  <'xistel 
their  ail 
diaii  ma 
At  Ha 
did  in  h 
thiin   li( 
'J'hey  an 
accustnii 
They  in; 
sioii ;  I'll 
be  settle 
was  chai 
furmatioi 
which  tl 
theniselv 
A  r(!vi( 
to  the  pn 
would  be 
my  only 
commen 
hig  the  s 
Every 
a  sultji.'Ct 
nature  o 
volumes 
is  a  most 
argiimen 
which  w 
liiit  why 
rived  wi 
is  not  sti 
(lid  not  I 
latitude, 
roiild  f< 
twelves  fr 
jiave  nol 
son  hetv 
On  th 
come  fn 
same  wi 
into  iiisi 
10  tiieir 
J     niiiis  ot 

llllilC,  Cfl 

dicular 


[Book  |. 

)on  tli(!  niitliurfl  of 
icli  tlicy  well!  foii. 
)liHi>i'vatioii  ii|i()n  ^ 
rci's  foiiiid  gru\viii;f 
fxistcd  fill-  a  thoii. 
•  Htidiicd,  when  \\i. 
lurii  of  l\w  )!<;(!  (if 
vliicli  tlicy  Kpriii:', 
il  trees  of  the  sfiMii' 
laii  lii(),se  ii{Hiii  tin: 

k,  ill  tlio  comity  of 
any  to  ho  as  iinicli 
siii;:iilar  liiet  is  oli- 
e  ones  liaviiig  wiy. 

are  foiiiid  iiiiiiicr- 
'Uwalir,  "  at  least  a 
I't  deep."  'J'hoii-fii 
•|»os(!.  They  have 
lid  were  doiihth-ss 
I  liavfi  heen  made, 

!  county  of  Perry, 
nnc  Ibrt,  iiiclosinif 
I  hy  strai^dit  linen. 
;  like  u  siifrar-loaf, 
liirt,  wlios(\  walls 
icso  the  name  of 
re  ever  coiiHtriict- 

liove  and  opposite 
H-tsniouth,  are  the 
Alexandria,  are 
nany  already  de- 

cnnnot  he  very 

of  their  diminii- 
doiiht  that  most 
licli  liave  swept 

nt  race  from  the 
as  yet,  proof  is 
instances,  some 

le  of  the  works; 

lui  others  of  the 

I  has  heon  said 

an,  if  they  were 

lestionahly  have 

h  ;  hut  I  would 

etlie  inhahitants 

ions  upon  stone 

<,'liton,  Mass.,  is 

six  miles  helow 

this  inscri|)iion 

it ;  hut  1  doiilrt 

lat  it  was  done 

of  lialt-fi)rmed 

et.   Thewhiin- 

icription,  might 

ime  to  give  an 


Chai-   IV] 


AMKIlirAN   ANTUil  ITIF.S. 


45 


Htm 
one 
cull 


\  w|,,iie  once  thonjfht  to  contain  some  marvi'lloUH  inscription,  wns  deposit- 

(tcd  1  few  vcaiw  siiici'  in  the  Aniiipiariaii  Hall  at  Wdrcesler,  Mass.;  and  il  wnn 

tviiii  -om''  MU-pris.-,  that,  on  examiniii!,'  il,  I  foiiml  nothing'  hut  a  lew  lines  ol 

'  ,,„,„.,y.  I, one  of  its  siirllices.    The  Muiie  was  sin<,mlar  in  no  respect  hevond 

^  wl'iat  may  he  found  in  half  the  farmera'  tields  and  atone  funccH  in  New  Kiig- 

""I'n  a  cavf!  on  the  iiank  of  th<!  Ohio  Ftiver,  .-ihont  yo  miles  helow  the  mouth 
of  llie  Walmsh,  ciiIIimI  Wilsoii'sor  .Murderer',:*  Cave,  are  (i-funs  engraven  upon 
.  wliich  have  attracted  ^'reat  atu-ntioii.  It  was  very  early  jxissessed  hv 
\Vil>oii,  who  lived  in  it  with  his  family.  He  at  leu;;th  turned  rohher,  and, 
dill"  aliout  10  otiier  wri'tclicH  like  himself  ahout  him,  took  all  the  hoati^ 
which  passed  on  the  river  with  any  valuahle  jxooils  in  tlirm,  and  murdered  the 
cii'WS.  lie  was  himself  murdered  hy  one  of  his  own  -,'ang,  to  f.'et  the  rewanl 
whicii  was  otlered  fur  his  apprcheoHioii.  Never  haviiij,'  had  aiiv  drawiiifrs  of 
the  |iieroj;lyphics  in  ihia  cave,  we  cannot  form  any  very  concliisivf!  opinion 
upon  theuN  As  a  proof  of  their  anti(piity,  it  has  htseii  mentioned,  that  anions 
these  unknown  characters  are  many  ti<rures  of  animals  not  known  now  to  ho 
in  existence;  hut  in  my  opinion,  this  is  in  no  wise  a  conclusive  arj,'uinent  of 
their  antiipiity;  for  tin;  saiiie  may  he  said  of  tiie  uncouth  fiffiires  of  the  In- 
dian manitos  of  tlic!  |iresent  day,  as  well  as  those  of  tla^  days  of  Powhalnn. 

At  Hainiony,  on  the  Mississipni,  are  to  he  seen  the  prints  of  two  feet  iiiihed- 
ded  in  hard  limestone.  The  celeiirated  linppv  conveyed  the  stone  coiitaininj; 
tlieiii  from  St.  Louis,  and  kept  it  upon  his  premises  to  show  to  travellers. 
'J'hev  are  ahoiit  the  si/.e  of  those  made  hy  a  common  man  of  our  times,  un- 
accustomed to  shoes.  Some  coiichide  them  to  he  remains  of  liif,'li  antiipiity. 
They  may,  or  may  not  he:  there  are  ar>,'iimeiits  for  and  against  such  conclu- 
sion'; liiit'  on  which  side  the  weight  of  argument  lies  is  a  matter  not  easily  to 
he  settled.  If  these  impressions  of  feet  were  made  in  the  soil  earth  hefore  it 
was  changed  into  fossil  stone,  we  should  not  expect  to  find  impressions,  but  a 
formation  (illiiig  them  of  another  kind  of  stone  (called  organic)  from  that  in 
which  the  impressions  were  made;  for  thus  do  organic  remains  discover 
themselves,  and  not  hy  their  ahsence. 

A  review  of  the  theories  and  opinions  concerning  the  race  or  races  anterior 
to  the  present  race  of  Indians  would  perhaps  he  interesting  to  many,  and  it 
would  he  a  |tleasing  subject  to  write  upon  :  hut,  us  I  have  elsewhere  intimated, 
my  only  object  is  to  |)resent  facts  as  I  find  thein,  without  wasting  time  in 
commentaries;  unless  where  deductions  cannot  well  be  avoided  without  leav- 
ing the  subject  more  obscure  than  it  would  eviilently  be  without  them. 

Every  conjecture  is  attended  with  objections  when  they  are  hazarded  ii[»on 
a  subject  that  cannot  he  settled.  It  is  time  enough  to  argue  a  subject  of  the 
nature  of  this  W(!  are  upon,  when  all  the  facts  are  collected.  To  write 
volumes  about  Shein,  Ham,  and  .Ta})het,  in  connection  with  a  few  isolated  facts, 
is  a  most  ludicrous,  and  worse  than  iisehtss  business.  Some  had  said,  it  is  an 
argument  that  the  first  j)opulatioii  came  from  the  north,  hecmise  the  works  of 
whicli  we  have  been  speaking  increase  in  iuij)ortance  lus  we  proceed  south  ; 
hilt  why  they  should  not  begin  until  the  people  who  constructed  them  had  ar- 
rived within  40°  of  the  eipiator,  (for  this  seems  to  he  their  boundary  north,)  it 
is  not  stattul.  Perhaps  this  jieojjle  canu;  in  by  way  of  the  St.  Lawrence',  and 
did  not  need  any  works  to  d<'ft(iid  them  before  arriving  at  the  40°  of  north 
latitude.  The  reader  will  readily  enough  ask,  perlia|)S,  For  what  ])ur|)ose 
could  fortifications  have  been  built  by  the  first  peo|)le?  To  defend  them- 
selves from  wild  beasts, or  from  one  another?  With  this  matter,  however,  we 
have  nothing  to  do,  but  were  led  to  these  remarks,  preparatory  to  a  compari- 
son between  the  antiquities  of  the  north,  with  those  of  the  south. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  is  said  the  original  people  of  North  America  must  have 
come  fiom  the  south,  and  that  tli(!ir  jirogress  northward  is  evident  from  the 
Buine  works  ;  with  this  difference,  that  as  the  people  advanced,  they  dwindled 
into  insignificance ;  and  hence  the  remains  which  they  left  are  proportionate 
to  tlieir  ability  to  make  them.  But  there  is  nothing  artificial  among  the  ancient 
ruins  of  North  America  that  will  comi)are  with  the  artificial  mouiitainof  Aiia- 
liiiiic,  called  Cholula,  or  Chlolula,  whicli  to  this  day  is  ahout  1()4  i'cet  in  perpen- 
dicular height,  whose  base  occupies  a  square,  the  side  of  which  measures  1450 


46 


AMKUICAN   ANTKUJITIES. 


[non«  r, 


i'i 


*il 


ovrrniii  till  ir  riiiiiin-. 
(iO  mill's  runt  ol'  Alr\ii'o, 


fci't.  I'|ii)ii  iliis  till'  Mi'.xifiuiH  IkmI  nil  imiiiiiisi' wihmIcii  H-iiipIr  \\1i(ii  Co,-/!; 
till  ir  riiipifi'.  A  city  ini\v  lir.irs  iIh-  iiiiiiic  ol' < 'Imliila,  in  I'lii'lilii, 
\'i't  it  iiii|)i;irs  liiuii  Dr.  //'/A'.y  (•(./i.'llrrr  oC  lllinni^, 
tlint  ill!  n-  is  staiiiliii^  iM'twn'ii  Itrilivillr  niiil  St.  I.iniis,  a  iiihiiimI  (iOC  yards  in 
ciri'iiiiirn-ciirt!  iit  itH  Imisi>,  (iiiiI  !H)  t'rrt  in  In  i^lit.  Moiitit  Jolirt,  mo  iiaiiinl  tnun 
till' Sii'iir  7»/i'«Y,  a  i'l'i'iKiiiiiaii,  will)  tiavi'lli'd  ii|ii)ii  ilii'  .Mississi|i|ii  in  Ili/M,  Jm 
u  iiiiisi  ilistiii^iiisliril  niiiiiiiil.  It  is  on  a  |ilain  alimit  (>()()  yards  wist  of  tL' 
Ifivir  di's  I'liiiiHs,  and  l.'iO  milrs  aliovr  l''(irt  ( 'lark.  .Mr.  .SV/ioo/c/vf/"/ (•iiiiipiitcd 
its  luiirlit  at  (lU  ti'i  t,  its  Icn^'th  ahmil  i.lO  yards,  and  its  widtli  7.~i.  Its  siiiis  iin' 
Hosli'i'|itliat  tliry  an- asi-i'iidnl  witli  diHii-nliy.  Its  to|i  is  a  licaiitil'iil  |ilain,  i'roiii 
uliii'li  a  iimst  d(  li;;littiil  prospiTt  is  had  ol'  llir  snrroiiiidin^'  coniitry.  it  si>i'ii> 
to  liavi'  lii'i'ii  roniposcd  ot'  tlio  rartli  of  tlir  plain  on  wliicli  it  stands,  l.aki' 
Jolirt  is  sitnatcil  in  front  of  it;  hcin^  a  small  hudy  of  water  idxiiit  a  mill'  in 
li>n<rtli. 

Altlii)n).'li  till'  rt'iiiains  of  tin"  aiwiinr  inlialiitants  of  Hoiitli  Ami'rica  dilllr 
consiiii-raliiy  from  tliosi;  of  Nortli  Amnira,  yet  I  liavi*  no  doiilit  lint  that  tlio 
jK'opli'  arc  of  till!  same  rare,  'riic  conilition  cvimi  oJ'  savajri's  chaiifrrs.  iNo 
liatiitn  rrmniiis  stationary.  'I'Ih-  wrHtcrn  Indians  in  ihr  ni'i;;hl)orhiiod  of  iln- 
lakrs  do  not  mako  pottery  "t  the  present  day,  Imt  earthen  utensils  are  still  in 
Use  anionfr  the  remote  trihes  of  the  west.  'J'his  is  similar  to  that  dug  np  in 
Ohio,  iind  hoth  are  similar  to  that  linmd  in  South  Ameriea. 

In  speakiiij;  of  "imcieiit  pottery,"  IMr.  Srhodlrnijl  oliserves,  "  Ft  is  commdii, 
in  di;:<.nnsr  at  these  salt  mines,  [in  Illinois,]  to  Iind  fra<;meiits  of  aniiipie  pot- 
tery, and  ovi'n  entire  pots  of  a  roarm;  i-arthenware,  at  j^reat  ili'|ttlis  helow  tiu' 
surfaee.  One  of  these  pots,  \vhieh  was,  nntil  a  very  recent  period,  preserved 
by  a  ^'entleman  at  Shawiineetowii,  was  disinterred  at  a  tleptii  of  f^U  feet,  and 
was  of  n  capacity  to  contain  ei;;ht  or  ten  gallons." 

Wi'  sc(!  Himounced  from  time  to  time,  in  tin;  various  newspapers  nnd  other 
period ical.><,  discoveries  of  wonderful  things  in  various  places;  hut  on  exaiii- 
niution  it  is  generally  foniid  that  they  fall  far  short  of  what  w.-  are  led  to  <'\- 
pect  from  the  descrii)tions  given  of  them.  \V(!  hear  of  the  ruins  of  cities  in 
the  hanks  of  tlu;  Mississippi ;  co|)per  imd  iron  utensils  found  at  great  de|)tlis 
below  the  surface,  nnd  in  situations  indicating  that  they  must  have  been  ilc- 
positiid  there  fur  three,  four,  or  iive  hundred  years !  Dr.  McMurlric  relates,  in  liis 
"Sketches  of  Louisville,"  that  an  iron  hatchet  was  found  beneath  tin;  roots  of 
n  tree  at  Sliip|iings])ort,  upwards  of  ^00  years  old.  He  said  he  had  no  doulit 
that  the  tree  had  grown  over  the  hatchet  afh'r  it  was  deposited  there,  hecanse 
"no  human  power  could  iiuve  placed  it  in  the  particular  position  in  which  it 
was  f()uinl." 

Upon  some  other  matters  about  which  wo  have  already  sjioken,  the  same 
author  says,  "That  walls,  constructed  of  hricks  and  hewn  stones,  have  been 
dif.'overed  in  the  western  country,  is  n  fact  as  clear  as  that  the  sun  shines 
w  hen  he  is  in  his  meridian  s|)lenilor ;  the  dogmatical  assertion  of  writers  to 
the  contrary  notwithstanding."  My  author,  however,  had  not  seen  such  re- 
mains himself,  Imt  was  well  assured  of  their  existence  by  a  gentleman  of  lui- 
douhti'd  veracity.  IJnfortiniately  for  the  case  he  relates,  the  |)eisons  who  dis- 
covered the  ruins,  came  upon  them  in  digging,  at  about  18  feet  helow  the  sm- 
fuee  of  the  ground,  and  when  ahout  to  make  investigation,  water  broke  in 
upon  them,  and  tliey  were  obliged  to  make  a  hasty  retreat. 

"A  fortitied  town  of  considerable  extent,  near  the  River  St.  i'^-ancis,"  upon 
th(!  Mississi|)]»i,  was  stiid  to  liave  been  discovered  by  a  Mr.  Savage,  of  Loiiis- 
vilh'.  He  found  its  walls  still  standing  in  some  |)laces,  and  "p;  ;t  of  the  walls 
of  a  cUnild,  huilt  of  hrirlcs,  retnenlcd  by  mortar."  Upon  some  of  these  ru'wis 
were  trees  growing  whose  ammal  rings  mimhcred  800.  Some  of  the  hricks, 
snys  Dr.  McMurtrie,  were  at  Louisville  when  he  wrote  his  Sketches;  and 
they  were  "comjiosed  of  day,  mixed  with  cho|)|)ed  and  twisted  straw,  of 
regular  figures,  hardened  by  the  action  of  fire,  or  the  sun." 

Mr.  Priest,  in  his  "  American  Antii)uities,"  mentions  the  ruii-!  of  two  cities 
within  a  lew  miles  of  each  other,  nearly  o|>posite  St.  Louis;  but  from  wiiat  lie 
pays  of  them  I  am  un!d)le  to  determine  what  those  ruins  are  composed  of. 
After  pointing  out  the  site  of  them,  he  continues,  "Here  is  tituated  one  of 
those  pyramids,  which  is  150  rods  in  circumference  at  its  batu,  and  100  feet 


I 


Cine    I 

Igli." 
my 
wliiit  is 
U'acti'd  I 
for  .■)()  \ 
this  pla 
reiilMlk.- 
nhoiit  l( 
which, 
Cftiisiiler 

"A 
fall  of 
nt  St.  I,( 
about 
I  found 
and  at  a 
One  of 
the  hotii 
Hiderahle 
an  area  s 
When 
twei'li  til 
Clierokei 

1(JU  I SI 

capalije  ci 

ancient 

tiimla  on 

vation  of 

llartram  ( 

the  rotiiui 

was  raisei 

UH  w(!  an 

raised ;  tli 

to  no  nior 

ha\e  a  tra 

them  in  n 

arrived  fn 

ing  the  id 

nioniils  w 

livcriiig  ll 

llriice  : 

same  as  i 

same  also 

At  Otta 

most  sinir 

lung  sipia 

at  its  liasi 

reinnrkiili 

Mick  of  \\ 

wiiat  |iur| 

III'  the  Ini 

;i!iiiiit  the 

tlmse  anc 

wliiii  rcf 

ci\eii  con 

linking  ii! 

that  no  tr 

to  he  iiiui 

III  tiie  J 

walls,  v;ir 

tori'.'iil  ii- 


trtiipio  wlioii  Coili; 
Clioliilii,  ill  I'liclilii, 
liu/vtU'vr  oCllliiiiiis 
IIIHIIIkI  ))()()  yiinls  ill 
»li(t,  HO  ll!lllll-(l   lidlii 

iM.sissi|>|)i  ill  IliT.'t,  i^ 

0  yards  west  <i|"  il. 
w7ioo/rm/7  (-niiiiiiilnl 
llli  7'}.  Its  sides  an 
Ix'aiitit'iil  |il.'iiii,  iViiiii 
;r  comitrv.  It  si'in  > 
icli  it  stiitids.  I.iiki' 
atcr  iiluiiit  a  mile  in 

oiitli  America  diflit 
I)  doiilit  lint  tiiat  tlic 
vai:"s  cliaii'res.  Nd 
iei^hl)iirli(i(i(l  of  liic 

1  Utensils  arc  still  in 
ar  to  that  dug  up  in 
I. 

,es,  "  It  is  coiiinKiii, 
ruts  (if  aiitii|iie  pot- 
■at  depths  helou  llic 
It  per  ii)(i,  preserved 
L'|)tli  .if  HU  loot,  and 

'wspnpors  mid  other 
iaees  ;  hut  on  cxaiii- 
luf  w  ;■  nro  led  to  ex- 
he  niiiis  of  ('iti<'s  in 
iiid  at  great  deplliij 
iiiiist  have  he(!ii  de- 
Murlric  relates,  in  liis 
iie.itli  the  roots  of 
I  lie  iiad  no  doiiiit 
ited  tlic^re,  heeaiisc 
lositioii  in  wliich  it 

spoken,  tlic  same 

stones,  have  heoii 

lat  the  sun  shines 

•lion  of  writers  to 

not  seen  sneli  re- 

geiith;inan  of  iin- 

peisons  wiio  dis- 

UM't  iielow  the  siir- 

)ii,  water  brolve  in 

St.  I'^rancis,"  upon 
Snvnee,  of  Loiiis- 
"jKit  of  the  walls 
line  of  these  riiiiis 
'onie  of  the  hiieks, 
lis  Slietelies;  am! 
tw'sted  straw,  of 

rnii's  of  two  oitios 
hilt  from  what  lie 
are  composed  of. 
is  ;  ituated  one  of 
bate,  and  100  feet 


i\r. 


IVl 


AMKIIICAN  ANTKit/niKH. 


47 


iiilli."     Me  H|tonkH  if  "eitieH,"  lint  di'seriheM  pyrnmidrt  and  monndH.     If  tliem 
iiv  tiling'  like  il:.'  >vorks  of  iiiiii,  at  the  jdaees  lie  pninis  out,  ditlinnl  fiom 


Iwlmt  is  eoiiinion 
Itriicti 


in  the  WiM,  it  is  ver\  siii;;iilar  that  they  should  not  lia\e  at- 


I  the  notiee  of  some   oiio  of  the   many  thousands  ol' people  who  havi 

for .")()  \ ears  pas   d  liy  them.     I^lr.  Itnirkinriil^c  speaks  of  the  anii<piities 


at 


I  sa\  any  •!■  '"'.' alioiit  eities.     Hi'  oltservc 
•f 


'I'l 


le  most 


this  place,  hut  dot  s  in 

niufukiilile  appearances  are  two      /nips  of  mounds  or  pyramids,  the  one 
ahoiit  It)  miles  above  Cahokia,  the  other  nearly   the  saiin!  distance  helow  if, 
''  which,  in  all,  exceed  l.')0,  of  vurioiir'  hIzos.     Tho  western  side  also  contains  a 
considera'  Ic  number. 

"A  mere  minute  description  of  those  about  Cahokia,  wliicli  I  visited  in  the; 
full  of  l.~li,  will  give  a  tolerable  idea  of  them  all.  I  crossed  the  Missis-i|tpi 
at  ."^t.  Louis,  and  al\er  passinir  through  thi'  wood  •vhich  bordei-s  the  riser, 
nbnut  hall"  a  mile  in  width,  entered  an  extensive  o|)en  plain.       In  l.'i  minutes, 

I  found  mvself  in  tiie  midst  of  a  group  of  i mds,  mostly  of  a  circular  shape, 

and  at  a  distance  resembling  enormous  haystacks  si-attered  through  a  meadow. 
One  of  the  largest  which  I  ascended  was  about  \i(H)  paces  in  circumference  at 
the  bottom,  iIh!  (liriii  nearly  sipiare,  though  it  had  evidently  undergone  con- 
sideiable  altiiation  li'oiii  tin-  washing  of  the  rains.  Tli«!  toi»  was  level,  with 
an  area  sutlicienl  to  contain  several  hundred  men." 

When  Mr.  Huiintm  travelled  into  South  ('lud'ina,  (ieorgia  and  Florida,  be- 
tween the  \earfl  I77.'{and  177(1,  he  saw  many  interesting  antiipiiiies.  At  the 
(Mieiokee  town  of  ( 'owe,  on  the  'rennessee  |{i\er,  which  then  coniained  about 
1(J0  houses,  he  noticed  that  "The  council  or  town-house  was  a  huge  rotunda, 
capable  of  acconiiiiodating  s(!veral  hundred  jieople:  it  stands  on  the  top  of  an 
nncieiit  artificial  mount  ot'  earth,  of  about  'JU  teet  perpendii  ;:!:;i,  and  the  ro- 
tunda on  the  top  of  il  being  about  'M)  feet  mon  ,  gives  the  w'hole  fabric  an  elo 
vatioii  ot'  about  tiO  I'eet  from  the  conimon  surliu-e  of  the  ground.  Hut,"  iMr 
llttrtrum  c'lntinues,  "it  may  lie  pro|u!r  to  observe,  that  this  mount,  on  wliicii 
the  rotunda  stands,  is  of  a  miieh  ancienter  date  thuii  the  building,  and  perhaps 
\vas  raised  for  another  jinipose.  Thi.  Cherokees  themselves  are  a:«  innoraiit 
as  we  are,  by  what  people  or  for  what  purpose  thi'se  aititicial  hills  were 
raised;  they  have  \arious  stoi  ics  conci;rning  them,  the  best  of  wliich  aiiiount 
to  no  more  than  men,'  conjecture,  and  leave  us  (.'iitirely  in  the  dark;  bin  they 
hii\e  a  tradition  common  with  the  other  nations  of  Indians,  that  they  loimd 
tliem  in  much  the  same  condition  as  they  now  appi'ar,  when  their  foreliithers 
nni\ed  *'roiii  the  W(  si  and  possessed  themselves  of  the  country,  after  \aiMpiisli- 
ii;g  llie  nations  of  .'ed  men  who  then  inhabited  it,  who  themselves  tiiiind  these 
nioiiiits  when  they  took  possession  of  the  country,  tiu!  fornit'r  possessors  de- 
livering the  same  siory  conct  iiiing  them." 

ilriice  it  is  to  be  (d)served  that  the  mounds  in  tin;  south  are  not  only  the 
same  as  those  in  tlics  north,  but  Indian  traditions  concerning  them  are  the 
same  also. 

At  Ottasse,  an  important  town  of  the  Cherokees,  the  same  travi  Her  saw  a 
most  sinirular  column.  It  stood  adjacent  to  the  town,  in  the  centn-  of  an  ob- 
I'Miir  si|uare,  and  was  about  40  teet  high,  and  only  t'roiii  two  to  three  feet  thick 
ai  its  liase,  and  tapered  gradually  from  the  ground  to  its  top.  ^\'hat  is  very 
r 'iiiarkable  about  this  pillar  is  that,  notwithstanding  it  is  foriiK.'d  of  a  siiigii; 
^ilck  of  jiiiie  timber,  the  Indians  or  white  traders  could  give  no  account  fiir 
w  hat  |Miriios(!  it  was  (.'I'l cted ;  and  to  the  iiapiiries  which  Mv.  Jiurtrttm  made 
ni'  the  Indians  concerning  it,  the  sanu!  answer  was  given  as  when  cpic^tioned 
■ilidiit  the  mounds;  viz.  that  their  ancestors  liiiind  it  tla-re,  and  the  peoidr  that 
i!i(  .-e  ancestors  dispossessed  knew  nothing  of  its  origin.  This  is  not  singular 
when  n  frciice  is  had  to  mounds  of  earth,  but  when  the  .same  account  is 
':ivea  conci  ••ning  pi  risiiable  material,  the  shade,  at  least,  of  a  suspicion  is  seen 
lurking  in  the  back  ground.  As  another  singular  circumstance,  it  is  (disirved 
ihut  110  trees  (f  the  kind  of  which  this  column  was  made,  (pin.  paluslris)  were 
to  he  found  at  rliat  time  nearer  than  Vi  or  15  miles. 

Ill  the  great  (  ouncil-honses  at  Ottasse  were  observed,  upon  the  pillars  and 
:  walls,  vari(Mis  |m,iitings  and  sculptures,  supposed  to  be  hieroglyphics  of  !iis- 
'-1  tciri/al  leg'iidH,  and  p'litical  and  sacerdotal  afi'airs.  "They  are,"  observes 
;   Mr.  Bartram,  "cxtrv.ieiy  picturesque  or  caricature,  iis  men  in"  a  vuri>ty  of  at- 


48 


AMERICAN  ANTIQl'ITIES. 


[Book  I 


si:' 


titudos,  some  liulicrous  cnougfi,  others  linving  the  head  of  some  kind  of  ani- 
iiial,  as  tluisd  of  a  duck,  turkt-y,  hear,  fox,  wolf,  hack,  &c.  and  ajraiii  tho.si 
kind  f)f  cnjatiires  arc  roprpsciitccl  having  tlic  hiiuiaii  licad.  These  designs  arc 
not  ill  execdted  ;  tiie  outlines  hold,  free  and  well-proportioned.  The  pillar> 
snpimrting  the  front  or  ])iaz7.a  of  the  eonneil-house  of  the  square,  are  ingcnl- 
jyusly  funned  in  the  likeness  of  vast  speckled  serpents,  ascending  upwaids; 
the  Ottasses  heing  of  the  Snake  trihe." 

In  the  fourth  hook  of  thi'^  work  mention  lias  heen  made  of  the  great  hiph- 
ways  in  Florida.  Mr.  iiartmm  mentions  them,  hut  not  in  a  very  i)ar'ieiilur 
manner,  upon  the  "-'i  'nhn's  River.  As  his  sentimenis  seem  to  he  thos;  of  ?. 
man  of  intelligence,  1  will  offer  here  his  concluding  remarks  upon  the  Indian 
nntiquitics  of  the  country  lie  visited.  "I  deem  it  necessary  to  observe  as  nv 
o|»inion,  that  none  of  them  tiiat  I  have  seeii,  discover  the  least  sig.i^i  of  the 
arts,  sciences,  or  architecture  of  the  Europeans  or  other  inhabitants  of  thi  old 
world  ;  yet  evidently  betray  every  sign  or  mark  of  the  most  distant  antiqnit}."' 

Tlie  above  remark  is  cited  to  show  how  different  different  peojile  niiikc  up 
their  minds  upon  the  same  subject;  it  shows  how  futile  it  is  for  us  to  spcml 
time  in  speculating  ujton  such  matters.  And,  as  I  have  before  oljserved,  it  is 
time  enough  to  build  tiieories  afler  factt*  iiave  been  collected.  It  can  add 
nothing  to  our  stock  of  knowledge  respecting  our  antiquities,  to  talk  or  write 
forever  about  Nebuchadnezzar  and  the  lost  tribes  of  jews;  hut  if  the  time 
which  has  heen  spent  in  this  manner,  had  been  devoted  to  some  useful  jnir- 
suit,  some  useful  object  would  have  hecii  attained.  As  the  matter  now  stands, 
one  object,  nevertheless,  is  clearly  attair.cd,  namely,  that  of  misleading  or  con- 
founding  the  understandings  of  many  uiiinfr  rmed  people.  I  am  led  to  make 
these  oliservations  to  put  tlie  imwary  ii[)on  t  leir  guard. 

In  tii<!  preceding  chapter  I  have  given  various  accounts  of,  or  accounts  from 
various  authors,  who  imagine  that  a  colony  i.i  Welsh  came  to  America  7  or  800 
yeai"s  ago.  It  is  as  tridy  astonishing  as  i  .1/  thing  we  meet  with  to  ohsrr.e 
how  many  pei*sons  had  found  i)roofs  of  the  existence  of  tribes  of  Welsh  in. 
dians,  about  the  same  period  As  a  case  exactly  in  j)oint  with  that  mentioned 
at  the  begiiniing  of  the  last  paragraph,  I  oflo;r  what  Mr.  Brackenridge  says 
upon  this  matter.  "That  no  Welsli  nation  exists,"  he  observes,  " at  present, 
on  this  continent,  is  beyond  a  doul)t.  Dr.  Barton  has  taken  great  |>ains  to  as- 
certain the  languages  spoken  by  those  tribes  east  of  the  Mississippi,  and  tin.' 
Welsh  finds  no  place  amongst  them;  since  the  cession  of  Louisiana,  the  tribps 
west  of  the  Mississijipi  have  been  rsufBciently  known ;  we  have  had  intt  r- 
course  with  them  all,  but  no  Welsh  are  yet  foimd.  In  the  year  1798,  a  young 
Welshman  of  the  name  f  Evans  ascended  the  Missouri,  in  com|)any  with 
Mafcei/,  and  remained  two  yi'ars  in  that  country ;  he  spoke  both  the  ancient 
and  nK)dern  Welsh,  and  addressed  himself  to  every  nation  between  that  river 
and  New  Spain,  but  found  no  Welshmen."  This,  it  would  seem,  Ik  conclu- 
sive enough. 

Mr.  Peck,  in  his  "Gazetteer  of  Illinois,"  has  aimed  so  hajipy  a  stroke  at  the 
writers  on  our  antiquity,  that,  had  I  met  with  his  rod  before  I  had  made  the 
previous  remarks,  I  should  most  c.ertaiidy  have  made  use  of  it.  I  shall  never- 
theless use  it.  Af^er  saying  something  upon  tli  >  nnticiuities  of  Illinois,  he  pro- 
ceeds: "Of  one  thing  the  writer  is  satisfied,  ti;  very  imperfect  and  inconeet 
data  hav(!  Ih'ci,  relied  ujion,  and  very  erroneous  conclusions  drawn,  npon 
western  antiquities.  VVlioever  has  time  and  iiatience,  and  is  in  other  respicis 
qualified  to  exi)lore  this  field  of  science,  and  will  use  his  spade  and  eyes  to- 
gether, and  restrain  liis  imagination  fi'om  running  riot  anmngst  mounds,  forti- 
fications, hoi"seshoes,  medals,  and  whole  cabinets  of  relics  of  the  "olden  time," 
will  find  very  littl(>  more  than  the  indications  of  rude  savages,  the  unceslors 
of  the  present  race  of  Indians." 


END    OF   BOOK    FITIST. 


[Book  I 


I  of  some  kind  of  uni- 
,  &c.  niid  njraiii  x\\n^,. 
Hfl.  TlioBi^  designs  an; 
portioned.  Tlic  i)illjir> 
tlic  s(iiiaiT,  are  iiifrcni- 
9,  ascending  ii|)wuii|>: 

ade  of  tiie  great  liijrli- 
lot  in  a  very  par'icnldr 
seem  to  be  tlios  ;  of  a 
narks  upon  tlie  Indian 
ssary  to  observe  as  n  y 
the  least  sig..i  of  the 
r  inlmhitants  of  tin  oW 
nost  distant  aiitiqiiin." 
[erent  peoi)le  make  "up 
lie  it  is  for  us  to  spend 
3  before  observed,  it  is 
collected.  It  can  add 
piities,  to  talk  or  write 
lews ;  but  if  flie  time 
I  to  some  useful  ])\\r- 
be  matter  now  stands, 
of  misleading  or  coii- 
)le.    I  am  led  to  make 

ts  of,  or  accounts  from 
le  to  America  7  or  800 
meet  witli  to  obscr.e 
f  tribes  of  Welsh  in- 
It  with  that  mentioned 
Ir.  Brackenridge  snys 
observes,  "at  present, 
iken  great  pains  to  n?- 
e  ]Mississi|)pi,  and  the 
r  Louisiana,  tl)e  trilwj 
;  we  have  bad  inter- 
year  1798, a  young 
i,  in  company  with 

ic  both  the  aiicicm 
between  that  ri\(r 

uld  seem,  is  conolii- 


)n 


ia|»i)y  a  stroke  at  the 

fore  I  had  made  the 

of  it,   I  shall  uevpi- 

es  of  Illinois,  he  pro- 

perfect  and  incorrect 

isions  drawn,  ujion 

is  in  other  respects 

spade  and  eyes  tn- 

longst  mounds,  forti- 

of  the  "olden  time," 

vages,  the  ancestors 


BIOGRAPHY   AND   HISTORY 


OF    TIIE 


INDIANS  OF  NORTH  Ax.IERICA. 


BOOK  II. 


BI( 


BOOK    II. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY   OF  THE  NOKTHEBN 
OR  NEW  ENGLAND   INDIANS. 


"  'Ti«  (food  to  muse  on  natiuna  passed  awnjr 
Forever  from  the  land  we  call  our  own." 


Yamotdib. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Conduct  of  the  earhf  voyagers  toirnrds  the  Indians. — Some  account  of  the  individuals 
Donaconn — A^uaa — Tasquantiim,  or  SquaiUo — Dehitmda — HhMicarrocs — Jissacu- 
met — Miinida — I'eihmu — Monopcl — Pcktnimne — Sukawcslon — Epaiww — Munawet 
— Wu.iapc — Conccunum. 

The  firfJt  voyngcrs  to  a  countrj'  were  anxious  to  confirm  the  tnith  of  tin  ir 
accounts,  jtiid  tlienfon!  took  i'roni  tlicir  newly-discovered  lands  wliaiever 
seemed  best  suitiul  to  that  object.  The  inhabitants  of  America  carried  off 
by  Europeans  were  not,  perlums,  in  any  instance,  taken  away  by  voyagers 
nieri'Iy  for  this  object,  but  that  tn(!y  might,  in  time,  learn  from  them  the  value 
of  the  country  from  whence  they  took  them.  Besides  those  forcibly  carried 
away,  there  were  many,  doubtless,  who  went  through  overpei-suasion,  and 
ignorance  both  of  the  distan(;e  and  usage  they  should  meet  with  in  a  land  of 
strangers;  wliich  was  not  always  as  it  slio\d(l  have  been,  and  lujnce  such  as 
were  ill  used,  if  they  ever  returned  to  their  own  countiy,  were  prepared  to 
be  nnenged  on  any  strangers  of  the  same  color,  that  chanced  to  come  among 
tliein. 

In  the  first  voyage  of  Columbus  to  America,  he  took  along  with  him,  on  his 
return  to  Spain,  a  considerable  number  of  Indians;  how  many  W(^  do  not 
know  ;  l>ut  several  died  on  their  passage,  and  seven  were  presente<l  to  the  king. 
Viiicente  Yahez  Pinzon,  a  captain  under  Columbus,  kidnapptul  four  natives, 
whom  he  intended  to  sell  in  Spain  for  slaves;  but  Columbus  took  thf  m  fi-om 
liim,  and  nistored  them  to  their  friends.  In  this  first  voyage  to  the  islands  of 
tlie  new  world,  the  blood  of  several  Indians  was  shed  by  the  hostile  arms  of 
tlie  Spaniards.* 

There  were  three  natives  presented  to  Ileni-y  VII.  by  Sebastian  Cnhot,  in 
l.Wi,  wiiich  he  had  taken  from  Newfoundland.  What  were  their  names,  or 
what  became  of  them,  we  are  not  informed  ;  but  from  the;  notice  of  historians, 
we  learn  that,  when  found,  "they  were  clothed  with  the  skins  of  beasts,  and 
lived  on  raw  flesh ;  but  afler  two  yer.rs,  [n^sidence  in  England,]  were  seen  in 
the  king's  court  clothed  like  Englishmen,  luid  could  not  be  discerned  from 


*  My  [>rcseiil  ronoern  not  !>(<iiip  will)  ilip  liidians  of  Soiiili  America,  I  bt'^  leave  to  roCcr  llie 
rciidiT  lo  !i  litlli!  work  lately  pulilished,  ciiiiilod  Thk  Old  Indian  CuKoNiti.K,  in  wliirli  <ill 
tlie  iiroiniucul  facts  concerning  the  atrocilios  of  tlic  tipuniurds  towards  llicin  will  be  foiuid 
stated. 


CONDUCT  OF  EARLY  VOYAGERS 


[Book  IL 


EnglisliinMi."*  These  were  tli<3  first  Indians  ever  s(!en  in  Enplaml.t  Tlicy 
wen;  liiouglit  to  tiir,  English  conrt  "in  tlii-ir  country  lial tit,"  unci  "spoke  "a 
language  never  lieani  hetore  out  of  their  own  eouMtry."! 

Tlic  rreiieii  discovered  tiie  River  St.  Ijiwrence  in  ir>()H,  and  liie  captiiii, 
of  the  ship  who  ina(h'  tin?  discovery,  carried  sivcral  natives  to  Paris,  which 
weri!  the  iii-st  ever  seen  in  France.  Wiiat  were  their  names,  or  even  how 
many  thi-y  wi  re  in  ninnhir,  is  not  set  down  in  the  accounts  of  tliis  voyag( . 
The  nanit!  of  tiiis  cajitain  wius  Tliomas  ,fluhert,§ 

John  f'lriizziin,  in  tin'  service  of  Enuice,  in  I'y'il,  sailed  along  th'-  Aniericaii 
coast,  and  landed  in  several  places.  At  one  place,  wiiicii  we  jialge  to  In 
Home  part  of  the  coast  of  Connecticut,.  "iiO  oi"  his  men  landed,  and  weni 
ahoiit  two  leagues  u|>  hito  the  coiuiti-y.  The  inhahitants  fled  hefore  thein, 
but  they  caught  an  old  woman  wlio  liad  hid  herself  in  the  high  grass,  wiilni 
young  woman  aliout  IH  years  of  age.  The  old  Moman  carried  a  child  on  Iki 
hack,  and  had,  hesides,  twd  little  hoys  with  her.  The  young  woman,  tud. 
carried  three  children  of  her  own  sex.  Seeing  thems(  Ives  discovered,  tli(\ 
hegan  to  shriek,  and  the  old  one  gave?  them  to  undei-stand,  hy  signs,  that  tin 
men  weri'  (led  to  the  woods.  They  oftered  her  something  to  «'at,  which  sin 
accepted,  hut  the  maiden  refused  it.  This  girl,  who  was  tall  and  M'ell  sha|ie(|, 
they  were  desirous  of  taking  along  with  them,  but  as  she  made  a  violeni 
outcry,  they  contented  themselves  with  taking  a  l)ov  away  with  them."i| 
The  name  of  i\k\v  Fkam-k  was  given  to  North  America  in  this  voyage,  hi 
another  voyage  here,  yerazzini  was  killed,  anil,  lus  some  say,  eaten  by  tin 
Indians. 

Vvw  of  the  «'arly  voyagei*s  were  better  than  demi  savagi-s,  for  they  would 
retaliate  upon  the  Indians  as  though  they  had  been  onet|iial  tooting  with  them, 
ill  respect  to  their  <n\n  ideas  of  justice.  When  Capt.  Jfii'lson  discoveri'd  anil 
sailed  up  the  river  w  Inch  nou  hears  his  name,  the  most  Hagraut  injustice  w.is 
committed  on  the  Indians  hy  some  of  bis  men.  To  s<t  that  afhiir  in  a  clenr 
light  befor"  tJie  reader,  we  will  give  the  following  passages  fiom  the  journal  (j| 
Robert  Jutl,  one  of  the  voyage. 

1(>0!>,  Scjtt.  ().  Our  master  sent  John  Colmnn  with  four  men  to  sound  tlr 
river,  lljur  leagues  distant,  which  they  did, but  in  their  return  to  the  shi|t,  iIm  v 
were  set  ujion  by  Indians  in  two  canots,  to  the  numher of'-iii;  in  which  atlitir 
John  Colmun  was  killed  by  an  arrow  shot  into  his  throat,  and  two  othei*s  were 
wouuih'd.  TIh!  next  day  Colman  was  buried  on  u  point  of  land  which  to  tlibi 
day  be'ars  his  name. 

What  oHence,  if  any,  was  givi.  to  tb(^  Indians  to  provoke  this  attack  from 
them,  can  never  l)e  discovered;  but  from  the  course  of  proceedings  of //itrfso/iV 
men,  there  can  Ik;  l)nt  little  doubt  of  oll'ence  of  some  kind  on  their  part. 

Sept.  8.  The  people  came  on  board  us,  and  lirought  tobacco  juid  Indian 
wheat,  to  exchange  ibr  knives  and  beads,  and  oflercMl  ns  no  violence.  So  we, 
fitting  up  our  boat,  did  mark  them,  to  s(!e  if  they  would  make  any  show  of  the 
death  of  our  man,  but  they  did  not. 

Sej)t.  !•.  In  the  morning  t>vo  great  canoes  raine  on  board  full  of  men  ;  one 
with  bows  and  arrows,  and  the  other  ui  show  of  buying  knives  to  betray  us; 
but  we  jterceived  the'ir  i'ltention.  We  took  two  of  them,  to  have  kept  them, 
and  put  red  coats  on  them,  and  would  not  suffer  the  othei-s  to  conx;  near  us, 
and  soon  al\er  the  canoes  leave  them.  Immediately  two  other  natives  came 
on  board  us;  one  wi'  took,  and  let  the  other  go,  but  he  soon  escaped  by  jump- 
ing overboard. 


*  Rnijin's  Ifi.it.  Eu^lnnd,  i.  (i8.").  ed.  fol. 

t 'I'liis  is  ii|inn  ilic  uulliorily  of  Iferkehi.  bistrnd  of  /Jjjo/i/m/,  however,  lie  snys  Ki trope , 
but,  l>y  sayiiiff  lliir  si.r,  wliicli  ('dliimliii.s  liud  l>erort'  lakcii  from  Si.  tSalvailor,  luaile  llieir 
esoain',  lie  >Ii()Wn  IiIn  siiiitTlk-ial  kiiowlcdfjo  oC  those  all'airs.     Hear  llrrreni  : — 

•'  E?i  .•^iiltli  (IffiLi,  Uhal  i.s,  u/'ler  Volumbim  luul  replirJ  /o  the  khiir's  Iftter  ahniil  a  srnmil 
I'Oi/rtijT.]  il  f  <.'()/«Hi/';«]  partil  pour  allrr  h  Itarcilone  dure  sepi  Iiidirn.i,  pitrrr  que  hn  tiiilres 
estoifil  morts  en  elu-mhi.  It  fit  porter  aiie(pir  liiij  ties  perroqiiit.s  verils.  et  tie  rtintrex,  el 
dUmtres  eho.ie.i  tli'^w.i  tl'iitlmirtttitin  ipii  n'lmoienl  iiwuti.i  t-.sl''  eeiii'.s  en  r,.ipa(riie."  Hisl.  ilt'S 
Indos  Ocrilciii.  i.  102.  ImI.  Kilid, ;{  loincs,  tto.  See  also  //a;-'/,v,  r((//i/(,'-cA-,  ii.  13.  od.  1764, 
2  V.  tol.  ;   liofiertsim,  Anterirn,  i.  (It.  ed.  1778,  'tto. 

t  I!erkely'.s  j\avut  Jlist.  Jirit.  '268.  ed.  llbC),  Col.  and  Harris,  Voyages,  ii.  lyi. 

$  Forster,  432.  ||  Ibid.  4^34,  4aj. 


Chap. 

Sept-' 

rivrr. 
gll\e  il~ 

Sept. 
W'oiMin  I 
of  tin  II 
copper,  I 

Tlnil 


s 


[Book  IL 


ill  Knpland.f     'I'lj,,, 
lml)it,"  uiul  "spoke  a 

I.WH,  and  the  captaii, 
itivcH  to  I>aris,  \\|,i,.), 
iiaitH  «,  or  even  |,„„ 
I'liiits  ol"  tliis  vo\a"i 

I  aloiiir  the  Aiiicricn,, 
lii-li    \\r  jiiilfrr  to  I,, 

II  landed,  and  \vem 
Its  fled  heiore  tliein, 
III'  iii^di  p-ass,  will,  ,i 
•anied  a  elijld  on  li,, 

yi>iin;r  woman,  Uh,. 
vcM  disrovcrcd,  tli(\ 
id,  liy  si-rns,  that  iIm 
iijr  to  cat,  wliieii  sIk 
tali  and  well  shaped, 
sIk'  made  n  violeni 
iNvay  with  tliem."! 
I  ill  this  voya^'c.  In 
!■  say,  eaten   hy  the 

iff's,  for  tiipy  W'onid 
d  (ixiting  with  them, 
hull  discovered  and 
aijrraiil  injustice  w,i.>> 
that  afliiir  in  a  cjenr 
iiom  the  journal  of 

men  to  soniid  tli' 
m  to  tiie  ••^hip,  iliev 
ifi;  ill  which  atliiir 
id  two  ofheix  were 
'land  wliicii  to  tliLi 

lif  this  attack  frotn 
!'diiiysof//Ht/so;i'« 

III  their  jiait. 
jhacco  juid  IiidiaB 
vi(tlenc<'.     So  we, 
:e  any  sliow  of  the 

full  of  nion  ;  one 
vcs  to  betray  us; 
>  have  kept  them, 
-i  to  come  near  us, 
her  natives  came 

scaped  by  junip- 


er, he  siiys  Europe, 
aKa<lor,"iiiaile  llieir 

litter  (ihniit  n  sfnmd 
jmrcf  que  hs  (iiilres 
/.«.  rt  ill-  r<m<;es,  ei 
»7<«i!7?.\"  Ilisl.  (]et 
[i^cs,  ii.  15.  eti.  17()4, 


Jhap.  I] 


TOWARDS  THF,  INDIANS. 


i.  lyi. 


6 

le 
uid 


Sent.  11.  The    sliip  bad  now  anchored  nt  consideraiile   distance    up   tl 
river.     'I'lie  jieojilc  of  the  country  came  on  board,  making  show  of  love,  an 

live  us  tobacco  and  Iniiian  whi-at. 
"  Sept.   \'2.  This  moriiinir  there  came  ei<rlit-and-twenty  canoes  full  of  men, 
wiuiieii  and  children  to  betray  lis:  but  we  saw  their  intent,  and  sullired  tioiie 
of  them    to   come   on     lM)iird.     'i'la  y    have    irn'at    tobacco    pi|>es   of  yellow 
f  cojiper,  and  pots  of  earth  to  dress  their  meat  in. 

/       Tliat  the  Indians  came  "to  betray  th(  in,"  wilh  their  women  and  childri  u, 
tiiki  M  notion  of  our  voyairei-s,  but  they   were  not  acipiainted  with 


was  a  mi^ 

the    maniiiis   of  these  peiiple.     It    is,  and  always    has 

custom  to  seial  away  <ir  leave  at  home  their  liimilies  wlieii  they  <ro  out  upon 

an  expedition. 

Sept.  !.").  Uuihon  sails  '20  leairues  firther  u|»  the  rivr'c,  "  passiiif;  by    liifrli 
mouiitJiiiis,"  probablv  the  bi'fh   lands  of  West  I'oint. 

'  .     '    .      L-  _   .  i"  .1...    .1.: I   I 


been    their    iiiiivei-sal 


This 


morniiij,'  tii"  two 
cajitive  savair"  s  <.'ot  out  of  a  poil  of  the  ship  and  made  their  escape. 

Sept.  IH.  'The  master's  mate  went  on  r>bore  with  an  old  Indian,  a  sacherii 
of  the  couiiti  V,  who  took  him  to  bis  bouse  and  treated  him  kindly. 

Oct.  1.  Tlie  ship,  haviii'r  tlillen  down  the  river  "seven  miles  below  tlio 
mountains,"  comes  to  anchor.  One  man  in  a  i-anoe  kept  liau<;iii^  under  the 
stern  (tf  tlie  slii|t,  and  would  not  be  driven  oti".  lie  soon  contrived  to  climi) 
up  by  the  rudder,  and  jrot  into  the  cabin  window,  vvhicli  had  been  letV  open, 
from  which  he  stole  a  pillow,  two  irts,  and  two  bandoleers.  Tiie  mine  shot 
hini  in  the  breast  and  killed  him.  Many  othei-s  were  in  cano(<s  about  the  shi|t, 
who  immediately  fled,  and  some  jumped  overboard.  A  boat  manned  from 
the  ship  pursued  them,  and  coming;  up  with  one  in  th"  water,  he  laid  laild  of 
the  side  of  the  boat,  and  endeavored  to  overset  it ;  at  which  one  in  the  boat 
cut  otl"  bis  hands  with  a  sword,  aud  he  was  drowned. 

Oct.  *2.  Tliey  (iill  down  seven  lengties  fintlier,  and  anchor  again.  Then,  says 
^lefi,  came  one  of  the  savag  s  that  swam  away  from  us  at  our  froinjj  up  tho 
river,  with  many  others,  thinkiiifr  to  betray  us,  but  we  suffered  none  of  them 
to  enter  our  ship.  VVhireupon  two  canoes,  full  of  men  with  their  bows  and 
arrows,  shot  at  us  afbr  our  stern  ;  in  recompense  whereof  we  (lischarged  six 
muskets,  and  killi ,.  two  or  three?  of  them,  riieii  above  an  hundred  i^  them 
came  to  a  point  of  land  to  ."lioot  at  us.  There  I  shot  a  falcon  at  them,  an<l 
killed  two  of  tliem ;  whereupon  the  rest  fled  into  the  woods,  ^'et  they 
manned  off  another  canoe  with  nine  or  ten  men,  which  came  to  meit  us;  so  I 
shot  at  if  also  a  falcon,  and  shot  it  through,  and  killed  one  of  them.  Tlien  our 
men,  with  their  muskets,  killed  three  or  liair  mor.'  of  them. 

Thus  are  recorded  the  Indian  events  of  Hit  lion's  voyage  in  the  Rivor 
Manmi-hntn,  (as  he  learned  its  name,)  in  KiOlt. 

Jhiiftronfi,  a  chief  upon  the  |{iv(  r  St.  Croix,  was  met  with,  in  If):}."),  Iiy  tho 
voyagvr /vmrs  Cartiir,  who  was  well  receivt  d  and  kindly  treat"(|  by  birn  and 
his  pe(i|il  •;  to  npay  which,  Cnrticr,  "panly  by  stratagem  and  partly  by  force," 
carried  him  to  Trance,  win  re  he  soon  afbr  dieil.*  Notwithstanding,  Cariier 
was  in  ill'' country  five  yeai-s  afb-r,  wh»re  he  iliiind  .7^o»«,  the  successor  of 
Domtroihi,  and  c  xchanged  pres;  nts  with  him,  probably  reconciling  him  by 
some  jilaiisible  account  of  ihe  absence  ni'  Doiincona. 

T(ts lUfintiim,  ov  Tis(iuntitum,  WHS  our  of  the  five  natives  carried  from  the 
coast  of  New  I'Jigland,  in  KiO"),  by  Capt.  (jti)r<re  ff'aynwutli,  who  hail  been 
siiil  out  to  discover  a  nortli-west  passage-.  This  Indian  wius  known  afbrwards 
to  the  settli  i-s  of  I'limouth,  by  whom  he  was  gen-  rally  called  \Sjunnto  or 
'Siuantiim,  by  abbre\  iation.  The  names  of  the  othi  r  four  w;t.'  Manilla^ 
SkiUwarrois,  Dduimid  and  .^ssacunut. 

Altlioiigh  Gwr/^fs  do.  s  not  s;iy  /hhuiwla  was  one  brought  ovir  at  this  time, 
it  is  evident  that  lie  was,  ln'caiis  ■,  so  fiir  lus  we  can  discover,  there  w(  ro  no 
otler  natives,  at  that  tim  '  in  Kngland,  but  ties-  five. 

Sir  I'lrlinanh  (I'lrirts  .says,  Unijmmdh,  "  fjilling  short  of  his  course,  [in 
SPi'kiiig  the  N,  W.  passage,]  hap|)enrd  into  a  river  on  the  coast  of  America, 
calli'd  /Vmmar/ai/,  from  whence  be  broiiglit  five  of  the  native  s."  ".And  it  so 
pliasi'd  our  gn-at  (Jod  that"  tyaijimuth,  on  his  return  to  Kiigland,  "eami!  into 


!• 


'  Forslcr,  'MO— 4-^2. 


CONDUCT  OF  EARLY   VOYACJKRS 


[Book  II 


II 


h(Q 


tJio  hnrhor  of  Plyiiiniith,  wln-n*  I  tlicii  coiiiiniUKUMl."  Tlin'c*  of  >^lios( 
nntivt's,  imiiifly,  .U«Hi.'/rt,  Sketlwarroes  tiiut  Tasijuanlum,  "I  wi/.ivi  ii|mi|i, 
Tlicy  wen-  all  of  mw  nation,  init  oj'  several  parts,  and  sev(  ral  liiiniliew.  'l'lii> 
accident  niiist  be  acknowlcd^red  the  nu'ans,  under  (lod,  of  piittin;;'  on  liKj; 
and  ^'ivin^'  life  to  all  our  plantations." 

l'n\ inii  ;rnat  attention  to  tla sc  natives,  lie  soon  luiderstood  enouffli  liy  tlicin 
a')out  the  country  li'oin  whence  they  came  to  establish  a  belief  that  it  wasdi 
great  value;  not  perhaps  inakinifdue  allowance  i<)r  its  liein^  their  homv.  Ainl 
Sir  FtrdiiKuulo  adds,  "  Aller  I  iiad  those  people  sonietiuies  in  my  (ustody,  I 
observed  in  them  an  inclination  to  tidlow  the  example  of  tiie  better  sort ;  ami 
in  all  their  carriaf,'es,  manifest  shows  of  ^rcat  civility,  far  from  the  rudeiiis^ 
of  our  common  people.  And  the  lonj^ir  1  conv<  rsed  with  them,  the  betfcr 
hope  they  jrave  me  of  tliosi;  jmrts  where  they  did  iiiliabit,  as  proper  lor  oin 
uses;  especially  when  I  found  what  goodly  rivers,  stately  islantls,  and  sjill 
harboj-s,  those  parts  abounded  with,  beiiifi  tht*  special  marks  I  leveled  at  as  tin 
only  want  our  nation  met  w  ith  in  all  their  navigations  iilong  that  coast.  And 
having  kept  them  full  three  years,  I  made  them  able  to  set  me  down  wlmi 
great  riv«'rs  run  ii|)  into  the  land,  what  men  ol"  note  \v(  re  seated  on  thim, 
wiiat  power  they  were  otj  how  alli<'d,  what  enemies  they  had,"  iLr. 

Thus  having  gained  a  knowledge  of  the  country,  Sir  FtrJinaulo  got  ready 
"a  ship  t'urnished  with  men  and  all  nec«'Hsaries "  H>r  a  voyage  to  America,  aiul 
sent  as  her  captain  iMr.  Hciin/  Clialloung,\  with  whom  he  also  s«nt  two  of  his 
Indians.  The  names  of  these  were  jlssarumd  and  Maniiln.  Chalons,  haviiifr 
been  taken  sick  in  the  beginning  of  the  voyage,  altered  his  course,  iuid  hisi 
soiiuMime  in  the  West  Indies.  Afh-r  being  able  to  proceed  northward,  lie 
depnrted  from  Porto  Rico,  and  was  soon  aUer  taken  by  a  Spanish  licet,  and 
carried  into  Spain,  "wliero  their  shi|)  and  goods  were  contiscate,  themselves 
made  prisoiiei-s,  the  voyage  overthrown,  and  both  my  natives  lost."  Oiic, 
however,  ./Iss'ariimct,  was  atlerwurds  rocovered,  if  not  the  other.  This  voyage 
of  Clialons  was  in  KiOti. 

It  appears  that  the  liord  Chief  Justice  Pophain  |  had  agreed  to  send  a  vessel 
to  the  aid  of  Chalons,  which  wa«  accordingly  done  Iteliin;  the  news  of  \m 
b«!ing  taken  was  known  in   lOngland.     For  Sir  FcrJinauilo  Gurfces  says,  "  li 

tdeased  the  lord  chief  justice,  according  to  his  promisi',  to  dispatch  Capt. 
Martin]  l*rin  from  Jtristol,  with  hope  to  liave  found  ('apt.  Challoxm^e  •" 
"but  not  hearing  by  any  means  what  became  of  him,  afti  r  he  lia<l  niaile  n 
p«'rf(fct  discovery  of  all  thosi!  rivers  and  harbtirs,"  "brings  with  him  the  moMt 
exact  discoverv  of  that  cojlsI  that  ever  came  to  ni)  haiKis  since,  and,  indeed, 
be  was  the  best  able  to  p(  rform  it  of  any  I  met  wiihal  to  tiiis  pn  si  nt,  [tiiiii,] 
which,  w  ith  his  relation  of  tlii^  country,  wrought  such  an  impri  ssioii  in  ilit' 
lord  chief  justice,  and  us  all  that  were  his  associates,  that  (notwijhsianding  our 
first  disaster)  v\e  sit  up  our  r, solutious  to  follow  it  with  i  ilict." 

Ikhain.a  and  SkcUwarruvs  wi  re  with  Prin'^  in  this  voyage,  and  were,  with- 
out doubt,  his  most  i  tlici.  nt  aids  in  surve}iiig  the  coast.  It  appiais  Iniiii 
Oo/g'c.v,  that  Ikhamda  was  si-nt  by  the  chiif  justice,  who  we  suppose  hail 
considc  red  him  his  propeny,||  and  SkcUwarrois  Ity  himself.  They  returned 
again  to  Kngland  with  I'rin. 

*  ll  M'ein^.  iKiiii  lliis  I  ill!  ol  his  iiiiriiuive,  lluit  lie  liiiil  liul  (liree  ol  llieiii.  Ixil,  f'loiii  sul»e(|iieul 
pa^sap's.  It  ii|>|>eiir'-  he  hail  Ih.-iii  all.     See  also  Aimiiiii  jminlitl  In  Ihf  l.ijf. 
\  l.'liiilioii\,\>^  Millie.      f»()/;i'C.«  has  hiiii,  sonieliiiies,   (Vni/oinis,  Chitlcii,  \r. 

I  The  same  who  presided  at  the  trial  iil  Sir  i^'.  liiilei^U  ami  his  as.-iieiates,  in  1fi(!:i.  Sec 
Priwi's  ll'i)/7/'(i.  .V  ()/■  Derail,  CtTZ,  (173.  Fitltir,  in  his  W'lulliirs  of  Hiii^/iuid.  ii. 'Jiij.,  says, 
"'I'ra\elers  owed  their  salety  to  this  jndffc's  severity  many  years  alter  liis  death,  v\linli 
ha|i|ieiieil  .Anno  Diiniiiii  ll>*  *,"  thiiikiii-;,  no  doiil)!,  he  hail  inni  li  i>iili;;liti'ned  his  reailer  hy 
delinitely  statiiig  that  Sir  Jnltii  I'ofiluiiii  died  some  time  within  a  liiiiid  <(/ years.  'I'he  severily 
relerred  to  has  relereiieo  to  his  iin|iortiinin^  l^ii>n  ■^""<''''''  »"'  '"  |iardon  so  many  roliher"  ami 
thieves,  wliieh,  he  said,  tended  to  lender  the  jnil;fes  eonteinplilde,  and  "  wliieli  inaile  liiiii 
more  s|»ar,iiir  atlerwanl.' 

1^  (imms,  one  o(  the  main  sprliif^s  of  these  Iransarlions  who  wrote  the  aeronnt  we  ijivc, 
makes  no  mention  of  any  other  eaplaiii  aeiomiiaiiyiii);  Inin;  yet  l)r  nu/iinx's  anthoriiii's, 
Aiinafx,  i.  I'J.'),  led  him  to  reeord  'Ilioiinis  llinimii  as  ilic  |ierli>rnier  ol  this  voyajte.  Anil  a 
writer  of  jli'ii  says,  ILviam.  or,  us  he  ealls  him,  Hiini'in,  went  eommaiiiler,  and  I'rimie 
master.  See  2  (,'u/.  Muis.  Hint.  tioc.  ix.  '.i.  This  at^rees  with  ilic  uceuual  of  Cloigcs  liio 
younifer. 

II  Hu  liud  jirobiiblj'  been  givcii  to  liim  by  Sir  FeniinaivJo. 


The  Ml 
to  tin'  m~ 
30  Mii.\,| 
pn  >idiiil 
jiriivisioil 
for  the 
whom  iij 
and  kiiii| 
bccatiii'  tl 
"So  as  tj 
the  priiii| 
who  it 
weallier,| 
broken, 
Baslieba:^ 
him.  iiiid 
Sevi  nl 
colony  oil 
ing  most 
dealii   ol" 
auspiiioti 
broke  do' 

Hlli[)    NVitI 

which  til 
there  is 
friends, 
mean  dill 
To  retti 
vhe  coteii 
of  them  I 
away  by 
the  accoiil 
%    by  ffai/im 
■^    alKvve.i 
the  iianiei 
off  by  //i 
nine  yean 
haviiui"  ri 
with  SI  .'111 
think  thill 
of  iiiiulvi 
ratiiM' 
who,  it  is 
we  sliall 
we  shall 
coiini'ctei 
It  was 
stipjios  d 
('ap;'  ("<> 
three   Sit 
Per  h  mo  1 


'1. 


:t 


Chap  1-1 


TOWARDS  Tlir.   INDIANS. 


Tlin'(>»  (,f  Mi.os 
H,  "I  W'i/.cd  ii|i(i||. 
n  nsl  liiiiiilits.     Tliis 

,     of   pllttilljLf    oil      li,„; 

Olid  I'lioiifili  l>y  tlii'ii, 
Itcliff  iliiit  it  "wasdi 
iijj  tlicir  //owr.  And 
us  ill  my  nistody,  | 
till'  heller  .sort ;  i'lnd 
r  fh»iii  tlie  iii(leii,» 
illi  tlieiii,  ilie  |i,.|i(,|. 
t,  as  prnper  (or  om. 
ly  islands,  and  smi; 
kS  I  leveled  at  as  tin. 
If,'  that  coast.  Ainl 
set  me  down  wjiai 
re  seated  on  tliem 
lad,"  &.r. 

'trJiiianlo  f,'ot  ready 
ifre  to  America,  anil 
ilso  s<nt  two  of  his 
It.  Clialonn,  \\ti\\i\<: 
his  Cdiii-se,  and  lost 
I'eed  northward,  he 
1  S|»anish  (ieet,  and 
iitiscate,  theiiiselvcs 
latives  lost."  ihw, 
itlier.     This  voya;,'!' 

•ed  to  send  ii  vessel 
V.  the  news  of  Ins 
0  Gorfres  says,  "  Ji 
lo  dts|iatcli    Capt. 
"apt.   ChaUumifre ;" 
r  he  had  made  n 
with  him  the  most 
'ince,  and,  indeed, 
is  |ires<  nt,  [tiinr,] 
iiii|>ri  ssion  in  iliu 
twijlislandini;  onr 
t." 
and  were,  willi- 
It  a|»|i(ais  lidiii 
we   sii|i|K)se  had 
Tliey    returned 


l>iii,  fiojii  snl)M'(iriciii 

'/'■■ 
iVr. 

lilies,  in  ICtKi,  Sec 
iiii/iuid,  ii,  'JlU,  siiys, 
icr  Ihs  (Iciilli,  uliidi 
ilriK'd  liis  reader  l)V 
VCiiis.      'riie  severity 

>  niiiiiy  rolilier^  ajill 
I  "  vvlneli  made  liim 


The  next  vcnr,  1007,  these  two  natives  piloted  tliefii-st  New  Knirliind  colony 
I  the  inoiitli  of  Sasradahock  |{iver,shiei'  ihe  Keiiiieheek.     They  lell  I'.iifrland 


Mav,  aiK 


I  did   iiiit  arrive  lure  iiiilil  H  Aiiffiist   followinj.' 


»s  soon  as 


nresii 


|(''nt   had  taken  notice   ol'  the  place,  and    friveii  order   (iir    hindiiif;   th< 
he  despatched   away   Captain    (Ulhiii,   with   Skitwiinrs  his    ;.mide 


??|proVIS|on>,  111    11.. -| ..'. -I  ; '     .      ;  ,.    ,  •    ■"      ,    " 

Mlor  the  ihoriiii!.'!!  discovery  ol  the  rivers  and  haliilalions  ol  the  nativts,  li\ 
■'whom  he  was  iiroiifrht  to  several  of  them,  where  he  tiniiid  civil  enteriainiin  nt, 
^ond  kind  nspccts,  liir  limn  hriitish  or  sava>:e  natures,  so  as  they  siiddi  iily 
Ix'came  tlimiliar  ti-i.nds, especially  iiy  the  means  i\\'  Ihlinnula  and  Skilii'(trnis." 
"So  as  the  president  was  eariKStly  iiitrealed  liy  Simsinow,  »//>f7Y»N/,  and  others, 
thV  principal  Sa<:amores,  (as  they  call  tin  ir^rreat  lords,)  to  <ro  to  the  Hashalias, 
who  it  seems  was  tlieir  kiiif.'."  They  were  prevented,  howevc  r,  hy  adven^e 
wealher,  tiom  that  j<Miiiiey,  and  thus  the  promise  to  do  so  was  iiniiiteiitioiially 
broki  n  "much  to  the  erii  f  of  those  Saframon  stiiat  were  to  atn  nil  him.  The 
Bashelias,  notwilhstiiiidiiifr,  heariiifr  of  his  misfortune,  sent  his  ouii  son  to  visit 
him.  and  to  heat  a  trade  \\\Ui  him  tiir  furs." 

Several  sad  and  melanchcdy  acciih  nts  conspired  to  put  an  end  to  this  first 
rolonv  of  New  Knjflaiid.  The  first  was  the  hiss  of  tin  ir  slore-hoiise,  contain- 
in''  iiiost  of  their  supplies,  liy  fire,  in  the  winter  tidlowiiifj,  and  another  was  the 
death  of  |,ord  I'ti/ilnim.  It  consisted  of  !(,()  men,  and  its  hejiinnins,'  was 
auspicious;  hut  these  calamili.s,  tiif,'et her  with  the  death  of  their  president, 
hroke  down  their  resolutions.  So  many  discourafremenis,  notwithstandiii;,'  a 
nliip  with  supplies  had  arrived,  determiii'd  them  to  ahandoii  the  country, 
which  they  did  in  the  spring;.*  What  liecame  of  Ikhamdit  and  SkdlwarrMS 
there  is  no  mention,  hut  they  prohalily  remained  in  the  country  with  their 
friends,  unless  the  ^)assaf,'e  which  we  shall  hereatler  extract,  he  coiistriiid  to 
mean  diliirently.f 

To  return  to  Tisjuiintum.  There  is  s«ime  disafrreement  in  the  narrati\  es  of 
the  cotemp  ."ar\  w  riters  in  ii  spi  ct  to  this  chit  f,  w  hich  shows,  either  that  soiiu; 
of  them  are  ill  (iror,  or  that  therp  wire  two  of 'he  same  name — one  carried 
uway  hy  H'ai/muulli,  mu\  ihe  other  hy  Hunt.  I"' rom  a  critical  examination  of 
the  aecoimts,  it  is  In  lit  veil  tin  re  was  hut  one,  and  that  hewascaniid  tiway 
hy  ff'iii/inoiUh,  as  Sir  h'inh'iitrmlo  (!aru:(s  relates,  v\  hose  account  we  lia\e  i;i\eii 
alKtvi'.l  Jt  is  impossihle  that  Sir  Ftr.linaiulo  should  have  hi  en  mistaken  in 
the  names  of  those  he  received  fidin  U'ayiiioulh.  The  naiiHS  ol'  these  carried 
off  hy  HunI  are  not  friven,  or  hut  few  of  tin  m,  nor  were  they  kidnapped  until 
nine  years  idler  /r«//7/io)(//i',v  voyiifre.  It  is,  tin  n  Hire,  possihle  that  S</u(tntiim, 
haviiiii-  returned  home  from  the  service  of  (lorfrt.i,  wint  ajraiii  to  Kiifjland 
with  some  other  person,  or  perhaps  even  with  Utail.  JJiit  we  are  inclined  to 
think  that  there  was  hut  one  of  the  name,  and  his  being  carried  uwuy  an  error 
of  iiiad\ertrnce. 

I'atiiNrt,  allirward  cidled  Pllnwittli,  was  the  |)laci'  of  residence  of  S(iuitnlum, 

■       •    ■        ■  '  •'  '        '    -  '  '■        '  f  whi 

lie  til 

ily 


I'atiiNrt,  attirwarii  cjuieii  t'tiinomn,  was  iiie  |)iaci'  oi  residence  oi  .'xiiiinitum, 
who,  it  is  sail,  was  the  only  person  that  esuipid  the  jireat  pliifiiie  of  which 
we  shall  pailicidarly  speak  in  the  life  of  jMnxsasoil ;  win  re,  at  the  same  time, 
we  shall  take  up  asraiii  the  life  of  Squanlum,  whose  history  is  so  intiiiiately 
connected  with  it. 

It  was  in  Kill  that  Captain  Eiwdrii  Harloio^  was  sent  "to  discover  an  lie 
siippos  (I  alioiit  Cape  Cod,"  who  "  liilliiif,'  with  IMoiiajtfigan,  they  linmd  onely 
Cap:- Cod  no  lie  hut  the  maiiie  ;  tin  re  [at  !\lonhi.i;on  Island]  they  detained 
three  Saluiiijes  ahoord  tin  m,  called  I'crhmo,  Monoptl  and  I'tkniimur,  hut 
Pcrlimc)  li'iipt  tiiierhoard,  and  f(ot  away  ;  and  not  loiii;  alh  r,  with  his  consorts, 
cut  tiniir  lioat  tidiii  their  steriie,  j^ot  her  on  shore,  and  so  filled  her  with  sand 
uinl  i^narded  her  with  howes  and  arrowes,  the  I'jiglish  lost  her."|| 

This  exploit  of  Ffchmo  is  us  truly  brave  as  it  was  daring.     To  have  got 

*'riiev  iiail  '•  senlcd  liienisclvps  in  n  neniasnia,  wliirh  is  at  die  moiilh  of  lliis  river,  (Sagadii- 
nck.]  wliere  llii-y  liiiill  a  liirtress  lo  iUdt'iid  llieinsidves  Iroin  llieir  enemies,  wliicii  lliey  iiaincil 

">  I''"'!-  I' 


III. 


hoc  I   , 

iSV.  (liiii-;[c''     Aiinridi  imiiiUtt  to  tlii'  Life,  \<y  I'l'iil.  (ion 

t  Sec  lile  MiissitsKif 

}  ll  IS  |)laiii.  lioiii  I'liiice,  Chron.  \,\\.  thai  his  aniliors  had  eonfonadcil  Ihe  imiiios  of  lliese 
Iniliiiiis  (iiie  willi  iiiiiilher. 


is  r  Ft  (I.  (iori^es  is  (riibalilv  wronjr  in  calling  him  llennj  Ilaiietj. 
Capt.  Smith's  dm.  IlisL  N.  Eug. 


HUNTS   VOYAGE. 


[Book  II 


.Ti  ' 


umlrr  tlic  strrn  of  a  Hliip,  in  tin-  face  of  arniod  iiipn,  niul  nt  tlio  wiiiic  timi'  to 
liiiu'  Miccfi  (l(  (I  ill  liis  (It  .siitii  <>l"  t'littiii;,'  uwny  niid  caiTviiif;  ofV  tli*  ir  Ixiat,  \\;a 
nil  net  us  hold  and  dariiiff,  tu  hay  tlic  l<  uxt,  lu-"  tiiat  |k  rliiriiM d  in  the  Imilor  u( 
Tri|i(ili  l»y  our  ••(uiiilrjiiiaii  Ihrnlur. 

I  I'liiii  Mon!  i^Dii  Hiirldw,  procrrdiii^r  Miiitiiward,  fell  in  uiiii  an  i>|jiiii{ 
rail;  d  tlii'ii  liy  tlic  Indians  .\o/io;io.  I'niiii  tiiis  |ilacf  "  ilicy  Untkc  Sakiiins. 
toil,  lliat  ;.(ii  r  lie  had  iivrd  many  y<ar,s  in  llnfflaiid,  wt  nt  a  soldii  r  lo  tlic  \\,ii> 
()(■  KuliMiiia."'  ^V  licdii  r  lie  ever  ittiiriiod  we  arc  not  lold.  rroin  i|,i> 
island  tiicy  luocccdrd  to  ('a|m\Nicl\,  since  called  Cupofri,,  [iMariliaV  \  iiKyitnl. 
lit  IT  "tliey  tdoke  VuKvconam  i\\n\  Einnow"  and  "so,  wiili  line  Saliiiifix  s,  dm 
rctiirni'd  fur  lliifiland." 

Kiirnuw,  or,  as  sonic  wrtitc,  Epttnow,  seems  to  liavc  lieeii  much  sikIi  •, 
<'liaracii  riL^  I'trhmo — aiKid,  ciiiiiiiiijr,  hold  and  <larii]f,'.  Sir  Firdhmndit  (lOiisis 
iscxidciitly  (iioiHoiis  in  jiart  of  his  statnnent  al  (lit  this  native,  in  as  liir  i;s  it 
rclati  s  1(1  his  Jia\iiii.'  he(  n  hroiifrlit  away  liy  Hunt.  I'or  Hnrlino^x  Noyaire  wit 
in  li  ll,and  H/ianaw  was  s<  nt  ovi  r  to  Cape  Cod  willi  ('aptaiii  Hobsoii,  in 
Kill,  Miinc  nionlhs  lu  fore  Hunt  \vt\. 

As  it  is  |)eciiliarly  f;ialilyiiii;  to  the  writer  to  In  ar  such  old  vnicraMc  writim 
iui  Siiiifh,  (luri>:rs,  iir.  sp(  ak,  the  reader  |i(  rhaps  wciiiid  not  pardon  him  wnc 
■   to  witiihold  what  tl  e  inliniat(!  acipiaintance  ol'  the  intm  sting  Kpunow  siys 
/I  iiim.     Jlcar,  then,  fc  ir  A'cri/i'/i«Hr/o  ; — 

"Viiiilc  1  was  lalio'ing  hy  what  means  [  niiiiht  IksI  continue  life  in  mv 
langii;-'  i.njr  hopis,  iheie  ( (inu  s  one  Hinnj  Harlnj]  unto  me,  hrinjrinfr  with  hiiii 
u  native  of  the  Island  of  Capawick,  a  jilace  s<at((l  to  tin'  soulhward  of  ('a|i(i 
Cod,  whose  name  was  Ay;«?i<«'f,  a  person  of  jioodly  siatiire,  stionjf  and  will 
propertioiK  (I.  'J'his  man  wjls  taken  upon  the  main,  [hy  Hace,]  wiih  st me  'jilj 
otli<  i>  hy  a  ship  of  London  that  endeavored  to  sell  tlu  m  li)r  slav(s  in  Spainc, 
hut  Ix  iiig  undd-stood  that  they  wire  AintTicans,  iiid  heiny  lound  to  be  iiiiii|it 
for  their  lists,  they  would  not  meddle  with  tlu  in,  this  heiiiff  one  of  tlu  in  tlicv 
refiis:  (I,  wh(  rein  they  exprest  more  woilli  than  those  that  hroiij-ht  them  to  the 
niark(  t,  who  could  not  hut  known  that  our  nation  was  at  that  time  in  travel  tiir 
Bctliiifi  ol"  Christian  colonies  upon  that  continent,  it  heing  an  act  much  tending 
to  oiir  |ir(jii(lice,  when  we  came  into  that  part  of  the  countriis,  as  it  slmll 
further  appi  ar.  How  Capt.  Hnrltif  came  to  he  p( >*«  ss(  i!  of  tliis  savage,  I 
know  not,  iiut  1  niuUrstood  hy  otiu  ■><  how  he  had  hedi  shown  in  Jaiiu'.oii  itjr 
a  woiid'  r.  it  is  true  (  as  I  have  sitid)  he  wi.s  a  goo«;ly  man,  of  a  hiave  aspect, 
stout  iuid  soIk  r  in  his  demeanor,  and  had  leariu d  so  much  I'.nglish  as  to  hid 
tlios  '  that  W(ind(  r<  d  at  him,  Wki.come,  wki.coiVK  ;  this  h«'ing  llu  last  and  hot 
use  tluy  could  make  of  him,  that  was  now  grown  oiil  of  the  jit  oph  's  wondir. 
The  captain,  liiHiligfiirthi  r  into  his  (iimiliarity,  limnd  him  to  he  of  ac(|uaintaiii'e 
and  (ri>  iidship  w  itii  those  siihject  to  the  liashal  a,  whom  the  captain  \V(  II  km  w, 
being  hinisi  If  one  (d'  the  jlantation,  si  nt  ov  r  by  the  lord  chi.  f  Jiislirc, 
[P<il>h(tm,]  and  by  that  nuuiis  understood  much  oi'  his  language,  limiul  out 
the  place  of  his  birth,"  &<■. 

IJ.  fore  proceeding  with  the  historv'  of  Epnnow,  the  account  of  Capt.  Thomas 
Jhiv.Cs  voyage  should  be  related  ;  bi«ause  it  is  said  lliat  it  was  chi(  fly  owiiii,' 
to  his  pi  rfidy  that  the  Indians  of  New  I'.iigland  wi  re  become  so  hostde  to  the 
voyag  rs.  Neverth'.'less,  it  is  plain,  that  (i.s  we  have  air  ady  said)  Hunt  did 
not  (cminit  Irs  depredations  until  alt  r  Epanow  had  esca|)i'd  out  of  the  hands 
of  til  '  I'liglisli.  Capt.  John  Sniitk  waa  in  company  with  Hunt,  mid  we  wdl 
hear  him  n  late  the  w  hole  traiisjution.  \ih  r  stating  that  tin  y  arrived  at  iMoii- 
higoii  in  April,  Ilil4,^  spent  a  long  time  in  trying  to  catch  whalis  without 
Bucct  ss  ;  and  as  "ii.r  goid,  it  was  ratlii  r  the  masti  r's  device  to  g<  t  a  voyag", 
tliat   projected   it;"  that   fi^r  trifles  tluy  got  "near  JJCtO  btavtr  skins,  iCO 

*Cii|il.  Sinilli\  (I'tn    IJisl.  N.  llii'.r. 

t  P<ili.i|»  not  tlic  ("a[pl.  llarlKii-  lul'orc  mentioiiod,  tlicii";!!  Pi  rice  thinks  Oorjucs  incaiis  liiin. 

I  h  II  •111-)  111'  roli.TS  to  lliii'-c  liiki'ii  liy  limit,  iiv  I  ^ii|i|  vsi\  lie  m'Is  llu-  iiiiiii!n-r  liijilicr  thiiii 
ollicrs.  Ihs  L'riiii(i»oii,  /•'.  fVoj-^'-cv,  in  Aineiiiu  I'aintnJ,  &c.,  says  'it  vv;ls  the  iiiiiiilicr  scizid 
by  III  It 

^Siiiiili  had  an  Indian  named  Tuntum  with  hiin  in  lliis  voyage,  whom  he  set  on  slioru  al 
Cape  Co<l. 


HAP.    I] 

rtiii,'! 
d  his 

"The] 

M  al 
Imli:-I5| 
thiiikiiii^ 
kerp   III 
Iiiercliaiil 

C<)liii!i'>i| 
most  di 
carried  tl 
silly  salvl 
more  eliil 
F.  (!o[ 
OS  well  a| 
selling  tl 
Englaiidl 
ami  consi 
nun  lo,  d( 
iliterestiii 


m 


[Rook  II 

[1  nt  tlio  wmic  time  to 
iiK  «.tr  till  ir  |,„i,t,  „,y 
iii'd  ill  llic  liailcr  ,„ 

II  ill  uilli  oil  i>|,i,„| 
•Ik'V  todkc  .SVMv/ic,,. 
»  M)l(lii  r  lo  tli(.  wiirs 
i"t  told.  I'"n„ii  iiij,. 
[MtinlmV  \  iiK  \„ii|. 
Ii  liin'  S(ilimf.(f:,  tli,i 

Im'iii  iimcli  siicli  ., 
ir  t\rdinanil()  lioims 
iiiitivf,  ill  its  liir  ;,s  j; 

H<trl(tu\l  \()V)n;(.  v\;^ 

('"litniii  hobsoii,  in 

)l(1  V(  iicniMc  writ,  n- 
•  it  |)iir<i()ii  liiii,  s\nv 
n.siiiijr  Epa now  >ii[u 

roiitijnic  lif(>  in  ,„,. 
',  l)riii<riiifr  \vitli  lii,;, 
wMMliWiinl   vt'  fajio 

lit',  KtlOl.g    llllli    u,|| 

nvi',]  Willi  M  111,.  ^)(|| 
ill-  sliivts  ill  SjHiiiH', 
i;  ((iimd  to  lie  iiiiii|it 
if  <'ii»'  of  tli(  III  tlicv 

l)|-Olliillt   tilCIII   to  till' 

Kit  time  ill  iruvcl  ii,r 
II  act  iiiiicli  tending 

Illltl-itS,    JIH    it    slijilj 

d  of  til  is  sjiviifrc,  I 

>VM|  ill  J.oiidoji  tlir 

,  of"  a  liiavr  at*)i(Tt, 

l-iifflitsli  JUS  to  hid 

fr  iIm  Inst  and  Ixst 

pi  o|!l(  's  \voiid(r. 

»<■  ofacfjuaintaiKT 

aptain  \vi  II  kiK  w, 

!•<!    clii.  f  JiiMicc, 

foliage,  f()iiiid  out 

I  of  C-'apt.  Thomas 
was  (hit  fly  owiiii; 

no  llOStilo  to    till' 

ly  .Slid)  HiiJil  (lid 
out  ol  fho  Imiids 
finil,  and  wo  \v,|j 
V  arrivod  at  iMoii- 
I  wliali  s  vvitlioiit 
lo  f,'<t  a  voya;."', 
Kuvd-  skins,  ItO 


(iiirnp.s  means  liim, 
iMiinlicr  liijjlicr  lliaii 
<  lilt'  iiiiiiilicr  M'i/cd 

liu  sel  on  siiore  al 


lAi-.  I] 


EPA  NOW. 


larti.i,  and  as  many  otters,  tlio  moHt  of  tlioiii  witliin  tlie  distance  of  iiO  lea^nies," 
m\  his  own  (U^partiire  i\>v  Knrope,  ( 'apt.  Smilh  proeeeds  :— 
"Tlic  ntiier  siiip  staid  to  lit  lirrscif  for  Spam  with  the  dry  <isli,  wliieli  was 
)ld  al  .Malaga  at  4  rials  the  i|nintal,  each  Inindred  sveiyht  two  ipiintals  and  a 
aif.  — lint  ime  Tlwfi'is  Unit,  tlir  master  of  this  ship,  (when  I  was  ifoiir,) 
thiiikinir  to  prevent  that  iiit  nt  I  had  to  make  there  a  plantation,  tlieiliy  to 
ilTis  alxniiidiii!.'  I'oiiiitry  slill   in  oliseiirity,  that  only  lie  and  some  iVw 


k(*i')>  ,..,.    .■• ,  ,  .  . 

inerehants  mor.-  ini^dit  enjoy  wholly  the  lienelit  of  the  trade,  and  prolit  of  this 
cotiiitrv,  helrayed  limr-anll-twriity  (if  'hose  poor  sal vaifrs  ahoard  iiis  ship,  and 
most  dishoiirstly  and  inhiiiiianly,"for  uicir  kind  iisajre  of  me  and  all  our  iH^n, 
carried  llieni  with  him  to  Malaira  ;  and  there,  for  a  little  private  gain,  sold  thi'MO 
HilK  salvajT's  for  rial>  of  eight ;  lint  this  vile  act  ke|it  him  ever  atler  from  any 
more  eniplovmeiit  to  those  parts." 

/•'.  dnrixrs  the  younger  is  rather  eonfiised  in  his  areonnt  of  llunCn  voytige, 
as  well  as  the  elder.  IJiit  tlie  llirmer  intimates  that  it  was  on  account  of  llntil\i 
selling  the  Indians  lie  took  as  slaves,  the  news  (d*  wliiidi  having  got  into 
England  hetiire  Ij/xttunv  was  sent  out,  caused  this  Jndian  to  make  his  escape, 
aiKrcons'cpieiitly  the  overthrow  of  the  voyagi^ ;  whereas  the  latter,  Sir  FcriH- 
nan  III,  does  not  attrihiite  it  to  that.  Wo  will  now  hear  liitii  again  upon  this 
interesting  suhject : — 

"  The  reasons  ofmif  un'krlftkinff  the  emphijinenl  for  Ihc  in!      I  of  Capnwick. 

"At  the  time  this  new  sjivage  [EpanoH<]  came  imto  m-;,  J  id  recovered 
Aiso.uinet,  one  of  tlie  natives  I  s  nt  with  ('apt.  Clialoi  les  li<  iiis  tmliappy 
cniployniint,  with  whom  1  lodged  Kjienaiv,  who  at  tlu^  lii.  Iianily  understood 
one  tlie  other's  speech,  till  aHerawiiile;  I  perceived  the  dilferencc!  was  no 
more  than  that  as  ours  is  Itetween  the  northern  and  southc'-ii  peopi  •,  so  that  1 
was  a  little  eas 'd  in  the  use  I  made  of  my  old  siTvant,  whoi  .  I  eiii<!iged  to  give 
ai-eomit  of  what  he  learned  hy  confereiico  between  themsidves,  and  lio  as 
liiithfully  |)erforiiied  it." 

There  seems  hilt  little  doiiht  that  Epnnow  niul  ^'Issanmict  had  contrived  a  plan 
of  escape  hefore  they  letl  I'jigl.'.iifl,  and  also,  hy  finding  out  what  the  Hnglish 
most  valued,  and  assuring  them  that  it  was  in  ahundance  to  he  had  at  a  certain 
])laee  in  their  own  country,  prevailed  ii|ion  thiMii,  or  hy  this  pretended  dis- 
covery were  the  means  of  the  voyage  heing  undertaken,  of  which  we  are  now 
to  speak.  Still,  as  will  he  seen.  Sir  FeriHnam/o  does  not  speak  as  though  he  had 
heen  (piite  so  handsomely  du|»ed  hy  his  cunning  man  (d'tlio  woods.  (Jold,  it 
has  heen  said,  was  the  valiiahle  commodity  to  whiidi  Epanow  was  to  pilot  tlio 
English.     (iorii;es  proceiids  : — 

"  They  [("apt.  Iloh.ton  and  those  who  accompanied  him]  set  eail  in  June,  in 
Anno  I()I4,  heing  fidly  instructed  how  to  demean  themselves  in  I'very  kind, 
carrying  with  them  Epcnow,  .'h.mcomel,  and  iVanape,*  another  native!  of  thoso 
parts  sent  me  f>iit  of  the  Isle  id"  Wiglit,f  for  my  hotter  information  in  the  parts 
of  the  country  of  his  knowledge :  when  as  it  jiloased  God  that  they  were 
arrived  upon  the  coast,  they  v/ere  [liloted  from  j dace,  to  place,  hj'  the  natives 
tlirmselves,  as  widl  as  their  hearts  could  desire.  And  coming  to  th:-  harbor 
'■^penow 

litants 


I' 


ipal 


being  his  brothers,  others  his  near  cousins,  [or  relatives,]  who,  afhu*  they  bad 
coiiiiiiuiied  together,  and  wen;  kindly  entertained  by  the  captain,  (le|iarted  in 
tiieir  canoes,  |»roniising  the  next  morning  to  come  aboard  again,  and  bring 
sdiiie  trade  with  them.  But  Epcnow  |>rivately  (as  it  appeared)  bad  contracted 
with  his  fi-iends,  how  he;  might  make  his  escape  without  jierforming  what  he 
had  undertaken,  lieing  in  truth  no  more  than  he  bad  tokl  ni(!  he  was  to  do 
tliough  with  loss  of  his  life.     For  otherwise,  if  it  were  found  that  he  had  dis- 


*  I)(iiil)tli'ss  thp  same  cnllcil  l>y  others  Mamiire/,  wlio,  il  would  scoin  Iroiu  IMr.  IfiMiard, 
(//i\/.  .V.  rhiff.  ;<il.)  (lied  Ix'Ibrc  Kpiiiidir  osoa|)i'il,  "  soon  alkT  llio  sliip's  arrival." 

t  How  111'  raiiic  there,  we  arc  ai  n  loss  to  cl  terinini'.  unless  natives  were  carried  otV,  of 
wlioin  no  Mienlion  is  made.  This  was  unniiesiionaMy  the  case,  Cor  when  it  cami!  lo  l)e  a 
lomniDii  liiiji;,'-  Cor  vessels  lo  liriiiK  home  fniiiaiis,  no  menlion.  of  course,  would  be  madu 
of  ihcin,  cspcciidly  if  Ihey  went  volunttirily,  as,  no  doubl,  many  did. 


J>^     . 


10 


EPANOW. 


[HodK  II 


Al'.    II 


^''  v^ 


covtTPd  tlio  HOPrc'tM  of  h'lH  country,*  \w  wiih  siiro  to  linvc  \m  l)rainH  knorkt  out 

OH  siHin  lis  he  ciMiM'  iisliorc  ;f  lor  tlint  ciiiisr  i  >,'aM'  the  captain  strict  cliaiL'ii, 
cntlcuvor  Ity  all  means  to  |)i-rvrnt  liis  escaping'  tioin  tlicm.  Ami  lor  the  iiim 
Hiircty,  I  Kuvo  onlir  to  have  thrcr  p'rillcnirn  ot'  my  own  kindrcti  to  he  evern; 
liand  with  him  ;  cjnthin^'  him  with  lon^'  ^'arments,  tilly  to  he  laid  holil  on,  i: 
occM>ion  shonid  reipiire.  Notwithstanding  all  dii-',  his  triends  hein>;  all  cdin. 
al  \\\r  lime  ap|ioint('(l  with  twent\  canoes,  and  lyioir  at  a  certain  distance  \vli|, 
their  hows  ready,  the  captain  calls  to  them  to  come  ahoani  ;  hot  they  iin; 
mo\  in^',  he  speaks  to  tliiniow  to  come  imto  him,  where  he  was  in  the  fdii. 
castle  of  the  ship,  he  lieni^'  then  in  tht>  waste  of  the  ship,  hetween  the  iw. 
gentlemen  that  had  him  in  ifoard  ;  starts  snddeidy  from  tliern,  and  coming' t. 
the  captain,  calls  to  his  friends  in  l'',n!;lish  to  come  aboard,  in  the  interim  sli|,. 
himself  overhoanl :  And  althon^rh  he  were  taken  hold  of  hy  one  of  the  cciiii- 
pany,  yet,  hein;,'  a  strong  and  heavy  man,  could  not  he  stayed,  und   was 


ii- 


Hooiier  in  the  water,  hut  the  natives,  [his  friend 


the   hoats,l   sent   such 


shower  of  arrows,  and  came  withal  desperately  so  near  the  ship,  that  dm 
carrii-d  him  away  in  despifiht  of  all  the  mnsipietteers  ahoani,  who  were,  forth 
iiimiher,  as  <roii(|  as  om'  nation  did  atliird.     And  thus  were  my  hopes  of  ihat 
particular  [voyajre]  made  void  and  frustrate." 

Trom  the  wlmle  of  this  narration  it  is  evident  tliat  K/mnow  was  forcihlj 
retained,  if  not  tiircihly  carried  oil",  hy  the  Knfilish.  And  some  relatel  that  hi 
attacked  ('apt.  IJiriner  and  his  men,  siip|M)sinj,'  they  had  come  to  seize  aiul 
carry  him  hack  to  I'n^rland.  It  is  more  ])rolmhle,  we  think,  that  lie  meant 
to  he  reveiiijed  for  his  late  captivity,  and,  accordinj.'  to  real  Indian  custipm, 
resolved  that  the  first  whites  should  atone  f(»r  it,  either  with  their  lilt-  or  lihem. 
Gorixis  doi-s  not  tell  ns  what  his  hrave  "  musciiietteers  "  did  when  Hpnimc 
escaped,  hut  from  other  sources  we  learn  that  they  fired  upon  his  liherators 
killinjj  and  woundinjr  some,  hut  how  many,  they  could  only  coniecture,  Itiit 
there  is  no  rtM»m  (iir  conjecture  uhout  the  damajre  sustained  on  the  part  of  thi 
ship's  crew,  iJir  it  is  distinctly  stated  that  when  they  received  the  "shower  nf 
arrows,"  ("apt.  Hokion  and  many  of  his  mi'U  were  wounded.^  And  .S';ai'//ii 
says,  "So  well  he  had  contrived  his  husinesse,  as  many  re|K)rted  he  iiitemiiil 
to  have  surprised  the  ship ;  hi  ,  seeiiifi  it  could  not  be  eflected  to  his  likiiiL'. 
lieli)re  them  all  he  leaped  oner  hoord." 

W(>  next  meet  with  Epunnw  in  1(!1!>.  Capt.  Thnwns  Dormer,  or  Dermcr,  in 
the  employ  of  Sir  f.  G'or^fs,  met  with  him  at  ('a|)oife,  the  place  where,  live 
years  liet(>re,  he  mad(!  his  escape  from  Capt. //o/«oh.  Gorges  writes,  "TirK 
savaije,  speakinjj  soinci  r.nfilish,  laiiiijhed  at  his  owiie  esca|)e,  and  rei»orted  the 
t'tory  of  it.  Mr.  Dormer  tokl  him  he  came  from  me,  and  was  one  of  my  str- 
vaiits,  and  that  I  was  mu(di  pritived  h(»  had  been  so  ill  used  as  to  he  forced  tn 
steal  awa\.  This  savajje  Wiis  so  cmmiiij,',  that,  ath-r  he  had  (piestioned  liim 
about  me,  and  all  lu^  knew  helonjfed  imto  me,  <'onceived  he  was  come  on  pur- 
pose to  betray  him ;  and  [so]  conspired  with  some  of  his  fi-llows  to  take  iii. 
ca|)tain  ;  thereupon  they  laid  liands  n|)on  him.  Jiiit  he  bein<x  a  hrave,  stniit 
ffentlemaii.  drew  his  sword  and  fi'ced  himself,  but  not  without  14  wouinls. 
This  disaster  forced  him  to  make  all  possible  haste  to  Virj;inia  to  be  cured  of 
ills  wounds.  At  the  second  return  [he  havinsi  just  come  from  there]  he  had 
the  misturtmie  to  fall  sick  and  die,  of  the  iidirmity  many  of  our  nation  nru 
stihject  unto  at  their  tirst  cominjf  into  those  parts." 

The  ship's  crew  liein;;  at  the  same  time  on  shore,  a  fifiht  ensued,  in  which 
some  of  Hjiitnow^s  company  were  slain.  "This  is  the  last  time,"  stiys  a  writrr 
in  the  Historical  Collections,  "that  the  soil  of  iMartha's  Vineyard  was  stained 
with  human  blood  ;  l()r  from  that  day  to  tli(^  present  [1807]  no  Indian  has  been 
killed  by  a  white  man,  nor  white  man  by  an  Indian. 

In  relation  to  the  fiirhl  which  Dernier  and  his  men  had  with  the  Indians  at 
the  Vineyar<l,  .1/oWoH*i  relates  that  the  English  went  on  shore  to  trade  with 
tlioni,  when  tiiey  were  assjiulted  and  all  the  men  shiin  but  one  that  kept  the 

*  The  si'crels  ol'  the  siiiiily  ishiud  Ciipo^c,  or  llic  Mciii;lil>()riii!r  shores  ()t'("ii|)("  ("ml.  wliiilcvcr 
they  arc  now,  cxiNtpd  only  la  tinlli  ol  such  sanifuiiic  iniads  as  Sir  Frnliii'iii<liinin\  his  iidhcrcnls. 
t  \\\'  need  no  licllcr  <hs|>liiy  of  Ihc  cra(\  of  Epanow.  or  proof  ot'  liis  cininiag-  ia  dci'i)  plots. 
X  tirlLui'p,  Aaier.  Biog.  i.  'Mi.  ^Smilli's  New  KiiprhirKl. 

y  Ibid.  IT  N.  Eag.  Mumorial,  5!t,  51). 


^rririil  "'| 
«/«'.«( or"' ;| 
— !ifiiiiiii\ 
HolioMol 
MasHiiclil 


In    ItaC 

invincibli!  i 
birth,  and, I 
tlie  border 
for  ani:ht 
But  all  dat 
coinparisoi 
once  bivoi 

These 
settle  in 
the  Indian 
wems  then 
luiuls  here, 
adons,  pel 
le  L'ranted 

UA1>     BKF.N 
TUKKK     HA'I 
aKTHKR     W 
AMOl.'.NUST 

rn>o,  IS  A 

UI.ACION    O 

MANY   I.K.AO 

ANV    KIM>    I 

not  better,  ' 

Alter  nu 

41,  with  111' 

in  one  sma 

Their  pas? 

Cod,  !>  No 

proceeded 

coast.     On 

iiinonj;  the 

fiovernmei 

arrival,  vi/ 

armor,  pro 

not  show 

iiuthin<r  to 

woods  as  ! 

tlieiii  m;ui 

First   B 

give  the  i: 


*This  rl 

J        \  \Luinl 

aflorwiircU  c 

1^       \  Tlierc  V 


[Hook  II 

is  ImiiiiH  knockf  om 

tain  strict  cliini.n  (, 

Ami  lor  the  ninr 

liiidnd  t(i  lie  rvii-y 

I  1)1'  laid  liold  (III,  i: 

ends  Itciiijf  all  nii,,, 

•naiii  distance  \\)i\, 

iiard  ;   but  tlicv  in,; 

lie  was  ill  tlic'  tijiv. 

|»,  lictwccn  the  lu, 

Kill,  and  coiiiiii:;!, 

in  the  interim  sIIjk 

l»V  one  of  the  com. 

stayed,  und   wiin  h 

iMiats,]  sent  siidi;, 

tlie  slii|),  that  tiny 

d,  who  were,  Jill- ilr 

•e  my  hojK-H  of  ilim 

ixmow  was  forcihh 
<otne  relate}  that  li". 
come  to  seize  ninl 
link,  that  he  nn  imt 
•eal  Indian  ciisidtn, 
their  lite  or  liiiciiv. 
did  when  Upaimt 
upon  his  lilMi-atdi-, 
y  conjecmre.  \\\\\ 
I  on  th<!  |)art  of  tin 
I'd  the  "shower  111' 
led.^\  And  Sm\lh\ 
jHirted  he  iiitemiiil 
■ctt'd  to  liis  likiii;;. 

rmer,  or  Dernier,  in 

(lace  where,  live 

ff)  writes,  '•Tills 

Uld  repoi-ted   tlir 

as  one  of  my  srr- 

iis  to  he  forced  tii 

(jiiestioned  liim 

was  come  on  pnr- 

ows  to  take  111, 

11^'  a  hrave,  stout 

out   14  wounds, 

a  to  he  cured  o|' 

II  there]   he  liiul 

"  our  nation  iiri; 

Misiicd,  in  wliicli 
'  says  a  writir 
iiril  was  stained 
Iiidiun  has  hccii 

th  the  Indians  at 
ire  to  trade  with 
le  that  kept  the 

iipi"  <'<><l.  wliiiicvcr 
'ami  Ills  iidlii'rt'nN. 
iiiiiiy  ill  ilccj)  plots. 

51). 


fHAP.    II 


FIRST  SiriTI.EMKNT  AT  rLIMOl'TII. 


11 


kcNit  "Hill  tl"'  ['-"pl'ii")  liiin'*''"*  J^'"  <>"  '""""'I  V"ry  mm'  wounded,  and  they 
fall  cut  MlVhis  head  upon  the  cuildy  of  the  hoiu,  had  not  his  man  rescued  hitri 
^iili  a  swiiid,  and  so  they  >;ot  him  awa\."  .Svim/i/o  wiw  with  Cupt.  Dinner  ut 
giJH  time,  iw  will  Im'  Hftn  "iii  ihf  liH'  of  .ilimasoit. 

CIIAriKR  II. 

^rrirnl  mid   first   Procrnrinirs  of  tin    I'.nirlhh   irho  nrltlr  nt   Pllmnvlh — Tlnir  fir.H 
di.iionrij  iif  Itiiliiiiis— Tlnir  I'll s/  Imltl    irilli  </i<m— SV/mo.s//— S(/h((h<h— M  vssasoit 

—  hianoiiitli .Ifiiiiirt — Ciiiiiiiriiitinii — ('-.rNBlTANT — VVirn  w  wr.v — I'kksi ;ot — 

Ho'noMoK TiiliiiiiKiltniiion — UblnUinrwut — Manehashamim  —  Squaw- Sac lum  of 

MasisiichiiHctls — Htbcoirel. 

I\  lt!30  some  determined  wliit(5  people,  with  tfn;  most  astonishinif  tuid 
invincilile  tirniness,  undertook  'o  wander  MOOU  miles  trom  the  land  ot'  their 
birth,  and,  in  ilie  nio.si  ha/ardoiis  manner,  to  take  ii|)  a  permanent  aliode  upon 
tlie  holders  of  a  lioiindless  wilderness,— a  wilderness  as  •ireat,  or  far  ;:reater, 
for  aUL'lif  they  knew,  than  the  expanse  of  oeeiin  which  they  were  to  |»iwh. 
But  all  danL'ei><  and  ditliciilties,  there  to  he  eni-ountereil,  weijrlicd  notliint;  in 
comparison  svith  the  lilierty  of  conscience  which  tiiey  mijiht  enjoy  when 
oiici;  hcyond  tlie  control  of  their  hifoted  persecutors. 

These  sin^riilar  people  had  lihirtij  from  their  oppressor,  Jiiims  I.,  to  jro  and 
si'ltie  ill  this  wilderness,  and  to  possess  themselves  of  some  of  the  lands  of 
the  Indians,  pj()\  tiled  tiiey  paid  liiiii  *tr  somr  of  hin  frienl.s  toy  \\\i'\)i.  No  ono 
Bceiiis  then  to  have  ipieslioned  how  this  kin^  came  liy  the  rii;lit  and  title  to 
landM  here,  any  more  tiian  how  he  cnnie  by  his  crown.  They  were  less  scru- 
niiloiis,  perhaps,  in  this  matter,  as  the  kin<r  told  them,  in  a  charter'''  which 
lie  granted  them,  thonixli  lud  lilt  iijlir  lliirj  had  sidled  for  .\merica,  "riiAr  he 

'<:  HAU  BKK.N  (ilVKN  CKKTAIM.V  TO  K.NOWK,  THAT  WITni.N  THKSK  LATK  VKAKKS 
TIIKKK     HATH,    HV    (ioi)'s     ViSirATION,    KAKiNKH    A     «  O.MIKKH  1,1,     IM.AOl'K,    TO- 

/  OKTIlKIl  WITH  MANY  HOIlHIKI,K  SI.AIiiHTKRS  AM)  ML'RTHKRS,  COMMirTKD 
■•^    AMOl.NGST   THK    SVUAOKS    AND    lUlUTlSII    I'KOPLF.    THKKK     IIKKRTOKORK     I.NHAB- 

jl  ITIXl,  I.V  A  MA.V.NKR  TO  THK  I'TTKR  OKSTRUCTION,  DKVAS TACIO.N  A.N»  DKIMH'- 
UI,A(:iO.V  OK  THAT  WIIOI.K  rKRRITOHVE,  SO  THAT  THERE  IS  NOT  I.EKT,  !■  OR 
MANY  LEAGUES  TOOETIIER  IN  A  MANNER,  ANY  THAT  DOE  CI.AIME  OR  CHALLENGE 

;  ANY  Ki.NU  OK  INTERESTS  TiiEHEi.N." f  This  wiLs,  doiihtlcss,  as  Well  kllOWII,  if 
.  *  not  hetter,  to  the  PU^rima  (as  they  were  aptly  called)  as  to  Kin,Ji  Jitmes. 
'jf>  Atli'r  numerous  delays  and  disappointments,  the  I'ilfjrinis,  to  tht^  niimher  of 
;y  41,  with  their  wives,  {  chihlreii,  and  servants,  sailed  from  I'limouth,  in  iMi^jlaml, 
0  in  one  small  ship,  called  the  iMayllower,  on  Wednesday,  the  lith  of  Septemher. 
Their  passaj,'!'  w.ts  attended  with  j,'n'at  peril  ;  hut  they  satlly  arrived  at  ('ape 
(,'od,  !•  iNov.  tiillouin^r,  without  the  loss  of  any  of  their  iimnher.  They  iu)\v 
proceeded  to  nmke  the  necessary  discoveries  t»(  seat  tliemselves  on  the  iiarren 
coast.  One  of  the  tirat  thiiif^s  they  tiiiind  neeessury  to  do,  to  preserve-  order 
ainoiij,'  themsL'lvfis,  wits,  to  form  a  kind  of  constitution,  or  fjeiierd  outline  of 
pivirimient.  Ilavinu:  done  this,  it  was  si^rucd  hy  the  41,  two  days  alter  their 
arrival,  vi/.  II  Nov.  The  sjune  day,  15  or  Iti  of  their  mimher,  covired  with 
ariiKir,  proceeded  to  tin;  land,  and  commenced  <liscoveries.  The  Indians  did 
not  show  tliemselves  to  tl..>  English  until  tin;  Ifnli,  and  then  tlcy  would  have 
uotliinsf  t((  say  to  them.  About  5  or  (J  at  first  only  appeared,  who  fled  into  the 
woods  as  soon  as  they  had  discovered  themselves.  The  Englishmen  lollowed 
thi'iii  many  miles,  but  could  not  overtake  them. 

First  Ualtk  with  tin-  Indians. — This  was  upon  8  Dec.  1(120,  and  we  will 
give  the  account  of  it  in  the  language!  ot  one  that  was  an  actor  in  it.  "  Wo 
mill  ranging  up  and  down  till  Uic  sun  began  to  draw  low,  luid  then  we  hasted 


C:4 


*Tliis  charter  hears  ilule  3  Nov.  1C:!0.     Chalmers,  Polit.  Annals,  81. 
\  ll,i;tiid's    lli.st,    ColliM-tions,    I,    IO.J,   wlieie   the   enlire  charter   may   be  seen.     It 
aAcrwariU  calluil  Th  k  (Jrand  PuMoufU  I'ATliMT.     Ctialinert,  ib. 
\  Tbero  were,  in  ail,  liti  Icmales. 


19 


FIRST  HATTI.K  WITH  TIIR   INDIANS— SAMOSET.         [Hon«  n 


'  ln(1innH  !  Indiiin.i ! !  iiiiil   wiili, 
iiii-ii   rail  nut   with  all  s|H'i'i|t 


nut  of  tli«'  wikmIh  rliaf  we  mifflit  rcirni-  to  (tiir  Hliallnp.  Fly  thnt  time  v/i-  \\^ 
iliiiif,  ami  Diir  Hliall<i|i  roiii*>  tu  iin,  it  was  williiii  night  |7  l>i-<'.],  anil  wi>  Imiih,!; 
iiH  to  oiir  rt'Mt,  aUrr  wr  hail  nrt  oiir  watrli. 

"  Ahoiit  iniihii^hl  \vi-  hi-aril  a  gn-at  ami  hiilcoiiH  cry,  niiil  our  m>ntini'l  i-iil|i,; 
.hm  !  arm  I  So  wr  JM'stirrril  oiirsilvrs,  anil  .xliot  oil'  a  roii|iit'  of  nlllskl't^*,  an, 
|llir|  iioisi' iTaHi-ii.  Wr  ronrhiilnl  that  it  was  a  roriipany  uCwolvrs  ami  lii\i. 
lor  om>  [ol'oiir  roiii|iany|  tolil  iis  In-  hail  hriinl  sinli  a  iioisi-  in  iNrwtiiiimlliiii 
Ahoiit  .'»  o'rlork  in  thi"  iiiorniiiK  [H  Di-r.]  wr  hrj^an  to  he  stirrinj;.  r|iiiii 
siiilili-n  wr  hraiil  r.  jjri'at  ami  stranj^i*  rry,  whiih  we  kiirw  to  Im'  tlir  sm. 
voii-i'S,  thoii;;|i  thry  variril  thiir  notrs.  <  >nr  of  our  roiii|iaiiy,  liring  alirnn. 
riiiir  riiiiiiini;  in  ami  rrinl,  The}!  nrr  nun 
llii-ir  arrows  rami-  living  amongst  lis.     Our 

rnovrr  tlirir  arms.  'I'hr  rry  of  our  rnrinirs  was  liitaiirnl,  rs|irfially  wImi. 
our  mi'ii  ran  out  to  rrrovrr  ihrir  anus.  'I'lirir  notr  was  allrr  this  maninr 
Ifoarli  wiiiirh  hit  hii  lunh  wimrh.     Our  nu'ii  win-  no  soonrr  I'onii-  to  their  iirm. 

hut  tl nriiiy   was  rraily  to  assault  tlifiii.     Tlu'ri'  was  a  lusty  man,  aiiij  i< 

whit  Irss  \ahaiit,  who  was  thought  to  hi>  tlii'ir  ra|itaiii,  stoml  hrhiiiil  a  tn. 
within  half  a  miiski-t  shot  of  us,  ami  tlirrr  Irt  his  ariows  lly  at  us.  Ili-  stuo! 
tlirt'i*  shots  of  a  miiskt't.  At  li-ngth  oiii' of  us,  as  lir  saiil,  taking  full  aim  m 
him,  lir  gavi"  an  rvtraorilinary  fiy,  ami  away  thry  went  all." 

It  is  not  riTlain  that  any  liloiul  was  siinl  in  this  liattli* ;  hut  it  was  |ii'i'ttv 
strongly  |iri-simiril  that  tlir  hig  ni|itaiii  of  tlir  Imliaiis  was  woiimlril.  Tli> 
Imiians  having  ntrratril,  tlir  roiii|uiiors  wrrr  IcH  in  possi'ssion  of  tin'  hnllli- 
groiiml,  ami  thry  |)rori-i'ili-(l  to  gatiiir  togrthrr  tlii>  tro|iliii's  of  this  thiir  lir-' 
vii'tory.  'I'lii-y  pirkril  up  IH  arrows,  wliirh  thry  sent  to  tlirir  frirmls  in  Kmr. 
Inml  liy  the  ri-tiirn  of  tlii'  Maytlowcr.  Some  of  thrsc  vvvri"  curiously  "hcailnl 
with  hiass,  soini"  with  harts'  horn,  ami  otlicrs  with  eagles'  claws."  • 

It  a|ipeareil  af\erwarils  that  thi  i  attack  was  niaile  liy  the  Naiiset  ImliaiK 
whose  chief's  name  was  ^Ispinrt.  Whether  he  was  the  leader  in  this  tiglil,  i< 
not  known ;  hut  he  prolmhiy  was.  The  place  where  the  atliiir  happeneii  nml. 
called  hy  tlu;  Indians  JVamskckd  ;  but  tlic  Kiiglish  now  culled  it  The  fYr«l 
Unroimttr. 

The  I'-.M-WKNTH  OF  DKCKMHKR,  ever  tiieinorahie  in  the  history  <if 
New  Knghind,  was  now  come,  and  liiis  was  the  day  of  the  LANDINii  (II 
TIIK  lMli(ilMiMS.  A  place  u|ioii  the  inhospitaiiie  shore  had  heen  tixed  iipun. 
and  was  tliis  day  taken  possession  of,  and  never  again  deserted.  The  siii|i 
until  then  had  Ikm.'II  their  permanent  aliode,  which  now  they  gladly  e\c|iaii!;i'il 
for  the  sandy  shore  of  the  hay  of  Cape  (^od. 

Welcome,  Englishmen!  Welcome,  Knglishmen!  nro  words  so  inseparalily 
a.s.sociated  with  the  name  of  Sitniosrt,  that  we  can  never  hear  tlii^  one  w itliinit 
the  |)leasing  recollection  of  the  other.  These  were  the  first  accents  our  pilgiiin 
fiithers  heard,  on  the  .American  strand,  from  any  native.  We  mean  int)  lligilili- 
accents,  for  when  they  were  attacked  at  Namskekct,  on  their  first  arrival,  tlicy 
Imird  only  the  frightful  war-whoop. 

The  first  tiiiw  Indians  were  seen  hy  the  pilgrims,  wns  tipoii  15tli  Nov.  KM 
"They  espied  5  or  (>  people,  with  a  dog,  coming  towards  them,  who  wvn 
savages;  who,  when  they  saw  them,  ran  into  tin;  woods,  and  whistled  the  ildi' 
nilertlieiii."t  And  though  the  Knglish  ran  towards  them,  when  tlu;  Indiam 
pi'rceivcd  it  "they  ran  away  might  and  main,"  and  the  English  "could  not 
come  near  them."  Souii  ailer  this,  Morton  says  the  Indians  "got  nil  the 
powaws  in  the  country,  who,  for  three  days  together,  in  u  liorid  and  devilish 
mancr  did  curse  and  execrate  them  with  tiieir  cuiijurutiuns,  which  assenilily 


■M 


*  Mourt't  fMalinn,  ill  1  Muss.  Ifisl.  Col.  VIU,  218,  21<). 

ilii'ldtiiinorJoiirmilofal'IdntiiUditsettlfilal  Plijiiwulh,in  N.  /?.  iisimlly  cited  Moiirt'i 
Rf/atiiin.  Il  was,  iiii  doiilit,  vvrillcii  liv  sL'vcrnl  ol'  llie  rompaiiy.  or  \hc  writer  was  assisicil  hy 
scviTiii.  Mimrt  st!ems  to  have  bt't'ii  tfi«  [niMislK-r.  1  have  no  srru|)lc  hul  llial  the  suKS<'*lion 
of  Juilffc  Diiris  is  correct,  viz.  that  Richard  Ganlrn'r  was  iho  |iriiicl|)al  author.  Aliiml  ibc 
early  scttlcinciil  of  any  country,  llicro  never  was  a  more  important  liorunient.  Il  was  ))iiiileil 
ill  1()2'2,  ami  is  now  re|irinte(i  in  the  Miss,  llisl.  ('nl.,  and  we  hope  soon  lo  sec  il  printed  iiii 
volume  liy  ilselliii  a  style  worthy  ol  its  importance.  As  't  stands  in  the  llisl.  Collections,  il  is 
very  dinicuit  to  cousult,  a  part  of  it  being  coiiiaiued  iu  oue  volume,  and  (lie  remainder  in 
auoUicr. 


S*S 


lAMOHKT.         fHooKii 

Hy  I  lint  tiiiKt  wn  ||»| 
'  I ><•<•. |,  aiid  w«  lNtiii,ii 

mil  uiir  HciiiitH'l  cull,,, 
<iii|ilt'  of  iniiski'i--,  III,, 
y  oCwoivrH  aiiil  l(i\i. 
list"  ill  NfufDiiiKJIiiii, 
Im-  stiniiijf.     I'lMMi 

klirw  to  In'  the  Ml,,. 
iii|iaiiy,  liiiiij;  iiliniii,j 
Iniliiinn!!  iitul  wjii,, 
iiiit  Willi  (ill  s|M'i'i||, 
iilliil,  is|M'ciiilly  wlni. 
an  alliT  this  innniiir 
•r  ('(iiiic  to  ilicir  iiriii. 

a  liiHty  iiiaii,  and  „, 
,  stood  lii'liiiiii  a  (p., 
s  fly  at  iiH.  llcsiiHHJ 
li'l,  taking'  t'lill  aiuiiit 
ill." 

till' ;  lint  it  was  piim 
was  woiiikIimI.  Tli, 
ssi'ssioii  of  ilic  liaitji. 
Iiiis  of  this  tlirir  ti^ 

tlii'ir  friends  in  Kn,;. 
re  curiously  "lifudd 

claws,"  * 

tlic  Naiisct  liiilitiii', 
leader  ill  this  (i<;iit.  i^ 
'  atliiir  lia|i|ieiie(|  w^ 
V  called   it   The  First 

hie  ill  the  history  nf 
the  l,Ai\|)L\(; Of 

had  heeii  ti.xed  ii|iiin,   ' 
deserted.     The  sjiiji 
17  gladly  exchaiijriil 

ords  so  iiiw'pai-jilily 

lenr  the  one  witJMiiii 

accents  our  pilifiim 

'i'  iiieaii  intellijrihic 

ir  fu-st  arrival,  liny 

on  IStli  Nov.  Vm. 
s  tlieiM,  who  wen) 
ml  whistled  the  do;- 
,  when  the  lndiiiii!i 
liiglish  "could  nut 
liaiis  "got  all  the 
horid  and  devilisli 
IS,  which  osseiiililv 


usually  riled  Mnnri'i 
writer  was  nssislcd  hv 
l>iil  dial  die  .suj;i,f('siion 
)id  audior.  AImhiI  ihe 
iiiiciil.  It  was  iiiiiiii'd 
II  l<)  sue  it  prinli'ii  in  > 
llisl.  (N)lleclioris,  il  ij 
and  (be  reuiuiiider  in 


Pmiv   II  I 


Tim  iM.Ani ;f..-ni:w  iNTr.iivtr.w. 


18 


n,\  M  i\ic»'  they  held  in  a  ilnrk  mid  disiiiiil  swamp.     UelioM  ln»w  ^^ataii  lalM)r 
I,.  j.iiMl.T  III."'  L'.Hp.  I  iVom  iviiiiiniz  ii.lo  .\,  w  r.Mnliiii  I!" 
I,  Nvis  .III  I'ri.lay,   itiili   Mmvli,   MM.  iliiil   .Sp/iiw/  Middeiily  nppiared  nl 
>liiMn.ilh,aiid,  ^av.s  MoiTl,  "He  MTV    l..ildl\    caii.e  (ill  ainiie,  iii.il   almii:  the 

Lll-  ^    mniit  lolh'e  nilili/VOMS  wlielT  we  int'ivepl-d    IllMI.  tiol    .-llllriiii;/    hilii 

b  u'l.  in  as  nndi.iil.i.dlv  In'  w-'iil.l,  out  of  lii.<  Ih.I.IihhV  11-  win  naked,  "unly 
i  l.uih' r  alH.nt  lii-<  \\n\*U  "ill'  "  •''"'-"'  "'"""  "  ^1"'"  '""f^-"  ''"'"'  "'•"!"  ''  "•■"' 
•cr\  .mIiI.  and  tlii-  aiillioi  imI.Is,  "  We  c.-i  t  a  iiuivmiiiii's  c.ml  aliuiit  him."  'I'o 
^•\v,•l^(l  llii'iii  •""'I'  their  lii..|>italii.\ ,  .S'»/;r<.s(/  i'.i\c  tlieiii  \\lialev«r  mloniuiliuii 
the\  ili>ired.  "  lie  iiid,  say  lln  >'.  Iiarmd  seme  lin.kt  11  llii^li-li  a'lioiig-l  lh< 
Iji'di-lmnii  thai  came  to  I'isli  al  Mnnhi','Lr"M,  tiinl  knew  l»\  name  the  must  ot 
tl'ie"iapiMin.scommaii.l<rs,  and  m:i>li  rs,  lliMl  iiMially  come  [lliei<|.  Ilewnsu 
ninii  tree  ill  speich,  Ml  liir  as  he  toiilil  e\pr  ss  his  iiiiiid,  and  of  seemly  car- 

rint'e.     We  fiin^ti d  him  <d"  mai:>  lliiiii's  :  he  wa-i  the  lirst  ravap'  we  could 

irieei'wiihal.  He  siiiil  In'  was  no!  id"  liiiiM-  pari',  Imt  of  Morali',";i.ii,  aiid  one 
of  liie  sairamores  or  lords  thereof:  had  liren  h  munilis  in  ilir .  •  parls,  ii  Iviiiu 
heiiie  |to  the  easfward)  a  da,\V  sail  willi  a  ;rri  at  wind,  and  live  days  h.\  land. 
He  ili  .comsid  ot"  the  whole  country,  and  of  every  province,  and  of  their  sag- 

ai (s,  and  ilnir  nmnlier  of  nien.'and  sln.iirlh."     "lie  had  a  Imw   and  two 

arniu-i,  the  mie   lieadnl,  and   lli'  oilier  iiiiIm  mini.      I  h'  was  a  tall,  strait   niaii ; 

the  Imir  of  his  head  lil.ick,  ImiL'  lieliind.  only  slarl  \i  U'Vr  ;  m on  iii-i  face  at 

all.  lie  asked  .some  heer,  hill  we  y:ave  him  slrniii:  >valer,  niid  Idscnii,  and 
biiilir.  and  cheese,  and  piiddin;:.  and  a  piece  of  a  mall  nd  ;  all  w  hiili  he  liked 
well."  "He  told  IIS  the  place  where  we  now  live  is  called  I'aliix't,  and  that 
nliiiiit  I  years  iil'o  all  the  inhaliitanis  died  of  an  cMraor.linar.v  plaj:iie.  and  then; 
is  neiile'V  man,  woman,  nor  iliild  remainiii!/,  as  indeid  we  have  fnimd  none; 
Kii  lis  there  is  none  in  hinder  our  posst  ssum,  or  hy  cliim  iinio  it.  All  the 
nliiinoon  we  spent  in  commmiiiiitioii  with  him.  W'e  wmild  f.'lailly  1m  1  11  rid 
of  him  al  niglil,  luit  he  was  not  willing  to  ;;<•  lliis  ni;;lil.  Tie  11  w.-  lliou^'hl  to 
cany  him  on  sliip-hoard,  wherewith  he  was  well  i-oni,nl,  imd  went  into  the 
fdialiop:  lint  the  wind  wa.-i  hiirli  and  w;iler  scant,  that  it  could  not  return  hack. 
We  ludi/rd  [with  lii:ii{  that  nitdit  at  Sli/iliiii  lln/ildits'  house,  and  vatchcd 
him." 

Tims,  lliriimrh  llie  im  .ms  of  this  innocent  Indian,  was  a  correspoiidencp 
happily  hen'nii.  He  li  Ii  I'limoiiih  the  le'M  nioriiiiit;  to  ri  turn  In  .t/a,swwoi7. 
wlm,  il' said,  was  a  sachem  haviiiir  under  iiiiiHiO  men.  The  l'!ii;;lisli  liasin^ 
|.  11  Mijiii'  tools  evposed  ill  the  woods,  on  tiiidiiig  tli.it  they  were  inis.<inL',  rightly 
jihIl'  d  the  Indian;-;  had  t;ikin  tl.em.  Tin  y  compl.iiu  il  of  this  to  .SV(,(ia<(// in 
raili  r  a  llireat,  ninir  iiii".  "We  willed  him  (say  liny)  that  liny  sliniild  he 
hninvlit  airMin.  oilierwise  we  wmild  ri'jlit  oiirsi  Ives."  \\  In  n  he  h  |i  iliem  *•  h(< 
pnniiis  il  w ilhiii  a  night  or  iwo  lo  come  again,"  and  laiiig  some  of  .Missiisi/ifi 
11)1 11  to  trade  with  them  in  heaver  skins.  As  good  as  his  word,  Sunio.s-il  caiiu; 
llir  iicM  .-Sunday,  "and  hroiight  with  him  r»  other  tall,  proper  men.  They  h.iil 
(MIT  man  a  i!>'iiV  sicin  on  him;  and  the  princijial  ot' tliem  had  a  w  ild  eat'^ 
skill,  er  such  like.  (Ill  oiie  ami.  They  had  most  of  tin  in  ImiL'  hosi'n  up  to  theit 
groins,  eliise  mad";  ami  almiie  tin  ir  groins,  to  tlair  waist,  another  leaiher 
they  wire  altoL'ilhi'r  like  tli"  Iri-!i  troiisi-rs.  The}'  ari'  of  compli\ion  liki'  oiii 
IliiitUsh  gipsies;  no  hair,  or  very  liille,  on  their  faces;  on  tie  ir  heads  lonir  hail 
to  till  il    siionld.'is,  only  cut  hiditre;  some  trussed   up  helore  with  a   lialher 


liriia  Iwise   lik 


an 


oti 


aiiotle  r  a 


fo.\-Iail    haiiiriiig  oiit."     The    Miurlish    had 


elm  (1  Sdinosrl  not  to  let  any  who  came  with  him  hring  their  arms ;  tlies(' 
thrr.  r.',  |i  li  "their  hows  and  arrows  a  (|uaiti  r  ol'  a  mile  (Vom  onr  town. 
We  <.':,\e  them  eiit.rtiiiimeiit  as  we  tiioiiLfht  was  titling  them.  They  did  eal 
In  rally   id' our  Knglish   victuals,"  and  a|»peared   very  friendly;    "sang  and 


(laiiceii 


tier  llieir  manner,  like  aiitii 


ticks 


"Some  of  them  had  their  li 


piiiiit,  il  lila(d<,  from  tli"  t'onhead  lo  the  chin,  limr  or  five  lingers  liroad  ;  others 


ai'iiT  oilier  ihs'iions,  as  till  V  like 


Thev   liidiiiiht  three  or  four  skin  ,  hut  we 


wiiiild  not  truck  with  them  all  that  day,  hut  wished  tiiem  to  hring  more,  and 
we  viHild  truck  for  all ;  which  they  promised  within  a  night  or  two,  and 
weiilil  leave  these  h(diind  them,  though  we  were  not  wiiliiiir  thev  should  ;  anil 


tl 


K'V  IrouL'ht  all  our  toids  again,  whirji   wore  taken    in  the   woods,  in   < 


nir 


ulw(  iicc.    So,  because  of  the  day  [Sunday],  we  distnissed  them  so  sooi;  us  wo 


14 


CAPT.   IIU^T.— lYANOUGII  OF    CUMMAQUID. 


[HoOKl 


could.     Hut  Snmmtcf,  our  first  iirqiiaiiitnnro,  oitlior  was  /i<'k,  or  f'cifjiicd  liiiiisflf 
8o,  iiiul  woii'.d  not  <'i)  with  tln'ni,  and  stavi'd  witli  us  till  Wriliiisdav  iiioi 


Tl 


icri  uc 


lit   hiiii  to  llii'Mi,  to  know  ilic  reason  tlicv  fan 


w  not  accordii 


'III'.'. 

i-r  ii 


tli«'ir  vords  ;  and  wr  fravi'  liiiii  a  liat,  a  pair  of  stockings  and  siiois,  a  shirt,  ,i,, 
a  piece  oi'clolli  to  tic  alioiit  liis  waist." 

Siimoscl  ii'tiirncd  airaiii,  the  next  day,  lirinfr'n<j  with  liiin  Siiuanlo,  inentidii'il 
i[i  the  last  chapter,  lie  was  "the  only  native  (says  Moiut's  UKi.A'rioN)  (,| 
l*alii\et,  wlier.'  wc  now  inhaliit,  who  was  one  of  the  '-iO  [or  2\]  caplives,  il,;,- 
i»v  lliml  were  carried  awav,  and  iiad  heeii  in  llni'land,  and  dwelt  in  Gondii 


I'itli   master  Jaliii  Sluinr,  a  inerch 


and  CO 


iild 


little   l",n!rlisli,  w] 


tlirce  others."  'I'licy  hroii^dit  a  few  articles  li>r  trade,  i)iit  the  more  iiii|itiii;ii; 
news  "that  their  ^n-eat  sa-rainore,  .Massasoyt,  was  hard  liy,"  whose  intnuhh. 
tion  to  them  accordingly  liillomd. 

In  .lime,  ItJ'JI,  a  hoy,  JdIi.i  l{llli)i<xlon,  lia\  iiig  heen  lost  in  the  woods,  sevii-;, 
I'Jiiilish,  with  SiiKDilt)  and  7V^v/;/i,r'u/»(o;i,  mid'rtook  a  \oyage  to  Maiisiiii; 
search  |iir  him.  .SV/i'«/(/()  w;is  their  interpreter;  "tiie  other,  Tnh'dimtJutmdn.x 
special  ii'iend."  The  weather  was  liiir  when  they  set  <:iit,  "hut  ere  they  liinl 
been  lon<i  at  sea,  there  arosi;  a  storm  of  wind  and  rain,  with  miiidi   linhtnin; 


and  thunder,  iiiM)miieh  that  a  [water]  spout  arose  not  lar  from  them.  Iluw. 
'.'v<r,  they  escajied  danirer,  and  arrived  at  night  at  ('iimma(|iiid.  lien  tlm 
!iiet  with  some  Indians,  \\  ho  int'ormed  them  that  fiie  hoy  was  at  iN'ai.si;. 
Tlii'se  Indians  treated  the.'ii  with  great  kindness,  inviting  them  on  shore  to  lai 
with  them. 

li/iiiioii!!;li  wassaclieni  of  this  |)lace,  and  these  were  his  men.     "They  hrniifrlit  . 

us  to  their  sachim  (sa\s  .Moiiii)  or  governor,  whom  they  ceil  /i/f/zux/g/i,"  wIki  7 

then  ajipeared  ahoiit  'it!  yenrs  of  age,  "hut  \ery  |>i'rsoiialile,  gentle,  courteous 
niid  tiiir-con(liti(^iied,  indeed,  not  like  a  savage,  save  *(ir  his  atlire.  His  eiilir- 
taiiimeiit  was  answerjihle  to  his  parts,  and  his  clieei  |ilentilid  and  various,'' 
Thus  is  portrayed  the  amiahle  character,  Ij/anouir/i,  hy  those;   who   knt  w    liim,  >. 

We  can  add  hut  little  of  him  except  his  wretched  fate.  The  severity  exrciiKd  ~A 
ii|ion    H'!tluintiiu1  .and   I'c/t.iiiot  caused  such  consternation  and  <lri'ad  of  tin!  | 

I'lngli-ih  among  many,  that  they   llirsook   their  wontel   hahitations,  lied  inin  IJ 

swa.i  ps,  and  lived  in  unhealthy  plaei's,  in  a  state  of  starvation,  until  many  diril  ^ 
with  diseases  which  they  had  thus  contracted.  Among  such  victims  vvn-'  % 
IifittU)iis;li,  .Ispliut,  CoiHCdnrim,  i\in\  many  more.     Hence  lla    lluglish  siipiiosul  j 

tliey  were  in   AA'.VHo/'a  conspiracy,  ;is  will  he  more  particularly  relateil  Imr'.  f 

alh'r. 

While  tlie  I'.iigllsli  were  with  fifft)ioii<r/i,  at  ( "umma(]iiid,  they  relate  tliiit 
there  was  an  oM  wimi.-m,  whom  they  judged  to  he  no  less  than  lUO  years  oh!, 
who  came  to  sec  thi'iii,  h( cans  •  she  had  never  s;'en  lliiglish;  "yet  (say  tiny) 
{she]  could  not  heliold  us  without  hreaking  liirUi  into  ^n  at  passion,  wci  piiiir 
and  cryin<r  e.\ccssiv<'ly."  They  in»|uir  mI  the  reason  of  it,  and  wi-re  told  liiat 
she  h'  !  thr 'I'  sons,  "  who,  when  mastei  Ifinil  was  in  tliise  parts,  went  ahotinl 
Ifis  s!ii];  to  trade  with  him,  and  he  cari'ii'd  tliem  captivis  into  Sjiaiii."  SijiKinl') 
being  i'reseii!,  who  was  earri'd  away  at  the  same  lime,  was  acquainted  vviili 
tli(>  eircimislaiKas,  ami  thus  the  i'.ngiish  hecame  knowing  to  her  distress,  jiiid 
told  her  they  wer«'  sorry,  that  //'(»./  was  a  had  man,  iait  that  all  the  other  I'.iii'- 
Msh  wf-re  well  disposed,  and  would  iK  ver  injure  her.  They  then  gave  la r a 
fi'w  trinke!s,  which  considi  rahly  ajipeased  her. 


ofl, 


Our  voyagi  rs  now  proceed  to  .Naiisi't.  accompanied  Ity  hjiwoutxh  and  two 


is  men.     .I'^putd  was  the  sacliem  of  this  place,  to  whom  Sijuanlo  was  Jiiit, 


Iil'inrni<!;h  and  his  men  having  gone  hefiire,     Sijuniito  having  iii(;)rined  .Isimul 
that  his  I'nglish  friends  had  come  fir  the  loy,  he  "came  (they  relate)  with  a         '4 
j^reat  train,  and  hroiight  the  hoy  v,  ith   him,''  one  carrying  him  through  this 
water.     Tlii^  heing  .at  or  le  ar  the   jilaee   wliere  an  attack 


■was  made  on  tli 


I- 


nalisii,  on  their  (ir.<t  arrival  in  the  coimtrv,  as  has  liei  n  related,  caused  ll 


ICIll 


to  he  oil  their  guard  at  this  time. 

At  t'lis  time,  ./.s'/ziar/  had  in  his  ('(unpany  "not  le.-slhan  an  hniidred  ;"  |i;ilf 
of  whom  attended  thi'  iioy  to  the  hoat,  and  the  rest  "stoo<l  .aloot',"  with  their 
Iiovvs  and  firrows,  looking  on.  .Ispiiul  delivi  r d  up  the  hoy  in  a  I'ormal  iiiaa- 
Iier,  "helimig  with  heads,  and  made  piace  with  us  ;  we  Im  stow  iiig  a  knif"  an 
liini,  and  likowisu  on  aiiotliLT,  iiiul  lii'iit  ciitc'tuiiied  the  boy,  and  brought  liiiti 
tliitlior." 


Chap.  H  ]| 

/■/.'/.l-e 
fl'elit    lioli 
J''ri'i:l  eni( 
|«)iii-l!  a'l 
tild  ill  '  III 
let,  nliii 
good,  y  et 
the  wiiliiel 
men   al^o  I 
brae  let  til 
Th.v  vvl 
winds  anil 
BJiore  alie 
to  hislovvip 
done  hrfoj 
lK)nie  in  s| 

Whil 
carried  olil 
Jlllirtoii  ai 
Ahoiit  t 
testeil,  hy 
Jiimi  \  as 
other  saeli 
.        J{y  the 
\  tioii  of  A 
C)l"starvat, 
very  liide 
C0)ise(|Ui  II 
,        As  the 
I   to  go  on  a 
whatevt  r 
expedition 
death  staia 
"Hut  he 
make  a  se( 
otherwise 
there  di  'd, 
iuast(>r's  s 
not  lit  to 
according 
Iiurians  n 
him,  that 
Hundiy  ot 
have  a  gn 
Thus  (I 
)iim  the  1 
folly  and 
dea'l  of  tr 
Thus,  i 
dealii,   ail 

nioick  an 
tliat  won 
remark,  t 
strangers 
other  vie 
"  f^  hoiisli 
i'roin 

*  ll  VVil'i 
J)(I>w  /(/    lit: 

litioiu  lie 


QUID. 


[Hook  II 


'k,  or  flifjiifd  liiiiisfif 
Wfdiicsdiiy  iiMiriiii,.,, 
MIC  iKir  iicconliiur  ri 
111(1  wliocs,  a  siiin, iii,, 

11  S<iua}ili),  iiicntidii',! 
hkt's  Ui-.i.atkin)  ,,| 
[or  2\]  c-ijiiivrs,  i|„.. 
111(1  dwelt  ill  Tori, III, 
■X  little  Knii-risii,  w,:i, 
t  tlic  iiiorc  iiii|i(in,ii,: 
ly,"  \vli()fi('  iiitnidiii. 

ill  the  wddds,  sever;. 
V(i_V!i;re  to  Xfiiisel  ill 
ler,  Tc/i'timnlKfindu.  a 
it,  "  iiiit  ere  they  liml 
vitli  iiiiieh  lii;linilit; 
I'roiii  tlieiii."  Ildu". 
iii:i(|iiid.  lien  rill, ■ 
Ixiy  was  at  iN'ai.sii. 
them  on  shore  to  uu 

en.     "'rii(>y  I)roii<r|it 

Ci'll     ll/aUOUirll,'"'  Ujji) 

li  ,  ^'eiitle,  eoiirlcdii^ 
s  attire.  His  ciiiir- 
iitilid  and  various.'' 

ISC    Wlio    kiK  W    liiiii. 

lie  severity  e.\(  (mi|i,| 
II  •'ind  divad  oi'  tl;.' 
ahitalidiis,  lied  inNi 
oil,  until  many  dii,! 
sneli  vietims  \vn\' 
(  l''.!i<:!ish  sii|i|)(is(rl 
ilariy  related  Ihtc 

id,  they   relate  iliat 

than  100  years  (ill!, 

■Ii;  "yet  (say  ilnyi 

t  Jiassioii,  \vee|iii'i:; 

lid  wen-  told  iliiit 

"arts,  went  aliojinl 

>  Spain."    Si/iKiiih 

s  ac(|iiaintc(l  wiili 

I  iier  distress,  .•iiid 

all  the  other  l]w:. 

■y  then  f^ave  litra 

'jinmniixli  and  two 
Sl'/iKinlo  was  ,i'iif, 
inllirmed  .h/iinit 
hey  relate)  \\  iih  n 
him  tliroii>i:h  tlm 
was  made  mi  tin: 
ted,  caused  tliem 

1  hmidivd;"  li.-ilf 
|""K''  uiili  iliiir 
ill  a  rormal  iiwiii- 
<''i\  iiiU  a  kiiif"  fin 
ikI  brouijilt  liiiti 


AT. 


]        lYANOUnil.— \SPINF,T.-DKATII  OF  StlUANTO. 


15 


1 


4 

i 


i 


luanovrh  did  not  m-c.)m;.anv  the  evi.editioii  in  their  r,  turn  In.m  Nausct,  !)iit 
eiit  home  l«v  land,  and  was  ready  to  ent.  rtaiii  tiie  eunij.any  on  their  renirii. 
rom  eontrirv  winds  and  a  want  of  iVesh  water,  the  voyajjers  w.;re  <.lm.!;-.  d  to 
••loueh  a-dn  at  <'m.im:i(|iiid.  "Then-  (say  lli'V)  we  m  t  a.irain  Willi  ljinn,nr,;l, 
«ad  di  •'most  of  his  luwii."  "He,  iiein.ir  sliil  wiilin-  to  •rralily  ns,  took  a  rund- 
"•Jct  and  I  (lorn-  men  in  the  dark  a  ;jTeat  way  for  w.iirr,  hut  eoiild  lind  iioiio 
|r<M.d  vet  liroiiudit  sneh  -^  liieiv  was  on  his  n  -ek  wil!i  them.  In  the  m  ■aiiiiint! 
the  worn.  M  joined  hand  in  h;ind,  sinunmr  and  daiicin.','  ImIoh-  tlie  shallop;'  tho 
men  mImi  >i'iowiiiir  all  the  kindness  they  conld,  l;iitni,U'^h  himsill  takiiif,'  a 
brae  lei  linin  alioiii  his  n.rk,  and  haii-inir  it  alioul  one  of  ns."       _ 

'I'll,  v  were  not  alili- to  ^"t  ont  of  the  harlior  of  ( 'imima(|iii(l  Irom  hallliii!,' 
winds  and  tides,  which  liimicudi  seeliiLMiie  next  meriiinj:  lie  ran  aloiiii'  llio 
shoiv  after  them,  and  ih'ev  took  him  into  their  shallop,  and  returned  wiili  hiiii 

tohistown.  where  I ntertained  tiiem  in  a  miiinernoi  inf 'Hor  to  what  he  had 

done  h.fire.    .'J'hey  now  snccceded  in  p-ttiiifi  water,  and  sliorlly  aller  retmnetl 

home  in  safety.  .    ,     ,   , 

AVhile  at  Naiiset,  t'  I'aiirlisli  heard  that  Mnssfisoil  had  lieen  attacked  and 
carried  (ilf  hy  the  .Narrauanscts,  w  liieli  led  to  the  e\pedilion  of  .S7f/;i;/iA7(,  and 
Mnioii  ai.'-,iinst  CaunhUnnt,  as  will  lie  found  r  lated  in  his  life. 

Ahoiit  this  time,  six  f-achems  of  the  neiirliliorinfr  country  had  their  fidelity 
tested,  hv  heiiiir  called  upon  to  sii-n  a  tr -aty  suhjectiiiir  themshis  to  Kinji 
Jaiw.u  as  will  he  luimd,  also,  in  that  lite.  JJut  to  return  again  to  .Isjiind,  and 
other  s.ichems  of  Cape  ('od. 

\i\  the  Miipro\i(''nce  of  a  company  settled  at  VV'essa<;ilscns,  under  tiie  direc- 
tion'of  A  "ViotiKta  Ifmloii,  in  U\ii,  tliey  had  been  hroiijflit  to  th"  very  iniiik 
ol'starvat.  in  the  winter  of  that  year,  "in  fact,  the  I'limonlh  people  were  lint 
very  little  iK'tter  otl";  and  lint  for  the  kindness  «d'  the  Indians,  the  v orst  of 
Consei|nt  iices  niiglit  have  en;  iied  to  lioth  these  intimt  colonies. 

As  the  winter  progresx  d,  the  two  ccionies  entered  iiii./  articles  of  nfrreement 
to  go '111  a  trading  voyage  among  th-'  Indians  of  C^ape  ("od  to  hiiy  corn,  and 
■whateMr  else  might'condnce  to  their  livelihood.  Simtnti)  was  pilot  in  tiiin 
o.\|>edition  ;  iiiit  he  died  heforc  it  was  accompli.siied,  and  the  record  of  liis 
death  stands  thus  in  Wivsi.ow's  Uf.i.ation  : — 

"  IJiit  here  [at  Alanamov  k,  since  ("haiham],  (hoiiiih  ihey  lind  determined  to 
make  a  second  e>s;iy  |t<t  pass  within  the  shoals  of  ( "ape  (,'od] ;  yetCiodlud 
otiierwisi'  disposed,  wlio  struck  TiHiiu'vilum  with  sickness,  insomiieh  as  lio 
th(  re  di  ■(!,  uhieh  cross'd  their  sontiiwani  trading,  and  the  more,  liecanse  ilio 
master's  snificieiicy  was  much  douhted,  and  the  season  very  tempestuous,  and 
not  tit  to  go  upon  discovery,  having  no  gtiidi!  to  direct  them."  His  disorder, 
according  to  Prinrr,  was  a  fever,  "lileediiig  iinndi  at  tin;  nose,  which  the 
Indians  reckon  a  tiitiil  symptom."  He  desired  the  governor  would  |»ray  for 
liiiii,  that  !ie  might  go  to  the  iMiglishmen's  (io.l,  "l»e(|ueathiMg  his  things  to 
Rindrv  of  his  laigli.>h  friends,  as  rememltrances  of  liis  love;  of  whom  wo 
have  a  great  loss." 

Thus  died  the  famous  .VYi/ffo/o,  or  Tasquanlum,  in  Decemher,  Iti'i'i.  To 
]iiiii  the  pilgrims  wcri!  greatly  indelited,  allliongh  he  olleii,  through  extremo 
fully  and  shortsightedness,  gave  tliem,  as  well  ns  himself  and  others,  a  great 
deal  of  trouble,  as  in  the  life  of  Missit.soit  and  Iliilmmuk  will  ajipear. 

Thus,  at  the  commencement  of  the  voyage,  tlie  pilot  was  taken  away  hy 
death,  and  the  exiiedition  came  near  lieing  aliandoned.  However,  lieforo 
tSiwinIo  died,  h(!  succeeded  in  introducing  his  friends  to  the  sachem  of  iMaiiu- 
nioiek  and  his  people,  where  they  were  received  and  entertained  in  a  manner 
that  would  do  honor  to  any  peojile  in  any  age.  It  is  the  more  woriliy  of 
nniiiik,  ;is  iioik!  of  the  I'liglish  h.id  ever  been  there  before,  and  wei-e  utter 
strangers  to  them.  Alier  they  bad  refreshed  them  "with  stm*.'  of  \eiiison  and 
other  victuals,  wbicii  thej  iiiongbt  them  in  great  abundance,"  they  sold  them 
"H  lioiisliva  !s  of  rum  (inil  Imtiis,  llniitixli  Uh    mopU'  it'crr  lint  few" 

I'rom  iManamoiek  they  jiroceeded   to   i\Jassachusi  Its,  but  could  do  nothing 


*  It  nils  n  riislnm  willi  most  Iiiiiiiiii  nnlioiis  to  diinoc  whoii  slraiijjcrs  cniiio  niiioiig  I'lein. 
Barmi  l.nho/it.tu  says  ii  was  llic  manner  nt'  the  lr(i(|ii()is  lo  dance  "  /(irsii>if  /c.v  >  inmsfri 
jMssciit  ildtis  h'ltr  /Kilv,  (111  qw  li'ins  riini'iiiit;  riiritii'iU  lUa  ainbansaUcurs  pour  faire  dcs  propo- 
*ilioiu  lie  faix.'—M'jiiicires  de  L' Amciiquc .  ii.  110. 


to 


SQUANTO. 


[Book  II. 


Weston 


¥ 


W^'''-'i. 


went  til  the  sai'lii'iii,  tt'lliiiir  liiiii  wliat  iiail  lin|i|H'ii('(l,  aiul  n'i|iiii°iii^'  lln'  sii< 
ajraiii,  or  tlic  iiarly  tliat  stolf  tlinn,"  ^'or  ihc  he  iroiild  n venire  il  vii  Hum  iijun 
his  (lijiifiiiire,''^  and  so  departed  lor  tiie  Jiiulit,  ^' refu.si ns:  tvlidtsoever  Init'liuna I'ikj 
offered."  However,  the  next  inorHiiiir,  .Ispiiut,  attended  liy  iniiny  ol"  liis  inui, 
wont  to  tln^  I'^nulisli,  "in  a  stately  manner,"  and  restored  all  tiie  "trilles:"  ilir 
th(!  ('.\|Misin<r  of  w  liiili  the  Enjjiisli  deserved  ten  limes  as  miieli  rei>relieii>ii;ii 
OS  tlie  man  lor  takim;  tliem. 

Siiiiitiitit  l)('iii!>'  the  only  |tei>on  that  eseaped  the  <rreat  siekness  at  J'atiiMt, 
iiii|nirei's  tt)r  ini  aeeoimt  ot"  that  ealamity  \\ill  very  reasonaiily  e\|)eet  to  llnil  it 
in  a  history  ol"  his  life.  We  therelorc  will  relate  all  that  is  known  ol"  il,  ii  it 
(elsewhere  to  he  noticed  ii;  our  |iroirres:!.  'J'lie  extent  of  its  ruvnffes,  us  ne-inb 
wc  can  jndire,  was  from  ,\arrauansef  Hay  to  Kiimeiu.'ek,  or  perhups  P(  imh. 
scot,  and  was  supposed  to  have  eomnieneed  ahout  I(il7,  and  the  leiiijfth  oi'  ii.- 
duration  seems  to  have  heen  hetween  two  and  three  years,  as  it  was  nearl) 
abated  in  Hillt.  The  Indians  jjave  a  frijrhtlul  accouni  of  it,  sayinur  that  liny 
died  so  liist  "that  the  livinir  were  not  ahle  to  hiiry  the  dead."  W'h  u  the  Kwj- 
lish  arrived  in  the  eoimlry,  their  hones  were  thick  upon  th<'  uround  in  many 
j)laces.  'J'his  they  looked  ujion  as  a  jrreat  providence,  inasnnich  as  il  liiul 
destroyed  "  multitudes  of  the  barbarous  hoathen  to  niakc!  way  for  the  elicwcu 
pco])lc  of  Uod." 

"Some  lind  oxpirrd  in  fi^^iit, — tlio  hraiids 
Willi  rusted  ill  llicir  huuy  liaiids. — 

III  plajfiic  and  I'ainiiiu  soiiu>." — Camimikll. 

All  wars  and  disasters,  in  those  days,  were  thousiht  to  be  preceded  by  soiiio 
ntian^i'  natural  appearance,  or,  as  appeared  to  them,  unnatural  a|ipearaiici'  or 
phenomenon  ;  hence  the  appearance  of  u  comet,  in  KJIf^,  was  considered  iiy 
some  the  precursor  of  this  pestilence.* 

We  will  jrive  here,  from  a  curious  work,  f  in  tli(!  lanjrnnse  of  the  aiithnr,  nii 
interestimr  passaire,  relatinir  to  this  melanclioly  period  of  the  history  of  tlic 
])eoi»le  of  M(i.tS(t.i(>iL  in  which  he  refers  to  .SV/i/(f/i/o.  AHer  relatinii  the  liiic  nj' 
II  I''rencli  ship's  crew  amouir  the  Wampanoairs,  as  cMracted  in  the  lile  of  J/(/.s- 
sasdlt,  in  i  ontiuualioii  of  the  account,  he  proceeds  thus  :  "Hut  contrary  wise, 
[the?  Indians  bavin;.'  said  "they  were  so  many  that  (Jod  could  tiot  kill  tlieiii.' 
when  one  of  the  Krenclu'ien  relinked  them  li>r  their  "wickedness,"  telliiii.' 
ihem  <Jod  would  destroy  iheni,]  in  short  lime  afler,  the  hand  of  (iod  ll'll 
lieavily  upon  iheni,  with  such  a  mortall  stroake,  that  they  died  on  heaps,  iis 
they  lay  in  their  houses,  and  the  living',  iliat  were  able  to  shift  for  themsclvis, 
would  ruiuie  iiwav  and  let  them  dv,  and  li't  their  cnrkases  Iv  nhovc;  the  uroiiiul 


*  Till'  Nfiir  l(il!!  scH'iiis  to  have  Ih'cii  v»'i'y  rniill'iil  in  ctiiiiols,  '■  as  llii'rciii  no  l(-ss  llinii  lii'ir 
wen;  oh^crvcd."  /.  Miillirr's  Di.icditise  eniietniiin;  Ctiiii-ls,  Idt.  I'oslon,  12iiio.  Idl!.). 
'J'luTo  iiKiy  lie  Koeii  a  curious  passage  concorninjj  llic  nmu'l  of  h!ll!  in  lluslneoi-tli's  JlUi, 
Col.  of  that  year. 

tNcw  Jinglisli  Caiiain,  i;3,  by  Tlianas  Morton,  "llo.  Amsturdfiiii,  1G37. 


% 


witlKT't) 

one  l''lt  I 
|abl<'  to 
upon, 
niaile  si| 
ill  llial 

Sir  /'I 
of  N'-w 
sent  oyi'i 
one  yiiiM 
mill  I"'  '1 
biisin  •>' 
eeik  by 
I  com  • 
eliniilil  n| 
there  ibif 
W.irf   iia| 
Biich   m 
OlHicled 
inhaliit;'.! 
cabins  w 
(Ji.d  for 
there." 
taut  liu'l- 
1  mean  1 1 
coniimni 
above, 
prolil,"  N 
In  ("a| 
passu':; '  a 
Mirt'ni. 
tb  'y  kept 
tlii'irkiiiii 
it  that  till 
lie  d  •mail 
had  so  m 
kinir  that 
olV  all  of 
by  th  ir  ' 
they  ^f:iv. 
tbi'liia'/'i 
b'^'s  lo  b 
We  h: 
history. 

i\l  \ss\ 
or  I'awk 
tol,  libo: 
was,  as  111 
repeat 'd 
Tliisc 
m''  piin,  i 
(i!iii,  v^:  c 
wliii'b  u 


,  w 


iTclin-c  llicy  n  tl;ni,,j 
lit  used  ill"  ■.■n\.  11,,^ 
roi'ii  iiiiii  lirjiiis:  ;.i„^ 
N'rIaiiiiDciii  {111(1  (,,|.;. 
im.'i^'rd  llH'ir|iiv  I,  ' 
I'V  made  a  Mai  k  'i 
and  scd,v;(',  ,  /,v  ,„  • 
U-nviiiir  il,  iiiiljl  ',1 
•nicd  uiili.  Ail  li  , 
lid,  "rccci\iiinr  J,-,-,.. 
en;  was  u  lUTcai  >i,|:. 
I'  |ila"fiic,  if  11,, I  ,;' 

Vaiisct,  ami,  as  imi::, 
/'(/',v  Mien  liaji|ii  Hi;.. 
I\  witlioiit  •.nianl.l," 
irillfs,"  whii'li  wl,,,, 
ij'iiiiy  witii  liiiii,  j;i,i| 
rr((iiiriii,u'  liic  .sin;,. 
nisc  il  oil  III!  Ill  l,(  fi,r, 
'IsiHvcr  l;iii!liu:i:ilhr.i 
v  iiiJiiiv  of  Ids  111!  II 
ill  till"  ""tnllrs:"  il,r' 
iiiiicli  rcpri-Jioiisioii 

sickness  at  J'alii\(f, 
tly  v\\wv\  to  liiid  j, 
is  known  ol"  it,  n,,! 

ravaircs,  as  iK-ir,!, 
or  fxrliaps  IN  imli. 
nd  tlic  lcii,utii  di'  il,. 
>,  as  it  was  ncarh 
N  ''•■iviii^'  tli;it  tlii'v 
'  Wli  n  the  KiiJ. 
)<•  mniiind  ill  maiiy 
asiniicli  us  il  liiill 

iiy  lor  tho  (•hostu 


LL. 

ircrodofl  by  poiuo 
nil  a|i|)ciirancc  or 
as  considered  hy 

of  tli(>  mitJKir,  nil 
le  liistory  of  the 
'latin:.'  llie  liitc  nf 
II  till'  lili'  of  J/ra- 
it  contrary  wise, 
il  not  kiH'tlieiii,"' 
kedliess,"  tcllili!! 
land  of  (,'(1,1  IMI 
ied  on  heaps,  iis 
If  fitr  IllelllSl■|v(■^^, 
iliovc  tiio  tfroiiiid 


Chap.  H] 


SQU  A  NTO— Rr  A  SS  A  SOIT. 


17 


it:. 


.J 


■ill  no  less  lliaii  limr      ^^ 
isiiiii,    l.'iiio.    I('..';,l, 
liuihuoiilis  JlLil. 


without  hiiriall.  For  in  n  place  wlnre  many  inhihited,  fhern  Iiath  l)Ofn  but 
one  lell  alive  to  tell  what  id'caiiie  of  the  rest  ;  the  livin;,'  h:'iii>,'  (jls  it  seems)  not 
alile  to  liiiry  the  dead.  They  were  ii'lV  for  crow.s,  kites,  and  veriiiine  to  pray 
lipoii.  And  the  itoiies  and  skulls,  upon  the  si-verall  places  of  their  habitations, 
iiiade  siieli  a  s])ectac|e,  atl'r  my  coiMiniiiir  into  those  parts,*  that,  as  I  travailed 
ill  that  li'ir  '.-4  nen-  the  .Massacliiiss,ts,  it  s  'emcd  to  m  '  a  in  w-foimd  (;o|;.rotlia." 
Sir  lurlinan  lo  Gorges,  as  we  liave  s-eii,  was  well  aeipiaiiited  with  th  '  coast 
of  New  l'>iif;laiid.  Alh-r  his  desiirn  (iiiled  at  ria^radahoek,  h-  tells  iis  that  h(5 
Bcnl  over  a  sliij)  upon  his  own  account,  which  was  to  leavi;  a  company  iiiid.r 
OH"  /7/i''.s-,+  t()  remain  anil  tnide  in  th  '  country.  Tlies:!  were  his  own  s/rvants, 
mid  he  iir.i.red  "them  to  leave  the  siiij)  and  slii|»'s  company,  fir  to  (iillow  their 
biisin  s-  ill  tlic  usual  place,  (for,  lie  says,  I  kii'W  they  would  not  be  drawn  to 
Beck  bv  anv  ineaiis,)  by  tlics',  and  the  le  Ip  ot'tliose  natives  f  iriiieily  s  iit  o\er, 
I  com  ■  to  iie  truly  iiifiriiied  of  so  much  as  f^avc  me  assurance  that  in  lime  I 
should  want  no  undertakers,  though  as  yet  1  was  fori'ed  to  hire  men  to  stay 
there  the  wiiit'r  ipiarter,  at  extr.'iiie  rati-s,  and  not  without  danger,  for  that  tho 
w.irf  had  ((iiisiimeil  the  IJashaba,  and  the  'iiost  of  the  great  sagamores,  with 
such  111  '11  (if  action  as  followed  them,  and  those  that  remained  were  son; 
nlilieted  widi  lie-  pi  i^fiie  ;  Ibr  that  th-  country  was  in  a  maim  r  left  void  of 
iiihaiiitsiiils.  iNotwilhsianding,  I'lni's,  and  the!  rest  with  him  lint  lay  in  tho 
cabins  with  thosi.'  people  (hat  died,  some  more,  souk-  I:  ss,  mightily,  (blessed  bo 
(led  (or  it)  not  one  of  th  'in  ever  fdt  their  iieads  to  ache  while  they  stayed 
there."  Iba-i",  although  we  are  put  in  possession  <if  siiveral  of  the  most  impor- 
tant tiicts,  yet  our  veiieraitle  author  is  deticient  in  one  of  tin-  main  particulars — ■ 
I  mean  ihat  ol'  dates,  'i'liereliire  we  gain  no  further  data  ha  to  the  time  or 
coniininnct;  of  tjiis  plague  among  the  Indians  ;  for  Sir  I'  r.linanio  adds  to  tho 
above,  "and  tliis  coiirsj  I  held  some  ycai*s  together,  but  nothing  to  my  private 
prolit,"  &c. 

Ill  ('apt.  Smilh\s  account  of  New  Kmrland,  piiblish-^d  in  1(531,  lin  Iin-s  a 
passag '  about  th'  plague,  wiiieli  is  much  like  that  we  have  given  above  from 
M)rt'tn.  The  ship  cast  aw;iy,  he  says,  was  a  (isliiiig  vess.  I.  and  the  man  that 
th'y  kept  a  prisoner,  on  telling  tlr-m  II'  f -ar 'd  his  (Jod  would  destr  ly  th 'in, 
theirkiii:;  madiHiim  stand  on  tiic;  top  of  a  hill,  and  colli'cted  his  people  about 
it  that  the  man  might  sim;  how  numeroiis  they  w.'re,  VV'heii  he  had  don.'  this, 
he  d  'iiiande  1  of  the  l''r  ■iichman  whether  his  (Jod,  that  lie  told  so  iniich  about, 
liail  so  many  m  'ii,  and  whether  they  could  kill  all  those.  On  his  assuring  the 
king  ihat  li  •  could,  t!i"y  deri  l-d  lii:ii  as  U  liir  •.  Soon  alh'r,  the  plagiii'  carried 
olV  all  of  the  iMassiudius  tts,  't  or  (iOO,  I  'a\ing  only  .'?(),  of  whom  'iH  were  killiul 
l)y  th  ir  ii  'ighbors,  th  •  ot!i  r  t\vo  escaping  until  ih  ■  I'aiglish  cam",  to  wlioin 
they  gave  their  coiiiitrv.  The  haiglisli  toll  tin-  Indians  that  tin;  dis 'as  '  was 
the  plagu  '.  (Japt.  Smilk  says  t!iis  account  is  s  -coiid  h;md  to  him,  and  tliereforo 
b  gs  to  be  I'xciis  d  if  it  be  not  true  in  all  its  particulars. 

We  have  now  com  •  to  one  of  tlii!  most  interesting  cliaracters  in  Indian 
history. 

M  \ss\sorr,  chief  of  th  ■  Wampaiioags,  residi-d  at  u  place  called  Pokaimkot 
or  I'awkuiiuawkut,  by  th  ;  Indians,  which  is  now  iiudii  le  I  in  th;  town  of  Hris- 
tol,  IJIiod'  ls!an  I.  II  •  wis  a  chid"  renown  il  more  in  j) 'ace  than  w.ir,  and 
was, as  long  as  \\<\  lived, a  lii  'ii  1  to  the  i'au.disli,  notwilhstandiiig  they  commiilod 
repi'al 'd  ii-iiriiali  ins  iipnn  lii^i  lands  and  li!)  rti 'S. 


This  clii  l"s  name  has  be:  n  writt'ii  widi  yreat  variation, as  ]f'( 


.Is 


,v 


osmncqmii,.l.'mfi- 

nK'/in'/i,  Oj.ifiiiiciuni,  Osniiukiii,  Ow'amc'iiiin,()i(>sniii(''iuinc,Us.viiiii(iii,cii,  ICtfutni- 
eg/a,  (.Vc. ;  but  th  ;  nam  '  by  wliiidi  li  "  is  generally  known  i;i  history,  is  ihat  \\  itli 
wliiidi  we  comui  'lice  his  lil'e.^     I\Ir.  Priirc,  in  his  Annals,  says  of  that  nam", 

*  ^]r.  Mil  inn  tii-l  c.iin"  over  in  li)2.'.  Ho  scllled  irnir  Wi'ViiKiiilli.  Aller  ^nviMroiiltlo 
Hii  1  lii..i("s  linn  ill 'S  Mil'  a  (IiiI'ti'iI  rcl  i;i(iii.  In;  \v.\s  li:ei;-lii"l  inii  of  llic  roiiiiirv.  mil  ImJ  Wii 
|)ro,)irv  si'(|  I's'i  lo.l,  lull  sihui  iil'ier  rc'i^riiMJ.  Hcilic(li;i  York,  i\!.">  ,  llil'i.  ll'it  In?  prcMcii  !ej 
lli;i'  Ml  t  !■!  Il  I  I  )i,i  rr/io-iiri.  we  s;iy.  "  .'n  ly^<  iml."     lie  |iriil("-s— I  lo  li:ive. 

I  Mr    I!'   'nrl  t'V'i  •»•,  .X'lii  ir  i  n.iri'.'l  h>  ''ip   l,ife,\\y   Fi'ril.  fi'.i.'.'riw,  Rs'). 'jio    T.oiil.  Ifi.").'). 

}  \  uT'Mi  Wiir  .nil  111'.''  l!u!  In  '!  iiis  :il  llii ;  li  iv  is  in  'iiroiied  liy  nmsl  of  lIn-  (ir-l  wr'ics,  lint 
(III"  |i.irlii!il  l^^  (if  il  (MiiiKil  lie  kiiowii.  It  seems  li>  li.ivo  lictMi  Ix-lwceii  llio  'riirr.i'.iiics  an. I 
Ifli  ■>  1(1  ill  •  w  'a  (>r  l'ii^i'al;v,|  H. 

^Siiiic  'nvi!  (I  r'vcil  iIk"  iwene  of  M iix-w'iiiirih  from  lliis  cliief,  lull  lli.it  (■(iiH('clMr("  is  nnl 
to  be  Iil'oJl'J.     If  aav  "Viii  kaow,  wu  iiuy  b(;  alloW(j(l  to  suiiposo  \.\\M.  Itu'xnr  WUUjuus  diJ. 


16 


MASSASOTT. 


[nr-  >,  11 


H,.'   fj 


"the  printed  ncRoimts  jrcnorjilly  spcil  liitri  Mirj.vvtr^t :  Gnv,  Bradford  Vi^. 
him  ,^fl1ssft.1ol/l,  iiiiil  Massasin/ci ;  hi.t  j  iiii>t  i!n  iici'-iif  pnoplc,  t\i<-'  ;;„.,, 
fathers  i|i  I'limoiitli  coloiiv,  pnmomiccil  lii.  narrin  Jr/rt-.i^ty  •o-il."  Still  wr  tind 
no  inclination  to  cluni!.''*'  a  li'ttcr  in  a  nanii-' «n  vcii-'ralt!'-, ar.'  wliii'li  haslii'cnso 
lonj,' ('staldislicii ;  lor  if  a  writer  sniKir  ilic  spirit  ot' iiinnv;Mi'>ii  in  himself,  In 
knows  not  when'  to  stop,  and  we.  jirononne,.  him  no  anfiman/. 

Jt  has  olh'ii  lieen  thoii;:hl  stranifi',  that  sf)  mild  a  sadiem  nt*  Alassasoil  slioiil,! 


inve  i»os 


I)  irrcat 


onntrv,  and  onr  wonder  has  hi'eii  increasrd 


mill 


we  consider,  that  Indian  possi'ssions  are  tr<'m'rally  ohtained  hy  prowess 
p-eai  personal  conrajre.  We  know  of  none  who  conid  hoast  of  such  extensivi: 
Uonfndons,  when'  all  were  conte;it<'d  to  consider  themselves  liis  friends  aiiij 
•'hilih-eii.  I'nii'lintdii,  Pontiar,  LUth-lurllc,  'JVnimsch,  and  many  more  that  no 
<'oidil  name,  have  swayed  many  trih; ,-,  Imi  theirs  was  a  temiiorary  union,  in  an 
rmerir''iiey  ot"  war.  'That  .Mirisn.ioif  should  he  alile  to  hold  so  many  triln'. 
together,  without  constant  war,  reipi.reil  (pialities  helonri;  .  <!iily  to  few.  'I  Im; 
lie  was  not  a  warrior  no  one  will  allow,  when  the  testimony  of  .dnnawnn  is «! 
direct  to  the  point.  I'or  that  jrreat  chief  !,rave  ("apt.  Church  "an  account  (if 
what  miirhty  success  he  had  had  formerly,  in  the  wars  against  many  nations 
of  Fiiiliai'.s,  when  he  s;  rved  .  Ifulimrfpn'n,  Phili]t\f  father." 

The  limits  of  his  cfumlry  towards  the  Nipnniks,  or  iidaiid  Indian?  lu'e  imt 
precise,  hut  ii|)on  the  cast  and  west  we  are  sure.  It  is  evident,  li<)W(  .cr,  fnun 
tlie  ti)llowing  exti'aet,  lliat,  in  I(i47,  the  Nipmuks  were  rather  micert;iin  jihniu 
th»'ir  sachem,  and  jirohahly  helonged  iit  one  time;  to  Massasoit,  and  at  aiiotlnr 
to  the  Narragansefs,  or  others,  as  cireintistaiices  impelled.  "'I'lie  Nopiiat 
(Nipiiet,  or  i\i|)nMik)  Indians  having  iio(i  sachem  of  their  own  an;  at  lii)i  riy; 
part  of  them,  hy  their  own  choice,  doi-  appertain!;  to  the  Narragaiiset  sachem. 
nnd  |>arte  to  the  iVIohegens."  "  And  certaiidy,  in  lliiJO,  tlios(;  of  Qnahanir 
lieionged  to  Mussanoit  or  IVassnmii^in,  as  \w.  was  ilieii  called  (if  Ik;  he  tlio 
Rime),  as  will  h;'  evident  from  facts,  to  he  found  i  )  the  life  of  Unras.  Hi; 
owned  ('ape  IJod,  and  all  that  part  of  iMa.ssaciiusetv-i  and  Kii()d(?  Island  hitwein 
Narragansi't  and  Mas.-achusi-tts  hays;  <'xtending  inliuid  hetwceii  I'awtuiku 
and  (Jlru'ies  rivers,  a  distanci;  not  satisliietorily  ascertained,  as  was  said  hrfmi', 
together  with  all  the  contiguous  islands.  Ii  was  filled  with  manj  trihes  nr 
nations,  and  all  looking  uj)  to  hin;,  to  sanction  all  their  expeditious,  and  setiin 
all  their  tlillicnltiijs.  And  wc;  may  reniaik,  finther,  with  regard  to  tlie 
Nipinnks,  that  at  one  time  they  were  his  trihutar)  s.  And  this  seems  the  more 
jiroliahle,  for  in  /^'i(7i'/>'.9  war  then;  was  a  eonstaiit  iotercourse  hetween  tlieiii, 
and  whi'ii  any  i^f  his  men  made  an  escape,  their  course  was  directly  into  the 
country  of  the  i\ipniid<s.  No  such  inten-onrse  suhsisted  hetween  the  iNaira- 
gans'ts  and  either  of  these.  Ihit,  on  llu;  contrary,  when  a  messenger  fn>m  tin; 
Narniginsi  ts  arrived  in  the  country  of  the  Nipmuks,  with  the  heads  of  sonic 
of  the  l''ngli.-h,  to  '  '.hat  they  had  joined  in  the  war,  he  was  at  first  find 
upon,  tiiouuh  afc  nv,ji\iS,  when  two  additional  heads  were  brought,  he  was 
received  with  them 

.Miissft:i()il  had  s  'venii  placesof  r  'sidence,  hut  the  i)rincipal  was  iMonrit  llopf, 
or  I'okauokct.  The  l''.nglisli  early  gave  it  the  name  of  iMoimt  Hope,  Inn  finm 
what  cin-umstance  we  have  not  learii"d.  Home  suppose  tin;  wonis  Mounl  JIopc 
corrupted  Irom  the  Indian  wor  Is  J/7«-/();;,f  hut  with  what  n'ason  w"  ar  •  not 
inlor'iied.  Since  we  have  thus  early  noticed  the  si'at  of  the  ancient  cliiets  ln'- 
fon'  |)n)e"e(rMig  with  the  life  of  the,  lirst  of  the  Wampanoags,  we  will  give  a 
description  of  it.  It  appears  to  die  hest  advantage  Iroiii  the  village  of  I'all 
River,  in  the  town  oi'  Troy,  iMassachnsetts,  from  which  it  is  distant  about  liuii- 
miles.     Troin  tlii.s  place,  ius  top  vtay  much  resembles  the  dome  of  the  ytal> 

IIo  icaiiifil  Croin  llic  luliaii  llicm-ii'lviis.  "lint  I'lr  '\T(<;s!irhiisr!ls  wff  nillid  no  from  I'u'  lUni: 
Jlill.i."  Ill  liii'  V(i'  iiSiilai'v  III'  liiili.iii  wiir'ls,  l)y  Ucv.  John  Cotton,  llie  dcliiiiiioii  of  Mdssd- 
chiiS'lt  is,  '•  ((//  /////  ill  I'll'  /'linn  o/'  an  nn-ow's  hcaJ," 

»lli'Cor.ls  (if  till'  IJ.  ("<il.  ill  lli-iu-il,  ii.  \)1. 

i  Ali.'.'n's  ( 'ollrctioii  lA'  r;|>il;i|)'is,  iv.  ()!!").  Prnsiiloiit  S'/A's,  in  his  nolos  to  tlio  pmm  I 
eilili'iiiot  (IlIlliK  h'.->  lll.sr.  Pilll.ll>'.s  \V\U,  |).  7,  spells  it  ,1/)77-'i  /(/;i  /  bill  il  is  iml  so  ill  ilii' 
(exl  ol  eillirr  i:  liiioii.  iM  ir  'DV-T.  w  )  h  IV  ;  iinl  !)  •  "ii  a'llj  lo  liiscover  lli.il  iMd'I-Io/i  is  iliiivcil 
from  Iiili.iii  w.inl  or  woi  U,  niiil  <!<>  iiol  lij:>italc  lo  |iruiiouiicu  il  u  curruptiuu  of  tin:  iwo 
£n,",'.'>li  v\ui<is  cuiiiinuiily  used  ia  luuiiii^  it. 


;;tiap.  II] 

lOUHi'  in  ll 

taiice. 

■cry  steel.] 

'o   its   n 

tnateriiiily) 

mriiK'ip''' 
'riiisnio;i| 

;t|ie  days 
and    //"'"'I 
iniiianse 
:oppi  araiici 
tj.e  cniioli 
indeed,  till 
This  eiiil 

whi'li  •-i-i| 
anil  to  tin' 
that  Ai/c'/il 
Mn  Ihrkiil 
plai'c  in  M 
of  parlicul 
Fouling  I' 
Sir  h'nin 
tipon  the 
he  had  tak 
Albion,  uji 
tiiat  I'riiici 
gtaiitls  ujioi 
entitled  to 
ther  than  / 
f.oiuitry  .Ni 
I'lnglaiid  is 
tlie  South 
voyage  alio 
('apt.  Sii 
land,  and  b 
the  same,  i 
stamp  it  an 
.selflhe  hoi 
(Iocs  lie  giv 
lliive  done. 
The  nob 
or  siiillr  I 
due  to  liiin 
New  I'.ngli 
It  was  n 
lii;  was  vi: 
liiiii,  as  //( 
inide,  and 
gn'atly  fitti 
(if  llie  con 
•     knowing, ; 
ions  that  tl 
to  be  tliiis 
ble  to  our 

*  VilllldV 
\  S.  0  his 
i  'I'll.'  (ir 
Ni'w  l'lii;;liii 
l.iindoii,  l^'il 
A.  r.ii'.;-!  '.w 
\i-  •»  ((inliiii; 

i'     ■     ■,  V'W 


[nr.KJi 

!ov.  Bradford  vji,M 

r  (»(>ori|(/ii;  ,.,  ;;,^,^ 

•o-ii.'"    Still  \s,.  (i,|j 

<'  wliicli  liiis  lini,  ^ 

'•'ti"M  in  liiiiiNcIt;  ii, 

lan/. 

I  tif^jMasMsoil  slidiilii 

■III    ilHTcasrd    u||,.„ 

•  '(I  liy  prowess  (iiu] 

ISt  ()fsilc||C\tClll«iV{. 

•Ives  his  fnciid:,  ;iii,| 
many  innrv  ijiai  m. 
i|H)rary  iiiiion,  in  j,,, 
1)1(1  s(»  iiijiiiy  trill,.; 
only  t(i  ll'w,  'Hi;,; 
y  <ii"  .dnuawon  is  so 
■rh  "an  account  oi' 
■.•linst  JiKiny  nations 

III  Indian;  ai-c  not 
cut,  liowc.cr,  rroiii 
I'j-  imccrtai/i  alioiii 
oil,  and  at  anotli,  r 
(I.  "TJi.i  Nopnat 
own  aro  at  liln  nv; 
iiTairansct  wichci'i,, 

tllO.SI!      of   (lu.-iliaojr 

illcd  (iC  lie  he  tlijl 
life  of  Ultras.  i|,; 
lie  Jsland  ixtwiMii 
itwccn  I'awiiickct 
IS  was  said  hclinv, 
itii  inaii_>  trilns  or 
'dilions,  and  sciili' 
ill    rcirard    to   tlic 

issi'oiiis  llic  iiKiiv 
SI"  Itclwccii  thfiii, 

tlinctiy  into  tlir 
ween   tlic  j\aiT,i- 

SSI'll^riT  (VoiM  the 

I'  heads  oi"  sonic 

WIS  at  (iist   liiid 

brou<,dit,  he  \v;u 

vasiMonnt  Hop-, 

t    llop",   JMIt    lidiii 

inls.)7,'>((/(/  Jlofj,: 
•ason  w"  ar  ■  not 
leirnt  chiefs,  b,.. 
,  ue  will  iii\(.  a 
■  \  illa^'i'  of  I'aJI 
<tant  ahont  Ibur 

III!  of  tll(3   stal'j- 

(/  sn  from  l'\e  llhie. 
I'liniiioii  ol'  MdiSd' 


)los  (o  llio  p(>r()ii!l 
I  il  is  111)1  so  ill  ili(> 
\f.ri/n//  i^  (li'iii'cd 
iil)li()ii  of  lii:;  Iwo 


M 


'A 


jw  in  Boston,  as  seen 


from 


Btaiiei'. 


Its  iieijflit  i>y  adnifasiirenien;  is  sr 


MASSASOIT.  18 

many  places  in  thn  vicinity,  iif  fo.ir  or  fivn  niihis' 


d    ♦«•    hi 


•Jt  ':■'{)  feet. 


Ir 


i.s 


ti'r\  siecji  on  l.'ic  s 


id(>  l< 


y,.ar 


.y  I'oenssit,  and   its  ai)pe;irance  is  v(  ry  i><rulur. 


jf  JJristol    h 


oiitril):it>(l  t< 


Id 


,f; 


.•itlenian  ot  Jinstoi  ikis  coiitrii);iii(i  to  aiK 
aijnteiiallv,  l>\  plaeiiii;  iipoii  its  siininiit  a  circular  suiiiiiier-hou!  e,  and  'his  is  u 
iriiicipal  reason  w'iry  >?so  iniich  reseinhles  the  iMassachnsetls  state-house. 
?riiis  iiiotmt,  ihendiire,  since  some  time  previous  to  IH'21,  does  not  a|i|iear  as  in 
*itlie  davs  ol'  MaxuftMit,  and  as  it  did  to  his  early  friends  and  visitors,  K  iunloto 
ond  lliindtn.  It  was  siilliciently  iiicturestjiie  without  such  addition,  as  an 
ininiiiise  stone  orifriiuiiiy  lornied  its  summit,  and  irompleted  its  domelike 
appi  araiice.  The  octaifoiiai  summer-house  heiii)^  placed  upon  this,  completea 
tiic  cupola  or  turret.  I'rom  this  the  view  ol' I'rovideiice,  \Varren,  IJrisiol,  and, 
indeed,  the  whole  surroundini.'  country,  is  very  heautifiil. 

'fills  einiiieiice  was  known  amoinj  the  iNarraiiansets  hy  the  name  Paknitokct, 
whiih  siiiJiilii  d  in  their  laii^uajfe  the  wood  or  land  on  the  otiar  side  of  (lie  water, 
and  lotlie  W'ampanoaL's  hy  th"  v-mie  Sowwams.  And  it  is  worthy  remark  hero 
that  hticiinini.kn  was  th(!  name  of  the  place  where  I'hiladelphia  now  stands. 
Mr.  Uirkiwiidvr  says,  it  si^^'iiiiied  the.  f^nwe  of  the  lowj;  /tint  trees.  There  was  u 
place  in  Middlehoroujfh,  and  another  in  llaynham,  where  Jie  spent  some  part 
of  particular  seasons,  |)erha|>s  the  summer.  Tlie  place  in  Kaynham  was  near 
}<\iurni<r  I'ond,  and  he  no  doiiht  had  many  othei's. 

Sir  I'hairis  ihake  is  the  first,  of  w  liom  we  nave  any  account,  tliat  set  foot 
npon  the  shores  of  New  I'.iiffland.  Tliit:  was  in  ir)Ht),  about  seven  years  alhir 
lie  had  taken  possession,  an<l  named  the  same  countiy  New  lOuj^land  or  New 
Alhioii,  upon  the  western  side  of  the  continent.  It  is  an  error  of  lon<f  standing, 
that  Prince  Charles  named  tli<!  country  New  Jiii^land,  and  it  even  now  so 
Btands  upon  the  paf:es  of  history.  Mut  it  is  very  clear  that  Sir  I'Vancis  is  justly 
entitled  to  til  ■  credit  of  it.  American  historians  seiMii  to  have  lookiid  no  fur- 
ther than  Prince  and  Rohe7-tson,  and  li'nc(>  assi-rl  that('a|)t.  Snitlli  named  the 
country  .New  lOiiirlaiid.  We  will  now  hear  Sniilk]  on  this  matter.  "  i\ew 
Kn<,daiid  is  that  jtart  of  America,  in  the  Ocean  sea,  opposite  to  JVona  .dlliion,  in 
the  South  Sea,  discovered  hy  the  most  memorahle  Sir  tVaneis  Drak:,  ui  his 
voyage  aliout  the  world,  in  regard  whereof  this  is  stiled  New  Kiiffland." 

('apt.  Smith,  in  Kill,  madi,'  a  survey  of  thi!  coast  of  what  is  now  New  Eng- 
land, and  because  the  country  was  already  named  New  I'iii/fland,  or,  wliich  is 
the  same,  N< w  Albion,  ui)oii  its  western  coast,  he  thou;rlit  it  most  proper  to 
Btaiiip  it  anew  upon  the  eastern.  Thereli/re  ("apt.  Smith  neither  takes  to  liim- 
Bclflhe  honor  of  namiiiif  New  lOn^Liland,  as  some  wiiiers  ofauthority  ass  i-f,  nor 
does  he  i^ivi;  it  to  King  Charles,  as  Dr.  lioberlson  and  many  others,  copyiiiff  hiin, 
have  done. 

The  noble  and  freneroiis  minded  Smith,  imliko  .ImTirns,  would  not  permit 
or  siilli  r  his  r(  sp(  cted  li'iend  and  coti  niporary  to  be  depriscd  of  any  honor 
due  lo  him  le  his  day  ;  and  to  wliich  we  may  attribute  tlie  revival  t)f  th(;  name 
New  I'.iifrlaiid  hi  1()14. 

It  was  upon  soiMe  pai-t  of  Cajte  (!od  that  the  great  circimuiavigator  landed. 
ll(!  was  visited  by  the  "king  of  the  comitry,"  wlio  sulimitti  I  his  territories  to 
liini,  as  llioh  had  done  on  the  w, stern  coast.  After  sineral  days  of  mutual 
trade,  and  exchange  of  kiielness  s,  during  which  time  the  natives  became 
greatly  .'ittached  to  Sir  Frnneis,  \w  depart  d  llir  Kngland.  Whether  the  "king 
of  the  country  "  here  mentioned  vv(>re  .'Urt.s.wwiV,  we  have  not  the  means  of 
knowing,  as  our  accounts  do  not  give  any  nami- ;  but  it  was  upon  his  doniin- 
ioiis  that  this  first  landing  \vas  made,  and  we  have  therefore  thought  il  pvojicr 
to  he  liiiis  particular,  and  which,  wo  venture  to  jjredici,  will  not  be  unaccepta- 
ble to  our  renders.! 

*  ViiiiKiyiU  n,  ti'd. 

t  f;*;  e  lii-  '•  Di-sciplioii  if  N.  Erfrlard:'  niui  llic  error  may  l»  nrerorlh  lie  «li-|p(i:s(tl  v  :ih. 
'ir'^l  iiiuliorliy  wiiii  h  we  I'ouii  I  for  l!ll>^l!  iiiicresliii;;  t'mis,  (iiilereslii'ir  to  I'rcni  son  of 


Til. 


N.nv  Kiiyl.Mi'l,)  is  a  woik  ciililliMl  "Naval  l!ioura|)liy,"  &.<•.  of  Creal  J'nlaiii,  2  voN.  iivo. 
I.iiiiildii,  l.".i:,'),  ami  is  III  Uii>(;  wofls  :— '  The  iir-l  alloin|il  lowanls  a  regular  coldMi/.aiii.ii  of 
;N'.  hliii;-!  mil,  occurs  in  llie  \var  hlOf).  It  will  ea-l'v  lie  rec'ollocifl,  lliai  lliis  pan  of  the  Anmr- 
ic'ii  cdiilli.rul  was  lirsl  ilistlii';iil-lio(ll,_v  llii- cajilains  />*,i/7r)«'  and  /( w/./-i,v ;  that  Sir  /•'/>"/«* 
/'■:■',  wlu'ii  111'  loiiclicil  li('r<!  (Ill  Ills  rcliirii  (Vdiii  the  West  IikIics.  in  i;;;ii;.  was  llie  (irsl  I'aiir. 
;:.v.:<ui.'  v\lio  lumlcd  in  llico  purls,  and  lo  vvlioin  oiio  of  llic  In(Jlaii  iiing.s  iulunittotl  iiis  Icrrilory  j 


l;^^^ 


■r;- 


^y^^: 


MASSASOIT. 


[Hook  II 


Smilli  landed  in  ninny  plnros  ujiori  the  sliorcs  of  J\Ta.<isn.inil\'t  doinininns,  (,;, 
of  wliii'li  |il,'ici's  III'  natiii!il  JHiminUli,  wliicii  liappfncd  to  bi;  llir  Kaiiii>  \\Li<; 
lH)\v  licarn  lliat  naiiir. 

Our  arniimts  make  ('ajU.  tUtrlhiilomew  fiosnolil  llic  next  visitnr  to  tin'  slicp, 
of  .l/«s.vrMoi7,  alter  Sir  /''/7((i'/.v />m/i7.     Mis  voyairi'  was  in    KiU'J,  and   lie  w., 
the  lirst  who  eanie  in  a  direet  eoiii-se  from  Old  to  New  l''n;.daiid.     He  lainl,, 
in  the  same  |ilaee  where  Sir  fVaari'.*  did  l(t  year.s  hefore.     The  ronle  had  Im 
erto  heeii  hy  the  (.'anaries  and   W'l  st  lii'lia  Islands,  and  a  voyage  to  and  li,, 
New  r.Mijrlaiid  took  np  nearly  a  year. 

XV'e  eaii  know  nothing  of  the  early  times  of  J\f(is.tnsoil.  Onr  next  visitmi, 
liis  eonntry,  that  we  shall  lii're  notiee,  was  ('a|>f.  TIioiiki.i  Ihrinrr.  This  ui, 
in  IMa\,  It!!!'.  He  ■'ailed  liir  iMonhigon  ;  thence,  in  that  month,  iiir  \  ir;:ii,i. 
ill  an  open  piiinaee  ;  eonsetpieiidy  was  oliliged  to  keep  close  in  shore, 
found   places  which  iiad  liceii  inliahited,  hut  at  thai  time  contained  no  peiiji 


dead,  of  a  great  sickness,  wliicli  was  ih,' 
leii   he  came  to    I'iimouth,  all   were  diini 


and  firllii  1  onward  nearly  all  wci 

prevailing,  liiit  nearly  abated.      W ,  

I'rom  llieiice  he  traveled  a  day's  journey  into  the  country  westward,  to  .\;i. 
inasket,  now  iMiddlehorough.  From  this  place  lie  sent  a  messenger  to  \i>i 
Mitusnsoil.  In  this  ex|)ediiion,  ln'  redeemed  two  l'"renchmen  li'om  .Mdssiimt) 
people,  who  had  heen  cast  away  on  the  coast  three  years  liefore. 

IJnt  to  he  more  particular  with  (/'apt.  Ihrmir,  we  will  hear  him  in  his  dwi. 
inamier,  which  is  hy  a  letter  lie  wroti;  to  Samud  I'lirrluisc,  the  compiler  of  il,, 
Tilgrimage,  dated  '27  Dee.  I(il!>. 

"When  1  arrived  at  my  savage's  [.V/uaH/o's]  native  coimlry,  (lindiiig  ali 
drnd,)  I  travelled  alongst  a  day's  journey,  to  a  jil.ice  called  JS/'ummanldijuiii. 
where  (indiiig  inhahitants,  I  despatched  a  messenger,  a  day's  journey  llnilHr 
West,  to  I'ocunokit,  which  hordereth  on  the  sra;  whence  came  to  see  me  iwf 
kings,  attended  with  a  guard  of  .lO  armed  men,  who  being  well  salistied  will. 
that  my  savage  and  I  discoursed  unto  them,  (being  desirous  of  novelty,)  guv 
ine  content  in  whatsoever  I  demanded  ;  where  I  li>und  that  former  relaiiuih 
Were  true.     Here  I  redeemed  a  l''renchniaii,  and  alb-rwards  another  at  iMas>i:i- 

iiMil  iliiil  l'.i|)l.  <  111/.1111I/,  v\lii)  iiKiili"  il  lillU'  sliiy  ill  llic  s.iiii.'  |iLi(c,  yiivc  m  cli  a  rr|i(iil  i,|  \ 
Kii;;Niiiil  as  lo  iillnicl  llic  ;iiicmiI;(iii  ol'liis  ii'lvcninroii-i  (•(iiiiiiiviiicii.  muiic  (iI'uIkhii  iiiimcili,!  , 
proi'iircd  ;i  clinilcr,''  <.Vc. — Vdl.  I.  |>.  IJ.IT,  if.il!  IT  we  ('ijiijii  hiidw  from  wliciire  llic  iili<ni'u., 
taken  (lliiil  is.  llu'  nv  .mily  llic  writer  el'  lli:il  woik  iiiiiilc  use  nC),  il  inif;lil  iil  once,  |i(ili:i;i. 
Sflllc  llir  <|iic>lii)ii.  Oliliiii.nm.  I.  2."),  Iiiis  llic  viiim'  liicl.  llmii^li  iiol  i|tiil('  sci  cirrmii.iiiniiin 
rcialcd.  I\lr.  Ilnin-nfl,  in  liis  I  Xdi.  iif  llic  lli-.l.  I'liilctl  Sl;i!rs,  mi|i|)«)si's  O/ihiiiian,  lliin, 
fiinU'-^iio'i,  ini>liikes  Dnilo's  liiii<liii^  ill  ( 'iilsliiriii.'.  in  l.'<7!l.  (cr  llnil  in  N.  I'.ii^hiinl.  in  l.V> 
licciiii  I',  a^i  '.vc  sii|  |)ci>.('.  Ill-  Iki'I  ikiI  si'cii  llic  IncI  cIm'W  licrc  >l;ilc(l.  Hut  thuLf  \\;\s  W  i\\\\~ 
from  Vir';iiiin  lo  I'ImiidiiiIi,  uliii  h  woulil  ^Im-  liiin  lime  cneiitili  lo  iiavo  visilcd  N,  l"ii:;l;iii.l 
See  " 'I'lic  l.ilc  iinil  l>.iiii;criiii-.  N'oyajjcs  ol  Sir  /■'ninris  l)ij/,i\"  &ii.,  small  I'Jiiio.,  I.dinii:! 
(wiiliiiMl  iliilc),  |'iii>('  1.1.1.     Sec  also  S.  all's  \  iri;iiii;i,  |>.  !(>. 

\Vli;il  IS  siiiil  in  lllnmr's  .iiciiiiin  of  A  ni.ririi.  |i.  -10,  is  iiol  very  ronrliisive.  lli^wir'. 
nrc,  "  Tlie  year  liillowiiij;  ( l.'i.'l.")).  Sir  Rii'!(trd  (lii'iiivilf  convcyi'il  an  I'.n^lisli  rolmiv  ik:li.: 
[lliis  nnllior  iiiisi.il.es  ilii>  siiiialinii  oCllic  jiliices  lie  dcscrilics,  in  a  v  rclclicd  niaiincr  j,  iiinlrr  i. 
govcriiincnl  ol  .Mr.  liilii'i  l.niir,  wlio  i  iniiiiMicd  ilicrc  (vi'l  lie  is  s|)ciikin^  iil'  N.  I'.iif;.)  i  il  i!' 
Iicxi  \ciir  (i,")l!(i),  1)111,  ii|iini  sonic  cxlraurdiiiiirv  occasion,  rcliiincd,  «illi  Sir  /''/(/i/c/.v  Di, li. 
ililii  Kimlaiiil.  Iiciiiif  a(  ((iiiiilcd  hy  sonic  tlic  iirsl  ilisi  (.\crtr  llicrrof.''  I'loiin's  wi  ik  \i,- 
priiilcd  ill  l(i!17,  and  may  liavc  lircii  Ohlmi run's  ;iiillinrily.  In  die  (ienl.  ftlan.,  Vol.  NW  . 
p.  'i\)\,  il  is  said.  '•  Sir  l-'runiiy  Di^'lc.  who  imidc  a  disrenl  on  llic  coa^l.  eonliinied  ll.crc  Kmu 
vcr»'  sliorl  lime,  so  iliai  wlialcx  cr  had  liccii  knou  ii  of  lliis  cdiinlry  was  so  mm  h  lornollcii  in  hiiJ. 
thill  <io^n(il(l  till  ill  willi  llic  (diisl  hy  iiciiilcni.  as  he  Wiis  |iiirsiiin'r  iinodicr  dcsi[r|i."  /■'/■,''..( 
Cfor  iihoiil  Sir  Fiiiiiris's  heiicj  on  llic  coiisl  ill  1,")!!."),  is  >im  [irisiii;;  ;  liiil  il  is  slill  moic  ^iirj-r;-. 
iiig  lliiil  iiiiy  inic.  prelrndai'^  lo  he  iin  liisloriiin.  slmiild  coiiy  il.  Sec  pmslrr,  '2'.).'>,  iiiid  A''  ;  "I'l, 
jNcH  fiiiiiidl.ii  d,  'it.  Ill  I'lhiv/s  Woilhii's  ii/'  Di'iim.  an  iiccoiiiil  of  .sJir  Ilrni-i'd  /»>  ■/  i 
cx|)edili(ni  lo  die  New  l'.iii;l.iiid  si.;iv,in  1.^)1).").  may  he  seen;  idso  in  I'lirrlinsr,  v.  111112.  (liinii 
lUidlii.'li  seiil  ovei  i^ir  liriiinnl.  «iih  a  naval  (orce,  lo  diy|iossess  iiny  I'oiliigiiese,  or  cllur-, 
tii'il  lie  mi|;lil  li'id  fi^hii^  llieie.  lie  roiiiid  many  \essils  (m|iliiycd  in  llnil  hiisiness,  ^c  ine  nt 
which  he  cii|iliireil,  iiiid  ili^perseii  die  resi,  iiinl  rclorncil  ic  Mn^hind  « idi  se\  eral  l'orlMi;ii('-n 
j)r'7,es.  Now  il  is  n<il  al  all  riiiiirohaiilc  lliiil  I'Ji-iil'i  lli  had  insipn  lc<l  Sir  Fraiiiis  lo  n  ,isi  ii]i 
mill  llii'se  .ciis  when  he  h.id  linivhed  h  s  doiiins  in  Sciilli  America  iiiid  A'iririniii,  lo  see  il  ilnri' 
Wl'le  iiav  xesse's  ol  olher  iKilicns  iMir|i''ii!r  die  ri:rhls  of  her  i  ie/eiis  ;  and  hciire  iiinni  ii'm' 
Wrilers  liiui-  ((111(01111  h'd  ill'  inimes  o(  S'r  liiiiiiiril  and  .Sir  /•'i/"/civ,  iliey  heiny;  hoili  disiin- 
gnislied  (idmirids  al  llial  I'liic.  :ind  holli  iKlviiiir  die  s;ime  siirinime.  and  oriir  iiallv  of  die  •iinu' 
fidil'lv.  Tlic  c\;icdiliini  of  S  r  Ih'iui  il  w:is  die  year  hcCore  llnil  «('  S  r  t-'r.mris.  ami  In  iiri> 
nrose  ihe  ;ui;\(  liioiiiMii.  ScK-ral  I'tcjl  -.ji  iiav  iijalor-  had  hceii  (•!i  llii-^  ccasi  heO  re  |(i(  (I.  i';\\A. 
fiioi-'f  Diiilrc  111,1  le  II  \oMii;e  lo  die  rixcr  Si.  I.iiwrciice  in  1J"J;J;  hut  whcllicr  any  of  ihcm 
laiuloil  la  whiii  n  now  New  KiikIuIuI,  i.->  al  pregi'iit  uiikaowii. 


Chap.  II  ] 

chii-^it.  wl| 

Cod." 
\Vi'  li.'i\| 

oil"  id'  \\\i\ 

otiiir. 
Ill  aiiotl 

J>;ill|.lsketl 
[lie  adds 
Ixi.'ird,  mail 
(as  ihiv  sal 
Mr.  TArf 
of  III-    I'i 
Frnieliiii' 
inlialiil  at 
the  ,Mii.-s;i(| 

bcMMl-,  llllj 

;*;,  tla  III,  I'linl 

niaiiy  wild 
.  triliiiiiii-  li 
•J-  ndjoyiiiii^r, 
'rf  111  ilieiii,  an 
P  llie  L''"neral 
■|   the   iTSt,  In 
'V-   bloildy   del 
^1  woiilii  ill   i 
ofllieirstn 
kill  them." 
relateil  alio 
Dec.  II, 
tliems'lves 
•§    |>roceedili!jf: 
■:;4    Ilieii  to  olis; 

fwi're  seen  1 
soiite  time 
y    beck,  and  h 
\^j    was  progre 
M    iiitrndei-s  ni 


I 
'•fj 

■'A 


i^«»    I 


wojV'.t  (lominioiis.  (,, 

»    l)t!    tllC    Willie   \\1j|,, 

t  visitor  t(i  till-  slidp, 
ill  KiO'i,  ami  lie  ,4 , 
Inji-laiiil.  Ill'  |;,||,|,' 
Tlic  roiitr  liiiil  liii;. 
L  voyugi'  to  anil  ii„,. 

Our  iioxt  visiidri, 
Ihrmn:  'I'liis  «.i, 
moiiili,  for  \  iiirii,,. 
close  ill  shore.  |{, 
•oiiiaiiieil  11(1  peii|,|. 
rss,  wliirli  was  il,,. 
itiilli,  all  were  (|i,i,| 
ry  westward,  to  .N;,. 
fi  iiiessfiifrer  to  \i,| 
ii'ii  rroiii  Jldssiimt'i 
M't'ore. 

car  him  in  his  hhi, 
tlu!  coiiipiler  oC  il,, 

'onntry,  (fiiidiii!:  ali 
llfd  J\/'nmin(tst(itjiiiil 
ayV  journey  IhvWm 
came  to  see  me  mn 
ji  well  satisfied  wn). 
IIS  of  novelty,)  ^-avi 
lat  Cormer  relaiicm. 
s  aiiotlii-r  at  Mmsmi. 

IV(>  siicji  a  rcporl  1 1  \ 

f  Olwlldiii  illillli'di;:],  , 

wliciue  |||(>  iiliip\(.  u  ,, 
^lil  111  once,  |M|li;ii. 
lili'  Ml  circmn-lHiii,,;:; 

C'S   O/iliili.lOll,  ill, in 

N.  I;ii!;I;iim1.  In  l.v' 
Ml    Dni/ii'  «iis   III  ,l;n, 

Visilcd    N.    |:il^l;|||, 
Slllilll     I'Jino.,   I.dlliii;! 

mirlnsive.  Ill,  \\„i\ 
l!n^li-.li  riil<inv  l|:  :||.; 
I'll  nwinnci  |,  innlir  i,- 
III'  N.  Mriy.)  l:ili|:,. 
Sir  Fidiiris  Dull,.,  •■ 
ii/itiiii'.i  wirk  Mu- 
ll. M;ip.,  Vol.  XW.  .■ 

'•'inllnni'd  ll.crr  l.ii!  i 
Ml  II  liiryiillcn  in  lilii,', 
T  <l('-.lun."  /wi/.'Vr'i 
I'-  still  iiidii!  >nr|,ri- 
'•,  '2'X'}.  nml  .()'  inn, 
<\r  ll,rti,f;l  I), ■,/./! 
"■■'■.  V.  I!)!)'!  (Jnirii 
'Miiijiicsc,  (ir  (illiiTv 

'I    lMI>ll|(-i-<.   SdhlCIll' 

I  M'veriil  I'drlin,'i:i'-c 
h'liniih  lo  cdiisi  ii{i 

irtrinl.-i,  Id  srr  II  ilirrc 
'I   licnrc  innliriiilvc 

<■>■  I'din^'  hdil;  I'iviiji. 

rif  nally  dl'  llir  .;iine 
/■^r:tjir!s.  iiiifj  In  lire 
liffcrc  KilO.     CmiiI. 

Iit'ilicr  niiv  ol  ilitm 


Chap.  II  ] 


MASSASOIT. 


21 


chiisit,  ulio  tlircfi  years  sinro  oscupcd  Mhipwrrek  at  the  north-oast  of  Ciipo 

We  have  mentioned  his  interview  with  Md.'iansoU,  whom  we  sii|i|iose  was 
one  ul' the  kiiij:s  mi'iitioiied  in  tin'  letter,  and  ({mt  li'itiiiia  was  no  doiilit  ilio 

Ollli'l".  ,         ,      ,.  ,  ,    ,  1   -ii      1     1  • 

III  niiDthcr  letter,  Mr. />/•;»'/•  s:i\s  tlf   Indians  would  have  killed   Iniii  nt 

^,■•lil,•l^ket.  had  not  Siiutnlo  entreated  hard  titr  him.     "Their  de.>ire  ot'reveiijyo 

he  adds)  was  occasioned  by  an   r'-ii'.dishman,  who,  haviii-r  many  of  them  on 

twiard,  made  ^'nat  slaii;:hler'ol'theiii  wiili  llu  ir  iiiiirderers  and  small  shot,  when 

(as  ihi  V  sa>)  llicy  otil'iid  no  iiijiiiy  on  ilieir  |iarts." 

Mr.  Tliilniitx  .iliirhiii,'  the  aiillior  wiio  inaile  himself  so  merry  at  the  r  \|>enrto 
of  the  I'ilirrims  of  I'liinniith,  has  the  lullou  iiij;  |),iss:iiic  coneeniimr  iheso 
freiicliiiien : — "It  (iirtiined  some  (ew  yeares  liejiire  the  lliiiflish  came  to 
iiilialiit  at  new  I'liiiimonth  in  iNew  Knjrland,  that,  ii|ioii  some  disla.st  -.'iven  in 
the  Ma>>aeliiiss;  ts  |{ay,  ity  rrenchnien,  then  tradim.'  there  with  the  natives  for 
be, I MT,  liny  set  iijion  the  men,  at  such  advaiila!.''',  lliat  they  killed  maiiii' of 
tlinii,  liiinied  iheir  slii|i|t,  then  ri.liiijr  at  anehui-  by  an  i>laiid  (here,  now  called 
I'lJ'lo'h's  Isldirl,  ill  niemury  ol'  LiDitanl  I'l  I'lmk  that  laiidid  iliere,  (where 
niaiiv  wilde  anckiesf  haiinled  that  time,  which  bee  ihiiiii:lit  had  bin  tame,)  di.s- 
triliiitiii!:  them  unto  live  sachems  which  were  lords  of  the  severall  li'rritories 
ndioMiiiii.',  ibcy  did  keep  them  so  loiiir  as  they  lived,  only  to  sport  themselveH 
111  them,  and  ii'iade  ihes:'  live  I 'reiiehiiieii  letch  iheiii  wonil  and  wati  r,  which  is 
the  i^'iierall  worke  they  leipiire  of  a  s  rvaiit.  One  of  these  live  men  oiilliving 
the  rest,  had  learned  so  much  of  their  lammajr*',  as  to  rebuke  tlieiii  liir  liieir 
Moiidy  deede :  sayiiii;  that  (iod  wiaiid  bs'  aii;jry  with  them  for  it ;  and  that  he 
woiilil  ill  his  displeasure  destroy  them  ;  but  tlu;  salvajfcs  (it  seems,  boasting 
of  their  streiiirlh)  re|>lyed,aiid  said,  that  they  were  .so  many  that  (iod  could  not 
kill  ibeiii."  'J'liis  seems  to  be  the  same  .story,  only  ditlcrenlly  told  from  that 
related  above  from  Smith. 

Dec.  II,  O.  S.,t  ll!"i(),  the  iiiLnims  bad  arrived  at  Prniioiith,  and  poss".sseil 
tliems.'lves  of  a  portion  of  MnnsdnolCH  country.  \\  itii  tiie  iiaiiire  of  their 
proceedin^rs,  he  was  at  first  imaci|iiaiiiled,  and  sent  occitsioiially  some  of  his 
men  to  observe  their  stran^'^e  motions.  Very  few  of  tliese  Indians,  however, 
were  seen  by  the  pikn-ims.  At  leiifrth  li<!  sent  one  of  his  men,  who  had  been 
sonre  lime  with  the  I'.iiylish  lishiiiif  vessels  about  the  country  of  the  Keiine- 
beik,  and  hail  learned  a  lilile  of  their  laniruaire,  lo  observe  more  >lrietly  what 
was  proiiressiiifT  anioiiij  the  slraiiircrs  at  his  place  ol"  I'atiixet,  wliieb  tiicse 
uiinidei-s  now  called  I'iimouih.     This  was  in  March,  1021. 

*  In  his  '^  X,;r  Cnm.m."  22,  23. 

\  Moilcrn  iKiliir.ili^ls  do  not  sei'in  lo  have  Ikmmi  acijaaiiilcd  with  tliisaiiinuil ! 

t'l'lii'  li  ii';lli  dl'  ;i  yiMr  vvns  lived  liy  Julius  Crs<ir  at  Jli.')  days  ■ind  Ii  hours,  or  M'l'.  il.iys. 
Tills  I  dl'  n  ciiiy  lii'liis;  diiillled  lor  1-  vciirs  .iniounled  lo  a  whdle  day,  and  was  llini  addeil  lo 
Ihe  .'^l,"i  ill  Ihi'  iiidiilli  of  Fi-lirti  ini,  wliicli  Itli  year  was  calii-  I  /•■up  i/rir.  bccaiiM'  li  liMpiMi 
ldr\v;ird  one  day.  lint  liy  ihis  sn;i|)aUillon  il  w.is  porcoived  llial  llie  vcar  wa-.  loo  Ion:;,  and 
<'dnsi'i|nriilly  ihc  seasdiis  were  ni'lliiiij'  out  of  |)lace.  I'li/if  (inironi  liiniid.  in  I.'j!I2,  dial  llie 
vernal  (•c|iiiiidx,  which  at  the  liini!  ol'  llie  Mcriie  coiiiicii,  \,  I).  ;i2,"),  lell  on  21  March,  H  II  now 
10  diys  lii'Vond  il  ;  l!-  refdre  he  drdi're<l  M)  d.iys  lo  he  slriirk  out  of  OiloUer.  l.-)!!2  ;  ,iiid  lo 
prcvrni  the  recurrence  urilio  dlDiciilly  in  liilnre,  ilorroed  ihal  3  davs  should  lie  alialed  in  every 
■1(VI  vciirs,  liy  reslorliiL;'  Icip  ye.irs  lo  connnon  years  al  llie  end  ol  ;i  successive  cenliiries.  and 
iiiMkiiiy-  leap' year  ;\'j;;un  al  llie  close  of  every  ith  cealnry.  Thus  |70().  1(!IK).  I'.II.KI.  2100.  \c. 
lliiiM';li  dlvl^illl(!  liy  1,  are  conunoii  years,  lail  2IHI(),  2100,  2"()(),  \c.  nre  le;ip  vears.  This 
nicilidd  dl' keepiii:;-  iho  year  is  called  Nr.vv  Srvi.K,  and  llial  li(  aire  "e  reliirnialion  l>y 
(irc^ory,  Ol.ii  Si  vi.K,  Mvon  ihis  Cdrreclloii  (iocs  not  sel  llaMcar  c\;icllv  rij;hl  ;  hiil  ihe  ('rror 
is  so  Miiall  that  it  amouiils  lo  scarce  a  day  and  a  hall'  in  ."ilXX)  years,  ami  we  need  not 
Irniililc  oarsi'lves  aluiat  a  nearer  appro>:iaiatida. 

l'cc.iii<o  ihis  cdrreciidii  had  a  ("nllidlic  or  Popish  oriijin,  I'rolestniils  would  iioi  Cor  a  lon<' 
timr  adnpl  il.  Al  leii^lh,  in  ihe  year  1751,  Ihe  Kniflish  I'arliaaieia  eiiacled,  llinl  llie  M  of 
Scpl.  df  llinl  year  slidiild  lie  called  die  1  llh,  thereby  slrikinE^  oiil  1 1  davs,  which  their  ralendar 
at  llial  late  pi>rldd  re()iiireil,  lo  reduce  il  lo  the  (ircyiiriaa.  And  hence  the  reason  of  our 
c;illln;,'lhi'  II  l>ec.  ( ).  ,'-<  .  Ihe  22  \  S.  The  reason  also  ot  our  ad<liiin:  1 1  davs  in^tend  of  10 
isolivions,  hecause,  in  ndopliiii^  llie  ("rlholic  nielhod  170ye;irs  alter  il  had  heea  inlroduciMJ 
by  (in  Rory.  another  day  was  !j-aiiied.  a  id  llicn  Core  ll)-f-l=l  1. 

My  venerated  friend.  Dr.  Thm-her  of  Plinioiith.  makes  an  error  I  selllii!;  it  down  thai 
wo  slmnld  add  lull  10  days,  mvliii;  lo  a  wron;;\lew  lakeii  of  the  niuier  m  his  ///'.</.  nf 
Plimmitli.  Anioii-r  all  our  school-boolci,  it  is  piiifal  thai  no  oiio  explulas  ihi»  iniporlaul 
mailer.  ' 


93 


MAS.SASOIT. 


[Book  U 


l'<(i 


m- ^  !■ 


n-'%: 


llMli 


I'lllh 


We  Iinvc,  in  8|iciiUinf,'  of  S:imos(t  iiiid  St/nnnto,  (ilisfrvtvl  that  it  was  tlinin;], 
the  affciicy  nt'tli''  (i)nin'r  iliul  a  KimiwIciIit  wasffaiiini  liytlic  |)il;:riiii.s  n|".l/,„. 
Sfsiiit.     li  was  ii|Miii  "i'i  .Macfli,  Idil,  tiiMt  ilicy  l>nii!;;lil  llic  wclrnim'  iicwsi 
I'liiinMiih,  iliat  tin  ir  cliicl"  was  near  at  hand  ;'  "  ami  ihi  y  hidti-iht  wiih  il.i[„ 
(say  till-  I'i'iiriiiis)  soiur  li'W  sMms  to  tniik,an(l  siinir  red  hciiinus,  nowly  i, 
und  dried,  Jiul  nut  sidtid ;  aiid  si<>:nilifd  unto   ns,  that  tlirir  p-cat   saicann, 
Mwf.i.iitDil,  was  hard   hy,  with  <^itiiil<iiui)iii,  liis  hmthi'r.     Tlicy  <uuld  nol  u 
t;\|ii-<ss  in  llniiiisl.'  what  thry  wunid  ;  hut  alhr  an   linnr  the  Kin;:  fuhic  i<i  i 
top  oi'  ini   hill  |sn|i|)iis  d  Im  h.'  Ilial  now  calli  d  // V//.s7</(V,  on  th.   soiidi  :^:iii 
'J'o\vn-l)rool\ j   over  a;rainsi  ns,  and  iiad   in  liis  train  liO  nun,  tiiat 
vvoh  hchold  tiirni,  and  they  ns.     \\'e  w«'r»!  not  wiliinj;  to  send  oin' f;o\(ii„r 
to  thi  ni,  and  ihiy  niiwiliiii;^:  lo  conn'  to  ns:  so  Sitifinlu  went  apain  nnio  |ii, 
w  ho  iiroii^ht  word  that  we  shonid  send  oni;  lo  parjiy  \\  illi  him,  w  idi  li  v\,'  il.  ■ 
wliicli   was  Htwitr.l  Wiiislow,  to  know  liis  mind,  and  to  sii^nily  tlic  min.l  .n, 
Aviii  ol'  onr  fiovcrnor,  whicli  was  to  have  trading'  and   pcacf  \\\[\\  him.     \\, 
sont  to  die  kin^r  a  pair  ol' knives,  and  a  copper  eiiain,  widi  a  jeui  I  in  it.     In 
(^ui  li'iuiiKt  we  sent  iiktuis;'  a  knili',  and  a  jewel  to   hanu  in  his  ear,  iml 
wilhal  u  pot  of  stronj;  water,  a  jiood  ipianiity  ol"  hisenit,  und  some  hiuiir, 
whieli  were  all  wiiiinjily  accepted." 

'I'lir  i",ni;lislMnan  then  ma  le  a  speech  to  him  nhoiit  his  kin<r's  lovo  mid  ^'cioil- 
liess  to  him  and  his  |)eop|i',  and  that  lie  accepted  ol'iiim  as  his  t'rieiid  and  ::{lv, 
'•  lie  liked  well  of  the  s|)eech,(s  ly  tin-  l'in^disli.)and  heard  it  a!lenii\eiy,  tlinii^jii 
the  interpreters  did  not  well  expniss  it.  AHer  hi;  had  eat  ii  and  drunk  hiins  n; 
and  ^Iveii  the  rest  to  his  company,  he  looked  uiton  onr  im  ssenp-r's  sword  ;iiii| 
.iriiKir,  whicli  he  had  on,  with  intimation  of  his  desiro  to  liny  it;  hut,  on  tin; 
other  side,  onr  messen;L'er  showed  his  nnwiliiim-ness  to  i>art  wit!i  it.  In  iln' 
rnd  he  kit  him  in  tin;  custody  ol"  (^iiu  fi(jit!iiii,  his  iti-oihcr,  and  canii-  oNcr  tin' 
hrook,  and  souk;  20  lueii  Ibllowing  iniii.  We  kept  six  orsL'v<ii  as  h«sta<res|nr 
our  niessenf,'or." 

As  Mitssasoll  proceeded  to  meet  tlio  Eiipli.s!i,tliey  met  him  witli  six  soldi  r-, 
who  sainted  each  other.  Several  ol"  his  men  were  widi  him,  hut  all  I 'It  ll.i'ir 
bows  and  arrows  hehiiid.  'J'hey  were  <'onduit.  d  to  a  mw  lions;'  which  \\;;s 
parily  finished,  and  a  <rreen  rn<r  was  spi-ead  upon  the  lloor,  and  several  crsli- 
ions  for  Mdssiisoit  and  liis  (dii;fs  to  sit  down  upon.  Then  came  the  Ihi^li-li 
governor,  followed  hy  a  drnmmeraiid  trnmpeti'r  and  a  t(;w  soldiers,  and  aliir 
kissiiifr  one  cnotlier,  all  sat  down.  Some  srroni,'  water  la.'in,!:  hrouirht,  the 
governor  draidi  to  ,M'tssis:tit,  \\\\n  in  his  turn  "ilraiik  a  iiri.ul  draught,  il  i 
made  him  sweat  all  the  while  aft«'r." 

They  now  procei;  led  lo  inak<!  a  treaty,  wliicli  stipulat'd,  that  iieiiler  vVmw- 
soil  nor  any  of  his  peoph;  should  do  hurt  to  the  l'in;lisli,  and  that  il'tlny 
did  tliey  should  he  givcni  iiji  lo  he  pnnisia  d  hy  iheiii  ;  anil  that  if  the  i'n;  I  .-li 
did  any  harm  to  him  or  any  of  his  p.-ophMhey  (the  /JHy'/Zs/f)  would  do  ihe  liki' 
to  them.  That  if  any  did  unjustly  war  airainst  him,  ihe  I'nulish  were  to  jiM 
liiin,and  he  was  lo  do  the  sann;  in  his  turn,  and  hy  so  dolnjx  King  Jrn/ics  would 
CHtei  m  him  his  ti'iend  and  ally. 


"All  which  (they  say)  the  kin<;  s:'emeil  to  like  well,  and  it  was  appiaiiiln 
of  his  followers."  Ami  they  ad  I,  "All  the  while  he  sat  hy  the  governor,  iii 
treinhh'd  t'or  fear." 


.\t  this  time  he  is  dosrrihod  as  "a  \orvhistv  man,  in  his  hest  year,- 


l)Od 


y,  firave  ot"countenai',Ci',  and  spareof  spec 


in  his 


aiiire  little  or  nodiiii: 


(litl'erinjr  from  the   r(  st  of  his  |()l|owers,  only  in  a  ynat  chain  id"  while  hi 


beads  ahout  his  neck;  and  at  it,  hehind  h 


s  net 


k,  hani^sa  liltl'hair  ol"toha((( 


wlii(di  he  drank,  und  pivv-  ns  to  (Irink.f     His  face  was  painted  wirh  a  sad 


red 


*  Miiiiii's  ii;iri.ilivc  is  li<'r<"  roiiliiiiiod  iVdin  llic  last  cxlrai'l  in  |i.  10.  \villi(i\il  any  <)lnls^i(lll. 

t  I  pre  iiiiu'  llial  liy  "  drinking  li)l)ai'( o."  .siiii)kiiii;  is  meant.  'I'lir  |>il;;iiins  were  prdliaMv 
nnl  a('(|iKiiiiti'il  wiili  till.'  prai'licc  ol'  siiiiikiii<;  at  all.  ami  Iiimicc  lliis  soil  ol' inisiioniiT  is  iiul 
Slriiii>;(',  llioii;;li  it  may  he  llioiii;lit  a  lilllc  oiM.  How  Iniiij  .s/,',v/A/;)^-  weal  liy  tlx!  iiaiiu'cif 
dritdins  :i\  I'lniioiiili  I  ilo  not  learn;  Iml  in  IliKi  lliis  entry  is  rouiiil  in  llie  Plinioiitli  re('(ii<!s 
— "  Aiilliiiiiij  7V//((7ii7  iiiid  (liiirii-e  I'lili'  were  clio.seii  a  rmniiiiltce  to  draw  up  an  ortkr  luii- 
cerniiif>;  disonlerly  drinkin;;  ol  "roliacro.'' 

Ron-r  Willi, imx  <iays.  in  his  Key.  "(ioiirrally  all  liie  men  llirouglioiit  llic  country  iiave  a 
tohaeco-lia^^.  wiili  a  pipe  in  il,  liaii'.;iii^'  at  llieir  hack." 

Dr.  Thucher  says,  thai  uii  aged  inuii  in  I'iiinouih,  who  was  a  great  smoker,  used  lo  icrin 


hike  iniirrei 

|fi.l|iiW.T-  If 

fsoiin'  ri'il 
Wtirks;  sni 

I'  icariilice, 
le  niar\el| 
W.ll  a-  lliej 
reiii'iil  iiil'l 
V  ut  iii::lit  "il 
;       Ihiiiii!.' 
'■  during'  ilie 
\])>\\  !iiiii'h| 

,     otii  .1  iii'i  !'• 

1 1   was  aij 

irw  days,  al 

till  IV  wa:-  III 
,.   caiiie  o\(  r  l| 
told  11-  die 

:|  Isivr  .llln-i 
''f  mr.     lie 
vet  cimcru 
iliry  lia\e 
'    mill    fowlili; 
;.v   dmie :  and 
'I    that  ar;'  at  w 
■'■    hiiii ;  tiir  on 
I  or  II  of  the 
it  with   pea- 
ended  the  fi 
yx  ever  atier  li 
J    was  nndisliii 
I   treaiy,  o|"  wl 

tliehavior,  hii 
The  pilgr 
;v|  Ihii  if  this  w 
?|.  skirmishiiiir. 
I  Meanwhil 
■q  Imw  to  live  i 
'!  lYilirj,  and 
■,.  from  llieir  h 
|i.~'i  [a  day  < 
as  iiiaiiy  as  ' 
Wire  fat  aiii 
his  lifintls,  w 

it  Jrinl.iiis  lo 
lluir. 

'I'lio  iKilinn 
miiii\.     WliiM 
llie  «r  Icr  nl'  1 
ba-kit   made 
;\|)|io;;rs.  thai 


IciiAP.  n.] 


MAssAHorr. 


'23 


llik'"  iniimy,  nml  oilrd  both  liond  and  face,  t lint  lie  looked  prrnsily.  All  liis 
Ifoiiiiw. •!•.■'  likcwisi'  wrrc,  in  tlii'ir  ihnx,  in  pint  or  in  wlioic,  |t:iinl('d,  sunn-  hl.n'k, 
Isoini' i-i'(l,  •<onii!  yt'ilow,  and  soim-  wliitr  ;  sunn-  willi  crossiH  and  otln  r  aniii: 
[works;  stiMM"  hail  skins  on  tlii-ni,  and  sunn-  naked  ;  all  slronjr,  tall  nn-n  in  ap- 
fntaniiii'i'.  Till'  kill!.'  iiad  in  iiis  liosoni,  lianirinij  mi  a  striiiff,  a  ^'nn]  lon^'  knii;-. 
ill'  iiiarMlit'd  nmi'ii  at  our  trnnipi  t,  and  suinc  ol"  liis  mm  would  sound  it  aM 

Iw.'ll  a>  liii'V dd.     Siiiiiiisil  and  S^iiKtnlii  stayed  all  niirlif  with  lis."    Mtitsn.viil 

reliiid  into  ilie  woods,  ahont  hall'a  mile  from  the  ilnjrlisli,  !:nd  tiii-ie  eneamiied 
at  iiii'lit  wiili  his  men,  women  and  ehildren.     'riiiis  ended  Mtireji  'J'»d,  Id'Jj. 

I»iiriii;t  his  first  \isit  to  the  i;iiu:lisli,  lie  expressed  irreat  si;,nis  of  |!ar,  and 
dnriii:;  the  treaty  eoiilil  not  refrain  ti-oni  tremliliiiir.*  'I'hns  it  is  easy  to  seo 
how  iiiiieh  lianil  he  had  in  making'  it,  iiut  would  lliul  llicri:  ha  I  iirvir  hrin  worse 
OIKS  mil  li: 

li  \Mis  iiirr I  that  some  of  his  people  siionid  come  and  plant  near  hy,  in  ii 

fi'W  days,  and  fne  there  all  summer.  "'I'liat  ni^rht  u.'  kept  p>o(l  watch,  hiit 
I  tliere  was  no  a|ipeai-aiice  of  danjier.  The  next  niornini.'  divers  ot'  llnir  |ieopi(» 
I  came  over  to  iis,  hopinjr  to  j^et  some  victuals,  as  we  imatfined.  Some  ot"  lliein 
told  us  the  kiiii:  wiMild  have  soini  of  lis  come  to  see  him.  ('apt.  Slitii'HsIt  and 
Jsii'i"  ,11  liiioii  went  ventenuisly,  who  were  welcomed  of  him  alli'r  their  man- 
ner. He  j:av<'  them  three  or  liair  ■:ioiind  nuts  and  some  tohacco.  We  caniiol 
yet  conceive,  (they  continue,)  lint  that  lie  is  willimr  to  have  pence  with  ns;  for 
tlii'y  have  seen  oiir  people  sometimes  alone  two  or  three  in  the  woods  at  work 
and  fouling',  when  as  they  olfered  them  no  harm,  as  thi-y  nii^dit  easily  liavs 
done;  and  especially  liec;iiisr  he  hath  a  potent  adversary,  the  \arrohi;,'aiisets,f 
(hat  are  at  war  with  him,  ai.'.iin^t^  whom  he  thinks  we  may  he  some  stren-rth  to 
liiiii  :  liir  our  pieces  are  terrilile  unto  them.  This  niornin;;  they  stayed  till  10 
or  1 1  of  the  cloek  ;  and  our  f,'o\(riior  hid  them  send  the  kiii;;'s  kettle,  and  tilled 
it  with  peas,  which  pleas 'd  them  well ;  and  so  they  went  their  way."  Thiirf 
ended  the  (irst  visit  oi' M'lssitmiil  to  the  |(il^n-iins.  NVc  should  hern  note  that  ho 
ever  atler  treated  the  l';n;,'risli  with  kiiidin'ss,  and  the  pcnco  now  coiudiided 
was  iiiidistiirhed  tor  nearly  10  years.  Not  that  any  writing'  or  artiides  of  a 
treaty,  ol" which  he  never  had  any  adt'ipiate  iiha,  was  the  cause  of  his  friendly 
behavior,  hiit  it  was  the  natural  <,Miodness  ot'  his  heart. 

The  pilirrims  re|iort,  that  at  liiis  tim"  he  w.is  at  war  with  the  Narrnj^ansi-tH. 
Hut  if  this  wen;  the  case,  it  could  have  been  nothing  nioro  than  scjino  small 
tjkiriiiisiiiMir- 

.Meanw  Idle  Squanlo  and  Snmo.irt  remained  with  tbo  Knirlish,  instriirlin!.'  them 
liow  to  li\c  in  their  country;  eipial  in  all  resp-cts  to  Itnliiiiion  ('niso(\'i  mmi 
i'ri liiji,  and  had  //•  Foc  lived  in  that  a;;'  he  mi^ht  have  made  as  jroo:!  a  story 
from  ilii'ir  history  as  he  did  from  that  i<i' .'llivni'lcr  Srlkirli. — ".S'/i^ni/o  went  to 
ti.'li  [a  (lay  or  two  alier  Mns.titsoit  lelt]  for  eels.  At  ni.!,dit  he  came  home  with 
as  many  as  he  could  fill  in  one  hand,  which  our  neople  were  <;iad  of.  They 
were  lilt  and  sweet,  lie  trod  them  out  with  his  feet,  and  so  canj.'lit  them  with 
his  lianils,  witiiont  any  other  instrument." 

il  (Iririf.iiig  loliucco. 
lluir. 

Tlio  iKilioii  lli;il  l<>'i:irro  is  so  nillcd  Irom  llio  isliiiil  'I'dlin'^o,  is  rrroiieoii^lv  piilcrl.iinc'l  liy 
nian\.  W'licii  Sir  /'/k/hAv  Drn/ii-  (iisi'overe.l  llu-  ((miilry  lo  llie  iiorili  iif  Ciilili  riilii,  in  l.')7i), 
llu' wr  tor  of  iIk;  ncroiiiit  of  liis  voviif^e  siiys,  llii-  liiiliiiiis  prcsciiled  llii?  ailinir;il  willi  a  Miiiill 
l)it>-k(l  nruio  of  nislii  s,  lilled  wllliaii  licrl)  llicy  cilli'd  /.i/m'i.  Freiii  aiKillicr  pa-^saifc  it 
ai)|>e.irs.  llial  die  Indians  of  thai  reifioii,  like  ihose  of  New  Eiigjuiid,  had  bajjs  in  which  loliucco 
Wii- (  Mrric  I.      ISiinifii'.i  l'i/f/'(;.'V',?,  I.  31 1— 7. 

'  And,  with  liiis  lad  helori!  hini.  Ilii'  author  of  "  Titlf.i  of  the  Indians"  says,  tlio  Iroaly  was 
mad<>  \Mih  iliTilin-dliiiii  and  chccrfiilnrss  <mi  liio  pari  of  Mitss<i.\oil ! 

t  Ivw  Indian  imaics  have  hoiii  spell  iiioro  ways  liiaii  ihis.  I'roin  liio  iialiire  of  ihc  Indim 
laii;rii;i:;''.  il  i-  evidi-nl  lh;it  no  r  shonhl  lii!  iis:rd  in  il.  N.ihinon^ik  and  Naniinaii^ick.  II. 
Willi  inii. — Nofdii-jransilt,  (!(>(i{i,i. — Nanlyn'^-aiisiks,  ('  illf-ml,',-  — Naiiolii^-^aiiMM,  W'iiix/nir's 
litwil  Xrirx  friim  X.  /ve;-. — Nanliyiraascl.  Jml  ■■(■  Jn'iti'ioii'n  I, if'  «!'  (l>'ii.  ({i;;-iif. — 'riicsL' are 
but  li'W  of  ihc  |)('riiuilalion>  wilhoiil  tin;  /•.  and  ihosi'  widi  il  arc  still  more  iiiimcroiis. 

'I'ho  mi'.-iMin;^  (pf  ihe  iianic  is  siill  uiicerlain.  iMadani  Kiii^-hf,  in  her  .FoMi-nal, 'i2  and  'J3, 
say>.  at  a  place  where  she  liappciied  lo  piil  up  for  a  ii  .;hl  in  ih.il  ronnlry,  she  liisinl  sonu'  of 
IIk'  "  Icwn  liipiTs  "  dispnliniT  alionl  ihc  orin'n  of  ihc  word  X<iri  Hi^misi't  "  ( )nc  xaid  il  was  so 
liami'lliy  Indians.  Ix-cainc  ih  Ti' jrri'W  a  hricr  iIhtc  o(  a  [iroili;;  uns  height  and  lii^nos.  who 
qiiolcd  an  Indian  of  so  barliaroiis  a  iianiL'  for  his  aiilhor  dial  sin;  conid  mil  write  il."  .Annlhcr 
said  II  meant  a  cclcliralcd  spring',  which  was  very  cold  in  summer,  and  "  as  hot  ai  could  be 
ima'riaed  m  ihu  w  iiUor." 


Hist.  J'lim.  3^1.     This  we  infer  was  williia    he  recolleclioii  of  iho  au- 


24 


MASSASOIT. 


[Book  II 


V't 


tlic  itiivfriMT  uiis  iilxiiit  to  ill)  il,  iIkv  frri'W  iinpaliiiii  ,il  llic  (li-lay,  mid  \>.i 
(iir  ill  (I  Tii^'f.  'I'lir  ilclny  WHS  occasidncd  l>y  the  ii|i|h  araiicc  (if  u  liuat  in  i|. 
Iiarltoi',  \^  liidi  tin-  iroMTiior  iirrtrmlcd  inifrhl  !><•  tliiit  i>l'i!!i  enemy,  as  tlirre  |iii,{ 
lieen  a  niiiioi-  that  the  l''rei<eli  had  meditated  hreakiiiL'  ii|>  the  settlement  ol'lln' 
I'lnitli.-li  ill  this  reiriuii.  This,  howeviT,  was  d(aiiilli'ss  only  n  |ii-etenee,  hihI 
riii|iluyed  til  Wear  "lit  the  patieiin-  ol'  his  imweleome  visitors.  Ileiiee  lljin 
J\J(tssiimil  should  liir  some  time  aller  "seem  to  Ihjuti"  on  the  l'",ii!?lisli,  iis  llm 
pompiaiii,  is  rertaiiily  no  \\<iiiiler. 

The  next  siiiiimer,  in  .lime  or  .Inly,  Minn'innil  was  visited  l»y  seveml  of  ih' 
Rn;rlisli,  anion;.;  whom   w.is   Mr.  illwtinl  Hiiislnir,   Mr.  Sliphiii  fl'ijiltln.s:  : 
.S'i/(/«ii/(*  as  their  inter(>ret(  ;.     Their  olijeet   was  to  liiid   out   his  place  of  i  ■ 
denee,  in  ease  they  should   lia\e  to  eall  ii|ioii   him  (iir  assistance  ;  to  keep  ii.iibI 
llie  frieiidiv  cor -esi 


•ip 


^1' 


liim  to  prevent   his  men  tVom  han^rim;  alioiit  them,  and    li\in;;  upon   tl 
wliicli  was  then  considered  xcry  linrdensome,  as  they  had  liejiim  lo  j.'r<iw«  I 
of  provisions.     'I'hai   their  vi-il   mi^lit  I 


I'ln, 
Min 


(C    IK  i( 


ptalile,  they  took  alonir,  tiira 
present,  a  trooper's  ml  coat,  \\  iih  some  laee  upon  ii,  am)  a  copper  chain :  with 
thesis  .'l/a."i,««.f'.(7  was  evceedintrly  well  pli'aseil.  The  chain,  they  told  hi  ii,  hn 
iim.-.t  S(  nd  as  i  siirnal,  when  aii\  of  his  nn  n  wished  to  visit  them,  so  that  they 
iiii;Ldit  not  he  imposed  upon  hy  stran<i'ers. 

When  the  lliif^li.-li  arrived  at  I'okaiioket,  Afmt.tfisnil  was  iilis'Mif,  lint  wan 
immediately  sent  liir.  IJeiiiy  informed  that  he  was  comiii<i'.  the  IliiL'lish  Ifiian 
to  prepare  to  .-hoot  oil'  their 


this  so  frii;liteiied  ilie  women  and  ehildr 


that  they  ran  away,  and  would  not  return  imlil  the  interpreter  assured  tlicia 
that  they  need  not  fiar;  and  wlun  .Mustusoit  arrived,  they  sainltsil  him  hyii 
dischariTi',  at  which  he  was  very  much  elati'd  ;  mid  "who,  alhr  their  nianinr, 
(says  one  of  tlu'  company,)  kindly  welcoined  lis,  and  took  us  into  his  Ikiiiso, 
and  set  IIS  down  hy  him,  w  here,  havinir  d(  livereil  our  messa'.'e  ami  presi'iiis. 
and  liavinir  put  the  coat  on  his  i<'iek,  and  the  eliain  alioiit  his  ik ck,  he  wn-  nut 
n  little   proud  to  heliold   iiinisi'l||  and   his  men  also.  lo  see  tln'ir  kin^r  so  hravily 


altirei 


A  new  treaty  was  now  held  with  him,  and  he  very  fro<td-nalureill\ 
assented  to  all  that  was  d(  sired.  He  then  made  a  speech  to  his  iik-ii,  maiiv  <>( 
them  iM'iiij.'  assemhlrd  to  see  the  I'mxlish,  vvhieh,  as  near  as  they  could  learn  il- 
liieaniii;.'',  aei|iiaiiilrd   them   with   what   coiirs'-  they   mi;.dit   piii-sne  in  reirarJ  tn 


the  rinirlish.     Anions' oilier  thinirs, 
d/'  the  niiiiilnf  nhfiiil.   i/s  .'      Is   ii'il 


said. 


.'hn   I  nil  .M is'idniiit,  r(imm"irkr 


I  iiift  siirh  iddrvs  mini ,  iinl  thr  pvnjilr  nf 
them  ?  Tluji  slinll  ir.ki  llin'r  sl,in  li  the  l-hifrlish."  This  his  peopii'  !ipplaihlrll. 
In  his  speech,  "hi-  named  at  least  thirty  places,"  over  which  he  hail  coiilml 
"'I'his  Iteiiijx  ended,  he  liirhted  toliaeco  (iir  ns,  and  fell  to  diseoiirsin','  of  lliiir-  ^^| 
land  and  of  the  kind's  maie^•ly,  marvellinjr  that  he  slioiild  li\e  without  a  wili." 
lie  scms  to  lia\e  heen  emliillrred  afraiiisi  the  l'"reneli,  and  wislied  "ns  imi  to 
Bufli'r  them  to  come  to  iNarraifaiiset,  tiir  il  was   Kill"'  Jiinirs\i  coiintr\,  and  lie 


'c-iw.  ill 

wii-  Kiiii.'. 
Ii.~h,  ai.d 
Im.I,  il"  -"  •! 

iiiiil  a  thill 
^ill',  tli;  \ 

^  Wiilll  el'  l'"'| 

'  lii.k'in:;  lli.'! 

••The  ml 

and  niiiMN 

skins  and 

chance   in 

HJKMll    \Mlli 

de-il-ed  to  I 
rendered  if 

'I'lic  li'xl 
lieiled  tiienj 
Hlii.'tll,  lis  "11 
it  wa>,  it  ii| 
i;ii!:ri>l"  no\ 

"  \  I  ry   il 

|iili;.'rr.  I»l 
eidn  r  he  li 
)i;;r>'  l"\rliai 

williin  i\i>'<y 
Ik  ilijr   there 
licit  he  ahle 
iii^',  1»  fore 
jriievcd  and 
'f'ls  liiitnliii'i 
iiiMiilier,  call 
ami  alt(  r  up 
'I'his   liiill 
kinplom  o|' 
aiiaiiisi  ('mil 
In   li;i:», . 
was  very  di 
rriior  ihspa 
ll,il)li<iiii  k  ar 
l.iiiiiloii,  wli 
niy  consort.' 
INik  iiKikct, 
"\Vh'  II  wo 
riicn,  a.;  we 
way  tiir  ns. 
Kiich  a  ialli^ 
to  case   him 
liis  arms,  lej 
of  tin  ir  cliai 
iiini.     li  ivi 
wim  mine. 


Mourl's  llclalion,  in  Vul,  Alujis,  llUl,  Hoc, 


m 


[Hook  II 

ri^  ill  TiiiliMii  iMiHij  . 
il  |>i)litiri,'iiis  i<\' ,  > , 
.Inn  llmf  of  .I/iv 
<icca>ii»ii,  .l/rc  y//, 
I'd  (i<.'(iiii-t  Tit'jii 
>r  lliJil    I  line,     S 
I  lo  liis  licili;,'  |iiil  : 
I'NV  not  liow  III  !_', 
voiiltl  spiirr"  him. 
I'   m('s.icii;;cr  iiiT'ii  , 
n-  tliiit  TI.Hi/ii'inhi,'' 
iiaiMc  of  .If/.vs/r*./ 
'Ill-  lii-l  (iriirlis„i 
i.xli,  llicv  uiiiilil  ii„' 
ivn  iiiiili-  fi>  |m<  i|<|,| 
t  to  !,,in. 

iroMTiior,  r'hiii;.'ii:;' 
I  or  not  to  tlic  m  .. 
I-  iinrrativc  llj.it,  n. 
H'  ili'lfiy,  mill  \v,  !• 
Hf  of  II  l>oiit  ill  I|r 
iifiiiy,  IIS  tlirri'  liii,{ 

If  WttlclMCIIt   of  l!|, 

iy  a  |irririi('i  .  ,iii,| 
■iitors.  Ili'iii'i'  i!i,it 
\u'.  Miif^lisli,  as  ilin 

il  iiy  si'vcnil  of  III, 

jilii  II  llufikiii.'i,  .11, ! 

I   Ilin  |»Imi('  of  r  »;. 

lu'c  ;  t<i  krc|(  fr,,,,,! 

I<'s|ircially  to  (•■•iih, 

liviiii,'  upon   tl.iii. 

'Lniii  lo  irrow  1  ;,.ii 
took  aloiiir,  (lir ,; 
PI"  r  I'liain  :  \\r\ 
iliiy  toll!  Ill  II.  i|, 
liciii,  M)  tl;ai  llhv 


alis'^nt,  liiit  \v,H 

ir   I'lllLriisii  li,  i:mi 

rii'ii  ninl  cliilili'  )i. 
trr  assiirt'il  ilinn 
saliiicil  liiin  Inii 
\'r  their  niaiia  r, 
IS  into  his  Ikiiis'', 
:<•  anil  prrsi'iits. 
Ill  fk.  hr  w.-H  not 
r  kin;.!'  so  hriiM  K 
y  frood-iialiirnIK 
lis  men,  many  if 
y  roiilil  li'ani  ii- 
rsiii'  in  ri'irarl  to 
iisnil,  r(iniiii"ii!tr 
III  I  the  jHiij)!!'  Ill' 
I'oitii'  appiaiiiln!. 
I  he  hail  nintiiil. 
nursing'  of  ilriL'- 
v\  ilhont  a  wili." 
i>'ii'il  "  us  niil  III 
•■oiintry,  and  he 


^.,^,.    II)  M.\SS.VS()IT  25 

wii-  Kiiiir  Jiimrs'H  innii."     Ih-  had  no  virtiiaU  at  thi>«  lime  to  uivc  to  the  I'njf- 

li-li,  aid  ni;rlil  I'omiii).'  on,  thrv   nlirrd  In  ii'st  Mipjuil  ss.     lie  had   hut  oiii' 

Jk  il   if  so  il  mi;-'ht  ill' rail- d,  "  drin;.' oni\  planks  laid  a  foot   t'roni  llir  ;:roiind, 

lamra  liiiii  iiiiil  ii|"'i'  iIk'Iii."  '     "  llr  l.iid  u-;  on  |!ii' Im  d  with  himself  ami   his 

Iwif,  tliiN   "I  'I""  """'  <  lid,  and  \\''  111   tlir  othii'.     'I'v.o  ii">ri' of  hi*  ni  n,  for 

[wjiiii  iif  rooni,  priKsi'd  l>y  and  u|ioii  us;  so  that  we  w    rr   uoi-sc  wrary  of  our 

[lod^'iii::  tlui"  "I   '""■  .i' "11  I'll" '.v." 

I     """'I'Ih'  111  \t  day,  many  of  tlidr  Kicliiiiis  or  petty  fjnvernors  faiiir  to  s^'e  us, 

land  niiiiiN  of  til'  ir  men  also,     'riiere  they  went  to  iln  ir  iniinni  r  ot"  i;aiin  s  for 

I  skins  ami  knivis."      Il   is  amiisiii}.'  to  learn  liinl  the   Mn-ilisli  iriid  to  p  t  a 

ohniiee  in  liiis  <.'amhliii^'  aliiiir.     'I'liey  say,  "'I'lnre  we  ehall'  iiLred  them  to 

f  BJiiMii  \Miii  tlieni  liir  skins,"  hut  they   were  ton  I'unnin^  for  th(  iii.  '  only  ihiy 

'■■  de-ired  to  we  one  of  lis  Hlioot  at  a  mark  ;  who  slinoiin^'  with  iiail  shot,  lliey 

Wi'lidi'lid  to  see  the  mark  so  lull  of  iiok'S." 

The  iMxt  day,  alioiii  one  o'eloeli,  M.ixi^nviil  hroiiirlit  two  Iiirjro  llshe,^  and 
iKiili  d  li'i:iii ;  hut  the  |(ilirrims  siill  ihouirht  ilieir  i  hane>  jnr  nfri'shment  \ery 
miiail,  as  "there  were  at  leasl  liirty  ii-okiiiu'  tor  a  share  in  tliciii ;"  lint  seaiitv  as 
if  «as,  it  I'liiiie  very  timely,  as  they  laid  fa>ted  two  ni!,dils  and  a  da\.  'J'iit 
Lii^ilisli  now  li'O  him,  at  whieh  he  was  very  .sorrowliil. 

"  \  I  ry  imporiiinalc  he  was  (says  oiir  iiiitlior)  to  have  us'  ftay  wilh  Uiein 
lon;.'ir.  I»nt  \\e  desired  to  ki  <  ji  ih;'  sahliath  at  hipiiie,  and  lefiri  d  we  should 
riilii  r  he  li;:lil-lieaded  liir  wapl  of  sli'i  p;  tiir  what  xvilh  had  lod^iii;r,  ih"  sa\- 
ii^ii  >'  I  ••!  ilia  roils  siniriii;:,  (for  tin  \  used  to  -in<;  tlenisi  h.  i  s  asleep,)  lire  and  lli  as 
>\  ill  I  in  doors,  and  iniisketnes  without,  we  eon  Id  hardly  ^les  p  all  the  time  of  oiir 
hi  iiifr  thei'e;  we  much  feariii;.',  that  it' we  should  .stay  cny  loii}.'er,  we  siionld 
not  he  ahle  to  recover  home  ti>r  want  if  stn  n<,tli.  f'o  that,  mi  I'riday  iiiorii- 
iii;:,  I"  liire  simrisiiiL',  we  took  our  Ir.'iv,  and  d- part' d,  .V/j/.'.f^.'roi//  In  injr  l"'tli 
^nii'ved  and  ashamed,  tl>at  he  could  no  heil'r  ent'  rtaiii  us,  .And  retaining 
Tin  juiiiUim  lo  siiid  from  place  to  phii  e  to  prociiri'  trn/k  \'nr  us,  and  appoiiilinff 
aiioiher,  called  'l\Jiiin\iihiimiin,\\\  his  place,  whom  \\v.  had  fiiiind  liiithfnl  lit  l! 're 
uiid  at\er  upon  all  occasions." 

'I'his  lailhfiil  sirvanl,  Tokiuimhnninn,  was  in  tin-  liimoiis  "  voyugi!  to  the 
kiii;rdom  oj"  .Naiisit,"  and  was  coiis|»icuous  Uir  his  coiira;;i'  in  the  e.'ipedil'on 
lif;ailist  (''iinihilitilt. 

In  \i'i'i'-\,  .Mitssiixoll  s'  lit  to  his  friends  in  I'linsonili  lo  inli'rm  them  t!:at  ho 
wa'\<r\  daiijreronsly  siik.  hisiriiifj  to  render  him  aid  if  possihie,  (he  f;ov- 
criiiir  ill  spiitciied  Mr.  niiislnw  iifraiii,  with  Home  medicines  and  cordials,  and 
//ij'(/<o/;r  A"  as  iiiti  rjin  ti  r ;  "ha\iii;f  one  iMaster  Jo/i/i  flumrkn,  ii  jL^'iitleman  of 
Leiiilon,  w  lio  tliMi  w  inlered  wilh  ii.s,  and  desired  imucIi  to  see  the  country,  (itr 
my  coiisojt."  I  In  tin  ir  w.iy  tiny  foiind  many  of  lii.<  Miliji  els  wire  jioiie  to 
I'lik  ;iioket,  it  I'lin'r  tia  ir  cuslum  for  all  frii  nils  to  atti  iid  on  such  oecasioiis 
"\Mrn  wc  eami'  thilher  (.says  Mr.  Ifliislaw)  we  loimd  the  hoiis '  so  full  of 
men,  a.i  we  could  scarce  i,^i  t  in,  thou';ii  they  used  tliiir  h.  r^l  diligence  to  make 
wav  fir  lis.     'rinr.'  wcri!  they  in  the  midst  of  th  ir  ciiavms  (or  him,  making' 


tiii.'li  a 


Li  i: 


si  I  noise,  as 


it  i!isteiii|ii  n  d  us  that  wer.'  wi  II,  Mid,  iliereforr,  unlike 


to  case  him  tliat  w.'issick.     Aliont  liiiii  were  si\  or  eiulii  women,  who  eh; 


lis  arms,  I'LTs  .-ind   lhii;!is,  to  krep  heal  in  liiiii. 


Win  n  th;  V  had  i 


nail 


f'd 
end 


of  llii  ir  cliariniiiir,  one  told  him  that  his  friends,  the  Kiifjlish,  were  come  to  sen 
liiiii.  I(  i\iii;i'  imderstandin;.''  hll,  hut  his  sii>ht  was  wholly  jronc,  he  asked,  who 
tm.H  aimv,     'I'liey  told  him   ft  ins  no  w,  (I'ov  they  cannot  prunomice  the  letter  /, 


l.t  Siillr  f.w^  (  r,\|i('iliii(iii  ill  Am  riia.  |).  If)  oi'ltic  liiili.iu^'  :.,  lU 


'l.'i 


11)  Willi   -(IIIIL'  pici'l'S  (it"   WOllil.   Ill 


for  i!i  ■  r  riivi'riii.sf.  llcv  ini'  llif  fiiii-'sl  sort  ol 


II"  wliicli  liii  V  l;iv  skins  liil 


it   «( 


;in> 


Ifi 


Riliiiii.ii      Till'   IMr.    Ifniidni  mciilioi- 


or  i'l>e  mills  fiiiilv  \\  ri:ii";lil. 


:il,  lli.il  •■  llicy 
ur  str,iu,  lull. 


IS   sii;)|iost"(l,    l)V    some,  to 


llio 


col^'iriil''!  Jii'iii  II  rinl''n,  fimuiis  in  llic  limi'  of  ('li,ii-l,s  I.,  iiii  I  ulio  ilied  ol  a  woiiinj  rei'('i\  eil 


!'• 


iiliiiiiil  lo  iiili'rri'|)l   IViiici-   Ixiiprr/.  iioar  Oxiord.  wliJc  .sU|ii)orliii;r  lli(>  caii^c  oC  l| 

w'  ...    It  ....•..♦..  I.-* 1  ...  I     !;     1-r*     1    /.- 1    :••.     11-7 


II 


I,'  I'lijiiii's  r.ii^liii.l.  ii.  177,  Hiiil  Kfiiihi,  iii 


.  1,17. 


ni'.bl  ill  KiiiuvIl'iIj 


I   11'  l|iir||ly   irrilliCvi 


mil  ilii"  rerlamly  ol  iliis  mailer  li:;  known  ;  Iml,  ns  yet,  wo 


II  nil  is  iiu'rc  s|ii'riilatioii.     i\i'xcrtliil<'-.s.  we  .nre  pli'aM'il  lo  mcel  wiili 


llii'  Miiii 's  of  Mirli   valii'd   iiiiirlyrs  of  jihorly  ll|ioii  ;iiiy    |i  im'.  iiiid   oven    llioii;;li    lliry 


II  ml. 
tliul  lio 


.....  ...  iil'l 

si'i'ia   rallkT   mil  n/n-ajo.i  lo  llic*  rax-   m    liaiiil.       We   (muiioI   loani   lliiil  ;iii\    of 

iiin;rii|)liL'r.s  liiivc  discovfroil  llial  lni  vi..ili'd  .Aiiicrira.     Slili   liiiiro  is  a  prcjiiiiiiilioi: 

"  Till!  vJllTji'  Ufimnil '11,  Ih'it,  with  (Iniiiilli'-'s  lirc.isl, 
Till.'  litlle  lyruiit  uf  liis  fields  witliiitouil."— C«k&y'(  Elkot 


S>^.%% 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


no 


13.2 


1^    

Ui 


lAO 


1.4 


2.5 

M 
1.6 


V 


<^ 


/^ 


^a 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


».        ^ 


f/j 


b^ 


r 


m 


36 


MASSASOIT. 


[Hdok  ir 


but  ordinnrily  n  in  llio  placf  tlinvor.)*  llr  desired  to  speak  wiili  me.  Whrn 
T  c.'iiiic  to  liiiii,  and  tliey  tnld  iiiiii  of  it,  liu  |iiit  liirili  his  hand  to  me,  \\lii('||  [ 
io(!|<.     'riien  he  said  twice,  thoii<:h  verv  iiiwardh',  Krrii  If'inmiowJ  \\\\\r\\  jstn 


wn,  .ht  Uvni    It  iiislot 


I   answered,  ,]lihr,  that   is,    Y(s.     'J'lieii  he  dniili 


th 


words:  Jlnlln  lucn  wonrkmui  niniuti,  hiiisnow 


loir,  /  .>-■.'.'«//  IK  vcr  sec  line  (tiinin 


I " 


\\u\ 


coiitrarv 


-that  is  to  say,  O  li , 
to   his  own   e\|ieetalioii 


his  friends,  liv  the  kind  exerticjiis  o|".Mr.  fVinslow,  he  in  a  short  i 


iiiii'. 


W(  II  as  al 

ontinly  recovered.     Tiiis  l)ein<,'a  pas-saire  ofjrreat  interest  in  the  lill-  of  the  <rn;.t 


J»//i 


tssiisoil,  we  will  here  iro  more  into  detail  eoneeriiin!.''  it. 


\V 


len  Ik 


had  hecdiiM' 
i  some   kiiiil 


ahle  to  speak,  lie  desired  Mv.  fUm^low  to  pro\  ide  liim  a  hrotli  (i'oi 
of  fowl  :  "so  (says  he)  I  took  a  man  with  me,  and  made  a  shot  at  a  couple  ni' 
ducks,  some  sixscore  paces  oti",  and  killed  one,  at  whicii  he  wondered  :  so  wc 
retnrned  t()rthwith,  and  iln'ts.'d  it,  makinir  more  iiroth  therewith,  which  in- 
ninch  desired  ;  nc  er  did  I  see  a  man  so  low  hronj^ht,  reco\('r  in  that  inea; 
in  so  short  a  time,     "'lie  l()wl  beiimextraordinju'v  iiit,  I  told  llohlximurl;  I  n 


I". I 


take  oll'the  top  ihereol",  saying'  it  wonid  make  him  very  sick  aiiain  if  he  did 
it;  this  he  ac(|iiainted  Miissiissoivnt  therewith,  who  woidd   not  lie  persuaileil  \i, 
it,  thomxii  I  pressed  it  very  much,  slio\\in;r  the  stniiirtli  tliereoC,  and  the  \\i;;|.- 


N( 


ness  of  Ins  stomach,  winch  conid  not  (lossihly  hear  ...  !■.>.,„  .,,,.-,.,,,,,,11;;.  ji, 
made  a  gross  meal  of  it,  and  ate  as  much  as  woidd  well  have  satisfied  a  man  m 
Jiealtli."  As  ff'iii.slow  had  said,  it  made  him  very  sick,  and  Ik!  von.ited  witli 
such  violeuco  that  it  made  the  hlood  stream  (i'om  his  nose.  'V\ih  hleidin;; 
caiH'd  them  lireat  alarm,  as  it  continued  for  flinr  lioiu's.  \Vlien  hi>  :i.)se  ceased 
bleedinir,  he  tell  asleep,  and  did  not  awake  for  (!  or  H  hours  more.  Alter!:" 
awok(",  Mr.  H'insldtr  waslied  his  tiice  "and  sup|ilied  his  heard  and  nose  witlii; 
linnen  (doth,"  when  takinir  a  cpiantity  of  water  into  his  nose,  hy  fiercely  ejiMt- 
iuil  it,  the  hl(j:)(l  hej^an  ajrain  to  flow,  and  ajrain  his  attendants  tlionsrht  he  cduM 
not  recover,  hut,  to  their  great  sati-liiction,  it  soon  stojipod,  and  lie,  gained 
Btrenglh  rapidly. 

l*'or  fiiis  attention  of  (he  lliiiiiish  he  was  verv  cratefiil,  and  alwavs  lielleved 


tliat 


his  presi 


■rvalion  at  this  lime   was  owiiia'  to  the  henefit  he  received  t'ni 


Mr.  If  insloiv.     In  his  Avav  on  his  visit  to  Mus.msoit,  iMr.  Il'iuslow  liroke  a  hollli; 


e  sachem  s  recuv- 


coiitainiiig  some  preparation,  aiul,  de<'miiig  it  necessary  tr)  tl 
cry,  wrote  a  letter  to  the  gov(  rnor  of  I'limoutli  fiir  another,  and  some  (diickeiis; 
ill  whicdi  he  gave  liiin  an  account  of  his  success  thus  tar.  The  iiiteiitinii  v,;i:: 
no  siioii'  r  made  kinwu  to  .l/i/.v.sv/.foiV,  than  one  of  his  men  was  sent  ollj  at  \\\i) 
t)'<dock  at  night,  li>r  IMimoulli,  who  retnnied  again  with  astenishing  fpilcknes-;. 
Till!  (diickeiis  l)(  iiig  ali\e,  Alussitsoil  was  so  pleased  willi  them,  and,  heiii;' 
better,  would  not  siifli  r  thi'iii  to  he  killed,  and  kept  them  with  the  id(  a  of  rais- 
ing more.  ^VIlile  at  J/« '.'.9rt.'?o)7'.'f  residence,  and  just  as  they  were  ahoiit  to 
depart,  the  saclis'iu  told  Hohomok  of  a  plot  laid  hy  some  of  his  suhonrniiile 
chi;  Is  for  tli(>  piirjiose  of  ciitlinu'  olf  the  two  Ijiglish  jilantatious,  which  lii' 
charg  d  him  to  acipiainl  the  Knghsli  ^\'ilh,  which  he  did.  Mnxsitvnt  statu! 
that  he  hi'il  heeii  urged  to  join  in  it,  or  give  his  consent  thereunto,  hut  li.'id 
always  r  tiised,  and  used  his  (  ndeavors  to  prevent  it.  The  particulars  of  iln' 
evils  wliich  that  plot  hronght  upon  its  autln.r.s  will  he  found  in  the  history  ol" 
Willi'W'imct. 


Al  this  time  the  I'iiiglish  became  morn  seiisi!»l(>  of  the  real  virtues  f)f  Mas 


S't- 


soil  th;m   ever  hef(,re.      I  lis  great  anxietv  f"ir  the 


we 


:ire  of  his  iieoph'  win 


inaiiif  st'd  hv  his  desiring  Mi:  //V;).s*/'>(c,  or,  as  innslaw  himself  expresses  it 


II: 


caused  ni( 


to  go  fi-om  one  to  another,  [in  his  village,]  recpiesting  iin'  to 
vvasii  their  moutlis  also,  [many  of  his  peejil:-  being  si(d<  at  that  time,]  and  gl\e 
to  eacii  cf  tlieiii  s;)nie  of  the  same  1  gave  him,  saying  they  were  good   fdk" 


*  ilvcrv  ptMipIc,  and  (•(iiisot|iuMilly  cvciv  laiigimjfo,  have  llioir  pocidiaritirs.  P.ardii  l.'ii'iui- 
Ian.  MiiiKil'-isilfIa  Amoiiiiue,  ii.  i'ili, 'J;i7,  savs,  "  ,/t  dinii  ilc  la  litii'jiie  ili-s  llin-inis  I'l  ilrs 
liotfuiiis  mil-  c/iiw  ((s.sc;  niiiciisc  qui  est  ijii'il  iii>  s'<j  Ironre  point  ili'  li  llns  loliinh's  ;  c'l  si  a  (lire, 
d^  I),  f.  III,  p.  ('/•)  ftiilniil.  rillf  hitn^iir  ill's  llinciis  juirnt/  I'iri-  fort  lu-llf  rl  ilr  nil  sun  lout  a 
fail  lii'aii ;  i/nni  i/ii'ih  in' fi-nivn'  iniiinis  Inirs  Irrrrs  ru  pniliiil."  .'  iid  •'./'(((  piissi-  ijiiiilrfjniirs 
(t  viiiiliiir  fiiri-  jiiitiiiiiirrr  1)  ilrs  Ifiinnis  li's  h  tin's  lnlii.itrs.  in  lis  ji  n'ai  }>')  11  r-'Hssir,  it  ji'rri<is 
qn'in  ili.r  mis  Us  nr  ponrrant  iliir  n-s  inuls,  lion,  (il<.  Mdii^iciir.  F'oiiudiailraiii  ;  rnr  nil  lini  ik 
dill'  lion,  ils  iliriiinit  oiioii,  nil  lii'ii  lie  !'ls,  iU  prononriroit  nt  riU  ;  ,111  /irii  ilr  inon^icnr,  raoiiii- 
sioiir,  lui  lieu  tie  I'oiitcliurlruiii,  Coiicdiarliaiii.'  IIuucc  il  scums  lliuir  laiijjnaj;os  are  aiialo 
gous. 


I'lir  at  llio  met 
aiitiiinn  of  l<)J-"{, 
Woosiiiitiijiiin  to 
Nnii<iliiggansetts 
may  he  preserve 
rest  as  of  late  :  i 
agreements  betw 
I'lider  date  ](i 
inrck,  on  this  si* 
pnsi'iit  of  JH  si 
iicyond  Connect 
Avere  about  to  1 


[r?i)OK  ir 

ino.  Wlirri 
iiic,  wliicli  [ 
i  \\\\w\\  i-stn 
1  lie  ildiilili'd 
siiy,  O  \S\m- 

|>l'l'(!|ti<i|IS,  ,'is 

I  a  slioi't  tiiiii. 
i'  of  tlic  ;.rn;:t 
(■  had  Imcoii!!' 
i!i  snnic  kiiiil 
it  a  <v)ii|i|(.  (if 
[lend  :  so  \m- 
fli,  wlilcli  he 
tl  at  inriifin'. 
(rmork  \  miNt 

I  il'ii!'  (lid  (■:,! 
Itcrsiiadcd  in 
lid  till'  \\i;.|.- 
Iistaiidiiiir,  li!' 
lied  a  iiiaii  m 
loii.itcd  Willi 
riii?    liliM din;; 

is  IlJSC  (TMSCll 

ire.     Alter  he 

II  IHISC  -willi  ;; 

(iiTCciy  cjrit- 
lirlit  ho  CdiiM 
id  he.  iraiiK'd 

rays  Ix'lii  viil 

(■('('ivcd  In  nil 

ju'dkc  a  hdttl' 

iciu's  rcciiv- 

MIC  (diickciis; 

iitcnlinii  WW- 

lit  (ill^  at  tv.i) 

i;/  <iiiickiM>-\ 

,  and,  iiciii^f 

idi  a  of  rais- 

Icrc  aiioiit  1(1 

siii)()rdiiiaH' 

IS,  wliicli  111' 

sdwil  statrd 

[iito,  hilt   liiiil 

iilars  (if  llii' 

(;  iiistoiy  of 

|s  of  Mnsfitn- 

|)('(l|)l;'  WiW 

|(v\|)r('ss('s  it, 

-tiiiji  IMC  to 

ic,]  and  f>i\() 

Igood  folk" 

';ir(in   l.'i'um- 

llllililis  I'l  (li'S 

f'lst  It  dire, 
\in  Sim  loiil  ft 

•  i/nitlri'  joiin 
Vir.  it  ji'  croii 
t'lir  III!  til  It  lit 

^i<nir,  r;i(iiiii- 
Is  uri:  aiiulo 


CinP.  11] 
All  .■ici'oiiiil 


MASSASOIT. 


'27 


of  iiis  fhararti  r  as  irivcn  hv  Ifohomok  will  ho  found  in   iho  lifo  of 


that  ciii  '■  <ii"  l»ani.  M'. 

">hi!iv  whilst  wo  wcr-  tiicro  (siys   ir!nsli)ir)  oaiiio  to  s(M' him ;  sonio,  liy 
lliiir  ri'iioi't,  from  a  place  not  less  tiian  1(0  iiiii.s  from  llionco." 


Ill   l(i;W,  a  sIkh'I  \iar  was  oairiod  on  hetwoon  .Miissasoil  ami  Canoninis,  liio, 
.■;;icli''iii  ofil;!' .\.irraj;aiis(  ts,  hut  the    I'.iijrlisli   interli  riiiir  with  a   liirce  iiii(l(  r 

'  d  it   witii    \(r\    lilllo  hloodslii'd.     Afiist^nsoll 


«  11-  ii<   ■■■■••       ' r' ' 

(•  s]>iriteil  CajHaiu  >''t'ii'(lisli,  eiidi( 

ri(jiis  c()iil(st;  i.iid,  as  ii^iial  on  .'\icli  occasions,  chain;'.'( 


III- 


iiaiiK", 
Our 


ivv|M  ( ll  (I  a  s'  ,  ,  _  ,  ,        _ 

;!iid  was  ever  afti  r  known  hy  th  ■  iiaiiie  of  Oirsiniu'ijin'i),  or  Oiiaitiiuijitiii 
liistmical  records  furnish  ikj  {larticniars  of  his  war  w  itii  llie  iS'arraL'ansi  ts,  fur 
tJK  r  diaii  wo  have  stated. 

We  may  infer  fnun  a  litter  written  liy  ]{o<;:(r  II  itliiiiiiii,  that  some  of 
Pliiiidiilli  iiislisraled  .Mitssiisoit,  or  Ousitiiidiiiiii,  as  \\c  siioiiid  now  call  liioi,  to 
liiv  el  iiin  to  Providence,  wliii  li  ji;a\('  tliat  iiond  man  f-niiio  troiihle,  hooiuis",  in 
lliiit  case,  his  lands  were  oonsiilered  as  hi  loiij^iii;^  to  I'linionth,  in  whose  jiiris- 
lot  siillireil  to  resiil(! :  and,  moroovor,  ho  had  honulit  and  paid 
'    -  '■  •'■■■   ''' ' Jt  was  in   ICT)  that  Mr. 


(jictidii  lie  was  IK 

liiraiiiio  possessed,  of  the;   Nan"i'i:anset  sachems .,.- 

to  avoid  hi'iiifr  seized  and  sent  to   |]iii:land.     lie 
liiiiiid  llial  Ciniuni'  I 
(/»('/(,  iiut  hy  his  jireat  exertion 
liiive 
well  ac 
years'  i 
iisIeii'H 


//(7/'Vr»i.9  tied  to  that  country,     ^ 

.1  ii\u\  .MinnlininOinoli  were  at  hilior  onmity    willi  Oiisainc- 
.it  exertions  he  restored  peace,  without  whiidi  In'  could  not 
leeii  seouro,  in  a  horder  of  the  dominion  of  either.     ()itsii.:ir'iii!ii   was 
|uainted   with  Mr.  It  ilHttins,  \\\u>i]i  he  had  often  seen  diirin^r  liis  two 
sidenco  at  IMiiiioiitli,  and  was  a  areat  friend  to  him,  and  tiierellire  ho 
listened  rciidily  to  his  heiievolent  instructions;  givinj?  up  tho  land  in  dispiito 
feiwcen  himself  and  the  jVarrnjranset  saihems,  wliioh  was  tho  island  now 
■  "    '  iJliodo  island,  i'rudonco  Island,  and  perhaps  some  others,  totrellier  w  illi 
And  (says  Mr.  If'illl(i:iis)   I  lu  V(  r  doiiiod  liini,  nor  .)/(«);///)o;ii_(y, 
Jloiieo  their  love  and  attachmont  for  him,  lor 


Clllf  (I    KIK 

I'rovidi  iu( 

uliat!'\('r  they  desired  of  mi 

this  is  tlieir  own  mode  of  li\  iiif^'. 

It  appears  that,  heforo  JlitnliDuinmoIr:;  reverses  of  (ortimo,  ho  had,  hy  soino 
means  or  otiier,  got  possession  of  some  of  tlio  dominious  of  Ousnmvpi'nx. 
I'lir  at  llie  meeting  of  tho  <"oiiimissioners  of  ;!io  I'liited  (.'olonies,  in  the 
aiitiiiiin  of  l(il:{,  thiy  order,  "That  Plymouth  laiior  hy  all  due  means  to  r.storo 

ihorties,  in  resix ct  of  any  ore''oaolinioiits   hy   the 

idiaiis 

10 

and 


ft'oosiiinniiiin  to  his  full  lihorties,  in  respi ct  of  any  oi'e''oaolinioiits  hy  tl 
Naiidlilggansetts,  or  any  otiior  natives;  that  so  tlu"  propi  rlies  of  the  Indiai 
may  he  preserved  to  thomselvos,  and  tiiat  no  one  sagamore  oncroaidi  upon  tl 
rest  as  of  laio  :  atid  that  If'ousiimeqiii)!  lie  nidueod  to  tliosi;  former  terms  ai 

..    - .     I. .  >l ..  I I      1.  !.  .       11   :^ 


I'rreemeiits  hetwoon  iMvmouth  and  him 


I'lKhr  date  KI.'JS,  Civ.  fl'intit 


■op 


ns,  '•  Oivsamekin,  tlio  sachem  of  Acoonie 


iiiei 


k,  on  this  sid(' ( •diiiu'ctioiit,  came  to  [him]  tin    ii-overnor,  and  hrought  a 


|ir(  sent  of  J8  skins  of  hoiucr  from  himself  and  tl 


•hems  of  .Alol 


n-'jaii 


heyond  ("oimocticiit  and  Pakontuckott."  They  having  hoard  that  the  lji;.'.l.-li 
wen;  ahout  to  make  war  ujion  liiom  was  tho  cause  of  their  si  tiding  this 
pnseiit.  Tho  governor  accepted  it,  and  told  Ouc.mcfiuin,  that  if  they  liad  not 
wmiiged  the  llnglish,  nor  Jissisti-d  their  enemies,  they  hail  nothing  to  fear; 
I,  gi\  ing  Idm  a  letti  r  to  tlio  governor  ol"  Connecticut,  dismissed  him  W(  11 


illK 


satislied.f 

111  Kitft,  0«9«mc(/i<m  sold  to  Miles  Slnndish,  and  the  other  inhahitrmts  of 
-Diixhiiry,  "  a  tract*  (if  Inn  1  iisnaily  called  Sftui^hliirkd"  seven  miles  s(piare. 
This  was  Mridgmvater.  It  had  hoon  helliro  granted  to  them,  only,  however,  in 
jirei'inption.  Tli(\y  agreed  to  pay  Oi(fi(t)ncijtn)i  seven  coats,  of  a  yard  and  a 
liiill'  each,  nine  hatchets,  eight  hoes,  twentv  knives,  iimr  moos 


iins 


:iud  ten 


and  a  half  yards  of  (M)tton  (dotii. 

By  a  (\rtH\  hearing  date  !lth  Mtindi,   K).")-'?,  Oiiscmn'iiiin  and  his  son  JfaiiifHtn, 
[ll'iimsulla,]  afterwards  called  .,//c.ra)i'/rr,  sold  to  the  llnglish  of  Plimoiilh  "all 


th 


"vorall  pai 


Is  of  land  lveiii<r  on  the  soiith-easterlv  side  of  Siiikim 


alias  Hehohoth,  hounded  l)y  ;i  litll(>  lirooko  of  water  called  Moskitiiash  W(  slerly, 
and  s(i(;  riming  hy  ti  dead  swamp  eastward,  and  s'le  hy  marked  trees  as  Oiisa- 
miijuin  and  Ifdiiisilto  directed,  unto  the  great  riuer,  and  till  the  meadow  ahouf 


*  Records  of  llie  U.  Colonics. 


t  Journal,  i.  Stil. 


Ill 

1^^ 

md 

iP"'v'** 

d^.u 

p-  >t 

1  ■■{>.; '. 

'^■ri 

>'!\;<;' 

•m 

^k  i 

■5*(f'' 

■%^  'u 

■',* '?•' 

■<.^:.  . 

-<i. 


ff  'W. 

Vti.'s'.li-.. 


vm 


\-A 


28 


MASSASOIT. 


[Hook  II. 


w' 


tho  sitlrs  ofbolli,  jukI  !il)niit  tlm  iipck  rnllcd  riiiicli.-iciist,  iilso  rfip;is<|iiiisli  m  ck, 
iilso  the  iiicjidow  from  ihr  Itay  In  Kcfiniiicuctt,"  <\:f.  l''iir  lliis  llic  fiiii>i(|(  jy^ 
tioii  \v;is  "  DM")  stcrliii;.^." 

H\  a  wiiliiif^' licjiriiij;' (l.'itc  "  this  t\V(  iily-oiu'  ol"  Sc|it('inlM'r,  K!.")/,"  Oiifsainf. 
^ih'h  s,"i_\s,  "  I  /',s'.sv///(c7(/(»  (III  li\  ill!  sc  iircsiiils  ratity  iiiul  allow  llif  .-air  (in 
ccrlaiii  i.-^laiid  called  ( 'licsfwaiiockc,  or  llou^-  Island,  wliicli  my  son  il'nn.siltn 
sold  to  liirlinni  Snn'lli,  itt'  I'ortsmoiitli  in  l{.  I.,  with  my  (•oiiS(  lit,  which  (!((i| 
of  sale  or  l»ar<^uiii  made  the  7th  ol'  l"'el;niary  in  the  year  Jfi.":},  1  do  ralily,  ijv.m 
and  cdnfirm." 

In  !(!")(),  /^)(,'•f'r  Jfilliams  says  that  Oimnmrfpn)),  by  <'iie  of  his  !-;ich( ms, 
"v.asat  ilail_\  find  with  I'lunhaiu  ahoni  llie  title  aiul  lordsiii|)  at'  Warwick;" 
and  that  hostility  was  daily  exiiecled.  Jhit  we  are  not  inl'ormcd  that  an\  ijiii:;- 
sei'ions  took  place. 

This  is  the  year  in  which  it  has  lieen  ^(Mierally  sujjpfised  that  OitSDnicijuin 
died,  l»nt  it  is  an  error  of  Hi(lrliins())i\s  tran<plaiilinf;  tiom  Mr.  HiibhanPs  wmk 
into  his  own.  'J'hat  an  error  slionid  (ionrish  in  so  jiood  a  soil  as  that  of  i|ic 
"History  of  the  Colony  of  iMassachnsi  its  Jiay,"  is  no  wdiider;  I'nt  it  is  ji 
wonder  that  tiie  "accinvUe  Hiitrliliison  "  slienld  .>-(  t  down  that  dale,  J'rem  tiiiit 
passa.i'e  of  the  Indian  Wars,  which  was  e\id(ntly  made  Mithont  nlhclicn. 
It  hcinji'  at  tiiat  time  thonfrht  a  ciiriimstance  of  no  conse(|neiice. 

That  tlie  sachem  of  Pol;anok(  t  shonid  lie  scarcely  known  to  our  r(~c(>nl.-; 
helwci  M  jlii")?  and  Kitij,  a  ^  pace  of  oidy  aliout  three  yeai's,  as  we  have  shown. 
is  not  very  snrpi-isinjf,  when  we  r;  llect  thai  he  was  entirely  snhserx  ieiit  1<t  thi! 
I''n,i;lisli,  and  nearly  or  (piite  all  of  his  lands  lieiiif,'  li(>t'ore  disposed  olj  or  jjivcn 
tip  to  them.  Tiiis,  tliere|(>re,  is  a  |)lain  reason  why  we  do  not  meet  with  his 
name  to  diieds  and  oilier  instriiments.  And,  besides  this  consideration,  anotlicr 
sacJKMii  ^vas  kno\\n  to  lie  a.-sociated  with  him  at  the  Hiriiu  r  period,  wliosci ms 
to  have  acted  as  ()i!.<!itm((]ui)i\'!  rejiresi  ntalive. 

lie  was  alive  in  KKil,  and  as  lale  in  that  y(\ar  as  Se])trmber.*  8e\('iiil 
inonlhs  previous  to  this,  ())iik'>,  with  about  seventy  men,  fell  upon  a  d(  li  iicc- 
less  town  within  the  dominions  of  Ousum<(}vvi,  killiiiir  tliro(!  persons,  and  car- 
lyin^  away  si.\  ollieiv;  caplivi;.  lie  r()mi)laiiie(l  to  the  (leneral  ('oiirt  (if 
3Ia.ssaciiu.s(;ttV,  wiiicli  interfered  in  his  beliall",  and  the  matter  was  somi 
settled,  t 

l-'rom  the  "  Relation"  of  Dr.  /.  Mathr,  it  is  clear  that  he  liv( d  until  ICCJ 
His  words  are,  ".'7/(.r7):r/(;-beiii<f  dead,  |haviii<j  died  in  Kiti^,]  his  brother  P/uVi)), 
of  lat(!  cursed  memory,  ros(;  up  in  his  stead,  and  lie  ^vas  no  sooner  styled 
Haclieiii,  but  immediately,  in  the  year  1()<1'2,  there  were  vehement  su.spicioiisoi' 
his  bloody  treacliery  auainst  the  Fiiifflish."  J 

lleiiee,  !!s  we  do  not  hear  of  ,<ll(X(inihr  as  saclieni  until  lGb'2,  Avliich  is  also 
the  y(>ar  of  his  death,  it  is  fair  to  conclude  that  lie  could  not  have  been  lonjr  in 
ollie(!  at  the  time  of  his  death  ;  nor  could  ho  have  been  styled  "rhi<;f  Kaclani" 
until  alter  the  (l(\'itli  of  his  Ijither. 

Whether  jMa.fsri.ioit  had  more  than  two  sons,  is  not  certain,  although  it  is 
conlidently  believiMJ  that  he  had.  It  is  ))robable  that  his  laniily  was  larac  A 
comiiany  of  soldiers  from  IJridjjtwvater,  in  a  skirmish  with  Philip,  took  lii.s 
sister,  and  killed  a  brother  of  Oit.idmajin'n,  avIios(!  name  was  Unkoinpodi,^  or 
Mkompoin.  ||  That  he  had  another  brother,  called  (^iiadcquina,  lias  bcdi 
mentioned. 

(jov.  fCinfhrnp  i:\vcs  the  following  anecdote  of  Ov.tameojtin.  As  IMr.  Ed- 
tcnrd  U  inshic  was  r  turniiifr  from  a  tradiiifj  voyai,'esoutlnvar(!,  liaviiin'  lel't  liis 
vessel,  he  tivneii'd  home  by  land,  and  in  the  way  stopped  with  his  old  fiicml 
*l/«S5«,s'o(7,  who  aj^reed  to  accompany  him  the  rest  of  the  way.  In  the  nican 
time,  OiLfftmequin  sent  one  of  his  men  forward  to  Plimouth,  to  surprise  llic 
peojile  with  the  news  of  iMr  /fuL^/oic's  death.  ]{y  his  manner  of  relatiiij>'  it, 
and  the  jiarticnlar  circmiistances  attendiiiir,  no  oni;  doubted  of  its  truth,  aii(l 
every  one  was  grimed  and  iiiounitui  exceedingly  at  their  great  loss.    Hut 


*  t^'imc  records  wliicli  !\Ir.  Unis^iH  coiisnllcd  in  |ircpniing'  liis  I/i.slonjol'  Alllelioroiigli,  led 
him  lo  coiH'Iml';  llml  Md.ssa.'ini/  dicil  previous  to  .Fniic,  KKiO. 

t  ()ri;;iii:d  nuimism):!  dor  luncnls.  Tlio  |i;\rti('iilars  of  lliese  niallcr'^  will  bt;  given  al  lurgc^ 
when  wo  eoiiie  lo  treat  of  the  life  of  f'licii.t. 

t  Kclatioii,  72.  ^  /.  Mather,  U.  ||  Church,  38,  edit.  Ho. 


»  C,r-lrtttnf,    Co 


;fe.-. 


Chap.  H  ] 


EXPEDITION  AGAINST  CAUMUTANT. 


20 


iiirsi'iitly  tlit'V  ^v(M•n  !is  iniicli  siirpi'iscd  !it  scriii^^  iiiin  coiniiin'  in  coiiiiiiiiiy 
\\\\\i  ()ii,'<(im((jiiin.  W'licii  il  wiis  kiiowii  !mi(>ii;r  liir  |i((i|:|i'  llint  the  sjicliciii 
lijul  si'iit  tliis  Ui'ws  U)  thcMi.  tlii'V  (l('iii;iii(l('(l  \\  liy  lie  ^lioiilil  (liiis  drccivc  lliciii. 
He  ii'idicil  tliiit  il  was  to  make  liiiii  tlic  more  wi'lconic  w  licii  iu!  did  ri'tiirii, 
iiiid  lliat  lliis  was  a  ciistniii  of  his  |ir(iiili'. 

One  ol'tlic  most  rciinwiicd  caiilaiiis  within  the  (hniiiiiioiis  (ti\Mfis!iiis(>il  wtia 
CaiMUTant,"  whosi'  rcsiih'rcc  was  at  a  jdarc  ciilicd  Alillitpn'^'il,  in  ilu; 
iiri  M'nt  tdwn  (li'Swiiiiscy.  His  character  was  much  the  same'  as  that  of  llio 
IhiiKiiis  .l/(/«'o'/"'.  'The  I'Ji^lish  were  always  viewed  h\  him  a.s  i/ilrudi'iis 
anil  I'liemics  of  Lis  race,  and  th.ere  is  little  d()id)t  hut  lie  inlended  to  wrest 
the  cnnnfi'V  ont  (iCtlieii-  hands  on  the  tifsl  o|ij)(ii'tiinity. 

In  Aiijiiist,  \{)'I\,  ('(tunhUdiil  was  si!|t|io>ed  to  he  in  the  iiiti'i-<'st  (iflhe  \nr- 
riiaai:-i't'^>  '"I'l  plottini.'  with  liiem  to  o\erthi-nw- .1Af,v,sv/."0:7 ;  and,  hein::-  at 
Niiinasket  scekini.%  Miy  the  I'ilviinis,  "to  draw  the  heaits  of  .lA/.w/Moy/'.v  sid)- 
jccts  lioin  liim  ;  s|i(!akiii;;' also  (lisd.iin'nlly  oi'ns,  storhMii.i;' at  the  peace  iie- 
twceii  Naiiset,  (.'iimma(|nid  and  lis,  and  at  l'ls(iiim'Jitm,  \\ii'  worker  ol"  it; 
j;ls()  at  Ti)l<ni>iali(!mo)i,  ;\\n\  one  l{(tlit)iii()!,,  (\\\i>  liuliaiis  or  l.emes,  one  of 
uliicli  he  would  treachei'onsly  ha\('  iiinrdered  alillle  helln-e,  lirinir  a  spicial 
riiil  tiiisty  man  of  Mtusaxoi/rs:)  Tokumdliitmon  went  to  him,  hiil  the  other 
Iwi)  w:iiild  not ;  yet  put  till  ir  lives  in  their  hands,  pri\ale'y  W(Mt  to  see  if 
tlicv  could  iK'fif  of  their  kii;?;',  and,  lod'.inir  at  iNaniaschet,  were  dicovered  to 
f'miliiitrint,  who  set  a  <;nar(l  to  heset  the  house,  and  took  Ti.-i(jU/inlvii;,{i\>y  ho 
liiid  said,  if  he  wero  d(!ad,  tlio  I'ln^dish  had  lost  their  tonjiiie.)  Hohhfnnol:  see- 
iiifrtl.at  Timiiianlitri  \\;\fi  taken,  and  Coiil/atdiil  held  [hohliiM;]  a  ki.i;e  at  his 
liicast,  hcin;.''  a  stronji' and  stont  man,  iirake  Ironi  them,  and  came  to  i\ew  I'li- 
niDiitii,  tiill  offtsaraini  sorrow  for  yi.viiiiiiil urn,  \\\t<'tii  he  iiion^ht  to  he  ;  lain." 

I'jion  this  the  I'limontli  people  si  lit  an  e.\|)edition,  imder  Slandisli,  of  14 
iiii'ii.f  "  and  Hohhamok  (or  their  iiiiid(>,  to  rcvciiire  the  i-iip|iosed  death  of 
Tisqnitnlum  on  Couhtiant  our  hitter  enemy,  and  to  retain  J\'('i<ii)J\  another 
su'iiein,  or  jcovcrnor,  who  was  of  this  conli'deracy,  till  we  heard  what  was 
lici'diiie  of  our  friend  jMassasni/t." 

Alter  iniicli  toil,  the  little  army  arrived  near  the  |ilace  they  expected  to  find 
Cdunhildnl,  "  JJel<)re  we  came  to  the  town  (says  the  narrator)  wc  s;cf  down 
iiiiil  lat  sncli  as  onr  knapsacks  alforded  ;  that  heiiifi  dont>,  wi;  threw  thein 
asiile,  and  all  such  things  as  mii:l;t  liind"r  i!s,  and  so  wei",  on  a.nd  heset  tlni 
lioiise,  accordin<r  to  onr  last  resolution.  Those  that  entered,  demanded  if 
('oi/f,Y.7«)i/ wiM'e  not  there  ;  hut  fi'ar  had  lierelt  the  sa\af2cs  of  speech.  Wo 
(■ii;ir<;eil  them  not  to  stir,  lor  li'  Coitbdtanl  were  not  there,  we  would  not  med- 
illi'  with  lliem  ;  if  In;  ^v(M•e,  we  cami^  jirincipally  l()r  him,  to  bo  avenged  on 
liiiii  flir  the  snp|tos('d  death  of  TiV/imjj/jrw,  iini  other  matters:  but  liowso- 
ovi'r,  we  would  not  -t  all  JiMit  their  women  or  children.  Notwithstandinir, 
mine  of  them  pre«S(,  jiit  at  a  privat<'  door,  and  escaped,  hut  with  sonio 
woim's.  At  leiiith  P'erceivin^  onr  |irii;ci|'i  1  eids,  they  told  iis  ('ouliutnnt 
wv.s  returned  [home]  with  all  his  train,  and  that  Tis(jvdiilitm  was  yet  li\  injr, 
!ii;i  <>  t|i(!  town  ;  [llion]  ofltrinj^  somo  tohacco,  [and]  other,  such  as  th(;y 
lull   III  eat." 

'  I  this  hiirhy  liiirley,  (as  they  call  it,)  two  <rnns  won;  fired  "at  random," 
til  the  j.reat  terror  of  all  lint  Srjuanto  and  Tohnmahamon,  "  who,  lhonj:h  llioy 
k  i(  \v  1  ot  onr  end  in  coniinj.'',  yi't  assured  them  [so  fii<;iiten(!d]  of  onr  honesty, 
[f  ml]  that  wo  would  i'«)t  hint  them."  The  Indian  hoys,  seeinj;-  the  sipiaws 
]  nitected,  cried  out,  JVccnsqnttes !  JVcensquncs !  that  is,  /  am  a  sijmtio !  1  tnn  a 
biliiair !  and  the  wtnnen  tried  to  screen  lliemsolvos  in  JIobom()!:\i  presenco, 
n'liiiiidinu-  him  that  ho  was  their  friend. 

Tl  is  attack  I'poii  a  del('i:c<  less  hoi:so  was  n:ado  r.t  midiii^ht,  a,  id  must 
have  hei-n  teriihl(>,  in  an  ii;r(  i  ceiv.-d  le  de}.i(e,  to  its  ii  ii  ;,t(  s,  espcci:  lly  iho 
MHiiul  oftlu!  I'iii^lisli  f!iii's,  which  lew,  if  any  of  them,  had  ever  heard  helbro. 
'J'lie  lehitor  jiiocceds :  "IJntto  ho  t;liort,  wo  kept  them  wo  had,  and  mi.do 
tlitiiii  muke  il  (ire  tlmt  wo  niijilit  sec  to  scaroli  the  lionso ;  in  the  nioanlinic, 

*  Cii-h'idiif,  Coitbatant,  niid  Conbitan'.,  were  will's  of  wriliiig  liis  name  also,  hy  liis  con 
U'ni|iiirniii's, 
t  Ten,  suys  tlio  Uolalion. 

3* 


■i  *',"'i,'nir>.  II 


.■■ii:i 


'?& 


i'm 


mm 

'  1,.  ....l._,^ 


■'  ■.(^  ■"'ii 


•;;i^''' 


mMw 


' '; -'i  ■;f"".!'!3 
■■'?"t 


If';;*:,. 


30 


TREATY  WITH  TIIK  INDIANS. 


[Hook  II 


Ilohhftmok  <:nX  on  tlio  top  dftlic  lioiisc,  ;uul  cnllcd  Thiptnntiivi   nnc 


1   Ti>h 


hai, 


'rin'V  soon  cniiM',  \\\\\,   soinc   ollnTs  \\\\\\    tlniti,  .'«iiii(^   iirimd 


others  naked.     'I'lie  riiii'lisli  took  nwfiv  the  liovis  .-ind  jirrows  from  tliose  || 
were  nrnii'd,  lint  jji-on-if^ed  to  retnni  tlieni  iis  soon  iis  it  \v;is  diiy,  wliicli  tln.^ 
}irol)nl)ly  did. 

'J'liey  kejit  possession  oCtlic  c.'iiitured  \viy\\iiiii  nntil  diivliiflit,  \\]u'\\  ili,., 
rc'viisi'd  their  prison, 'cs,  iind  n:aich<'d  int.)  the  town  (;is  they  eall  il)  of  il,i. 
N.nniiskets.  Here,  it  !ip|ie!irs,  Sijutmlo  liad  a  hoi:se,  to  which  they  uert,;,ii| 
t  )ok  hfeakliisi,  and  liehl  a  eoiii't  Jilterward,  liDni  whicii  tiiey  issued  l()iih  i|,,. 
foMo>\  iiifr  decree  a;.'jrnist  ('(nmhilttiit : — 

"  'I'iiither  eaine  all  whose  hearts  werc^  iipri^rjit  towards  ns,  hut  all  Ciiuhc.. 
/rtH/'.f  IJK'tion  were  fled  away.  Tliere  in  the  midst  of  Iheni  \\e  nianili'sii,! 
!i":aiii    onr   intendnnMit,   ;issin'inir  them,   that,   idlhoii'ih    Couhltniil   had   ikiw 


vsr 


iped 


IS,  ^■et  there  was  no  place  slionid  secure  him  and  his  lioni  ns,  if  Ik 


continned    his  threatiMiinu'   ns,  and    prinokinir  others  ai:aiiist   ns,  who  h; 
kindiv  entertaiiuMi  him,  and  i:evei-  intended  evil  towards  him  till    he  tn 


l\V   Ml 


iir- 


*  Fmm  !\fonrl .  vt  siipni ,  [\w\  siiriicd  only  willi  tlio  r.TpLil  lolirr /I,  wliit h  is  nip|-^<('( 
stniid  for  fsiiitc  Allfrton,  who  arccuiipniiiml  Standis'i  pcrliapf.  P'roin  llic  use  of  the  ),.uiii 
in  tlic  first  person,  tlio  willcr,  whoever  lie  was.  must  have  been  present 

t  See  chuplcr  i.  of  b.  ii. 


justly  deserved  it.  Moreover,  if. V^w.w.foy  did  not  return  in  safety  Iroin  N 
rohiir^faiiset,  or  if  hereafter  he  slioidd  make  any  insin'rcH'tion  ajrifmst  him,  or 
oiler  violence  to  Ti.'i<jii(inliini,  Hohomok,  or  any  of  MnsttnaojiVs  .snl)iecis,  \vi 
woidd  revenue  it  upon  him,  ti  tiie  overthrow  of  him  and  his.  As  lor  tiiosi' 
[who]  \vere  wounded,  [how  infiny  is  not  mentioned.]  we  were  sorry  lor  it. 
tiionjih  themselves  jirocnred  it  in  not  stayin;^  in  the  house  at  onr  eominaml; 
yet,  if  they  would  return  home  with  us,  our  surf:eon  shoidd  heal  them.  At 
this  otl"er  one  man  and  a  woman  that  were  wounded  ^vimt  liome  with  us, 
Tinquitnlxim  and  many  other  known  friends  aecompanyinji;  ns,  ami  otlirinL' 
nil  help  that  nii^dit  he  hy  carriajro  of  any  thiiiir  \,e  had  to  ease  us.  So  ihjit 
by  (iod's  <.i-ood  providfMicc  we  safely  returned  home  the  inoriow  night  altir 
we  set  (brth."  * 

Notwithslandiiifr  these  roiiiili  jtassafrcs,  Cfnmbitnnt  Iteramc  in  appearance 
reconciled  to  the  i'n^lish,  and  on  the  IHth  Sept.  followiiifr  (Ki'il)  wciit  t(i 
Plimoiith  and  signed  a  treaty  oi'amity.  It  was  throngli  tlii;  intercession  of 
Mn.sm.ioil  that  he  became^  again  reconciled,  hut  the  l''nglisli  always  douhfcd 
Ills  siiieerity,  as  most  |)rol)al)ly  tli«iy  had  reason  to.  The  treaty  or  snbmissiiiii 
was  in  these  words  : — 

"  Know  all  men  by  these;  presents,  that  wn  whoso  names  arc  Tinderwritton, 
do  acknowledije  oiu'selves  to  b(;  the  royal  sid)jects  of  King  JffW'.';,  king  of 
Great  Riit.-.iii,  France  and  Irelfii::!.  deli-nder  of  the  iiiiih,  &c.  Jn  witness 
whereoliand  as  a  testimonial  of  the  same,  we  have  subscribed  our  names,  or 
marks,  as  lolloweth: — 

OnquABTEiiui),         Nattawahunt,         QuADAqt  i.\a, 

CaWNACOMK,  (^AUMiATANT,  1  IUTT.MOinKi\ 

ObBATINNUA,  CllIKKATABAK,  Al'A.N.NOW." 

Of  some  of  these  sachems  imthing  is  known  l)eyoml  this  transtictioi),  jir.il 
of  ethers  very  little. 

Ohbniinvn  is  hup|;ose(l  to  have  h(!eii  sachem  of  Sliawniiit,  wliere  Ikistuii 
now  stands. 

Cdicnnrome  and  ./Ipnnnow  may  l)e  the  same  b(!(bre  spoken  of  as  Conernnam 
and  EfHtnoir,  though  i  am  rath(>r  of  opinion  that  Jlpannnw  means  Jl.ipiiirl  of 
Nimset.f  A'ltltmvalmnt  we  shall  again  meet  w  i;li,  luider  the;  name  A'aslioonon. 
Coneconam  was  s.ich'  m  oi' Manomet,  on  Cape  Cod. 

When,  in  the  winter  of  1(K;},  the  Englisli  traversed  the  cntnitry  to  triuic 
with  the  Indians  for  corn,  they  visited  him  among  other  chiefs;  who,  tlun' 
say,  "  it  seemed  was  of  good  respect,  nnd  authority,  amongst  llie  Ii;(li,ii;«. 
For  w  hilst  the  governor  was  there,  w  ithin  night,  in  bitter  cold  weath(>r,  ciinii; 
two  men  lioni  Mananioyck,  before  spoken  olj  and  having  set  aside  their  bows 


I  to 
|,.uiiuua 


rinp- 


II] 


r.M  .M'.nANT. 


31 


mill  (iiiivfi's,  arronliiip  to  llirir  iiiMiiior,  siit  down  liy  tlio  fire,  and  took  a  \.\\<(} 
ofiolcici'o,  not  iisiiif:  any  uonis  in  iliiif  I'mic,  nor  any  otiicr  to  llicni,  Imt  nil 
rrtiiaincil  silnit,  cxiicclin;:  wlicn  tlicy  uonid  f-pi'iik.  At  It'iijilli  iIh'v  lookcid 
iiiwuid  CiDiitniiii ;  iind  ont' ot'tlicni  nitidc  a  sliort  siicccli,  and  drlivcrcd  ii 
nrt'si'Mt  to  liini,  I'roiM  liis  sacliini,  uliicli  was  a  liaskct  ot'  tol)!irc<>,  and  many 
Ih'.'kIs,  wliicli  tli<'  otlitT  rt'ccivcd  tliankt'iilly.  Alter  w  hicli  lir  iiiadc  a  long 
s|ii.(mIi  to  liini,"  tli(!  ni(  anini,'  of  uliicli  Hohomuk  said  was,  tlint  two  of  their 
iiicii  liH  out  in  a  <iain(S  "  for  tlicy  nsc  j;amin;r  <is  nnicli  as  «ny  lien',  and 
will  lila\  anay  all,  even  tiii'ir  skin  from  ilicir  backs,  yi-a  tlicir  wivc's  skins 
jilsii,"  and  "HI'  killed  the  olln'r.  Thai  the  min'ilerer  was  a  powow,  'one  of 
stirrinl  note  amongst  them,"  and  one  whom  they  did  not  like  to  |»art  with; 
\rl  tlii'V  were  threatened  with  war,  if  tin  y  did  tint  kill  the  nnn-derer.  That, 
ihiTi'tiiVe,  their  saeliem  deferred  aelinir  until  the  adviee  of  i'oiievonani  WUH 
lirst  niitained. 

At'ler  eonsidtinj;  with  this  ehief,  and  some  ol'his  head  men,  these  messeri- 
i.ri'is  ili'sired  //o/jf*n(o/r's  JMili;nient  ujion  the  nuilter.  With  some  deli'renco 
lie  n'|ilieil,  that  "  he  thoM.'flit  it  was 'letter  that  oik!  should  die  than  irany, 
siiire  lie  had  desi'rved  it;"  "whi'ren|ion  he  jiassed  the  seiiteiiee  of  deaili 
111)011  him." 

\\V  shall  have  occasion  ajrain  to  notice  this  chief,  at  whose  lionso  the  first 
act  of  a  tra;:ic  sc(!ue  was  acted,  which  in  its  course  liroiijiht  ruin  npoii  its 
pnijci'tors. 

VVlien  Mr.  Edward  IVinslow  and  Mr.  Jolni  Hamden  wont  to  visit  Mftsstisoit 
in  liis  sii'kiiess,  in  Ki'JM,  they  heard  hy  some  Indians,  w  hen  la-ar  CaunhidinCs 
resilience,  that  Mnssnsoit  was  really  dead  :  they,  thereliire,  tlion;rh  with  miicli 
licsitiition,  ventnred  to  Lis  honse,  lio|)inj,f  they  mifiht  treat  with  him,  lie  heing 
lliin  tlionght  the  sncressor  of  Ahsmsoit.  Hut  he  was  not  at  home.  'I'lu; 
si]iia\v  sachem,  his  wife,  neated  them  with  <:reat  kindness,  and  l(>arninir  here 
{\\;\[  Mnssdsoit  was  still  alive,  they  mad(>  all  haste  to  l*oka:ioket.  When  they 
ri'tiuMcd,  they  ttaid  al'  iii^ht  with  C(iunl)ili(nt,nX  his  iionse,  who  accomjiaiiied 
tliciii  there  from  j\Ia.is"m{l\f. 

Mr.  H'ins'ow  i';ives  ..^e  iicconnt  in  these  words: — "That  niiilit,  throtifrii  the 
rnnii'st  recinest  of  Conhnlnnt,  who,  till  now,  remained  at  Sowajuns,  or 
I'uckaiiokick,  w(!  lodired  with  liim  at  IMattajinyst.  Hy  the  way,  I  had  mnch 
roiifi'reiice  with  him,  so  likewise  at  his  honse,  he  beiiifr  a  notahh;  ])elitieiaii, 
yet  liiil  of  merry  jests  and  s(inil)s,  and  never  better  pleased  than  when  the 
like  are  returned  aj'-ain  upon  him.  Amonrst  otiier  thin;is  he  asked  me,  if  in 
case  he  were  thus  daiiL'erously  sick,  as  .Masmtsoit  had  biKMi,  and  should  stMid 
word  liiereof  to  Patuxet,  lor  riwsliicst*  [that  is,  physic,]  whether  their  master 
iroveriior  would  send  it;  and  if  he  woi  Id,  whether  1  would  come  therewith 
to  liiiii.  To  both  which  I  answered,  yea  ;  whereat  he  jrave  me  many  joyful 
tliaiiks."  HiMhen  expressed  his  surprise  that  two  Kn^lishmen  shoidd  ud- 
veiitiiri!  so  iiir  idone  into  their  coimtry,  and  asked  them  if  they  were,  not 
afraid.  iVir.  Wlns'ow  said,  "where  was  true  love,  there  was  no  fear."  "Hut," 
said  ('(ninh:l(tnt,  '■'■  if  yovr  lore  he  .wh,  and  it  hrititi:  forth  such  fruits,  how  rnmelh 
it  to  pass,  that  when  we  come  to  I'atu.ret,  ijou  stand  ujion  your  iritard,  with  the 
month  of  your  i)i(ces  prrstvtcd  towards  u.^'.^"  l\lr.  fyins'.ow  told  him  that  was  a 
Ti.ark  of  resjiect,  and  i hat  they  received  their  best  friends  in  that  manner; 
iiiit  to  this  he  shook  his  head,  and  answered,  that  he  did  not  like  such  salu- 
talioi:s.  t 

When  Cannhitant  saw  his  visitors  crave  a  blessing  before  eating,  and 
return  thanks  aiterwards,  he  desired  to  know  what  it  neaiit.  "Hereupon  1 
took  occasiori  (says  our  author)  to  tell  ihem  of  (lod's  works  of  creation  und 
lireservatinn,  of  the  laws  and  ordinanees,  especially  of  the  ten  oominaiid- 
monts."  They  (bund  no  particular  fai;lt  with  the  commandments,  except 
the  seventh,  but  said  there  wiM'e  many  inconveniences  in  that  a  man  should 
1)(!  lied  III  one  woman.     Aliout  \\hiih  they  reasoned  a  good  while. 

When  Ml".  }yins\ow  explained  th(!  goodness  cd'd'od  in  bestowing  on  them 
all  their  comlbrls,  and  that  liir  this  rttason  they  thanked  :ind  blessed   him, 


*  111  WiU'nms's  Key.  Mn.tkH  U  Irini  liinl.  '■  (Jlvp  mi"  somu  |)hysic." 
t  Uuod  News  Iroin  N.  Eiiglami,  Coit.  Mass.  llist.  Sue. 


,  1  , .  ;\'' 


^' 


'f.' 


irVAl 


''  •  Al 


'^1 

il 

1    "^Jli 

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32 


WlTTUWAMirr— FM'.KSLiOT. 


[Hook  II 


»■■'  (•>" 


mm 


"lliis  nil  oftlioni  ooiicliuh  d  tc»  lie  vciy  veil;  niid  s.'iiil  llicy  liclicvril  Jiliiist 
nil  llic  MiiiK-  tjiiii^'s,  iiiul  iIdiMIic  stiriic  I  mwcr  lluit  we  cidl  d'dd  llif\  i  j.llui 
Kiililitn."  "  llnr  \\v  rcii  .■liicd  (iiily  tliiit  iii<;lit,  Idit  in-vcr  liud  Ijcttcr  iiiUr- 
taiiM.ciit  iui:<iii;'>t  (iiiy  <il  ll.i'iii." 

W  hilt  l)('ciiii:i'  of  this  chief  is  iiiikiiouii.  His  iiimic  !iii|)('iiriiifr  ii<»  iimhi  ii, 
our  n  <'(irds,  hiids  lis  to  sii|;;i»is('  lluit  he  rilhcr  (led  his  ((iiiitiv  on  tin-  ii.iir. 
i\vr  i\\'  fl  illiiinimct,  Pclisiiot,  and  (itiicrs,  or  lliat  lir  <lit'd  ;iln)nl  ihut  tiirc. 

Wi'i'Tt  «  AMKT  \\;iS  11  M(iys(irliiis(>Ifs  cliici;  is  \Mis  his  r(:iii|i!ii,i<)ii  /"</.. i.y,/, 
lint  llii'ir  |)aili('iilar  rcsidciicr  lias  not  hccn'  assif.'iM'(l.  ft  ilhnrnmit  ^^a^  a  ilis- 
jx'ialc  and  hold  li'llow,  and,  like  most  otli<  r  warriors,  dfiiLJitrd  in  sIk  iliiiri; 
till'  hlood  of  his  I'licnrn's.  It  is  not  iiii|irohal)lc  hut  that  he  hccann-  t'M;s|(i. 
atcd  a^ain^t  tli<<  I'lniilish  from  the  many  aliiiscs  some  of  them  had  |irai  li  id 
u|i<iii  his  I'oiiiitrymin.  'I'hiswili  account.  |icilia|'s,  (or  all  the  severity  m.,! 
inalij;nity  |;oitiayed  liy  the  lid'eliitiiers  in  his  character,  lie  was  one  ol  ihor, 
they  .-ay,  w  ho  nmrdered  scire  of  the  cren  ot' the  I''rcnch  ship,  cast  i.wir, 
nj)oii  ("ape  ("od,  as  ViC  have  hclbre  mentioned. 

Thai  It'illiiinniirl,  Pcli.wdl,  and  some  otiii'r  chiefs,  intended  to  have  iVcril 
their  country  of  intruders  in  the  year  Ki'^'M,  there  <'an  lie  mo  donht,  and  in  iv- 
latinjr  the  rise,  jirotress  ni:d  termination  of  their  leatne  to  etll-ct  ihi.s  ohjcci, 
we  shall,  to  avoid  the  charjie  of  partiality,  adhere  closely  to  the  record, 

\\'e  have  heliire,  in  ^pc,^kinl,'•  of  ('(tinunim,  or  ('oiicroiiitm,  mentioned  tjic 
voya;:e  of  the  uiivernor  of  I'iimoiith  to  that  sachem's  country  to  tiade  Im- 
c<irii ;  that  was  ill  .lai'iiary,  Ifi'.'M.  iVot  hein'r  ahle  to  Itiiiifr  away  all  he  ili. 
tallied, ( 'aptaiii  J/i'/fs  Slnnd'sli  wtx-^  sent  the  next  month  to  take  it  to  IMiii.iiiitli, 
also  to  purchase  more  at  the  same  jilace,  hut  he  did  not  meet  with  v<'i'y  ii  id 
HM-eption,  which  led  liim  to  apprehend  there  was  mischief  at  hand.  Aid 
immediately  after,  while  at  ('()iuroii<ii)t\<i  house  with  two  or  three  ot  his  c(,ii|. 
pany,  "  ill  .•ame  two  of  tin;  iMassachnsetts  mt  ii.  'I'lie  chief  of  th.em  \\ii< 
called  H'itlutrnvKil,  a  noialili-  insiiltin;r  villain,  one  who  had  (ormerly  imhriicil 
liis  hands  in  the  hlood  of  J'.njilish  and  l''reiich,  and  had  olt  lioasled  of  lis 
own  valor,  and  derided  their  weakness,  es|iecially  hecanse,  as  he  said,  thcv 
died  cryiiif.!-,  making:  sour  fiices,  more  like  children  than  men.  'J'his  \ill;iiii 
took  a  dai.'<;er  ii-om  ahont  his  neck,  which  he  had  f;otteii  of  jAIaster  ft'tnlon's 
jieojile,  and  presented  it  to  the  sachem,  [Coiuronniii,]  and  after  made  a  Imi;! 
spr-eeh  in  an  audacious  manner,  framin*;-  it  in  sncli  sort  as  the  captain,  th(iiii:li 
]i(!  lie  the  best  liii^'iiii-t  amon^^  ns,  could  not  jjather  any  ihiiifr  from  it.  'liic 
Olid  of  it  was  allerwards  discovered  to  he  as  lollowcth.  'I'he  JNIassrclii- 
sciicks  (lirmerly  ronclnded  to  ruinate  Mr.  fi'vston^s  colony;'  and  thoiii;li! 
themselves,  heinji'  about  ;J0  or  40  men,  stroiifr  ei.oiij;.':  to  execute  the  saiiic; 
yet  they  durst  not  attempt  it,  till  sncli  time  as  they  had  j.allier( d  ii oiv 
stnMi^th  to  themselves,  to  make  their  party  f;ood  a;:iiinst  ns  at  l*liii.oi:ili; 
conclndiiijr  that  if  we  remained,  thoiirh  they  had  iio  other  ar<.'iii;ei;ts  to  i>i' 
njrainst  ns,  \et  vvc  would  never  leave  the  dealli  of  vuv  conntrymen  i  iiii- 
von<red  ;  and  lhtr(>(bie  their  safety  could  not  he  witi  ont  the  overthrow  of 
both  plantations.  'I'o  this  end  they  had  (ormerly  solicited  this  sac  he  m,  ;.-^ 
also  t!io  other,  called  laiwiigh,  mul  many  cihcis,  to  assist  them;  ai.d  ikiw 
nfraiii  came  t()  jircsc cute  the  same;  and  since  there  was  to  (iiir  nu  o|  poitii- 
jfity  oflere<l  hy  the  cajitain's  isresence,  tliey  thoii<^.ht  best  to  n.ake  sun;  of  l.iiii 
and  his  company.'' 

Conccoiunn,  alter  this  spoecli,  treated  Slandish  with  neglect,  aid  was  vciv 
iiartial  to  /rj7/i/irr;mf/,  which  n;i;cli  incrciised  tin  jcalonsy  of  tl  e  h  i  n  ir. 
These  Indians  meantime  contrived  to  kill  i-.tnndish,  having!  cinplov(  d  a  "li>tv 
Indian  of  I'aomi't  "  to  execute  the  |;lan.  The  weather  was  sevcreh  c(  Id, 
an<l  Slamlish  ledj^cd  on  shore  at  nif:ht,  and  this  was  the  time  he  wjis  to  I  nvu 
lieeii  killed.  IJiit  the  extreme  coldness  of  the  i.i{;ht  kejit  him  trom  -lcc|  in.", 
and  thus  Ik;  avoided  a,ssassii;iitioii. 

W'e  have  liiid  occasion,  in  the  life  ci'  Mafsaroif,  to  mention  that  tl  ■•  t  clicl 
liad  been  solicited  to  eiif.'ai:!'  in  this  confederacy,  and  o*  his  chaii  iiMv  I'clotrjik 
to  warn  the  Kn^lish  ol' it.  The  peo|  le  et  tl  e  |  1;  ccs  li  n  (  d  )it  tl  f  t  tine  hy 
M(iss(tso:t,  as  in  the  plot,  were  Nais(  t,  P;  en  ct,  Pi  ceonet,  AlaltJ  el  iest,  Mt.t  n- 
inet,  Aiciwaywam,  i  i  (1  the  hUrd  ei'  Capawi ck,  "'J'lueloie,  (>,v\s  !\Ir. 
IVinslow  in  Lis  Rclutioi;,)  as  we  respected  llic  lives  ol"  our  couhtryn.eii  ai.d 


i^:;n 


rii  Ar- 


il] 


\vrrn;\vAMi:T— WHS  IONS  colony. 


C3 


oiir  own  s 


nfi'ty,  lu'  iuhiscil  us  to  Ivil!  llic  iii;ii  uTM; 


liiiM't,  wlio  were  ll. 


milliiiiH  ( 


t"  lliis  intciidcd   iniM'hirl!     And  w  licrciis  we  wcri'  wont   to  cjiv.  wo 


J, 


Id  not  strike  ii    stnikc   till    tliry   lii>t    hi'irfiii,  li;  siid  lie,   [Mi 


//. 


(lIllllllO. 


it.inmuil  U) 
i|ii)ii  tliis  int<'lli:;fM(T,  llicy  ii,iik<'  lliiit  (in>\\fi',  tell  tlinn,  wlicii 
llicirciinntniiMMi  at  \\  iclia^iisciissct  an'  killcil,  llii'v  not  ln'injr  ahh-  tn  dricnd 
tlit'iiis  hfs,  lliat  tlicii  it  vtill  lie  too  laic  ti)  recover  tiieir  lives,"  and  it  v,  oiild 
Im' willi  dillli'ully  liial  iliey  |<re>,'r\ed  their   own;  "and   tli(!r(;!b;('    In;    eoini- 

si'lleii,  >\iilii"i'  '''■'•'>>'" '"'^^' "^^"y  die   |)riiK'iimls,  and  then   the   plot  uoidd 

»t 
cease. 

Mcainvhiic  ffrxlon^a  men  had  lidlcii  into  a  inisernbh:  and  wretched  condi- 
jjdii;  some,  to  jirocnre  a  daily  sustenance,  hecanie  servants  t(»  the  Indians, 
"lltchinir  them  wood  and  water,  (\e.,  and  all  tiir  a  meal's  meat."  'i'hose 
who  \V(  "e  thus  dejiraded,  were,  ot' eonrse,  only  a  il'WV.'io  iiad  ai.andoned 
tluMiselves  to  riot  and  dissijuition,  hut  whose  conduct  lad  alli'cted  ilic  well 
liiiM-r  "fthe  whole,  notwilhstandin;:'.  !^ome  of  these  wretches,  in  their  e.X- 
trcniities,  had  stolen  corn  trom  the  Indians,  on  whose  com|ilaint  tln'V  had 
liiMii  |int  i.)  the  stoc!;s  and  whipped.  Tliis  not  iriviii^"  the  Jndians  satislae- 
tjoii.  one  \\as  han;.'ed.     'i'liis  was  in  I'ehruary,  If"*."}. 

.AheMf  this  capital  punishment  much  has  hccn  w  ritten ;  some  donhtiiii;  tlio 
liK't  lli'it  any  onii  was  hani'.et'.  others  that  it  was  the  real  olli-nder,  \:c.  Itut 
i)i  our  opinion  the  (iicts  are  ineontestahle  that  one  was  han<:ed  ;  hut  w  helher 
the  one  really  >:iiiity  or  not,  is  not  tpiitc  so  easii\  -settled.  'I'he  liict  tliat  oiio 
wiis  linnL''i'd  iiir  aiiotlier  appears  to  have  been  e  nmmoii  notoriety,  hotli  in 
Old  find  New  l-n::land,  Irom  shortly  alter  the  ;.  ir  until  tin;  he^innin;^-  ol' 
till'  next  century.* 

.Mr.  Iliilihiird-t  has  this  jias^aire  upo!i  the  athiir: — "Certain  it  is,  they  [the 
IiidiansJ  were  so  proMiked  with  their  tilchim;  and  stealing',  that  lliey  tlir;!at- 
eiifd  lliein,  as  the  I'liiiistines  did  Sdinsuii's  li.tlier-in-law,  alter  the  loss  ol' their 
coin:  in^•)nnlcll  that  tiie  comi»aiiy,  as  some  report,  protended,  in  way  ot'satis- 
thction,  to  punish  him  that  did  tlie  thelt.  hut,  in  Lis  stead,  lian^'ed  a  poor,  d,;- 
crcjiit  old  man,  tiiat  was  nnserv  i(  eahle  to  the  coiii|iany,  [an  old  hed-riJ 
\vi'ji\('r,tl  and  litu'densome  to  keep  idive,  v.  liich  was  tiie  ^.round  ot'  the  story 
with  which  the  merry  iicntleman,  that  wrote  the  poem  called  lirniitiiAS,  did, 
ill  liis  poetical  tinny,  make  so  much  sport."  And  liom  tiie  same  author  it  ap- 
|M')irs  that  tiie  circumstance  was  well  known  at  IMimouth,  hut  lliey  pretended 
tliMt  the  riu'ht  person  was  haniied,  or,  in  our  authors  own  wdrds,  "as  it'  tiio 
pcrsoii  hanji'ed  was  really  f;i[i)ty  of  stealin;r,  as  may  Ik;  were  many  of  tin-  rest, 
iiiiil  it'  they  were  driven  Ity  necessity  to  content  tin;  Indians,  at  that  tiuH.',  to 
(!(i  justice,  then;  heiufr  soiiu!  of  Air.  H'vstoii's  eompany  livin;;,  it  is  possihle  it 
iiiiirlit  he  e.\(\ciited  not  on  him  that  most  desiM'ved,  hut  on  him  that  could  be 
best  spared,  or  who  way  init  like  to  live  lonji'  if  he  had  been  let  alone." 

It  will  now  be  c.\[)e('tod  that  wc;  produce  the  passage  of  iludibras.  Here 
it  is :— 


^flMi*' 

'^!^ 

UpMO 

,' 

I'i; 

m 

';v.^•.!■ 

HI 

.c 

Hj 

■i 

Wui 

'■  V-'i' 


illl 


■»■..', 


•' 'riuiHiili  nice  „iicl  (l-rk  iho  poiiil  nppcnr, 
(Qiidth  l{;il|>li,)  it  may  liohl  up,  aii!l  clear. 
Til. I  ,'^iiiii:'  '.v  may  supply  llic  place 
():MilVeriiiir  Siiiiils,  is  a  plain  (\tsi'. 
Jihlice  •;i\es  Seiileiire,  niaiiv  limes, 
Oil  one  .Mail  I'or  aiiollier's  rrimes. 
Our  lirelhreii  of  .New  l''iij;laii(l  use 
('li()ii-e  .Malelaclors  lo  cxruse. 
.\iil  lidiiii:  the  (iiiililess  in  llieir  sloafl, 
orwhdin  llie  ('IiuitIu'.s  have  less  need: 
.\<l;ili'ly  '1  happened  .  hi  n  town 
'i'licre  lived  a  Volililer,  and  bill  oe.o, 
Tiuil  out  ot' Doctrine  eoiild  nit  f/.s._', 
.\;i  I  mend  .Men's  Lives,  as  well  as  Shoes. 
This  precious  Urotlier  liaviii"'  slain, 
III  liiiuv,  ot'  I'l-'U-i',  an  hidian, 
iNni  mil  of  M.ilice,  hnl  mere  ?.  a], 
l!er;iiise  he  was  an  inlidel,) 


'I'he  ini;;hly  Tollipoilijmoii, 
Scnl  lo  our  E/ihcs  an  I'.iirnii, 
( 'umplainiiif;' sorely  o!  llu'  Hrearh 
Ol  l,eai;iie,  held  tmlh  by  iJrolher  Patch, 
A^'iiiiisi  llie  Arlirlis  u\  Ihrce, 
J'elwecn  bolh  rhnrche-,  his  and  nur«, 
I'\)r  whi<li  he  ciaved  lIu'  Sninls  lo  render 
Iiiio  his  Ilamls,  <ir  hanij"  ih'  Olii'inl'r: 
I'm  llicy,  niatnreiy  ha\  ini;  weighed, 
Tlii'V  Ikk'  no  m<)i<'  but  li'm  o'  ih'  Trade, 
(A  i\laii  dial  served  ihrii,  in  a  double 
Tapacitv,  to  Ti'nch  and  Cnhlile.) 
]{esol\cd  lo  -iparc  him  ;   yet  lo  do 
'rill-  liiilidii  Uo's'uiii  Mii^li:r,in.  loo, 
Impiiitial  ,hi-lii('.  ill  his  >tiail,  did 
Ilaiii;  an  old  Weaver  that  was  Hcd-rid. 
Th  ■!!  wherfl'ore  may  iml  \<>n  be  sl<  pp'd. 
And  ill  your  Kooin  ;inollier  Wiiipp'd  .'  " 


*  See  Col.  N.  II.  Hist.  Soc.  iii.  113.  and  b.  i.  chap.  iii.  auli'. 

,  li.si.  .N.  Eiig.  7^  i  Col.  N.  II.  Hist.  Soc.  iii.  MG. 


1.K     .■■'^'M.iiy 


I'J     '   I.  Li 


rW- 


>i!    1 


^' 


34 


WITTt;\VAMr/I.--Wr.ST()NS  COI.ONV. 


[niMiK  II 


Tin- fdlldwin^' iioti!  \\iis  curly  piiiittd  to  tliis  |iiihs;i<ri': — "Tlii-  lli^t(l|•\l; 
tlir  (■ulili|<'i'  liiiil  liiTii  iitlt'sti'il  liy  |i<'i's>>iis  iir;:(iiitl  irrdit,  wlii)  \m  ri'  ii|iiiii  ;|, 
jiliicc    >\lii-ii    it    WHS   tloiir."     Mr.    liiillir  wvnir    tliis    |<art    ol'  lii.->    llidilr 

Tliiiiiiii.H  Miirliiii,  wild  WHS  oiic  nl'  tlir  cipniiniiiy,  llniiii;li  |m'iIiii|is  iilix  i  i  .j 

lilt'    lillH',    |l|'('ll'll(ls   tllllt    tJK   I'C    Wll>    IK)    |ll(lt    III'    llic    llllli.'lll.'-,   illl(l    ill^illllilll    <   Ij     ; 

till'  i'liMii!iitli('iiiis  (-aiis)'tl  nil  the  ti'oiilil)',  iiriil  llial  tiicir  la.-liiM'ss  riiiiM  il  i, 
liiditiiis  to  iiDir-Mii'i'c  SOUK'  of  tlitir  turn,  tis  wc  sliitll  lU'L'scntly  rclctr  lining 
l)o(ik  wliich  Wv.  Morhtn  |Mililislii  (!.* 

"  Miislcr  //(.v/o/i'.v  |<l);iiliili()ii  In  iiiL'  siIIIimI  at  Wcssiijfiisnis,  his  m'|-\hi,i,, 
many  ot'llifiii  lazy  |i(isoii.-,  that  would  use  no  endeavor  to  take  the  Im  i;,.| 
ul'tiie  country,  son Ciheni  fell  sick  and  ili( d. 

"  ( )ne  an;on^st  the  rest,  an  alile-hodicd  man,  that  ran;:ed  the  \Noods,  to  m 
what  it  would  alliird,  liLditcd  liy  accident  on  an  Indian  harn,  and  tVom  iIiicim 
did  take  a  cap  tidi  of  corn.  The  salva^ie  ow  ner  of  il,  lliidiiijr  hy  the  imi 
[track]  some  Iji^lisli  had  lieeii  there,  cinue  to  the  |dantalion,  and  made  cui,.. 
jtlaint  altci  this  manner,  't'lie  chief  commander  of  the  conipany,  on  ihjs 
occasion,  called  a  {'arliament  ol'all  his  |ieo|i|e,  hut  thox'  that  were  siciv  ;iiii| 
ill  at  easi'.f  And  w  isi  ly  now  they  nnist  I'onsult,  upon  liiis  lin;:e  complaii;, 
that  a  pri\y  [[lallry]  knife  or  sti'ini;' o|'|iea<ls  wonhl  well  enoiijjli  havi!  <|iiiili- 
lied:  And  ildward  lolmson  was  ii  special  Jud;;!' of  this  business.  'Ilielici 
was  thei-e  in  repelition,  I'onslnii'tion  made,  that  it  was  lellony,  and  li_\  i!;m 
laws  of  i'.nirland  punished  with  death,  .-Mid  this  in  e.xeculion  must  he  pi.i  im 
Jill  example,  and  likewise  to  apjaase  the  sahairi';  when  straii;lilwa_\s  nn.. 
arose,  moved  as  it  were  with  some  conipassion,  and  said  he  '"oidd  noi  \\i|| 
pdnsay  the  llirmcr  sentence ;  yet  he  had  conceived,  within  the  conipa.".-  i>i' 
Ills  hi'ain,  an  eudirio,  that  was  of  special  conseijuencc  to  Ik;  delivered.  ;<iii| 
cherished,  he  said  ;  that  it  would  must  aptly  serve  to  pacily  the  sahaLi's 
complaint,  and  save  the  lili-  of  one  that  mi^hl  (if  nee<l  should  lie)  stand  iIkih 
in  some  j^ood  stead  :  liein;;'  yoniiy  and  siroiij:,  lit  lin'  resi>taiice  a.naiiisi  im 
enemy,  whiidi  miiiht  come  uiie.\pectedly,  hir  any  ihin^'  ihey  knew. 

"The  oration  made  was  liked  of  tivery  one,  and  he  intrealed  to  show  tlic 
means  how  this  may  lie  performed,  i^ays  lie,  y<iii  all  a;jfree  that  one  i!iii>i 
die,  and  one  sladl  die.  This  yoniiu'  man's  clothes  W(!  will  take  oll|  and  |iiit 
upon  one  that  is  old  and  impotent,  a  sickly  person  that  <'annot  (<scape  dci.lli; 
sucdi  is  the  disease  on  him  conlirmed,  that  die  he  must.  I'lit  the  yoiiiii; 
man's  idothes  on  this  man,  and  h  t  lli(>  sick  |)erson  lie  hanired  in  the  otln  r'-: 
f^tead.  Amen,  says  one,  and  so  says  many  more.  And  this  had  like  to  have 
])rove(l  tiieir  final  seiitonre;  and  lieinj;'  there  conlirmed  hy  act  of  I'arlianii'iit 
to  alter  ajres  tiir  a  prei-edent.  lint  that  one,  with  a  I'aveiKiiis  vcii'e,  heiiuii  lo 
croak  ;tnd  liidlovv  llir  reveiijic,  and  jint  liy  that  coii(diisive  motion  ;  alleniiii; 
Ruch  deceits  miulit  he  a  means  hereaiyer  to  exasperate  the  minds  of  the  coai- 
jilaininff  salvaj:es,  and  that,  hy  his  death,  the  salva,i;es  should  see  their  ziid 
to  Justice,  and,  therefore,  he  should  die.  'J'his  was  concluded  ;  yet,  luncr- 
e  was  made;    now  to  coimtermand  this  act   did   reiirescnt 


a  sen 


pi 


tliidi 

itself  unto  their  minds,  which  was  how  they  should  do  to  j;'et  the  man': 
>vill :  this  was  indeed  a  speci;d  obstacle :  fiir  without  that  (they  all  arreeiijit 
Mdiild  he  danixeroiis,  llir  any  man  to  attemiit  the  e.xecution  of  il,  lest  mis- 
chief  should  hefidi  them  every  man.  lie  was  a  jierson  that,  in  his  wralli, 
did  s<M'm  to  be  a  second  Sampson,  able  to  jiejit  out  their  brains  w  ith  thi'  j;'.\v- 
hoiie  of  an  ass:  therefore  they  calhid  the  man,  and  hy  persuasion  irot  liiiii 
last  bound  in  jest,  and  tliiMi  hanjied  him  np  hard  liy  in  ;i<hu\  earnest,  \\lio 
with  a  weapon,  and  at  liberty,  wduld  have  put  all  tiiese  Avise  jud<;es  of  this 
Parliament  to  a  pittiful  non  plus,  {i\s  it  hath  becsn  credibly  reported,)  and 
made  the  cliie1"jiul;:'e  of  them  all  buckle  to  him." 

This  is  an  cntin'  cha|)ter  ol"  the  Nkw  (Janaan,  wliicli,  on  account  of  its 
great  rarity,  \ve  have  j;iven  in  full.  In  his  next  chapter  M\:  .Morton  iiroreeils 
to  narrat('  the  circumstances  of  the;  "massacn;"  of  If'iltunvniirf,  PtLtvat,  aiiil 
other  Massachusetts  Indians,  and  the  conserpienccs  of  it.     iJiit  wo  shall  Jiovv 


*  Eiiliilcd  New  Eiij^Jisli  Cniiaaii,  lio.  Aiiistcrdain,  li'iM. 

t  Against  liiis  sciilonce,  in  llio  margin,  is — "  A  poor  comp'aint." 


nnr.  If]      w 

(Inivv  iVoin  th' 
wr  lillil  occas 

Vr.  H  in.iloi 
tjic  Indians  h 
1,11. iwii  tn  aiiv 
time  als(i_  an< 
siii'jiiiii  iif  the 
Ciiiliiitiinl,  am 
tiling',"  |"s  Mil' 

It  was   now 
wliich  war   w; 
liiiiiiins.     "\Vi 
sliiiiild  take  so 
„N^;iinst   all   th 
rai'ii  know  Iha 
vvilli  ihciii  upoi 
liir  (Ptiiers:  ih 
III  the  Miiiilish 
I'liil   of  their 
tiivMirils  them, 
Hike  cipporiuni 
|io>>ilpie,  lill  ;-ll( 
jiiilii  villain  be 
tJKil  lie  Jlii'jht  b 

\\\-  will  now 
artinii.     "Atler 
(if  line,"]   some 
willi  Cliiriilitirlii 
liiriiii'r  (piarrel  v 
mm;  I  to  take  o 
l(ishn\i  arrival 
n|iiie.',red  hy  the 
tjii'ic  pri'tendei 
|iiirl,.  ,'iiid  ihin^^ 
cal  diercof  Willi 
a  u:il(iivvord  <.'i\ 
wi'ic,  liy  the    1' 
jiaiii' li  up  there 
of  Chi'iii'iiiihtirs 
tlirir  residence  i 
tjicir  (■ountrynie 

Al'ler  SlaniHsl 
set  iiiil,  one  an 
|ir(i|  |e  of  IMillK 
that  not  the  leas 
"wliiise  boldnes 

*  As  nwiilidiu'd  i 
t  Krfi'irhiy-,  il  is 

{   'I'llC  pCISdll   \\\\ 

^  N.w  j'nuli-li  < 

"i  His  iiiiiiic  was 
(Unci  I'luh.  llic  lii'l 
1(1  ;\  |n  lilioii  of  /'/(/ 
mlivc  (if  llic  siraii; 
diili'Mvors  Id  jilaiil 
il  inrcl  l<i  iiraiil  hi 
.U,s'.  (iiniDiis  I'll'  ftli'i 

I  liMM'  iK>l  licoii  ; 
pr(i'';\My  iiscil  il  in 

Al  till"  cdiirl,  .'i  iM 
tlio  raM  n"  I'm-  !M,  r;- 
L'niiii  Fill.-.,  lit  Slip 

I'ril  ninrrieil,  in 
Soc.  vii.  122. 


■lllipw  llllM'l  I  ,,( 

ill.'-illllilll',-  l|,;,l 
>,S  CllllM  ll  II:, 
\      rcllMC    llllll;, 

'',  Ilis  HTMIM-, 
kc    till'     Ik  111  ,  [ 


ri(\ 


r    11 1     WASSAriNKWAT.— .MAPSArnr,  AT  WF.SSAfirsfTH. 


(Irinv  I'nitM  tin-  I'liiiutiitli  Iiixtoriiin,  niitl  iillrrunrils  use  .Uor/onV  flmpti  r  oh 


As  ?n' 


■iilionod  ill  our  la-t  extract  from  llii'<  nntlior. 


t  \M\ 


irin^,  It  I'-  '•ii|' 


}  'I'lic  (loi^dii  «lio  pro 


(|M,iricl  uitli  i'liiiiiliilitnt. 


h,iii"iiiir  ii  SICK  III 


111  iiisleacl  c)(  ilio  real  olTciulcr. 


Ill 


II 


II 


l>   Milllll'   «ilS 


/'//, 


I'liil.     All  Iiiilian  fdllowcc 


to  kill    liiiii.  but,  liv  los'ni  llio 


(liri'cl  paili,  till- 


I.i'l 


laii  iiiN-«<ii  lull 


1.      Ill  lllfl 


I  III 


Id  11  |)i  tit:oii  o 


(■  /•;,/ 


ifciicral    court  ol'  iM.is-ai-liiisctts,  la  aii'-v,<;r 


/'.((/.  tlini   of  ('liarli'Siowii.  wliicli  wa<   acci  iii|.aa  t'l 


Willi   II  iiar- 


(if  llic  slrai^lil-i  aiiil  liar(Mii|>>;  tlial  llic   lirst    |ilaiil(Ts  of  iliis  coloiiv  iiiidciwtiil   in    ilioir 
ci|ilr;i\(irs  to  |iiaiit  lliciiKclvcs  al  I'iiiiioiilli.  ami  siiict".  wlicrcol  lii'  \va-  one.  Ilic  coiirl  j'lilifi'ili 


It  MKTt   to  yraiit   nan 


.'illO  arrcs   of  hiiid,  wiicii'  il  is  to 


.UN.  (imoii's  thr  /ill's  In  our  sln'i'-lioiiS'' 


10  liail,  not  li.iKlciin^'  a  pianlaiioii. 


11 


;)t  licni  able  to  (liscovir  liio   iiarrativp  of  F'ral,  after  loiii'  search.     Mr.  Ifiihliard 


prniinlilv  ii>ieil  it  in  coiiipilin'^  liis  IlisI    of  New  I'.i 

.\t  llic  conn    ;i  iMav.  Ilil'.'),  land  was  ordcied  to  lie  laid  ,)iit  for  I'ntt,  ''in  llie  \\llilenie'^s  on 
llio 
C  nil  ft  Fill 


ca^i  Ol  iin* 


ck  ti- 


er, iK'iir  till'  iiiiper  end  of  N'aco 


ikl! 


rook,  on  the  MUilli-eas 


tof  il. 


(// 


Pr.it 


snpni 


Soc. 


i.  ill  I'liinoutli,  a  daiiglitcr  of  Culhberl  Cntlibertson,  in  IG30.     See  2  Col.  Hist, 


122. 


I 


:»'    '■< 


.■•<,■■< 

i-'  ■:  •  ■*'-iii..,i  )t 


p;'<' 


Mx^'* 


i^  ^-| 


t'fe 


!?v<'2 


m 


MAHSACIM".    AT   WHSHAJSrHrUS. 


[n<iciK  II 


:'H     *' 


i-  ■: 


I  ;;' 


tlu'y  fllir  InilijiiiH]  woiihl  liiKr  it  out  nl' tliiir  |i<it.',  iiimI  nit  [it]  lu'lorc  t| 


iiiir 


fiu-cs, '  mill  tliiil  it  llii'v  trii  il  til  |'ir\riit  tliiiii,  tlit'>  wuiilil  I  iilil  ii  kiiilt 
tlii'ir  liKiir'tH:  mill  ti>  Miti>iy  tin  in.  Iliry  lutd  Imi^mI  hi  <'  ol' tlirir  ciin  |  ni  \ . 
"Tlitit  tliiy  liiiil  Milil  llii  ir  fliilliis  |iii'  null,  III, <l  wni'  ri  mI_\  tii  f-tiiiM'  \,,'<\. 
\\illi  n-lil  mill  liiiiiyrr  lilxi,  lirnirM-  tlii'\  niiilij  iint   n.ilnn'  In  i  ft  xirtiii.is  !• 


rni.-oii  II 


I'll 


irll'  |i|il\i'illlr 


'riii>  truly  wiis  ii  «r»'li'linl  |iirliirr  nl'  this  siruiiil  nijuny  of  A1iis>ii('Iiiim  i 
tlip  Kiiii\>lnl>:<'  dl"  wliii'h  (mim<   Hiiisl(nr)  "jiiivc  lis  ^mxl  nicdiiiii;;!  ii,n  t 
]iriirn'(l   in  our   iiitiiKJimiii,-."     ArrMiliii^ly,  the   M.\t   tiny,  ytdiii.'isli,   \\ii| 
/liihdiiiiik  mill  I'i^'lit  l".ii;:li>liiiii'ii,  Mt  mit  ii|.<m  tlic  cxik  dilinii.     \\\>  liiKii 


w 


|r\\    llir 


IlliW.' 


L 


(iw    II   liw   Imi^Ii.-Ii  ^\\l\>  \\ 


ire   \<  t   ii  ;irnl   \<\  tlir    li 


li.i;.|. 


iNt'M  rllirlos,  tlic  lii.-tiirimis  \\iiiilil  liiivr  ii>  iiii»!ri>ti.iiil  lliil  Stiunlial, 
tiikr  nil  iiKirr,  licrniiM-  lir  wniilil  i.nl  liiiM'  tlic  Inilimis  iiii.>^lii.ht  iLiit  l.r  rniiii 
t(i  li<jlit  thrill ;  mill  tlii'v  >miiiIiI  in>iiiiiiitr  thiit  it  \\n>*  ii\>iii;;  tn  liis  urnit  Mi|i,r, 
\\  lini  Sliitiitlfih  nrriviMl  nt  \\  rssii;;iiKiMiH,  lie  rmiiiit  the  |ini|ilr  sn.ttrml 
iiliiuit,  ii|i|irrlirniliiiir  ni>  ilmi;!('r  wlinti-Nrr,  ('n<:tni'nl  in  tli<  ir  nniiiiiiry  iiHiiiiv 
V\  lull  lir  tnid  thrill  iif  tlir  iliili'irr  \\\:\    Wrir  in  Inilll    tl.r    lliilimis,  llii\ 


'tl;r_\    ti'mril    lint    tlir    lliilitilis,  hill    livril,  mill    Mllli  I'l  il    thrill    tn    l(i<l< 
inn,  lint   Imsinir  ^wnrd  nr  <:nii,  nr   iirnliiij;  the  i-mnr."'     Sl<iiiili.tli  mw 
(uriiinl  tlicin  nl'  tlir  |il(it,  ^^ili^h  Wiis  tlir  first  intiii  iitinii,  it  iiii|inirs,  tl'i  y  j 


tl 


<•    Uilli 


Mi- 


nt'il.  lit' nrilrrnl  thnii  to  nill  in  their  inni,  miil  nijniiinl  irrrecy  nl' l/h 
ilitrnilnl  inisMirrr.  I(i:l  it  mtiiin  110111  It  in,il(iir\'<  K<  liilinli,  thin  the  !i.ir,;!!> 
fSMt  wnrilnril,  nr  ini>lrii>lril  his  (l(si;:n;  |)rnh;ili|y  mhim' nl"  the  \\  i>s,'.-i,>. 
ens  nun  wmnril  ihriii  nl'  il,  who  diil  ml  hi  lirxc  tin  re  \\:is  miy  pint. 

iMnintinii',  mi  Inilimi  rmnn  In  trtnlr,  mul  iiiti'rwmils  went  away  in  I'riri  d. 
ship.  Stiiiiillnh,  ninrc  faj.'iirini's  than  tlir  rrsi,  .siiid  he  miw  trniehery  in  |,1;, 
f-yc,  mid  siisperted  his  end  in  eniniiiir  tin  re  \\i\>*  (iiynnernl.  Slinrtly  iiliir. 
y'l/.sw/o/,  "  \'.  hii  was  a  paniese,'  iiiinir  a  nimi  nl"  a  iintaMe  s|tiiii,"  ci.n.i'  ii 
lli>l<(',uitl,\  and  tnId  him,  Ih  inui'irstiKxf  llir  rafihiin  ires  conic  In  hill  li'm  (tnil  ll» 
rest  of  tlic  liitlinim  llicn:  "Tell  him.  (said  /'cL^-iuit.]  we  ki.nu  it,  hut  liar  I, in 
lint,  neither  will  we  sliiin  him  ;  hut  li  t  him  hei.in  when  he  dare  [sj,  he  will 
not  lake  lis  iiimwjires." 

The  Indians  now,  as  we  iiiiiiht  1  \|iect,  l.e>;t;ii  to  |  repare  tn  iiiret  thi 
daii:;er,  and  the  l'!iij;lisli  say  many  nl'  ti.eni  can  e  divi  rs  times  into  ilnir 
|iri  since,  and  "  wmild  whet  aid  sl:ar|ien  the  pnint  of  their  kiii\ts,"  ";;i;il 
use  n:any  nlher  insiillin^' ^'csti'ies  and  sj  enhi  s.  An  ci  .i;st  the  Wi'l.  Il'illn- 
H'ffHKf/ liraj;;.'ed  ot'tlie  exeellcncy  111' his  knilc.  Onthenid  nl'the  hmdle  lli  it 
was  pictured  a  woman's  Ijice  ;  lint,  said  he,  /  luirc  itnolhtr  fil  lioiiic,  irlu n irilli  I 
haw  killcil  holli  Fn  ncli  (iiiil  I'liin-li.ili,  (titd  llinl  linlli  n  mtnCs  fare  o;i  U  ;  ami  hij  end 
bif  lliesc  liro  iiivsl  iiuirni.'"'  Tn  this  he  iiddn!,  IIiwaim  .\.\aii:.\,  iii.nn mm  vi- 
ciiiiN,  -MA'i'rA  (  I'rs  :  that  is,  //i/  and  lii/  il  y.honld  ric.  1  iid  Ijj  and  lij  it  .should  ml. 
(it  siu  ' 
re  tlia 
but  a  little  man  :  and,  said  he,  lliovsxli  1  lie  no  sarlnm,  i/d  I  on  a  man  of  ptni 
strcnicth  and  coil  rairr.  These  ihiiiirs  the  captain  (i|jser\nl,  \et  laie  willi  |  a- 
tience  tiir  the  presiMJt." 

Ir  will  he  seen,  in  what  we  have  related,  as  well  as  what  we  v.vv  aliiiM  In 
ndd,  that  'riiomafi  .^lortnn's  twroyiwl,  \i\  snme  nl' the  n.aiii  liicts,  iij;re<'s  will: 
that  ol"  Jlinsloir.  I'mmthe  latter  it  aii|>ears  that  Slinidislus\\\vf  cniisiihii.lilr 
niaiuriiNerin!:,  n^iild  ^et  advantaiic  over  hut  li'W  ol'  the  Indians.  At  leiiUli, 
lia\iiii;' i;nt  /'<A',s((o/ and   tf'illiiiramal  ^'hu\\\  tn^etiicr,  with  ainiher  iran,  .•iril 


hat  not  siuid,-.     "Also   /V.-A'm/o/,  (cnniiiiiies    // rHN/oic,)  h<  in;;' a  nan  oh  j  n  i.U  1 
stature  tliaii  the  captain,  luld  him  thni'jh  he  were  11  iireat  captain, yi  t  he  w;..- 


!1  MHilli  nl    snme  ei 


iihW 


en   vcars  ot  a;;(' 


which   was  lirntlier  tn    Jf'ill 


incaim, 


and,  villain  like,  Irnd  in  his  stejis,  daily  piitliiiL;  many  tricks  npnii  the  wiikn 
sort  ol"  men,  and  haviiifr  ahniil  as  many  nl'  his  nw  n  ecu  ( ;iny  in  a  riMHii  willi 


then 


i\('  iIk-  word  tn  his  men,  and,  the  drnr  heint!-  hist  shut,  hei'an  hinisci 


Avitli  Pccksunf,  and,  snatchinii;  his  own  knife  from  his  neck,  tlioii>;li  with  iniitli 

*  " 'I'lio  raiiirscs  lire  men  of  rrcnl  r<itiriij:f(~  mill  wiscdcmic,  jiiicl  lo  llirsc  nlxi  llirnmill 
appciiri'ili  in<  II'  rHuiiliiiilv  lliaii  lo  oilier-,  ami  as  woe  1  <  iiiciiu'.  inakctli  1 1  I'ciianl  \\  iili  'An  u.  \" 
pri";('riii'  llicm  !Vom  (l(  alli  hy  woiimls  uilli  airou-^.  |,i;iM'>,  lialrlirl-.,  vVc.''  M  V/'>/r  ic'.v  AV/u- 
timi.  Ill  s[i('akinii^  ol  llif  oriuiii  of  (•('/)/w/,  (7m /•/ndjV  says,  sonic  Incians  lold  liiiii  lliut  It 
was  pivcii  by  tlic  bun  to  I'anis,  a  aalioii  '.ijioii  the  Alissouri.     Voijagc  dans  I'Amerique. 


Mrii::i:h"V-''  ""  L 
j^ii  iicnlle,  all 

liiiiii  //(''  "■•'  ^''( 
We  I'liidd  n^ 

tl.  kc'p  '-l"^'' 
;„„('  (/r(;i,7  "'"'"I 
fiia-fd  n'dsi;  l'\ 

»7A)/</"("""'''| 

llli'M  ilrliiralieij 
said  to  Sliii\!li\ 
Mature,  said,  til 
|,iit  tii-diiy  I  si'<l 

Slmrli'ih  Wiisj 
to  kill  the  liidiil 
rioaii'  lit"  his  ml 
this  hiisiiiess,  ii| 
iii'L'liirnice  nl' 
,<ro-sril  their  pil 

.loiiicil   hy  -"I 
nail  |iiirsii  d  tin 
oi'i'iijiVi  and  wli 
nmrl;  ''''i-t  nil'  h 
chiisi'il  lliciii   SI 
Oai'  wlin  iiiaile 
wl.irli  is  ail  the 
,su;iiii|i,  ami   all 
Allcr  assisiiiiu'  1 
ri'iiinml  m  IMiii 
u|i  ill  their  liirl. 

Mraiiwhih'  till 
rroiii  Maiinmi'i, 
.si'l/nl  and  put  i 
.xaiil   III'  did,   am 
|iiol,"  and  said   h 
fiiaity  lit'  all  the 
lil!'  iiiiulit  he  spa 
St ra aver  amonjr  ' 
fioiiulil  liir  him ; 
liiiii,  "  the  ratlin- 
Till-  mi'ssaj'e  tin 
to  (leal  so  with    I 
tlirri'iire,  tiiey  n 
hail  MOW  hepaii, 
liiiii:"  lh.;f  he  si 
iiiiil,  and  nut  kill 

The  r-n.irlisii  I 
scat  a  woman  to 
was  smry  that  tl 
lliat  he  \\islied  li 
The  Kii-lisli  leai 
"haviiiir  rnrsakn 
|i('i'liiiir  when  wi 
now  fri'iienil  mild 
ti'ar  and  want. 


*  'I'iiis,  wo  SllppO' 
rapliy.  ('id  ("d.)  wli' 
liiJi'.-'      It'  slaiidiiii; 

(IfC.l-lilll. 

t   Mm  toil,  ill  his  ] 
hi'iirc  Mciid'i  very  1 
Wi's'^ainiscii-:  any  g 
ocgiiiiiiiig  war  ? 
4 


I   lii'lluT  tliiir 

1)1    II     kllill'    ,M 

I'ir  roil, I  (in ; 

•    htMI\r    li'il  ■• 

ct  \irliii,|s  1, 


CiMP     "1 


Oin'AKir.ST— IIOUOMOK. 


M 


IllNMIcllll.-l  11., 

iirii^rii.t  I  I  I, 
^'l<nii,'!sli,  \\]\\ 

\l\>  llll.il  L  , 
k  till-  lln'i;.|.. 
tuniUftli  \M,i  i,i 

ll  j;t  \  {'  cnii,, 
is  iiiTiit  \!;|i,r. 

i|'lr    fiCI  tti'Kil 

liiiiiiry  iilliiii-., 
mis,  I'lirv  .;  1,1 
l<>  IikIlc  uiiii 
idisli  i:«i\\  ill. 
tills,  ll'iv  I, ml 

rcrrcv  nl'  li- 
II  tl.c'li.ii;!:!., 
;<•  \V(>siii;ii>. 
1  |)l<it. 

iMIV  ill  rriri{| 
•rflii'i-y  ill  I,!'. 

Sliirl'ly  iilur, 
iiil,"  ci.ii.c  ii 
7  /(."/«  mill  th 

liiit  li'iir  liiii 
n-   [j.],  lie  will 

to     lllll'l     tl,( 

108  into  llicir 

,lli\(S,"  ";;|;il 
(•  lot,  IVlHi:- 
I. Ill  (III  ll  I'll 
\t\  iiln n with  I 
I ;  and  Iji  ami 

III.N.NAni    Ml- 

11  fl:oi:l(l  ml, 

|:iii  (>r  i  n  Ml  I 

I',  \t  t  I  (■  \\;.,- 

man  of  uniti 

lit'    willl    I  II- 

|j;i'('  iil'(!i:t  III 
ii^rccs  Willi 

|(  (H!vi(!(li,l,|r 

At  Icnilli, 
|('r  ii'iin,  iii'il 
Jf'illuiidmal. 
\\  ll.c  \\(  i.krr 
a  rcdiii  willi 
jiiii  liiiix'ir 
Asilli  ii.iicii 


f1 


! 


)  ilicDiiiJl 

III    W  illl  llll  II,  lu 

|V//,>/(  >i's  AV/ii- 
V<l  llllll  liiutii 
lerique. 


.     „,|ii,j_r,  and  kiUnl  him  Ihirrirllh  -the  |Miinf  wlicrr-il"  !i«  hml  nimlo  iw  >li;ir|> 

",','i,,, ,11,.,  llllll  LrioHliil  llll'  li.irk  ill-o  III  (III  cil'T.      H'Uliiiiotinrl  iiliil  llir  iiIIht 

fil'lll  llif  '■'■*'  loll*'  I,  mil  t'lit'x  Ihr  iloiilli,  irluiin  tin  rii|it.iili  railcril    to  lir  liilll!.'t(|," 

We  roiild  MOW  Nsi-ii  this  lilnotls  l.ili'  Writ'  liiii'iiril,  liiit  wi'  liii\f  |triimisrtl 
to  ki' 'I" '■'•""'  '"  ''"'  '■'''■'''■•'•  ■^''''  ffiiiiliiii'  fttiiliiiiifs,  "Hut  II  i.i  iiirndildr 
lii,ii,i,iilir(niiflslli(rrliri>f)iinli'<it  inrit'iil  Iw/hir  Ilir:/  tllrif,  nnl  wnkiivx  itivj 
Ihirt'"'  "'"■''''''  ''"'  i'<il'h!iiiS  id  ll'iir  iCKiiitins,  nnd  .ilrlrhi'C  Id  //"'  luxl. 

*-'l(„lil>iiiiii>''''  sIihmI  lis  llll  llll-  tiiiii',*  llllll  iiirdilli'il  nut,  <ili-.i'r\lii;jr  liiiw  our 
iii,.|i  (jiiiiraiitil  llll  iiisi'lvcs  ill  lliis  iictioii."  AliiT  liu'  aliiav  was  iiiiliil.  In- 
saiil  fo  Stiiii.llnli,  "  ^'l•sll•l•(lay  l'iil;.iiiol  ltrn,':;,'i'i|  ol"  hi.i  own  .-iitiiimIi  iiimI 
(.t.iliiri".  s'li'li  llioiiuli  you  wtTf  11  f:vvt\\  cfiiitniiuNft  \oii  wi'if  Imt  u  lililc  niiui ; 
iiiit  to-tliiv  I  SCI-  \oii  lire  Iti^r  <'iu)ii;.!:li  to  lay  liiiii  t>ii  the  •.'roiiiiil." 

Slmili'^li  ^vas  now  sent  to  u  coniiiJiiiy  of  l('(sl<>n\i  ini'ii,  who  onltrcil  iIm'Im 
til  kill  ihf  Iniliaiis  that  witi-  iiiiioiiir  llniii.  TIk  if  liU'id  lin>.  Iliiii -iir  w  illi 
soiiH' of  his  www  hdlid  in\idhii%  i\\  iiiiolliii-  pLirf.  \s  liny  witc  |iiiisiiiii;; 
thirl  hiisiiii'ss,  inti'iiiliii;;  to  kill  nil  lliry  roiihl  la\  hainl,^  ii|ioii,  "  thronirh  lliti 
ii,,^,|iir,.|ii'(>  tit' out*  iiiiiii,  nil  liitliaii  fsi'iijiril,  w  lio  diM'OM'i-iil  [ilisrlostMJj  tiiiil 
(.riis,^iil  thi'ir  |irociriruii.'s." 

.Iiiiiiiil  liy  ^oiiic  of  Mr.  H'(slon\H  iiii'ii,  Slnudluli  iliscovmil  ii  li'W  Imliaiis, 
anil  piirsii  'I  them.  Slmidlsli  i'liiiicd  a  hill  whiidi  the  Iiiiliaiis  iii,«n  >lro\c  to 
(M'rii|i\,  and  who,  iilliT  >liiioiiiii;'  a  li'W  arrow  s,  Mctl.  "  \\  Ik  r('ii|ioii  llnhUii- 
mo'i  I'l"'  "''"  ''"^  coal,  and  hcinir  a  known  iiaiiicsr,  thfiis  liciiiir  now  killed, 
rliiisi'il  iIh'Iii  so  liist,  as  tiiir  |ico|i|c  wire  not  ahir  to  hold  way  willi  him." 
Oiii'  who  liiailc  a  staiitl  to  shoot  Slaiidisli  had  hi,->  arm  iirokcn  \>\  n  shot, 
wl.irii  is  all  thr  advantai'i"  t  laimt'd  hy  thf  llii^dish.  'I'lic  Indians  ;:o|  into  a 
sw.iiiiji,  and  allir  somi'  liraviuloiny;  on  hoih  sides,  llie  |iartiis  separated. 
ADi'i' ii-sis'iiitr  the  settlers  of  W  essa;:nsei;s  t(i|ia\e  llie  plaee,  the  lliiiilisli 
rctiinn  d  to  INiiiioiitli,  lakiii",'  alon^'  the  heail  of  H  illiiir'imil,  which  they  sei 
u|i  ill  their  lltrl. 

Mi'.iiiw  liile  the  Indian  llial  followfd  I'nd  from  Wcssiiirnsciis,  ii<  he  rcliirned 
friiiii  Maiiomet,  cdled  at  I'liinoiith  in  a  friendly  iiianner,  and  smis  thero 
(iri/i'il  and  |»nl  in  iroii,<.  it.'inir  asked  it'  he  knew  the  head  of  Ji  illiiiriiiii>l, 
.xiiiil  lie  dill,  and  "looked  |iileoiisly"  n|ioii  it.  "'riieii  he  confesstd  tho 
|i|iit,"  and  s.iid  his  sachem,  OhUikiiM,  had  lieeii  drawn  into  it  li\  the  iiniior- 
tiiiiit\  of'  all  till'  peojile.  lie  tleiiied  any  hand  in  it  hiins'.  If  and  lie;:;:ed  his 
lili'  iiiiLilil  he  s|iared.  Said  he  was  not  a  IMiissiiciiiiset,  tint  tmly  resided  as  n 
sti'.'inver  aiiion^' them.  Ifolmniok^^iAi'ofHwt'  a  jrood  rejiort  ot' him,  and  lie- 
siMiiilil  liir  him  ;  Iml  w  is  hrilied  so  id  do  it."  They  finally  concluded  to  sparti 
liiiii,  '"the  rather,  h, 'cause  we  di'sired  he  iiii^rht  carry  a  niess.-D.'c  to  (Hdifkiisl" 
Tlic  inessaj't^  they  ciiariit'd  him  with  was  this,  that  they  hail  never  iiiieiidetl 
Iddi  al  so  with  him,  until  they  wcro  forceil  to  if  by  their  treachery,  iintl, 
tliiTi'  ore,  liiey  mii.lit  thank  themselves  tiir  their  own  overt lirow;  and  as  lio 
llllll  now  heiian,  if  he  |>ersistcd  in  his  course,  "his  coiintiy  should  not  hold 
hiiii:"  lli,;t  he  slionid  tortliwith  send  to  Plimontli  "the  three  I'-nvlishmeii  ho 
llllll,  and  not  kill  tlieiii."t 

'I'lie  Iwtiilish  heard  notliiiiir  from  0/>/r//i-K'.'!M'or  a  loiiir  time  ;  at  leiiLlh  ho 
.■^eiit  a  wtnniiii  to  lliein,  (proliahly  no  man  would  venlnre.)  to  tell  them  ho 
was  sorry  that  the  I'n^lisli  were  killed,  hefort;  lie  inward  from  them,  also 
that  he  wished  for  jieace,  Itiit  none  of  his  men  durst  come  to  treat  ahont  it. 
The  riiijriish  learned  from  this  woman,  that  lii^  \vas  in  j^reat  consternation, 
"lia\inir  forsaken  his  dwellin^f,  and  daily  removetl  from  jilace  to  place,  ex- 
pci'tiii!.'  when  we  would  take  further  ven!:eance  on  him."  The  terror  was 
now  ircneral  anion;.''  them,  and  many,  as  we  lia\  (<  elsewhere  said,  died  throimh 
fear  and  want.     To  this  tlismal  naiTative  Mr.  IVindow  atlds,    "And  certainly 

*  'I'liis,  we  siippo-p,  is  tlifi  nlTiiir  lo  wirrii  Presi.lnit  Alleti  aliudi's,  in  liis  .\ini'rir:iii  \\w^- 
rapliy,  CJil  I'll.)  \vli"ii  lio  snvs,  "  lie  \ll(il>i>mok\  fi>ii^!it  hrarihi  Uy  \\\s  f .'>>Vii»(//,vV,v]  siclc.  In 
liiJI.'      ir  staiuliinj  iiiul  luokiiiff  on  1)0   li^liliiii;',  llicii  diil    llnlioiiKik  /ii^lU  bravelij  on  lliis 

llflM-I'lll. 

t  Miiiton,  ill  his  -Vi'/r  (^iimtn.  Ill,  snys,  llioso  lliri'i'  iiini  went  lo  rc'.iilc  Willi  dii.'.-dtniiliiif  ; 
lii>iiiT  Mi'i-lun  viTV  rcaioiiaMv  sii;j',:;'i>sls,  lli:il  if  llio  I'lliimiiili  pcofili;  inli'iiilcil  lIu-  nii'ii  of 
Wi'S'^n^tmciis  any  good,  wliy  did  llii-y  not  first  sec  that  all  ol'tlioin  wore  out  of  danger,  before 
Bcuiiininir  war  ? 


^'M^ 


I    ••-.^ 


■■■■>■     -  '^^^^,;'^Ji 


I'l; 
My 


JJ8 


HOBOMOK.— SQUANTO'S  PERFIDY. 


[Book  II 


1 3'^'^^ 


'w  'f 


4i' 


if  is  stranfro  to  bear  liow  many  of  late  have,  and  still  daily  (lie  aiiionjrfu 
tlicni,  iicitlicr  is  llicrc  any  likfiilMioil  it  will  easily  cease;  because  tiireii^li 
li-ai'  they  set  little  or  no  corn,  \vliicli  is  the  stall'  ol"  life,  and  nitliont  wliiih 
they  caiMiol  lonir  preserve  lieahii  and  streni;th." 

These  afliiirs  call  tor  no  commentary,  that  innst  accompany  every  inimi 
tliron^h  every  step  of  the  i-elatioii.  It  uonld  he  weakness,  as  ap;-ears  tu  in, 
to  atli'mpt  a  vindication  of  the  rasii  conduct  of  the  l']n<!lisli.  Amid  iIk  ir 
Bi!llerini:s,  some  jioor  Indians  resolved  to  attempt  to  npjioase  the  -wratii  uf 
the  l!ni:lish  ^^overnor  hy  |)resents.  Fonr  set  ont  l»y  water  in  n  \hki\  I'nr 
Plimontli,  hut  hy  accident  were  overset,  and  three  ot'  them  were  drowned; 
tlu^  other  reiin'ned   hack. 

When  Mr.  /^;^?/),*rH(,  the  liitlier  of  tiu-  Plimonlh  chnrcii,  heard  how  his 
peo|i|e  had  conducted  in  this  atliiir  with  the  Indians,  he  wrote  to  theiri,  to 
consid  'f  of  tlie  disposition  of  Captain  Stttnifisli,  "who  was  of  a  warm  tfin. 
per,"  hut  he  hoped  the  Lord  had  sent  him  amf)n,!r  them  l(>r  u  j^'ood  end.  if 
they  used  him  as  they  onuht.  "lie  doul)ted,"  he  said,  "  whether  there  u,i< 
not  uantiufT  liiat  tenderness  of  the  life  of  man,  made  after  (iod's  iiniiLrc," 
which  was  so  necessary;  and  alio\c  all,  that  "it  would  liav(>  b(;en  liappv  it' 
they  liad  c(»nverted  some  before  they  bad  killed  any." 

The  reader  has  now  passed  lliroiii;b  a  period  ei'  Indian  history  of  much 
int("-e<t,  w  herein  bt>  will  doubtless  liave  found  much  to  admire,  and  nioio 
that  he  could  have  wished  otherwise.  Our  business,  howevei-,  we  will 
here  remind  him,  is  that  of  a  dealer  in  liicts  altoaclher,  and  he  must  tnko 
them,  (It  .iS  thi'V  are,  without  any  hibored  commentaries  from  us.  Althdiiiili 
ive  I  .ve  had  fMiMsion  to  introduce  Uohomok  several  times,  yet  there;  reiiijiin 
traiisactif)ns  of  considerable  intciresr,  in  bis  life  ycst  to  b(!  noticed. 

iloiiOMOK,  or  Hdllxtmock,  wtis  n  frreat  paifu'se  or  war  captain  anif)n>r  tin; 
VVampanoa.irs,  as  wc  have  already  had  occa.<ion  to  observe,  lie  came  to 
I'limoiiiii  about  the  end  of  .lidy,  ItJ'Ji.  and  continued  with  the  lOuiilisli  ms 
lonir  as  lie  li\('d.  lie  was  a  prin<'ipal  means  of  the  lasting'  friendsiiip  ot' 
Mass  i.f oil,  which  jMorton  says,  he  "  nuich  furthered  ;  and  that  he  was  ii 
proper  lusty  younii-  man,  and  one  that  was  in  account  amonjr  the  Indians  in 
tho'^e  parts  l()r  bis  valor."  He  was  of  the  ^rreatest  service  in  leariunir  llniii 
how  to  cultivate  such  tiMiitr  as  were  peculiar  to  the  country,  such  as  cdin, 
l)eans,  \:  c.  The  accouct  of  bis  nfission  to  ^hi.t.<)<rsoil,  to  harn  the  truth  nt' ,i 
report  thai  tiie  iNarraaaiisels  bad  made  war  upon  him,  and  his  interri:|itiim 
and  trouble  liom  Cdvnhllnnl  are  already  I'elated. 

I?:'ini;'  a  liivoiile  of  Aliis.snsoil,  and  one  of  his  chief  captains,  the  |iibriiii3 
found  that  they  need  not  apprehend  any  tr(>acbery  on  his  jiart,  as  lUihomnk 
Wi.s  so  completi'ly  in  their  interest,  and  also  in  that  of  the  f;reat  sachem, 
that  he  would  ad\ise  tlniii  if  any  thin;:'  e\il  were  on  i()ot  a<;ainst  lliiiii. 
What  streiiirtheiied  th(  in  in  this  opinion  was  the  liillowin^-  circumstiiiici'. 
'J'lie  .Mas.-.o'hus.  lis  Indians  had  liir  some  time  been  invitiiiiv  the  llnrlisli 
into  their  country  to  trade  (Itr  furs.  When,  in  IMarcb,  Wl%  they  beuaii  to 
make  ready  tin"  the  \oya,i;-e,  Jloliomof;  "  told  us,  (says  Jf'inslow,)  that  be  linird 
the  .Abissaclmsetts,  or  iMassaclinseiiks,  .)r  they  so  called  the  people  of  thiit 
place,  were  joined  in  coiid'deracy  with  the  ]\aiiohi<j'<:anneuks,  a  peopled!' 
Narohi'i'ianset,  and  tiait  they,  iherelin  :',  would  take  this  opporlunity  to  cut 
oil  (",ipl.  .S7(^f/i.'//.s/(  and  his  company  abroad ;  but  howsoever,  in  the  nicjiii- 
lime,  ii  was  to  be;  feared,  [he  said,]  thai  liie  Nanobijiuaneuks  would  assaiik 
tin-  town  at  home;  <;'ivinjr  mnny  reasons  for  his  jealousy;  as  also  that  7Vs- 
q^innlu  n  w;is  in  iIk;  conli'deracy,  w  ho,  [he  said,]  we  should  (iiid,  would  use 
many  persuasions  to  draw  us  from  our  shallops  to  the  Indians'  houses  l()r 
their  better  adxantaiK." 

Nescrliieless,  they  proceeded  on  tln'ir  voyajre,  !md  when  they  bad  turned 
the  point  called  the  (hinicrs  Ao.w,  a  l!ds(!  messeiifiiM-  camo  runiiiiiir  into 
Plimoutb  town,  ap|iarently  in  ii  j:reat  (i'iirht,  cnit  (.f  breath,  and  bleediii},' 
from  a  wound  in  bis  ftice.  He  told  them  tli;it  C(ftinh'itnnt,\\\\\t  many  ofllie 
Narrajiaiisets,  and  he  believed  J\liissa.ioit  with  them,  wcrt;  ('(Unin^^  to  ilc- 
Kti'oy  liu-  (liuilish.  \o  one  doubled  of  his  sincerity,  and  the  fust  thouilitiil' 
lh(!  peop'e  was  to  brini''  back  their  military  leadei',  who  had  just  ;:one  ill 
the  boat  w  itli  Uohomok.     A  piece  of  cannon  was  ininicdiately  djscliurjjod 


m 


[Rook  II 

y  «lio   nrnoii;'«| 

I'caiisc  tlinniili 

without  \\j|i,.|, 

[my  ovory  iiiiml 
■<  fiitj'i'nrs  Id  IN, 
li.  Amid  tiicir 
!•  the  -wrulli  di' 
■  ill  a  lin;it  ilir 
,vcn!  (IrowDci; 

licard    liow  his 

t»'    to    tllCIII,    l^) 

r  a  warm  tcm. 
a  food  end,  if 
licr  tiicrc  Way 

(iod's    illKlLfc,'' 

beni   lia|i|iy  if 

istory  of  niiich 
iiirc,  and  inon. 
vcver,  \vc  will 
iic  iimst  t;ik(; 
I  lis.  Althoiidi 
t  tlion;  ri'iiidiii 
•i'd. 

tail!  amonir  tlu; 
.  He  vu'wt'  tn 
lio  I'iiiiilisli  IIS 
;•  li'inidslii|i  uf 
iiat  li(!  was  ii 
tlif  Fiidiaiis  ii; 
Icarniii;:  llicii: 
siicli  as  (•(ini, 
I  tlic  Irulli  (if  a 
is  iiiU;rrii|iti()ii 

s,  the  pil-ri'iiiis 

•t,  as    Ihihomiik 

rcat   sat'liciii, 

i^aiiist  tli('ii), 

irt'iimstaiH'i'. 

tlu-    Kii^lisli 

licy  lid'aii  to 

liat  lie  liiiiid 

ICOjilc   of  llillt 

a  people  (if 
limity  to  cut 
ill  the  iiieati- 
uoidd  assaiilt 
so  tiiat  7V,?- 
d,  would  use 
s'  houses  l()r 

y  liad  tiinii'd 
nnniii<>'  iiiKi 
iiid  iileediii;; 
many  ot'ilio 
imiii;^'  Id  (le- 
st thought  of 
just  ^oiie  in 
y  discharged 


Chap   H] 


IIOnOMOK  — SQUANTO--   Fr.RFIDY. 


wliieli,  to  llK'ii"  f'reat  joy,  soon  caused  tlii!  Iioat  to  return,  not  havi;:;.''  jnt  o:it 
of  licarin;;'.  Tliev  had  i:o  sooner  arriviii,  tliaii  llohomttk  told  lliciii  there  waa 
no  tiii'li  ill  tiie  I'eporl,  and  said  it  was  a  plol  el"  SfjiainU),  who  \vas  then  with 
fhi'Mi  iiikI  <'ven  one  (d'  llinse  ill  llie  iioat ;  that  he  knew  .M(tssii;::)'.l  would  not 
iiiideriake  siieli  ail  enterprise  willinnf  eonsnlliiii;'  him.  Ilohomuk  was  eoi.ll- 
(Init,  liecaiisi'  he  was  himself  a  <;reat  <  hieli  ami  <jiie  of  .Mdumm/iCs  eoni  s(d- 
lors.  S-iiiiinh)  denied  all  knowledfic  of  any  jdof,  and  tlms  ended  the  alliiir. 
Till'  l"iiii;lisli,  lio\\(wer,  seemed  W(dl  salislied  that  Sijudiitu  had  h'id  this  shal- 
low iiiol  to  set  tlieni  a.'iainsl  jMiissu'-'iiit,  thinkiiif;'  lliey  would  deslrov  him,  hy 
vliicli  means  he  expected  to  h  'ci  chief  saclnuii  ifimsidf;  and  this  seems 
llic  more  prii'iahje,  as  J/7,vs«soi7  \  .s  tor  se-ne  time  irrecoiieiiahle  hecaiise 
(jiev  wiilihi  Id  iiiiii  from  h'la,  when  he  had  lorleited  his  life,  as  in  onr  iiar- 
niiioii  has  been  ss-t  fortii.  JJiit  entirely  to  satisfy  the  l''ii;ilish,  flohoinol;  sent 
liis  wife  to  i'okanoket  privately  to  jiaiii  e.xact  iiittdlijience,  and  her  return 
oah  veiilied  what  her  linshand  had  said. 

'•'riiiis  hy  dejirees  (continues  If'iiisloir)  we  he;raii  to  discover  TlsijuanlurrU) 
whose  ends  wen?  only  to  make  himself  ;;reat  in  the  eyi's  of  his  countrynieij, 
liv  iiieaiis  ol' his  nearness  and  (iivor  with  us;  not  cariii^^  who  lidl,  so  ho 
nlodd.  In  jieiieral,  his  course  was,  to  persuade  tlieni  ho  could  lead  ns  to 
iicai'iMir  war  at  his  pleasiin^ ;  and  would  olt  threaten  the  Indians,  sending 
llii'Ni  word,  in  a  private  maimer,  \\v.  were  intended  shortly  to. kill  them,  that 
tl;''n'li\  hi'  niifiht  p-t  <xilts  t^)  himself,  to  work  I  heir  peace,  insonmch  as  they 
]iiid  liiiii  ill  ifrealer  esteem  than  many  of  their  sachems,  yea,  they  llieni- 
st'lvcs  sought  to  him,  w!io  promised  them  peace  in  res|)ect  of  us;  yea,  and 
nrotectioii  also,  so  as  they  would  resort  to  him.  So  that  wherc'as  divers 
well'  wont  to  j'(dy  on  Afitsaassowal  liir  |)rotei'tioii,  and  resort  to  his  ahodo, 
jiiiw  tliey  hf'irau  to  leave  him,  and  seek  after  7''is<jiiiinliini.  Hut  when  wo 
iiiid.'rstood  his  dealing'  ,  we  eertitied  all  tia^  Indians  of  our  iiiiiorancf:  and 
iiinoceiicy  therein;  assuring!-  them,  till  they  he^fuii  with  us,  they  should  liavo 
110  cause  to  ti;ar :  and  if  any  hereafter  should  raise  an_\  such  re|i(nts,  they 
should  pimisli  tiioni  as  liars,  and  seiduM'sol'thoir  and  our  disturbam-e ;  which 
ga\t' the  Indi. 'IIS  "rood  satis  iictioii  on  all  sides."  ^^l'\)r  tlies(!  and  the  like 
ahiisi's,  the  irovcriior  sharply  reprovod  him,  yet  was  he  so  necessary  and 
j)rolilal)!e  e.n  instrmnent,  as  at  tiiat  tim«?  we  could  not  miss  him." 

To  the  end  that  he  mi::ht  poss'  ss  his  codiitiymen  with  j;reat  l!:ar  of  the 
Eiiiilisii,  Tisiiiinntiiin  told  them  the  I'liji'lish  \n'\n  the  plaifiie  buried  in  ilieir 
gtori'-lidiise,  and  that  they  could  send  it,  at  any  time,  and  to  any  j)l,ice,  to 
destroy  whatever  per. diis  or  people  they  would,  thouiih  they  themselves 
i^tirred  not  out  of  d(;  )rs.  Amonjj  the  rest,  he  had  madi;  Holwinok  hi  lieve 
this  tale,  wiio  asked  tin;  J'iiij;lish  if  it  were  true,  and  being  infoi'me<l  that  it 
WHS  not,  it  exploded  fike  his  other  iinpostiir<!s. 

There  is  but  little  doiiltt  that  Squanlo  wns  in  the  interest  of  Caunbitanty 
and  lived  amoiii!:  the  I'iiiiilish  as  a  spy,  while  Ifohoinok  Wiis  honotly,  us  ho 
})i('lende<l,  a  stroiij;"  (i-ituid  to  them;  but  for  souk;  time  it  was  nearly  impos- 
i^ihle  tiir  tiiem  to  know  which  was  tiieir  liest  friend,  as  each  seemed  emu- 
lous to  outvie  the  other  in  good  otiices.  Tliey  wfM'f!,  however,  at  this  time 
B.t'stied  ;  liir,  llobomolis  wife  having  told  jM",^sfisoit  what  had  haj)pened,  and 
tiiat  it  was  one  of  Siiu>inlo\i  men  that  gave  the  alarm,  satistied  him  that  th.af 
wigamore  had  eausiMl  it,  and  he  therefore  dt!mand<'d  him  of  the  I'jiglish, 
thiit  lie  niiuht  put  him  to  death,  according  to  their  law,  as  has  been  related. 
IJiit  lh(!  Hnglish,  regarding  the  bein-tit  resulting  to  them  h'om  saving  hiu 
lill',  inori!  tlian  kee|)iiig  inviolate  the  treaty  befort;  made  with  Alassnsoit, 
evaded  the  demand,  and  thus  .Sf/itrnt/o  was  permitted  to  (!sca])e. 

//o/iOHio/i'.  was  greatly  beloved  by  jl/i'wsrt.foi/,  notwithstanding  he  becaiiu!  a 
jiniti'ssed  (Christian,  iuid  Mnsmsoit  was  always  opposed  to  the  I'.nglish  religion 
liiiiiself.  It  has  been  told  in  the  lili'  of  the  great  .MassiLsoit,  how  vahiablo 
was  the  agency  of  Jlohowok,  in  tiiill  "ully  rexcaling  the  mischievous  plot  of 
Cannhitant,  which  terminated  in  the  death  of  If'itI  hnnml  and  Pclcsiiot.  Ilo 
was  \h(\  |)ilot  of  the  liiiglish  when  they  visited  JMnsstt.soil  in  his  sickness, 
whom  before  their  arrival  they  considered  dead,  which  caused  great  inani- 
r''stations  id"  grief  in  Hohomok.  Me  olteii  exciaimed.  as  they  were  on 
tliL'ir  way,  " ^Yeen  womasu  Sagiinus,  nctn  woniasu  Sagiimis"  &ic.,  w Inch  is, 


ft'' 


ji^'f*!!   V"" 


f^ 


'in 


40 


A  VOYAGE— NANEPASHEMET.—OnnATmEWAT.         [Book  II 


"My  loving  Snclinii,  my  loviiiir  Snclinn  !  many  liavo  T  known,  but  never  ,inv 
like  tlicc."  Then,  tiirninfr  to  Mv.  If'inslow,  stM,  -'While  yon  live  _\on  v,ii| 
never  see  his  like  iimoii^  tlie  IiKJians;  that  he  was  no  liar,  nor  hlnody  mij 
rrnel  like  other  Indians.  In  iinjr<'r  and  passion  lie  was  soon  rctlaini!  d  ;  o.^y 
to  he  reconciled  to^\ar(ls  snch  as  had  olli'nded  him;  that  his  reason  \v;:'i. 
sneli  as  to  cause  hiii  to  receive  advice  of  mcjin  men;  and  that  he  fi<i\i  ri.i,] 
Lis  |)eo])le  better  with  lew  blows,  than  otlx'rs  did  with  many." 

Jn  the  division  of  the  land  at  I'limontli  anionj:  the  inliabitJiiits,  Ilohcinok 
received  a  lot  as  his  share,  on  which  he  residtMl  alter  the  I'njilish  mam  i)' 
and  <lied  a  Cin-istian  among  tiiem.  TIk;  year  of  his  death  does  not:  i;|  |m;:i, 
but  was  ]>r«nions  to  1()4!^. 

It  has  already  been  mentiimed  tliat  the  ])iljrrims  made  a  voyage;  to  M.isn;. 
clinsetts  in  the  antmnn  of  Kjy],  It  was  in  this  vcnagi;  that  they  iMH-iiim. 
nc(iiiainted  with  the  liimc  of  A''(inefn.'!hc)itet.  'J'he  English  had  heard  i!;;,| 
the  Indians  in  th(!  Massachusetts  had  threatened  tiiein,  and  they  went  (^i,\. 
Mourl)  "partly  to  see  the  country,  partly  to  make  iieuce  witii  them,  iii.il 
partly  to  procure  their  truck." 

S(ju(tnto  was  pilot  in  this  voyage.  They  went  asliore  in  the  bottom  of  tlio 
bay,  and  landed  under  a  clilf  which  some*  liave  suppo  d  was  what  Iih.s 
be(!ii  since  called  (opp's  llill,t  now  the  north  part  of  Hoston.  Tiiis  ^\as  cm 
20tli  Sept.  Kiiil.  'IMiey  saw  no  Indians  until  some  time  alter  they  \\f\,\ 
ashore,  but  found  a  ])arcel  of  lobsters  which  they  had  collected,  with  wliidi 
they  refreshed  themselves.  Hoon  alter,  as  they  ^vcre  ]>roceeding  on  ;in 
excursion,  "  they  met  a  woman  coming  liir  her  lobsters."  They  toltl  licr 
what  they  had  done,  and  paid  her  lor  tliem.  She  tohl  them  where  to  I'rd 
Indians,  and  Squanto  went  to  them  to  ])rei)are  them  l()r  mcjctimr  with  ilie 
English. 

Ohlmtineu'itt  now  received  the  voyagers.  This  stichem  (if  he  be  ijic 
same)  had  mad<i  |)eac<!  with  the  Engii  li  at  Plimouth  only  seven  days  pic- 
vious,  as  we  have  had  occasion  to  notice.  He  told  them  Ik;  was  sachem  of 
the  place,  and  was  subject  to  Massnsoit ;  and  that  he  dared  not  reniain  Ion;; 
ill  any  place,  from  li-ju  of  the  Tarratines,  who  wen;  "wont  to  come  iit  Jinr. 
vest  and  take  away  their  eoi'ii,and  many  times  kill  them."  Also  that  Stjuim- 
SacJwm  of  INlassachusetts  was  his  enemy.  This  S(jvnw-S(irhcni,\  as  ^\^'  he- 
lieve,  was  ciiief  of  those  inland  Indians  since  denominated  the  Nipnets,  (ir 
Nipmucks,  and  liv<'(l  at  this  time  near  "NVacimset  IVIountaii-.  'J'he  ]'^niii>li 
intended  §  to  liave  visited  her  at  this  time,  l)nt  found  the  distance  too  jM'ca 
to  proceed.  1'liey  received  the  greatest  kindness  from  all  the  Indians  \\:v\ 
met  with,  and  mentioned  that  of  Ohbatintivat  in  particular.  And  they  s;iy, 
"  WtMold  him  of  divers  saehims  that  had  acknowled^'cd  themselves  to  lip 
King  Jmnes  bis  men,  and  if  he  also  ivould  submit  himself,  \\  we  wotdd  be  his 
safeguard  from  bis  enemies,  wliieb  he  did." 

At  another  i)lace,  "having  gone  three  miles,  in  arms,  up  in  the  country, 
we  came  (say  they)  to  a  place  where  corn  had  l)een  newly  gathered,  a  beiisc 
pulled  down,  and  the  people  gone.  A  mile  from  hence,  Sanepatihinnl, 
their  king,  in  bis  life-time  bad  lived.H  His  bouse  was  not  like  others,  but  a 
scalfold  was  largely  built,  with  poles  and  jjlanks,  some  six  lijot  from  [llic] 
ground,  and  the  bouse  upon  that,  l)eing  situated  on  the  top  of  a  bill.  iNdt 
far  li-om  hence,  in  a  bottom,  we  came  to  a  fort,"  built  by  ManepasheDiel.    It 

*  Dr.  litlfniap  appeiiis  to  linve  been  the  first  who  sii^fgcsted  this.    See  his  liio;;.  ii.  .2JI. 

t  We  had  supposed  lliis  cmiueiice  to  have  been  so  called  liom  a  ropse  or  elnnip  (jI  incs, 
which  for  n  long  lime  remained  upon  it,  alter  it  became  know  n  to  llic  whiles  ;  Imt  Sliuir, 
Di'srnp.  liostoii,  C)l ,  !ii\yi  il-  was  named  from  one  ('(>])j),  i\  slioeniiiker.  And  ^?ivic,  Ilisl. 
liuslDii,  IOj,  says  William  (^opp  was  the  proprietor  of  '•  a  porliim  of  the  hill.'" 

X  "  Sachems  or  sa;;;ainores, — which  are  but  one  and  the  same  title, — the  first  more  u>iml 
will)  the  southward,  tlie  other  wmIi  the  northward  Indians,  to  exjiress  the  title  of  him  that  liiuli 
the  chief  command  of  a  place  or  people."     Hist.  N.  K.  (iO. 

§  t^lutlliick  (Hist.  Concord,  i!)  says  she  was  visited  at  this  time  by  these  voyapcrs,  liiil  I 
am  not  able  to  arrive  at  any  such  conclusion  from  any  source  of  information  in  my  jos- 
session. 

II  It  does  not  seem  from  this  that  he  is  the  sainc  who  before  had  siibmilled  at  Plinionlh,  as 
Mr.  Prince  stipjoyex. 

M  Mr.  Shaltuck  in  bis  Hist.  Concord,  says,  this  "  was  in  Mcdford,  near  Mystic  Pond." 


■rr. 


Chap  H] 


NANEPASIIEMKT.— HIS  DKATH,  Sec. 


41 


SJi^ 


was  imulf'  ^vitll  "poles  some  ']0  <ir  40  foot  loiijL',  stuck  in  tlio  irroiiiid,  as  thick 
nx'tlicv  "oiil''  lie  set  one  l)y  allot  lier,  and  wiili  these  tliey  eiiclDsed  a  lii  ;^ 
fioiiie  4^  "■  '"'^^  '''"'  •'^'''"*  '^  trencli,  lireast  liiiili,  was  dif.'^-ed  on  each  sid  ■.* 
One  wav  lh(.'re  was  to  f^et  hito  it  uitii  a  lirid^c.     In  tlit;  midst  ol"  tliis  jiali- 

|„  stood  tlie  li-aine  ol'  mi  lionse,  wherein,  iiein^x  dead,  lie  lay  buried. 
A|„)Ut  ;i  mile  ti-om  hence,  \vv  canit;  to  Mich  another,  hut  seated  on  the  top 
ot'aii  iiill.  H<'i't"  -Vuncpaslieinet  was  killed,  none  dwelliiifr  in  it  since  llic 
tiiii'c  ol"  his  death." 

Vcc'iniinir  to  Mr.  Lemis,  JVanrpashemet  was  killed  about  the  year  Kil!',  ami 
Ills  widow,  who  was  S(junw-S(tchcin  bcilbre  iianied,  continued  the  trovernnu  iit.f 
II,,  Icjt  live  childi-en,|  Ibnr  of  wh<)S(;  names  we  <:ather  Ironi  the  interesting 
i|j^,,,i-v  of  JiVnn ;  aiz.  1.  Montownntpatr,  called  by  the  Enj.'lish  Sdirdiiiore 
hiiiics.'  lie  was  siicheni  of  Saii<f|is.  'i.  .Ihiirail.  ti  ihiU'^liUy.  'X  IVonoluujua- 
htiiii  called  S<ts:<t>iiore  John,  sachem  of  W'iimesimet.  4.  hinufpurkitt,  called 
^iintinorc  (jeori^e,  or  Gronrc  Jiuiinicifiii'irsh,  the  successor  of  Muntowampnle  at 
^'iH'fUS.    Of  most  of  these  we  shall  speak  in  detail  herealh-r. 

Smiiiw-Sdchetn,  accnrding  to  the  authority  last  mentioned,  was  the  s|i()iise 
of  fCdujutroirel,^  or  It'chcnwit,  in  1(>}5.  She  and  her  hiisband,  ibnr  years 
j,j„.|-^  |(i:j;(,  deeded  to  yo///r/»i  (ithbours  *' tlui  revcirsion  of  all  that  |)arc(,'l  of 
liiiid  wlii<'li  li(!s  against  the  ponds  of  Mystic,  to^zether  with  the  said  jtonda, 
all  whicii  we  reserv(;d  ii'om  (Jliarlestown  and  Cambrid;;*',  lat(^  called  i\<!W- 
towii,  after  the  death  ol"  me,  the  said  Siiiww-SnvJtein."  The  consideration  was, 
I'tlic  many  kindni'sses  and  lienetits  we  have  received  from  th«!  hands  of 
Cai)t;iin  Edward  Gibbones,  of  Boston." 

The  Sqi'a-Saciikm's  mark  ^^ 
Webcowit's  imtrk  -" — >- 

JVehccwit  was  a  powwow  prifist,  or  masrical  j)]iysician,  and.vas  considered 
next  in  importance;  to  JVanrpashemet  amoiif;  the  subjects  of  that  chitifj  atter 
his  death  ;  as  a  matter  of  course,  his  widow  took  him  to  her  bed.  It  does 
not  a|ti»ear,  that  he  was  cither  much  respectcul  or  thoiij^ht  nnich  of;  especiai- 
Iv  liv  his  wile,  as  in  the  above  extract  from  tlicMr  deed,  no  provision  seems 
to  liave  been  made  t()r  him  after  her  death,  if  he  outlived  h(>r.  At  all 
events,  we  may  conclude,  without  hazard  we  think,  that  if  breeches  had 
been  in  fashion  ainonir  Indians,  the  wife  of  Wcbcowit  would  have  been  uc- 
coiiiifahle  for  the  article  in  this  case. 

hi  Kll!^,  Massachusetts  covtmanted  with  "  lVasmmeqnin,J^ashoonoi)i  Kulrh- 
amnipiin,  Missaconomet,  tmd  Sf]uaw-Snrhem"\\  to  tin;  end  that  mutual  bene- 
lit  iiiii;lit  accriK!  to  each  party.  Tlie  sachems  put  themselves  under  tho 
m)vernn;eiit  of  the  lOiifrlish,  affiH'eiiiif  to  observe  their  laws,  in  as  liir  iis  lliey 
sliDiild  he  macU'  to  iiii(lerstand  tln^ni.  For  this  confidenct;  and  concession 
of  their  persons  and  lands  into  their  hands,  the;  Enj;lisli  on  their  part  ajjireed 
to  extend  the  saiiK!  protection  to  them  and  their  people  as  to  their  Jiii^lish 
siiiiji'cts.!! 

Vviiat  had  become  of  JVe.browit  at  this  time  does  not  appear;  })erhnps  he 
was  nirpoww()win<r,  or  at  home;,  doing  the  ordinary  labor  of  the  household. 
We,  hear  of  him,  however,  ibnr  yetirs  after,  (11)47,)  "takiiiir  an  active  part" 
ill  the  endeavors  made  by  the  Eimlish  to  Christiain/e  his  countrymen.  "  Ho 
asked  the  Kuglish  why  some  of  them  had  been  27  y>-ars  in  tlit;  land,  and 
never  taught  them  to  know  (iod  till  then.  Had  you  done  it  sooner,  (said 
lie,)  wt!  might  liiiv<;  known  much  of  God  by  this  time,  and  much  sin  might 
have  been  prevented,  but  now  some  of  lis  are  grown  [too]  old  in  sin." 

*  Mi'^lil  not,  liieii,  tiie  western  mounds  liavc  b.;  n  formed  by  Indians? 

t  lli-i.  byiiM,  Hi. 

}  .S"i((7//f.l',  lb.  who  (ixes  iicr  residence  at  Concord  ;  slie,  doubllcss,  had  several   places  of 

rc>:ili'lire, 

v'l  His  iiainn  is  spoil  Wi'ltroiril.s  lo  IMS.  deed  in  my  possession,  and  in  !\Ir.  Sliattuck's  MSS. 
Willi)  Willi- ills   MS  a|)p(^■lrs  (roin  his  II  slory. 

II  III  ilic  llisln-ij  of  I'll'  X ir  -,1^ risi't  0)(tH<  ?/.  ihose  names  arc  wrillen  l\'itxsi)nrxiin, 
I^iix'ir.v  inoii,  Cuts'iuinxc.'ii',  Miissunniiiifll,  and  tiqua-klacliein.  JSoc  3  Col.  Mass.  Hist.  Hue. 
i.'JIJ. 

11  tioo  Gookin's  AfS.  Ilist.  Praying  JnJians, 


«\v*^^, 


12 


SOME   ACCOUNT  OF   THE   MASSACHUSETTS. 


[Rook  II, 


The  nnjrlisli  siiid  tlicy  ro[)('iit((l  of  tlicir  iic<;lcct ;  but  iTrollprtinjrflioinsolvps 
tiiswiTcd,  "You  were  not  \viUi!!<,'  to  ln'uro  till  now,"  iiiwl  tliat  (Jod  lutd  not 
turned  tliuir  liriirts  till  tlicn.* 

Ot'tlM'  suclicnis  who  tnadc  tlic  covcn.'int  above  liiiincd,  llic  first  W(>  fiipjuKp 
to  have  been  .Mitssdsoit,  on  the  part  o!"  tiie  Wanipanoaj^s,  w  ho  at  thir<  lirm. 
was,  perha|)s,  ainonj;  tlie  Ni|)ninks;  A'm/(oo«o»,  a  Nipinni<  (diieli  witli  wIkih, 
Ma.isasoil  now  ri!sided.  His  residence  was  near  wiiat  was  since  Ma^ns  lli|| 
in  Worcester  connly.  He  was  probal)i\  at  I'linioutb,  \\l  Sejit.,  Kl'il,  wlvr^ 
lio  sifrned  a  treaty  witli  eijfht  otliers,  as  we  have  set  down  in  the  liCe  offV/ioi. 
litanl  His  name  is  there  spelt  jYaltuwnkunt.  In  Winthrop's  Jonnml, 
it  is  JVdsharowHin,  and  wo  snpjiosu  lie  was  lather  of  JVas.^nminno,  nienti(iii|.(l 
by  fyhiliui/.\  Kidcliamaqiiin  was  suchein  of  Dorciicster  and  vicinity,  tinj 
Massaconomd  was  Mascononomo. 


H§tt 


■r 


,1  >  rff;'»^^ 


CHAPTER  ni. 

Some  account,  of  the,  Mr.ssuchusctn — fleoifriiphij  rf  tltrir  country — CiiiKATAunrT— 
Wami'atiick — his  mar  icith  the  Jit  hawks — Mascononomo — Canonicis — Mon- 
TovvA.MrATK — Sniiill-poT    distresses   the.    Indians — WoNoiiAqcAii am — Wi.nnki'ih- 

KIT MANATAmiUA ScITTEUVrillSSET — N  ATT  AH  ATT  A  WANTS — \V  AlIGUM  Act  T- 

jAlK-STEt^W Ja.MKS. 

Not  long  hofore  the  settlement  of  Pliinonth,  lie  Massachusetts  lind  bpon 
a  numerous  i)eo|)le,  but  were  {rreatly  reduced  at  this  time;  |)artly  Ironi  tlic 
great  piaiiue,  of  which  we  have  already  spoken,  and  suliseciuently  from  tlicir 
wars  witli  the  Tarratines.  Of  this  war  none  but  th<^  scanty  records  of  tlie 
first  setthu's  are  to  be  had,  and  in  them  few  particulars  are  preserved;! 
tlierel  'le  it  will  not  be  expected  that  ever  a  complete  account  of  the  territn- 
ries  and  power  of  the  JMassachusetts  can  be  jjiven ;  broken  dow  n  as  tin  y 
were  at  llie  tune  they  became  known  to  the  Europeans ;  tor  we  have  seen  tliiu 
their  sachems,  when  first  visited  by  the  Plimouth  i)eo|)le,  were  sliiftin<r  Ihr 
their  lives — not  daring  to  lodge  a  second  night  in  the  same  jjlace,  from  tlicir 
fear  of  the  Tarratines.  Hence,  if  these  Indians  had  existed  as  an  independ- 
ent tribe,  their  history  was  long  since  swe|)t  away  "in  gloomy  tempests," 
and  obscured  in  "a  night  of  clouds,"  and  nothing  but  a  meagre  tradition  iv- 
iiiained.  For  some  time  after  the  country  was  settled,  they  would  l!y  lor 
protection  from  tlu;  TarLitines  to  the  houses  of  the  English. 

It  is  said,  by  Mr.  Gookiii,  thut  "their  chief  sachem  held  dominion  over 
many  other  petty  governors  ;  as  those  of  Weechagaskas,  Ne|)onsitt.  Pmikii- 
paog,  Nonaiitimi,  Nasliaway,  some  of  the  Nipmiick  |»eo])le,  as  fiir  as  Pokciii- 
takiike,  as  ;he  old  men  of  Massachusetts  atlirmed.  This  people  cohh',  in 
former  times,  arm  for  war  about  3C0O  men,  as  the  old  Indians  declare. 
Th»;y  were  in  hostility  very  oliv'ii  with  the  Narragansitts ;  but  held  riiiity, 
for  the  most  part,  with  the  Pawkunnawkutts."§  Near  the  mouth  of  Cliiirli's 
River  "  used  to  be  the  gei;eral  rende/vous  of  all  the  Indians,  both  on  tlie 
south  and  north  side  of  the  countrv."||  Hutchinson ^il  says,  "That  circle 
which  nou  makes  the  haibors  of  Boston  and  t/harh'stown,  rornd  by  31;;!- 
den,  (^lielsea,  Nantasket,  Hingham,  Weymouth,  Braintree,  and  Dorcjiei-tci-, 
was  the  <'apiial  of  a  great  sach(>m,**  much  revered  by  all  the  |ilaiit;uioi:s 
round  about.  Tlu;  trailition  is,  that  this  sachem  had  his  prii!ci|)al  si'at  upon 
a  small  hill,  or  rising  upland,  in  the  midst  of  a  body  of  salt  niarsh  in  tlie 
township  of  Dorchester,  near  to  a  place  called  Sqiiantuin."|t     Hence  it  will 

*  lliKl.  C(.ii(nr(l,  M.  t  Hist.  Worccslcr  Co.  174. 

\  This  w,ir  w.H  r,iiii(vl,  says  Mr.  If/ibbiril, '■  t\\)on  ili(>  account  of  some  trcai  1ii^r\  "  on 
the  |>iiil  ol'llip  wislcni  Iribes,  i.  c.  llie  tiiliCS  \vi:st  ol  llio  Moiriiuai  l(.      Jliyl.  AV;c    llii'':  oi). 

6   1  Coll,  Ahiss.  Hi. I.  Soc.  i.  M.'!.  II   llisl.  N.  i:ii;r.  32 

II   From  ,\f'al's  Ifisf.  N.  /'.Vir.,  prohnlily,  vvliicli  see. 

**  Ii  will  lie  a  i^ooil  wlillo  l)i'lore  the  ptcsnil  possessors  of  llie  coiinlry  can  l)oiist  of  siirli  a 
ccpilal. 

ft  J  list.  Mass.  i.  dGO.     And  here  il  was,  I  supiioso,  that  tiic  I'liiiioulh  j  eopio  landed  in  llicii 


m 


m. 


m 


Chap.  HI] 


CHIKATAUnUT— VISITS  BOSTON. 


43 


be  obsrrvod,  that  ainonj^  tlio  n.  rnimts  of  tlir>  (•■•irlicst  wrifors,  tlio  (loiniiiiotiH 
(litlt'iHMit  saclii'iiis   wiTi'  coiisidi'n'd  as  coiiiini'liciKlcd    within   vi-ry 
a  kind  <»t'  jfcncral   idea,  ihiMcrorc,  can   only  Iti"   liad  of  tho 
Jt  is  ('vi<hMir  that  the  Massachusetts  were  cither 


of  IlK- 

dilfcicnt  limits;  a 

extent  of  llu'ir  ])<)Ssessions. 

siihiect  to  the  Narrajransctts,  or  in  alliance  with  tlietn;  for  when  the  latter 

were  at  war  with  the   Pcipiots,  Chikdtaiibut  and  Sajraniore  John   both   went 

with  inanv  mh'Ii  to  aid  Canoiikus,  who  had  sent  for  them.     'J'his  war  began 

ill  |(i;W,  and  ciultd  in  1().'M,  to  tli(!  advanlaiTf!  of  the  l'e(|iiots. 

\Vc  siiall  now  proceed  to  s|)eak  of  tlie  chiefs  ajrree.-dily  to  our  |)lan. 

Chikntnubul,  or  Chikkalnbak, — in  l'iUi>lish,  a  Itoiiae-n-fire, — was  a  saclieni  of 
roiisiderahle  note,  and  ffcneraily  su|)posed  to  have  had  dominion  over  tlu; 
Massachusetts  Indians.  Thomas  Morion  incntinus  him  in  his  Ni'.w  Canaan, 
jis  sachem  of  Passonajresit,  (about  Weymouth,)  and  says  liis  mollier  was 
liinicd  there.  I  need  make-  no  coinin<Mits  upon  the  authority,  or  warn  the 
reader  concerninji  the  stories  of  .1/o>-/oh,  as  this  is  done  in  almost  every 
l)()ok,  early  and  late,  about  New  England;  but  shall   relate   tin;  Ibllovving 

from  him. 

In  the  first  settling  of  Plimouth,  some  of  the  company,  in  wandering  about 
iiiioii  discovery,  came  upon  an  Indian  grave,  which  was  that  of  the  mother 
of  Chikatanbut.  Over  the  body  a  stake  was  set  in  the  L'roimd,  and 
two  bear-skins,  sewed  together,  spread  over  it;  these  the  I''nglisii  took 
awav.  When  this  caine  to  the  knowledge  of  Chikatuuhut,  be  complained  to 
liis  people,  and  d'tnanded  immediate  vengeance.  Wiion  they  were  ns- 
gi'iahled,  ho  thus  harangued  them:  "When  last  the  glorious  liglit  ol"all  the 
sky  was  underneath  this  globe,  and  birds  grew  silent,  I  began  to  settle,  as 
my  custom  is,  to  tike  reposi\  Before  mine  eyes  W(>re  fiist  closed,  me  tbo't 
1  saw  a  vision,  at  which  my  spirit  was  nnich  troiil)|i'd,  and  trendjling  at  that 
doleful  sight, a  spirit  cried  aloud,  'IJehold!  my  son,  whom  I  have  cherished; 
see  tiie  paps  that  gave  thee  suck  the  bands  that  clasped  th(>e  warm,  and  fed 
tJKM' oil;  canst  thou  forget  to  takt^  revenge  of  thosi;  wild  people,  that  hath 
inv  monument  detiuMul  in  a  despiteful  manner;  disdaining  our  aneii-nt  anti- 
(jiiities,  and  honorable  customs.  See  now  the  sachem's  grave  lies  like  imto 
the  conunon  peoph>,  of  ignoble  race  d(>(;iced.  Thy  motlu^r  doth  complain, 
iiii|)kircs  thy  aiil  against  this  thievish  pe()|)le  new  come  liitiuir;  if  this  be 
siitfercd,  I  shall  not  rest  in  qi'iet  within  my  everlasting  habitation.'"* 

Battle  was  the  unanimous  resolve,  and  the  liUglish  wen  watched,  and 
followed  from  pla<"o  to  place,  until  at  length,  as  some  were  going  asliore  in 
a  l)oat,  they  fell  upon  them,  but  gained  no  advantage.  AII(m"  maintaining 
the  fiirht  for  some  time,  and  being  driven  from  tree  to  tree,  the  chief  captain 
was  wounded  in  tiie  arm,  and  the  whole  took  to  tlight.  This  action  caused 
the  natives  about  IMimoiith  to  look  u|>on  the  l''nglish  as  invincil)le,  and  this 
was  t!ie  reason  why  |>eace  was  so  long  maintained  between  them.  Of  the 
tune  and  circimistances  of  this  battle  or  fight  we  have  detailed  at  length  in 
a  previous  chapter. 

Mniifs  Relation  goes  far  to  establish  the  main  facts  in  the  above  account 
It  says,  "  We  brought  sundry  of  the  prettiest  things  away  with  ns,  and  cov- 
ei(!(l  the  cor;)se  up  again,"  and,  "then;  was  variety  of  ojiinions  amongst  us 
ahout  tlie  end)aline(l  jierson,"  but  no  mention  of  tho  b^^ar-skins. 

From  a  comparison  of  th«!  difl'ereiit  iicconnts,  there  is  but  little  doubt,  that 
the  Knglish  were  attacked  at  Namskekit,  in  conso(]uenco  of  their  ih'preda- 
tions  upon  th"  gravi's,  corn,  &zv.  of  the  Indians. 

In  Kl'il,  Chikataubut,  with  eight  other  sachems,  acknowledged,  by  a  writ- 
tiMi  instrumtnit,  which  we  have  already  given,  themselves  the  sidijticts  of 
King  James.  Ten  years  af\er  this,  2U  March,  l(i.'ll,  be  visited  Covcriior 
JVinthrop  at  lioston,  and  i)resented  him  with  a  liogsboad  of  corn.  Many  o*" 
"iiis  sannops  and  squaws"  came  with  him,  but  win-e  most  of  them  so... 
away,  "after  they  had  all  dim-d,"  allhorgh  it  thundered  and  rain(;d,  and  tho 
govtirnor   urged   tlu^ir   stay;  Chikalaiihid   proba!)ly   feared   they  woidd   bo 

vova'fo  lo  Mas-iacliiist lis  l)c!bro  spoken  o(,  aii'l  Iroiii  ^i/utiito  who  was  with  ihL'iii  it  prohiilily 
rei'i'ivi'd  its  nnine. 

*  il'this  l>e  tioi:oii.  a  mo'liTii  ronipil-r  ha'i  (h-rfivol  snmt'  of  his  rpa'icrs.  Tlio  arij'loin 
the  Arui'rrHr  M i!rti;inf  may  have  lii-cii  his  source  of  iuloniuilioa,  bul  llie  original  may  be 
seen  i^  mien's  AVu'  fjn'ijum,  uw;  ^^jui  1117. 


^ 

■!'! 

i 

m 

1 

if 

si 

^■'■''i 

1 

I" 

s 

■|y 

»i!?l 


;i:^^'l. 


m 


.t^p 


44 


CITIKATAUnUT— ms   nRATH. 


[Hook  11 


burdensome.     At  tliis  titiie  lie  wore  l'!iii;lisli  clotlies,  imd  wMt  at  tlie  jroMrti. 
or'n  Ifilile,  "  wliere   lie   lielmv.'d  liiiiiself  lis  soImtIv,  &e.  us  iiii   l''-ii};li.N|iiii,iii," 
Not  loiiy  a 
lor  I 


Iter,  lie  ealltMl  on  (iovernor   tf'iiithron,  anil   desired  to  l)ii\  ridil 


unisi 


H':  ll 


use  to  tnieU  : 


Kl 


le  <ro\ 
hut  ll 


eriior  inl<:rnied   liiiii  that   "  Mniiiisli 


sa^ramores  diil  u,\[ 


illed  his  tailor,  and   r^ave   liiii    (inlcr  to   make 


lit  of  clollies  ;  wli('reii|ion  lie<:a\('   tlie   rovciiior  two    Uir^v   sliiiis  of  r 


!IMli| 

-  .  "'^ 

l)(!aver."  In  a  few  days  liis  clollies  were  iiadv,  and  ili;'  ^roNci'iior  "|hiI  liim 
into  a  \<'r_v  jrood  new  suit  liom  head  to  loot,  and  alter,  i c  set  meal  In  llud 
them:  lull  he  would  not  eat  till  the  iiovernor  had  <;i\  en  lliai'U.^,  and  alter  itiint 
hv  desired  liiiii  to  ilo  the  like,  nn.i  so  departed," 

June  I  J,  l(i;Jl,  at  a  eoiirt,  ChUiulaulnit  v.as  ordered  to  pay  a  small   sKiiMif 
beavt  r,  to  satisly  I'or  one  ot'  his  men's  ha\iiiii'  killed  a  jiij:', —  wliicli  he 


A  man  l»v  the  name  ol  yVrf.sVofcc,  and  seme  others,  l:a\  in;:' >l(i| 


I'll 


plied  with. 

corn  tiom  him,  the  same  year,  tiie  eoint,  Sept.  *27,  ordered  that  Plusloivv  sl;niiii| 
restore  "two-fold,"  and  lose  his  title;  ol"  ^eiithniai!,  and  pay  C').  This  I  r~\\\u 
post!  fliey  deemed  etinivalent  to  lonr-lold.  His  aeeompliees  \\v\v  uhipi'ij, 
to  thv  siimc  (tmouiit.  The  next  year  we  find  him  eiiiiancd  with  other  saclicins 
ill  an  ex|K'dition  airainst  the  I'eipiots.  'I'le-  same  year  tvv(*  ol'  Ms  men  wtn- 
convicted  oi"  assaiillini;  some  persons  of  l>orcli'"ster  in  tlie.r  houses.  "  Tlicv 
were  |)iit  ir.  tin;  Itilhocs,"  and  himselt"  reipiii-ed  to  It, 'at  ihi'in,  which  he  did,' 

Tlie  small-pox  was  very  |»revalent  amonir  the  Indians  in  liW,  in  which 
year,  some  time  in  Novemlter,  Clnftnlduhitl  die<l. 

The  residence  of  the  liimily  oi'  Cfiikdlduhut  was  at  Telitieiit,  now  inch'diM 
ill  IVliddlel)oron<;li.  lie  was  in  ohediiuice  \t}  Massiisoit,  and,  like  other  I'liiil';;, 
Iiud  various  |)laees  of  resort,  to  si;it  the  diU'erent  seasons  oi"  the  year; 
Boinetimes  at  Wessajjiisciisscit,  sometimes  at  Nepons(!t,  and  esjiecially  ii|i(iii 
that  part  ol"  Namaskel  f  called  Teliticnl.  This  was  truly  a  river  oi"  siiira- 
mores.  Its  abundant  stores  of  fish,  in  the  sprinjr,  ilrew  tiiein  from  all  parts 
of  the  realm  of  the  chief"  Hachem 

III  d»!eds,  f,'ivcii  by  the  Indians,  the  place  of  their  resideiico  is  frenerally 
mentioned,  anil  from  what  w»i  shall  recite  in  the  progress  ot"  this  arlicli-,  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  sai;>o  chief" has  ditfenMil  residences  assifjiied  to  liiiii. 

Anj^nst  5,  1005,  Quincy,  then  Braiutree,  was  deeded  by  a  son  ol' Chili atau- 
but,  in  these  terms  : — 

§  "To  all  Indian  people  to  whom  tliese  presents  slinll  come;  ll'amjmluci 
alias  Josiali  Sajramorcy  of  IMassathusctts,  in  Neweiii'land,  the  son  iA'  Cliihitmt- 
but  deceased,  sendeth  j;reelin<r.  Know  yoo  that  tlie  said  ir(tn:j)(ilur!:,  Iiciii;; 
of  liill  a;re  and  powiM',  accordin;:;  lo  the  order  and  ;'nstoni  oi  the  natives, 
hath,  with  the  consent  oi"  his  wise  men,  vi/.  Sqiinm's;,  his  brother  nnnie!, 
anil  Old  Hiihi<tun,  and  Uillittm  Maiuuvumnll,  J ib  J\'itss Jt,  jMiimnilnsro  ll'illiam 
JV(ili(nitoii\\"  "  l''or  divers  f:oods  and  valuable  reasons  thernnto;  ami  in 
special  lbr"£21  10a.  in  hand.     It  was  sidtscrilied  a. id  w  itiie,-;sed  tin  s: — 

JosiAii,  «/ms  VVampatick, /n",9  |0  marke. 

Da  .NIK  I,  8quamog,  mid  n  mnrk. 

Oi.o  Nahatun,  and  a  vi'trk. 

Wii.MAM  IManumon,  and  a  mnrk. 

Job  Noistkn.ns. 

lioBKRT,  idiits  IVIamuntago,  mid  a  mark. 

WiLLI.iM  UaJIATUN. 

/»  presence  of 
Thomas  Kf.vahgunsson,  and  a  mark  O. 
JosKiMi  Ma.vu.mon,  his  .  —  -  mirk. 
Thomas  Wf.vmous,  his  O  mark. 


*  lldwfvcr  Iriio  tills  miglil  have  been  nl  llio  ;;i)M'riii)r,  M  Iciisl,  \vc  lliink,  lie  shinilil  uoi 
have  ii>r(l  llic  plural 

f  "  'I'ln  ni()~l  usual  rustom  ani'insj^M  ilinn  in  e.v(>r<'isiii!j  piiir<limriils,  is,  for  the  >ai  lii'm 
cither  lo  Iti'ai,  or  wli  J),  nr  put  (u  death  aiiIi  his  own  h.iu'l.  to  wliicli  llie  coiuiuoii  s<irl  iiiu>l 
qiiieilv  su'uuil."      U  iV'inmv. 

J  Nanianasiick  si'tuilieil  in  their  hmp\»n^  fis'n-s,  and  some  early  « role  Naiiiasiliriii  k. 

^  Hisiiirv  ol  (tiiiiiey,  l>y  Kev.  Mr.  Wliitiii'i/,  taken  I'loiii  the  criminal  in  the  possessi(  iief  llic 
Hon.  ./.  ii.  Ailaiiis. 

Jl  iV  luiltin,  or  Aluilon,  and  the  same  someilinos  wriJlen  Nehoiden.  See  Wvrt!n,t^lnni 
Kii'..  L\<li'ujL>n,  21.     iis^  au.il  iiuii.!>  ipcu  o.'.iu'.ca  Uiver  iu  I6u0.    ib. 


There  is  n 
jrrniulsoii  of 
coiiiitrv.  and 
town  ol'  Mosti 
or  siiiiie  one./' 
M-vcral  aiK'i'i 
till-  fir.-t  eoi.iii 
Kiiiii!  I  d,  my 
of  liiscoin'icil 
all'.  Jiiid  conlir 
|{  sides /).s'/ 
ktlmi.  and  A*'''' 

Jiisiiis,    or 
llii'  iiecds  w  liii 
soiilhwiird  (d 
JiiSiph  Tildcn, 
reij.  a  l,'ii'j:i'  H'ai 
'III    Kitl-i,  he 
Naiiiiis-'Mkett   r 
\\cstirly  (d"  the 
uise  idi  the  nn 
hounded  by  PI 
other,  extendiii 
KHIO  acres  uive 
deed  was  w  itne 
Alier  the  de; 
In  tlie  I'mmoi't 
(liiMi,  that  J()siii.< 
kafeesi'tt  to  li(d( 
111   ItillH,  "Jf;.' 
Studs. II  (d"  Scit 
coi!sidei"i''">M," 
ra^t  hy  SciiOiite, 
Jusids  had  a  s 
tiierace."t     Of 
ff'ar  httwcrn  ll 
war  liavin^r  now 
years,  divers  Iik 
!in  !iriiiy  of  aboi 
take   reven^'e   o 
wiilioiit  the  pnv 
EHut  and    myse 
re;is()iis  aiiainst 
liidians  went  on 
(St  •icneral  in  tli 
named  Josidh,  al 
M'i'y  vicious    pc 
reliirion  ;  !ind  so 
lime; — l()r  he  v 
nacliiin  and  his 
Oftiios.'  who 
onl ;  hut  there  w 
This  army  arr 
ulieii,  upon  b:  si 
sallii's,  and  sinid 
wiiile  the  MoIkin 


*  Printed  at  lenq-t 
i   Di-niie'.s  ///s7.  ^ 

t    llli.l.        SlllKttlKII 

u\  Ji'rrm'i.     Dr.  Hit 
4  1  Coll.  Mass.  IJ 


[Rook  II. 

iit  I  lie  <r(iM  ni. 

()  buy  cldili,.^ 
ntn't's  dill  iidt 
)  make  liim ;, 
hiviiis  of  ctiiit 
nor  "pill  liiiii 
t  iiK'iil  livHin, 
iititl  iil'li'i'  rmat 

Slllllll     ^l^i|l  111' 

vhii'li  iic  riiii|. 
,  liiiv  iiijr  >li>liii 

'IvxIoWC  ^ll(l|||(| 

.     'I'liis  !  sup. 

M'VV  U  lli;:|  "ll, 

»t!u':'  siK  iii'Miii 

li'lS    IlHMl   Wen' 

iiisi's,  "Tlu'v 
ivhlcli  111'  liiil,* 
l(i;i;3,  ill  wliii'li 

now  incli'ilnd 
.(!  other  rliict's, 
;  of  tlif  yciir; 
spcfially  iiiioii 
river  oi"  sii^'a- 
froni  till  |i;iils 

o  is  <:en(>rally 
tliis  III  I  it'll",  it 
lied  to  liiiii. 
II  ol"  Chil;ittau- 


' ;  If'ampnlud; 
11  of  Cliikittnn- 
rpalitv!:,  lii'iii;; 
li  the  iiiitivi's, 
Irolher  Dunk!, 
nlnixo  If'ilUmn 
iiilo;  iiiiil  ill 
d  thi  s:— 
10  mnrke. 


m  a  mark. 


Til  A  I' 


HI] 


K,  lie  sliiHikl  uoi 

Jl'or   llio  s;iilii'm 
IniniiiM  Mirl  inu>l 

KcliiMiik. 
posst'^sii  II  (if  llic 

WurUu.inton'i 


WAMPATUCK— HIS   HIOIIAWK   WWl.  ^.1 

There  is  n  (piit-eliiiiii  (h'ed  from  '^('Inrlts  J'w/ir.s-,  nllas  J(>.<i'<,.j  Jfitwpnlurt:, 
.riiiKlf'""  "•  (^liik(itiittl)iit,  dated  !!•  IMar.  Kii);"),  of  Husloii  iiiid  the  adjaeenf 
niiiiitrv.  and  lie  islands  in  the  harlior,  to  the  "  |)iopri(  laled  inhaliitanls  of  ilie 
tnuii  (if  IJostiiii,''  to  he  seen  aiiinnt!'  ihe  Siilfnlk  ri'i'iiids.*  11  'in/iihir!;  says, 
(ir  some  oiie/i//'  liini,  "  l''oi'asiiiiieh  lis  I  am  iiiHnnied,  and  well  assured  from 
several  iineieiit  Indians,  as  well  these  of  my  eoniieij  as  others,  that,  upon 
ihi  tirst  foi.iinu:  of  the  lln^^lisii  to  sji  dow  n  and  settle  i;i  those  parts  nf  New 
Mii-'iM  ll.  'iiy  ahove-iianied  I'randfather,  Chikdhnihvt,  hy  iind  wilji  the  iidvieo 
(if  [lis  (•iii,.ii'il,  for  eneoiira^reiiient  thereof  ino\iii;r,  did  ^ive,  ;:raiit,  sell,  iilieii- 
•ile.  ami  roiitirm  unto  the  l''ini;lisli  planters,"  tin'  lands  iiliove  named. 

|{  sides  ii.s'/w,  till  -e  siiined  this  deed  with  him,  .7/i  Nt'/oH,  sen,,  ff'illiam  Ifa- 
Imtmu  and  llolirrt  M,mvnt(t\i'jr'\ 

Junius,  or  Jtisiiiti  ft'umixititrk,  was  sachem  of  iMattake(>setl,t  find,  ti'om 
(III-  deeds  w  liieh  he  jriive,  must  lia\e  been  the  ow  ner  of  iiiiieh  of  the  lands 
siiulhward  ol'  Hoston.  In  lii.'iM,  he  sold  to  7V;//')/,'n/  liitlivihj^Jitims  Citdirniih, 
Jusnili  Ti!(l(i>,  Uuiuphrc}!  Tunwr,  ffillimn  Hnlrli,  J<hr.  Hi)ii>r,  and  Jdincfi  Tor- 
reii,t\  lai'fre  traet  of  land  in  the  vii  iiiily  of  Accord  I'ond  and  North  Hiver. 

"ill  Jlid'i,  he  sold  l'aehai;e  Neck,  [now  called  I'lchude,]  "iyiiifi'  hetwceii 
\iiiiuissakett  riiier  and  a  hroi.k  lidlinjx  into  Teiicitt  riiier,  viz.  the  most 
^vl'stcrly  of  tli(^  three  Slllllll  hrookes  that  do  fall  info  the  said  riiier ;"  like- 
wise ali  llie  meadow  upon  said  three  hrooks,  for  C'i\,  Also,  another  traet 
lioiiiided  liy  Plimoiith  and  Diixhnry  on  one  side,  and  l{ridi;-ewater  on  the 
(itliiT,  evteiidiiii;'  to  tlie  i;reat  jiond  INiaftiikeeset ;  provided  it  ineliide<i  not  tlin 
10(10  acres  iiiveii  to  his  son  and  (Icirijci  //Wm/«;i/,  ahoiit  those  iionds.  This 
(Icnl  was  witnessed  iiy  GVoriff:  If  (tmpii/  and  J.ifiii  ffdrnpoircfi. 

Ath'r  the  deatli  of  his  (iiilier,  Josias  was  o!teii  called  Josia.i  Cliiknlniihut. 
Ill  the  l'j,nioi"r:{  Ur.coRns  wi  Iind  this  notice,  hut  without  ihite:  "IMenioran- 
(liuii,  that  Jiisids  Cliirkdliiill  and  his  wife  doe  owne  the  whole  lu'cke  of  Piiii- 
K;itiM'Si'tt  to  heloinf:-  \  iito  IMymoiith  men,"  &c. 

Ill  jlKIH,  "7(i.'>'i"((.'(  C/nV/,7(/,7/y»//,  saciiem  of  N'aiiiassakeesett,"  sold  to  lii.hprl 
SttiilS'ii  ol' Scituate,  a  tra.ct  of  land  cidled  J\'imim<uiHuilly  Ivv  a  "  valiiahle 
censiiiera'^o'i,"  jis  tlie  d^vd  expresses  it.  TJiis  tract  was  hounded  on  the 
fast  hy  Sciiiiate. 

Ju.iid.i  had  a  son  Jrirmi/ ;  and  "  Chirks  Jisinh,  son  of  Jrrcvvf,  wns  the  last  of 
till-  iiice."t     Of  Jo.iifih,  I\tr.  G  )okin  tiiM's  lis  important  intc)rinatif)ii. 

War  ytwccn  the  JMa.is'ichuscIt  Imlians  atuf  ,Muhnir',s,  In  the  year  ItidiV'hc 
war  liaviiifr  now  eontiniied  hetwv'en  the  IMacpias  and  our  Indians,  about  six 
vcars,  divers  Indians,  our  iieii^hbors,  united  tluMr  Itirces  to^r(>th(>r,  and  madri 
iiii  army  of  aboni  (I  or  700  men,  and  marchi'd  into  the  Maipias'  country,  to 
t;ike   reven^'e   of  them.     This   enterprise    was   contrived   and    niidertaken 

Mr, 


wiilioiil  the  privity,  and  contrary  to  tiie  advice  ot' their  Knirlish  frieiid.- 

r.llot  and   inysell",  in  particular,  dissuaded    them,  and   pave    them    several 


son? 


iiiaiiist    it,  but  lliev  would   not  hear  i 


IS."  Five  of  the  Christian 
liiiliaiis  went  out  with  them,  and  but  one  only  returned  alive.  "The  chief- 
cst  jieiK^ral  in  this  expedition  was  the  ))riiicipal  sachem  of  Massachusetts, 
named  Josiah,  alias  Chckatahutt,  a  wise  and  stout  man,  of  iiiiddh^  aire,  but  a 


1.     lie    had    considerable    knowledjre   in  the    Christian 


\ci'y  VICIOUS  persoi 
ii'lijiioii ;  and  sometime,  when  he  was  youiiiier,  seemed  to  |»rofess  it  for  a 
time; — i()r  he  was  bred  up  by  his  uncle,  Kuchnmnkm,  who  was  the  lirst 
naciii  111  and  his  |)eople  to  whom  ]\lr.  Kl'wt  pr;  lielied."^ 

Of  those  who  went  out  with  U'amp(duk  li'oni  other  tribi  s  we  have  no  rec- 
ord ;  but  there  were  many,  jirobably,  as  usual  uiion  such  expeditions. 

This  army  arrived  at  the  iMohawk  fort  after  a  journey  of  about  'iOO  niihs; 
ulii'ii,  upon  bi  siejiiiifi'  it  some  time,  and  having  some  of  their  men  kilh  d  in 
sillirs,  and  sundry  others  sick,  they  si'ave  up  tiie  siege  and  retreated.  Mean- 
wiiilo  the  Mohawks  pursued  them,  got  in  their  front,  r.nd,  from  an  ainbusi), 


*  Printod  at  Icns^lli  in  ^nnw's  flisl.  Bosloti,  3S9,  ct  cot. 
\   Ih'aiie's  Hi^t.  Scihiitli',  M  I. 

t  \\)\i\.     i'>'V/»((;»(»(i;' was  a  liroilior  of  .Am/d/i,  mid  ruled '"  as  sachem  during  llio  ininorily" 
iiiJi'reiii'i.     Dr.  Hum's,  Hist.  Porchcster,  Hi,  17. 
4  1  Coll.  Mass.  liisi.  Soc.  i.  166, 


m^ 


^tv;v^H:. 


^■^v  b 


'iJ.t'dei*';     V 


W^m 

•  jv^gi 

'V      ^1 

A'       S® 

,     .      -^ 

'   ^iMi 

»i,  W.n^f^ 

^    \K%1^ 

m^ 

r 


'^iVjvjf^y'** 


'      3 '  'M 


MASCONONOMO  OF  AfJAWAM. 


fHonK  II 


'.■i,  M'^'; 


nttfickod  tlicrn  in  a  dcfili',  niid  ii  ^rnnf  fij^lit  ciisiicd.  Fiiiiilly  tlic  IMciliMwk,, 
were  |int  to  lliiilit  liv  the  <  MiiKirdiiiiiiT  luavi  ry  fiiul  |ir(i\vi  ss  of  Cliikahitiini 
mid  ills  ('ii|it.';i(is.  Itiit  SNlict  wiis  iiio>t  c.ili  iiiitoiis  in  this  disiislroius  '.\|i<i!i. 
lion,  wjis,  llic  loss  ol'tlit'  jirriit  cliii  ("  Cltihiiiiiiilnil,  \\lio,  .\li(  r  pi  ilimiiiiij;  iiidj. 
gi' s  ol"  \;dor,  \\!is  kilii  d  in  r(  jn  Hiii;r  tin'  iNlnluiw i\s  in  tin  ir  l;.^I  iitt..(  k,  wit), 
idin  it^t  idi  inis  ciiptiiins,  in  niiinliii"  idiotit  .")(),  tis  wjis  sii|i|i()si  d.*  'I'l.is  \m^^ 
Si'vi  re  stroki'  to  tli'sc  ln<li.iiis,  iiml  tlicy  snlli  re  d  iinirli  li-oin  cliiifMin  (m 
tln'ir  n  turn  !ionn'.  Tin-  Moliiiwks  tonsidcnd  tin  insi  Ives  tlicir  iicstii,!^ 
UihI  I  illion>rli  II  priicc  \v;is  Itroiifilit  ahiiiit  iHturcii  iIm  in,  In  lli<'  ni<  'iiiliun  i,f 
till'  I'in^lisii  jind  Dntcli  on  riicli  side,  Mt  llic  31ii(<sa(-linsi  tts  iind  otii(  rs  ijH;|, 
hidl'  I'l  (I  iVoni  till  ir  inc".ii>ions. 

A  rhii  I'of  nincli  tlic  saini'  iniportaiici'  i\^  Chilialaiibnt  and  liis  ^()l;s,  u;j 
MiisnnwiKimu,  or  JMasconnwo,  haclii  in  ol'  Afiawain,  since  ralli  d  7y„s'i/i'i/i, 
W'lii'ii  till'  llrt  t  uliirli  hron^lit  ovi  r  tin'  colonx  that  ^<l  ttli  d  Ho.-ton,  in  ](;,o, 
anclion  d  m  ar  (.'ape  Ann,  lie  welcomed  tin  ni  to  Ids  slion  s,  and  spc  nt  s(,ii ,. 
time  on  board  one  of  the  ships.t 

On  the  '-^Htli  .lime,  Ki.'iH,  Maxvanoiiomet  I  c  xecnti  d  a  deed  of  "all  Ids  laiid} 
in  Ipswich,"  to  Jolni  ft  inihruf),  jii:,  for  the  siun  of  £"20. § 

At  !i  com  t  in  Jnly,  J(;!iJ,  it  was  ordi  n  d,  tla.t  "the  sajramore  of  Afrawiiin  is 
banisin  d  from  coniiii;r  into  any  J'^i^dishinanV  lionse  lor  a  year,  nndi  r  j.'i  m  lt\ 
often  l);'aver-skins."  I!  This  was  pidhaiily  done  in  retaliation  tor  his  l;;\ii,i; 
coniniitt:d  acts  of  violence  on  the  'J'arraliin  s,  who  ! non  alter  crihe  i  i,t 
■with  frreat  fore  '  against  jMascononumo ;  he  h!;\iiifr,  "as  was  nsnaliy  M.id, 
treacin  ronsly  kill,  d  sDine  of  those  'rari.iline  ilimili  s.'"1i  It  wuidd  mmii 
that  he  e\p(  cted  all  attack,  and  had  therelore  calli  d  to  his  aid  some  of  tlit 
Bucln  nis  near  JJoston  ;  li)r  it  so  liappi  ncd  that  jMontoivaiiipalc  and  li'i.mha- 
quahain  wire  at  Ajiawam  when  the  'J'arratiiu  s  ijunle  an  attack,  hut  wlailiir 
by  cone  rt  or  aciMdt  nt  is  not  clear. 

To  the  niinihi  r  of  ]()()  men,  in  three  cfinoe.",  the  Tarrntincs  came  i  i:t  on 
this  eiitrrprise,  on  the  !S  An<!iist  follow  \\')s.  Tin  y  ;,tt!;ckt  d  J\](isc(,)ic>ivnio  vaA 
bis  jinests  in  his  wi^'wani  in  the  iiifrit,  killi  d  si  vi  n  nit  n,  wound,  d  .Mdiinno- 
numo  hims:  If,  and  „Monlouuniipnti;  i\\'.i\  fl'o)tvlHt(juaham,in\d  seven. 1  otheis  uiio 
ofti  rwartls  di  d.  They  took  the  will'  oWMauli  irawpnte  captive,  Init  it  s(.  I:;;|i. 
j)ein  d  that  .Ibivhavi  SIturd  of  I'l  niniaipiid  raiisonii  d  In  r,  iuid  sent  In  r  I.mm', 
A\hire  she  arrived  on  the  ]7  ."^eptend),  i' the  smiic  antimin.**  From  3lr.  (U- 
beVs  account,  it  appears  that  they  i-ame  ajiainst  the  I'Ji^lish,  who,  lint  Inr  in 
Indian,  named  Rubin,  wonld  liave  been  cnt  <d>i  as  the  idile  men  at  ti.is  tine, 
b('lonj;in^'  to  J|!swich,  did  not  excet d  ;iO;  Jintl  mest  o''tlii  se  wi  re  from  l.()i;i' 
on  the  day  the  attack  was  to  have  bei  n  made,  Jiabin,  lun  iiiff  by  some  iiii  ;ii;s 
found  ont  thi  ir  inti  ntions,  went  to  John  Pu-la)is,jj  and  ti'id  him  thiit  on  muIi 
a  day  itinr  Tarratim  s  wonld  come  and  invite  the  En<;lisli  to  trade,  "iind  draw 
them  down  the  hill  to  the  water  side,"  when  -10  cano(  s  full  of  armed  Ii.diiiiis 
■would  be  nady,  ni:di  r  "the  brow  of  the  hill,"  to  liill  upon  tin  m.  It  timiid 
out  I'.s  liabin  h;.d  n  |njited ;  but  the  bidiai;s  w(  iv;  fvifihttiud  oil' hy  a  )il;-e 
show  of  mimhns,  an  old  drum,  and  a  few  gui's,  without  c  tUclin^^  thiir 
ohject.tt 

We  hear  no  more  of  him  until  1()44,  j\ra!('l)  8,  when,  at  a  court  In  Id  ill 
Boston,  "  CulshdmeUn  .•ind  Siiuaw-Sachcm,  JMasconomo,  A''<ish(!eowam  and  Ifas- 
.ittmairin,  two  sju'ln  ms  near  the  great  hill  to  the  west,  calh d  Jf'aclntselt,  cr.iiie 
into  the  court,  and,  according  to  their  li^rmcr  tender  to  the  govcirnor,  disirtd 
to  be  received  under  our  protection§§  and  government,  upon  the,  same  terms 

»  1  Coll.  iM;is-<.  Hist.  Soc.  i.  1G7. 

t  Hist.  N.  Kii<;l;iii(l. 

X  'Plii'i  is  (louhtjuss  liio  most  correct  spelling  of  liis  ■lame.  It  is  scarce  spelt  t\vic«  alii,  io 
(lie  M.S.  ri'tords. 

^  Kcconls  of  (icii.  Ponrt,  v.  381.  ||  Prince,  357. 

il  HiillHtnlS  N.  v..  14,5. 

**   \\'i}it),-i)ps  .lour.— /.(•»•/,«'.<;  Hist.  I.ynn,  ."9,  W.—Frirs  Hist.  Ips  vicli,  3. 

tt  Qii;iri<M-ina>ii'r.  "  liviii<;  ilicn  in  a  little  nut  upon  iiis  fatiicr's  island  on  tli\s  side  of  Jflof- 
ry'.^  Neck."     iV.*^.  Adrratire. 

it  (^olihet's  MS.  Narrative. 

§^  Tliey  desired  tiiis  from  their  great  fear  of  llie  Blohawks,  it  is  said. 


phiiii    that   soiii 


II  il  Wondof-work 


r,;,,'.,* 


tlic  IMcilinwl;.. 

dt"  Clhliiilin.iiil 
hlrni:>  ( .\|).  ili. 
■t(iiii:iii;i  |.i((li. 
:..-.!  iill,.(  1<,  v.iil, 
.*  'I'l.is  >\,,„ 
)lii  «'li!i;:iiii  ,1,1 
tlifir  li.i;si<  I'.;. 

I"  lilt  'iuruiii  1 1 

(I        (ltil(    IS      (ill     I; 

Cdlli  (I  Jj.sii'<li, 
{u^luii,  in  |(.;,(i, 

11(1    .-^JK  lit    .-(,||r 

■  "nil    J;i.s  l;ii;,l, 

•  of  Ajrii\v;iiii  is 
r,  iiiid*  r  jii  1,1  liv 

I   (or  Ills     l;i.\ili"j; 

liter  (Tllic  11,1 
s  l!sii::llv  M.iil, 
It  would  Ml  III 
;tl  soiiK'  ol'  ihf 
B  iiln!  Jfrnihn. 
[•k,  but  m1i;  ilur 

cs  piiiiic  (lit  oil 
(isrcncnanio  :.\A 

ll!cl<  (1    J\](t!Si-ino- 

(•n,l  oliuTs  who 
luit  it  M.  !:;;;). 
•lit  In  r  I. (Hi  I', 
"roiii  JMr.  Cd- 
lO,  lint  i(ir  I'll 

ilt     tl.is    till,!', 

re  rr(nii  l.ciKt 
Dy  sonic  iiir;ii:s 
tliiit  on  i-i;c!i 
(!(',  "iiiui  (Iniw 
inncd  Ii. (linns 
111.  It  till  111  (I 
ofl'  by  a  fiJse 
111  ctiiig  tiieir 

oonrt  III  1(1  ill 
•vam  iiiid  ffas- 
acfntseU,  Ci.im 
eriior,  ili  ^-in  il 
same  ttriiis 


I  twice  alii.    IB 


r.s  side  of  Jfiof- 


MONTOW.VMPATE— WONdllAdUAIIAM. 


47 


^- 


iliiit  Puitihnm  (11. (1  Sarononorn  wci".  So  uc  caiitiiiip  tlicm  to  imdci-stniid  tho 
ni-iirlcf'  mid  all  the  t' ii   (•(iiiiiiiaiidiiiriits  of  (iod,  and  liny  frcrly  iissinliiiir  to 

nil  '  lli^V  Wi'i'i'  soli'iiinly  i fivid,  and   llicii   |iri'siiilrd  ilic  coiiil  with  twenty- 

si\' tiilli'""  <"'  \vaiii|Hiiii,  and  the  coin-t  "•;ive  each  of  tlieni  a  coat  of  two  yards 
of  cliilli,  and  their  dinner;  and  to  tlieiii  and  their  mm,  every  one  of  tln'iii,  a 
ciiii  ol'.'^ac  at  their  departure;  so  tiiey  took  leave,  and  went  away  very  jo\liil."f 

III  liie 'I'own  Kecord.- of  Ipswich,  under  (late  IH.Inne  lll.'iH,  n  irraiit  is  nmde  to 
till'  \v':l  w  of  AI(tsroiiini(>mii.  ol'  "lleit  parci'i  o|'  limd  which  hi  r  hiisliand  had 
f  iicrd  ill,"  so  loii^r  as  she  shiaild  remain  a  widow,  lb  liusiiaiid  was  ihe  last 
„f  the  siiclieiiis  of  ;\<.'awam,  and  with  him,  .says  IMr.  /•>//, (leseende('  "his  ll'hic 
and  hrtil\"ii  scepter  to  the  p'ave."  lie  died  on  the  (!  March,  IImH,  and  was 
liiiiT'd  (III  Sairamore  Hill,  now  within  the  bounds  of  Hamilton.  His  irim  and 
oijjir  valuable  implements  were  interred  with  him.  "  Idle  curiosity,  wanton, 
sMcrili'irioi"*  sport,  prompted  an  individual  to  diji  up  the  remains  of  diis  chief, 
.,11(1 10 Curry  iii-  scull  on  a  pole  thromrh  Ipswich  streets.  Siieh  an  act  of  bar- 
ImiitN  w.is  severely  frowned  upon,  and  speedily  \  isited  with  retributive  civil 
■m.^lice."! 

.M().\T()\V,\Mr.\Tr,,  SMiL'amoreof  Lynn  and  Marblehead,  was  known  more 
(riii('i;iilv  aiiioiifr  the  '.vhitrs  as  Saicoiiitirc  Jaim.s.  I  le  was  son  ot'  Aum/iaslirmrt, 
ami  hioll  '  r  ol"  ff'oiio!iniiiir'<i(iii  and  Winiuiiurkill.^  lie  died  in  \{'>-li,  of  tin; 
siiiiill-j'a^t  "^^'i'''  '""^f  "'"  1"' p''*'!''''-  ''  '•''  '*''"'  '''"'^  these  two  promised,  if 
cvi  r  lliey  recovered,  to  live  with  the  I'liirlish,  and  serve  their  (iod."|l 
Minldirnin/iiilf,  liaxiiifj;  bi'cii  defrauded  oi"  '20  heaver-skins,  by  a  man  named 
/(>(//,<,  wlio  had  since  irone  to  Kn^dand,  he  went  to  (Jov.  li'iiilhrop  on  the  '.2(i 
iMiircli,  Iti-'M,  to  kiKtw  how  he  should  obtain  recompense.  The  frovernor  /rave 
jiiiii  a  li  tter  to  Emiiniiet  DDWiiii)!;,  I'l.s(|,  of  London,  from  which  circumstanco 
it  would  seem  that  the  chief  derermined  to  <jo  there  ;  and  it  is  said  that  ho 
Ht'iiiiilly  visited  I'liiiiland  and  •■•( ceiM'd  his  due.*i  'I'll  •  histories  of  those  timers 
n\\{'  a  inelancholy  picture  of  the  distresses  caused  Ity  the  sinall-po.\  amon;;  tho 
"  wrctclied  natives."  "There  are,"  says  .Mdllitr,  "some  old  pl.inters  siirvi.  inf( 
tn  tl.is  (lay,  who  helped  to  bury  the  dead  Indians;  even  uliole  liimilii's  of 
tliciii  iill  (lead  at  once.  In  one  of  the  wiirwamstliey  found  a  poor  iidiint  siick- 
iiiL'  fit  the  breast  of  tiie  dead  mother.""  The  same  aiithorobservesthat,  bef()re 
till' ili< 'lis;' befjaii,  the  Indians  had  be<iun  to  (piarrel  with  the  MiiLflish  about 
till'  hiiiiiics  of  their  lands,  "!>ut(»o(l  ended  the  controNcivy  by  siiidinir  tho 
.■<iiiall-p(ix  among  tin;  Indians  at  Saugus,  wbo  were  belin'c  that  tiiiio  e.xceeding- 
ly  iiiimerous." 

We  have  mentioned  another  of  the  family  of  .Yanrpashrmrt,  also  a  sacbein. 
This  \\:vi  If  ()iio!iiini'iliiii".  ailed  by  the  l''nglish  Siiu:'i:!ioir  Jnlin,  of  Winisimet. 
His  r  sidiiice  was  .at  what  was  then  called  Iliiiniici/ninrtih,  part  of  which  i.s 
new  in  Chels/a  and  part  in  Saii<iiis.§  .\s  early  as  l(l."il,  he  bad  cause  to  com- 
plain tliat  som;^  of  the  l-'ii/flish  selllers  had  burnt  two  of  his  wiifwams. 
"WMch  wigwams,"  says  (iovi  rnor  I)nllri/,\\  "were  not  inhabited,  but  stood  in 
a  jiLi'-i' convcni'iit  for  their  shelter,  when,  upon  occasion,  they  should  travel 
that  way."  Th  •  court,  iijton  examination,  fliiind  tliat  a  si-rvan't  of  Sir  11,  Sil- 
(m.tld'l  had  been  the  iir'ans  of  the  misclfr  f,  wiiose  master  was  ordered  to 
make  salislJiction,  '•which  he  did  by  s  'ven  yards  of  cloth,  and  that  his  servant 
pay  liim,  at  tiie  end  of  bis  time,  fifty  shillings  sterrnig."tf  S:i-j;itnwre  Jolm  died 
at  \Viiiisim;'t,  in  \(\'V],  of  the  small-po.\.-^§  ll(>  desired  to  become  actjuaiiited 
with  the  l-'nglishnien's  (Jod,  in  bis  sicknes.s,  and  reipiesfed  them  to  take  his 
two  sons  and  instruct  then    in  (Jhri.stiaiiity,  which  they  did.|||| 

ll'iiinvj)iirl{ill,*f,M  who  inarri:'(l  a  daughter  of  /'awaro/iou'rti/,  makescoiisidora- 
lil"  figure  also  in  our  In. ban  annals,  II;-  was  born  about  l(il(],  and  succeeded 
Moiibwampate  at  his  chuitli,  in  lOlJ^J,     The  English  called  him  Georf^e  Rumnejf- 

*  Tlie  arlicli's  wiiich  llipy  sub-TriHol,  will  he.  seen  ill  l;ir:j(?  wlioii  the  Munnscript  Hist,  of  the 
Prnir  I's  Inline.  In/  Diiuii-l  Gnokin,  sliull  Im;  piihlislioii.  'I'licy  <lo  not  roail  precisely  as 
ren  Icp'd  liy  Winl'irop. 

t  WiiiHirovx  .Foiiriinl.  \  Hist.  Iji-wicli,  .5.  ^  l.cwis's  U\<f.  T,viiii.  IT),  17. 

]!  liisl.  Ill  New  Iviu'lnii'l,  1!).).  II  llisloiy  of  f.ynn,  3;i.  *■*  llclalioii,  Otc.  23. 

It  l.rncr  111  ill  •  ("(iiiiii(>ss  (if  laiicoln,  '2o,  odilioii  Ki'.Mi. 

}t  l'rinr,''s  Clirniinldijv.  ^^  llislorv  .if  New  r,ii'^lnnl.  19.5.  f).")0. 

III!  Wonder-working  I'rovideiicc,  Till  Spell  also  Winuiiperket. 


^M 


irav'i.  ,\ 


n^ 


Mm 


46 


MAN  ATAIfQIIA.—N.VTT\ir,\TTA  WANTS. 


[HiiDK  II 


•IMS'' 


!'(H 


fl|;W, 


tnarnh,  i\iu\  »l  one  tiiiio   lie  was  proprK  tor  of  |)i  rr  Islainl,  in  Hostoii  liMrli(,r, 
''III  llir  liitlt'i'  |iiirl  III'  lii-i  lifi',  III'  wt'iit  to    Itiirliiiiliii  s.     It   is  sii|)|iii.-<i'il   ilmi  |„ 


ill.  t 


was  carried  ilicrr  wiih  llir  iuimmhis  uIio  w,  re  sold   Im 


I.I  i; 


■<lavi 


■s,  a 


t   tl 


H'    •  11(1 


"M|,|. 


y '/(/'/ //(',v  war.     Mr  ilicil  sdiiM  alitr  his  i(  Kirii,  ill  KiHl,  at  llir   lioiisc  iil"  ,1/ 
fjiiiinh,  ii^rid  ((."^  vtars."     .  Iliiiiriij/ilsiiiiiiliir,  liaiitrlil"  r  of  I'dinniiium,  is  al«(i  m,. 
liiiiii'ij  as  his  will',  hv  wlioui  In-  liai!  si'mtiiI  <  hililnii.* 

.MiiiKtldluiiiit,  rtilli'il  also  llhick-irilliiiin,  was  a  sarliriii,  and  proprietor  of  .\:i 


hunt, 

at  Sw.iinp,- 


IViil 


ailjaniit  n.iiiitry  was  si'tllcti  hy  tlir  whites.     His  liiiher  j 

III!  was  also  a  Migaiiiori',   hut   piohalily  was  ileail  heliirc  t|„ 

I  sett.  till'  coiiiitrv.t     A   lra\el!er  in  this  then  [   wilderness  wiirlj 


I'liii'^  notiiM's  h  ,,ii(im,  aiiil  his  possessinj,'  iNahant.  "One  lll<tili-ivilli,im,n]^ 
tiiili'in  Dii'i,  out  of  his  ;,'enerosily  jrave  this  place  in  >,'eneriil  to  the  plaiii;iii,,|| 
of  S'Miirns,  so  iliat  no  oilier  can  appropriale  it  to  hiinsell'."  Ilewasa^rn,! 
Irieiiil  to  the  whites,  hut  his  rrienilsliip  was  n-pai<l,  as  was  that  of  niaiiy  oilin. 
of  that  and  even  tniich  later  times.  'I'liere  was  a  man  h\  the  name  ot'  Italh 
IttttxniiU,  nicknamed  lindl  //></,  "a  wicked  fellow,"  who  had  much  wmiiirni 
the  liiiliaiis,^^  killed  iienr  the  inoutli  of  Saco  Kiver,  prohalily  hy  somr  i,|' 
those  whom  he  had  defraiideil.  This  was  in  Octolur,  ItiMI.  As  some  vcsm  |< 
were  upon  the  eastern  coast  in  search  of  pirates,  in  .laiiuary,  KiMM,  they  put  in 
«t  Michmoiurs  Island,  where  they  fell  in  with  liUtk-wUlutm.  This  was  il,. 
place  where  Hdi^iinll  had  heeii  killed  alio-it  two  yeai's  hel'ore  ;  hut  wlie!!,.i  1,, 
iiad  any  thin;;  to  do  with  it,  does  not  appear,  nor  do  I  find  that  any  one,  i'\  n 
liis  murderers,  pretended  he  was  any  way  implicated  ;  hut,  out  of  reveiii;v  jiif 
7y'rir/u///'.s' dealli,  these  pirate-himlers  han^n'd  KIik k-irlllliini.  (Mi  the  coiitr;in, 
it  was  particularly  meiiliiui'd  ||  that  ISnfi-niill  was  killed  hy  Sqinilraysct  und  lii> 
men,  some  Indians  lieioiiirin^r  to  th.-it  part  of  the  country. 

This  S(jiiiifriti/S(l,  or  Sdllinii^ii.isit,  for  whose  act  .MniuthihiiKa  sulfered,  wns 
the  (irst  sachem  who  deeded  laud  in  I'aliiKailh,  Maine.  A  ci'cek  near  t!i 
inontli  of  I'resumpscot  Kiver  perpeiiiales  his  name  to  this  day.  !\Ir.  If'ilHi 
supposes  he  was  sachem  of  the  Aiicocisco  triiie,  who  inhahited  hetwi  t  a  lli. 
Androscojij'^nii  and  Saco  rivers;  and  that  from  Ancocisco  comes  Cased," 
There  can  la;  lait  little  doiiht  that  Itdixiutll  desi-rved  his  liite,'  <  if  any  desi  m 
such  ;  hut  the  other  was  the  act  of  white  men,  anil  we  leave  tlii!  reader  tn 


draw  tlie  pirall'l  hi-tweeii  the  two;  periiap';  he  will  iiii|uire,  Were  III 


of  yixy  \r\miv\  UnnijxJd  lujuHlh-v, 


we  can  aiisw.  r  is 


Th 


V  mur.hnr. 


(■  nrofilN  an 


lent.     I'eriiaps  it  was  consiilered  an  offsil  to  tic  murder  of  11 


iiiXnn 


II. 


,V(ill(th(illiiaunil.i,  in  the  yi'ar  l(ll'.\  sold  to  Simon  If  illiinl,  in  helialf  of  '-.Mr. 
Ifhillini/),  !\lr.  Diillrii,  Mr.  ^Vnivdl,  and  Mr.  .'II  Icii,"  a  lar;L'e  tract  of  land  iijiini 
I)oili  sidi  s  Concord  l{iver,  "Mr.  Il'intlirop,  omv  prrsent  ^'overnor,  I'iliO  iicn", 
]Mr.  Diill.i/,  i.'iOO  acres,  on  the  S.  V,.  side  of  the  river,  Mr.  Ao/n//,  oOO  ai'n-, 


and   Mr.  .7//^»,  .■)()()  acres,  oil  tiie   i\.  I',,  side  of  thi'    rivr, 


Iieri'O 


f  til 


I'  sail 


I  N 


uiion 


iiueili  to  the  said  jVallahnlhiwnnh  six  fiidom  of  w 

id  .Y(ill(th(iltiiw:iitt 


and  III  consiileratiiMi 


1(M||. 


,v  (liila 


painite^rc^  oiii'  wastcoat,  and  on:'  lireechrs,  ami  the  sa 
covenant  and  hind  liimselt|  that  li  e  nor  any  other  Indians  shall  s  t  traps  with- 
in  this  ground,  so  as  any  cattl.'  mi^jlit  recieve  hurt  tlierelty,  and  what  callli' 
shall  receive  hurt  hy  this  nieaiii-s,  liee  shall  he  lyahle  to  make  it  ^'ood."  [In 
tile  (iced,  .Ydtttthittlawaiits  is  callod  saidi'in  of  that  land.] 


It'ilncssc  I  b 
three  tvldles. 


■y 


The  mark  of  0  Nataiiattaw.wts. 
The  ninrk  of  Q  Wi.nmimx,  an   In  Hun 
that  traJe.lfor  liiin.]\ 


The  namo  of  this  rliief,  ns  nppeaiN  rrom  donnuipnts  copied  hy  IMr.  Sli(tllHrk,l\ 
was  understood  TdhnUdwtn,  J'dlutttawtnln,  Mlnvnn,  .flllawanee,  and  Ali'd'iun- 
nee.     He  was   sachem  of  Miisketaipiid,  since  Concord,  and    a   suj)porter  and 


\  Ilisl.  N.  Ell^r. 

II  Winthror,  ib. 


*IFisl.  \.\\n\. 

t  I(i;i3.      W'illi.tm  Il'in;/,  nnllinr  of  AV)(i  Ru".  Prpspecl. 
^  WinHinip's  iwu\m\.  i.  G'.'.t;;!. 
1[("ol.  Hhiiiio  Flisl.  Soc.  i.  (I.'i. 
*'  Iff  liiiil.  ill  iiliont  lliroc  viTie^,  hy  rvlorlion.  ;>s  wo  iiifiT  from    Wintlirop,  arcumulalcd 
alxMit  .t!lOO  Croin  .'iiiioiiir  l!io  hiili.iiis.     Sec  .foiiriMl  iil  .■iipni. 
it  Suirulk  Uccoriis  of  Deeds,  vol,  i,  IVo.  3k        \\  Iliiil.  Coucord,  Mass.  passim  chap.  i. 


:;;# 
("#' 


[Hook  II 

fl(isti>ii  liiirlidr, 
|ii)Sril    lliiit 
lit  tlif  (lid  III 

isr  III'  .1/'(M,',|. 

Ill,  is  lll-il  llii  ;  . 

ipiictor  (if  \;. 

is     tillilCI'     li,i,; 

■ml  licliuT  III, 
lilcriios  Will!  i. 
ivk-ivilli'iiii,  ,i;i 
)  tiic  |il;ilil;ili'i|, 
lie  WHS  II  j.'n  ,( 
it'  Miaiiy  ollui'. 
iiliif  ol"  Ifallir 
iiiiicli  \vr()iii:i(| 
ily  liy  soiiji'  III' 

^S  SdlllC  VCSmI; 

.■$;{,  tlicy  imi  iii 
'I'liis  wii.s  lip. 
Iiiit  win  ".1..  I  ||. 
t  iiiiy  ttiif,  cv.  II 
(if  rcvciiiri'  liif 
II  \\iv  cdiitriin, 
lilmijstl  uiul  ln> 

1  siifrcrcil,  Aviis 

ciTck  lu'iir  til 

!iy.     !\li-.  inilh 

•(I    ll('t\V('»  II  lip 

coiiics   Casiii,' 

it'  iiiiy  (li'srrvi 

I  tii(!  rt'iidcr  tn 

the  iniir.linn 

•(toi'ilit  (tn  si- 

uiU. 

•iialt'of  ".Mr, 

(it*   lllllll   ll|Mi|| 

ir,  l'2(;()iicivs, 
//,  5(;()  liens 
coiisidcnuiiiii 
DIM  of  NMinin- 
ttl(nc:l)tt.i  (h'll. 
■t  traps  wiili- 
1(1  what  ciilll' 
it  tfood."     [Ill 

TT.VW.WTS. 

N,  nn  111  Hun 
idcJfor  liim.\\ 

h:  S!i(tllurk:i\ 
and  ^^.'I'll'iiiit- 
iipportcr  ami 

Eiiif. 

.,  il>. 

/),  arriimulatcd 

Km  cliap.  i. 


WAIIOI'MACrT-JArK-i^TRAW. 


49 


,ri.|Mi;.'iit(ir  cf  ("iii'istianity  iiiikui;:  liis  jtcoplc,  iiiid  iiii  lioiicst  mid  iiprlulil  iiiaii. 
'iV  irlcliriilcd  /'"/""I  iimnicd  liis  eldest  diunilih  r.  Juliii  'rnliiilliiii'iin  was  his 
oil  wild  lived  lit  Niisholiii,  where  Ik  was  ehiel'  iider  n\'  the  priiviii^f  Indians — 
il,  ,i  i\iii"  Indiiiii.  lie  died  iiliont  \i\7U.  His  widow  was  (liiii).'liler  of  ./((/iii, 
Hii 'aiiKii'' <"'''  I'litncket,  upon  the  Men  iiiiack,  w  ho  inairicd  f>o/i(i//i(iir,  iiikiIIkt 
iiilif  d' ilic  pruviii^'  Indians,  dl' .Mailh(iniiii.di.  Her  (>iil\  sen  li_\  '/'iilintldirnn' 
iMis  killed  h_\  s()Mic  white  riilliiiiis,  wild  eiiiije  Upon  llieiii  while  ill  tin  ir  w i^'- 
ni^  „i„|  I'lis  Miolher  was  hiidly  wounded  III  the  -aiiie  time.  <  )|"  lliis  iilliiir 
vvi.  >iiall  lia\e  dccasidii  elsewhere  td  he  iiKire  partieiiliir.  .V(Mii".v/i(/iif/»',  iiii- 
,,iIm  r  (liin^diter,  iniirried  >\'(t(tniHhruw,  culled  Juliii  Tliomus,  wIki  died  at  Niitick, 
„ir,,|  IK)  veiirs. 

We  kiidw  very  little  of  a  siKdiciii  of  the  niiiiie  ol  // <///<ri//Hrtr»M  rxcfjit  that 
lie  lived  upon  ('diine(  lieiil  Kiver,  and  eiiine  to  |{d>!dn  in  lti."{|,  with  a  re(piest 
Id  the  f.">vci"ndr  "td  have  soiiie  l'!iiiflish  to  |iliiiil  in  his  ediinlry  ;"  and  lis  an 
iiiihiceinent,  Hiiid  he  would  "  liiid  ihein  corn,  and  uivo  them,  yearly,  HO  skins 
of  lieiivci'."  'I'l"'  pivernor,  liow('\(  r,  dismissed  him  without  }:i\  ini;'  him  any 
(.iicdiiriiacnient ;  ddiilitiiiL',  it  seems,  the  reality  df  his  friendship.  Kiit  it  is 
more  prdhaltle  that  he  was  sincere,  as  he  was  at  this  time  in  ifreat  fear  (d'  tlici 
|»i(|iidls.  and  jii(li,'cd  that  if  some  of  the  I'jiiflish  would  reside  with  him.  In; 
.kIhiiiIiI  lie  ahle  to  iiiainlain  his  eoiinlry. 

'I'licrc  I'c-ompanied  If'dh^-iiiiitinil  to  IJoston  an  Indian  named  J((rk.ilrinr,\ 
wild  was  his  interpreter,  and  Sajxaniorc  John.  We  have  laliorcd  to  lind  sonic 
fiirllier  particulars  of  him,  hut  all  that  we  can  ascertain  \villi  certainty,  is,  that 
lie  iiiid  lived  some  lime  ill  lji!,dan(l  with  Sir  Ifdlltr  llali^li.^     How  Sir  Ifnlltr 


"Mr.  donkin  wrilcs  this  name  Tnhnlooner,  (lint  of  ilm  fiiilier  Tiiliullawanr.  MS.  IIIsl. 
I'r.iiiiiij-  linliiiiin,  Kt.J. 

f  W'ltli'Siiiiiiiciit.  ii('c(ir(liii;r  to  IMr.  Siivd'Sf'x  rcinliii!;'  of  Wiiillir/'p.  Our  l('\l  i-i  arcnrding 
(n  l'iiiiri\  "liii  iilso  n>Lil  W'itillirci)  in  MS.  Il  is  li'ily  ilivciliiij;'  In  .see  liow  llie  imllier  ol 
'I'ulix  of  fiv  liiiliiiiis  has  ili,|ihiy('(l  iils  iiivciiliiiii  ii|iiiii  the  piissiiifc  in  Wiiilliri'/i's  .Iniiiiial 
hriiiiiiii!;  Id  "(ir  liiiowh'i';;''  llii^  chiif.  \\v  will  uive  llie  im-sii^jo  of  \\'iiillin'i<.  Ihiil  (he  render 
niiiv  jiiilp.'  vvhclher  !j;rriil  iifi 'irniice,  or  iMisr('|iri"-ciiliili<in  ■' of  scl  piir|>iisc  "  he  chnrnenliie! 
to  liiiii.  "Me  [(iev.  U  V(i//i(7i^i|  ilis('o\cred  nllcr  [Wd'iisiiiiKinit  \xns  [■(iiii'j,  Ihnl  ihe  sniil 
sn:,Miniirn  i.s  ii  very  iriMi  herons  iniiii,  nnil  nl  uni  willi  llio  I'lhanlh  (n  li\r  ■;r«nli'r  sn^niiiorc.") 
l\inv,  cvi.'rv  child  thai  hns  rcnil  nlmia  die  hidinns,  it  sccnis  to  lis,  oii^hl  In  know  dial  iho 
iTiriiniui;  oi  I'l/'iii'Hi  was  nli^lak(•ll  liy  the  ifovcrnnr,  and  no  more  meant  a  chier  llniii  lh(! 
MiiKsdxi'il"  meant  what  the  I'limniilh  people  lirsl  sii|i|iose(l  it  to  mean.  In  the  one  case,  the 
liiiinc  I'l  a  Irihe  was  mislakeii  liir  thai  of  a  cliiel',  and  in  the  ollie  ■  die  rliief  liir  liie  Iriho. 
.Misliiki's  111'  this  kind  were  iiol  Mnrmmnon  hel'ore  our  ladiers  hei  ,•  ai'i|ualiiled  willi  the 
connlrv.  Wiiilhrnp  says,  too.  the  IMnhawks  «as  a  j^reat  saiiiein  Now,  wiioe\er  tlioiii^ht 
tliiTi'  «as  a  cliiet'  ol  that  name  .' 

}  I'rohalilv  so  named  I'roin  die  MaidstniK!  minister,  who  llniirished  in  ]X'(it  Tijli-r'n  rcliellinu, 
mill  ulio^i"  real  name  was  .hJiii  Hull.  Init  allerward.  nirk-named  Jik/:  Strnir.  He  liecame 
rhii|iliiiii  to  H'dl's  nrmv.  lliey  having'  let  iiim  out  of  prison.  A  lo.\l  wliadi  he  made  f^reat  use 
ol  ill  iireachiiij;  to  iiis  liherators  was  this  : — 

When  .Adam  ilnlfi!  nmi  V.ve,  sp.in, 
Who  was  then  a  (jeiitleinnn ! 

Tlii'i  wp  apprehend  was  construed,  Doirn  vifli  lite  noliilihi!  See  Rupin's  Ens;.  !•  'lo7.  la 
Kniii.l.\.'l\l.  .li'I'ii    U Vine  is  calleil  .Air^  Slmir.      He  was  hejieaded. 

v\"  The  inipiital'oii  of  the  lirst  l)rini;iii;f  in  oi  lulnimi  into  I'",iii;laiiil  lies  on  this  heroic  kni^lit." 
W'hisliiiili'ii'.'i  W'tu-lliifs.  iV.).  "  l!e.~iiles  the  coiisiiinplioii  of  liie  |)urse,  and  impaiiiiii;  of  our 
iiUMird  parts,  die  immoderate,  vain  and  pli,'inta>liial  abuse  of  the  ill■lli^h  weed,  corrnpii  di  the 
niiltiral  sueetness  of  the  hieath,  sliipilielji  the  jiraiii  ;  ami  indeed  is  so  prejinlicial  to  die. 
s;,iii'ral  csleem  o!' our  coiintry.''  //'/</.  'Jll.  Whether  Jurk-.slnur  were  the  servant  who 
arli'il  a  part  in  llie  ollen-tnld  anecdote  '.;'  Sir  Wiillrr  Riilcu.'li'a  smokiii!^  tobacco,  on  its  lirst 
lii'iiiy;  taken  to  Kii!;l;md,  we  shall  not  preiMm  e  In  assert  ;  but,  for  tiie  sake  of  the  anecdnle,  wc 
will  ailmit  the  fact  ;  it  is  variously  related,  li  it  is  said  to  be,  in  substance,  as  follows.  At  ono 
lime,  il  was  so  very  unpopular  to  use  tobacfo  in  any  way  in  Knsland,  that  many  who  had  ^nt 
alladicd  In  il,  used  il  only  |)rivately.  Sir  iVdlti'i-  was  smnkini;  in  his  stiiiU',  at  a  certain  time, 
mill,  heinu'  diirsly,  called  tn  his  .servant  to  briny-  him  ;i  tankard  of  beer.  ,/i(c^-  haslily  nbeyeil 
\\v  siumnons,  and  Sir  Wullrr.  Hirsettins'  to  cease  smnkiiii;'.  was  in  the  act  of  spoiiiinj;'  a 
viilninc  of  smoke  from  his  mouth  when  his  servant  entered.  Jtivli,  seein-.j  his  master  smokiiif* 
[iriiilii;iou-ly  at  d  e  mouth,  thouijhl  no  other  fail  lie  was  all  on  lire  inside,  liavinsf  iievi^r  seen 
Mifli  a  pheiinineiuni  in  a"  Kii!,Haiid  before  ;  dashed  the  niiart  of  li(|iior  at  once  in  his  face,  ami 
Kill  mil  screaininjr,  "  iVIassa's  a  fire  !  IMassa's  a  fire  !  " 

lliniiii,'-  dismisied  the  servant,  every  one  mis:ht  reasonably  expect  a  few  words  concerniii!j 
hi-;  niasler.  .Sir  Walter  Ritli-gh.  niay  truly  be  said  to  have  lived  in  an  fige  fruitful  in  great  anil 
Horiliy  characteis.     Captain  John  SinilU  comcn  to  our  notice  through  his  agency,  aau  tli* 

5 


v.tc 

H 

m 


mr- 


m 


■  '■■''!; 
I  Mi ; 


^!{V>-ti  i.* 


P'^ 

i' 

b 

'«i ',■•;'.:&'■" 

('•''■mil 


,ef; 
a  ■ 


>■:  -  jV 


m^:mrl 


fc^jBr.lijp-*" 


50 


JAMKSIRINTFJl,  OR  JAMEH.TIirmiNTF.R. 


[Rook  n 


riiiiio  by  liim,  <I«"h  in«i  r»iiiiHliirt<»rily  a|i|Mnr.  ('iiiidiiiiw  Jimiiinx  niid  Wr/r/om 
Hiiilrd  til  AiMi'i-irii  ill  lii:^  <'iii|i|iiy,  iiiiil  nil  liii'ir  irtiirii  i-iinii-il  c  >'i' twn  niuiM,^ 
Criiiii  \  ir;riiiiii,  wlnisr  niiiiirs  wrn-  H'linrliisr  n\\i\  .Munhii.*  It  !>  Ii/irrly  |iii»ili|,. 
tli.'it  oiH'  III"  llii'M'  \Mis  iiDi'i'wariU  Jink-slniir. 

A  .\i|iitiiirk  liiiriiiii,  III'  iiiiMiiiiill  iintr  ill  liir<  liiiii',  it  iiiii)  in  tin-  iirxt  |ilnn' u. 
|ii'(ijiiT  III  iiiiiit><>. 

iniiH  I'riiitir,  <ir  JfiniiM-llir-nniiln;  \mis  tlic  hum  uf  .Yiiofin,  lirntlirr  nf  Tnhi- 


1 


V 


I 


tni'lllin]  iiiiil  ,  Iniiwiiiklii.      W  Ihh  h  rhilij,  jii'  wiis  iiistnirtril  nt  tilt'   Iml 


l:ill 


cliaiiiy  I'l'liiiiil,  III   ( 'iiiiilii'iil;rr.     In    lil.V.i,  lii<  was    put    a|i|irriitir<'    to  Saitnul 


iini  II, 


to   I 


riirii 


th 


|iriiiii 


liii.Vii 


irss 


anil 


III'  IS  >|iiiki'ii  II 


f  a.-  I 


aw 


a\  t'rniii  his  iiia.'-tri'  in  Ili7.*>.     IT,  tittrr  an  a|i|irriilii'r>lii|i  ul'  III  ,\rai 


ia\  MIL'    in, 


mil' 


ciiiilil  nut  liavr  liis  niastrr  witlinnt  lln'  rliar^n'  nl'  alisrniiiliii^',  at  !•  ast,  liutli  ihi. 
rniistrr  and  ii|i|ii'<'nti('c  ^imnld  hr  |iitii'd.     In   iclatinn  to  this  inattcr,  ,Mi-. //i^/,. 

ronowiH'il  lirsl  Mii^-IKh  rir('iiinMii\l!;iil(ir  wiis  Ills  ('i<iiliMii|inrnrv.     Ilr,  likt>  llic  la»t  iiniiinl.  'a,^, 
JKirii  ill  llii'  ruiiiilv  III'  Dcvdii'liirr,  in  I.V).'.  in  llic  |i:iri«li  nl   Hiiillrv,     Sir  lhnii}ihri'ii  <lill„-ri^ 


Nil  \M 


II  K 


ninsii  ill  iinr  JiiiiiiU,  \«iis   his  Iniit-lirnllirr.  Iii 


liillirr  liiiv  iiii;   niiirrn'il 


'ir 


//// 


niolluT,  11  willow*,  liv  \\\ 1   111'   liinl   \\'iil(ii\  w  liiii 


CoM'rii's  1)1'  llii-  ci'lcliriilril  iidiiiiriil  Sir    /■'. 


lh:ib 


.t     'I'Im 


">" 


;rr:il  siicii'ssrs  um 


Ufiivr  II  nr\N   iiiiiii'liis  In 


lln-  i: 


I  ilh 


iilili.ii 

rira  ; 


tliiliiin  ill  iiiiirilinii'  allhirs,  iiml  t'iiiisi'i|ni'nl  llirri'ii|Min  nmi-'  iIm'  sclllrnii'iil  nt'  Nnrlli  Ann 
ns  yri'iil  iiii  I'm,  lo  siiv  lIn"  li'iisl.  ii>  wiis  cvir  rrrnrdril  in  liislnrv.  No  mir  slicmi'  mur,. 
(•iiii»|.iriniiis  ill  iliosi'  ini(li'rliikiiii;s  lliiiii  .Sir  W'nlh'i-  l{'i/'\::li.  AOi'r  |ii'rsi'\ rrinif  ii  Idiii;  liii,i>, 
III'  I'slMlili^linl  ;i  I'ciioin  III  Nir^iniii,  in  lii()7.  II  i'  wiis  n  iiiiiii  of  i;rt'iil  \iilor  iiikI  ^ulilrr^s.  ,'ii,.{ 
aliiMirilr  xvilli  llii'  yri'Ml  tjiirrii  /.'//m//' //(,  lliw  |iriini<ilrr  of  liii  nniliriiikinns,  our  of  w|iii.,> 
"infills  of  lioiKir'"  lie  niiiiriril.  In  lliis  nlliur  sninc  cliiirni'  liiiii  willi  li.n  iny  lir^l  ili^lMUKirnl  E 
tliiil  liiilv.  Mini  wiis  liir  II  tiinr  iiniiiT  lln'  ijiii'i'ii's  ili>|ili'ii'<iiri'  in  roii<ri{iii'iii'i',  Iml  iiiiirr\iii<,' lur  I 
ri'Niorril  liiin  lo  liivor.  'I'ln'  rily  ol'  linloyli  in  \'ir;;iiiiii  wiis  so  imnii'il  liv  liis  (lirorlimi.  ||,.'  I 
Wiis  ('OMs|iiriioiis  willi  l)iii/,i'  iiliil  Heir, nil  in  llir  l|^^lrll^lion  of  llir  •'^|i;iiii'-li  iinniiilii  in  I.V:.!. 
On  llir  ili'iiiji  III'  iIh'  i|ni'i'n,  lir  wiis  iin{iriMiiii'il  nlniosl  I,!  vriirs  in  llii'  lower  of  i.oniioii,  npi.n 
the  rliMi;;!' ol' IreuMin.  Il  wiis  iliiriin;  his  iin|irisoiiinenl  lliiil  he  vvrole  his  <;Tenl  Mini  leariH  I 
\voik,//ii-  llixldnj  I'l' llh-  W'ur/il.  The  iilleyeil  crinie  ol' Iri'iisoii  liii-.  loni;  ^inee  lieeii  vicrtol 
liv  nil  llie  world  lis  willionl  liinndiilii'ii,  iind  ihe  |llnli^lllnelll  of  /^r/..;/l  rellecls  iill  il>  liliiikiu -< 
U|Miii  Ihe  chiiriirler  ol'  .iiiifs  I,  'I'lii'  ground  ol'  liie  rliiirue  wiis.  Ilial  A'i'/<".'/i  and  ollier>  wcro 
ill  II  roii-iiirncv  iiniiin-.l  the  / ///ir,  mid  were  desiyiiinuf  lo  iihire  on  llie  Ihroiie  .irnln  ll,t  SliiiJii; 

lie  v\av  never  |i<u'(loned.  nllhoiii;!!  the  kini;   sel   him  ill  lilierlv,  mid  oerniilleil  him  lo  <;(>  i 

<'X|iedilion   lo  Sonlli  .Aiiierirn   in   semrh  of  n  uold   mine  of  whii'li  he  had  "mned  some  iniiiii.:. 


lions  III  a  |ireMons  mmI  lo  ihooi mine 


II 


town  o 


t'  Si.  'rii( 


and  esialilislieil   iii   il    a 


is  allem|il  lo  lind  ^old  failed,  Iml   hu  lixil, 


Tl 


IIS  was   u 


dejiri'dalioii,   ns   Sn 


and  !''.ii'.^laiid  were  ihen  al   iiearc,  Iml   Rn/r-rh  had   ihe  kiiii;'s  cimimi^-ion. 


Tl 


le 


fini'i.'i'<>ador  eoin|>laineil  luinlly  a',;iiinst  ihe  Iraii^aclion,  and  ihi 


il.K-  J, 


s|i;iiii.|i 


llii 
till 


II.  and  aiiiii 
del 


se   Iill 


•pain 


.h  ki 


mill's,  lo  I'xirn 
tiii/i  ■■'h   lo  lie  seized  on  his  relnrii.  who,  ii 


larne  ol   lreason,was  M'uleniedlo  he 


I'heiid 


Iv  hiiil,"  sa\s   Dr.  I'l'hilnh 


Oil.  IdlK-vN      ••  I   sh.i 

whom  Jiiin'sWtW  advised  lo  sarrilii-e  lo  llie  advani'emeni  ol'  the  peare  wilh  ."•pain.  Iialli  leli  im 


Oil.  wliirli  was  exei'iiled   upon  hiia  1%\ 
'  llial   Ihe  I'MTiilion  ol' ihis  "real  iiiiiii. 


inilelilile  slain  on  ihe  inemory  ol'lhal  mi-i;iiided  nii 


ih."     Il 


appears  hum  anolher  arcuiiui' 


hal  .'<ir   \\'iilli'i\  on  arriv  in^  al  ihe  moiilli  ol  Ihe  Oronoko,  u.is  taken  •'  desperalely  siek. 


seiil   liirward  a  coinpanv  under  one  nl'  his  raplains  in   searrli  o: 


r  iho  mild  mine.     Thai  ilii 


I'l  liv  liie  S 


allacked  them,  and  llial  ihis  was  ihe  eanse  of  their 


111.. 


lii„'  Si.  Thnmas,  and  lu'iiijj  olilifjed  lo  descend  ihe  ri\er  willionl  eU'eiliii";  the    olijeit  l 
Acre  upon. 
The  t'ollnwiiiij  rirriiinslani'P   rpspeotiiii;    iho    releliraled   Historv  of  Iho  World,  mil  In 


gener  illy  known,  rannol   Iml   he  acceplaMe  lo  the  re.ider.     The  Ii 


nme  (  w  hirh  is  win 


we  havi'  of  il)  uas  |iiili|i»hed  lieliire  he  wa~  imprisoned  llie  1,-isl  lime.     .Iiisl  litinrc  his  e.' 
lion,  he  sent  !'nr  the  piilill^her  of  il.     W'li  n  he  I'aine,  Sir  irnZ/iw  inok  him  hv  ihe  haml 


"  aller  >nnie  di-iimr  e.  aski   him  Imw    thai   wnrk  of  his  sold,     .Ah',   fliirn-  [ihe   name  nf  lln 
pnl'li^liei]  reliirnid  ill! 


answer,  Ihal  il  had  sold  so  slowlv  Ihal  il  li.ul  imdniie  him 


Al 


ih 


Mr.  H 


,1   Ins 
iirrr.  whirl 


\\''i//i  r  Ix'ih'sh.  sleppiiiir  1(1  hi 


vk 


hi 


oilier  part  nl  Ins  liislery 


nI,  lie  took  llie  oilier  li 


^lit   down   to  llie  limes   he   lived   ill  j  ilappin^  his  haml  iiii  Ins 


nprmled   pari  ol   In- 


work  s 


s  iiilo  Ins  hand.  Willi  a  smh,  sa\iii" 


Ah, 


my  friend.  Iialli  llie  lirsi   p,-irl  undone  lliee.  Ihe    seroiid   vol 


nine  slia 


II  mill 


o    no    innre 


nil 


ijraleliil  world  is  unworihy  of  il.'     \S'lien,  immedialely  ijninsf  lo  llie  lirc-.sidu,  throw  il  in 


nnd  sel  his  loot  on  it  iill  il  was  roiisiimod 


'  See 


<;„lli' 


Life 


11'.  [{■f/i-j-li.l'i).  ed.  I,( 


t  ,'^ome  a.nlhor  of  hidian  lales  m 


lUlil   delmiil    Inn 


UilO,  '2  vols.  .'!v( 
iM'lf  for  a  loii'.^'  lime  in  riajfinij  ohaiiiicx 


this   Indian   preailier's  name,  w  ilhoiil  invonlinj;  any  now  ones  ;  for  il  is  nol,  as   I   reniciiilx-r, 


spelt  twice  alike  in  our  aiitliorilies 


t  Till 


Ilisl. 


rmliii" 


*"l)f  OHIO  nHhrl,  of  (■oiiiiiliin,  r.<i|."      Pi,lirliflc\i  in  I.  />r«»,  ii.  Qli). 
t  Siii/i,  lll-t.  VIrL'illia,  T.     SfLiniil  sun,  snys  Mr.  I'uhrliilr,  tlcvoii,  li,  Oli). 

VVI  iiiihilV  iinti's  in  Hap  ii,  il.  11),). 

11  VVmstunley,  V\'urlhies,  aiij, 


[{ 


'I  II I II' 


I'.IIL'.   ii.   lid. 


II  Hist.  Devonshire,  i.  a'l'.l. 
**  Wiiistiwiloy,  Wortliie.s,  '2,")7 


CiiAr.III] 

[Hir/H.iyH/"ll'| 
IIIIIII',  iiad  hi'  nl 
tinir  >V''l-  '""•' 
mipii-mldi  il  '"  dl 
Dr. /..»/"'/'"•' 
(lie  I'liinicil  at 
Iiiil'mti!*  as  did.  \l 
divers  III'  ill'  '  I 
dtiier-',  7i(i'i'''i  ail 
Ihe  art  "<■  pniiliij 
iiieri'V  and  iniill 
|iroiiiisinjf  l'<a-  il 
anil  thi'  "lla  r  nl 
biiM'e  this  war  In] 
(,r  ilisea.'^rs,  Mu\i 
Killril  with  till    s 

\\(.  Thi'iiiiis  >i\ 
leli  his  iiiastir 
must  liiiM'  had  til 

It  was  in  Ij'i.'' 
ciiiaiilt'ti'd.  I''ii 
liiiii'li  till'  siirnr 
lln -jin Ilia:  In  I 
Ni\s"l  di-siiT  III 
I'liiiaitt  r\|ii'i'l  tit 
iVi'/i/'.",  tlial  i'^  all 
Hiiiiiliii^f."  Ill  'II 
"Our  sliiw  iiriijir 

the  sil'klH'HS  till!    U 

I'ew  hniids,  (at  pri 

'I'jiis  Indian  w 
"Saiiia  lit'  Jamai' 
Imii'i'  tlicsiiniaini- 

Thi'i'c  wa.s  an  I 
fm\  iiiiliiiii  III'  111' 
llii^rlish  1)1"  iMas.sii 
WIIS  slain  in  hattlr 
was  .Mr.  moVs  it 
otiii'i'  hiioks  in  tlui 

III  a  liittT  of 
Cdrporation  in  l'',n 
fiiriiirrly  brought 
riir|ii'iiti'r,  th;-  oti 
folliiw  tiifir  laisiiii 
Nisiilan,  wr  prcs 
WHS  dated  lOtli  St 

III  IliitH,  Jaimi 
III  170!l,  lit"  Sl'i'lli: 
lifiil  soini'  illt^|•^^ 
jiMiri's  (if  tin'  Jndi 
"  |{(  >STUi\,  N.  I 
^ulithntamwe  Clia 

W'l'  sliaii  now  I 
(ithi'rs,  docs  not  U] 
as  iiiiirh  so  as  iii^ 

Kiiklimnkln,  kn 
name ;  as,  Kutslut 


■  .Narralive,  dC>. 
i  Hist.  Priming,  i. 
Il  hiformalion  from 
a  place  of  stones,    'i 


fHooK  n 

nnd   Itiirlm 

IPXt  plnrr  Ir 
KTof  7U,. 

I  till'  llllllllll 

I'    ti)    Siliinii! 
Inn  in<.'  mil 

l!    \riilN,   nil,. 

list,  Ixilli  III,. 
<•!•,  Mr.  //i,4. 

il'<l  Hi i|.  H;n 

iiyhn-ii  (lili,,r>^ 
*\r  Uniiiiilin  ;, 
i'r>M'>.  iiinl  ,1;,. 

1(1    llir    I'.lli;!:,:, 

V'orlli  Aiinrir,,; 
111'  sImiiic  iiii>r.' 
lis;  II  \imn  liii.,., 

Ill     illlllrr»s.  ill;! 

.  line  111'  \\li...,. 

Iir^l    lli^lll.lKil,.! 

il  iiiiirr\iiii;  |,,f 

iiilrrlli.il.      ||... 

iriiiiiilii  ill  l.'r,: 

I.IMIlliill.  Il|ji,|| 

'III  iiiiil  ji'iirii,  I 
CI'  lici'u  \i,'rt,,l 
ill!  lis  MMi'kiii-< 
ml  iilhcr-.  Hire 
ilii//u  Stt-ii-'n-l; 
liiii  111  ;,ni  III!  :i: 

II  •Mlllll:  illlilii;|. 

III  lie  liiok  I  hi' 
lii.ii,  ns  S|ii.iii 

Till'   S|i;iiii.li 

.'•'.  Ill  I'Mrii  ;iiii 

jiini.  wliii.  ii|>i .. 

Il|>l>ll    llilll    J:>'': 

lis   j^rrill    111:111. 

ill,  lllltll  li'li  ;iil 

illirr  iirciiiiiil". 
Ilcl\-  sick,"  mill 
jr.  'I'luil  ihc; 
llirir  ;is>iiii|i- 

e   olijui'l  liii.'^ 

jrlil,  iiol  liciiii; 

1\\  liirli  is  wlial 

(irit  Ills  I'M'cii- 

111'  liiiiiil,  mill, 

11:11111'  III'  llii: 

|iii.     At  wliii'h 

liis  liisUiry  l« 

|s  luiiiil  oil  Ins 

iiyiiisj,  '  .\li, 

ll    iiiiirc  ;    llii'i 

,  threw  it  ill 


lii  rliiini;p<  nii 
I   ri'MiL'iiil)i'r, 


JAMr.S-Tlir.  I'RIMT.Il.-KUTCIIM.VKIN. 


61 


Chap.  HI. 

horVMiVH,*  "ll)- liiiil  ntlaiiM-d  himih-  skill  in  priiiliiiL',  uml  iiii)zlit  liavc  attained 
nil'  IiimI  lit'  II"'.  lil^''  "  '''I""'  ^ill"'".  '■""  ii^MiN    iVoiii  liis  iiinstrr  Itcllii')'  jiix 
I  ..,,,  \mi-  nil!."      .Villi  III'"  siiiiii'  iiiiilii>r  (iIm'TM's  lli.'it  till'  iiaiiii'  priiitir  wii.s 
Mill  I'liiliii  ll  '"  ili'liiiK"!"''  '''"'  ''■'""  "IImts  iiiiiii>'i|  Jdtiux. 

III. /..•/<'//'"' f  lili-  liiis  rrrnrl  uf  J((;/l(,it-y/n'(l/'/'.  ".Illls  H,  [|tl7ll.)  NVIirfrllH 
t|i|.  I'liiiiicil  lit  llostnii  llilll  liiti'l\  niiiltril  II  ili'i  lai'iitiiiti,  .«i;j;iiit\  in;:,  tliat  niicIi 
Iiitliiiis  lis  di'l.  »illiiii  1 1  ila\s,  riiiiif  in  tn  llir  r.ii^fli.'li,  iiii^'lit  lni|>"  liir  Hurry, 
lj\,i>ii|'  ilu'iii  iliil  lliis  day  n'tiirii  •ri>iii  aiimii;;'  llic  .\i|iiiiiirk.i.  .\iiii>ii)( 
iiiIh  i-'  Jiiiiii.i,  ■.m  liidiMii,  who  fiiiild  imt  iiiil\  itmiIiiiiiI  vmiIi',  lint  hml  icai'iiid 
liir  ml  I 'I'  |iiiiiliii,!.'i  ii<it\\iilistaiiiliinf  ills  :i|insiii  \,  dii!  M'litnri-  liiinsi'll"  ii|iiiii  ilic 
iiirrrv  ami  tnitli  <>t'  tin'  Ku;;'ii-<li  ili'i'laratiun,  wliii'li  li"  had  si  in  ami  r.'.iil, 
iiiniiiisiiij.'  I'lr  till'  I'liliiri' tu  M  iitiiii'   his  lili' a).oiiikt  tin iniiinii  riii'iii\.     IId 


tiiiil  iIk'  iitliir  ii<nv  niini'  in,  aliirin  that  vrry  iiiaiiv  nl'  tin'  Indians  arc  drad 
biiii'i'  this  war  hi'piii ;  and  that  iimri'  liavr  died  hy  llir  haml  nf  (ind,  in  ri's|ii')-t 
dl' ili'^riisrs,  tliiM'samI  rcvi'i's,  xshirh  liavr  lii'cn  inniin;;st  Ihiiii,  than  have  hern 
Killnl  \\ilh  lh<  sword." 

Ml',  '/'hiiiiiii.i  says,  (  it  was  owiiiji  to  tin-  tnudr  /itilrlir  o|'  J(iiii«s-/ii'liitvi'  that  ho 
\i\\  liis  iiiasli'r  and  joiiii'd  in  I'lnliji'^  war.  Ihit  how  nitiih  miuir  jtulniv  lit' 
liiii^t  liiiM'  had  to  iiiiM'  krpt  him  an  a|i|in'iitii'r  l<>  y  ars  is  imt  imiitioni'd. 

It  was  ill  lli'^'>  tliat  the  si'comi  edition  o|'  tlir  liiinons  Imii.in  Hililc  wan 
c'oiiijilt'li'd.  l''roni  till'  l"ollowiiiir  ti'sliinony  of  .Mr.  rjial  will  !»■  s'tii  how 
iiiHi'li  till'  siirnss  ot'  that  iiiidi'i'takin;:'  wtis  niiisidrri'd  to  di'|ii'iid  on  JiimiH- 
llii-iinnlir.  In  l*»'*''<,  in  writing'  to  ihe  Hon.  linUirl  Hdi/Ii  at  Lomlon,  .Mr.  I'^Htil 
Ni\s,  "I  di'sirc  to  SIC  il  dour  lirliin'  I  dir,  ami  I  inn  so  drrp  in  yrars.  tjuit  I 
ciiiiiiiit  i'.\|ii'<'l  to  live  loiifr;  lirsidrs,  wi'  liavf  hilt  oiii:  man,  viz.  tli.'  Inllan 
yVm/'.",  that  is  alilf  to  comiiosi'  the  shi'cts,  and  correct  the  prcMs  with  'inder- 
MMiiiliii;.'."  Ill  another,  troni  the  same  to  the  .siine,  ilatrd  a  year  allcr,  he  says, 
'M llir  slow  |iroirress  needeth  an  iijioloL'y.  \N'e  have  hnn  much  hindered  by 
till'  sickness  tlu!  last  year.  <  liir  woiknien  have  lueii  all  sick,  and  we  lia\e  hut 
i'l'W  liiiiiils,  (iit  printiiiif,)  one  l!n;^lisliiiian,  and  a  hoy,  and  one  Imli'i.n,"  il^c. 

'j'liis  Indian  was  iindoiihti  My  Jitmis-lht-iir!iil<r.  .\nd  iMr.  'JViamiitt  iiddH, 
"Siiiiii'  of  Jamr!i\'i  descendants  were  not  loiij,'  siiici!  liviii<,Mii  (jrallon  ;  tlii'y 
Ihhv  the  surname  of  I'rintir.^'^ 

There  wa.s  an  Indian  named  Jolt  ^Vr.sutan,  \\\\(>  \\t\H  also  concerned  in  the 
fr.1l  I'dition  of  the  Indian  iiihle.  lie  was  a  valiant  soldier,  and  went  with  tliu 
Kii^rlisli  ot'  iMassachiisetts,  in  the  first  e\|teditioii  to  .Mount  I  lope,  win  re  ho 
WHS  slain  in  battle.  "  lie  was  a  very  irood  linirnist  in  the  l'',nj!-lisli  ton^'iie,  and 
wiis  .Mr.  El'wCs  a.'^sistani  and  iiili  ijireter  in  liis  translation  of  the  IJihk^  and 
other  hooks  in  the  Indian  lan<;iiai;e."|| 

111  a  ll  Iter  of  the  coinmissioiiers  of  the  U.  C  of  New  England,  to  tliR 
ciir|iiiratioii  in  I'^iifrlaiKi,  we  llnd  this  postscript. — "Two  ol"  the  Indian  yiMillis 
fonucrly  hroiiiiht  up  to  read  and  write,  arc  put  apprentice;  the  one  to  a 
ffirpi'iiter,  the  other  to  iMr.  (hrtn  the  )»riiitei-,  who  take  their  trades  and 
liillinv  their  linsiiiess  very  well,"  Jamvu-lliv-prinUr  was  |irolmlil)  one  ot'  these. 
A'<s»/«ii,  we  presume,  wits  only  an  interpreter.  'J'lie  ahove-meiitioned  letter 
was  dated  lOtli  Hept.  KKiO. 

Ill  l(!!IH,  Jiums  was  teacher  to  five  Indian  families  at  Ilassinaiiimisco.H 
In  170!l,  he  seems  to  have  ffot  tliroii<rh  with  his  apprenticeship,  and  to  havo 
Jiad  some  interest  in  carryin^f  on  the  printing.'  husimss.  I''or,  in  the  title 
jKifrcs  of  the  Imlian  and  Hn^dish  Psalter,  printed  in  that  vear,  is  this  imprint: 
"HdSTON,  N.  E.  Upprinlhomuiwc  nu  15.  (iiiKK.N,  &  J.  PKLN'TI'IK,  wukhe 
frulitliintamwc  Chapanvkke  ut  ^Vew  Eiiirlaiifl,  6:c.  I70!l." 

We  shall  now  jiass  to  notice  a  Massachiisetts  sachem,  who,  like  too  many 
(illiers,  does  not  appear  to  the  best  ad\antai>e;  nevertheless,  we  doubt  not  but 
as  niiicli  so  as  he  deserves,  as  by  the  seipiel  will  be  seen.     We  mean 

h'litchmnkin,  known  also  by  several  other  names,  or  variations  of  the  sanio 
name;  as,  Kutslntnunjiiin,  Culslutmoqueu,  Culrluinwkin,  nnd  many  more,  as,  in 


m 


Hi 


i 


.r%v  ■■if 


»  . 


>  -l' 


T, !«„■:-  '.r- 


•1 


*  Narralive,  %.  t  Hrii  f  Ilisl.  8!) 

4  Hist.  Priming,  i.  2f1"2,  29.3, 
ll  Information  t'roni  Mr.  E.  Tiirkrnmin,  it.- 
a  place  of  stones.    Thomas,  ut  supra. 


t  Hist.  Priiilinij:,  i.  2'JO. 
Ijnookin,  //(.s7.  I'raijinz  Indimis. 
Ilassinamniisco,  Ilassaiiamcsit,  &.C.  signified 


'  y '.' 


'■'mi 


mmm 


53 


KUTCIIMAKIN.— WAR  WITH  THE  PEQUOTS. 


[BuoK  II, 


fi 


(lifTcront,  pnrts  of  our  work,  cxtractrt  will  nr-rrssarily  show.  Ifc  was  one  ^f 
tliosi;  saclit'iiis  who,  in  l(i4."5 — I,  siifiioil  a  siihinissioii  to  tlio  English,  as  Ija, 
been  iMi'iitioiicd  in  a  |>rf'(;e(linj^  chapter. 

In  Jti.'Jd,  Kiifslianutkin  sold  to  tlio  |)('o|)lo  of  Dorchostor,  Uncataf|nissot 
bfiiij,'  the  ]}i\n  of  that  town  since  called  Milton.  This,  it  ap|H'ai*s,  was  at  soim. 
period  his  residence.  Though  he  was  a  sachem  under  H'oosaiiuquin,  yet,  li|;,. 
Cnunbitant,  he  was  opposed  to  the  settlement  of  the  English  in  his  coiintiv. 
H(;  soon,  liow('ver,  b(;cam(!  riM'onciled  to  it,  and  became  a  (christian.  Wln'n 
Sir.  I'jliot  desired  to  know  why  he  was  op|)osed  to  his  pi  opie's  becoinini; 
Christians,  ho  said,  then  they  woidd  pay  him  no  trii)ute. 

VVlien  tiie  English  of  Massachusetts  sent  to  Cunonicus,  to  infpiire  into  ilie 
cause!  of  tl  ,  murder  of  John  Oldham,  Kutshamakin  accompanied  theni  as 
interpreter,  fighter,  or  whatever  Wius  requircMl  of  him. 

As  no  satisffiction  coidd  bo  had  of  tlr ;  Pecpiots,  for  the  murder  of  Mr.  OW- 
ham,  it  was  resolved,  in  KilJti,  to  semi  an  army  into  their  cotuitry  "to  light  with 
them,"  if  what,  in  the  o])inion  ol"  the  English,  as  a  recom|)ens(.',  were  not  to  In; 
obtained  without.  The  armament  consisted  of  about  DO  men,  These  fii^t 
went  to  Ulock  Island,  where  they  saw  a  f< w  Indians  before  they  landed,  wIki, 
after  shooting  a  few  arrows,  which  wounded  two  of  the  English,  fled.  Tin- 
Indians  had  here  "two  ])lantatir)ns,  three  miles  in  simder,  and  about  liO 
wigwams,  some  very  larg(!  and  liiir,  and  above  200  acres  of  corn."  This  iho 
J'lnglish  destroyed,  "staved  seven  canoes,"  and  aflcr  two  days  spent  in  tlu^ 
business,  and  hunting  for  Indians  without  success,  sailed  to  tin-  main  l,iiii|, 
where  Kiilshamakin  ])erfornied  his  ])art  in  Jiastening  on  the  Po'juot  calaiMiiy. 
Having  waylaid  one  of  that  nation,  he  shot  and  scalped  him.  The  scalp  In 
sent  to  Canonieus,  who  sent  it  about  among  all  his  sj'chem  friends;  tliiis 
expressing  his  approbation  of  the  murder,  and  wilhngness  to  engage  lii« 
friends  to  light  for  the  l:]nglish.  As  a  further  proof  of  his  approval  of  the  act, 
he  not  only  thanked  the  English,  but  gave  Kutshamakin  lour  fathom  ol' 
wam|)um. 

Ca|)t.  LAon  Gankner  gives  tis  some  particulars  of  this  affair,  which  are  vorj 
valuable  for  the  light  they  throw  on  this  part  of  our  early  transactions  with  tin 
Pequots.  The  alliiir  we  have  just  mentioned  happened  inmiediately  after 
Emiicott,  Turner,  and  Underhill  arrived  at  Saybrook,  from  Block  Island,  ('apt. 
Gardener  then  conunandcd  the  fort,  who  sjjoke  to  them  as  follows  of  their 
undertaking:  "You  come  hither  to  raise  these  wasps  about  my  ears,  anil  tlicii 
you  will  take  wing  and  flee  away."  It  so  camo  to  pass;  and  although  he  was 
much  opposed  to  their  gting,  yet  they  went,  agreeably  to  their  instructions. 
Gan/eHc?- instructed  them  how  to  proceed,  to  avoid  being  surprised;  but  the 
Indians  played  them  a  Yinkee  trick,  as  in  the  sequel  will  apjiear. 

On  coming  to  the  Pequot  towni,  they  inquired  for  the  sachem,*  wishing  tn 
parley  with  him:  his  ])eople  said  "he  was  from  Iiome,  but  within  three  hoiii-s 
he  would  come ;  and  so  from  three  to  six,  and  thence  to  nine,  there  came 
non(\"  lint  thr;  Indians  came  fearlessly,  in  great  numbei-s,  and  spoke  to  thcni, 
through  the  int(!rpreter,  Kutshamakin,  for  sotne  time.  This  delay  was  a  strata- 
gem which  succeeded  well;  for  they  rightly  guessed  that  the  English  liml 
come  to  injure  them  in  their  ])oi"sons,  or  projierty,  or  both.  Therefore',  m  liilr 
some  were  entertaining  the  English  with  words,  others  carried  off  their  eliiits 
and  hid  them.  \Vhen  they  had  done  this,  a  signal  was  given,  and  all  tin 
Indians  ran  away.  The  English  then  fell  to  bm'ning  and  destroying  evi  rv 
thing  they  coidd  meet  with.  Gardener  had  sent  some  of  his  men  with  tlif 
oth.'rs,  who  were  unaccountably  left  on  shore  when  the  others  reembarkid, 
and  were  jtursued,  and  two  of  them  woimded  by  the  Indians. 

"The  Hay-men  killed  not  a  man,  save  that  om^,  Kichomiquim,  an  Indi.iii 
sachem  of  the  Hay,  killed  a  Pequit;  and  thus  began  the  war  between  the 
Indians  and  us,  in  these  parts." f  The  Pequots  henceforth  used  every  means 
to  kill  the  I'.nglish,  and  many  were  taken  by  them,  and  some  tortured  in  their 
maimer.     "Thus  fin-,"  adds  Gardener,  "I  had  written  in  a  book,  that  all  men 

*  Sa.isanis,  s;i_vs  M'itithrir))  (i.  11M-.)  ;  l>iil  boin;;  told  he  was  <;oiie  to  [.oiig  Island,  the  gene- 
ral demanded  lo  see  "  the  ulher  sachem,  &c."  which  was  doubtless  MonunoUo. 
f3  Coll.  Ilisl.  Sue.  iii.  141,  &c. 


and  posterity  i 
Hhed,  yea,  and 
oniv  because  / 

'i'o  say  llic  I 
infiriiwi  of  til 
,v|M-escnt  then 

(;ipvenn»r 
(•(instaiilly  "til 
Waierttnvn  n 
near  Dorchesti 
ot'  h'ltt.ilutiiuik' 

In  l(i4f^,  ('"' 
t(i  a  deed  ma( 
(iriffin  wer(! 
The  tract  ol' 
which  Cato  iv. 


Of  the  arf.dt  no 
— Miami  NNt 
Scll.1  Rltodt.  I 
WKiimiiij  and 
rrpc.  s  it — Wa 
Ills  iicu/ilr — // 
exiciiiion — /'(/ 
TniditloHS—^ 
—  Clidriirler  n 
of  plottinsr  iri. 
iViir  liclirrcn  ^ 
Farther  uccoul 

TiiK  hounds 
"I'aiitiii'kit  Riv 
hv  a  hriiok  call 
the  sea,  or  niai 
many  ishuids,  I 
Niantiek,  thoiif! 
within  it.  Aci 
ahniit  :{0  or  4( 
Rhode  Islainl 
tlicMi  from  the 
at  the  /riiith  ol 
of  thxrhj  Ihous 
fatlcr,  lived,  in 

hi   17()(!,  or 
Narrairanset  fi 
sons.     Mr.  I), 
pehoolmaster. 
lisheil  I  cannot 

A  census  of 
Fch.  1H:V>,  wii 
theniselvi's  ma 

Of  the  earl 
learned  from  t 
iiaiiu'd  Titshta 

^Siill'dlk  Reij. 

picture  i>r  some  I' 

tSee3('oll.  INI 

j  Sue  Beattifs 


[Book  II, 

lie  was  ()ii(.  ,jf 
Euglisli,  as  l,a,, 

Uiicatii((iiissit 
i-s,  was  at  .■^iiiiii' 
iiajuin,  yet,  lik,. 

ill  liis  coiuitiv. 
ri.stiaii.  WIk'u 
pie's  becoiniiii; 

ifjiiin!  info  ihr. 
laiiied  tiu'iii  as 

\vr  of  Mr.  0/,/. 
^-"to  lijrliiwi:!, 
I  wen;  not  to  h; 
1.  Tlu'sc  first 
V  landed,  wlin, 
isli,  fled.  Till. 
and  ahoiit  IJO 
ni."  Tills  the 
s  spent  in  this 
tile  main  liiml, 
i";ii()t  ealaniitv. 

The  seal))  li. 

friends;  thus 
to  enirajre  liis 
oval  of  the  act, 
3iir  fathom  of 

ivliicli  are  vvr\ 
ctions  with  tJR 
lied  lately  altiT 
Island,  (.'apt. 
lows  of  tlicir 
ears,  and  tiiwi 
longli  he  was 
r  instniotioiis, 
rised;  but  the 

n,*  wishiiiirtn 

n  tliree  iioiii-s 

,  there  eamc 

)oke  to  them. 

was  a  stratd- 

English  had 

refore,  wliili' 

f  their  elircts 

and  all  the 

royinsr  every 

neii  with  tlio 

i-eoniljai'ked, 

m,  an  Indian 

between  tiir 

every  ineaiRi 

nrcd  in  their 

that  all  nK'ii 

iiiud,  tlie  gene> 


Chu'.  IV] 


OF  Tin:   NAIUIAGANSETS— T.\Sirr.\.SSUCK. 


53 


i 


ami  posterity  mijjht  know  liow  and  why  so  many  honest  mi'ii  had  their  blood 
tilii'd  yea,  and  some  llayed  alive,  others  cut  in  |)ieees,  and  some  roasted  alive, 
oiilv  beeans(!  Kiclinmukin,  a  May  Indian,  killed  one  I*<'(|iiot." 

'i'o  sav  the  least  of  our  author,  he  had  the  best  possilile  means  to  he  coireclbj 
infurmc'l  of  these  matters,  and  we  know  not  that  be  had  any  motive  to  mis- 
j-('|in'seiit  iheni. 

(ioveriior  Wmlhrop  meiitit.ns,  under  date  l(i4t!,  that  Mr.  FA'wl  leetiired 
(•(iiistantlv  "one  week  at  the  wigwam  of  one  If'abon,  a  new  saehem  near 
WatertoNvn  mill,  and  the;  other  the  next  week  in  the  wif^wam  of  CutalKtnitkin, 
mar  Dorehester  mill."  We  shall  have  oeeasion  in  another  (-haiiter  to  speak 
of  Kulshnmakin. 

Ill  I<i4f*,  i'ulchamckin,  as  be  was  then  ealled,  and  Jojeiinji  appear  lus  witnesses 
ti,  a  dei'd  niaihi  by  anotli(;r  Indian  ealled  Cnlo,  alias  (ioodmiin.  L(tnc  and 
ilr'ifjm  wen;  the  grantees  "in  behalf  of  tin;  rest  of  the  people  of  Sudbury." 
Till'  tract  of  land  sold  adjoined  Sudbury,  and  wius  five;  miles  scpiare;  for 
which  Colo  received  five-  pounds.     Jojeuny  was  brother  to  Calo.* 

CIIAPTF.R  IV. 

Oj  tht  s^cat  nation  of  the  Xarra![aitscts — Gcogrnphij  of  their  country — Canonicus 

\liAXTrNNoM<JH — His  relations — ^lids  the  Eni'lish  in.  (lestroi/inir  the  Pe(jU'ts — 

.S'(7/.s-  RItode  Island — His  di_(f>callics  with  the  Em^lish — Visits  Itosliin, — His  viair, 
ivinimi!ij  and.  iiide/ieHdince — Charsrtd  leith  a  ronsjiirae'/  airainst  the  irhites — .JWy 
rriir.  s  it — Wai.vmianck   becomes  his  secret  enenni—^Jlis  s/ieecli  .to  lidiandancf  and 


uf  idotling  irith  thcni — ."iljlij  defends  himself — ^../m.o  .//  ..<,r/.fo  iyi,,.<>  •unni,,^ — 
War  helicccn  JViuiirrct  and  .Iscassassntich — Present  condition  of  his  descendants — 
Farther  account  of  I'essacus — Killed  Inj  the  Mohawks. 

The  bounds  of  Narrngans^'t  were,  as  described  in  the  times  of  the  sachems,  f 
"I'aiilwekit  River,  Cluenebage  [Quabaog]  and  Niimiuck,"  northerly  ;  "  westerly 
by  a  hrook  called  We(piapaiig,  not  far|  from  l*a(|uatuck  River;  southerly  by 
tli(!  sea,  or  main  ocean ;  and  easterly  by  the  Nanhiganse.  I5ay,  wherein  Ileth 
iiiaiiy  islands,  by  det-ds  bought  of  tin;  Nanbiganset  sachems."  Cowees  tt  and 
Niaiitick,  though  sometimeH  applied  to  this  country,  were  names  only  of  places 
within  it.  According  to  IMr.  Gookin,  "tlit;  territory  of  their  sacln'iii  extended 
about  •lO  or  40  mih's  from  Sekiink  River  and  Narragansitt  Hay,  including 
Rhode  Island  and  other  ishuids  i'l  that  bay."  Pavvcatuck  River  se|ijirated 
tluMii  from  the  Pecpiots.  This  nation,  under  Can  iiicus,  ha<l,  in  Kil'i,  arrived 
at  tiie  /eiiith  of  its  greatness,  and  was  siipposiul  to  have'  contained  a  jiopulatioii 
of  thirtji  thoumnd.  This  estimate  was  by  Richard  SniiUi,  jr.,  who,  \\itli  bis 
fatlcr,  live;!  in  their  country. 

In  17()(!,  or  about  that  year,  Mr.  Smnuel  Drake  made  a  cr.talogue  of  the! 
Narraganset  Indians.  This  catalogiit;  contajned  the  names  of  aliout  •'{bi  |)er- 
soiis.  Mr.  Drake  spent  14  y(>ars  among  them,  chiefly  in  the  capacity  of  a 
prhodlinaster.  He  wrote  an  account  of  them,  but  whether  it  was  ev(!r  |)ub- 
lislied  1  cannot  l(!arn.  § 

A  census  of  thosi'  calling  themselves  n  remnaiU  of  tlu;  Narragansets,  taken 
Feb.  iH:J'i,  was  315;  only  seven  of  whom  were  unmixed.  The  Imlians 
themsi'lvi's  make  their  number  31)4.  || 

Of  the  early  times  of  this  nation,  some  of  the  first  English  inhabitants 
learned  from  the  old  Indians,  tiiat  they  bad,  previous  to  their  arrival,  a  sicluun 
named  TaslUnssuck,  and  their  encomiums  upon  his  wisdom  and  valor  were 

'SiitViilk  Ill's;.  DimmIs.     'I'Iktc  is  no  n-imc  si|rii(>(l  In  the  ik't-d,  hill  ni  tlic  phicc  thereof,  is  iho 
picluri'  of  soiiio  foiir-iosjircd  uiiiiiial  (Irawii  on  liis  l)acl<. 
tSi'c  ,5  Coll.  >|,n^s.  Hist.  Soc.  I.  210.  t  F'H'r  "f  f'^e  miles,  snvs  Gookin. 

^  Sue  Ueaaifs  Jou^ial,  106.  I|  iMS.  leller  of  Kev.  Mr.  Ely. 


54 


CANONICUS. 


[Cook  II 


1  m 

m  'jpl 

',1 

1  ''8 

& 

■I    ||Mm§L 

i  BH 

li 

much  lli(  y.mw.  as  iIk;  Dclawuros  reported  of  tlieir  ffroat  cliiof  Tamanrj;  tli(,| 
•iiicc,  tlicrc  liad  iu)t  l)eeii  iiis  e(Hial,  &n-.  Tuslitassiick  had  Imt  two  eliildnri, a 
Boii  and  daiiglitcr;  these  h(!  joined  in  marriage,  b(!eaiis(^  lie  could  lind  nniip 
Wortiiy  ol"  tiiein  out  of  his  family.  The;  product  of  this  marriage  was  Whk 
sons,  of  whom  Canonicus  was  the  oldest.* 

Ca.vomcus,!  tilt'  great  sachem  of  the;  Narragansets,  was  contemporary  with 
Mianlunnomoh,  who  was  his  nephew.  We  know  not  the  time  of  his  hiiili,  hm 
a  son  of  his  was  at  JJoston  in  1(>}I,  the  next  year  afhr  it  was  settled.  Hut  ti|. 
time  of  his  death  is  minutely  recorded  by  (Governor  tVinthrop,  in  ins  "  Jouiiial," 
thus:  "June  4,  l(i47.  Canonicus,  tiio  great  sachem  of  Narragauset,  di((l,  ,, 
very  old  man."  He  is  generally  supposed  to  have  been  about  H5  years  of  a^r, 
when  he  died. 

The  Wampanoags  were  in  great  fear  of  the  Narragansets  about  tlie  time  tlir 
English  canu!  to  Plimouth,  and  at  on<!  time  war  actually  existed,  and  Alftssimil 
fled  l)el()re  Canonicus,  and  applied  to  the  English  for  protection. 

Edward  /fins/oit)  relates,  in  his  Goon  News  from  New  England,  that,  jii 
Feb.  l(J2y,  Canonicus  stint  into  Plimouth,  by  one  of  his  men,  a  bundli'  nf 
arrows,  bound  with  a  rattlesnake's  skin,  and  tliere  lell  them,  and  retired.  Tin 
Narragansets,  who  were  reported  at  this  time  "  many  thousand  strong,"  liciiiini; 
of  the  weakn(>ss  of  the  English,  "began,  (says  the  above-named  author,)  lu 
breath  forth  many  threats  against  us,"  although  they  had  the  last  sniiinni 
"desired  and  obtained  peace  with  us." — "Insomuch  as  the  connnon  talk  u\ 
our  neighbor  Indians  on  all  sides  was  of  the  preparation  they  made  to  coin.. 
against  us."  They  were  now  imboldened  from  the  circumstance  that  ilii. 
English  had  just  added  to  their  numbers,  but  not  to  their  arms  nor  provisimis. 
The  ship  Fortune  had,  not  long  before,  landed  35  pereons  at  Pliujouth,  iinil 
the  Narragansets  seem  to  have  been  well  informed  of  all  the  circumstaiicis, 
This,  (says  Mr.  frrns/oj/;,)  "occasioned  them  to  slight  and  brave  us  with  sk 
many  threats  as  they  did.  At  length  came  one  of  them  to  us,  who  was  snu 
by  Conaucus,  their  chief  sachem  or  king,  accompanied  with  one  Tokamahammt, 
a  friendly  Indian.  This  messenger  inquired  for  Tisquanlum,  our  interpn iir, 
who  not  being  at  home,  seemed  rather  to  be  glad  than  sorry;  aud  leaviiijf  tin 
him  a  bundle  of  new  arrows,  lapped  in  a  rattlesnake's  skin,  desired  to  dcjiait 
with  all  exptidition." 

AVhen  Squanto  was  made  acquainted  with  the  circumstance,  lie  told  tlie 
English  that  it  was  a  challenge  for  war.  Governor  Bradford  took  the  riittii- 
snakt^'s  skin,  and  filled  it  with  powdtir  and  shot,  and  returned  it  to  Canonicus: 
at  the  same  time  instructing  the  messenger  to  bid  him  defiance,  and  invite  iiiin 
to  a  trill'  of  strength.  The  messenger,  and  his  insulting  carriage,  had  tlio 
desired  effect  upon  Canonicus,  for  he  woidd  not  receive  the  skin,  and  it  was 
cast  out  of  every  comnmnity  of  the  Indians,  imtil  it  at  last  was  returned  in 
Plimouth,  and  all  its  contents.  This  was  a  demonstration  that  he  was  awcil 
into  silenc(!  and  res|)ect  of  the  English,  by  the  decided  stand  and  iiostilo 
attitude  they  assumed. 

In  l(i21,  soon  afler  the  war  with  Caunbilnnt  was  over,  among  'hose  who 
sought  the  friendship  of  the  English,  was  Canonicus  himself,  notwithstaiidiiiL' 
he  was  now  coiu-ting  war  again  so  soon.  He  had  iloubtkiss  nearly  got  rid  ot' 
the  fear  that  the  news  of  Stawlisli's  conduct  first  inspired,  and  had  taken  \\\t 
again  his  old  resolution  of  fighting  the  strangei-s  at  IMiniouth. 

Ih;  is  mentioned,  with  great  respect  by  Ilev. /io^er  H'iUiams,\  \n  llie  year 
1(154.  Afler  observing  that  manij  hundreds  of  tlu;  English  were  witnesses  to 
the  friendly  disposition  of  ^he  Narragansets,  he  says,  "Their  late  famous  loiii;- 
lived  Caunonicus  so  lived  and  died,  and  in  the  same  most  honorable  niaiiiitr 
and  solenniity,  (in  their  way,)  as  i/ow  laid  to  skiCf)  your  prudent  peace-maker, 
Mr.  IVinthrop,  did  they  honor  this  their  {)rudent  uud  ])eaceable  prince ;  yea, 

*Hulrhinsoi),  i.  158,  who  met  with  tills  account  in  M.S. ;  hut  wo  do  not  give  imj)licil  croclii 
to  il,  its,  at  liest.  it  is  trndilioii. 

tTliis  spcllin;^  does  not  convoy  the  tnie  proninicialion  of  the  name;  other  spellings  will  lie 
noliei'd  in  llie  rourso  of  his  l)ioj>in|>liy.  Its  sound  approachod  so  near  the  Latiu  woid  cuiioni- 
cus,  that  il  bocanio  confmiiidod  with  il.     Qmimmrie  was  early  wriltuu. 

^  Manuscript  letter  to  the  governor  of  Massachu.'selts. 


tliro"!?''  all  their 
our  Englishmen 

'YUv  ftillowiiijj 
muiset,  18  .Muie 
facts  very  i>ertii 
and  constant  ilc 
Canonkiis  wiis  t 
of  his  youth)  wi 
uncle  Canonicus 
„„t  for  thf  tiivo 
not  Ulioil''  W"'" 
of  Canonirus  bii 

When  .Mr.  Jol 

pet  III!  toot  '»>■  *•" 
that  Canonicus  a 
other  Narragaiis 
conduct  of  the  E 
gettlers  consiihire 
letter  for  Camni 
lie  had  resolved 
despatched  mess 
aiitlioriz'!'!  the  I 
admit  them  into 
although  it  was 
iijMin  tlicin,  andj 
to  Pessacun.    Tli 
inessengei-s  recei 
of  Mr.  Oldham. 
liusiiiess;  oliservi 
and  marvel  Ions 
treaty,  clearing  h 
of  \U  yet  upon  vc 
This  sachem  if 
"The  chiefest  go 
Minntumiomu,a\u 
tliis  young  man's 
The  old  sachem  ' 
young  sachem  wi 
this  passage  befc 
Whakheer : — 


"At  a  meeting 
Sept.,  K143,"  it  w 
"give  Conoonacu 
time"  they  have 
notwithstanding 
that  they  had  co 
which  he  lad  inl 
try,  by  gifts  Jind 
contrary  to  the  " 
Therefore,  know 
Mtiantcnomo,  gov 
oiitlireakings"  to 
more  than  to  "ai 

Notwithstanili 
their  confiulerate 

*  This  w 


ig  Mioso  will) 
tvvitlistaiKliiiL' 
rly  j(()t  rid  ot' 
lud  taken  up 

I  in  the  yt'jir 
witiicssi's  to 
famous  loii;:- 
rahle  iiiaiuur 
pcacc-iiKikcr, 
prince ;  vi'a, 

:  iiiij)licil  crcdil 

spi'lliiiirs  will  he 
in  woitl  camni- 


[Book  II 

Tamai))/;  ti,;,, 
two  cliiidnii, ;! 
onid  find  a,,,,,! 
riage  M'as  [',,<•; 

einporarv  win, 
f  liirt  biiili,  III;, 
ttlcd.  Hut  tip 
liis"J()iu-ii,ii," 
jansct,  died,  ., 
35  years  ol"  iii.r,- 

lit  the  tiino  thr 
,  and  Massusoil 


GLAND,  that,  ii, 
,  a  bundle  nf 
1  retired.  Tl,,, 
trong,"  lieariiij 
led  uuthoi-,)  III 
5  la.st  sunuiMr 
ninion  tall;  oi' 
made  to  coine 
tance  that  tlio 
nor  provisidiis, 
Plimonth,  jiinl 
circuinstaucts. 
ve  us  witii  SI) 
wiio  was  si'iit 
Tokamahamiin. 
iir  intcrpn  ti  r, 
nid  leaving  tiir 
ired  to  depait 

he  told  tlie 
ioi<  the  rattle- 
to  Canonicus; 
nid  invite  iiim 
iage,  had  tlio      5 
in,  and  it  was 
returni'd  tii 
he  was  awi-il 
1  and  hostilo 


Chap-  IV.] 


CANONICUS.— MASCUS. 


tliroii'di  all  tln'ir  towns  and  countries  how  frequently  do  many,  and  oft  times, 
.  |.;'],jriishnien  travel  alone  with  safety  and  lovini;  Uindness?" 
The  Following  statement  of  Ro^tr  ff'illiaiii.'i  \<  in  a  deposition,  dated  Narra- 
fT'iuset  IH  June,  l(if^2,  and,  although  varying  a  little  from  the  above,  eonlains 
!•■  .ts  v'erv  pertinent  to  our  purposes  J  It;  .siys,  "1  testify  that  it  was  the  general 
,1,1,1  constant  (hMdaration,  that  Canonicus  iiis  father  iiad  three  .sons,  when  of 
(\vionii:us  vV'is  th<!  lieir,  and  his  youngest  brothi  r's  son  MKintlnonvj  (because 
of  iiis  voiith)  was  Ins  marshal  and  executioner,  and  did  nothing  williout  his 
iiiicle  Canonicus'  consent.  And  therefore  I  liecian!  to  posterity,  that  were  it 
not  for  ;'"'  ttivor  that  God  gave  nie  with  Cimonicus,  none  of  tlie.se  pjirts,  no, 
not  Rhode  Island,  had  been  purchased  or  obtained;  for  I  never  got  any  thing 
ot"  Cnunnirus  but  i)y  gilh" 

When  Air.  John  Oldham  was  killed  near  Block  Island,  and  an  investigation 
set  on  foot  '>.V  the  English  to  ascertain  the  iiiin-derers,  tlcy  were  i'ully  .suislied 
that  Cnnonic'us  and  Miantunnomoh  had  no  band  in  the  afliiir,  but  tiiat  "the  six 
otliiT  Narraganset  sachems  had."  No  wonder  he  took  great  offence  at  the 
fondiK't  of  the  English  concerning  the  death  of  jMianlunnomoli.  The  Warwick 
gt'ttlifs  considered  it  a  great  piece  of  injustice,  and  lAIr.  Samuel  Gorton  wrote  u 
letter  for  Canoaicus  to  the  govermnent  of  Massachusetts,  notifying  them  that 
ho  had  resolved  to  be  revenged  upon  the  Mohegans.  Upon  tiiis  the  I'.nglish 
despatched  messengers  to  Narraganset  to  in(]uire  of  Canonicus  vvli(;tlier  ho 
autliori/.ed  the  letter.  He  tr(>ated  them  with  great  coldne.s.s,  and  woidd  not 
udniit  them  into  his  wigwam  for  the  space  of  two  hours  after  their  arrival, 
although  it  was  exceedingly  rainy.  When  they  were  admitted,  lit;  frowned 
niton  tlicni,  and  gave  them  an,swers  fontigii  to  the  j)nrpose,  and  referred  them 
to  Pessacun.  This  was  a  very  cold  reception,  compared  with  that  wiiich  the 
nii's.<engers  received  when  sent  to  him  for  information  respcjcting  the  dtNith 
i)i' Mr.  Oldham.  "They  returned  with  jicceptance  and  good  success  of  tlieir 
hiisine.>'s;  oi)S(!rving  in  the  sachem  much  state,  great  command  of  bis  men, 
and  nianellous  wisdom  in  his  answers;  and  in  the  carriagi!  of  tin;  whole 
trcatv,  clearing  himself  and  bis  neighbors  of  the  murder,  and  offering  revenge 
of  it,  v<!t  upon  very  sjife  and  wary  conditions." 

This  sachem  is  said  to  have  governed  in  great  harmony  with  bis  nephew. 
«Tlie  (diiefest  government  in  the  country  is  divided  between  a  younger  sachem, 
Minntimnomu,i\\id  an  elder  sachem,  C«itnauH«cws,  of  alioutlburscore  years  old,* 
this  voung  man's  imcle  ;  and  their  agreement  in  the  government  is  remarkai)le. 
Tiie  old  sachem  will  not  i)e  olfendeil  at  what  the  young  sachem  doth  ;  and  the 
voung  sachem  will  not  do  what  be  conceives  will  di,s|)lease  his  uncle."f  With 
this  passage  before  him,  Mr.  Durfee  versilies  as  follows,  in  his  poem  culled 
Whatcheer : — 

"  Two  niigiity  chiefs,  one  oautious,  wise,  and  old, 
One  yoiuia;',  and  slioiiij,  and  terrible  in  fig'lit, 
All  Narraganset  and  ('owesct  iiold  ; 
One  lodge  tiiey  build — oilo  counsel  fire  lliey  light." 

"At  a  meeting  of  the  commissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  at  I}o.ston,  vij 
Sept.,  lf>48,"  it  was  agreed  that  Massachusetts,  in  belnilf  of  tin;  oth^r  colonics, 
"frive  Conoonacus  luid  the  Nanobiggunsets  to  tmihjrstand,  that  from  time  to 
time"  they  have  taken  notice  of  their  violation  of  the  covenant  between  them, 
notwithstanding  tht;  gretit  manif  stations  of  their  love  to  them  by  tiii>  English; 
that  they  hfid  concurred  with  .Miantunnomoh  in  his  latt^  mischievous  plots,  by 
wiiich  he  1  ad  intended  "to  root  out  the  body  of  the  English"  from  the  coiin- 
tn,  by  gifts  and  alhirements  to  other  Indians;  anil  tlnit  he  had  invaded  Uncus, 
CDUtrary  to  the  "trlpartie  covenant"  between  himself.  Uncus,  tuid  Connecticut. 
Tlii'ref()re,  knowing  "how  peactiable  Conanacus  <uid  Masrus,  the  late  fitther  of 
Miiantcnnmo,  governed  thtit  great  people,"  they  itscribed  the  late  "tumults  and 
duilireiikings"  to  the  malicious,  rash  and  )imi)itious  spirit  of  Miantunnomoh, 
mmv  than  to  "any  adected  way  of  their  own." 

Notwithstanding,  Miantunnomoh  being  now  put  to  death,  the  English  and 
their  confederate  Indian  sachems,  namely,  "  Fhcus,  sagtunore  of  the  iMohegins, 


*Thi3  was  wrillen  about  1613. 


tCol.  11.  I.  llisl.  Soc.  vol.  i. 


r 

m 

^V'5 

i 

& 

■1 

w  ■':  y 

m 

W'ji 

56 


CANONICUS.— HIS  WAR  WITH  THE   PEQUOTS. 


[RUOK  II 


ll. 


^1 


nnd  liis  people,  Woosamequine  and  liis  people,  Snrfiiioroe  and  liis  people,  P,,^, 
ham  and  liis  peojile,  \ver(!  disposed,  tliey  said,  still  to  liave  peace  wiili  i|,j 
Narnifxansets;  l)nt  should  expect  a  more  Caithrul  ohsei-vance  ot"  tlieir  aiino 
incnt  tiian  tliey  had  shown  hitherto."  'I'iiis  iletermination  was  to  i>e  iiiiiii,. 
diately  laid  het'ure  tliein,  and  a  |)ronipt  answer  demanded. 

In  a  ^rave  assemlilv,  npoii  a  certain  occasion,  Canonifiis  thns  addns,*!!! 
Jioij^cr  Jf'illiams :  "I  have  never  sidlered  any  wronjf  to  he  otlired  lo  i|,j 
]'ji,:udish  since  tli.'y  landed,  nor  never  will;"  and  olten  repeated  the  wonl 
ff'itnnfniniwtii/ean.  "it"  the  l'.n<ilishman  speak  trne,  if  he  mean  trnly.tJRt, 
shall  I  fj-o  lo  my  },'rav(!  in  |)eact',  and  hope  that  tlio  English,  and  my  jiostiiitv 
shall  live  in  love  and  peace  fo<j;etlier." 

\Vh(  II  Mr.  nillidms  said  hi'  hoped  he  had  no  cause  to  ((iiostion  tlie  Eiiirlisl,. 
men's  wtni)i((tiiitW(iu()iii/;,\\u\t  is,  (JiithCuliiess,  ha\iiii,f  lonj;  heen  accpiainted  wiHi 
it,  C'linoniriis  look  a  stick,  and,  hreakiiri;-  it  into  ten  jiieces,  related  t 'U  insianos 
wherein  they  had  proved  false;  layinjr  down  a  piece  at  each  instance.  \|f 
Williams  satistied  him  that  Ik;  was  mistaken  in  some  ot"  them,  and  as  to  dih-r, 
lie  aji'reed  t<)  interceih;  with  the  goveriuir,  who,  he  doubted  not,  would  iiink. 
satisfiiction  for  them. 

\n  ]().'}."),  Rev.  ftoyr/'  /ri7/i'«m.9  fouiiil  Canonicus  muX  .Minntiamomoli  carninj 
on  a  hloody  war  against  the  VVampanoags.  Hy  his  intercession  an  eml  \v;l< 
put  to  it,  and  he  grew  iiiiich  in  favor  with  all  the  sachems ;  ('specially  Canmirus, 
wlios(!  "heart  (lii^  says)  was  stirred  up  to  loves  nu>  as  his  son  to  his  last  is;\<\," 
lie  sold  the  Island  of  llhodt!  Island  to  ff'illiam  Codih'n<rton,  fio<rcr  If'illiniM. 
and  others.  A  son  of  Canonicus,  named  Mriksati,  is  named  hy  If'illiitmvM 
inheriting  his  liitlier's  spirit.  This  son  is  also  called  .Mcikii,  who,  atin-  1,|. 
father's  death,  was  chief  sachem  of  the  Narragansets,  and  was  said  in  Inn,. 
hvvu  his  eldest  son.  iMany  particulai's  of  him  will  he  t'oiind  i:  our  pro^rns! 
oiuvarti. 

At  the  time  of  the  Poiiiiot  war,  much  pains  was  taker,  to  secure  the  friinil. 
ship  of  Canonicus  mon?  firmly.  Mr.  fVilliams  wrote  to  (jfovernor  IVint'm 
concerning  hiui  as  follows:  "Sir,  if  any  thing  he  sent  to  the  jtrinces,  1  tiiiii 
Canouni  us  would  gladly  accej>t  of  a  box  of  eight  or  ten  pounds  of  sugar,  mil 
indeed  he  told  me  he  would  thank  Mr.  Governor  for  a  box  full."  In  aiieiliir 
letter  which  Mr.  Williams  sent  to  the  same  by  Mianlunnomoh  himself,  he  sny-, 
"I  am  hold  to  re(|uest  a  word  of  advict;  of  you  concerning  a  proposition  iimji 
by  CaunounicMS  and  Mianlnnnomu  to  uk;  some  half  yea:  since.  Cannminm 
gave  an  island  in  this  bay  to  Mr.  Oilham,  by  name  Cliiharhuwcsi,,  ii|iiiii 
condition,  as  it  should  seem,  that  he  would  dwell  there  near  unto  them."  Tlr 
death  of  Mr.  Oilham,  it  appears,  prevented  bis  acce|)ting  it,  and  they  elUni 
it  to  Mr.  Williams  upon  the  same  conditions;  but  be  tiixt  desinul  to  kiidw 
whether,  in  so  doing,  it  would  \w.  jjcrfectly  agreealtle  to  iMassacbiis 'tts,  iunl 
that  he  had  no  idea  of  accepting,  without  paying  the  chiefs  for  it;  said  Irtull 
tbi'in  "onc(!  and  again,  that  fi»r  the  |)resent  he  mind  not  to  remove ;  hiitit'in' 
had  it,  would  give  them  satisfaction  for  it,  and  build  a  little  bouse  and  put  in 
son  .'  swine,  as  understanding  the  place  to  have  store  of  fish  and  good  tei'lin; 
for  swine."  VVhen  .Mianlunnomoh  IkvunI  that  soiik^  of  the  Massachiis  'tts  iiifii 
thought  of  ((cciipying  some  of  the  islands,  Canonirus,  he  says,  d;  sir.'d  In' 
voiild  accept  of  half  of  it,  'it  being  specta(de-wise,  and  between  a  niilcrr 
two  in  circuit;''  but  iMr.  fVilliams  wrote  to  int()rin  tlieiii  that,  if  be  had  any, 
he  desired  the  whole.  This  was  not  long  befon>  the  Peqiiot  ww,  wliidi 
probably  put  a  stoj)  to  further  n"gotiation  upon  the  siil)ject. 

'I'liere  was  another  (diief  of  tin?  same  name  in  Philip''s  war,  \\liicli  Mr, 
Hnhhar.l  denominates  "the  great  sachem  of  the  Narragansets,"  and  \\ii», 
"di,slriisting  the  proffers  of  the  English,  was  slain  in  the  woods  hy  the 
Mohawks,  bis  sqiiaw  surrendering  herself:  by  this  means  her  lit'  was 
spared."  lie  was  probably  a  younger  son  of  Canonicus,  or  an  iinineiliiite 
des<'endMit. 

In  ll);)'2,  a  war  broke  out  between  the  Narragans'ts  and  the  Peepiots.  on 
account  of  dispufi'd  right  to  the  lands  between  Pancatiick  i{iverand  Wecapaiii' 
Brook.*     It  was  a  tract  of  considerabh;  conse<|iience,  being  about  ten  iiiil'S 

*  •'  Tlio  natives  arc  very  c.sacl  and  piniclual  in  iliu  bouudi  of  llieir  lands,  belonging  lu  iliii 


t  Hy  John  Lathroi 


CANONICUS.— SOKOSO. 


57 


CHAP.  IV.] 

wide  and  fiftwn  "•'  iwciity  long.  Canoninis  drrw  alcui!,'  witli  liim,  lic^siilcs  lii.! 
own 'ini'n,  f^i'Vi'nil  of  the  >I!l.<^^iu•lMlS(■tts  sijiiinion's.  Tliiswa.s  niaintainrd  uitli 
Irrocitv  anil  vari(>ii.-<  siicccss,  niuil  Id;}."),  when  ilic  I'(t|iii)ts  wvn'  (lri\('n  iVum  it, 
lint  wiio  it  ^^<||''<l  seem,  ('(Hisid;  red  tlii'insilvcs  liiit  liltlf  worntcd  :  )i»r  Ciuiuiilfun. 
iloulitiii"  Ills  al)llity  to  hold  possi'ssion  limji',  and  aslianicd  to  have  it  fctakcn  'Voni 
liiiii  niaiic  a  jn't'st-nt  ol'  it,  to  one  of  liis  captain.-i,  who  liad  loiiglit  luinically  in 
(.(ini'iucriiif;  it;  l)nt  he  ncvL-r  held  jiosscssion :  liowdviT,  alter  tliti  I'rijuots  \vrn< 
^iil„|ii,.,|  liv  lilt'  Knf,'lisli,  tli('ri(>  lands  wen-  possessed  l)y  tin-  Xarrajransct.s  attain. 

'['he  iiiiiiir  oC  this  I't'ipidt  captain  was  SoKoso,  sonii'tiincs  cailfd  Soso,  Sofioii, 
^,..  lie  had  killed  one  of  liis  countryini'n  and  tied  to  tlic  i\arraf;ans,ts,  who 
[iroicc'ted  him.  Tliis  tract  of  conntry  was  allcfwanis  in  dispntc  liclwrcn  lln; 
Kimlisli.  Solioso  liavin<^  deeded  it  tosorni;  of  them,  (!•  June,  ]()()(),)an  llniiiish- 
iiKiii  allerwards  ti'stified,  tliat  Sokosc  had  acdiiiowledifed,  that,  aUhoiif^Ii  he  iiad 
|.,M'.  ivcd  money  for  it,  he  never  owimm!  it.  IJnt,  according  to  the  testimony  of 
ll'(iiciiloaiii,x\i('  wifeofJl/iVoi/iuinomo/i,  there  was  doul)tless  .some  iidse  swearinj,' 
iilKMit  it.  It  was  r<'ckoni;d  to  contain  "20,000  acres,  and  tlit;  following  is  atf  .»ted 
coiiciruiiis;  it : — "I,  fyaivalortm,  iU>  alfirni  it  to  l;e  ,Sor/io'.s  or  his  a.ssigns',  and 
fiMllicr,  wiii'iras  my  uncle  A'tHfg/W  sayotii  that  it  is  iiis  land,  1  do  utterly  deny 
it  Ipcl'ore  all  men;  lor  it  was  con(|H(!re(l  hy  my  hiisltand  jU(Vn//o/io/n>/,  iind  my 
uwk'  Cmioniats,  long  heforo  the  Hnglisli  had  any  wars  with  the  l'e(|nuts;  ami 
iiiv  iiM(de  ^Yimij^rad  had  no  hand  in  the  war.  This  land  was  given  and  past 
over  to  the  valiant  (captain  Soclio,  for  service  done  for  lis  befon;  the  English 
liiiil  any  wars  w'th  the  Peqnots."  * 

It  is  said  that,  in  the  war  between  Uncus  and  Miaiilunnomoh,  two  of  the 
sons  of  Cnnonicus  fought  on  the  side  of  Miantannonwh,  and  were  wounded 
wlifii  he  was  taken  prisoner  at  Sachem's  Plain. 

Cnnonkns  has  been  the  subject  of  a  poem  which  was  published  at  .Boston, 
ill  le'03.t    Among  the  tolerable  passages  are  the  following: — 

"  A  miglily  priiirc,  of  veiieral)le  ag'c, 

A  peerless  warrior,  Iml  of  |)cacc  ihc  friend; 
His  hreiisl  a  treasury  of  maxims  sni^e — 
His  arm,  a  host — to  punish  or  clcieiKl." 

Canonicits,  nt  tlie  iige  of  84  years,  is  made  to  announce  his  approaching 
dissolutiou  to  his  people  thus: — 

"  I  (lie. — My  frionils,  you  have  no  cause  to  grieve  : 
To  abler  hands  my  regal  power  I  leave. 
Our  god  commands — to  fertile  realms  I  basic, 
Compared  with  which  your  gardens  are  a  waste. 
There  in  full  bloom  eienial  spring  abides 
And  swarming  fishes  glide  through  azure  tides ; 
Continual  sunshine  gilds  the  riouilless  skies, 
No  mists  conceal    Leesuckciuand  from  our  eyes." 

Aliniit  lfi4Q,  a  son  of  Canonicus  died,  at  which  his  grief  was  vei7  great; 
insoiniich  that,  "having  buried  his  son,  he  burned  his  own  palace,  and  ail  liis 
goods  in  it,  to  a  grefit '  alue,  in  solt'mn  remembrance  if  his  son." 

Like  other  men  ignorant  of  science,  Canonicus  was  superstitious,  and  was 
iriviitly  in  fear  of  the  English,  chiefly,  |)erhaps,  from  ti  belief  in  their  ability  to 
iiiirt  him  by  enchantment,  which  belief,  very  probably,  was  occasioned  by  the 
story  that  Squanfo  circulated,  of  which,  in  a  previous  chapter,  we  havc^  spnkeiu 
Wiicii  Rojrer  Williams  fled  into  his  country,  he  at  first  viewed  him  with  dis- 
tnist,  and  would  oidy  frown  upon  him  ;  at  length  he  accused  him,  as  well  as 
the  otiier  English,  of  sending  the  plague  among  the  Indians  ;  but,  as  we  have 
snid  before,  he  soon  became  reconciled  to  him,  gave  him  lands,  and  even 
lirotccted  him.  Thf  y  became  mutual  helps  to  each  other,  and,  but  for  ani- 
iiiosifies  among  the  English  themselves,  it  may  be  fair  to  conidiido,  friendship 
would  have  continued  with  the  Narragansots  through  several  generations. 


i,  beluiiglii;;  1"  iliii 


or  that  prince  or  people,  even  to  a  river,  brook,  &r.  And  I  have  known  them  make  bargain 
.iiiil  <nl('  amongst  themselves,  for  a  smnll  piece,  or  quantity  of  "round  ;  nolwitlislandiiig  a 
siiil'iil  opinion  amongst  many,  thai  Christians  have  ri^hl  to  iioallien's  lauds."     R.   Willuuns. 

*Sco  Potters  History  of  Narragaiiset,  in  Col.  U.  I.  Hist.  Soc.  iii.  248. 

t  By  John  Lathrop,  A.  31.  in  8vo. 


I 


I 


58 


MIANTUNNOMOII.— THE  PEQUOT   WAR. 


[It.iOKlI 


IMiANTUNNOMon  *  WHS  tlic  SOU  of  11  cliicf  called  ^fasrus,  iirplicw  of  fdiumi. 
CVS,  limtlicr  or  Itrnllicr-in-liiw  to  ^Viiiii^nt,^  niid  hrollicr  nf  Olaxli.  And,  Hnm 
a  iiuimiscript  t  aiiionji  tlii'  papers  oC  tin;  late  Dr.  Tnniihiill,  it  appears  ihnj 
AIoxnuj),  ov  .Mos!/)i,§  and  C(i)ij(i>i(i(ii(0)i(l,\\  wen;  aliso  liis  brothers. 

"Tliis  Mididonimo,"  sHya  Mr.  //i(Wm/v/,  "  was  a  very  .t'ood  persoiiai;v,  [t|,i„ 
ia,  wt^li  made,]  of  tall  stature,  sulitii  ami  ciiiininj.'  in  his  eontriveiiieiits,  us  wul] 
08  liaiij;lity  in  ids  desi<,nis."1l 

As  early  as  ."{  An;:.  H\'Vi,  this  eliief  came  with  his  wife  to  llostoii,  wliiivli,. 
Bfaid  two  niirhts.  Ii<'  was  then  known  liy  the  name  ol"  .Mirumcli.  ^VIlil(•  h, ,,, 
he  went  to  ( imrcli  with  the  Ijijirlish,  and  in  iIk;  mean  while,  some  of  his  nuii, 
twehi'  of  whom  iuid  accompanied  him,  it  seems,  broke  into  "i  house,  jind 
rommitled  a  thefl,  on  5  March.  Complaint  was  made  to  the  J-'nulisli  <:„\. 
erncr,  nho  "told  tlie  sachem  of  it,  and  with  some  ditficnlty  cansi'd  liim  > 
make  one  of  his  sannajts**  beat  them."  The  authors  of  the  mischief  w,,, 
immediately  sent  out  of  town,  l)iit  Midntunnomoh  and  thu  otliers,  the  goveiDcr 
took  to  ins  lionse,  "and  made  nntcli  of  tliem."|f 

Tlie  liii^rlish  seem  always  to  have  bcM-ii  more  flivorably  incfinod  tnwnnls 
other  tribes  than  to  tiie  Narra^^ansets,  as  appears  from  tlie  stand  they  tudk  ii 
tlie  wars  between  them  and  their  enemies.  And  so  Ion;;  as  ,>tlier  tribes  t-w- 
ceeded  a;rainst  them,  tin;  English  were  idle  spectators;  but  wlienevcr  i||,. 
Bcule  turned  in  their  lavor,  they  were  not  slow  to  intercede. 

In  the  Life  of  Cdnoniciis,  the  part  Miautnnunmoh  exercised  in  tlio  ^rovcni. 
mei;t  of  the  great  nation  of  the  Narragansets  is  related. 

Tn  ](i:M,  Captains  Stone  and  JS/orlun  were  killed  by  the  Pequots,  and  in  iil:ii; 
Mr.  John  Oldham,  l)y  tlie  Indians  "near  IJIock  Island."  Miitntunnomoli  did  nl! 
in  iiis  power  to  assist  in  a])prehending  the  murderers,  and  was  at  miwli  iJiiin, 
and  trouble  in  furnishing  the  English  with  liicts  relative  thereto,  from  tiincM 
time.  And  ^vh(  n  it  was  told  ai  IJoston  that  tliere  was  a  cessation  of  liostiliiii< 
between  the  Narragansets  iind  Petiuots,  iMianluunomoh  was  immediately  nr- 
dered  to  appear  tliere,  wliich  he  did  without  delay,  am!  agreed  to  assist  tin  m 
in  a  war  against  the  Pecpiots  ;  without  whoso  aid  and  concurrence,  the  Kiiudi-L 
would  hardly  have  dared  to  engage  in  a  war  against  them  at  that  time. 

Early  in  i(v}7,  (March  2\,)  to  show  the  governor  of  IMassacliusetts  that  lie 
kept  his  promise  of  warring  against  the  Periuots,  Minntunnomoh  sent  liiin.  In 
2()  of  his  men,  a  Peiiiiot's  liand  and  40  fathom  of  wanipom.  Tin?  war  witii 
tlieni  now  commenced,  and  tliougli  of  short  duration,,  destroyed  them  to  sii.li 
a  degree,  tliat  they  appeared  no  more  as  a  nation.  One  hundred  oi'  the  Nar- 
ragansets  joined  themselves  with  the  English  in  its  accomplishment,  and  iv- 
ccive(!  a  pait  of  the  prisoners  as  slaves  for  their  services.|j  When  the  wm 
was  over,  Mianfunnomoh  still  adhered  to  the  English,  and  seized  upon  sm  li 
of  the  Pecpiots  as  had  made  their  escape  from  bondage,  and  returiieil  llifiiiiu 
their  English  iiiastei"s;  gave  u|)  to  them  his  claim  of  IJIock  Island,  and  (iihir 
places  wliere  tin;  English  had  found  Pequots,  and  which  they  coiisideicd  «< 
belonging  to  tin  in  by  riglit  of  coiKiuest. 

About  the  same  time,  or  in  the  course  of  the  year  1(J38,  troubles  had  gmwi; 
to  an  aiarniing  height  between  the  Narragansets  and  3Iohegans,  and,  as  usiiiil, 

*'riiis  ^polling  is  jiccDrdiiii;  to  W'bilhrop:  wo  prefer  l'7///((//i.v'\  mcdiod.  as  nmro  nrrcri, 
which  !■;  Miiintiiniiniiiu  ;  l>iil,  haviii"- employed  thi;  former  in  our  first  edition,  it  i-;  rel.iiiii'd  in 
this.  It  is,  iiowever,  olleiier  written  Miiitntoiiimo  now,  wliirli  only  shows  iuiotlier  proiiiiiiii,T 
tion.  The  arcenl  is  usually  upon  the  penultimate  syllable.  See  Halkndi'rs  Cut.  l)h- 
course,  pa^e  1. 

fMSS.  of  It.  Williams.  |  Now  piihlished  in  the  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  l^oc. 

^Called  also  Ciissiisiiwiich,  or  ^iirqinirirli,  and  I'atinis ;  that  is,  Pfssants.  He  "wni 
killed  hy  the  i\IiK|ui,  [Mohawks.]  in  the  wilderness,  aliout  20  miles  ahove  l'isata(|iin,  in  liii 
travel  eastward,  in  the  time  of  the  Fiidian  wars,  and  other  hidians  with  liini,  and  were  huricJ 
by  order  of  .Major  iValdron."     3  Coll.  Ma.is.  Hist.  Soc. 

II  ■'  llercaiied  this  First  of  luly,  Kio'.),  of  Majr.  Ilnin/ri'ii  Adertnv,  \Adicrton,']  and  llic  rrsi 
of  his  friends,  the  sumo  of  li)  pounds  in  Wainpam  peaj^  w<''  seiicral  other  thiiii^s  a.;  "riiliiiiy 
for  oerlaiiio  lands  "■iucn  y<'  said  .'^laj^  Aderlon\i\\i\  Ins  friends,,  a:;  may  appeare  hy  two  seucrall 
deeds  of  gift.     1  say  rcceaued  by  me. 

CoGI.^.\Q.UA^f    .^^  his  mark." 

[.U.'s'.  Dmiments. 

IT  ffist.  Xeiv  En<r.  4K">.  **  A  name  the  sachems  g-ave  their  atlendaiiis. 

ft  Winthrop's  io\in\a\.  ||  jl/ianiun/icuno/i  received  eighty.    Mather's  Relation,  Si. 


licw  of  Caimi. 

tail.     Ami,  t'ldiii 

it  apiM'ai's  ih;^ 

pcrsoniiju'r,  [tl,at 
kt'uicnts,  as  wdi 

lostoii,  where  li,. 
fli.  AVIiilc  lure 
lino  of  his  iiiiii^ 
to  n  lioiisc,  iiin! 
ic  ICiiuTisli  cTiiv. 
■  caused  liiiii  t,, 
'■  miscliicf  Win 
irs,  tlio  «.ni\('n:,.r 

iiclirird  t(i\\ii|-,|;; 
iiid  liu'v  took  ii. 
.)tlier  trilii's  sue. 
t  wlienovcr  il,,:  ; 

1  in  tlio  jroveni-  I 

r)ts,  and  in  ii;:!(;.  | 

funnomoli  did  ;ili  i 

s  at  iniicli  |i;iiii;i 

'to,  tVoin  liiiii'  ti) 

ion  of  liostiliiiis 

iniincdialcly  (ir- 

1  to  assist  tlniii 

lice,  tlic  Kii;:li>!i 

lat  tinit". 

clinsctts  tli.'it  lie 

oh  sent  iiiiii,  hy 

The  Will-  witii 

d   tlicMii  to  sii.li 

'd  of  tilt'  N;ir- 

inu'iit,  anil  iv- 

Wlicn  the  win 

Tizcd  ii|M)ii  sihli 

unii'd  iliriiito 

and,  and  dihir 

considered  as 

It's  had  srown 
<,  and,  as  uscal, 

ns  more  rorrccl, 
on,  il  i-;  ri'laiin'il  in 
iiiollier  proiiiiiiiii- 
i/di'r's  ('lit'.  Dii- 

ss.  Hist.  S^or, 
snrii.<!.     lie  ■•  wn; 
l'is;Uii(|ii;i,  in  his 
and  were  biiricti 

itoii,]  and  llii'  roji 

liinn's  a<  griilnily 

iri!  Il}'  two  scnerall 

hit  miirk." 
[.)/>'.  DociimenU. 
laiils. 
her's  Relation,  39, 


Chap.  IV] 


MIANTUNXOMOII.— INTUlfJUES  OF  UNCAS. 


i9 


Rnfcr  If'ilHams  cxfirisftl  all  liis  skill  ttj  rcstort'  trantiiiillity.  ^Fany  of  tha 
INimiits  wlio  liatl  t'srapctl  the  swoni  of  liic  uar  of  l(iM7,  wen-  anioni,'  tlit; 
^loliiMrjiiis,  and  sii'ni  to  have  taken  |»art  with  thfin  inj:ainst  Aliaiiliniiioiitoli. 
T|ie\'*iriil  t'l'^j  ""  <I""''N  ''"'f  ''"'  '^I<»h<',i,'ans  iniirht  scrfcn  tlicin  fmni  llits 
I'lii'lisli,  who  wiTf  still  st'i/.in.<f  on  all  of  that  nation  a^rainst  whom  they  coiiltl 
,)',i,i",ii,v  cans,  of  sus|)ifion  c*'  having  Ihm'Ii  cngagt'd  in  niiirdcring  the  Knglish, 
i,r  ill  arms  against  thcni. 

.Mldiitunnumoh,  it  is  |)roi)al>lt',  hati  bniMi  ortlercd  heforc  the  inagistratos  of 
('(iiiiieetieii't '"  r'^*'  sonR>  account  of  the  l*t'i|not  refugees  in  the  lianils  of  the 
Aldiieii-aiis,  as  well  as  of  those  in  his  nation;  which  may  have  lieeii  a  main 
(••iiisc'iif  the  war  they  hail  now  waged  against  him.  Tor,  when  he  set  out  (itr 
llarltiii'd,  h<'  had  a  guard  of  "upwards  of  150  men,  and  many  sachems,  aiitl 
liis  witi' a:iil  cliild'"'n."  IMr.  /ri7/i'«»!,?  was  with  him,  and  strt)iigly  iirgetl  him 
iKit  te  venture  upon  the  jom-ney,  even  with  this  force,  because  of  the  hostility 
of  the  Mtihegans;  but  the  sachem  w;)ulil  not  be  dissuailetl,  allliongh  he  had 
iiodiiiilit  that  the  Mohegans  and  their  l*e(|inits  were  in  great  force  not  tjir  oil". 
\ii(h\iiiie  tlit^  were  ou  their  inarch,  "about  (it!0"  of  them  fll  upon  the 
Wiiiiiiasiiowatiickoogs,  a  trilte  uiiiler  Caiwmru.i,  where  they  commitn'tl  exten- 
f.iv('  nilil>eri('S,  and  destroyed  "r.bout  'i'J  fields  of  corn." 

.Ndtwitlistaiuling  this  great  iMohegan  army  hail  |)repareil  an  ambush  to 
inteici  pt  and  cut  otV  MidHtunnomnli,  and  gave  out  a  threat  tlittl  tliri/  would  boil 
km  ill  "  lidllci  .V<'t  he  went  to,  and  returned  sail-  from,  ('oniiecticnt.* 

On  this  occasion  he  iliscovers  great  bra\ery,  if  it  border  not  tofi  closely 
11111111  temerity  ;  for,  when  /ri7/i«m.s' urged  him  to  retreat,  they  had  perforiiiecl 
liiilf  tiieir  journey,  or  about  50  miles;  and  .]/(V(H/i(/i.'io«io/i',s' answer  was,  alter 
Imldiim' a  council  with  his  chiefs,  "that  no  man  should  turn  back,  resolving 
rallier  all  to  die." 

Till'  Abihegan  sachem,  Unras,  was  at  the  same  timt;  ordered  to  ap[)ear  at 
Ilai'lliiril,  to  give  an  account  of  tlii'  Peipiot  warriors,  or  murderers,  as  tli(3 
|',iii;lisii  called  them,  in  his  keeping,  as  well  as  to  elfect  a  reconciliation  of 
(lillireiices  hetwcen  him  and  vMiantunnomoli ;  but,  insteail  of  a|)pearing,  lie 
sent  a  messenger,  with  word  that  lie  was  lame  and  could  not  come.  The 
iriiviiiior  of  Connecticut,  .Mr.  Ifiiiines,  at  once  saw  through  the  artifice,  anil 
iilisirved  that  it  was  a /«/hc  excuse,  aiul  immediately  sent  for  him  to  como 
willioiit  delay. 

Wlietiit  r  cured  of  his  lameness  or  not  before  coming,  we  are  not  informed  ; 
lint,  ill  a  few  days  afb'r,  the  subtle  sachem  appeared,  not  daring  to  fin-fi'it  the 
tVii'ii(l>iiip  of  the  Knglish,  which,  it  seems,  he  i)ri'ferri'il  to  hiirnig  longer  his 
I'liilty  tiice  from  the  |)resence  of  the  iiiagnanimons  Jlidnliiiinomoh. 

Niiw  hefure  the  English,  Unras  was  charged  with  the  di'|iredations,  some 
of  which  were  too  well  attested  to  admit  of  a  denial,  and  othei-s  were  dis- 
owned in  part.  The  imiuiry  seems  to  have  ended  after  the  jKirties  were  tired 
of  it,  without  any  advantage  to  the  injured  Narragansets,  ami  we  bear  of  no 
measures  taken  for  their  relief. 

Till  next  thing  in  order  was  a  call  upon  Unras  for  an  account  of  the 
PeqiKits  which  he  was  sheltering,  which  resiiltetl  only  in  a  new  series  of 
ialsi'liddds  from  him.  When  he  was  rerpiested  to  give  their  names,  he  said  he 
tiicic  none  of  them,  and  that  there  w^ere  but  20  in  his  tlominions.  AVhi'reii|)oii 
witnesses  were  called,  whose  testimonies  proved,  in  his  presence,  that  his 
statement  was  false.  "Then  he  acknowledged  that  he  had  MO."  At  length 
Mr.  Uin/nes  nismisseil  him,  with  orders  to  bring  in  their  names  in  10  days,  or 
lie  Wduld  take  those  Indians  by  force  out  of  his  country.  IJiit,  when  .\lian- 
lunmimdh  was  called  upon  for  the  names  of  those  with  him,  nothing  was 
withheld. 

At  this  time,  at  the  request  of  the  FjUgVisb,  Miantunnomoh  consented  to  lay 
nsiile  all  animosities,  and  take  Unras  by  the  hand.  When  he  had  done  this, 
lie  iii'geil  Unras  to  dine  with  him ;  but  the  guilty  sachem  would  not,  though 
luessed  by  the  English  for  some  time  to  do  so;  and  thus  all  efforts  to  bring 
iihdiit  a  peace  vanished,  f 


if  *•  J  '  J 


w 


*Coll.  R.  I.  Hist.  Soe.  iii.  115. 


t  Ibid.  iii.  146,  147. 


k.»'-V  5*\f  Tf-f* 


60 


MIANTUNNOMOII  SELLS   AQUIDMCK. 


[Hook  II 


Rov.  Sitmurl  Gorton  mid  liis  nssocintcs  juircliiiHcd  Slmornrt,  aflcrwards 
ciil'rd  Warwick,  from  the  I'^iirl  <>!'  Wiirwirk,  of  .MiriiihiiiiKinioli ;  l>i(i,  [|< 
Gorton  could  do  iiodnii;^  riiflit  in  llir  eyes  ot"  tin'  I'mitaiis  of  .MjissiicIhis, Hj, 
Pitinhnm  was  iiislii^'afcd  to  claim  said  tract  of  coiiMtry ;  and,  alilioi|if||  ;j 
sacli'Mi'  under  Minutunnomoh,^  did  not  In  .-•ilatc,  wii'n  sii|i|iortcd  liy  the  I'.nj. 
lisli,  tt)  assert  his  claim  as  chief  sachem.  And  the  fjrovernment  ot"  \lassiic||i|. 
setts,  to  \x\\v  to  their  interli'reiice  t!ie  a|)|)earance  of  disinterestedness,  wiiicl, ,; 
woidd  seem,  f"f)m  tiieir  own  vindication,  they  thonirht  there  was  a  chance  ;^ 
doiilii,  'rS.'nd  for  tiie  fiiresaid  sachems,  [who  iiad  compL-fuK d  of  .^Ir.  ihic\„f, 
and  odirrs,  tiiron<:li  the  instillation  of  the  l']n!.dish,]  and  n|>(iii  e.xaniiiKiij, |, 
find,  lioth  liy  llnjriish  and  Indian  testimony,  that  Miitntonomo  was  oiiiv  ;, 
iisin-|)er,  and  liad  no  title  to  th(!  foresaid  lands."  f  This  is  af,'ainst  the  |("m|. 
inony  of  every  record,  and  conid  no  n\\\Yo  iitivo  Iteen  helieved //irw,  than  iIim 
Philip  was  not  sachcMii  oi'  I'okaiioket.  In  all  cases  of  |iurchase,  in  iIhk, 
times,  the  chief  sachem's  <.'rant  was  va'ld,  atid  maintained,  in  almosi  cv  a 
instance,  hy  tin"  purchaser  or  jirantee.  it  was  customary,  <;('nerally,  to  niiikr 
the  inferior  saciiems,  and  sometimes  all  their  men,  presents,  hut  it  was  hy  m, 
ira'ans  ii  law.  The  chief  sachems  ofh'U  permitted  those  under  theiii  ii, 
dis|)ose  of  lands  also,  without  iieiuif  called  to  accoinit.  This  was  prccisili 
the  situation  of  ihinjrs  in  the  Warwick  controversy,  of  which  vvc;  shall  Inn', 
occasion  a<fain  to  speak,  when  we  come  to  the  lil'e  of  Pumhnm. 

In  Alai'ch,  KiMH,  .Miitnhntvomoli,  with  tiiiu'  other  sacln-ms,  sold  to  ffilliim 
CorA//?/,ir/o»  and  otiiers,  the  island  now  called  lihnde  Island,  also  mostiil'ili, 
others  in  Narras^anset  hay,  "i()r  the  full  |)ayment  ot"  10  fathom  of  white  pcii!!. 
to  l)(,' equally  divich'd"  hetween  them.  Hence  .1/u/h/i/;iho*;)o/(  received  ciiiln 
fathom.  He  was  to  "have  ten  coats  and  twenty  hoes  to  jrive  to  the  present  in- 
hahitjiuts,  that  they  shall  remove  themselves  from  the  island  hef(.;e  next  wintir." 
The  deed  of  this  pmvdiase,  a  copy  of  which  is  in  my  possession,  is  dain! 
24th  iMarch,  and  runs  thus:  ^''W'c,  Cftiioiiirds  and  .l/i'««/i'HOHiiV,  the  two  rhid 
sachems  of  Narajjansets,  hy  virtue  of  our  <,'en(>ral  command  of  this  l»!iy,;.. 
also  the  j)articular  suhjeclini^  of  the  dead  sachems  of  Aquednick,  Kiliicki. 
inucknut,  themselves  and  lands  unto  us,  have  sold  unto  I\lr.  Coddini^h>ii  wx. 
his  friends  *  *  the  fireat  Island  of  Acjuldu'ck,  lyiuf?  from  hence  [I'roviiidici 
eastward  *  *  also  tlie  marshes,  ijrass  upon  Uuimonigat  and  the  rest  ol'  tin 
islands  in  the  hay,  exceptiuir  Chal)atewec<',  formerly  sold  unto  Mr.  Winlhruf. 
the  now  (Jov.  of  Mass.  and  31r.  Willinms  of  Providence,  also  th<'  ;:imv 
upon  the  rivers  and  coves  about  Kitackannickqut,  and  from  thence  to  hm 
pusquat." 

"  The  mark  of  ^    Cononicus. 

The  mark  of  ^j   Yot.nksii,  [Otasii, 
brother  of  IMiantl'n.nomiui, 

The  mark  of   ^    Meantinojmk. 

The  mark  of  , — ■>  Asotam.net. 

The  mark  of  vx^^  Mfihammoh, 

Canonicus  his  m. 
"Thi.s  witnnssnth  that  I,  Wnnamatanamet,  the  present  saclKMn  of  the  isliiml, 
have  received  five  fathom  of  wanq)um  and  cons(;nt  to  the  contents. 

The  mark  of  4>    Wanamatanamet, 
"Memorandum.    I,  O.tcmequon,  freely  (consent"  that  they  may  "make  use 
of  any  jjrass  or  trees  on  the  main  land  on  Pocasicke  side,"  having  recuiuvd 
five  fathom  of  wampum  also. 

The  mark  of  ^    Osamkquen 


take  ef"  his  hei 


iKx-css  any  part 


As  latt!  as  21  Se))t.  1()38,  the  hand  of  Miantunnomoh  is  set  to  an  instruniPiii, 
with  that  of  Unca.i.  Said  instrument  was  u  treaty  of  |)eace,  a  bond  tiir  llie 
settling  of  diHicullies  between    these    two  sachems  and  their  men,  and  aii 


r! 


*  "  TIk!  liiw  of  lliL'   liidiiiiis  ill  idl  Amcrii'a  is,  lliiit  die  iiifi~rior  sachems  and  suhjorls  diall 
ant  and  remove  at  llie  pleasure  of  llie  lii^liest  and  snnreino  sarhems."     Roger  Williams, 

riiis  is  auUiority,  and  we  need  no  oilier  roninienlaryon  liie  arbitrary  proceedings  of  llie  cuuii 

of  Massarliiisetts. 

t  In  manuscript  on  file,  at  the  stale-house,  Boston. 


[Rook  II 

Iff,  afterwards 
tomali ;   lid,  n, 

.M!l.<Silcllll>i(|ls, 
1(1,     illlll(ll|ir||   ^^ 

I'd  l)y  the  Kii!;. 

t  Ot'    MllSSIll'llli. 

(Iiii'ss,  which  ii 
ivns  a  cliaiici!,. 
I  of  iMr.  (('ijj'/,,, 
1)11  ('.\aiiilii;iiii|, 
710  was  niily  ;, 
fiaiiist  the  ti'sij. 

I  then,  lliiiii  i!i,v 
•cliaHc,  ill  iliiN 

II  almost  cvirj  | 
icrally,  to  inakp  I 
lilt  it  was  li\  III,  ; 
under  tlicin  i,  ' 
is  was  jtreci>r|\  , 
I  wo  sliall  liin.  ; 

I 
sold  to  ti"illiiu' 
ilso  most  (iI'iIk 
I  of  wliito  pcjij, 
h  received  cii;!!! 
)  the  pri'si'iit  ill- 
(lie  next  winter." 
session,  is  (lain! 
iV,  tiie  two  cliid 

of  tiiis  15i\y,;> 
•dnici<,  Kilaclvn- 
Coildins^loii  aini 
re  [I'rovidciici' 

tiie  rest  of  ihi 


Chap. 


IV.]  MIANTUNNOMOII.— TFIHATY  WITH   UNOAS. 


(!! 


I  iMr.  If'inlhriij. 

al^()    tll(;    Ulil." 

tliencc  to  I'aii- 


"lONICUS. 

r.NKHii,  [Otash, 

lANTl-NMIMIIH.' 
INTINOMIK. 
ITA1M.NET. 
IHAiM.MOH, 

<()Nicus  his  son. 
in  of  till'  i.-flaiiii, 
[•nts. 

LNAMATANAMF.T, 

lay  "  make  \i!>c 
laving  recuiiuil 

AMEQUEN 


I  !•,,,, i„„  fV,,|ii  Itdtli  to  appeal  to  tlie    Kn!,'lisli  when  any  ditVieiilly  slioiild  ariso 
t  .|\\v(ii  llieni.     'i'lii'*    treaty   was  done  at   llarlloni,  liie  siihslance  of  which 

l^t  I'cace  and  friendship  is  estahlished  hetweeii  .MItDiliiiinotiwIi  on  the  part 
t'  till'  .Nairajraiisets,  and  I'oiiulm,  as  Unrim  was  tiieii  .sometimes  called,  on  the 
•lit  of  the  .Mohe;rans.  .\nd  all  fitrmer  injuries  and  wron;.'s  to  lie  tiirj^'iveii, 
liiid  never  to  hi'  renewed. 

'M.  I'.Mi'h  of  the  sachems  a<,'ree,  "that  il"  lliere  lall  out  iii|uries  from  either 
side  llicv  ^vill  not  reveii^re  them,  lini  thai  lliey  will  appeal  to  the  llnvrlish, 
wliiise  decision  shall  stand;  and  if  either  party  rtsfiisiMo  siihiiiil,  "  it  shall  ho 
linvliil  liir  the  lln^dish  to  comi»el  him." 

;til.  'I'Ih'  sachems  further  covenant  with  the  I'iiifrlish,  that  they  nor  none  of 
.>,j,.  I„.,,p|e  shall  liarhor  any  Indians  who  shall  he  enemies  to  them,  or  shall 
liJiNc  miinlcred  any  wliit(!  people.  'They  fiirtlier  ajiree  that  they  will,  "as 
<(i(p|i  as  thev  can,  either  hriiif^  the  chief  sachem  of  our  late  enemies  tho 
PciKiiiols,  that  had  tho  chief  hand  in  killiii;,'  the  I'.n^'lish,  to  the  sd  ilu-ilish,  or 
like  (if "  his  head.  As  to  tlio  "murders  that  are  now  afireed  upon  amoufjst 
iiH  that  an;  liviiifr,  they  shall,  us  soon  as  they  ctiii  possihly,  take  otf  their 
I      I . " 

ll"'''"'^"  .        .  ...  .  ^T 

Itli.  And  whereas  it  is  afrreed  that  there  mv  now  anion;;  the  i\arrajrans(!ts 
•111(1  .Mohcf-'iiis, '2(10  l'e(|uol  men,  hesides  s(piaws  and  pajiooses;  this  article  is 
til  iii-dvide,  that  the  Narr.i;^ansets  have  enoii^di  of  them  to  make  up  Si),  with 
ilic  II  thev  have  already,  "and  Po(juiin(:  his  iiiimh.-r,  and  that  aMer  they,  tho 
l'(ii(|ii(il''(  ••^hall  he  divided  as  ahove,  shall  no  inoro    he  (•ailed  IVsaipiots,  hut 


.shall  he  divided  as  ahove, 
Xamciinsets  and  .MohcjU^ans."  They  ap-eu  to  |»ay  fir  every  sanop  i/ne  falhoiu 
,il'  \v;iiii|»oiii,  and  for  every  youth  half  as  iniich — "and  for  every  sanop 
paiiiiiisc  one  hand  to  he  paid  at  killiii^'-tiiiK^  of  corn  at  ('onnecticiit  vearly, 

:,„,|  shall  not  sulllM-th '••  '  • '■-■   =■  '' •■■ i.'-'--^- 

hilt 

IK 


an  instnimpiii, 
lioiid  l(>r  llio 
men,  and  aii 


nnd  siihjocls  shall 

Holder  WiUkms. 

cdiiigs  of  llic  couii 


1  MMi.-^r    win.     ill.....     ...    .-XV     I »    ....      ...^ - .^. ^. J, 

1(1  shall  not  sillier  them  for  to  live;  in  tho  country  that  was  firnierly  theirs, 
It  is  now  the  l''ii^'lisli's.  Niiithor  shall  tho  Narra^ansets  or  Mohegans 
)<st'ss  any  part  of  tho  IViiuot  country  without  loauo  of  them." 


.Iiin.v  IIai.nes, 
|{(i(i'R  Lunr.ov  , 
I'Idw'ri)  lIoi'Kixs. 


MlA.NTI.\0!>niV,      •) 

PoiiiiiA.M,  alias  Unkas.  -J-" 


The  wifi'  of  Miantunnomoh,  named  Wawaf.oam,  was  alivo  as  lato  as  IGdl^ 
as  a|i|>i'ais  liy  an  information  which  sin;  gave,  dated  y."»  .1  line,  concerning  tho 
riiflit  of  Si)k(ist}  to  sell  tla;  lands  adjacent  to  Wecapaiig. 

On  u  time  jirevions  to  l()4:},  /io^tr  /r/Z/m'/is  delivered  a  (Ii.scoin'S('  to  some 
[iKJians  at  tla.'ir  residence,  as  he  was  pa.s.sing  through  their  country.  Minn- 
tiimiomoh  was  present,  and  stu'iiied  inclined  to  helievi;  in  Christianity.  Mr. 
ll'ilHumji,  heiiig  much  tJitigiied,  retired  to  rest,  whilo  Mutnlunnoitiok  and  others 
iviiiaiiied  to  converse  upon  what  they  had  heard.  Oiu;  said  to  the  chief, 
"Our  tiithers  have  told  us  that  oiir  souls  go  to  the  south-west ;"  Mldiiliuino- 
mnh  rejoined,  "How  do  you  know  your  souls  go  to  the  south-west-'  did  you 
cviT  s:'e  a  soul  go  that  way?"  (Still  he  was  rather  incliiKMl  to  hiilieve,  as  Mr. 
iniHams  had  just  said,  that  they  went  up  to  heaven  or  down  to  hell.)  Tho 
.illicr  added,  "When  did  he  (iiKjaning  IVilliams)  over  siio  u  soul  go  up  to 
licaveii  or  down  to  la^ll  ?" 

We  have  given  the  ahove  anecdote,  which  is  thought  a  good  illiistration 
i)t'  the  mind  of  man  under  the  inHuenco  of  a  super-stitioiis  or  prejiidicod 
nhication. 

When  it  was  reported,  in  i(!40,  that  Minnlunnomoh  was  |)lotting  to  cut  off 
ilic  I'liglish,  as  Avill  he  found  mentioned  in  the  account  of  ^Yinlsjcirf,  and 
"I'vcral  Kiiglish  were  ss'iit  to  him  in  .Inly,  to  know  the  truth  of  the  matter,  ho 
would  not  talk  with  them  through  a  I'eipiot  int.'rpreter,  hecausi!  he  was  then 
at  war  with  that  nation.  In  other  respocts  ho  complied  with  their  wishes, 
aiiil  treat;'(l  them  resjxM'tfully,  agriieing  to  coiik;  to  Hoston,  f()r  lli(>  gratilicatiou 
of  the  government,  if  tliey  would  allow  .Mr.  fV'dllnmr,  to  accompany  him. 
This  they  would  not  consent  to,  and  yet  he  came,  agreeahly  to  their  desires. 
We  shall  pi  -ently  soo  who  acted  he.st  the  part  of  civili/od  meu  in  tJiis  ulKiir 
G 


WM 


Bm' 


^ 


62 


MIANTUNNOMOII  ACCUSnO  OF  A  CONSPIR/rV. 


[f-'IOK  1] 


'lil'l 


lf(>  hail  n'fiisnl  to  nsf  a  Prijiiot  ititrrpri'trr  fur  ;,'(i()il  rcasoriH,  Init  wlicii  \\f  «,, 
nt  Ittotiiii,  and  siinnniiiltMl  Ity  aniifil  iiini,  la-  was  iilili;ri'i|  to  siiliinit.  ^'\\^ 
uiivci'iHir  lirliif.'  as  rcsoliitr  a.H  he,  n  I'lisi'd  to  iisp  any  oilier  iiitri-|»r(trr,  tliiiikiii,. 
It  a  ilislioiior  to  OS  to  ^'ivc  so  niui-li  way  to  tliroi!"  Tlii*  ;L'rrat  wisiluni  ii|'|{„ 
jjoMTniiH'iit  now  ilis|ilay<'il  iisrJC  in  tlir  |ii'ison  of  (iom  rnor  Tliimnt.i  ftnlln 
It  is  not  In  1)1'  t'\|if'ct('il  lint  that  .Miiiiihiniiiniioh  shonlil  resent  their  proreedinnj, 
Cor  to  the  aiiove  insult  tlii'y  ailiieil  othei-s;  "wonlil  show  hini  no  I'Diiiitciiiiin', 
nor  admit  him  to  dine  at  lair  tahle,  as  t'ormerly  he  had  done,  till  In 
ncktiowiedu'ed  his  failini.',  \'c.,  whieli  he  readily  did."  *  Ky  their  own  lii||v 
the  l''n'.r|is|i  had  made  themselves  jealous  of  a  |iowerliii  eliiel',  and  liny  ii|i|Mgj 
«nei'  i\  ady  aliersvards  to  i-redit  evil  ri'ports  of  him. 

That  an  independent  chief  slioidd  he  njiliiri'd  to  eonlia'in  to  triiiisitnrr 
notions  ii|ion  sneh  an  occasion,  is  ahsolntely  ridieulons  ;  and  the  jnstiipssiii' 
till!  fullowiiif^  remark  from  him  was  enoujudi  to  have  shamed  paid  nii  n  into 
their  hciisch.  I |e  saiil,  "  H  hin  i/niir  poph.  romr  fo  inr,  tliri/  arc  ptrmilti if  in  ^ 
their  nicii  /'itsliioiis,  mil  I  i.rjnrl  tlir  .vtnir  Hhvrli/  when  I  rmnc  Id  i/nii.''^ 

In  l(il"i,  Connecticut  hecana'  \»'ry  suspicions  of  .l//'nj/a;(;io;;io/i,  and  w,j,^ 
.Massacliusetts  to  join  them  in  a  war  a<.niinst  him.  Their  li'.irs  no  douht  mvii 
iMit  of' the  consideration  of  the  prolialile  issue  of  a  war  with  I'nras  in  ||ij 
fiivor,  W'hicii  was  now  (»ii  the  point  of  iireakiiij.'  (»iit.  Kveii  iMassachuscitsiliij 
not  think  their  suspicions  well  liHindi'd  ;  yet,  according.' to  tiair  i'e<iuest,  iji  v 
sent  to  .Mlinihninoinoh,  who,  as  usual,  i;-a\  c  them  satisliictoiT  answers,  ;ii,,j, 
njjreeahly  to  their  reipiest,  eami'  airain  to  Uoston.  Two  days  were  enipl'Hr,| 
hy  the  court  of  Massachusetts  in  delilirralinij:  with  him,  aial  we  ai-e  iistiiu. 
ished  at  the  wisdom  of  the  ;/reat  chiel",  evi'ii  as  reporteil  hy  his  enemies. 

That  a  simple  man  of  nature,  who  la-ver  knew  courts  or  law,  should  ciiii- 
such  aekno\vled;.nni'nts  as  litiiow,  ti'om  the  rivilitid  and  wise,  will  aKva\« 
contemplated  with    intense   admiration.      "When    he  came,"  says   h'iiilln-, 
"the  court  was  assemhied,  and  hefore  his  admission,  we  considere;!   Iii\i 
treat  with  him,  tor  we  knew  him  to  Ikmi  very  suhtle  man."     When  l;c«, 
admitted,  "he  was  set  down  at  tiie  lower  end  ol' the  tahl  ■,  over  airainst  li. 
governor,"  l»ut  would  not  at  any  timt  speak  ii|)()ii  husiiass,  iniless  some  at'li;. 
oouiisellors  were  present;  sayin^r,  "he  would  have  them  present,  that  ili> 
iniulit  hear  witness  with  him,  at  his  return  home,  of  all  his  sayiiiLr>;."    T 
same  autlior  further  says,  "  In  all  his  answers  he   was  very  deliiierati',  ;ii, 
slioweil    "food    imderstaudinii   in   tla;    i»riiicipl.'s   ot*  justice   and   eijuity,  m:. 
iii'renuity  withal." 

lie  now  asked  titr  his  accusers,  iir^riiiir,  that  if  they  could  not  estalilisli  tli  :■ 
alienations,  tia-y  ouji'lM  to  sutf'i  what  he  expected  to,  if  they  did;  lint  i'. 
court  said  fhn/  knvu-  of  nnne ;  that  is,  they  kiiexv  not  whom  tiny  wfr  ,  ,ii, 
therefore  jr.!'.;'  iio  credit  to  the  re|)orts  until  tlu'y  had  advisid  him  aicnrln,. 
to  a  former  ajri-eemeut.  lie  then  said,  "If  you  did  not  jj-ive  credit  to  it,  win 
then  did  yon  disarm  the  Inilians?"  Massachusetts  ha*  ini,'  just  then  disiniin; 
some  of  the  Merrimacks  under  somo  preteiic(>,  '"lit;  }iav(;  divers  reasmi*," 
says  (fi)veriior  /ri'a//iro/;, f  "  why  we  should  hold  him  free  cd' any  sucji  cnii. 
spiiacy,  and  why  we  slauild  conceive  it  was  a  repoit  raised  hy  Cnrim,  \- 
find  tJKMvior  •  oll'eri'd  to  meet  Unrni,  and  would  |»rove  to  his  tiu'e  his  ireai'i  it 
aL'aiust  the  I'lmijisli,  (S:c.,  and  told  us  he  would  come  to  ns  at  any  time," ;ii- 
thou!.'li  he  said  some  had  tried  to  dissuade  him,  saying  that  the  lOufrlisli  uoiiH 
jMit  him  to  death,  yet  he  feared  iiothinjr,  as  la;  was  iiuioc(!iit  of  the  cliarL'- 
a-tainst  liim.|: 

The  punislmient  due  to  those  who  had  raised  th<' accusations,  hore  In  avili 
uptn  his  hreast,  and  "he  put  it  to  om-  consideration  what  damage  it  hail  Un. 
to  him,  in  that  he  was  forced  to  keep  his  na-n  at  home,  and  not  suffer  tlii'iiitij 
go  forth  on   huntiiifr,  &:c.,  till  he  had  given  the    l'',nglisli  satisfjiction."    At';'; 
two  days  spent  in  talk,  the  council  issued  to  the  satisfiiciiou  of  the  I'.nglisl 


^         ':> 


During  tin 


••■     ■ T .  .-  -^ . 

oiincil,  a  table  was  sot  hy  itself  for  tho  Indians,  which  . l/iaii- 


*}Vintltrop's  Journal.  \  See  hook  iii.  cliap.  vii. 

jllero,  llio   readier  amy  "illi  propriety  exclaim,  was  anollier  Michael  Scmiiis : — '• /'■ 
q:i(>'j,    if/i'.f.vr-(i;7»c«n-,   /'e  deimnide   que   man  faiilx  arciisahutr  soil   pun!  pioiia  lalioiiis/'<iSif. 
lloscoc's  Leo  X.  iv.  157. 


'•Y. 


[I'.ooK  II 


lilt  Wlicil  |„.  „,j,  I 
t  Mllltlllil.      "'I'll,, 

riMvtiT,  iliiiikiin,] 

It   Vvisiluiil  dl'  III, 

Tliomn.i  />ir,'/„| 

irir  pr ciliniij.  l 

no  roiiriiciiiiiiiv 

IIIIC,       till       hi'      ||;„j 

tlicir  own  liijlv, 
aiitl  they  ii|i|i.u| 


I'lll    t'l   tlMiisilun  , 

l\    ill'-   jllStlH'S^,,.   I 

I   H*>'n\   nil  II  j.|.    . 
[■  /iinnillidtd  . 

iiintili,  mill  ur- 
s  no  tloiilii  M|, 
itii  I'nciis  ill 
iliissarliiiM  Its 
rir  rt'i|iii>i,  I 
ry  fiiisurrs,  ,ii 
<  Wert"  <'lii|)ln\ 
III  wt!  lire  ii.<iiii|. 
lis  ciiciiiii's. 
llW,  siionlil  la;. 
C,  will    lll\\il\«    , 

,"  siiys  If'iiillir, 
)|lsii|r?T:l  linwi 
'     Wiicn  III'  u,, 

over  iii;;iiiist  i 
nicss  soiiii'  ol'i 

ivsi'iii,  tlmt  ili< 
■<  s!iyiii,L's."  T' 
\'  ilrlilnTiiti',  ;ii 
111    ciiuity,  III;;  I 

)t  cstfiitlisli  tliiq 
■y  iliil ;  lint  t!i'| 

tliry  WiTi',  ,'ll|(i 

liiiii  ;ii-i'iinliii:j 
•red it  to  if,  wlivl 
st  tlii'ii  (lis!iriii"<| 
lis  ITS  rciisoiiV 

Miiy  siicii  i'iiii-| 

hy  ('iniiif,  \ 

•('  liis  iri'.'ii''  i; 

it  any  tiiiir,"iii' 

l'',ii<rlisli  \\m\\l\ 

of  tilt'    clllll'i 


»■, 


P-  <■. 


m 


m. 


%:■: 


■)iis,  Dorc  iiNiviivi 

iM^'i'   it   llc'lll  lli'l 

i)t  siifU'r  tin'iii!' 
■itai'tioii."     AtKl 
the  I'Jiirlisli.     f 
lis,  wliii'li  .Willi' 


*^v, 


xt'iia  Uilioiiis,  "'-i; 


■;«)•■' 


mm 


ts,!?: 


iL 


A> 


! 


ay;*'!." 


] 


'U  i'\ 


Chap.  I^'] 

tuimnmoh  nppo!\ 
been  sriit  liiiii  fi 

ConiicctK-iit,  Mil 
(liiiitly  (IfiMJiii'lf 
liiiii  wliii  iloi' 
O.iiiii'i'iii'i"  iiol 
1),.  to  MS  all,  th 
iiiiik"  war  Hix'ii 
W  had  r<irmrrl\ 
last  iii!'ssii«ri'  to 
III"  Imd  aiiswcn- 
tiii'V  Inrliarc  to 
pli'iiM'ii  with  iir 
(Icciilr  airaiiist  w 
cut]  mia-lit  arist 
hctUTI'll    ill''    ^' 
ot'  till'  ival  rai 
Wdiilil,  I'rom   |)o 
was  constaiitl"  ] 
union  witli  some 

'I'lirrc  can  hi'  i 
arts,  to  inlhifiic 
jiroirn 'ss  of  th(>  \ 
as  tiic  Indians  1 
^r;di-  (if  victory, 
fdi'a  nioiiii'iit,  ro 
ujicnitions  of  thi 

MiitiitunnD^noh 
gnrhcni,  wlio  li 
rcti-ciit.  He  n\\ 
GiirJnur,  •'  lie  tc 
liad  hi'CM  discov 
liad  d.stroycd  V 
"and  Indians  lie 
would  easily  (lest 

Mr.  Gardener 
W(mni{rtiin'\i  cm 
was  t  her  I',  as  ffo 
Tlii'rc  wi'.'c  otiioi 
as  follows: — • 

"  You  mitst  frii 
none  of  their  clul 
pveii  them.  Tin 
should  lien  I  him  1 
nor  thank  i/ou." 
tlicy  d,d  tlio  I'ci 
them  w'lmpum  ai 
and  hilled  them  hi 
thmfore  'jcive  then 

fcon'o  tiine  utt 
sail,  phu'o,  and, 
to  Ifaiandnnce  ai 

"  Hrotiiers,  we 
dcstroycHJ.  Yf)U 
plains  wero  full  ( 
fish.  IJiit,  !»n)tli( 
rut  down  tlio  f.n 
iiorscs  oat  lip  till 
wo  sliuli  sturvo  1 
you,  liiit  rosolve  ' 
mid  west  have  ji 


11 


Chap.  IV 


.]  MTANTrjNNO.MOII.— HIS  WAR  WITH  UNCAS. 


63 


tinnu) 
Itccii  sriit 


moll  aitpoiirs  not  to  liavc;  liked,  jiikI  "would  not  eat,  until  some  food  litul 


him  I'roni  tiiat  of  tlu;  <r<ivi'rnor'H 


Tll^ll     \M^I1<'1" 


■MIS  to  liavi'  dii-tatrd  to  Massachusetts,  in  Ik  r  answer  to 


arts,  til 

Jll-Oi'l'I'S: 


roMin'ctiiMit,  must  III'  acknowli'djrcd  ;  lint,  as  justici'  V.t  .Minntiiniiomoli  aliim- 
M  liMtIv  (li'niandi'd  sufh  derision,  en  i!it  in  this  case  is  due  only  to  tin  iii,  as  to 
!'  I'iiii  \vliii  does  a  fj;(»0(l  act  l)(3cans(!  it  was  his  interest  so  to  do.  They  in-<re(l 
('iiiiiii'cticut  not  to  couinie-un;  war  alone,  "aliefjin^i-  how  dishonoralile  it  would 
|ii,  til  MS  all,  that,  while  wo  were  ujion  treaty  with  the  Indians,  they  shoidd 
niiik'' war  ni»on  tlieni;  for  they  would  account  tluir  act  as  our  own,  seeiuij 
\vc  li.'ul  fornierly  |)rofi'ssed  to  the  Indians,  that  we  were  all  as  one  ;  and  in  our 
lu<t  iii!'ssii<re  to'  Alidiitunnomnli,  had  renienihered  I  ini  a;:ain  of  the  same,  and 
lie  hail  answered  that  he  did  so  account  us.  Ijion  receipt  ot"  this  oiu-  answer, 
llicv  fiirliare  to  enter  into  a  war,  hut  (if  seiiiied)  nuwilliniily,  and  as  not  well 
iiji'iisi'il  with  us."  The  uuiiu  consideration  which  caused  Massachusetts  to 
Ilcciiji'  airainst  war  was,  "That  all  those  inliirniations  [furnished  liy  Connecti- 
ciitl  iiiiirlit  arise  from  a  false  ifround,  and  out  of  the  enmity  wliich  was 
lictwi'cn  llie  Narraganset  and  .Slohigan"  sachems.  'J'liis  was  no  douitt  one 
of  ill''  '■''"!  fiiiises;  and,  had  Minnliiimomoli  o\ercome  Unnas,  the  I'ltiiiish 
wimlil,  fnini  poliiw,  as  irladly  have  leairued  with  him  as  with  the  latter;  liir  it 
WIS  coMstaiitl"  jtleaded  in  those  days,  that  their  safety  must  depend  on  a 
uniiiii  witii  some  of  tlio  most  powerful  trilies. 

'flicre  can  be  no  doubt,  on  i'airly  examininir  the  case,  that  Unrns  used  many 
intluence  the  J'wiglish  in  his  fiivor,  ;md  airainst   his  erei.iy.     In  the 
ri  of  the  war  between  the  two  great  cliiels,  tiie  I'.uirlish  acted  precisely 
llic  Indians  have  been  always  said  to  do — stood  aloof,  and  watciied  the 
f  victory,  determined  to  Join  the  coiuiuerors :  and  we  will  here  digress 
tiir  a  niiinn'iit,  to  introduce  a  character,  more  fully  to  illustrate  the  cause  of  the 
oiicniiiiins  ot"  the  i'nglish  agiiinst  the  chief  of  the  iNarragansets. 

Midnluiinihuok  had  a  wretcherl  en(Muy  in  lyaianitanre,  i\  Long  Island 
gaclicm,  who  had  assisted  in  the  destruction  of  the'  J*e(|uots,  at  their  last 
rcti'i'at.  He  revealed  the  ])lots  and  plans  ot'  .Miantunnoinoh ;  and,  says  ]jion 
fiw./cmr, '' he  told  \w  many  years  ago,"  as  all  the  plots  of  the  N'arrairansets 
liail  lii'cM  discovered,  they  now  concluded  to  let  the  Huglish  alone  luitil  they 
had  ilistriiyed  Uncfts  and  himself,  then,  with  the  assistance  of  the  iMohawks, 
"anil  Indians  beyond  the  Dutch,  aial  all  the  northern  and  eastern  Indians, 
woiilil  easily  destroy  lis,  man  and  n)otlier's  son." 

Mr.  Gan'kner  next  relates  that  Ik;  met  with  Minntunnomoli  at  ^leanticut, 
Wainndnncv^s  country,  on  the  east  end  of  Ijoug  Island.  That  Miantunnomoh 
was  tlicri',  as  Wauindar.cc  said,  to  break  up  the  intercourse  with  those  Indians, 
There  wci'c  others  with  Miantunnomoh,  and  what  they  said  to  Haiandance  was 
as  ftillows : — 

"  You  mn.it  give  no  more  wampum  to  the  English,  for  thetj  are  no  sachems,  nor 
none  of  their  chililren  shall  be  in  their  place  if  they  die.  Thcjf  have  no  tribute 
jriveii  them.  There  is  but  one  kins;  in  Ena;land,  who  is  over  them  all,  and  if  you 
should  sen  I  him  100,000  fathom  of  wampum,  he  would  not  s^ive  you  a  knife  for  it, 
nor  tlinnk  you^  Then  said  ffaiandance,  "They  will  come  and  kill  us  all,  as 
tlicyd.,!  tlie  I'eiiuits;"  but  rejilied  the  Narragansets,  " .Vo,  the  Pequnls  i^ave 
Ihcm  w'lmpum  and  beaver,  which  they  loved  so  well,  but  they  sent  it  them  (i!!:ain, 
and  liilled  them  because  they  had  killed  an  Englishman  ;  but  you  lutve  killed  none, 
thc>rfore  'j^ive  them  nothing." 

fciMi'o  time  atler,  .'IfmH<HH7tomo/i  went  again,  "with  a  troo|)  of  men,  to  the 
san.  |)lacc,  and,  instead  of  receiving  |)resents  as  formerly,  he  gave  i)resenl8 
to  H'ninndance  and  his  p(!ople,  and  made  tin;  follow  ii'.g  s[)eeeh: — 

"Ih'others,  we  must  he  one  as  the  English  are,  or  wt^  shall  soon  all  bo 
(k'stniyed.  You  kuow  our  fathers  had  plenty  of  deer  and  skins,  and  our 
plains  were  full  oi  dc^er  and  of  turkeys,  and  our  coves  and  rivers  were  lull  of 
iish.  Hut,  brothers,  since  these  liUglish  liav<!  seized  u])on  oin*  country,  they 
rut  down  the  grass  witii  scythes,  and  the  trees  with  axes.  Their  cows  and 
iiorsi's  eat  up  the;  grass,  ami  their  hogs  spoil  our  beds  of  clams;  and  (Inally 
\\v  shall  starve  to  death !  Therefore,  stand  not  in  your  own  light,  1  beseech 
yon,  hill  resolve  with  us  to  act  like  ukui.  All  the  sachems  both  to  tin;  east 
mid  west  have  joined  with  us,  and  we  are  all  resolved  to  fall  upon  them,  at  a 


pi 


'A'>.  Si 


5')!. 


'A, 


64 


MIANTUNNOMOH  DEFEATED  AND  TAKEN  PRISONER.  [Book  Ii 


i 


pro. 


duy  a])|»f)iiitc(l,  ami  tlieivforo  I  Iiiivi;  come  secrftly  to  you,  bpciiiiso  you  (jn, 
porsiuulc  till!  Indians  to  do  \vliat  you  will.  Urotlicrs,  1  will  tfiuid  over  ,l(. 
Indians  to  Manisscs,  and  !30  to  you  from  tlioiicc,  and  take  an  100  df 
Soiitiianipton  Indians,  with  an  100  of  your  own  licre.  And,  wlim  vm. 
see  tlie  llirce  fires  tiiat  will  \n',  made  at  tiie  end  of  40  days  iicncc,  in  j 
cl(>ar  nipiit,  tlien  act  as  we  act,  and  the  next  day  tail  on  and  kill  nieii,  woimn 
and  children,  but  no  cows;  they  must  be  killed  as  we  ue(.'d  them  fur 
visions;  till  the  deer  come  again." 

To  this  speech  all  the  old  men  said,  "  Ifurre^cn,"  i.  c.  "It  is  wf.i,l."  |}|u 
tliis  fxrejit  plot,  if  the  account  given  by  ff'ainnilanre  be  true,  was  by  liim 
brought  to  the  knowledge  of  the  English,  and  so  liuled.  "And  the  pliMtir" 
Bays  Gardener,  "next  spring  alter,  did  as  Mab  did  at  Ramoth-Gilead. — fii,\^y 
to  Mohegan,*  and  there  had  his  f'dl."t 

Capture  and  death  of  Miantunnomoh. — The  war  brought  on  between  L'wa^ 
and  Miantunnomoh  was  not  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  English,  nor  is  ittu 
be  expected  that  they  could  w ith  certainty  determine  the  justness  of  its  ((iii- -. 
The  broil  had  long  existed,  but  the  oi)en  ruptiu'e  was  brought  on  by  Uiwus 
making  war  upon  Sequnsson,  one  of  the  sachems  under  .Miantunnomoh.  Tii( 
English  accoinits  say,  (and  we  have  no  other,)  that  about  1000  warriors  wn 
niised  by  Miantunnomoh,  who  came  upon  Uncas  iniprepared,  having  iml, 
about  400  men;  yet,  atter  an  obstinate  battle,  in  which  many  were  kiljid  nl, 
both  sides,  th(^  Narragansets  were  |)Ut  to  flight,  and  Miantunnomoh  Itik:, 
prisoner;  that  he  endeavored  to  save  himself  by  flight,  but,  having  on  (ucii 
of  mail,  was  known  from  the  rest,  and  seized  by  t\\(>|  vi'  his  own  men,  wU. 
hoped  by  their  treachery  to  save  their  own  lives.  Whereupon  they  iniinc. 
diately  delivered  him  u|)  to  the  concpieror.  C/«ras  slew  them  both  instaiith; 
probably  with  his  own  hand.  This  sjjeciinen  of  his  braveri/  nnist  have  liaii:, 
salu.tary  eflect  on  all  such  as  afterwards  chanced  to  think  of  acting  the  \)m 
of  traitors  in  their  wai-s,  at  least  among  the  Narragansets. 

The  English  of  Rhode  Island  rather  favored  the  cause  of  the  NarraganspK 
nor  could  a  dillerent  course  be  expected  of  them,  satisfied  as  they  were,  timt 
that  nation  W(>re  greatly  wronged  ;  while,  on  th(>  other  hand,  Connecticut  iiml 
Massachusetts  rather  iiivored  the  Mohegans.  That  Miantunnomoh  should  noi 
eurt'er  in  his  person,  in  battles  which,  it  was  now  seen,  were  inevitable,  Sanml 
Go/-/o)i  furnished  him  with  a  heavy  old  English  armor,  or  coat  of  mail;aiii| 
this,  instead  of  being  beneficial,  as  it  was  intended,  ju'oved  the  destruction  of 
his  friend.  Eor,  when  a  retreat  became  necessary,  not  being  used  to  this  kind 
of  caparison,  it  both  obstructed  his  efforts  at  resistance  and  his  means  of  flight. 
About  80  of  his  men  were  killed,  and  many  more  were  wounded. 

Being  brought  before  Uncas,  lie  remained  without  speaking  a  word,  tiiitil 
Uncas  s|)ok(>  to  him,  and  said,  ^^  If  you  had  taken  me,  I  would  have  besoufxht  jjou 
for  my  life,"  He  then  took  his  ])risoner  to  Hartford,  and  at  his  re(|ii(st  lit't 
uini  a  ])ris()ner  with  the  English,  until  the  mind  of  the  United  Colonies  should 
be  known  as  to  what  disposition  should  l)e  made  of  him. 

The  sorrowful  |)art  of  the  tale  is  yet  to  be  told.  The  commissioners  of  tlic 
Unitt;d  Colonies,  having  convened  at  IJoston,  "tiiking  into  serious  considcia- 
tion,  they  say,  what  was  safest  and  best  to  be  done,  were  all  of  opinion  that  it 
would  not  be  safe  to  set  him  at  liix'rty,  neither  had  W(!  suflicient  ground  fonL< 
to  put  him  to  death."  §  The  awful  design  of  jiutting  to  death  their  friend  t\w\ 
had  not  yet  fixed  U]ton ;  but,  callhig  to  their  aid  in  council  ^^fve  of  the  must 
judicious  elders,"  ^Hhcy  all  agreed  that  he  ouf!;ht  to  be  put  to  death"  This  was 
the  filial  decision ;  and,  to  complete  the  <le(!d  of  darkness,  secrecy  was  enjoin- 
ed upon  all.     And  their  determination  was   to   be   made    known  to  Vims 

*  This  g-ocs  to  show  Ihiit  Minntiiniitwinh  was  not  killed  above  llarllord,  as  Winlhrop  stales; 
for  llio  coniilry  at  some  (lislanco  from  tlie  mouth  of  I'l-qiiot  Rivor  was  called  Mohvgan.  li 
prolial)lv  hicliided  Windsor. 

t;5  Coll.  Muss.  I/is/.  Snr.  iii.  155. 

i  In  tiie  records,  (llozitnl,  ii.  M),)  but  onft  person  is  mentioned  as  having  taken  Miantnmw 
moll,  wliosc  name  was  Tuuliuini'son  ;  and  there  he  is  called  a  ,'>h)li(-<ran  captain.  That  tlicro- 
fore  the  Narrasnnsots  tried  to  kill  iiim  ;  came  upon  him  once  in  the  nisfhl,  and  dajigcrousl} 
wounded  him,  as  he  lay  in  his  wigwam  asleep.    See  note  In  the  Life  of  Ninigret, 

§  VVi7ttlirop,  ii.  IJl. 


privately,  with 
tion,  !iii(i  witli( 

[■'roll!  tlieir  ( 
Hand  coiidemi 
i'ncis  lifid  III 
injury;*  ami 
tuniwvt'tli  had 
(if  i'ltrar,  anil 
or  hi.-'  Irii'iids 
own  course. 
Vivus'-:"'t  iin< 
his  wig\vniiis, 

W'c  will  now 
of  tliis  matter. 
Minntiiiimwtoh, 
(.„i,sid.'i-ai)le  lit 
OMriitieii,  "eai 
put  liiiii  lo  dc! 
Kiigii>li  accoiii 
tion  ;  and  liiat  t 

The  coiiiinis! 
with  a  ceinpetP 
or  fi.-saiilt,  of  tl 
f^liall  relitsi!  lo  e 
by  s:'a  to  tilt;  ] 
iiiissiotiers  may 

Hire,  then,  w 
gans  had,  by  w 
niiire  in  ti'tir  of 
woiilil  never  ha' 
protrctiiiii  of  til 

No  one  can  rt 
kon.  \\'e  do  n 
ol'  .Mididunnomi 
nttirwards;  but 
into  w!iose  pow 
(k'liied. 

When  the  det 
to  Uncus,  he  " 
along  ^^ith  him 
lifitli  some  men 
his  head  with 
liea(l.'\N 

l>f.  Trumbull 
oinrht  to  ciititio 
fc-ts  on  the  Jiutl 
lion--  ot'  one  con 
of  Ills  shoulder, 
iii!'at  h    ever  at( 

*  Ihihhinl,  N.  E 

I  W'liif'irnp's  Jo 
sociii-i  lo  have  hee 
(lirc(iii)ii,  iViini  Um 
f  rti  (>  li;id  nii'ii  f/ici 

A  KCMllcinaii  wl 
lio;i|)  of  clones  upii 
ini'iilid  |i'K'  of  the  < 
Ji'li'i'i-sn-i'.i  Xiil'^s. 
C(iiiiM')  li.ive.  not  I 
tlic  N|i<il.     Il  is  in  tl 

(\  M  r,'':nl;,i. 

'.  'I'li.il  ilii<  i«  t 
vrilcr'-i  |.Ml)li»liiii!r 

G 


-CONDUCT  OF  TUF.  ENGLISn. 


Gi- 


lt of  iiKiil;  aiii! 


hi.s  "  i 


CHAr.  IV.]     MIANTUNNOMOII 

nrivatclv,  u'''' ''''■•''■''""  '''"'^  ''*'  ^''""'''  ''xcciito  liiiii  within  his  own  jiiri?;;lir- 
n,,ii  (iiKlwithout  tortin-i!. 

|,Y tiicii-  own  acconnt  of  this  Jifthir,  tho  Eiiirlish  (of  th(!  Tnitcd  ('oioni("<) 

maiid  coiMlcMincd  in  the  triml  of  time  iit  the;  har  of  iiistory.  It  is  allowod  that 
'('luas  li"d  niadi-  war  upon  Scijiiiisson,  in  .Inly,  KilM,  and  done  him  ninch 
ininr  ;  *  ""'I  '''"'>  »<■'■<"■•'"'?(  t"  "  prcvions  airn'cnu'nt  witli  the  Kniflisii,  Mian- 
tuiiiKiin'ili  iiad  conipiaincd  to  the  irovcrnor  of  INIassarhnsctts  of  tiic  comhict 
(if  l'iiiii:\'Mu\  iiad  received  answer  from  him,  "that,  if  IJnra.i  iind  (h)ne  liirn 
or  his  friiiids  wronjr,  and  wonid  not  irive  satisthction,  lie  was  left  to  take  hin 
own  course."  No  acconnt  is  iriven  that  SeijiKtsson  had  injin'ed  Unras,  hnt  that 
r'/iai.v  "si't  upon  Sci/iKtsson,  niu\  killed  7  or  8  of  iiis  men,  wonnded  1.'},  hnrnt 
..._\vanis,  and  carried  away  tin'  hooty."  * 

\Ve  will  no^v'  jio  to  tho  record,  which  will  enahle  n.^  to  jniljje  of  the  justness 
of  this  matter.  When  the  En<,dish  had  determined  that  Unras  shonld  evecnti; 
Miaiiliinnnmoh,  Uncns 'Wtxs  <ir(lered  to  he  si'iit  liir  to  Hartford,  "with  some 
'c()nsiil''rai)l(!  niinihcr  oi'  his  hest  and  trustiest  men,"  to  take  him  to  a  place  for 
execiitieii,  "carryinfr  him  into  the  next  part  of  his  own  <rovernment,  and  there 
pnt  hull  lo  death:  proviiied  that  soni"  discreet  and  faithful  persotis  of  tho 
lliiirlisii  accoini)any  them,  and  see  th<'  execntion,  for  oiiv  inor"  fnll  satisfac- 
tion; anil  that  tho  Knglish  nr-ddle  not  with  the  head  or  l>ndy  at  all."t 

Tlic  (•(inimissioners  at  the  sa'no  time  enlered,  "that  lhirtt()rd  (iirnisli  Uncns 
with  a  ceniiH'tent  stronjith  of  Kniflish  to  di'fend  him  against  any  present  fury 
or  assault,  of  the  Nanohiiifrnnset.s  or  any  other."  And  "that  in  case  Uncns 
.sliall  refuse  to  exocnto  justice  ii])on  Mfjanltnomo,  that  then  Mi/anttnomo  bo  s(;nt 
bv  s:  a  to  the  Massachnsetts,  there  to  he  kejit  in  safe  dnrance  till  the  com- 
inissioui'rs  may  consider  fiirthor  how  xo  dispose  of  him."t 

Hi  re,  then,  we  see  fnlly  (levelo|)ed  th"  real  state  of  tlu;  case.  The  I^loho- 
mins  had,  hy  accident,  ca|»tnred  JMimihnmomoh,  alter  which  (ivent,  they  were 
mere  in  ti'ar  of  his  nation  than  l)of(>ro ;  which  jirovos,  beyond  doubt,  that  th<!y 
wdiilil  never  have  dared  to  put  him  to  death,  had  they  not  boon  ))romised  the 
protection  of  the  English. 

No  one  can  read  this  acconnt  witliont  beinsr  retninded  of  tho  fate  of  ^"apo- 
kon.  We  do  not  say  that  the  English  of  New  England  dreaded  the  power 
of  MI<tntunnoi7ioh  as  viuch  as  those  of  Old  England  did  that  of  .Yiipoleon 
;it"ti  iwanis;  hnt  that  both  were  sacrifiited  in  consecpience  of  the  fars  of  those 
into  wliose  power  the  fortnne  of  wai"s  cast  them,  will  not,  wo  presume,  be 
denied. 

Wlieii  tiie  determination  of  tlie  commissiont-rs  and  eli!eri{  was  made  known 
to  Uiicds,  ho  "readily  nndortook  tho  execution,  and  taking  Minnttinnnmoh 
along  uiiii  him,  in  the  way  between  Hartford  and  Windsor,  (where  Unraa 
liath  some  men  dwell,)  Unras'  brother,  following  after  Mini.iunnomoh,  clave 
liis  head  with  an  hatchet." J  Mather  savs,  they  "very  fiiirlv  cut  off  hi« 
liea(l."^N 

Dr.  TrumhuUW  records  an  account  of  canifihalism,  at  this  time,  which  wc 
oiisrlit  to  caution  tho  reader  against  receiving  as  true  history,  as  it  no  doubt 
rots  oil  the  authority  of  tradition,  which  is  wont  to  frHiisfl'r  oven  the  transac- 
tiiuw  of  one  continent  to  aiM>thor,  which  is  this: — "  Uncas  cut  out  a  la'"g('  piece 
of  his  shoulder,  and  ate  it  in  savage  triumph;"  saying,  "'it  was  tin;  sweetest 


iiiiat  h'  ever  ate:  it  made  his  la 


'If 


*  Ifii'ihiril,  N.  E.  WO.  t  Ki'corils  of  llip  U.  Colonios. 

I  W'iiil'nnp's  Journal,  ii.  ISt.  As  to  llic  pliK'O  of  Midutininnnioh's  v\^'.c\\^\m^,  Wiiilhrop 
sociin  1(1  liavo  been  in  a  mislake.  Il  is  not  very  likely  linil  he  was  liikcii  in  llic  ')posile 
(lirt'ilioii,  iVuni  Uiwas's  own  coiailry,  as  W'inilMir  was  Iruni  IlarUord.  ll  is  also  unlikely  lliat 
f'vr  (>  li:iil  iiifii  direll  so  far  from  liis  (■ounlrv  n|ion  the  Thames. 

A  ;j('nlli'inaii  who  lalc'ly  visilcil  his  se|)Ml(  lire,  siiys  the  wamleria!;'  Tniliaiis  iiave  mailp  a 
lionp  (if  sioncs  upon  his  j^rave.  Il  is  a  well-known  ciisloin  of  the  race,  lo  ailil  lo  a  monu- 
mi'iilal  pill'  (if  (he  dead  whenever  they  pass  by  il.  See  :)  (\ill.  Mini.  Ilhl.  Snr.  iii.  W'j.  and 
Jrlifi-xn-i'x  Xdfi's.  ftj'  ISome  wrelcliedly  ii;iior;iiit  iiciu'libors  lo  lliis  sacred  pile  (whiles,  of 
cd.ir-.!')  have,  not  lontf  siiiee,  taken  siiiii(>«  from  il  lo  niiilie  wall  !  bnl  enoiif^h  remain  lo  mark 
till'  -poi      II  is  in  the  east  part  of  Norwich.     ('(i//s.  Ihid. 

i\  M  i,ni:ilia.  II  History  of  Conneetieiil,  i.  l:i."). 

'  Til  II  iliis  is  tradition,  may  be  inferred  from  the  cir'-umsiniice  of  an  I'liihh'iil/i/  obseure 
Avriurs  |,ul)li>liinir  nearly  the  same  story,  which  he  sa\s,  in  his  book,  look  place  upon  ine 


i 


^i'll 


6' 


CG 


DEATH  OF  MIANTUNNOMOII.— TRADITIONS. 


[r.oi.K  11 


1*'^ 


J 


W>'  nro  now  ccitaiii  that  wlmt  Dr.  Trumhull  lias  fjivcii  us  as  iinqiicstioiii;],!, 
histiiiy,  tViim  a  "  iiiaiiii.scri|)t  of  Mr.  Hi/'le,'''  is  only  tradition.     Ilavin;r  Ih'ih  pi,. 
in  jMis-cssion  of  a  fopy  of  that  luaniiscnpt,*  we  (Iimmm  it  liiirlilv  iniportani  ti 
it  hImmiIiI   he  laid   lirforc  the  world,  tliat  its  true  wfijrht  may  Im;  considcrcil  I 
y||  who  would  \n\  corrcrtly  infonncd  in  this  important  transaction. 

liy  way  of  i)n'riminary  to  his  comi'suniratioii,  Mr.  Hi/(k  sjiys,  "The  fiill(,\i. 
in^  facts  hciiifr  communicated  to  m<^  from  some  of  the  nncieni  fathers  of  tin, 
town,  who  were  contein|)orary  with  Uncns,"  &c.  "That  before  the  settlciiin,. 
of  Norw  ich,  the  sachem  of  tht;  Narrajranset  trihe  [JMumttinnomoh]  had  a  |i.  . 
soiial  (jiiarrel  with  Uncas,  and  jiroclaimed  war  with  tin?  Mohefr[an]s:  in,; 
marched  witli  an  army  of  900  fiffhtin<f  men,  (jqiiipped  with  hews  and  armw, 
and  hatchets.  Uncas  he[infr]  iniormed  i)y  spies  of  tlieir  march  towanls  In. 
eeat,  Uncas  called  liis  warriors  together,  about  (100,  stout,  hard  men,  h;L'lit  nf 
foot,  and  skilled  in  tla;  use  of  the  bow;  and,  ui)on  a  conference,  Uncns  \i,\,\ 
his  men  that  it  would  not  do  to  let  y«  Nairajran.-iets  come  to  their  town,  lii;i 
tl:  ,y  must  go  and  meet  thom.  Accordingly,  they  marched,  and  about  tliri'i 
miles,  on  a  large  plain,  the  armies  met,  and  both  balt^ul  witiiiii  Imw-shot.  .\ 
parley  was  sounded,  and  gallant  Uncas  projtosiid  a  conference  with  the  Niuni- 
gaiiset  sachem,  who  agreed.  And  being  met,  Uncas  saith  to  his  enemy  woi-ii 
to  this  etli'ct:  '  You  have  got  a  number  of  bfave  men  tvith  you,  and  so  have  I. 
Ahit  it  a  pitji  that  such  brave  men  should  be  killed  for  a  quarrel  between  ynu  nn! 
/?  Oidij  come  like  n  man,  as  you  -pretend  to  he,  and  ive  willfght  it  out.  If  \jim 
kill  me,  my  men  shall  be  yours ;  but  if  I  kill  you,  your  men  shall  be  mine.''  \j\w,] 
which  the  Narraganset  sachem  replied:  'j%  men  came  to  fight,  and  they  shi 
fight; 

"  Thicas  having  before  told  his  men,  tliat  if  his  enemy  should  refuse  to  fijrht 
him,  he  would  fidi  down,  and  then  they  were  to  discharge  their  artiilcn 
[arrows]  on  them,  and  fall  right  on  them  as  fast  as  they  could;"  this  was 
dom;,  and  the  Mohegans  nished  upon  Miantunnomoh\s  army  "lik(!  lions,"  jMit 
them  to  flight,  and  killed  "a  ninnber  on  the  spot."  They  "pursued  the  n^i, 
driving  some  down  ledges  of  rocks."  The  foremost  of  Uncases  men  ;.'iii 
ahead  of  Miantunnomoh,  and  impeded  his  flight,  drawing  him  back  as  tlicv 
passed  him,  "to  give  Uncas  op|)ortunity  to  take  him  bim.sc^lf." 

"  In  the  pursuit,  at  a  place  now  called  Sachevi's  Plain,  Uncas  took  him  In 
the  shoulder,  lie  then  set  down,  knowing  Uncas.  Uncns  \\w\\  gave  a  wlio(i|i, 
and  his  men  r(!turned  to  hiiii ;  and  in  a  council  then  held,  'twas  concluded  hy 
them,  that  Uncas,  with  a  guard,  should  cairy  said  sachem  to  Hartfitrd,  to  iIk 
governor  and  magistrates,  (it  beiisg  before  the  chartei',)  to  advise  what  tlicy 
shoidd  do  with  him."  "  Uncas  was  told  by  them,  as  there  was  no  war  wiiii 
the  English  and  Narragansets,  it  was  not  |)ro])er  for  them  to  intermeddle,  in 
the  afliiir,  and  advised  him  to  take  his  own  way.  Accordingly,  they  bronirlii 
said  Narraganset  sacluMii  back  to  the  same  s|»ot  of  ground  where  he  was  timk; 
where  Uncas  killed  him,  and  cut  out  a  large  piece  of  h-s  shoulder,  roiistcil, 
and  eat  it;  and  said, '/<  was  the  sweetest  meel\  he  ever  enl ;  it  made  him  hm( 
strong  hart.^  Then;  they  bury  iiitn,  and  nuide  a  pillar,  which  I  hav<^  seen  hui 
a  tow  years  since." 

This  counnunication  was  in  tlu"  form  of  a  letter,  and  dated  atNorwicli. fl 
Oct.  17()}),  and  signed  Richnrd  Hide.  The;  just  remark  of  Mr.  £/)/ upon  it  1 
cannot  withhold,  in  justice  to  my  subject. 

"The  aliov*'  ^  J\[anuscri/d  of  .Mr.  Hyde,'' na  n  //Wj'/jojj,  is  a  valuable  papor, 
piiil  worthy  of  preservation ;  yet,  being  written  IQ.'i  yeai-s  after  the  event 
which  it  describes,  it  is  sur|)rising  that  Dr.  Trumbull  should  have  inserted  it, 
in  his  History  of  Comiecticut,  in  its  principal  particidars,  as  matter  of  fact."t 

In  the  ))roeee<lings  of  the  comirf'.ssionero  of  the  United  Colonies,  the  iiiain 

dentil  of  Philip.  Omko,  lie  snys.  out  (iiit  a  pdiilid  of  Pliiliji's  hlcciliiij;  body  mid  iilc  il. 
Till'  liook  is  liy  (»»'■  Hryini  'l^riiiiiliii/l.  iiiid  piiqiorls  lo  ho  a  liiilory  ol'  llic  discovery  of  AniiT- 
ica,  the  liidiiiii  wars,  iVc.  Tlie  reiider  will  liiid  il  nUoiit  stalls  \t\  ilic  slreel-side.  Iiiil  rarely  in 
a  res|ie(.|ii!)le  iiook-slore.  It  has  liocii  forced  tliroiigli  iiiniiy  editions,  but  there  is  scarce  a 
woril  of  true  history  in  it. 

*  Mv  Rev,  Will.  /■'Ill,  of  (^omiert'nit. 

t  'f'nimliiil/  snvs  mfcl,  hut  the  ,MS.  is  plain,  and  means  meal. 

^  Manuscript  lulter,  1  Mar.  1UJ3. 


facts  in  rcCm 
accoinit,  iU'c;  c 
bifiirc  the  Im 

tiiiil  in'^t  i*"  '' 
tuniwmoh,  "  |ir 

Imltlc."  * 

It  (loc>  not 
.Mlantuniwmoh 
lii,s  rfinsoin. 
ajijicars  certai 
Knirlisli,  and  tl 
(|iiaiility  or  (pii 
the  lite  of  Unc 

MNKiRH' 
frlitil,  .Vcnrgtld 
times  nientiou 
whicli  li«'  was 
Niniiticks,  a  tri 
kai)iitiir,  iio' 
and  is  ctunmon 
which  iilways  i 
maiTicd  a  sistc 
his  uncle. 

The  reliition 
tilt!  rcjircsentat 
selts  in  lt»42. 
"Some  (litHcult 
cause  of  war  w 
by  continiial  in' 
slioiiid  do  us  wi 
hiinse'.f  could  t 

10  IIS." 

On  the  12  J 

Winlhrop  at  thi 
heiiiif  stat(;d  to  t 
tiie  giivcnior,  ii 
J'e(|iiots,  w  ho  h 
demanded  their 
wiiii  the  denial 
witlMiut,  he  cor 
Tiic  governor  i 
Eiiirlish  cajitaiii! 

On  tiie  !)  M 
deiiiity  Jiiid  trei 
"We  gave  him 
Wiqunsh  Cook 
would  right  ou 
period,  they  wei 

The  next  yeai 
|mid  tribute  to  tl 
t'a|itain  Mason 
tioii.    Jancmo'w 
srttled.  If 

When   it  wai 

*  See  Jfii:(ird's  i 
t  So  writleii  by  i 
}  Mr.   I'liiire,  in 

nml  urote  .■lifK/icmi 

Jour.  i.  i'i'2,' 
\^  Priiire  says   h 

lia\('  hi'eii, 
11  WiiUkrop's  Jot 


* 


Chap. 


IV.]       NINIGRET.— TROUBLE  WITH   .MI.VNTUN.NO.MOII. 


a: 


iinqiip.^tioimlii,. 


f  c'H  ill  rofi'i'i'iiccj  to  llu'  (li'fitli  of  Alinnlinmoinoh,  coiitaiiicd  in  flic  iibovo 
an'ipiiiit,  an;  corroltoratcd.  'TIk'  n'<Minls  of  tiii'  coiimiis.sioiicrs  say,  that  i'nain, 
Ixforc  till'  battle,  toll!  Mimitunnomohy  ilvM  lu'  liad  main  way.s  soiiirlit  liis  liti', 
mill  now,  if  lit' till'"*''')  !'•'  ^^""'''  ''r'lt  ''ii"  '"  ^i"frl«'  ••oml>at ;  lait  tlia!  .Umji- 
lunnomoh  "im'siiiuiiiir  upon  liis  iiunilicrs  of  iiii'ii,  would  have  iioliiiiii.'  Imt  a 

battle.  ,  1      1       rr  II  1        ,.         • 

It  (loef-  not  appear  Iroin  tlitse  reeonis,  that  Lucas  had  ai        lea  ol  |)iiliiii'j; 

Mimiimnomoh  to  death,  hut  to  extort  a  jrnat  price  from  his  .•oiintrynien,  )i»r 

ills  niiisoin.     That  a  larjre  ainomit  in  wanipnni  was  eolleeted  for  this  |)iir|iiise, 

niM"'''"'"*  •'•''■f'"" »  l>iili  l'<'''"'''  it  \>as  |iaiil,  I'lirns  received  llie  decision  oi"  ihc 

Kii<'lisli,  anil  then  pretended  that  he  had  made  no  siicli  affreement,  or  that  the 

(iiwiiitit\  or  iiiiality  was  not  as  a.ireed  upon,  as  will  more  at  leni^tli  he  :  im  n  in 

the  liti-  ol"  Unms. 

MNKiHI'iT  was  often  called  A''iincrfifl,  and  sometimes  JVi)u:l;it)Htl,\  J\'ini- 
sliul  Mnei^dttt;  and  his  iiami!  was  written  almost  as  many  other  ways  a.s 
tiiiic's  iiieiitioiii'd,  by  some  early  writers.  Jnnimol  was  the  first  name  hy 
which  I"'  was  known  to  the  Kiij.dish.  He  was  <reneraliy  styled  sachem  of  the 
Nianticks,  a  tribe  of  the  Narraf>aiisets,  whose  principal  nsideiice  was  at  W'e- 
knpaiit',  now  Westerly,  in  Kiiode  I.;laiid.  lie  wa^'  .  uiisin  U)  Mianluiinoinoh,^ 
uikI  is Voninionly  mentioned  in  history  as  the  chief  sachem  of  the  Xiaiitieks, 
wliicli  always  made  a  part  of  the  jrieat  nation  of  the  Narrafiansels.  j\'ini}/:ri:t 
iiiiirried  a  sister  of  Cashawashetl,  oiherwisc!  called  Harmon  Garret,  who  was 
liis  ii'icle. 

Tli«!  relation  in  which  tiio  Niantic'us  stood  to  the  Narraifan.sets  is  plain,  from 
the  representation  given  l)y  Minnluiinomoh  to  the  government  of  Ma.ssachii- 
sclts  in  1()42.  In  treating  wii'i  him,  at  that  time,  (Governor  li'inthrop  says, 
"Some  dirticnlty  we  hud,  .  i  bring  him  to  des -rt  the  Niantick.s,  if  we  had  just 
ciiiiM'  of  war  witii  them.  They  were,"  he  .said,  "as  his  own  flesh,  being  allied 
by  continual  intermarriages,  &.e.  JJiit  at  last  he  condescended,  that  if  they 
sliniild  do  IIS  wrong,  as  he  could  not  draw  them  to  give  lis  satisfaction  for,  nor 
hinisc'.r  could  satisfy,  as  if  it  were  for  blood,  tStc.  then  Iks  would  leave  them 

10  IIS." 

On  the  12  July,  1G.'37,  Aifanemo,  as  his  name  was  written  by  Governor 
Jf'intlirop  at  this  time,  came  to  iJoston  wi;li  17  me:;.  The  objects  of  his  visit 
beiiiir  stated  to  the  governor,  Ik;  promised  him  an  answer  the  next  day  ;  but 
tjie  iroveriior,  understanding  meanwhie,  that  he  had  nreived  many  of  the 
J'c(|ii(>ts,  who  had  taken  reliige  in  his  i oimtry  aiti  r  their  deli'at  at  IMy.stie,  fii-st 
(Iciimiided  iheir  delivery  to  the  iMiglish.  .Yi/ni^-n/ was  very  loath  to  comply 
with  the  demand  ;  but,  Hnding  he  could  get  no  answer  to  his  propositions 
without,  he  consented  to  give  up  the  Pecpiols,  after  a  day's  consideration. 
The  governor  shortly  after  dismissed  liim,  with  instructions  to  treat  with  the 
English  captains  then  in  the  I'eqiiot  country. 

On  the  !•  IVIar.  JfiMH,  ^^Aliantiinnomili  came  to  Boston.  The  governor, 
deputy  and  treasurer  treated  with  him,  and  they  parted  upon  fiiir  terms." 
"We  gave  him  leave  to  right  himself  i'uv  the  wrongs  which  Jancmoh  and 
Wvqunsh  Cook  had  doni'  him  ;  and,  for  the  wrong  they  had  done  us,  wo 
would  right  oui-selves,  in  our  own  timi\"  ||  ll.'iice,  it  appears  that,  at  this 
period,  they  wen;  not  so  closely  allied  as  they  were  afterwards. 

The  next  year,  Jammo  was  complained  of  by  the  I.ong  Island  Indians,  who 
piiid  tribute  to  the  English,  that  he  had  committed  some  robheri  s  iijion  them. 
Captain  Mason  was  sent  from  Connecticut  with  seven  ini'ii  to  reqiiir-'  satistac- 
tion.  Jancmo'W'out  immediately  to  tli(>  English,  and  the  matter  was  amicably 
sittled.  If 

\\  hen   it  was  rumored  tlijit  Mlantunnomoh  was   plotting  to   cut  off  the 


*  Sci'  lf'ir:(inl's  Ilislorical  Collcrtions,  II,  7,  10. 

t  So  urillcii  by  Roi^er  W'illiitms, 

{  Mr.  I'liiice,  in  his  odilioii  ot  Hii/ilidrd's  Nnrr.ilivo,  prnbnhly  mistook  }^'i>ilhrn]i'.t  MS., 
anil  vsroli'  As^nnrmo  iiistuad  of  Atjiinniiio.  See  llic  cililioii  HT.).  ofNiir.  p.  10,  iiiid  W'iiithrnp, 
Jour.  i. 'i'i'2.' 

(Ji  I'riitrr  say.s  he  was  uncle  to  Muintunnomoh,  (Chronolo;;!!,  ii.  69.)  Ijul  lliul  could  nol 
haM'  lici'ii. 

II  Winlhroii's  Journal,  i.  2J3.  IT  Ibid.  i.  207. 


1 

m 


r^ 


i 


■i\ 


63 


NrMGRET— DUTCH   AND  INPTAN  WAR. 


fHofiK  II, 


n  ■  < 


f'ii;;li>li,  i'.Mil  iisitij;  liis  ciulravors  to  unite  otlirr  tri!n'S  in  the  (•nt(  r|iri8(',  thn 
Kn;;lisli  sent  dcpntics  to  iiiiii,  to  Iciirii  tl'  'itli  of  llic  n'j)ort,  iis  will  \>v  t'oiin,! 
Cis.wh:  re  Ciiliy  stilted.  'I'lir  (i<'|intics  vv.  i-  well  satisfied  witli  tlic  i';iiTi;iirc  of 
J\Iiaii'':ni::iiii'il'i ;  hut,  tlii'\  sjiy,  "  J«n(Mio/(,  the  Niantirk  .siclicin,  ciirricd  irnnsilf 
proiiuiy,  .•iiid  n  I'usi'd  to  conic  to  ns,  or  to  yield  to  any  tliinjr;  only,  he  said,  he 
Mf'uld'iMil  liann  ns,  i\ce|ii  we  invaded  hini."  *  Tims  we  cannot  hnt  tiinnan 
oxallcd  I'pinion  tA'  .\'!iuu;nl,  in  the  |H>rson  nl'  Jnuonn. 

.7  f}'!rli  and  In  linn  war  rajrcd  at  tliis  time,  and  was  roiahietcd  witji 
mm  leiiliiii,'  li.!''i'arity  hy  tlie  fia-mcr  party.  It  fji-ew  out  ot"  a  sinj.de  nninhr 
on  Indian  havin<;'  killed  a  Dutchman  in  a  drunken  trolie.  The  miird^n  r  wtu 
imm  d'liitily  d.i  m.-uided,  hut  could  not  he  ohtained  :  and  the  fiovernor  wju 
nrifcd  to  n  ialii'ti,  and  oltcu  called  upon  to  take  revenife.  He  waived  ili,i 
S'liij-'cf,  |()i'esf'einfj;,  no  douht,  that  I'ctaliatii^u  \\as  a  had  coiu'sc^  to  i)ursiie  fur 
satisl'ictiim,  especially  with  Indians.  However,  it  soon  happened  that  tlm 
jMohawks  it'll  upon  those  Indians,  killed  al)oiU  IK)  of  them,  and  tiie  rest  ||i,| 
their  conn: ry  :  many  of  whom  souirht  |)rotection  fi'om  the  Dimdi  theinsehis, 
Some  evii-MMnded  persons  now  tliouiLiiit  to  re\enire  thcmsidves  on  ilnsi' 
Indii.ns,  without  the  daiij;er  of  sutllTinir  ti"om  resistance.  It  is  n'j»ort;(l  iliat 
an  inhuman  monster,  named  Mamie,  a  Dutidi  captain,  ohtained  the  consi  at  of 
the  "Tovi'nior  to  kill  as  many  of  them  as  he  pleased;  and,  acting  under  tliiii 
nuthority,  surprised  and  murdered  70  or  HO  of  them,  men,  women,  (iinl 
eliildr.n.  i\o  sooner  was  this  hlow  of  assassination  struck,  than  the  Indi.ms 
flew  I"  t''eir  arms,  and  heiran  hostilities  of  the  same  kind;  and,  widi  sinh 
fniT  ^^as  their  onset  made,  that  they  cut  otf '-20  peixons  or  more,  hetiirc  the 
alarm  could  spread  :  and  they  were  soon  masters  of  their  s'ttlements,  am!  tlio 
Dutch  were  confined  to  their  fort.  |}y  employing  ('a|)tain  l^mhrliill,  Iiowcmt, 
an  experienced  I'-nglisli  oHicer  in  tin;  Indian  wars,  and  some  others  of  the 
English,  the  Dutch  were  enal)led  to  maintain  their  ground;  and,  i!)rtiuiatt'lv, 
soon  after,  Woff'r  ffillifiyn.t  ticcidentally  arrived  there,  through  whose  mediiitjiin 
a  jieace  was  etlrcte<l,  and  an  end  was  put  to  a  hloo<ly  war.  This  Marini;  \\\w 
was  till'  |irincipa!  cause  of  it,  (iiiarrelled  with  the  governor,  on  account  ot'  his 
employing  UndvrhUl  insteaci  of  him,  and  even  attempted  his  iiti-  on  the 
accoimt  of  it.  1I(^  presented  a  |)istol  at  his  hrcast,  wliicdi,  heing  ttn-ned  iisiili' 
by  a  hystcUider,  the  govf.'rnor's  WW  was  preserved.  A  servant  of  .Marim'n 
tlieii  (lisidiarged  a  gun  at  the  governor,  i)ut  missing  him,  one  of  the  goveiiiiir'< 
guard  shot  tlie  servant  dejid,  and  .Mamie  was  made  prisoner,  and  forlliwiili 
sent  into  Holland,  ff'illiains,  having  heen  denied  a  jtassage  through  N.  V.m- 
land  hy  the  laiv  of  hanishmi'iit,  was  forc<'(l  to  take  passage  fi)r  l'<ngland  at  .\, 
York  in  a  I)ut(di  ship,  iiy  way  of  Holland ;  and  this  was  the  reason  of  las 
heifig  there  in  the  time  of  this  war. 

Hi't'ire  this  war  was  ii.ought  to  a  (dose,  Ca]»taiii  Underhill,  with  his  coin|)miy 
of  Dulidi  and  Knglish,  killed  ahont  .'U)0  Indians  on  the  main,  and  1*20  more  (in 
Long  Island.  The  Dutidi  governor's  employing  the  English  was  cliari;.'il 
upon  liim  as  a  "plot"  to  engage  the  Knglish  in  his  quarrel  with  the  Indimis; 
"  whlidi,"  says  Winlhrop,\  "we  had  wholly  declined,  as  douhting  of  the  JMstici! 
of  til'"  cause." 

It  was  ahout  the  beginning  of  this  Avar,  Sejit.  M\A'-\  that  "the  Indians  kilh'd 
nud  drove  away  all  th"  I'iUglish"  on  the  coast,  from  iManhattan  to  Stamlind, 
the  extent  of  the  Dutch  claim  to  the  eastward.  They  then  |)assi'(l  over  "tn 
Long  Island,  and  there  assaulted  the  \/m\\ Mnodcy  in  her  house  divers  times;" 
but  she,  having  ahout  40  men  at  her  |»lace  at  that  time,  was  able  to  deliiul 
b(>rs  It".  "These  Indians  at  the  same  time,"  continues  //'i';i//(/'o/j, t  "set  ii]Hm 
the  Dutidi  with  an  implacid)le  fury,  and  killed  all  they  could  come  hy,  aiil 
burnt  their  houses,  ancl  killed  their  cattle  without  any  resistance,  so  as  the 
governor  and  such  as  escaped,  betook  themselves  to  their  fort  at  Moidiatoii, 
und  ill  re  lived  and  eat  ii|)  their  cattle." 

Among  the  English  people  who  were  miu'dered  when  this  war  be<;aii,  ww* 
a^lis.  .7/01  /fi(/'7ii'/i«o?(,  from  whom  was  descended  the  historian  of  iMafisa- 
ehiis  tts.  She,  having  given  ofTenc(!  to  the  Puritans  of  the  Hay  state,  (;i3 
Massatdiusetts  was  then  called,)  by  her  peeidiar  ndigiou;-  notions,  to  nviiiii 


fii;;.  IV.J 

j)i  rs.'Siitiiiu,  ll 

l^i,)|l^,  not    liir 

broke  lip  till' 

thi.-.  woiiij.n,  iv 

ccpt  one  daugi 

of  two  other 

all  1(1  pi'rsoi,.- 

liii'iM  (111  lire  a 

111(1(1/  ;it  this  ti 

was  acting,  in 

tJK  heat's cre\v 

jicepl '.     The 

when  she  was 

lirrtdlier  ti-ieii 

to  lie  taken  fro 

getleii,  sent  a 

to  get   se\eral 

iiiliiriiied  their 

girl   was  d(div 

arcerdiiigly  re 

Notuitlistam 

yet  it  was  ol"sii 

laid  Iiid  ill  its  o 

'flic  series  of  l: 

my  i-esiar(dies, 

giiiiiaiy  haltle  a 

York,  ahout  'M 

net  known,  noi 

tiic  ciirioiis  tra\ 

'I'd  return  to 

We  hear  lilth 

the  XaiTaganset 

time  (ililiged  Ui 

'I'liis  alliiir  pn 

given  ail  the  pa 

iiy  a  letter  from 

tlie  time,  that  tl 

had  liccii  severe 

"I,  with  your 

dressed  seventer 

wiiimded  in  Un 

cue  (•(iininon  so 

and  one  coinmoi 

lilllli'Is.      Ultras  I 

won  them  the  di 

llii'ces  out  hy  a  ' 

liiisli,  who  piirsi 

loiigiit  vario  mari 

til.'  Xarragansets 

(iwii  play.     The 

1/  /('Yw'  men]  lie 

>':r.  whatever  in 

iir.iNe  the  contra 

(i;:e  Tnnlhiidesor 

.^tuntinomio,     S( 

'!'iiiil:(jineso7}^s  wl 

rladiigh  the  coat 

liipe  could  be  li! 

••The  English 

I  i  ,1  to  h/  swallo 


IMittliiop's  Journal  ii.  8. 


t  Ibid.  ii.  137. 


t  Ibid.  ii.  \M. 


fill 


IV.] 


iiuliictcd  witli 

<iiii:li'  iiiiinlir, 

iiiiin!;Ti  1-  wiis 

Ic  Wiiivcil  ilr 
^  to  l>lll>llc  liir 
(MH'd     lllilt    till' 

I  tiic  rest  tlril 
ell  fli('ins('l\(s, 
'Ives  on  iliisc 
.-<  rr|)ort!'(l  that 
till-  fiiiiscin  111' 
iig  imdfr  tlii.t 

,    WOllK'll,    illlil 

nn  the  Iiiiliiihs 
111(1,  willi  siicli 
ore,  hftiirc  the 
iMCiitis,  iiiii)  the 
rhill,  liowcviT, 
'  others  of  the 
11(1,  I'ortiiiiJitcly, 
hose  iiicd'mtidii 
is  MaritK,,  w  ho 
accoiiiit  of  hi< 
lis  liti'  on  thi! 
I  turned  asidi' 
it  of  Marim'x 
tlie  !fovt'riior\ 
tiiid  tlirlliwiili 

Olljril    \.    I'.lli;- 

Hiii,d!Uid  iit  .\. 
rciisoii  of  his 

li  his  coinimny 

d  1*20  niori'  on 

wjis  cliiifiii'tl 

1  the  Indians; 

of  the  justici! 

Indians  killiul 

to  StJiniliini, 

issi'd  over  "to 

ivers  tilings;" 

ili!t>  to  dt't'iiul 

)/),  I  "set  iiliiMi 

come  liy,  Mill 

ice,  so  iix  the 

Jit  iMoiiliaton, 


V 


IS.'SlitMll, 


M.MCiKCT.— MOIIEGAN   WAR. 

tl,  d  first  to  Ithodo  Ishuid,  iiiid  fillerutirds  io  the  Diiicli   p 


on 


t^iilll." 


iiut  tiir  heyoiid   Stninliird.     'J'h 


IS     Wil.- 


in    U>\i.     Wiien  the  Iiidians 


l)^oi^e  111' 
llii,.  \v(»iii;.ii,  iv 


the  sitiieiiieiits  tliere,  in   i^e|)t.  I(i-|:},  tiiej   liii   n|>oii   the  liimily  of 
iih'd  h  r,  ii  Air.  Collins,  \irv  son-iii-hnv,  tuid  idl  iiir  liimilv  e.\- 


(•r|il  11)11'  ( 

<il"  nvo  ot 


laiiLdiIrr  eiiilit  years  old,  whom  tiiey  earned  into  captivity,  and  such 
her   liimilies,    Tltrodi morion  and    ('(irnhiirn,  as  were   at    liomc 


111 

ill!  H>  persons.  'I'hey  tiieii  collected  tlieir  ctitlle  into  tiie  houses  and  set 
llii'in  III!  tire  and  Itiirned  them  alive!  A  jrreater  siaii<;hter  would  have  heen 
iiiiid  •  iit  this  tiiiK^  and  place,  hut  ibr  the  arrival  of  ii  lioat  w  hile  the  tra;:eiiy 
u,is  ai'fiiiLS  into  which  severtd  women  and  ciiildreii  escaped.  Hut  two  of 
ill.  jii.at's crew  wen-  killed  in  iheir  hiimiiiie  exertions  to  stive  these  distressed 
pciinj '.  'J'he  (hniuhler  of  Mrs.  Hiitrlilnson  I'emtiined  ti  jirisoiier  four  years, 
v.ia'ii  she  \V!is  delivered  to  the  Dutch  iroveriior  at  \ew  ^■ork,  wlio  restored 
inrto  her  frieiid.s.  She  laid  tiirirotteii  her  iiiitive  lan,i;nai:e,  and  w;:s  ninviliini,' 
to  1)1'  taken  from  the  indian.s.  'J'liis  <rovernor,  with  a  kindness  not  to  he  (iir- 
iretteii,  sent  !t  vos.sel  into  (Connecticut  Itiver,  where  its  ctiptaiii  contrived 
to  i^ct  se\eral  I'eipiots  on  lioard,  whom  he  secured  :is  pris(<iiers.  He  then 
iiileniied  their  friends,  that  th.-y  would  not  he  S't  ;it  liherty  until  the  ctijitive 
•'ill  "as  d(di\'ered  to  him.  This  hiul  tin;  desired  etlt'<'t,  imd  sIk^  wjis 
ai'conliiiidy  rescued. 

.N'otwith.^tandin^' a  peace  wtis  l»roii!j:ht  iihoiit  in  the  manner  lieiln-e  sttited, 
V(  t  it  was  ol'short  dui.-ition,  iind  the  sparks  (d'wtir  which  had  Uirti  short  time 
laid  hid  in  its  own  embers,  'ajis  liy  sordid  spirits  iiiiiiied  ai^ain  into  ;i  titinii;. 
'flic  series  of  murdei'ons  acts  which  fidiowcd,  tire  now  here  r<'corded  within 
in\  researches,  hut  tin  end  wiis  not  put  to  it  until  Kiltl.  It  ended  in  ti  stin- 
<'iiiiiar\'  hattle  tit  Strickliind's  Plain,  near  wli.it  is  since  Horse  \eck  in  Xcw 
Yerk,  aliout  ',i7  miles  lidiii  the  city.  The  immhirs  eni;":if.''ed  on  etich  side  aro 
nut  known,  nor  the  iiumliurs  slain,  hut  tlieir  graves  arc  still  jxiintod  out  to 
the  curious  traveller. 
'I'd  return  to  our  more  immediate  suhjert. 

Wr  hear  little  ntWinienl  until  iifter  tiie  death  of.Mtftnfumiomoh.  In  ir)44, 
the  Xarraiiansets  iind  Niiinticks  united  ii^itiinst  the  .Molie;;ans,  tiiid  for  some 
time  (ihliji'ed  Unca.i  to  confine  himself  and  men  to  his  fort. 

This  alliiir  prohahly  took  place  (>iudy  in  the  spriiij.',  iind  we  liiive  elsewhere 
sriveii  all  the  particulars  id' it,  holli  iiutheiitic  and  tniditioiiiiry.  It  appetirs, 
iiy  a  letter  from  Tfn).  Pttcr.i,  jiddressed  to  (Jovernor  jyinihrop,  written  about 
the  time,  tlitit  there  had  been  some  hard  li^litiiiir;  and  that  the  Mohegans 
jiad  heen  severely  beaten  by  tiie  Xiirnigansets.     IVlr.  Peters  writes: — 

''I,  with  your  son,  [John  Wmllirop  of  (/'on.,]  were  at  Uncus'  Ibrt,  where  1 
dressed  seventeen  men,  iind  left  phisters  to  dniss  seventeen  more,  who  were 
wniinded  in  linens''  brother's  wijiwam  before  we  came.  Two  captiiins  and 
one  coinnion  soldier  were  buiied,  and  since;  we  ciiiiie  thence  tw(»  c;iptiiins 
iuid  one  comnion  nuiii  more,  iire  dead  iilso,  most  of  wiiieli  are  wounded  with 
hiilji'ls.  Uncus  anil  his  iirother  tolil  me,  the  Narriigiiiisets  laid  .50  guns  wliieli 
won  tlieni  the  day,  else  would  not  cure  a  rush  for  them.  They  dreN\'  Uncos' 
tiirces  out  by  ii  wile,  of  40  iippearing  only,  but  a  thousand  [lay  hid]  in  am- 
iiiisli,  who  i»nrsued  Uncus'  men  into  their  own  land,  where  the  battle  was 
loii,i>lit  vario  marie,  till  God  put  fresh  spirit  into  the  Moheagiies,  trnd  so  drave 
liii' .Viirragansets  back  again."  So  it  seems  tluit  Unras  luid  been  taken  in  his 
own  pliiy.  Tlie  letter  goes  on: — "'Twoiild  pity  your  hearts  to  see  tlieni 
[/■/('Yw'  men]  lie,  like  so  many  new  circumcised  Secheinites,  in  their  blood. 
r"ir.  whatever  intbrniiition  yon  liiive,  I  dare  luddly  say,  the  Narriigiiiisets  first 
iii'iik 
one 


T'wt 


e  the  contriict  they  miido  with  the  English  liist  yciu*,  lor  I  lieljied  to  ciin 
Tanliijtiicson,  a  3Iolieagne  captain,  who  first  fingered   [laid  hiiiids  on] 


niomio. 


?ome  cimning   sqiniws 


if  N; 


irrairans( 


t   led  two  of  them  to 


'!'(inl.'iiiilcsun\i  wiywam,  wiiere,  in  the  iiiifht,  tln'V  struck  him  on  the  breast 


Moieli  the  coiit  with  an  liiitehet,  and  had  he  not  fenced  it  with  his  arm,  no 

Mnlhcr,\  "  not  to  suffer 


iinpe  could  be  had  of  his  liti-,"  &c, 

"The  Mnglish  thought  it  theirconceri 
J:i!.i  to  hi.'  swallowed  nj)  by  those  iulversaries,  since  lie  had,  (tiiougii  for  ids 


SilVS 


Dr. 


It'iiUhrop's  Jour.  ii.  380,  381. 


t  Relation,  58. 


I  1  "< 
r 


h\W^^^-(^ 


t:A 


>rc-' 


i 


70 


NINIGRET— NAURA(iANSET  WAR. 


fMouK 


own  (•M(1^,)  fi|>;M-()V('il  liimsclf  liiitlifnl  to  tlic  f'-rifrlisli  I'ntiii  time  to  tiinr."  \, 
nrmy  was  ticcordiimly  raised  tin'  the  celief  of  I'lini.i.  "  Hiit  as  tlie\  ui,,, 
jii:  I  iii.'ircliiiiii'  out  (if  Hostoii,  many  oftlie  |>rinei|ial  NaiTa^anset  ln(iiaii>,  s^/ 
J'rsscriis,  Mixiino,  *  anil  llilairtisli,  sajzanioies,  anil  .iir(i.ir<iuin,  (le|inly  li>i'  ii 
Nianlicks;  tlnse,  with  a  larire  train,  eanie  t<i  Uoston,  sninir  tor  |ii'aee,  In  j, 
wiMinj.'  to  siilimit  to  what  terms  the  llnylisii  should  see  cause  to  iia;  i.. 
ti|iiin  them.  It  was  ilemandetl  oC  them,  that  they  slionid  dctray  the  riiMi.,, 
they  iiad  put  die  I'lifflish  to, f  and  that  thi'  sachems  slioidd  semi  theii'.Mi;. 
to  lie  kept  as  liostajies  in  the  hands  of  the  l",nj.'lish,  nntil  snch  time  ;i-  ii, 
money  ^lionid  he  paid."  AHer  remarkiiiir  that  (i'om  this  time  the  i\arriii;,iii. 
sets  harliored  venom  in  their  In  arts  ajrainst  the  Kniilish,  Mr.  Mtillid-  |i|i,. 
C(;t'ds ; — "In  the  first  place,  they  endeavored  to  play  lii^criliindhi  in  tliij, 
feiidinj.'  hostafres;  fiir,  instead  of  sachems'  children,  they  thoiiLdit  to  >i  i ,! 
Home  other,  and  to  make  the  l']njrlisli  lielieAC  that  those  hase  piipoosiK  \\,| 
ot'a  royal  pro;i'eiiy  ;  hut  they  had  those  to  deal  with,  who  were  too  wise  to !« 
so  eluded.  Atler  the  expecti'd  hosta;.'es  were  in  tlie  hands  of  the  l'.iii;li..ii, 
the  \arraj:ansets,  iiofwithstandin;;'  that,  werc^  slow  in  the  performance  df 
vviiat  they  stood  enirajri'd  liir.  And  when,  upon  an  impartial  discharirc  nf 
the  debt,  their  hostajres  w'(ir(?  restored  to  them,  they  became  more  liackwiml 
than  formerly,  until  they  were,  by  hostile  prejiarations,  ajrain  and  wjuln 
terrified  into  l)etter  obedience.  At  last,  ("apt.  .///ipWoji,  of  l)(»rchester,  \\,i. 
sent  with  a  small  party  f  of  "20  l',n<rlish  soldiers  to  demand  what  wasdn. 
lie  at  fn"st  entei-ed  into  the  w  ijrwam,  where  old  ,Viiiii!;nl  resided,  \\itli  (ii,|v 
two  or  three  soldiers,  ap|iointiu^'  the  rest  by  de^'r«'es  to  liillow  him,  twdiir 
three  droppin^r  in  at  once;  when  his  small  company  were  come  abotit  liinMlii 
Indians  in  the  mean  time  supposinir  that  there  had  been  many  more  hcliim!, 
he  eau'dit  the  sachi'in  by  the  hair  of'  his  head,  and  settinjjr  a  jiistol  id  \,\< 
breast,  prf)testinjf  whoever  escaped  be  should  surely  die,  if  he  did  not  faiil,. 
^vitll  cojuply  with  what  was  reijuired.  Hereupon  a  frrcN'it  trendilini:  hihI 
consternation  sin-prised  the  Indians;  albeit,  multitudes  of  them  wire  tlni, 
jiresent,  with  spiked  arrows  at  their  bow-strinifs  ready  to  let  fly.  The  cviiii 
was,  the  Indians  submitted,  and  not  one  drop  of  blood  was  she(l."§  Tiiis, it 
iiiiist  be  confessed,  was  a  hifrh-lianded  proceediiifr. 

"Some  sjtace  after  that,  .Vitilijcrit  was  raising  new  trouble  against  \\ 
amongst  his  IS'ianticks  and  other  indiaiis ;  but  upon  the  speedy  sendinir  iiji 
of  ('apt.  /A/ci'.9,  with  a  |)arly  of  horse  to  reduce  him  to  tin;  former  ]M'ii(i', 
who,  niton  the  news  of  the.  captain's  iiitiiroacli,  was  ])nt  into  such  a  piinif 
fear,  that  he  durst  not  come  out  of  his  wigwam  to  treat  with  the  captain,  in! 
.secured  of  his  lifli  l)y  him,  which  he  was,  if  ho  ipiietly  yielded  to  his  messfiL-i, 
about  w hich  he  was  sent  from  the  Hay.  To  which  Iw  freely  consenting,  iIm; 
storm  was  graciously  blown  over."  || 

Thus  having,  through  these  extracts,  Hiimmarily  glanced  at  some  proniiiiru 
passages  ill  the  lifi'  of  .Vniiif/rf,  we  will  now  go  more  into  imrticuiars. 

The  case  of  the  Narragansets,  at  the  period  of  the  treaty  belitre  spoken  m'. 
had  bi'cume  rather  desperate  ;  two  years  having  passed  since  they  agreed  !>  ■ 
pay  :'(',{)()  fathom  of  "good  white  waminim,"  as  a  remuneration  liir  tli- 
trouble  and  damagi^  they  had  caused  the  llnglish  and  Mohegans,  anil  ilm 
were  now  jiressed  to  fiillil  their  engagements.  A'm/ir/T/,  then  called  Jdmin 
was  nor,  at  Moston  at  that  time,  hut  .lumstutqticn  was  liis  deputy,  and  siiiiml 
the  treaty  then  made,  with  Pessncus  and  others.  At  their  meeting,  in  .liih. 
1(J47,  Pessacus  and  others,  chiefs  of  tlio  Narragansets  and  Nianticks,  win 

*  'J'lic  editor  of  Jiilitison's  WoiKJor-workiiij;-  I'rnviilciice,  in  Co'/.  Mass.  Hist.  Sor.  nuiki-a 
prccil  niislMki'  in  nolinj;'  lliis  rliii'C  as  AlidiiliiniKi'iiuli.  Mnksai.,  Miraniio,  Mi-itn.  \c..;tti 
iiciint's  dl'ilK'  saino  ijcrson,  wild  was  I  In;  iddcsl  .-.dii  of  Cuiioiiiciu,  A  Her  tlio  dcalli  ofliis  Iniliif. 
he  was  cliiil'  s:iclieiii  of  llid  Narraganscls,  lie  married  a  sister  of  Nbiiirrft,  wlio  was  "a 
woman  of  yrcat  power,"  and  no  oilier  llian  llie  I'ainons  Qiuildfifii.  at  one  lime  called  Mtliin- 
iuc/:.  Ironi  uliicli.  prolialily,  wa.s  derived  Miintiiis.  ]'y  some  writers  mislakiiif;  liiiii  for  Mi<'»- 
tiiTiiKniKili,  an  ernir  has  spread,  llial  lias  occasioned  iniicii  contusion  in  ucconnts  ol'  their  j^iiif 
alogy. 

t  A  yearly  IriluHe  in  wanipnni  was  agreed  upon.  Manuscripl  Narrative  of  the  Iluv.  T 
Cohlfl,  wlii(  h  places  the  affair  in  Kilo. 

\  iNIS.  doennieiit  amoiijr  our  slatn  papr-.rs. 

\  Reiuiiou  ol'  the  Troubles,  &.C.,  4lo,  IG77.  ||  Cobbet's  MS.  Narrative. 


rii.*p.  iv.) 

•jeiit  III  by  tl 

llciiig  warn 

tjirr  into  tro 

draw  lip,  Ii' 

leave  all  the 

and  we  slial 

iiii.-sioiicrs,  ! 

".\iigiist  .' 

,ti'  l'r.^siiik\i 

fidiii  I'eipiat 

iiiis.siiiiiers  a 

(111  the  lielial 

only  fur  him 

s|idke  with  / 

lillil  nut   beei 

fi-oiii  .Mr.  //■/ 

Jnuild  hroiii 

;|     "it  a|ipe;ireil 

'2     in  l'(.s.wrk\i  < 

to  stain  I  to 

ceedeil  In  del 

ciiveiiaiit  had 

dill  lint  know 

liis  deputy  e\ 

J    try.  anil  his 

I    all  tiiiii's  read 

$     "There  coiili 

f        .Vinii^nt  in 

wampum ?     I 

.    sinners  then 

i    messengers,  a 

;•    that  lie  knew 

^    llartllird,  hilt 

that  if  the  \]\\ 

kill  tlieiii  mill  t 

.\V»ig/v/  did  11 

their  iiie.ssi'iigi 

I         III  (i.'der  to  ' 

or  \\  islieil  the 

lie  iiiiglil  kiio 

tliey  had  rece 

wards  some  hi 

some,  was  refii 

gers  had  souk 

,    paiind.      Thei 

might  lie  led  tc 

'i'/.f     Of  the  1 

,    prohahly  to  del 

Jill  Kiiglishman 

set  liiiliaii." 

.Viniisnt  sail 
waiiipiini  (lid  li 
the  gooii.s,"  and 
rniiiniissioners 
'  kettles  and  wa 
iiitlifini,  [in  all,] 
and  tlmiigh  thi 
governor,  they 


*  Siirii://'/  Sh'iin 

situated  in  lioslon, 

t  Heucc  '!£.  is. 


Im 


[Book  II 

ic  to  time."    .\i, 

lit    IIS    tlll'V  \\i|,. 

isi't  lii(li;iii>,  \;/ 

1,  (lc|»iiiv  liii-  r 

)(ir  |)c;ici',  III  II 
•misc  to  iiii;ii  c 
Cray  tin-  rli;ii.,, 
scud  tlit'ir  Mil- 
siicli  tinic  ;is  i!,, 
IC  llic  NiiiTii;:,,!;. 
Mr.  .Mtilhir  |iii . 
rdcnuiiv  in  tlm; 
tlioiiii'iit  to  si'mI 

SC    yiipOOKVK  Wllr 

Tc  loo  wise  lii!ii 

S   Ot'   tilC    1'lll.li'ii. 

|ici't()i'iMiin( I 

tial  «iiscliiir;r|.  i,|' 
i>  more  iiack\Mi!i| 
a^Miii    aii<l  aL'i:i!i 

|)or('licstcr,  \\;i, 
1(1  \vliat  WHS  (liiH, 
•csided,  with  iiiilv 
)11()W  liiiii,  IwiM.r 
liic  altoiit  liiiiMlii 
any  more  lieliim!, 
ii;jf  a  |)istol  Id  III- 
'  lie  did  not  I'erll,- 
at  trcnd)lin^  iiiiil 
i"  tlicm  were  llnii 
I't  tlv.     'I'Ih'  evdii 

slicd."§     Tlii<,ii 

oidiic  against  n-. 
•cdy  scndiiiir  ii]) 
\{\  IbriiKT  iieiiri', 
ito  snrli  a  iiiiiik 
tlm  captsiiii,  till 
to  Ids  inessiip', 

COllHC'lltillg,  tllllt 

some  proniiiici;! 
irtii'ulars. 
Ii('t()rc  siKikeii  ti  i 
;'u  tlicy  aL'Tceil  h  I 
iicratinn   i()i'  tli 
icfrans,  and  tin; 
•n  called  Jitmni'i. 
mty,  and  sijiimi 
inc'etinfr,  in  .liih.  \ 
Niaiiticks,  wiit 


Hist.  Kor.  niakisa 

lino,  Mi-ikn,  \-c..iire 

RMlciillioI'lii-^liilliit. 

iii'Xi'i't,  y<\w  ^^'''^  "' 
e  iliiK?  called  .lAi'-"i- 
iikinn  liim  li'r  -"i""- 
(•0U111.S  of  llii-'ir  gi'iK- 

rativc  of  the  Ilcv.  T 


Narrative. 


Chap.  IV] 


NINIOHF-T.— MOIIKOA N  C )NTROVnri.^ V. 


Tl 


■  Knfflisli 


Ik-  i; 


d  in  the  liC'uf  A' 


,1.W(/,?. 

I!,  iiii'  wai-netl  to  comk?  to  IJosloii,  Piftmuun,  not  lieing  uiiliiig  to  <ii'{  ai;\  lin-- 
tl'iiT  hilotronlilc  l>y  licing  obliged  to  sign  whatever  articles  the  lOnglisli  miirlit 
(li'aw  nil,  tiigned  himsell' sick,  and  told  the  messengers  he  had  agreed  to 
jrjm'fiil  the  linsiness  to  .W/t/ir/'''-  'I'his  seems  to  ha\e  heeii  well  imder.-lood, 
•iiiil  we  shall  next  see  svilli  what  grace  .Viiii^rd  acli'd  his  part  with  the  cmii- 
iiiissiniiers,  at  liosloii.     Their  record  rims  thus : — 

»  \iiL'iisl  Md,  [1<>I7,]  .Vinc^nilf,  with  some  orihe  \yantick  Indians  and  t\v«) 
A'  I'lssdcli'n  men,  cami^  to  Hostoii,  and  desiring  Air.  Jalni  li'inHirop,  that  came 
(idiii  i'eipiatt  plantation,  iiiiirht  he  |treseiit,  they  were  admitted.  Tlie  ce:ii- 
iiiissiniiers  asked  \hu'i;r(ill  liir  nvIioiii  he  came,  whilher  as  a  piihlick  person 
(111  till-  heliair  of  l'(:<i.i(trk\t  and  the  rest  of  the  Narragansets'  coiiti'derales,  or 
oiilv  for  liinisell'as  a  particular  sagamore?  He  at  first  answered  that  he  had 
siiokewilli  I'lssiirl,;  Itiit  had  no  such  commission  li'om  him;"  and  said  ih'  re 
liiiil  nut  heeii  so  good  ail  imderstaiidiiig  lietweeii  tli(!m  as  lie  desired  ;  lint, 
liiiiii  Mr.  lyinlltrnji'a  tesliiiioiiy,  and  the  answer  This.  Simitoii  and  /{nmUrt 
Irniild  hroiiirlit  from  I'cs.snrus,  and  also  the  testimony  ol"  I'cssurns^  two  men, 
'•it  apne.'ired  to  the  ( (immissioners  that  whatever  rormality  might  he  wiinling 
ill  /V.M«fA''.?  expressions  to  ^Vincf^nttt,  yet  I'vssiirk  had  liilly  engaged  liimsel!' 
to  stand  to  whatsoever  AY/irg-/v(//  should  conclude."  'riieretlire  they  pro- 
(•(Tilc<l  to  demand  of  him  why  the  wampiim  had  not  lieeii  paid,  and  mIiv  the 
(•(iveiiaiit  had  not  hetm  olisi'rv(!d  in  other  particular-'.  . \ V/nifn 7  pretended  Ik! 
dill  iKil  know  what  covenants  had  lieen  made,  lie,  \w:s  ilnii  reminded  ihat 
his  (IcjMity  executed  the  covenant,  and  that  a  eo|>y  was  carried  into  his  enim- 
trv.  and  his  ignorance  of  il  was  no  excuse  (iir  him,  (iir  .Mr.  ftllUdins  was  at 
all  times  ready  to  explain  it,  if  he  iiad  taken  the  )iaiiis  to  reipiest  it  of  him. 
'•'I'liere  could,  tlieret'ore,  he  i>'.,  truth  in  his  answere." 

\iniarit  next  demanded,  " /'o/*  /(•//(//  art- I  lie  ,Viiir(ii!:iinfirl.t  to  pni/ no  miirh 
U'ltmintm!  I  know  not  llial  thfi/ nrr  iii'lchlcil  to  ttnEntilh-li ! ''^  The  eomiiiis- 
sjiiiiers  then  repi'ated  the  old  charges — ihr  hreaeli  of  covenant,  ill  treiiting 
iiM'ssi'iigers,  and  what  he  had  said  himself  to  the  l''iiglisli  messengers,  namely, 
that  he  knew  the  lOnglish  would  try  to  bring  ahoiit  a  peace  at  their  meeting  at 
llarltiinl,  hnt  he  was  n  solved  on  war,  nor  wciiild  lit  impiire  who  Ik  gaii  it — 
that  i(' the  l'',iiglisli  did  not  withdraw  their  men  li'oni  assisting  Unras,  he  would 
kill  tlieinnnd  their  cattle,  t!v:c.  According  to  the  records  of  the  commissioners, 
XiniuTit  did  not  deny  these  charges  with  a  very  good  liice.  lie  saiil,  however, 
flieir  iiiessi'iigers  provoked  him  to  say  what  he  did. 

Ill  ii.-(ler  to  waive  the  criminating  discourse,  .Yitiifrrct  called  iiir  documents; 
or  wished  the  l''iiglisli  to  make  a  statement  of  their  accoiiiit  against  him,  that 
lip  iiiiglil  know  "  how  the  n ckoninge  sIikkI."  The  llnglisli  answered,  that 
tlicy  had  received  of  Pcs.tiii-iis,  \7()  J'lttliom  of  witiii/iiim  at  oik^  tiiiii-: — Atier- 
wards  some  hilllcs  and  alioiit  \'t  Jhllioin  ;(io;t,  "  which  heinge  a  ronii niplililc. 
MHic,  was  refused."  As  to  the  k(tt!es,  tluy  said,  "The  .\arragansrt  imssen- 
gers  had  soiild  them  to  Mr.  Shriinjitun,-  a  hrasier  in  Hostoii,"  (iir  a  shilling  a 
pound.  Their  weight  was  'il-*.")  //a*.,  (not  altogiitlier  so  (onl(miililil(  as  oiio 
might  he  led  to  imagine,)  which  came  to  1  IC.  "w.,  and  the  wampimi  to  IC.  \s. 
(ii/.f  Of  the  anioimt  in  Mr.  Sliriiiii>ton\s  hands,  the  niessengers  tnok  up  l£. 
Iirolialily  to  deti-ay  their  necessary  ex|)eiises  while  at  IJoston.  The  r( mainder 
iiii  r.iiglisliman  attach, d  to  satisfy  "for  goods  stolleii  from  liiiii  hy  a  Narragnii- 
sct  Indiuii." 

A'nii»T(<  said  the  attachment  was  not  valid,  "for  that  iieitiior  tlio  kettles  nor 
wampiini  did  helonge  to  l'issitil{s  himself,  nor  to  the  Indian  that  had  stollen 
tiie  goods,"  and  therefore  must  he  deihicted  frdiii  the  amount  now  due.  "The 
pominissioners  thought  it  not  fit  to  jiress  the  atta(dinient,"  hut  reckoned  tlio 
kettles  and  wampniu  at  70  fathom,  and  acknowledged  the  receipt  of  'MO 
liillioiii,  [ill  all,]  Itesides  a  fiarcel  sent  l)y  JVinigret  liinisidf  to  the  governor; 
and  tlioiigli  this  Wiis  sent  as  a  present,  yet,  as  it  was  not  accepted  liy  tlio 
governor,  they  leil  it  to  AO'/ifgcet  to  say  whether  it  should  hi;  now  so  coii- 

*  >'i/m;/f/  Shiiiiptnn.  ))rol)al>ly.  wlio  liiiiiglil  ii  lioiisi"  and  lands  of  Ephraim  Tnrri'r,  hrasicr, 
situaUMl  in  Moslon,  in  U)?!. 
t  Hciicc  4£.  'U.  G(/.  -^  15  =  5s.  7 )^d.  =  value  of  a  fathom  of  wampum  in  lGt7. 


h 


I 


r-^^: 

K'.    ',■ 

■■%■■■ 

Mjt .:: 

44^ 

^d^'> 

^X7  \ 


m 

a*viT,i 


-rt 


u 


-•'*>a 

n 

",'  '■  1 

PI 

Ur     ^  '    1 

4-M 

4  j;J 

Im 

Wif 

t#  ■is," 


MNinnrT— MoHRfSAN  roNTRovnusY. 


[n 


I'liK 


sidcnvl,  or  wli.'llicr  it  -Iioiild  lie  fiikni  in  |i;iyiri(iit  (it'  tin'  ili'ht.  .Yiniirrd  ,,;| 
til'-  p>v-  riKir  ^lullll(l  til)  (IS  Ik-  |iI('ii>^i(I  tilidiit  it.  It  wis  llirn  iiii|iiiri'i|  !,(,,. 
iinicli  111'  Irul  H'lit ;  (if  liciiifj  (l<'|i(isitc(l  \\i  ('iitsliiiinol,!ii\i  \in\\t\t*,  uh  \\v  \],^ 
"Is"V,li(  re  stnti'il;)  he  saiil  lie  liiid  srtit  MO  liitlMiiii  <i|"  Murk,  iiii'l  I.')  of  u'lit"',  Jn 
\'i!iic  t'l^riiiicr  Id.")  liitliiim.  ('ulnliitinnliin  \\^\fi  sent  liir  to  siiilc  wlmf  lir  jiiul 
rri'iivcil  ill  trii^t,     lie  li!,:l  produced  two  ^rirdli' 


'with  !i  siriii:,'  <il'  wnn 


i|iiiiii. 


all  vhii'li  liiiiisi'lf  niti'd  at  l.l  liitlMHii,  alliniiiii^'  he  liiid  ri'i-civcd  no  iikh,. 
f'XiTDt  K».  wliirli  he  had  iisrd,  and  would  ripay."  He  was  liroiijrlit  lictlip! 
.Yhii'Xrcl  aii<l  <ni«'stioii('d,  as  tlicrc  apiicarcd  a  jrrr'it  liiUl'i-i  iicc  in  ilicii.  .i,,. 
coiiiits.  "lie  at  lifst  |>('rsist(  d,"  says  our  record,  "and  addi'il  to  Ids  lyis.lni; 
was  at  last  co)i\iiiced  [coiilroiited]  liy  .N'nn'uvvY,  and  Ids  nirssenjrers  who  ilnn 
hroiitrht  the  present,  and  I lesides  f'i(/.s7KoyK>A'i;/  had  sent  him  at  the  sanr  in.,,. 
10  t'lllioni  as  a  present  also."  [f  still  remained  to  he  settled,  wiiethir  tlii* 
U'am|iiiin  should  Ix^  received  as  a  part  ol'  ihe  delit,  or  as  a  present ;  nud 
jViuifrnt  wns  in"^<'d  to  say  how  it  should  ho.  With  jrreat  inif^naniniity  \v 
answered: — 

".1(//  tuiiffiw  slidll  niif  hrlic  )»>/  hmrt.  If  hither  the  debt  be  pniif  or  nnt,  ;  l„. 
tcndcl  it  (IS  (I  inrsfiil  to  the  ^:<>rcni<tr." 

It  is  unpleasant  to  crtntrast  the  characters  of  ihe  two  cliiei's,  CulshmiKiliii) 
and  .VInlixrd,  Itecanse  the  ((inner  had  lonji'  had  the  iiflv((iit/i!xe  of  a  civili/n] 
Iiei.iihiioihood,  and  the  latter  was  iVoni  the  depths  of  the  forest,  wheri'  lie  siiw 
nil  Mn^ilishnian  hut  seldom.  We  could  .say  iiiiich  upon  it;  hnt,  as  ii  i< 
ihoniihl  liy  many  that  such  disrpiisitioiis  are  improtitahle,  we  decline  jrniiii' 
into  them  here. 

What  we  !ia\('  related  seems  to  lia\(' finished  the  hiisiness  of  the  day, and 
donhtless  the  shades  of  nij;lit  were  very  welcome  to  ('iitshnmokln,  'l"he  mvt 
day,  J\^{vi<cret  came  into  court,  with  the  de|)nties  ol"  Pessactts,  and  spoke  toilie 
followinjj  eU'ect : — 

"  |{:|i>re  [  ('.imp  lierr  I  PX|»ected  the  hiudeii  had  Iieeii  thrown  iipen  nv, 
Pcssacim  not  ha\in^  done  what  he  a^'reed  to  do.  However,  I  have  consiiJnMl 
ii|)oii  ihe  treaty  .-if  1(!4."),  and  am  resoJM'd  to  >ii\('  the  I'lnjflish  s.itistiictidii  in 
all  thiiif,'s.  I  will  send  soiiio  of  my  iiieii  immediately  to  Narraiiansct  iiiid 
Niaiitick,  to  raise  the  wampum  now  due  to  them,  and  hope  to  hear  what  tlnv 
will  do  in  throe  days.  In  ten  days  I  think  the  waiiipnm  will  arri\e,  jiinll 
will  st.iy  here  niitil  it  conies.  I  will  tell  this  to  tlie  Narrajranset  confediiatc*. 
IJiit  if  Iherc!  should  not  enoiii:h  at  this  time  he  raised,  I  desire  some  tininar. 
aiice  as  to  time,  as  I  assure  yon  lli;it  ihe  remaindi  r  shall  ho  shortly  paiil,  and 
you  shall  see  me  true  to  the  I!iijrlisli,  heiiceforlh." 

This  speech  ;iave  the  commissioners  great  satisfaction,  and  thoy  proccciled 


to  other  hiisii 


less. 


Th 


iiessenacrs  sent  out  hv 


^''Iniirret  did  not  return   sf)  soon  as  \\;is 
('  was  i;i\en   of  their  arrival;    .-; 


pocted ;  hut,  on  the  l()  Ain:iist,  noti( 
however,  lo  the  disapp(3iiitment  ot' the  commi.<sioneis,  for  they  hrouiilit  en y 
'200  liilhom  of  wampum.  'I'he  feelinirs  of  the  court  wore  somewhat  chanirMl, 
and  th  y  rather  sternly  demanded  ''what  the  reason  was,  that,  so  niuch  In  iii' 
due,  so  little  was  hrouoht,  and  from  whom  this  '200  fathom  came."  AV*i/ifc./ 
answered  t!i;it  he  wt.s  disap))ointed  that  more  had  not  !)oon  hroiijiht,  hiil 
if  h 


:.l 


lia( 


1  I 


leen  -It  homo,  more  would   havi;  leeii  ohtaiiietl:  that   100  tiilJ! 


wns  sent  hy  Pcssdcux,  and  the  other  100  liy  his  jieople. 

The  commissioners  .say,  that,  "not  thinking;  it  meet  to  hogiii  a  present  war. 
if  s.atisliiction,  (thoujih  with  a  little  forhear.'ince,  may  he  had  otherwise,)"  tnM 
JViin'irrcl,  that,  since  ho  had  .«aid  tlu.-  wam|)um  would  have  heeii  jratliered  :ih1 
])aid  if  he  had  heeii  at  home  liims(>lf,  they  \vouid  now  jrive  him  "20  days  t"  l'u 
and  get  it  in  ;  and,  if  he  could  not  |)ro(ure  enough  hy  -iOQ  fiitl'.om,  slill  tli  v 
would  not  mo!"  St  him  until  "next  s|)rinir  planting  time."  That,  as  so  ii  u  ii 
was  still  (!ue,  ihey  would  reckon  tin;  present  hi  ibro  mentionod  ;  hut,  if  tiny 
did  not  h]\\\<r  \()C0  fiuliom   in  twenty  davs,  the  coinniissionei"s  would  semi 


110 


more  messengers  into  his  country,  "hut  take  cour.se  to  right  theniselvc!^.'' 
That,  it"  they  were  "tiirced  to  .seek  saristaction  hy  arms,  he  and  his  cdiilidi'- 
rates  must  not  expect  to  make  their  |ieace,  as  l;iti!y  they  h;id  done,  hy  a  lilt!' 
wanijum.  In  the  nie^m  time,  though  for  In  ach  o.  covenants  they  niiglit  [lUt 
their  hostages  to  death,  yet  the;  coinniissionei's  would  forthwith  deliver  tiie 


pliiltlnii   to 

niciiiii  liilh  sa 
cliiii'ire  all  |!) 
(run I  .\'iiiii:-nl 
whele  remain 
|)ri'nii"'i'd  to  |i' 
.\(i|\villi-t:ii 
5  till  ir  il'  ht  Ml  I 
"I     n\ IHKIfii 

.'t  ''(lie  ('"IMIIli- 
i  ft;mil!St  the  .\ 
?l  si'i'liini;'  his  i 
^  V|lp(l|l  liiiM,"  \^ 
'■'■  A  .Niirnigaiisi  f 
itivcr,  ran  a  sv 

Illir.'iil  VMiUlld. 
(1  ciHiNiilerahle 
lljirti  III  atleni 
Mi'illiwllile 

n|i|M'ared  siidi 
ol'ili  rnii|M"iiei' 
it  risji  cted  C 
n.  illier  he  !i"i 
(Irnwii  tln'reiiii 
ii.oniliinl,  iieliir 
(JK'I  was  coiiii 
ciiiiliniied,  the 
that  were  in  1 1 
sine"  lie  hath  i 
oil"  nii|Mrt,rniii 
mill  no  provoc; 
til  s|i(  iiite  coiid 
great  eiiiiageini' 
tiiv  ol'waiiipun 
lii.>  lit;." 

The  judgniei 
find  ilniii  ( i|Mii 
got  ilie  I'liiiimis 
Til.  y  say  that  il 
rallioiii  hath  hi 
iiiore  !o  appear, 
wi.irli  he  aceoii 
('oiiiiiiis.-iioiii  rs, 
(ami  though  hy 
wir-  willing  lo 
(llie  \'  1^  fath'illl 
eiiili'.'iNoiiiig  lo 
[ir  ihis  s,  a  sm;; 
to  ilii'iii,  ihiiii;:li 

ga\:'   llilll    to   III! 

niigiit  Ml  his  oM 
to  their  tn  aly  w 
Til  ■  ciiinmis? 
atl;.ii's  looked  ra 
ill  r.  .'.diiii'ss  lo 
pi'cs  III  to  coiisii 
ol'a  marriage  s 
brollier's  son  o( 


"    (ilil  '.  lln  (l(il|l:| 

linrr.!.  ihat  ilic  Kny 
own  e.xpcii.se. 


ATm'aT''  -  1,! 
1   iiKiiiiri'd  |i(,u 

IkIs,   IIS   \\C   III;, 

I.')  '>r  \^'lit'■.  ill 

Itl'    Ullllt  III'  hiiil 

ijj:  (•('  \Miiii|iiiii|, 
ri\('il  III)  iiinri', 
l>n>u;rlit  luliiri' 
(•(•  ill  llirir  iir. 
I  to  Ills  lyis,  liii; 
iiirrrs  \s lid  ilnii 

t  llic  SUM"  111,,,. 

■d,  wlntlni- 1|,;, 

II  pn'snit;  mni 

iiMgimiiiiiiity  h. 

iiiil  ttr  nol,  !  in.    ■■ 

(s,   (^iilshnmi'li'ui 
irr  ot"  a  civili/nj 
t,  when'  lie  s;iw    ' 
t;    liiit,  IIS  ii  \,   i 

I'    (IcciilH'    fT'iilli!    I 

(if  tlif  (lay,  Jiiid 
ikin.     'VUv  next 

lllli  SpdlvC  to  till' 
I'OWII    lipiHI   111', 

liiiv;'  coiisidrMl 
ii  s.'itistiicliiiii  ill 
i«'arrii!iiiii>i't  iiml 

liciir  wlifit  tli(v 
ill  iinivc,  tiiiij  I 
let  i'()lir('(|rr;il('>, 
•<•  .sonic  rorliiiir. 

lortly  |iiiiil,  mill 

icy  prociTili'il 

inn  lis  w.'is  i\- 
iirriviii ;  sully, 
■y  hfoiiji'lit  cny 

fWllIlt  cIlMllL'il. 
«)    linic!i  l):i!,l' 


IIH 


I " 


..  ,  \imv:r4 
uijiiit,  lilt  <iv\ 
lilt  100  rmlMiii 

a  piTSi'iit  war. 

lorwisi',)"  tiiM 
I  fratlicrril  .■ml 
I  -20  (lays  tn  ■:« 
OMI,  s'lill  t':>y 
lit,  as  so  iriiJi 

;  liiit,  if  tli'V 
^v<)lll(l  Miiil  nil 
It  tli'iiisclvt's." 

I  ills  coiiliili'- 

(iiic,  by  a  litt!" 
tlicy  iii'iisiit  |iiit 
itU  deliver  tlie 


riiM- 


I\  I      MMCRl.T.— TIIF,   F,\(iI,IS||    I'llKI'Mli;   lOIl  WAR. 


73 


rlilMi'ii   to 


AT'i'.Tfr',*    I'VprrtiiifX   (Vom    liiin  tin'    inon    ctirr   in    -t  r  t'liirin-n- 


niriiis  lulls  fn' 
clinri."'  "' 

til Viiiiisn 

^vlmir  iriiia' 


istit'ii.     .\iiil,  W  til*  \  liiiil  liiiM  real  in  lii-  |m  I't'oi'iiiiiiirc,  tli.'V  wil 


iri'iiii"!'! 
Niitwii 


(iirilK'l    ni'^rlifts   lipiill    /'(.Wfr/f.y,"  iiImI    "ill    Hlldl    I'a.xr    ill"  \    cXIMTt 

/  ITiH  lust  ii.-^si.xtiiiit'i',  wIm'ii   he  hjiaii   l>r  i'<'i|iiiii>(!  tii  itM-iivir  tlie 

inliT  iVimi   liim.      Allwliii'li    ,Viiii'j.nl  rliirrfiilly    iicn  ptril.  anil 

I  III  prrlipnii  1..  (•(iidiiij.'lv." 


tlr  if 
nlioiii 


.'till'     IdlM 


nL'niii.''t 

Sri'lulltr 
V|l|ii|l  llllll 


listaiiiliiijr  all  tlirir  prmiiisi'.-,  llir   Narraj.'iiiisrt.'-  Iiinl   iml   (li.-<'liiirj:('(l 

d.  lit  at  till' end  n|' twii  yrai>   iinii'' .  tlmii^rli    in   lliat   tiiin     tiny    had   paid 

I  lull  liilliiini  III' waiiipMiii.      Al  tin  ir  iiiretinir  this  year,  llllll,  at  I'lo^tiiii, 

iiMiiii.-'i'iMeiy  wire    iiiiiided  iit'   the  cniitiniii  d    coiiip'aiiii   o('    I'liiii.i^' 

till'   .\iiira>.'aiisets,  that    they    were  "still  viidciiiiiniiii:  liis  piace  and 

Ills  iniiic,"  Mild   had   lately  eiideavor'd  "  to  lirini'  in  tin-  M<>\\liaiikes 


w 


hiidi  liiilinu',  lliev  invf   tiled  tci  take  a\\av  his  liTr  liv  uiielnrat). 


A  Niirni;:n 


nset   Indian,  iianied  f  i'//(/(/im';i,  "  in  an   llnulis'i  vessel, 


III 


.M 


nlii  iriin 


IliMT 


ran  a  s\mi 


id  intn  his  hieast,  win  rli\  lee  ri-eei'ved,  to 


appeiiranee,  n 


iiioliil  wiiiind,  wliieh  iiiiirtheriis  arte  the  assalant  then   eonfi  ssed  hee  wan,  foi 
n  ciiiisidi  rahle  sum  of  \viini|iiini,  hy  the  .XniTaL'aiisetl  ami    Niantieke  saehenis, 

liirni  t<>  atlenipl." 

Meaiiwhili'  .Vii'ii^rrt,  iinderstandinir  what  wi:s  to  he  iirp'd  aj;aiiist  liini, 
npiM  .lied  suddenly  at  leislon  liel'ore  the  eoiiiniissioneis.  'I'he  old  eataloune 
ot'ilt Tnaii'"'""'' *^  s\as  ri  a  i  o\er  to  him,  with  se\i'ral  inwoiii  s  append' d.  As 
it  nsn  I'ted  ('iillntiu!ii\'i  .itt'inpt  upon  the  lili'  oj"  I'lints,  .ViniuTil  said  timt 
nitlii'i-  he  tior  I'lKsartut  had  any  hand  in  it,  hut  that  "he  [f'i///(r/in'/ij  wa.i 
(Iriiwii  ilereiinto  hy  torture  li'oin  tin'  iMohe<;ans  ;"  "lint  li<'  was  told,  that  tli(> 
iissiilaiil,  lieliir''  la  eanie  into  the  hands  of  the  .Mohe<;ans,  pn  si  iilly  allrr  the 
liiit  was  eomniitted,  layi  d  the  charge  upon  him.  with  tiie  n  st,  wliieli  ho 
(•iiiitiniicd,  till"  day  liillowiiiu,  to  Capi.  Mmom,  in  the  pn  s;  nee  of  the  Ijiirlisli 
tji.'itwere  in  llx'  ^>wk  witii  him,  mid  oiU'ii  reiterat' d  it  at  Hartford,  thoiitrli 
siiic'  lie  hatii  denied  it :  that  he  \mis  presented  to  Vnrim  under  the  noiion  of 
dill'  i'|i|Mrtaiiiiiiir  to  I'ssiimc'iiiin,  wlnrehy  he  was  a<d<iio\\  lediii  d  as  his  friend, 
nail  an  pro\<ieiition  i;'iveii  him."  Ciilht'iiiin  liiul  alliriiied,  it  was  siid,  that  his 
flisprnile  condition  eiiU"'  d  him  to  iittem|il  the  lit'e  of  I'nr/i.i,  '•lliroiiuh  his 
(rn'at  eii!ia,!.'ement  to  the  said  saelieins,  lia\  iiii;'  received  a  consider.ilil"  <|iiaii- 
tiiv  iil'waMipiim,  which  he  had  spi  lit,  who  olhi.'rwise  would  have  taken  a.vay 

hi.^  lit!'." 

'I'lie  iiidiiiiient  of  the  court  was,  tliat  the  sacliems  were  ^■iiilty,  and  we  next 
find  llhiii  I  iii'iijied  in  settliii!.'-  the  old  aceoiint  of  wainpimi.  ,\'!iiiu;r(l  had 
Tdt  the  I'liinniisf-ii.iiiers  didiited  more  than  they  al  fir:'  were  w  illiiij:  to  ;dlow. 
Til'  \  sa\  that  it  appear'  d   l»\  llie  auditor's  aceoinif,  that  no  more  than  I.Tilt^ 


hath  lieeii  credited,  "iiorcnnid  .\'iiii<i'nl  hv  anv  evidi  le  e  inal' 


Ke  an 


fiillimn 

iiiore  III  ap|iear,  oe!y  he  iilleucd  that  aiioiu  (i(.()  failioiii  was  paid  l»y  iiii'iisiire 


Wliirli  lie  iiceo 
riMiiiiiission  rs,  not  w 


niiti  il  l>v  tale,  when  in  iIm  re  was  coiisideraliie  differi  iic 


Tl 


lllu 


(llll 


illiii'i  to  adii" 
I   tloiiiih    1)\   iiL-reeiiK  lit   it   vs'as 


re  to  riny  striei    ti  riiis   in    that   paiticnii 
to  he  paid   |)\   mejiMire  and   not   liv  la! 


10 

ir. 


jiiii^' lo  allow  ()"2  fatliom  and  hall  in  that  resp  et,  so  that  tlier  •  remaii 


i.s 


!:s|iithom.     lint  .V'uu'<;-;t/   persis 


nil 


in  his  lorn, er  iilliriiiation,  and  not 


ciiile!i\oiintr  to  'Mve  aiiv  reasoiiahii-  satisfaction   to 


i'le  cDmiiiissioners  in  tin 
leaver  !■(  iii'''  all  ihat  was  li  iiderei 


pr  11. is  s,  a  small  iiiconsiileral)le  jiarcel  of  I 
to  till  111,  tlioierh  they  understood  he  was  hitter  jirovided.'"  They  therelorc 
piv;' liiin  to  iinili  rstiuid  that  they  were  alto^fether  dissatistied,  and  that  In; 
riii;:iit  :  ()  his  o'.vii  w!i\,as  they  %\('re  determined   to  protecl  r'/K«,9  arcordiii}^ 


to  their  tnatv  witli  liim 


T 


I  •  cemimssioneis   now  ex|)ressi'(l   tiie  opinion  nino 


1   th 


lu-  tl 


ieins"lve« 


tlint 


atli.ir-  looked  rather  tnrlail.  nt.  and  advisi'd  that  each  colon\  should  hold  itself 


111  r>  lalllie; 


to  act  as  circimistaiices   niii 


lilt 


reiiiiil'i 


w  liic 


h  tl 


lev  th"  rather 


pres  lit  to  coiisideralioii.  from  an  mlorm.ition  they  reeei\'ed  since  their  sittinjj, 
ol'a  iiiarriai.'-e  shortly  intruded  betwixt  .\'nu'ii;rrt\s  daiii.diter,  and  a  brother  or 
biollier's  son  of  Snssiiqvns;  th,   mali^rnant,  fiirious  Pi  cpiot,  whereby  probably 


>||H   ',   11')  lUlll 


lit.  1(1  rill  llll  I 


.I'll 


ic  cxpeii-ic  () 
idilic: 


lk( 


<'|iiiiC  till  111  ;  lor  it  iiiiisl  he  roinem- 


hori'il,  lliiit  llic  Eiiijli.>.li  took  tlicni  upon  llic  loiiditicii  that  liiey  sliould  support  lliuiii  at  llieir 
own  expcn,sc. 


V't*: 


■a©. 


hm 


!'»-* 


■*%'";•  '''^  .  yi 
if'r'  ■.,'■';;, 't'^'S;'** 


If, 


^1^ 


'tu- ' 


74       WAIANI>AN(  r,  srJZMS   MIA.VI'l'NNOMOUVS  MFSSF.NfiKJl.      [II 


'i"K  II 


tiicir  iiiriis  lire  to  triitlirr  tniritlMi-,  niiil   iriiiiitc   tli 

(jiiiitrs  inio  our  IiimIn,  mill  m>  I  ihriit  iin  n^'iiiii  iis  ii  ilir"!!!!!'!   iiiitioii,  uhirli  | 


c«  HciittrriMl  ••oiM|iicrti|  !>. 

Ii.iil, 


ilwiiNs   lii'i'ii   w  iiiicxscil   ii^niii^l  liy  tiir  I'.M^'liMli,  tiiiil  iiiiiy  liit/iiiil  tin'  | 
Dl'llif  n>lnMii>," 

r 


lie  Idiii'  _\('nrH  iir\t  MiiTi't  (imjr  HIT  lull  nl  ivnitH,  Init  iis  ilicy  Iiii|>|h  ii,,| 
rlii)  llv  iiiMoii^r  tlic  liMlian."  tlitiMHrivi  w,  it  is  vtry  ilillifiilt  to  Inirii  the  jiiiiiini. 
liiiN.  J\'iii!iinl  cliiiiiM'd  iJiiiniiiKtn  nf  the  Imrmiis  (if  n  |mrt  nC  l.imi.'  I.>liiiii|,,( 
<li<l  his  |ir<>ili'ci  Hsois ;  Imt  iIkim'  linliiiiis,  Mciii^  tlif  i'.ii^iisli  iliiinini  rm,^, 
«i\ri-  till'  i\iii'ni;riuis('ts,  lii'i'aint'  iiilo;.')  iIiit  iiiiU'|t(>iitit'iil  uT  ilii  in,  niiilr\i|| 
wiiurd  wills  upon  liii'iii. 

,  l.'icii.i.iti.'iDlir/;  WHS  at  this  prrioil  llir  i-\t\v\'  ol'  tlioM'  liiiliiiiis,  n  wiirliki' juni 
('oiini;:'('oiis  cliirll  Imt  as  triMi'licioiis  tuid  liailiarons  us  lir  was  Iii'ik, :-.  'I'lio,, 
islanili  IS  liad,  troni  tin-  tiiiir  of  the  l'('i|i(ot  tnmhIi'S,  Itrrii  |ii'iiti  rinj  li\  (|„. 
Kn.ulisli,  wliiidi  iniicli  incrrascd  their  iiisolcin-r.  Not  oidv  had  AY/i (';.■•/•(/,  i,i|,l 
ihi'  iTsi  oftiif  ,\aiTa;,'aii.--('ls,  MiMrrcd  from  his  iiisidls,  Imt  ihr  -Moli('j:iiii>  h,,,;  ' 
also,  lis  we  siiall  inorr  ful|\  m.ikr  ajijirnr  hi'ic.ilh'r. 

\\  lien   the   l'ji;.di.>h  roiiiiiii^.sioni'is  litid   iiitt   al    llartfiird   in    hi.'iO,  r,i<  , 
caiiic    with   a    coiiiiilidiit   to   thnii,    "that    thr    .Moii.iiisirk    siu'hciii,   in    \.,ny, 
Iriland,  had   kiiini   soiii   of  his   men;  hcwiteiied  diiars  oihcis  and   iiiinxli 
also,"  which  was  doiihti'  ss  as  true  as  were   most   ol'  his  eharjres  a^ftiiiiM  il,,,   <• 
Narra^^■lnsets,  "and  d<  sin  <i    the   eoiiiiiiis>ioiii'rs    that    hee    iniuht   in'  ri:;|{i.i| 
thi  rill.      Km   lieeiinsc  the  said   Miehi  in  of  l,oii;r  Ishind   was   not  there  ii,;,,. 
HWer   liir   iiimsi  hi"  se\eiiil    I'li^lishiiieii  were  a|i|ioiiiled   to  e.\aiiiiiie  iiiiu  n,   ; 
and  if  liiey  llmiid  him   •riiihy  to  h't  iiim   Know  that  thi  y  "will  hriii;:' tnuilili;  ! 
Ujioii  theinselves." 

At  the  same  meetin^r  unorder  was  passed,    "that   'JO  men  well  ariiinl  Im 
feiil  out  of  the   jiirisdic  lion   of  ihe  .Massaehnsi  tts  to  I'l.isiciis;  to  di'miiiul  ilii>   ■ 
8aid  wampmii,  [llieii    in    arrears. j  which    is  ''{(m"'   ii'ithom;"  Imt    in  ea>e  iLiy   | 
could   iioi    j;ei    the  wampum,  lliev    we    •   ordered    "lolaUe  t!ie  same,  of  \\i,, 
Viillew    till  rof  ill  ihe   liest  aial    iiid:  t   mi,  alile   <>oods  they  can  find."     Or,  if 
they  ciaild  not  find  eiion^h  to  satisly  all  demands,  lhe\  were  ordered  to  sii/ij 
and  "  hrin^'  away  either  /'(.vmci/.v  or  lis  ehildn  n,  or  such  oilier  considcnili.; 
sachem  or  persons,  as  they    prize,  and   may   more  prohalily   how    llicin  : 
reason." 

I'roni  I'issiiriis,  they  were  ord.  red  to  "  to  ,\'iiiifj'ril,  and  iiilliriii  him  ili.t 
the  commissioneis  had  heard  "//((//  lit  liuil  uiini  liin  ilmiii'lili r  in  m(tiriiii;i  li 
Siisrrus  /lis  hnillur,  irlio  ii'iilliirs  I'iijiioIh  iiiidvr  liiiii,  as  if  (il/icr  he  woulil  Innuf 
thiir  sdrhdii,  or  iiti'iiin  y/o.v.vi .v.v  lln  /'tijiint  loinilni"  which  was  coiitiai\  in 
"(•n-raireiiK  Ills,"  and  what  liny  would  iiol  allow,  and  he  must  inform  iImni 
wIm  llier  it  W(  re  Ml.  To  iiilia'iii  him  also  that  Hciiuisli  Cook  '•  complMiiis  ni' 
uniidry  w  idiii's."  And  ilial,  r;s  lohis  liiiniiii;:  in  the  {'eijiioi  eoimlrx,  lo  iiilinni 
liiiii  he  had  ho  i  i;:lit  to  do  so,  :is  that  ( oiiiitrs  helmi^t'd  lo  ihe  Mii^dish.  Tin' 
terminatioii  of  ihis  e\p(  dition,  in  wITh'Ii  .\'/i/,'r/'/  was  taken  "li\  the  li;ii,'' 
liiis  lieen  pre\ioiisly  meiitionril  in  oiireMract  iioiii  l)\:  .Milliir. 

\\'e  have  in  the  life  of  .Midiihnuioniuli  ,i;i\<'ii  some  aecoimt  of  the  acts  nl'ii 
«'hi<'f  c:ill.  (I  Kiiiiiiiilinirt,  especially  reLilinir  lo  liie  disor^L'ani/arKHi  (if  l',i' 
plans  of  that  j;real  chief  We  come,  in  ihis  plac',  to  a  parallel  ad  in  reliilinii 
to  .\'liii!j:ril,  Ahoiit  a  year  ali'  r  \\\r  dealli  of  Mianlnnnomoli,  .yiniitnl  iiiuln- 
totik  !o  or>fani/.e  a  plan  liir  i  xpatrialiiii;'  the  Mnj.  lish  ;  and  sent  a  iiie.>-seiii;ir 
to  li'i'innlttiiri,  the  Loiii,'  Isl:  iid  saclieiiu  to  eii<;aji:e  him  in  it.  Iiisleiid  nl' 
iisteiiiii;-  Id  his  message,  It aiiiniliinir  sei/' d  upon  .Vinifi'irl's  me^sciifjd', 
lioiiiid  liini,  and  si  iil  him  toC'aptiiii  (I'/nA /('/•  al  Sa\  I'i'ook  tiirt.  l''roiii  tlicini! 
lie  was  sent,  under  a  ;.'iiard  ol  10  men,  for  Jiariliird.  Ihit  they  were  wiml- 
bound  ill  their  |)assa<r>',  and  wcr;'  oMi^<'d   to  put    in   to  Shelter  Island,  wini 


an  old 


sacliem    lived,  wlio   was 


n'iiiiiiilii)iri\i  eliler   hroiher.     Here  tin  v  lit 


A "  ?n'/rn /'.v  ainhassader  escape,  .Mid  thus  he  had  know  ledjin  ihat  his  plan  «;ii 


di 


seo\  ireil 


and 


o\ertliro\vn 


'in 


ce  wc  liave    here    introdiici d   the  sachem    IVmandnnrc,  we  will  add  tin) 


account  ol  Ins  last  acts  and  death.     On 


///// 


iitm 


11, 


lutvnii 


ml  I),  inu'  killed 


a  ^jiaiif-like  Indiiin"  near  New  York,  ahoiit  Id';??,  Captain  (lankiur  tdlJ 
//V/WH^/f/ji'T  that  he  must  kill  that  Indian:  Imt  this  heinir  a<:;iiiist  the  adviro 
of  tlio  great  saclioiii,  iiis  brother,  he  declined  it,  and  told  the  captain  that  that 


CMP.  IV  I  MM*' 

liiiliiiii  was  a  III 
tliat  lie  had  inai 
l-'iiirl>idiiii<  •""' 
iiiid.Mlook  hi-*  e 
till'  serMee  of  lli' 
III'  died,  hill  it  V 
idaiid  died,  else 
lliuc." 

,\V;;/ir''''    passe 
'|'|,i.  eiMs.'d  the 
llir  Dutch  at  thai 
lijid  reporlnl  thai 
I'lll^iisli  :  coii-ei 
Miiiiers  al  Utoloii 
IiikI  leii;:iied  will 
ii|ii>!i  a  letter  wii.« 
cniiiiiiiiinu'  "  dive 
mill  Mnin'im,  llir- 
til  II"  immediati' 
Till'  (|iieslioiis 
1.  Wliether  the    I 
!».  Whelher   (he 
;t.  Wliether    they 
DiMeh.— I.   What 
trary  to  dieir  eiiir; 
(1.  If  iliey  are  so 
tiny  liail  not  heiii 
wviv  tlieir  p-oiiiii 
lull   r  cellie  (H'  sen 
Jiiiil  hired  llie  .Moll 
"The  aiisware  o 
(|ai'iii's  anil   letters 
Jtiinrll,  llie  IHth  ol 
Ml  ram  seems  to 
lie  siiiil  : — 

'•  I  speak  imleiLfl 
know  1)1"  no  such  p 
.jtiilfii  ;.'(ivernor  o 
(.'Nils,  powder  nor 
J'liiL'lisli,  my  frieiK 
iiilratioii  to  me,  I 
frii'iiils.  With  res 
I'liijrlisli  sachems,  i 
linoils,  Lrims,  powdi 
(if  lis  and  ours?  J 
iif  III)  such  plot  bj 
ri'|iiirts  ajraiiist  lis; 
iii'ccssary  to  say  m 
iiirssriiirers  should 
iii}s  III  [  am  old,  ai 
111  speak  with  the  > 
to  sjieak  to  Mr.  B 
and  all  Eiidisliiiiei 


'  'I'liL'  ihird  person  s 
llii-  |irii|iiiiMiilfrs  ihiil  oa 

t  Kvcry  one  iiiiist  In 
worlliios.  Josepli  Jteed, 
llinii;'li  mil  iniilor  I'irci 
HdiiM  exert  liinisolf  on 
'•  I  mil  mil  inirlli  pnrclii. 
to  do  II."     Dr.  (iiinlori' 

i  Valicniint  WhitnMi 


1.    (HociK  II 

>IH|IH'n'i|  IV 

I,  wliii'li  liiiii, 
III    III''   |Miir,,. 

i«'.V  lin|i|i.|iM| 
I  till'  |i;ii'iii'i|. 
»{<:  l>liiiii|,  in 
iliiihiin  I'l'iiiir 
III,  ami  cvdl 

I  wiirliki'  niid 
nivi-.  'riicy 
In  li'd  In  iL,    f 

,\V;ii'f:V(/,  i,i|,|    . 
lolii'pili!*  iim; 


l(i.'»0,  inr,i  \ 
fill,  ill  l.iiii;  ' 
mill   liiiiiMlf 

•S  IliraillM  III!'  ; 
III  Im-  ri;.'|il,il  ; 
I    lIlCIT    tiJ  nil.     t 

iiiniiir'  iiii'i  ii,  i 
liriii^'  ti'iiiililii  I 

icll   ill'lllnl  In! 

I>  lll'lllilllll  llii> 
ill  rilM'  ll,iy 
StIIIM',  III'   llll! 

liiiil."  Or,  ii 
Icrcd  III  Ml,'! 
•  ciiiifiiilcri'  ii 
|liii\\   tlii'iii  : 

I'lii  liiiii  ilii.i 

mitrr'i(if;(  h 

riiiilil  linv.if 

ciiiilriin  III 

iiilui'iii  liii'iii 

lll!|l|ilillSlit' 

I'N.lii  iiiliinii 
i;;lisli.  Til.' 
ly  till-  li.'iir,'' 

tli(>  acts  iil'ii 
liiiiii  III'  till' 
i  ill  I'l'liiliiiii 
;/;.'•'•''  mill' I'- 
ll llll■^^^lli;l'r 

liislcad  III' 
nii'-sciiiii-r, 
''I'dlil  liii'iii'i: 
were  wiml- 
laiid.  wlii'ii! 
,'i'c  liny  lit 
is  |ilan  wiii 

will  add  tilt) 
killed  "liv 
tinhiur  tiilil 
St  the  ad\H''! 
aiu  that  that 


.  ,v|MM(ilir.T    \('('('.'»F.!><)F   A    I'l.O  r  WITH  Till'    IK  TiM  75 

liiiiitin  wiM»  iiii}.'lity  i-'i-fiil  1111111,1111(1  no  ni'in  liar-'il  in  ilillr  wiili  liiiii,  'hhI 
il  t  III-  lm*l  Miiiiiv  rrii'iiiji.  Sniiii'  lini"  alli  r,  In-  killnl  aiinllirr,  niii-  'I'/iomnit 
r,',,,ii,'/nH    mill   ill   tin-   iiu'an  liim',    Uti'mit  Imu'i'it   ln-otlirr  liaviiiL'  iTh'iI.   \w 

fiftfft'im''"*^    '  I'll  I*     I         I  r|i|    '  I    '        I       .  .    ■ 

iHl.iini'k  liix  i'M'<'"'i""-  ^^l'"'"   Ik' "'•''"Iii|iIi.'<IumI.      Mum  was  Imh  la>t  iuM  in 

II  I".  Iri'Mi'i'"!''"'  I  "'!;-'''•'''  '"  "'"'■  '"  •'"'  '"'"'  "'""  '-''■•■■'•  ninilality  anion:'-  lln  in, 
I  .  licil  lull  il  ^^'|^  l'>  |"'ison;  also  i\\o-lliir(|s  of  llir  Imlianx  n|ion  l.oiii^ 
Mii'iid  I'lii'l. ''''"'  ''"'  Ni'i'i'iif-'aiisi  N   hail   not    niailr  mh-Ii   liavnc  Iw  ro  a-   (hey 

'  ViitiiXi'i'l  pa"^!'*!  ihr  uiiiH'i'  of  U'l't'i — :{  iiiiioMu  tlir  Ihitchor  New  \iiyk. 
'I'|'ii«  I'Miisi'il  th''  I'lnvlisli  '.'11111  r-iiHiiirioii,  cHiH'riMJlN  as  llii'y  wen- ciifini.  s  to 
ill,,  hntih  at  thai  liiiii' ;  ami  s'Mnil  sau:anuir<  s  w  ho  n-MiIri!  nnir  llir  Unlrh 
li'iii  ri'iinrliil  ih'i'  'hr  hiitfli  yoM  rnor  was  lr\iiiu'  to  hirr  llicni  to  cni  oil"  lim 
|"ii'iji>li  ;  «'iinM'ilii''nll>.  till  It'  ^^a?^  a  sjicrial   inrctiiii:  ol    lIu'  i'.iiL'lisli  I'oimni.s- 

MoMcrsat  Hostoii,  iiiAjiiil,  Iti'i:!,  i ;isi(iiif«!  hy  a  iiniior  that  tlir  .Niirranansct-t 

liad  lrii;:ii''il  "ilh  lIu'  Miitrh  to  hnak  ii|i  iIk'  l'",iiL:lis|i  s  iiIi'iik'IiIs.  \\  lirrc- 
iiiii>!i  a  friti'i'  was  si'iil  liy  llifiii  to  tln'ir  iiifi-nt  at  \iirrii!.'ansrt,  '/'Ininns  Sluiitun, 
cimiiiiiiiii-'  '•iliviTs  i|i,ri'ii's,"  liy  liiiii  to  he  intiTjircti-;!  "to  .Yiii'ii-nlt,  I'r.isini.i 
•iiid  .l/"i,f'fm,  till'"'''  of  the  fhii'ti'sl  .\an'ai;'aiis('t  sai'hcins,"  anil  tin  ir  aiiswi  rs 
to  II"  iiiiiiK'iliali'lv  olitainril  anil  rr|>oi'ii'(l  to  the  roniinissinncrs. 

Till'  ijiH'slions  to  he  |inl  to  the  saidiriiis  wcrr,  in  siihslancf,  as  lidlows: — 
1.  Wlirtlii'r  ill''  I'li'i'h  had  rimai.'cil  llirm  '  to  lijrhl  apiinst  the  l'",n::lish. — 
!./  Wlirthi'i'  ill''  Mnt'h  j.'ov('rnor  trul  not  mdi'iivor  Hiirh  a  ronsjiirai-y. — 
■"(  W  In  ilii'i"  ihi'V  had  not  rrrriNcd  arms  and  mimitiniis  of  war  fi'oii:  tlio 
liiiiili.  — I.  What  other  Indians  arc  iiiL'aui  il  in  the  plot. — .').  Wheiher.  coii- 
Iijin  III  llieir  I'lijiMiiemi'iit,  liny  wen-  lesojvnl  to  liiilil  a;.'aiiisl  the  lliti'lish. — 
(I,  If  ijiev  are  so  resiilveil,  irhiil  lli<  i/  lliiiilt  lln  I'^im-Ush  irill  ilo. — 7.  W'lieihcr 
IJK  v  liaif  not  lieltcr  he  true  lo  the  I'lmrlish. — K  Similar  lo  the  fust. — '.t.  What 
wi'i'i'  llieir  i.'roiinils  of  war  a;.'ainsl  Hie  I'.nirlisli. —  Id.   Wlieih  r  they  had   not 

III  II  r  I'liiiie  iir  send  ni'ss 'Hirers  to  treat  with  the  I'liijflisli. —  II.  Whether  tiny 
Jiiid  liii'i'd  ill''  .Mohawks  lo  lii'lp  lliein. 

"'I'lie  aiisware  of  'u'  sachems,  \  i/.  ^Yiniii-rtll,  f^r.tsrnis  and  .Mintni,  \iito  tlio 
rmi'iii's  and  letters  miiI  hy  the  iin  sseii^ii'i's,  Sarjeant  Ifaih  and  Sarjeant  ./nhn 
Jiiimli  liic  IHth  of  the  second  inonlli,  ltl."i.'t." 

.l/'n(m  si'i'ins  to  have  heeii  the  lirst  that  aiiswired;  and  of  the  first   ijiiery 

lie  said : — 

'■I  s|ieak  iinfei^'nedly,  from  my  he:irt,  and  say,  witlioiit  dissiiunlation,  that  I 
kmnv  III' lilt  such  plol  airaiiist  the  Kii^flisli,  my  friends;  implicaliiiir  either  tho 
J)iili'li  ;.'(i\eriior  or  any  other  person.  'riiou;:h  I  he  poor,  it  is  not  fjruods, 
L'liiis,  |)iivvder  nor  shot,  dial  shall  draw  mi;  to  such  a  plot  as  this  aixainst  tho 
Jliiirlisli,  my  frieiids.f  If  the  Dutch  jfovenior  had  made  known  any  such 
iiili'iitiiin  to  me,  I  would  have  told  it,  without  delay,  lo  the  I'liit'lish,  my 
fiifiiils.  With  respect  lo  your  seooiid  ijiiestlon,  I  answer,  jVo,  What  do  the 
Kiii'lisli  sachems,  my  friends,  think  of  u^? — do  they  think  we  should  preli 
i'iiimIs,  irniis,  powder  and  shot,  hefore  oui'  lives i^  our  means  of  lixiinr!*'  hot 
(if  IIS  and  ours  ?  As  to  the  4th  (jiiery,  I  speak  from  my  heart,  and  say,  I  kno 
of  no  such  plot  by  the  Dutch  irovernor.  There  may  I'ome  liilse  news  ai., 
ri'|Hiits  airainst  us;  let  them  say  what  they  will,  they  are  tiilse.  Jt  is  uii- 
iin-cssaiy  to  say  more.  Kiit  in  answer  to  the  lOili  ipiery  I  will  say,  It  is  just 
Mii'ssriiirers  should  he  sent  to  treat  with  the  Miiirlish  sachems,  hut  as  for 
iiiys'ltj  I  am  old,  and  cannot  travel  two  days  tofrelher,  hut  a  man  shall  he  sent 
III  speak  with  the  sachems.  I  have  sent  to  Mr.  Smilli,  and  f'tilli  his  man, 
Id  .speak  to  iMr.  Brown,  and  to  say  to  him,  that  I  love  the  l''.ni>lisli  sachems, 
and  all   Knglishmen  in   the  Bay:  Anil  desire  Mr.  Brown  to  tell  the  sachems 


r 

h 

\v 

nd 


**  Tlic  lliirtl  pprsoii  siiiifiilnr.  Zip,  is  iiscd    llirotijfhnul.  in  llio  oriifiiinl,  as  il  was  sii|)pii-ic(l  by 
ill    |irii|iiiiinil('rs  lluil  ciicli  cliicf  would  In"  (|ii('slioii('(l  scpMriilciv. 

t  I'.vrry  Olio  niiisl  l>c  t'orcilily  reiiiiudcd  ol'  the  answer  i^lvcii  liy  oiii'  of  our  revdliilionnry 
wiirlliics,  Jiispph  Rt'i-d,  Ks(|.,  to  il  lUilisli  af;<'iit.  on  readiiiff  lliis  answer  of  llie  cliirt  Mii'tin, 
llidii^'li  not  iindor  ciri'tlnislaiiri'S  exactly  similar.  Air.  AVii/  was  promised  a  I'orlniie  il'  ho 
wiiiilil  oxcrl  himself  on  the  side  of  liie  kiiiij.  Vicwiiiif  it  in  llie  lifjhl  of  a  l>rilie,  he  replied 
"  I iiin  imt  ti'itiili  piirrhiisims',  hut,  siirh  c.v  I  nin,  llw  liiii^  o/'  (inn/  iirilniii  is  not  rich  tnougl 
lodiiii."     Dr.  (liirddu's  America,  iii.  Ml.  ed.  London,  !■  vols.  '!vo.  1788. 

}  Vdkntini  WhitnMn,  an  interprclcr,  elsewhere  named. 


4  .•»"','**il'. 


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76 


MESSAGi:  TO  NINIGRET.— HIS  ANSWER. 


m 


3 


of  the  Iky,  tliat  tin;  child  tlmt  is  imw  liorii,  or  ilial  is  lo  In;  I 
come,  sliail  SCI"  no  war  riiailc  liv  lis  ayaiii.st  tlic  Iliii'Tisli." 


I  Hook 


)orii   III  tiiii,  to 


y 


)kc  to  this  |tiir|)c)S( 


fSSCriiS  S|l 

"1   am  virv  ihaiikCiil  to  lhcs(;  two  men  that  caiiu;  IVom  the  AlassiH  In, 
and  to  v"ii  'J^lioiiuis,  nwd  to  vou  Poll,-  uiu)   to  von  Mr.  Smith,  yon  ihni 


conic  so  liir  as  from  the  Ray  lo  hriiij;  lis  tliis  messajrc,  and  to  iiifo;:ii  ii^nf 
tlicsc  liiinirs  ^\  !  knew  not  of  hefore.  As  litr  the  governor  of  the  Diili'li,  wi; 
arc  loath  to  invent  any  liilsehood  ot'  him,  thoiii^h  \v(;  ht;  liir  from  him,  to  pliuw,.. 
the  J'Jiiihsh,  or  any  others  that  hrin<(  tliese  reports.  For  nhat  1  speak  uii!| 
my  month  I  spi  ak  from  my  heart.  The  Dulcli  governor  did  ntjvcr  piiij.i  ,;;i,| 
any  such  thinu'  unto  ns.  Do  yon  think  \vc  are  mad?  and  that  sw  li.u,. 
forji'otteii  our  writinj;  that  \V(!  had  in  tht;  I5ay,  which  doth  iiiiid  ns  in  i|,|. 
l''.iijiTisii,  our  Irieiids,  in  a  way  oi"  friendship?  Shall  we  throw  a\va\  iliat 
writing  and  ourselves  too?  J  ia\e  vvc  not  reason  inns?  Ilovv  (•an  tin-  IJinil, 
sill  Iter  ns,  lu;in;j  so  remote,  ajrainr-t  the  power  of  the  Eiifrlish,  onr  frieinis— 
wt\  iv  iii^'  close  liy  the  doors  of  the  English,  onr  friends?  We  do  proli  .>,  ,,, 
ahlior  such  thin^rs." 

Lastly,  v\('  come  to  tla;  chief  actor  in  this  aflair,  A'l/n'jr"'''.  He  lakis  up 
each  (|inry  in  order,  and  answers  it;  which,  for  larvity's  sak<',  wi;  will  ;ri\i  in 
a  little,  more  condeiisi.'d  foiin,  omittiiif^  iiothiiifr,  however,  that  can  in  -.^w 
deforce-  .add  to  onr  ac(|naintaiic(!  with  the  <n-eat  chiet".     Ili'  thus  coinmc:.,!  >;— 

"  I  utterly  deny  tliat  th(.'re  has  lieen  any  asret-meiii  made  lietvveen  tic  Diii;;, 
governor  and  nivself,  to  tight  against  lIc'  Miiglish.  I  did  neser  hear  v 
DiitclimeM  say  they  would  go  and  light  iigainst  th/  J'.nglish;  iieiMier  t\\.\  j 
licar  the  Indians  say  lliey  would  join  wilh  them.  JmiI,  wliih;  I  waslhiivm 
the  Indian  wigwaiiif',  then;  cami'  souk;  Indians  ihat  told  me  thi're  \vasa.-lii|) 
come  in  tl'oin  Holland,  which  did  report  tlie  Knglish  and  1)iit<'li  were  liglnini; 
together  ill  their  owe.  country,  and  there  w"ei<!  several  oilier  ships  coming  «iili 
umimmitiiiii  to  light  against  the  I'liglish  here,  and  that  there  would  h;  a  ^na 
blow  given  lo  the  llnglish  vvIm'ii  ihey  caiii''.  Hiit  this  I  had  I'roei  th''  Iii.liiiu.s, 
and  how  ti'iie  it  is  I  caniKjt  t<'II.  I  know  iiol  of  any  wrung  the  English  li;i\i> 
done  me,  thereloro  why  should  I  light  against  them?  Why  do  the  lin^iiiv], 
saciicms  ask  nu!  the  same  (piesiions  over  and  oM'r  again?  l)o  they  liiiiik  we 
art!  mad — and  would,  for  a  tew  gnus  and  swords,  s<:li  onr  lives,  and  tln'  livi.j 
ol' onr  wives  and  cliildren?  As  to  their  tenih  <|ni  stion,  it  heiiig  indilUrcnily 
spoken,  wiiether  I  may  go  or  si'iid,  thongii  I  know  nothing  mysell",  whi'ivlnl 
Lave  wronged  th(^  Mnglish,  to  prevent  my  going;  yet,  as  I  said  hefore,  it  liriiii 
lefHo  my  choice,  that  is,  it  being  indillerent  to  the  commistioners,  wlutlinl 
will  sen(i  some  one  to  speak  with  them,  I  will  send."t 

To  the  letters  which  the  Knglish  messengers  cju-ricd  to  the  sachems,  M:rim 
and  PiM'ariis  said,  " //e  desire  there  woij  he  no  mistoh:,  but  that  we  miiij  k 
understood,  am!  that  there  mm/  be  a  true  wtderstandinfi^  on  both  sides.  H<  dim 
to  know  where  j/oii  had  this  news,  Ihd  there  wiis  such  a  league  made  Inlwiii  tk 
Dutch  and  us,  and  also  to  know  our  accusers." 

.Vinipret,  fliongh  of  the  most  importani-o  in  this  affair,  is  last  nientidiu'il  in 
the  records,  and  his  answer  to  the  letter  bronglil  liiii'.  by  the  messengers  isiu 
follows: — 

"Yon  are  kindly  welcome  to  us,  and  I  kindly  thank  the  sachems  of  ^\i\<>i- 
diiisetts  that  they"  should  think  of  me  as  one  of  the  sachems  vvorlhy  to  l)i' 
in(|nired  of  concerning  ihis  iiutter.  Had  any  of  the  other  sachems  licniut 
the  Dutch,  I  should  have  ftmred  their  folly  miiiht  have  done  some  hurt,  one 
Wfiy  or  oth(!r,  but  tiiky  have  not  been  there,  /am  the  man.  Ihavrlmn 
then?  myself.  I  alone  am  answerable  I'or  what  I  hav<'  done.  Ami,  as  I  iiav 
already  declared,  I  do  utterly  deny  and  protest  that  I  know  of  no  such  plot  as 
has  been  apprehi'iided.  WJiat  is  the  stor^  of  these  great  riiniors  that  I  liniial 
Pocatocke — that  I  should  bo  cutoff,  and  iitat  the  English  had  a  quarrel  iigainsi 

*  So  priiiU'd  ill  //./•<//•(/,  lull  proliiilily  iiii'.iiis  tlie  Miiue  as  Vcl/ ;  V,  in  lljo  lii'icr  tahi;,  lia\iiig 
been  lak<'ii  liir  /'.     W'c  have  known  micIi  instances. 

t  Tiic  pncodinn'  si'jiiciici'  of  onr  text.  i!in  aiillior  of  Tiili-s  of  tin'  //((//a/(,\' lliiiiks, '•  wiiuld 
puzzle  llio  Jiiiisl  mii''lil'iiiii^  |ioliliciaii  o\  inodcrn  ilnics."  IikIi'ciI  !  \\'luit!  ii  I'liilail.'l|ili)a 
lanijer?  kcally,  we  iiinnot  I'lniccivc  that  it  oni;lil  in  tlic  least  to  ))iizzlc  even  a  Il'SlM 
lawtjcr.     \(  ajjuzzle  u.\i.st  any  v^'hore,  we  uiiprelieiul  it  is  in  some  mijsiifijing  v^ord. 


CH.U.  IV.] 

c  „i,.;j  I  know  of 
IJiiliier  to  lake  j»l 
tMiterltiiiiiiii'ii'  fwi 
(.iicoiirageni.'iit  to 
It  was  winter  tin 
till'  giivernor's  d 
it,  I.)  let  ine  in. 
Irii'iids. 

iN'iit  long  after  t 
jrhitiiiii  of  their 
.Mtiirnt,  Pessitrui 

;      was  iinniedititely 
*.:|     till'  tollowiiig  aiisv 
■&         ••  \ini'Sri  t  told 
|i,,,.ii-jiijr  there  wa.> 
llinllirop  knew  ot 
(liictiir  10,  and   tin 
Willi  sleeves,  but 
'ri.iit,  while  M/iU 
liiilitiii  told  him  all 
the  Dutch  by  AV 
liroiiglil  him  hoiiii 
iioiiic  wilh  him  ii 
coiii|iaiiy  was  a  ^ 
other  side  of  Iliii 
wiiiii|»iiiii,  after  A"; 
the  two  guns,  but  ^ 
was  tlieii  dii(!  to  I 
heaver  skins,  tuid 
ca|iiiireil  by  Uncus. 
All  liidiitn    nam 
one  that  accompai 

f  Milures  told  him, 
leiii'iieil  their  laiigii 
J,oiig  Island.  "A'f 
lii'iiril  that  some  slii 
the  KiiglLsh."  "Tl 
the  Knglish,  and  cii 
and  irmis,  liir  tlr'tii: 
allinii  that  the  stiid 
[slat 'li,]  tliongh  he 
atliniied  al.so  that  »^ 
tliey  would  give  hit 
On  evaniining  .  ■. 
was  guilty  of  perfiil 
piiiiisliinrnt,  but  (in 
litre,  desired  ,/lwns!i 
tiieiii  agiiin,  "the  li 
JhvnsiKiw  ne.vt  noti 
iipiMi  he  vvtis  S(!nl  j 
tiiatidcd  how  tlu-y 
A7/nV;r/."  They  s 
(llaii  jiiid  the  Narra; 
wild  had  conii'ss'd 
deiii;iii(|ed  rcstittilii 
told  hini  'hilt  they  I 
wli  It  till  y  had  tlioi 
S(i,  all  this  legislf 
plot  ihi're  appt'iu's 
giMil  (l(!predation   i 

iiKluire  into  it,  whit 

7# 


fitiV 


cr  cuhf,  Imviiig 


Chap.  IV] 


NIMORiyr.— AWASHAW. 


77 


III! 

thillii'i' 


s    I  know  of  no  siioJi  caiiso  at  all  for  my  |)art.     Is  it  bocuiiso  1  went 


t(t  lake  pliysk 


for  iiiv  licaltli  ?  or  what  is  tli(!  caiisft?     I  found  nt)  such 


(.utiTlamiMciii 


from  tin;  Dutch  governor,  wlicii  1  was  there,  as  to  giv(!    me  any 


i         It. '" 
friciiil 


(.iicDiinijri'm.'iit  to  stir  mi;  up  to  such  a  league  against  the  Knglish,  my  friends. 
It  was  winter  time,  and  I  stood,  a  great  jtart  of  a  winter  day,  knocking  at 
tl„.  iriivernor's  door,  and  he  would  neither  open  it,  nor  sutli'r  odiers  lo  o|)(!n 
""let  nie  in.     I  was  not  wont  to  find  sucli  carriagi;  from  the  English,  my 


i\((l  Ion"  afh'r  tins  n  turn  of  the  llnglish  mess(Migers,  who  brought  the  nhovfi 
relation  of  ihi'ir  mission,  .hvashnw  arrived  at  lioslon,  as  "liioseng.'r"  of 
Viu'Srd,  Pi'SSftrus,  and  Mi.iain,  with  "three;  or  lour"  others.  An  in<iui.--ition 
was  immediately  held  over  him,  and,  from  his  (■ras.v-exaiuinaiion,  we  giilher 
,|,i.  lojiowing  answers:— 

••Xitii^nl  tol<l  m>"  that  he  went  to  the  Dutch  to  l)e  cured  of  his  disease, 
licaiing  there  was  a  Frenchman  there;  that  couid  ciuv  him;  and  Mr.  .lulm 
Hiiilhroi)  knew  of  his  going,  lie  carried  .'50  fathom  of  wam|»um,  gave  the 
(Inctiir  10,  and  the  J>ntch  governor  1."),  who,  in  lieu  therenf,  gav<;  him  coats 
with  sleeves,  hut  not  one  gun,  though  tin;  Indians  there  gave  him  two  guns. 
'|"|,(il  while  ^Viiiigrd  was  there,  he  cross'-d  Hudson's  River,  and  then;  an 
liiilian  told  hini  aliout  the  arrival  of  the  Dutch  ships.  As  to  the  corn  >ent  to 
till'  Dutch  hy  ^\'inis:ret,  it  was  only  to  pay  his  passage,  tin;  Dutch  having 
iiioii"iil  him  home  in  a  vessel,  l-'ive  men  went  with  ^Viini>;nt,  Four  ••ame 
JKiMic  with  him  in  tin;  vessel,  and  one  came  hy  land  l)et<)re.  One;  of  his 
I'diiiiiany  was  a  IMohegan,  and  om;  a  (/'ont;clicott  Indian,  who  lived  du  the 
ntliir  side  of  Hudson's  River.  A  canoi;  was  furnished  with  00  fathom  of 
wam|iinn,  atb-r  AT(i(g-/T/'s  return  from  Monhatoes,  to  be  sent  tln;ro  to  pay  ibr 
till'  two  guns,  but  six  Ihthom  of  it  was  to  liuv(!  been  paid  to  the  doctor,  which 
was  then  dm;  to  him.  Then;  wen;  in  it,  also,  two  raccoon  coats,  and  two 
liravcr  skins,  and  sevi-n  Indians  to  go  with  it.  Tliey  a.id  the  canoe  wore 
ca|iiia-i'(l  hy  Unras" 

An  Indian  nam<;d  "  Mwcom-Matuxcs,  sometimes  of  Rhode  Island,"  W!w 
one  tliiit  a(;compani(;(l  Jiwashaw.  "One  John  L!p;ktJ'oot,  of  Boston,"  said 
,M(ilit.r(s  told  him,  in  Dutch,  (he  had  lived  among  them  at  Huiuhhold,  and 
Iciinicil  tiieir  language,)  that  tin;  Dutchm-n  would  "cm  oil""  the  Knglisii  of 
1,1111^'  Island.  ".Vriirow  also  confesseth  [to  him]  that  .Viniirrel  said  that  he 
liianl  that  some  ships  wen;  to  come  ti'om  Holland  to  the;  Moniiattoes  to  cut  oil" 
the  Miiglish."  "That  an  Indian  told  him  that  ih"  Dutch  woidd  come  against 
till'  Kiiiiii.-ii,  and  cut  them  ollj  but  they  woidd  save  the  women  and  chililreii 
(iiid  guns,  foi-  th'ins'lves.  Hut  Capt.  Siiukins  tind  tin;  said  ljiu:htjMtl  do  holii 
atilnn  that  the  said  .V((fTo/H  told  them  that  the  Dutchmen  loll  /lixi,  as  belbre 
[siatd,]  tliongh  h'  now  puts  it  ollj  and  sailh  an  In  limi  lold  him  so."  SlniJcins 
iiliiniieil  also  that  .Vtwcom  loM  him  that  if  he  would  go  and  .>•.  ivt;  the  Diilch, 
tiny  would  give  him  JCIUO  a  year. 

On  e.vamining  .'■."cwcom,  tin;  emmrfissioncirs  gavi;  it  as  their  opinion  that  ho 
WHS  guilty  of  perfidy,  and  that  they  should  not  hav(!  let  him  (;scap(;  without 
pimishmrnt,  but  ;'ir  his  b(;iiig  consid  red  as  an  ambassador.  'I'hey,  there- 
ilirc,  desired  ./lw'ts!>iiw  to  iidbrm  ^\'ln!is;r(t  of  it,  that  he  might  send  him  to 


tlicin  iiL'fiin,  "the  b  iter  to  clear  himseli'. 


■n 


Jk' 


us  Wii  appi'clK 


nd  wj 


IS  not  (lone, 


V.SllllW 


next  notih  (I  the  court  that  he  had  not  don  '  witli  them,  "  wli  re 


ii|i(iM  In;  was  s(;nt  i<)r  to  speak  what  he  had  furih  r  to  propomnl."     lb;  di; 


timiided  how  they  <" 


b\' tlieii-  iid'ormation    'ot'all   tli'se  things  toiiehing 


A'/ii'ir.c/."  'rhr;y  said  from  s(;veral  liniians,  jxtrliru!  trly  "tin;  iMonh 'ag.;  lu- 
(liiin  and  the  i\arragans(;t  Indian,  which  wer.'  both  I  dv  ii  by  Unris  his  m(;n, 
wliii  had  conli'ss'd  the  plot  belbn;  .Mr. /^t,'/i  .<  fit  llarllbrd."  ,'hv  islitw  iil^io 
di'iii.'Miled  nstitulion  of  tin;  wam|)um  taken  by  IJtvaf.  The  eonunissiou  rs 
tolil  him  'hat  they  had  not  as  yet  un<l  islood  ot'  tin;  l.'Uth  of  that  action,  but 
wli  n  tin  v  had  thoroughlv  exanuiii'd  it,  h  ■  should  hav  ■  an  tinsiurr. 


•(»,  a 


II  this  legislating  was  about  . VV/n'i^vv/', 


I'oin 


u;  !o  the  Dutch  ;  for  a-^  to 


I)li)t  there  appetu'S  no  (nidence  of  any  ;  but  w  h  n  Hit  its  had  (;onniiitted  u 
ffnat  depredation  upon  .Vini'irnt,  why — "that  all(;n;d  the  (Mse  " — they  unist 
iJiquire  into  it,  which  doubtless  was  all  right  so  tlir;  but  if  u  like  com))luiut 


SI 


^'M 


'li'.:*  'M'-v'-'-'i 


;>'- 


■"■vi 


1  ■■■'■ 

•  .!'■■        1  i 


''    V    ;?'  ■■ 


78 


NINKJRET.— UNCAS'S   PERFIDV. 


[liorjK  II 


i 


BI''" 

m 


m'i"  I 


had  Itoen  preferred  tifjsiiiist  JVini^ret  by  Unrns.  we  have  reason  to  tliiiik  ji 
would  have  hceii  lortliwitli  "iiKiiiired  into,"  at  least,  witlioiit  an  if. 

Aistory,  it  <'aiMiot  be  railed  evidence,  told  by  Uncas,  relatinjf  to  .Viniffref, 
visit  'o  the  Dntcli,  is  r<'eord(?d  by  the  eomniissioners,  and  \\hieh,  if  it  tiiiiiiiin 
to  any  thing,  jjoes  to  |)rove  liirnstdf  irnilty,  and  is  indeiid  uu  aeknowledirini.n, 
of  his  own  jierfidy  in  taking  ,YinigreVs  Imat  and  goods,  as  charged  by  ,lv:n. 
slimv.     Jt  is  as  follows : — 

"  Unrns,  the  Mohegan  sarhein,  eaine  lately  to  IMr.  Unins^  lionse  at  Ifiirllhnl, 
and  inforin<!d  him  that  .Vhuiifi-rctl,  saehfin  of  iIk;  Niantiek  N.irnigan-citv, 
went  this  winter  to  the  Monhatoes"  and  made  a  league;  with  tlie  Dufcli  l'(h. 
crnor,  and  flir  a  largf  present  of  wampum  received  'iO  guns  ami  a  great  Imx 
of  |K)wder  and  Itullets,  .Vinif^et  told  hiiu  of  the  great  injuries  hr  Jimi 
sustained  from  IJncan  and  the  Knglish.  That  on  the  other  side  of  IIikIsnu'j 
RiviT,  .VY/dg-rfi  had  a  confer»!ner' with  a  great  many  Indian  sagamores. , mil 
desired  their  aid  to  cut  oif  the  Mohegans  and  English.  Also,  that,  about  twi, 
yeiu's  since,  .Viniirrct  "sent  to  the  Moidieage  sachem,  atid  gave  him  a  imscin 
of  wampiim,  pressing  him  to  procure  a  man  skilfid  in  magic  workint's,  ami 
an  artist  in  poisoning,  and  send  mito  him  ;  and  he;  should  receive  nioiv;  on,. 
hundredth  iatliom  of  wampum,  which  was  to  have  lu;en  conveyed  to  tlip 
JVloidieag<!  sachem,  and  the  powaugh  at  the  return  of  him  tiiat  was  to  lnin;; 
the  poison.  Unccui  having  intelligence  of  thes(!  things,  caused  a  iiaiinw 
watch  to  be  set,  by  scni  and  land,  lor  the  apprehending  of  those  persons;  aiul 
accordingly  took  th(!m  returning  in  a  canoe  to  the  number  of  seven:  wliiiini' 
foin-  of  iliem  wnn;  Narragansets,  two  strangers  and  one  Pe«p)att.  This  \\;» 
dont^  in  his  absence,  while  he  was  with  Mr.  Haines,  at  Conecticott,  and  ciinicij 
by  those  of  his  men  that  took  them  to  Mohegan.  Being  thiire  exajuined,  iwu 
of  them,  tiie  [VVampeag*;*]  sachem's  brother,  and  one  JV'arraganset  freely  (nn. 
f(!ssed  the  whole  |)lot  formerly  expressed,  and  that  one  of  their  company  wa? 
that  powaugh  and  i)risoner,  pointing  out  the  man.  Upon  this,  his  men  in  a 
rage  slew  him,  feariiig,  as  be  said,  least  he  should  make  an  escape,  or  otiifr- 
wise  do  eitiier  mischief  to  Uncas  or  the  English,  in  case  they  should  cnry 
him  with  the  rest  before  tluun,  to  Concicticott  to  be  further  exanfined.  Anil 
being  brought  to  Conecticott  before  Mr.  Haines,  and  examined,  did  assirl 
these  [tarticulai's." 

An  Indian  srpiaw  also  informed  "an  inhabitant  of  Wethersfield,  that  tlie 
Dutch  and  Indians  generally  were"  confederating  to  cut  off  the  JCnglisli, ami 
that  election  day,  [H>.'>4,]  was  the  time  set,  "because  then  it  is  a|»preiii  nln! 
the|»lantations  will  be  letV  naked  and  unable  to  defend  themselves,  the  sinii:;iii 
of  the  Knglish  cr)lonies  being  gathenid  li'om  the  several  towns.  And  liio 
aforesaid  squaw  ad\  is(>d  the  said  inhabitants  to  actpiaint  the  rest  of  the  ['.wj- 
lish  with  it,  desiring  they  >V')uld  remember  how  dear  their  slighting  el' liir 
former  infonnati<ni  of  the  l'e(piots  coming  upon  the  English  cost  them."f 

It  woidd  seem,  from  a  careful  examination  of  the  records,  that  soiiitlhins 
had  b:'en  suggested  eidier  by  the  Dutch  or  Indians,  about  "cutting  ell' the 
English,"  whieli  justic(>  to  .Vmijgre^  requires  us  to  state,  might  have  liccii  ilie 
case  without  his  knowledge  or  participation.  Eor,  the  testimony  ol'  the  iiii!^- 
sengers  of  "nine  Indian  sagamores  wlio  live  about  tlu^  Monhatoes"  tie  iiuw 
implicates  him,  and,  therefore,  cannot  be  taken  into  account,  any  more  tliuii 

*  St;  ileclii;iti()n  onward  in  die  records,  [Hut.  ii   2-2.) 

t  Krlcrriii^-  to  an  aiVair  of  Id.H,  wliicli  Dr.  /.  Mnl,  fr  relates  as  follows:  "  In  llic  iniiTiiii. 
[wiiilo  ("apt  \l(tsoii  was  proiccliin^  Sayl)rook  fort, J  many  of  llio  l'('t|iio(ls  wiMil  lo  a  jil.iie 
now  calU'.d  iV^iihiu-.yii III  on  (.'oiiiKu^iiciit  Jliver,  and  liaxing  confederali'd  willi  dii^  liidiiiii-ul 
tliiit  place,  (as  il  wa^  gvncrally  liiouglil,)  llicy  laid  in  auibiish  for  llie  lai^disii  people  (if  lli.it 
place,  and  divi-rs  of  llieui  f;<>ing  lo  llieir  ialior  in  a  large  fluid  adjoining;  to  the  town,  were  -il 
upini  liy  the  Indians.  Nine  of  the  I'.ii^^lish  were  slain  upon  the  place,  and  some  liur-es.  and 
two  voiiiiif  women  w<'re  taken  captive.''  Relation  of  the  Troiililo!,  &Lr.  "it't. — Dr.  TniiMi 
says  this  liappeneil  in  April.     Hist.  Con.  i.  77. 

'I'lie  canse  of  this  act  of  th(!  I'erpiols,  accordinif  to  W'tntlirop,  i.  2t)0.  was  this.  An  Iiuiinn 
railed  S'l/iiiii  had  niven  the  lamli^li  lands  at  WelJK'rslield,  that  he  migiit  live  Ivy  tlcni  aii'l'o 

1)roli'cled  from  other  Indians.  ISnt  when  lie  came  there,  and  had  set  down  his  wi;;«nm,  llic 
English  drove  him  away  hy  force.  Ami  hence  it  was  supposed  that  he  had  plotted  thcif 
destru::tion,  as  above  related,  with  the  I'cquols. 


Chap,  IV'.] 

wliMt  an  bidia 
aiiiitlier  Iniliaii 
was  iMily  It  heat 

,] Ilium  also  it 
.s;iitli  he  came  I 
.Mdiiliatoes,  wIk 
i-ih-i\  the  Indiai 
vvilll  tlieiii.  At 
roltraged  hecatt; 

.llilmii  the  in 
1).  r^.l  the  Diitc 
went  Id  a  place 
llieiiC"  to  .Moniii 
th  lice  to   l'"ort 
thrlM'e  lie  sent  t( 
uiili  hiiii  many 
lo  llie  s;ig;imorei 
lU'  11 ;  .•!iid  wiilm 
lie  ivoiild  get  al 
siiiiii  of'  the  Iiid 
"III  oil"  ilie  KngI 
and  lie  was  to  fit 

lie  S'llt  OIK^  (rOV( 

the  sagaiiiore,  to 
lint  iliesagainon 
(invert  gave  tiic! 
Iiiid  lint  '10  men, 
laii.'^e  to  tight  fig. 
the  Diitidi  goverj 
.'itid  tiiere  was  no 
(if  tire,  t  or  th(!  lil 
hand,  ami  he  carr 
the  i'livi'i'iKir  hid 

.Nevertheh.'ss,  !i 
tlic  English,  then 
Ills  |iliysiciiin  \\n> 

III  it  long  letter 
(lain,  I'ikr  Sliii/vt 
III  jiai't  inie,  as  ; 
MraiiL'  ■  liiili:iii  fre 
.'■I'l-.  Hilt  hi'  can 
pii^-i,  Its  w,'  remei 
lie  iMifed  and  heal 
iiiu  a.ss  iiih'v  or 
[efit.l  We'll  an 
lie  liarli  l)!>en  liir 
«:tli  hi.'ii,  hut  wl 
(inly  t'lis  w  ■  kiio 
ri'iiort.",  anl  (idgii 

T!ie  \v;u-  witll  . 
pnss '<sioii,  was  1 
.V'ai;;v  /. 

I  I  l'>.")l,  the  go 
timt  tile  list  siimii 
ii'l'iT',  f'll  ii|ioii  1 
Iiid  il  III  my  ol'tJK 
"T'.is  siiimner  |i 
killed  a  man  and 

*   \  Diilch  oiricer. 
t  'l''i  I  !iU    lueir  pii 
Willi  the  Indians. 


[Buck  II 
■ioii  to  tliiiik  it 

II  iv: 

si  lo  .Viniisrefs 
li,  it'll  !iiii(iiii:t 

kllC)\vlc(l<r|||(.||i 

iirgcd  liy  Ji;,,. 

sc  at  lliirlliinl, 
NiiiTa;j;iii-('it<, 
lie  Dntrli  •:u\. 
11(1  a  <;-n'iil  Imx 

ijlll-ics  he  Ii;i(l 
l»i  oC  IIikIsiiii's 

v'ljiaiiiurcs,  aiiil 

that,  alioiit  twij 

>  liiiii  a  jx-rwut 

workiiiirs,  ami 

•Oivf   IIIOIV!  Ollc 

oiivcycd  Id  ilic 
:it  was  ti)  liriii;; 
iis(!(l  a  iKinnw 
i>  ])»!rs<>iis;  ami 
even:  whcrcoi' 
latt.  This  was 
ott,  and  cairicd 

cxaiiiincd,  twu 
iisct  Ircflv  I'nn. 
r  conipany  wn, 
s,  his  iiicii  ill  II 
vsca|)e,  or  otlnt- 
!y  .should  carry 
xamiiHKl.    Ami 

lied,  did  iis«iri 

Wiiield,  that  the 


1 1,  and 
„!,'.i 


E..j.dis 
IS  u])|)r('ii 
■s,  tlie  sinii:;ili 
WHS.  Anil  liic 
St  of  the  Kill'- 
ifrhting  of  litr 
tthem.'H 
lat  soiiii'lliiiit; 
iittiiiir  oil'  till! 
havi'  lii'cii  ill'' 
y  ol'  tilt'  Mii'S- 
itoes"  no  linw 
my  more  tliuii 


'  In  tlic  iiiU'riiii, 
wfiil  lo  a  iii.iie 
ill)  llie  Iml.aiiMjl' 

lall    lifoplc  111  lll.ll 

111!  loan.  wiTi'  'I'l 
simic  Imr-cs,  mid 
,. Dr.  'J'riimliiilt 

this.     An  Imli'in 

.  liv  lli'Mii  aii'i  ';0 

liis  \vi;;uani,  "ic 

had  plollod  ilicu 


Chap.  IV'.] 


MM(illCT.— AJJDA.M. 


79 


(vliiit  an  fiidian  naiiiod  Rnntien.ioke  t<dd  ^Yicholds  Tnnntr,  as  interiirctetl  by 
niiDllicr  JiKliaii  called  .7 ///(</H  ;  tlir  liiltir,  th(Mij.di  n-laiiiii;  lo  A7.'/;>n/',s  \  !.«:it, 
ud."  "iilv  a  hearsay  alliiir.     RonnKSSokr  wa.s  a  sai^aiiion!  of  I, mi!,'  Island. 

.lldani  al.so  interpreted  tin-  story  ol"  aiiotlier  liidiiii,  railed  l'<iii'(tiiqj;i;  '•  wiio 
siitli  Ik'  '"UIik"  from  the  fiidians  ulin  duell  oyei-  the  river,  over  aj.'ain>t  'die 
Mdiilialoes,  where  the  plot  is  a  workinji,  that  was  this:  that  the  Diitchiiieii 
i<i;(  il  the  Indians  vvliether  they  would  lea\f  them  at  the  last  east,  or  stand  up 
wiiii  tiieni.  And  tidd  the  [iidiaiis  iln'V  should  fi'ar  iiolhiiii;',  and  not  lie  dis- 
I niiTcii  heeaii.si-  the  p'>t  was  discovered,"  (!v:e. 

.Ililiiin  tilt!  interpreter  iiad  also  a  story  to  tell.  Me  said,  "this  spiiii;;-  [|(!."i:J, 
i>.  .-^.Itlie  Dutch  ^fovernor  went  to  I'ort  Aiirania,  Lsinee  Alhany,]  and  lirst 
went  tit  a  place  called  ./kkicksuck,  [Haekiiisack,]  a  <,n-eat  plac."  of  Indians,  lioiii 
ili.iif'  to  Alonnesick,  [.Minisink,]  thence  to  ()pini.':ona,  tlieiicc  to  Warraiioke, 
t!i  lire  to  l'"ort  Aiirania:  And  so  liir  he  went  in  his  own  p'rsnn.  l'"rom 
i!niii'i'  In;  sent  to  I'ocomtock,  [Deerlirld,  on  the  (yonnecticiit,]  and  he  .•.iirled 
with  hiin  many  note  of  sewaii,  that  is,  ha;;'s  of  waiiipuni,  and  d  Tivereii  them 
Hi  ilic  s;iiramores  of  the  places,  and  they  were  to  distribute  them  .iniin'rHt  tlndr 
,ii.  I! :  .itid  withal  ho  carried  |)owder,  shot,  (doth,  leail  and  •:uns:  and  IkUI  them 
Im'  uoiild  iret  all  the  great  Indians  under  him,  and  the  l',n<rlisli  should  have  the 
siiiiii  of  the  Indians,  and  ho  would  havetlio.se  sagamores  villi  their  iinn  to 
lilt  oil'  the  Knglish,  and  to  bo  at  iiis  cominand  win  never  lie  had  use  of  ilnni, 
anil  he  was  to  tind  them  powder  and  shot  till  lie  had  need  of  thciii.  I'lirlher, 
hf  s  lit  one  (Jovert,  a  Diittdiman,  to  Alar.sey,  on  Loiiir  Island,  to  .ViV/a/i  r/tKm, 
the  sa;,'an  tore,  to  assist  him  and  to  do  \hv  him  what  he  would  liavi;  [him]  do: 
liut  tlii'Sfi;,'aniore  told  him  ho  would  have  iiothiiif,'  to  [do]  with  it:  whereimon 
(JoviTt  pive  the  .sagamore  a  groat  ketth;  to  be  silent.  ^Yillnvuhitm  told  him  In; 
had  hut  '10  men,  and  tin;  laiglish  bad  never  done  him  wrong,  [and]  ln'  had  no 
raiise  to  tight  again.st  tlioni.  Further,  he  sailli  that  AY/ucg/c//,  the  tiseal,  ■■  and 
the  Dutch  governor  wen;  u|)  two  days  in  a  close  room,  with  other  sagamor.'s; 
aiii 
II 


there  was  no  s|)(!akiiig  with  any  of  them  e.vcept  wIiimi  they  came  iiir  a  coal 
ffii'i'tf  or  flit!  like.     And  much  .sewan  was  seiiii  at  that  time  in  AT?i/iegre<'s 


land,  and  he  carried  none  awav  w 


rith  li 


im  ;"  and  that  Rniivsscob;  told  him  that 
till'  iriivirnor  bid  liim  tly  for  iiis  lit!',  for  the  plot  was  now  discovered. 

Ni'vertliek'ss,  as  (iir  any  positive  testimony  that  .Vinifird  was  plotting  ag.iinst 
till'  lliifflish,  there  is  none.  That  he  was  in  a  room  to  avoid  company,  while 
Iiis  physician  was  attending  him,  is  very  probable. 

Ill  ii  Idiiii  letter,  dated  'ititli  i\Iav,  I(m:|,  wliiidi  the  iroxernor  of  Ni  w  Amster- 


dam, I'dir  Slinjv 


t)\i)  to  the  Knglisb,  is  the  liillowiiiif  p.issa 


it  is 


III  |);ii't  true,  as  your  woi'ships  eonclude,  that,  about  .lanwaiN,  there  came  a 
■iii'.iii;.' ■  lii(li:in  from  the  noitli,  called  AT«)ii'g»'e//,  coiimi'iiitl  r  of  tic  \iirragaii- 
Hcls.     Milt  he  c;iine  hither  with  a  pass  from  .Mr.  Johr.  ff'iiillir,,p.     I'lion  w'lieli 


|ms..i,  as  w-  rem  '111 


her,  the  occasion  ol'  his  comiiij' 


\|iri 


d. 


nam 


•Iv,  to 


be  nireil  and  healed  ;  and  if,  upon  the  other  side  of  the  rivi  r,  there  hath  been 


;:igamores,  we  know  not 


ly  .'i.ss  iiib'y  or  meeting  of  the  Indians,  or  of  their 
[iifit.]     W'v  li  aid  tliat  \u'  hath  bi.'en  upon  l-ong  Island,  about  .N'ayaeke,  where 

11 18 

o  IIS  iinKiiown: 


li;irli  bi'eii   t'or  \'\i'.  most  part  of  the  winter,  and   hath    liad  several    indi; 


\v:th  l.i:ii,  but  •.\  hat   In;  hath   n  gotiat;'!!   with  them  remains  I 

iiidy  this  w  ■  know,  tliat  what  your  W(ii"sliips  lay  niito  our  cliarge  are  f.ilso 

ri'imrts,  an  I  feigned  informations." 

'I'll'  war  witli  .h'catfdsot'r,  <d"  whi(di  we  shall  give  all  the  |)ir*'('u!ars  in  our 
puss '>:sii 111,  was  the  next  affair  of  any  considerable  mom:  nt  in  ti.e  life  of 
.\*)u',';T  /. 

I  I  l'i.')l,  the  gov(>riiment  of  llhode  Island  coiiiiiiiiiiicat  ■(!  to  Massa(dmsettH, 
that  till'  I  ist  suminer,  A'mi'gre/,  without  any  cans:-,  "that  he  doth  .so  niiieh  ua 


a'i' 


f'll  upon  the  hong  Island    Indians,  our  friends  and  trilnitaries,"  and 


kill  (I  iiniiv  of  them,  and  took  otiaus  prison  i"s,  and  wou'd  not   restore  t 


T 


us  suiiimer 


b 


.■It  1 1   made  two  as.saulis 


|M.'i   them  ;  111  oil''  wlier  o 


lein. 
f  he 


killi'il  a  inaii  ;iiil  woman,  that  lived  u|)oii  the  land  id'tlie  I'.nglish,  and  within 


'    \  l);ii(li  udiri'r.  wlin(!  iliily  is  s'milar  to  IImI  iiI' 'r  ii^iirrr  amoiis  IIki  l\ii;;li<li. 
I   To  I  ijlr   iii'.r  |)i|)L's,  (louleless — iho  DiUcli  a^ruuiiiif  uell,  in  llii:  funicular  "f  sin()l<ing_ 
Willi  llii;  Indians. 


'if 


■:<»■■  ';■■>.•'•■  '■■■Av 
k.',i'4-  ''J'1 


80 


NINIGRKT.— ASCASSASOTIC^K'S  WAR. 


[RODK   II 


ii 


one  of  tlicir  townsliips;  and  aiiDtlicr  Iiuliaii,  that  kept  tlio  cows  of  tlic  F.nj,. 
lis!i."  He  liiiil  dniwii  many  of  llic  lurciirii  Indians  down  (Voiii  Conii! cii,",, 
fiiul  Hudson  I'ivcrs,  who  rcnd:'/.vonsi'd  upon  Winlhrop's  Island,  where  ilnv 
killed  -Miiu^'  fit"  iiis  ( iittle.*  'I'liis  war  l)ci,'an  in  105.'$,  and  continued  "sovcra] 
years."  t 

The  coniMiissioners  of  the  United  Colonies  seemed  blind  to  all  coni|tliiiiits 
afrainst   I'rrii^ ;   hut  the  Xarraffansets  were  watclied  and  harassed   vi'luui 

#«...l^'i...l-  \V'l...|..lt-.>|.        !«'     .       Ilk.  .lit        (fill.         .Itl  lllll  \I|U  Iw.lllld       /l/.i.llt  IIKIlt      ilt'      tltil^l.      . 


Illllt 


..^......     .  V       .      ■    ..     .     ,  ^. -    -  •• ..-     ^-        ^ 

ct  ii.-iiny.     W'here.ver  \v>-  meet  wilh  an  unpuhlished  document  (»l"  those  t 
tin:  );i<-t  is  very  apparent.     The  chief  ot  the  writers  of  the  history  of 
jx'iiod  copy  from  the  records  of  the  I'nited  Colonics,  which  accouiiis 
their  niakiuj:  out  a  fjfood  case  for  the  Knglisli   and  ^lohe^'ans.     The  >■,„ 
which  actuated  the  f^rave  couunissioners  is  easily  discovered,  and  I  neeil  ,i|, 
rcli'r  my  readers   to  the  ease  of  Mumlunnomoh,     Desperate  errors  r:  i|nii 


1.1 
■|iiril 

ily 
iliiiri' 
others,  ollentiihes  s(iil  more  des|)erate,  until  the  first  ap|»ear  small  eoiii|i:ir  ,| 
with  th'-  ma-^fnituile  of  the  last!  it  is  all  alonj^  discoveralile,  that  i'mn. 
veui'rahle  records  are  made  u;  from  one  kind  of  evidence,  and  that  wlun.i 
Nam;,' uiset  appean>d  in  his  vn  deli'iice,  so  many  of  his  enemies  Mnod 
ready  to  ^ive  him  the  lie,  that  ins  indi^Miant  spirit  could  not  stoop  to  contra. 
diet  or  parley  with  them;  auil  thus  his  assumed  jruilt  passed  on  for  lii<t!irv. 
The  lon^f-silenoed  and  horne-down  friend  of  the  Iiulians  of  IMooselijuisii,}  i],, 
lon^rr  slei  ps.  Amidst  his  toils  and  perils,  he  t()imd  time  to  raise  his  p "n  jn 
their  deliiice  ;  and  thoujih  his  letters  I'or  a  .season  sli'pt  with  him,  they  ar.'iinH 

fiw.'tiL- iiiif  .)'    till.  i-(tii>ii  f.C.l.ii' 


*  Miiiiiisrri/il  (lociii)iPiils. 


t    lt'<-r)(/'.s-  llisl.  l.riii;r  l~hlil<l. 


From  the  niij:imil  Idler,  in  manusciipt,  among  llio  lilos  la  our  sttile-limisiO 
Soil  of  Cliikatauliul. 


I'roviili  iHX'. 


nwakinj;  a;  the  voice;  of  day. 

When  (he  Knj.dish  had  resolved,  in  10.")4,  to  send  a  force  against  the  W 
rajraiisets,  hecause  they  had  iiad  difliculties  and  wars  with  ^'Isrnssnsulir,  ii<  k,, 
have  relaleil,  .Mr.  WUlKtinn  expressed  his  views  of  the  matter  in  a  letter  to  tin. 
govt  rnor  of  M^issachusetls  as  iiillows  : — "The  cause  and  root  of  all  the  pr  s.nt 
jni>cliii'ls  is  the  pride  of  two  iiarharians,  .'/scrtssaso^i'cA',  the  Lou;f  Island  siclMiHi 
and  JS'entkunnl  of  the  Narigeiiset.  The  l()rmer  is  proud  and  foolish,  the  Imtir 
is  proud  and  Herce.  1  have  not  seen  him  these  many  years,  yet,  from  tlnir 
sober  UK'U,  I  hear  he  jileads,  1st.  that  Jhcnssasutick,  a  very  inferior  saclHin, 
(bearing  himself  upon  the  Kinglish,)  bath  slain  three  or  four  of  bis  pcoiili', 
and  since  that  sent  him  cballeng<-s  and  darings  to  light  and  iiKUid  liiinsilf, 
2d.  lli'fJK'eiukHnnl,  consulti  d  by  solemn  messengers,  with  the  chief  of  the  Vau. 
lisli  goveriiois,  !\laj.  jE/i7ic«/,  then  gov«'rnorof  the  Mfussachusett.s,  wliosi  iit  liiin 
an  implicit  consent  to  right  himself:  upon  which  they  all  |)lead  that  the  llii^'jisli 
have  just  occasion  of  displeasure.  Md.  Alter  he  bad  taken  revenge  ujion  tlii> 
Long  Islanders,  and  brought  away  about  14  cajitivcs,  (divers  of  them  cliit' 
women,)  yet  he  n  stored  them  all  again,  upon  the  mediation  aihl  desire  of  tin; 
English.  4th.  After  this  peace  [v/as]  made,  th«>  Long  Islaiidei.->  pretciwlinir 
to  \'isit  JVt  nek wiat  at  Hlock  Island,  slaughtcr.id  of  his  Narragansets  n  .ir  :!0 
pei-so US,  at  midniuht ;  two  of  tlh'iu  of  great  note,  especially  Ife/ntcniinwck's 
Bon,  to  whom  ^Vnihunal  was  uncle,  ."ith.  In  the  prosecution  of  this  wir, 
although  he  had  drawn  down  the  inlanders  to  bis  assistance,  yet,  upon  |iio- 
testation  of  the  English  against  his  proceedings,  be  retreated  and  dissolv  d  his 
army.  § 

The  great  Indian  apostle  looked  not  so  much  into  these  particulars,  hcinj: 
entirely  engaged  in  the  cans-  of  t!ie  praying  Indians;  but  yet  we  oecasinnnlly 
meet  with  him,  anil  will  here  introduce  him,  as  an  evidence  agaie.-t  llie 
proceedings  of  Unra/i,  and  bis  friends  the  conunissioiKM's: 

"The  case  of  the  Nipmiik  Indians,  so  far  as  ny  the  best  and  most  crc'lililiMii- 
telligenc(.',  I  have  undei'stood,  pres  nted  to  the  honored  general  court,  [ol  .Mis- 
eachu.setts,]  1.  Un  as  his  m(!n,at  miawaics,  set  upon  iin  unarmed  poer  pedplo, 
and  slew  eight  p<'rsons,  and  cari'icd  captive  twenty-fbui-  women  and  eliiiiiivn, 
"^  "  n  of  these  were  subjeicts  to  iMass  cliiis(!tts  ,;'overnment,  by  heiii:^'  tiic 
snbp'Ci..  ol'  Jos'as.  I|  11.  They  s  :ed  ior  r(  lief  to  the  worshipliil  governor  and 
nia!:istrates.  4.  They  weri!  pleas  (1  to  send,  (by  some  Indians,)  a  coniniissi:iii 
to  Capt.  /)cnisoH,  [of  Stonington,]  to  demand  these  captives.    5.  Unrislm 


[Rook  II 

I'S  of  the  Eiiff. 
II  Ct)llll;clii||t 
III,  Aviici-c  llin 
lined   "scv,  ;';; 

all  ('f.iiii'hrnii^ 

•ilSScd  Vi'.liiii;; 
1)1"   tlldSI'  I    ,.   ,^ 

hislory  of  tlim 
I  acfoiiiits  inr 
IS.  Tlic  siiirit 
11(1  I  ii'.'cd  ,,|,|v- 
errors  r.  iiujiv 
mill!  eonipnrd 
)le,  tliiit  tliiw 
id  that  wliriia 
eiiemies  ^tmul 
itoop  to  ('(.iitni. 

I  on  for  liisriirv. 
ooseliaiisir.t  ij,, 
•aise  liis  |i"ii  in 
;n,  they  ari'  now 

f^a'.iist  the  Xnr- 
•nssasulic,  !is  we 

II  a  h-ttiT  t(i  the 
if  all  thcpr  si'iit 
r  Island  s'lclinn, 
bolisli,  the  latlir 

yet,  from  tlnir 

iiferior  saclii'in. 

■  of  his  |)('()|ilc, 

mend  iiiiiisi'lf, 

liief  of  till-  Ell!:- 

who sijit  hiiii 

at  the  Kii;rli>li 

iij;e  M|M)ii  tli'^ 

of  tlieiii  clil/f 

I  desire  of  the 
•1.1  pri'tciKriiij 
insvts  11  ar  :!0 

H'e.i)itc<inrnock's 

II  of  t!iis  war, 
yet,  njioii  |)ro- 

iid  dissiilv.d  his 

•tienlars.  hcini: 

we  OCe<M<ioii;illy 

•(! 


I  "■■ail!  St  the 


lost  cri^ililiii'  ill- 
court,  [ol  .M  I- 
,'d  jiocr  in'(i|il('. 

Ml  IIIkI  (•ilililirll. 

It,  by  iteiiiLi'  till' 
li  ii()veri;or;iiiil 
,)  a  {■oniiiiissiiiii 
5.   Unr  IS  li'is 


I'rovlili  lu'c. 


Thai- 


IV.] 


MNRilll"!'. 


81 


;1I1SW 


r  was,  (a 


|)V  iillliiiii'ss. 


3  I  iioard,)  insolent,     (i.  They  did  not  only  aiinr-e  ,lie  wdinen 
hilt  have,  since  tills  demand,  sold  away  (as  1  hear)  soj 


lie  <ir  a 


1 


lllKist!  capliv 'S.  /.  lilt'  |Ki(ir  iiereaved  Indian.,  wail  lo  s.t;  wliai  win  p'ease  to 
I      H.   Von  \wrc  pleaM d  to  tell  them,  yon  would  |ires(  nl  it  \u  ija;  lice  court, 

•  nil  tlic\  slioiiid  e.\|iect  their  answer  liom  tlieiii,  which  liiey  now  w.iit   Hir. 

'i    VdiLiroJl,  \ea,  all  the  Indians  of  liic  coiin',.'_\,  wait  to  see  the  is-iie  of  this 

' 'i  liis  iiH'iii'"''''!  "^  •'"'''^'  '-•''  May,  I '>•">'•  N  and  .-ji^iied  \i\  John  Eliot;  from 
uliicii  it  i^* ''^  "'''"''''*''''""' '"-''■"  n''«'"f  delay  in  r(!ie\injj-  those  distressed 
liv  ilir  iiaiiuhly  L'luas.  And  ynt,  if  he  were  caused  to  niako  rciiiiiiicialinii  in 
;,Iiv  u.iv,  we  do  not  find  any  accoiiiit  of  it. 

ill  i(i(iU,  "tiie  ^^eiK'ral  court  ol'  ('oiinecllcii:  did,  hy  tlu  ii-  letters  direeted  to 
til,'  ((inmiissioiiers  of  llie  other  colonies,  this  last  .•^uinnier,  represent  an 
jiildicrahii^  alliont  done  hy  liie  \arrai,anstt  Jndians,  and  tlio  same  was  now 
i-iiiiiplaini'd  of  hy  the  lMi;;lisli  li\  in^L;-  .it  a  iii'W  plantalion  at  ^Inheiian,  vi/. : 
tliiil  soiiie  Indians  did,  in  the  dead  iiiiie  of  the  iiii^ht,  shoot  eij^hl  hiilhi.-  into 
an  Knulisli  lionso,  and  lireil  the  same;  wlierein  iiw  l'"ni:lishmeii  wen;  .islecp. 
Ol'  wiiicii  iiisolency  the  Niirra,"anset  sachems  luive  so  far  taUeii  notice,  ar>  to 
.si'iiil  a  sli;,dit  o-\c'iso  by  MaJ.  h7Ap/7o/(,  that  they  diil  neitiier  consenl  to  nor 
alliiw  of  .-iich  ])r.>clices,  but  make  no  tender  of  .satisl;ictioii.''f  JJnl  they 
uskcil  the  p'-ivllcfio  to  meet  the  cominissiontiis  at  tlu^ir  ni'.\t  session,  at  wiiich 
liiiie  tln!\  jia.e  them  to  understand  that  satisfaclioti  should  be  madi-.  This 
I'l  |piit  liavi   been  odier  than  a  reasonable  reipicsl,  but  it  was  not  granted; 


C(i' 

alio 
H'(jqu(ica)ioosi', 


.^eii,:iers    wee    forlhwith    ordered   t)   "  repair  lo  .Wa/'n'/i/, /\,s'i~i 


us. 


iiiid  the  rest  of  the  i\airafian.si;t  sachems,"  to  di'inaiiil  "at  least 
four  (if  the  chief  of  them  that  shot  into  the  Eii^rlish  iiousi!."  And  in  case 
they  should  not  he  delivered,  to  ilemiind  ll\('  iiimdred  fathoms  pf  wam|iiim. 

^Viiiiixrd  with   breacii  of  co\o- 


Tiii'V  were  directi'd,  m  jiaiticular,  to 


•h 


:iri;(' 


limit,  and  lii.iih  neglect  of  their  onler,  sent  them  by  Maj.  ff'illnnl,  six  yeard 
,>.iiici',  111)1  lo  invade  llie  JjOin.;  Island  Indians  ;  and  [^lliat  they]  do  account  tho 
jiiii'prisiiiir  the  J^oiig  Island  Jndians  at  (iiill  Island,  and  murdering'  of  tluuii, 
to  be  all  insolent  carriajie  to  the  r.niilish,  an  t  a  barbarous  and  inhuman  act." 
Tlicse  ate  only  ii  linv  of  tho  most  iirominent  cliarjfi.'s,  and  fue  hundred  and 
iiiiicty-li\e|  liithoms  of  wampum  was  the  yyrui;  demanded  l(>r  them  ;  and  "  tho 
■fciii'ial  court  of  Connecticut  is  desired  and  emitowered  to  send  a  convenient 


coaiiiaiiy  u 


f  men,  under  some  disi-rect  leadi'r,  to  l()ree  satisliiction  of  tli 


•aiiio 


ahov 


e  said,  ant 


d  tlm  charges  ol'  rocovu'iii'i'  the  same ;  and  in  cast; 


tl 


10 


pi' 


isoiis  he  delivtut'tl,  tliev  shall  be  sent  to  Harliatloes,' 


V 


an 


d  stild  l()r  sliivui: 


It  a|ij)ears  that  tin;  tiirce  sent  by  Ooniiuclicnt  conlil  not  ctillect  the  wampum, 
lior  secure  the  oU'enders  ;  but  for  the  payment,  condcsrcndcil  ti/  t<d\t^  a  inort.i;  igo 
of  all  the  Aari'agaiiset  country,  with  the  prt)\ision  that  it  siioiiid  la^  w/iil,  if  it 
were  j/aid  in  I'oiir  moiilhs.  (^uissonuus,  ||  ^Vincirlud,  and  iScnlluji,*!'  .signed  the 
ileed. 

Xiniu;rd  did  not  engaiie  with  the  other  Narruiranset  chiei's,  in  Phi!ii)\i  war. 


Dr.  Mdllm 


•lis! 


lim  an  "old  craftv  sachoni,  who  had  uith  some  tifliis  mo 


ia\i'  been  "an  o 


id 


witlidrawn  himstdf  fron:  the  ri;st."     lb;  ninst  at  this  tiiiic- 
siiciiciu,"  for  we  meet  with  Jiim  as  a  chief,  as  early  us  ll)."5"-J. 

Although  v^ '//HgTt/  A\as  not  jjcrsonally  engaged  in  /'/t(/(',/',v  war,  still  he 
must  have  suiU  red  considerably  iiom  it ;  often  bt;ing  ohligetl  to  send  his 
jieople  to  the  English,  to  gratily  soiiiu  whim  t)r  caitrice,  and  at  otln!r  times 
to  appear  himself.  On  10  Sept.  ItiTo,  eight  of  his  men  came  as  ambassatlors 
to  JSoston,  "having  a  ctutilicaie  from  (Japt.   Smith,'''']]  who  owned  a  large 


M'tim. 


.scri} 


I  .ifiili'  y,inirr 


(liliolKll 


•ir.  /.' 


mvsfr 


k\\\ 


'ty-livo  was  for  nnoliicr  otl'i 


]  Hcconl  of  liio  I'liilcd  ("oloiiics.  in  Umanl. 


'  for  the  iiisoli'iu'it^s  oonmiilU'd  at 


.\iiii  >U':iliii"'  corn,  li 

■n 


liuliaii  sorvani  at  .Mrs.  /{.-.wsler's  tcul,  lo  lier  great  ailri'vliloieat, 


aiiit  oilier  a 


iVroiits 


Records  of  tiie  I'liilcil  ( ' 
The  same  (m 


WllllCSSfS. 


Till 


Ici  (I  ilsclf  n 


nilits,  ill   [III 
J'^'.7■,v^   llio   i 


llaz((nl,  ii.  1,! 
rtf  .¥(' 


\i'iicnm  an 


I    Ai. 


iriishars  were 


seen  on  tile  amoiii;'  our  Slitti  l'n>ifi 


'   (iraiiilsoii  of  I'lm.iiiktis,  son  of   Mii'juiis,  ami  lirotiior  of  (i'l  ;-"' :."  ■ 
"  llricl' History,  iO. 

tt  ("a|)laiii    liiiliiiril  ,S'»ii7/i,  ])robalily,  wliu  si^llle. I   <inilo  (.'arlj  in  dial  country.     Wi'   liiul 
1,111  lliere  13  years  before  lliis. 


m 


82 


NINIGIII:T.— DIVISION  OF  THE  PKQUOTS. 


[Rdok  II 


cstiitc  ill  N.irni^rarisct.     Alh-r  liaviii<r  fiiiislicd  tlicir  hnsincss,  tlioy  r iv,,, 

a  pass  Cniiii  tin-  aiillioritics  to  ri'tiirii  to  tlu-ir  ow  ii  i-oiinlrv.  'J'liis  (•crtitlcn,. 
or  pass  was  (iistciicd  to  a  stall'  and  rarricd  l»y  oik;  in  Iroiit  oC  tin;  i-cst.  \< 
tliry  were  j.volii^'  out  of  Hostoii  "a  hack  way,"  two  men  met  tliciii,  and  sci^,,] 
li|)on  liini  that  rarricd  tlie  pass.  These  men  wero  hrotliei's,  wlio  had  A,,,/ ,, 
brother  k'dh'd  I)y  Plnlip\f  men  some  time  beloro.  This  Indian  tliey  a('(ii>,,j 
of  kiliinfr  liim,  and  in  court  swon;  to  Win  identity,  and  he  was  in  u  few  dmi 
liaiiiifd.* 

Noiuiihstandinjr  tlirse  afi'airs,  another  embassy  was  soon  nrter  scut  i,, 
Jifisinn.  Ontiie  i5  Septeinher  "the  authority  of  Boston  sent  a  party  "  loiiii|,r 
JVliiiu:nt  to  a|)|)ear  llsere  in  jterson,  to  pive  ai>  acconnt  of  liis  shcltdin-, 
Qi(f/iV//je/(,  tlie  s(piaw-saehem  of  Narrafranset.  J le  sent  word  that  he  \V(j|||,] 
come  "provided  he  mifiht  he  safldy  returned  back."  Mr.  Smith,  "ri\in>r ikvu 
him,  oMi-red  himseW)  wife  and  ciiihh'en,  and  estate,  as  liostajics"  ii»r  his  mi;, 
return,  and  the  end)assy  Hirthwilii  tiepurted  for  Boston.  A  son,f  howcvci,  of 
A'iui^rd,  was  ('epnted  prime  minister,  "he  liimself  beiiip  very  a<re(L" 

(.'aptain  Smitli  accompanied  tiiem,  and  when  they  eaine  to  l{oxi)ury  tln^ 
\vere  met  by  a  company  of  Knfilisii  soldiers,  wJiose  martial  appearaii((  .j, 
frigiitened  them,  tiiat,  liad  it  not  been  for  the  ]>resence  ul'  Mr.  Smith,  \U\ 
woidd  liave  "scaped  as  fnii:i  an  enemy. 

Tiiey  remained  at  J'oston  several  days,  until  "  by  defrrees  they  came  to  tlii,> 
agreement :  Tliat  tiiey  were  to  deliver  the  stpiaw-sa«  hem  within  so  main 
days  at  JJoston  ;  and  the  league  of  jieace  was  then  liy  liiem  confirmed,  wliicji 
was  much  to  the  general  satisfiiction ;  but  many  bad  hard  thoughts  of  ilum 
fearing  they  will  at  last  |)ro\(!  trc^acherous."  j: 

A7«/g?r/  wasop|iosi'd  to  Ciuistianity  ;  not  perbaps  so  niucb  from  ;i  dislulii.f 
of  it,  as  fi-om  a  dislike  «)f  the  jiracfices  (*f  those  who  pi'oft'sscd  it.  Win  iiAJr. 
Mai/hi  ic  desired  ^''inif^ni  to  allow  him  to  jtri-acli  to  his  people,  the  sa^iarimis 
chief  "bid  him  go  and  make  the  Knglisb  good  first,  afid  chid  Mr.  jMaijhtw (,,; 
Lindering  liim  from  his  business  and  labor."  § 

Tliere  were;  other  Niantick  sacliems  of  this  name,  who  succeeded  .Vi/ii'ot/, 
According  to  the  author  of  the  "Memoir  of  the  Mohegaiis,"  ||  one  \\i)\\\.\ 
suppose  he  was  alive  in  171(1,  as  that  writer  Inui^rW  mipposeit ;  hut  if  tlif 
anecdote  iherc;  giv»Mi  be  true,  it  related  douhtless  to  Vluirles  .V//ug/T/,  wIid.  I 
suppose,  was  his  son.  He  is  mentioned  hy  Mason,  in  his  history  of  the  P('i|uot 
■\var,  as  having  rec<'ived  a  |)art  of  the  goods  taken  from  Captain  Sioite,  at  ilie 
time  lie  was  killed  hy  the  Peciuots,  in  1(>34.  Tlie  time  of  his  death  has  imi 
been  ascertained. 

The  hurying-|)laces  of  die  family  of  A'/nigre/  are  in  Cliarlestown,  R.  I.  It 
is  said  that  the  old  chief  was  hiiried  at  a  place  called  Ibirying  J  [ill,  "a  mile 
from  the  street."  A  stone  iu  one  of  the  places  of  iuteniient  lias  this  iiisciip- 
tion : — 

"  Hi  re  kill  the.  Boibj  of  Gcorfre,  the  son  of  Charhs  JVinlgret,  A'f'jig  nf  tk 
JVatlvcs,  and  of  Hannah  his  Wife.     Died  Decern',  y  22,  1732:  aifer/  (>  «io." 

"  lieor^e,  the  last  king,  was  hrother  of  Manj  Sachem,  who  is  now,  [h*'W,] 
sol;'  beir  to  the  crown.  JMarif  does  not  know  her  age  ;  hut  from  data  given  In 
ber  liushaiid,  John  Harry,  she  must  he  about  (i().  Her  mother's  fiitlier  Wib 
Gf  or^e  J\'inis;ret.  Thomas  his  son  was  the  tiext  king.  Esther,  sister  of  Tkimm. 
Cj(orirc,  tlu!  itrotlier  of  .Mary  ahove  iiaiiKMl,  and  the  last  king  crowneil,  <\\n\ 
aged  about  20  years.  George  was  son  of  Esther.  Marij  has  daughters,  hiiliio 
sons."  II 

Oil  a  division  of  the  captive  Pc^quots,  in  1()37,  A'^nigrct  was  to  liave  tuci.iy, 
"  when  he  should  satisfy  for  a  mare  o\'  Eltwecd**  Pumroye\i  killed  by  his  iiicii.'' 
This  rtMiiained  unsettled  in  Iti")!*,  a  space  of  twenty-two  years.  This  ddit 
certainly  ivas  oidlawed !  Poquin,  oy  Poquoiam,  was  the  name  of  the  man  wJio 
killed  the  mare.'it  He  was  a  I'ecpiot,  and  hrother-in-law  to  jMiantuniwmnh, 
and  was  among  those  captives  atisigiied  to  him  at  their  final  disiiersion,  wIku 

*  ()M  liMlinii  <'lironi(l(>,  .m  t  TrohaMy  CalaiMzut. 

X  Olil  liidiMii  Cliidiiicli',  ;j'2.  ^  Doiif^liis's  Siiniiiiary,  ii.  118. 

II  III  I  (\i//.  Afds.f.  I  Hal.  Soc.  ix.  83.  H  IMS.  connmiiiionlion  of  llov.  Win.  Elij. 

**  Familiarly  tallctl  EUy,  probably  from  Eliwood.  it  ilazard,  ii.  188,  189. 


Chap.  IV.]    PR. 

the  Pe<|ii(it  wai 
.  were  at  an  liig 
Ills  death  pre 
consiiliraiili'  |ia 
of  \\iielil  PtK/l 
brother  to  .Ylnii. 
I'r«isvi  I  ,  (it 
of  ii;iiiii'.«,  \\,is 
wlicii  liis  hiiillii 
we  have  seen  a  I 
Kiigiisli,  as  ha 
towards  .Vinigi 
rt'r(ji(l  of  JiiiM : 

WJMIII!  .\T/N^'"/V/ 

war  against  thei 

iiii'i't  at  J{()ston, 

ijiiilcr  .Mr.    Ijev 

roiiiiiiaiider  ill  c 

"was  (11  sdiiiid  t 

met  liy  deputies 

took  place,  as  m 

'J'lie  comiiiissi 

ai'conliiig  to  Mie 

liii'i/i'il  in  the  lit! 

ri'iiiaiiiiiig  ditlici 

ami  iKiiie  appear 

fijioiilil  he  taken 

ill  all  tlic  articles 

sriit,  as  if  tiiev  \\ 

;    old  kettl.'s."     Th 

tilt'  .N'iaiiticks  tlia 

to  flic  \arrai;ansi 

of  .Ma.'^saclciisetts 

wJKit  was  due  to  i 

111'  told  thrin    tl, 

pi'iiiiriiied  the  re 

foimiii.ssioiiers  hi 

s;i('li;iiis  had  raisi 

a|i|i(an'(l,  that  hy  f 

iiiiii  with  the  liidvi 

till'  Miiglisli  and  "/ 

o|H'ii  to  right  tlieiii 

tliH  (irizc  peace  \vi 

Ion;;'  siilfTiiii:-!.  to  i 

Jiivs  lit  siioiiid  he  I 

At  llie  same  con 

'-.Mr.  r,  Ik  mum  h. 

tiny  had  coiuiniltt 

Ifi'lioiintli,  pref'rrei 

till'  in'iici'diire,  it  w 

Tliii,'<  the  Xarrag 

year,  and  uc  do  no 

"tliei's  to  assist  th 

'liiii:;<'ls"  hut  ,'i  .son 

l'i'ii''i|iail  cans:'  of 

''if'.'  Ii  ini'',"  siy  i 

til"  .\aiTag;iii.s(.t  "ini 

Ht^tho  previous   in 

'  Sc,.  Iln-.tnl,  ii.  I;-,, 
T  MS.  Iciior,  siilxscrib 
(.V:iv<.)^ 

\  .MS,  Narraiive. 


[Hook  11. 

tliov  rcccivcil 

'Ills  rcrtilii'iii,, 

tin;   nsi.    \, 

I'll),  aiiii  si'i/.|.,{ 

llO    I  Kill   /((('/(I 

I  they  acciiMd 
ill  a  few  (liiv, 

alh'i-  scut  lo 
)arty  "  to  onlr 
Ills  slicltiriii; 
tliat  lie  Wdiil.i 

/(,  "li\illLMic;ir 
■;"  lor  Ills  >:[i,. 

,  f   llO\\('\ClMi| 

ai:.>(l." 
Koxliiirv  tlii'v 
a|i|)t'araiir(>  m, 
\\v.  Smith,  iliiy 

ny  raiiif  U)  this 
illiiii  so  many 
ntiriiR'd,  whicji 

Lights   (if  liiciii. 

Voiii  a  dislii  lief 

it.     Wlini.Mr. 

',  the  sa^iai'iiiiis 

Mr.  .MoijIiLif  k 

coded  .Xiiiiisnl, 

:,"  II    f)IU'    Wduii 

sed ;  liiit  il'ilif 
'Inlirrd,  wiin,  j 
oftlie  l'('i|iiiit 
II  Stone,  at  liie 
dcatli  lias  nut 

town,  R.  I.  It 
Hill,  "a  mile 
as  this  iiisurip- 

"t,  Kins;  nflk 
}-e(l  (i  Hio." 
i;.  now,  [l-^ift] 
n  (lata  frivciiliy 
r's  liitlier  win 
sterol'  Tlwnm. 
eroviu'd,  died 
lighters,  hut  no 


o  have  twoi.lj, 
■dhy  hisiiii'n.'' 
rs.  This  dilit 
['  the  man  wlio 

Ipersion,  vlifU 

|iiary,  ii.  \^?'- 
-V.  'Will.  Ely. 
,  181). 


Chap.  IV.]    PESS.iCUS.— COMPLAINTS  r.ROUGIIT  AOAINRT  HIM. 


83 


tlic  Peqiiot  war  was  ended  ;  at  whieli  time  Pomeroy  states  "  all  sorts  of  horses 
were  at  an  liigh  |irice."  cMiantinDiomoh  had  agreed  to  pay  thi'  deiiiand,  hut 
his  death  jirexcnted  him.  .V'uii'/rn/  was  called  upon,  as  he  inhniicd  ii 
CDiisiilcrahle  part  of  .l/iVrj/i/>i/io//io/('.'»  estate,  es|iecially  his  part  of  the  I'cipiots, 
of  ulii'iii   PiiiiiKiiiiin   was   one.     He   was   alh'rwartls  called  a  Niatitii-k  and 

bntlicr  to  .\^m^nt*         ....  ,.  .        ,         , 

Pkss.u  I  ,  often  inentioiK'd  in  tlie  preceding  |)ages,  though  under  a  variety 
of  liiiiiH'S,  NN'is  horn  alioiil  Iti'J:?,  and,  eonse(|iieiilly,  \vas  ahoiit  'JO  years  of  ag<! 
when  Ills  hroihrr,  Minntiinnomoh,  was  killed. f  'I'he  same  arhitrary  course,  as 
we  have  seen  already  in  the  pre.sent  chapter,  was  [Mirsiied  towards  him  hy  the 
KiiL'lisli,  as  had  heen  hetore  towards  .Miantunnomoh,  and  still  eonlimied 
towards  Xinisii'it,  and  other  iXarragansc  t  chiefs.  Mr.  t'ohhii  I  makes  this 
ri'coid  of  iiim  :  "'In  the  year  l(i4.5,  jiroiid  Prssncus  with  his  Narragans  ts,  with 
wliiiN!  .\7(n'g/''/  and  his  Niantigs  join  ;  so  as  to  jirovnke  the  English  t'>  a  just 
wiir  against  them.  And,  accordingly,  forces  were  sent  ti-om  all  the  towns  to 
iiH'ct  at  IJostoii,  and  did  so,  and  had  a  party  of  (ifty  horse  to  go  Avith  them 
ijiidrr  .Mr.  fjivnrt,  as  the  captain  of  th(!  horse."  Eilwmd  (lilihons  wa.s 
rdiiiinaiider  in  ehietj  and  Mv.  Thompson,  pa.stor  of  the  chnrch  in  Braintree, 
to  sound  the  silver  trumpet  along  with  his  ariny."§     Hut  they  W(>ro 


«  was 
im'l 


|)V  deputies  from  Pvamcxis  and  the  other  chiefs,  and  an  aceommodatioii 


toe 


k  pi 


ice,  ar 


mentioned  in  the  aecoiiiit  of  .Vnii'gn/, 


riie  couiinissioners,  hiiviiig  met  at  New  Haven  in  Se|)teiiil)er  WAi),  ex|)ected, 
ni'iMinliiig  to  Hie  treaty  made  at  Boston  with  the  Narragansets,  as  particii- 
jaii/cd  in  the  life  <>f  Unrns,  that  they  would  now  meet  them  here  to  settle  the 
ri'iiiaiiiiiig  dilliculties  with  that  chief  But  the  time  having  nearly  expired, 
and  none  appearing,  "the  commissioners  did  seriously  consider  what  coiirso 
should  he  taken  with  them.  They  called  to  minde  their  Itreach  of  eouenant 
in  all  the  articles,  that  when  ahoue  l:W()  liidonie  of  wanipan  was  due  they 
sent,  ns  if  they  would  put  a  seorne  vpon  the  [I'liglish,]  '20  fathome,  and  a  li'W 
old  kettles."  The  iNarragaii.-ets  said  it  was  owing  to  the  liaekwardness  of 
tlif  Maiilicks  that  the  wam|)iiin  had  not  heen  paid,  and  the  iNianticks  laid  it 
to  llic  Narragansets.  One  hundred  liithom  had  heen  s(.'iit  to  the  govi  riioi' 
of  Massachusetts  as  a  jireseiil  hy  the  Niiinticks,  they  promising  "to  s(>nd 
wliMt  was  due  to  the  colonies  inry  sjieedily,"  hiit  he  would  not  ace(^|)t  of  it. 
lie  told  tlii'in   thev  might   leave  it  with    Cnchitnutkin,  and   when  they   had 


(icii'iuiMed  the  rest  of  their  agreement,  "he   would  consider  of  it. 
...  '.      .         .        .  •         th 


'J'hc 


coiMinissioners  had  understood,  that,  in  the  mean  time,  the  Narraganset 
saclnnis  had  raised  wampum  tiinong  their  men,  "and  hy  good  ( iiideiiee  it 
a|i|iiarid,  that  hy  |»r('sents  of  wampum,  tliiy  are  practisinge  with  the  Mohawkcs, 
and  with  the  Indyaiis  in  those  jiarts,  to  engage  them  in  some  desigiie  against 
the  Diiglisli  and  I'nciis.^^  Tie  refore,  "the  commission:  rs  haiie  a  cl.are  way 
open  to  right  tliemseliies,  aceordinge  to  instice  hy  war;  yt-t  to  slcu  how  Iiighly 
tliey  |(ri/<' jieace  with  all  men,  and  particularly  to  manifest  their  II)rheaianee  and 
lorn:- snU'.ringe  to  llirse  harharians,  it  was  agivede,  that  first  ihi;  iliremeniioned 
]iivs  Mt  slioiild  he  returned,"  and  then  a  declaration  of  war  to  follow. 

At  the  same  court,  complaint  was  hrought  against  the  people  ot'  Pissiicu/<  hy 
'•Mr.  I\lhim  on  h  half  of  Hi  hard  Woo  hi  and  .Mr.  Pinrham,^"  [Pinchon,]  ihat 
tiny  had  eominilt.'d  sundry  theOs.  Mr.  lirown,  on  hehali"  of  If'in.  S.iiltk  of 
Hi'lioliotli,  preferred  a  similar  charge;  hut  the  Lidi;ins  having  no  knowledge  of 
the  procedure,  it  was  suspended. 

Thus  the  .Narragansets  were  siiITered  to  remain  iinmole.sted  until  tlw-  next 
year,  ami  we  do  not  hear  that  the  storv  ahout  their  I 


iirinjr 


II 


M 


oliaw  Ks 


and 


"tilers  to   assist   them  against    Unras  and  the  English,  turned  out  to  h  •  any 
lliinirels"  hilt  a  sort  of  hughear,  prohahly  inventecl   hy  the  Mohegaiis.     "One 


pr'nei|i;ill  eaus! 


of  tl 


10  eoim.ssioners  mi 


■etiiiire  together  at  this  time,  \-}{')  .liilv, 


il'.!  hi  Hi!',"  siv  the  records,  "to  consider  what  course  shonl.l  li.'  held  with 


tlie  \, 


irragaiisi 


t  liid 


vans  ; 


the  charges  heiiiir  at  this  time  much  the  sani"  as 


at  ihe   previous   meeting.     It  was  therefore  ordered  that    j'liomns  Stanton, 


Ifn 


rit,  ii.  152. 


(.Ml 


MS.  hiicr,  siibscrib»;il  with  the  mark  of  the  sacliein  Ptimluim,  on  tiio  lilo  at  our  ca|>ital, 


t  .MS.  Narrative. 


$  Mather's  Relation,  and  Hazard. 


I' 


I'. -v;;; 


itt^i, 


<i; 


^i-'  '-■*., ■^-      J- 


81 


l'F,SJ<Ari  .S   KILT.KD  l\\  Tlin  MOHAWKS. 


fll 


(mi(  I 


Bov  !!)•!  .j'lUitfi,  mill  H<Tpriiiit  Jl'm'tc  slioiilil  he  pent  to  I'r.tPiiflfs,  .Vniarrni, 
ati(!  }i'i!hlit  i.iifi,  to  know  Avliy  tlr-y  Imil  not  paid  llic  \vimi|iiun  iis  tlicy  iiirrn,' 
luisl  wliv  tlicy  liii!  not  conic  to  New  llavr-ii;  niid  that  now  tlicy  niiylit  m,,.. 
Vihd.i  \\\  Hosi'jti;  and  tln'rc(orc  wci-i>  advised  to  atfcnd  tlicrc  witlioiii  d.i,,, 
l»iit"\rtli  y  re|ii,«c  or  d  lay,  tliey  intend  to  send  no  more,"  and  they  nij,, 
alil,'  llie  cons(  (|iieMC'v-;.  W'leii  ill"  l''.njflisli  niessen^'<'rs  had  didiviTeil  il,,,,, 
ineh,'a;.'e  to  Pissiirns,  he  s|iol<e  to  tlicni  as  rollo\\'s: — 

"'I'lii'  reason  I  did  net  niei  t  the  I'.nfrlisli  saelieins  at  New  Haven  last  vir.r 
is,  they  did  not  notify  nie.  It  is  trne  I  have  liroken  my  eovf  iiant  tli(,<('itt, 
yeai.j,  and  that  now  is,  nn<l  constantly  lias  lieen,  the  fri'ief  of  my  spirit.  \||i 
the  !■  iison  I  do  not  meet  them  now  at  Hoston  is  lieeanse  I  ai;i  sick.  If  fwin 
hill  pi-i'tty  well  I  uoiild  <fo.  I  liav(>  sent  my  mind  in  full  to  .Viiuirrd,  ;i|„ 
wli;;:  I;'  does  I  will  altidc  \)\ .  I  liav<' sent  Poirpjpiiniutt  v.\\(\  I'omumstih,',, 
and  !ii  ar,  and  testily  that  I  have  lietnisted  my  full  mind  with  ^Vdinrnill.  y,,, 
know  well,  liowevcf,  that  when  I  made  tli.'it  coven.-int  tun  years  a<ro,  |  ijiiii. 
in  li-ar  of  the  army  tliat  I  did  see;  and  tlioiifrli  the  l''n<rlisli  kept  their n,,,. 
nnntwitli  nii',  yet  tiny  were  ready  to  ^'o  to  Narrairanset  and  kill  iiif,  imc 
tin  ( ommlssioners  said  they  would  do  it,  if  I  did  not  sign  what  tlicj  |i;i,] 
writi  n." 

Mni/rtnnn,  anollier  chief,  said  lie  lind  confided  the  l)iisiiio.«s  witli  JViniitnt  Jnsi 
s;ji:iii<:,  and  would  now  abide  hy  whatever  lie  should  do. 

When  the  Kn^ilish  inessi-iurers  retiiriied  and  made  known  what  liiiii  i«ii 
(loin,  the  commissioiirrs  said  that  Pvssdnis''  speech  contained  "s(ii(~iiill  |)a.<. 
sag' s  of  vntiiith  and  ^iiiie,  and  [diey]  wei-e  viisatisiyed." 

What  miasiires  the  Whiles  took  "to  riLdit  themsehu-s,"  or  win  tlicr  nm 
imiiiediati  ly,  is  not  very  distinctly  stated;  hut,  the  next  year,  KMH,  there  \v(n 
soiii,'  miliiary  movements  of  the  l'!ii;;lish,  iind  a  company  of  soldiers  Wiissim 
into  Nana-ianset,  occasioned  by  the  non-payment  of  the  tribute,  and  wiim 
other  less  important  matters.  Pfs-sams,  lia\  iiijr  kiiowli'djre  of  their  a|i|iiiiiiiii, 
fled  to  Uliode  Island.  "  A7//iT(;/"/  eiiliitaine.l  them  courteously,  (tliere  iIih 
staid  the  Lord's  day.)  and  e;i?iie  back  wn'i  them  to  !\lr.  ff'illi(tni.i\  and  tjicr. 
PfssKciis  find  Cdiioniriis^  son,  beinjf  deliven  i'  of  their  ii'iir,  came  to  theni;  ninj 
beinjj  demanded  about  hiriiiff  the  iMohawks  ajrainst  I'nnix,  they  snlinnih 
denied  if;  only  they  confssed,  that  the  ]\loli.  wks,  beinsr  a  great  saclirm.  mi,] 
tlieir  aneiint  friend,  and  being  come  so  near  them,  they  .sent  some  ^0  iiitliiir; 
of  ^\alllpllm  for  liiiii  (o  tread  upon,  as  tlii'  manner  of  Indians  is."'  'I'lif 
matter  seems  t(»  have  rested  hi  re  ;  Pcssuviis,  as  usual,  liuving  j)roinis('(l  wini 
was  desired. 

Tliis  chief  was  killed  by  the  3l<iliawks,  as  we  liiive  stated  in  the  life  f.t'  f'l- 
noniciis:  His  life  was  a  scene  of  almost  perpetual  troubles.  As  lat<'  ihSij^ 
tember,  l(l(ii~',  his  name  slaiuis  tiist  among  others  of  his  nation,  in  a  eiiiii|il;iii;i 
si'iit  to  ili(  111  by  .^lassaehiis  its.  Tli"  messengers  sent  with  it  wi  re.  /,',V': 
//(////,  Captain  //'.  //>(V/i/,  and  Ca|itain  Sam.  Mostb) ;  and  it  was  in  tii:i- 
tliiis  : — 

"Whereas  Ca|)t.  Wm.  Huilson  and  John  llall  of  Hoston,  in  tlio  iiaiac  rf 
themselves  and  others,  proprietors  of  lands  and  iiirms  in  the  Nari;;!:iii!^i 
ooniitiy,  have  eoinplaiiud  iiiilo  us,  [the  court  of  Mass.,]  of  the  great  iii-nl'ii- 
cies  and  iiijiiiies  ofii'red  nnta  them  and  their  jx  opie  l)y  several,  as  hiiinii,: 
tlieir  !iay,  killing  sundry  horses,  and  in  special  manner,  about  one  montii  sii.  , 
forced  sonic  of  their  people  from  their  labors  in  mowing  grass  u|>on  tlieirnttii 
land,  and  iissaiilted  others  in  the  high  way,  as  they  rode  about  their  occa^i(Hi>: 
by  ti'irowiiig  many  stones  at  them  and  their  horses,  and  boating  their  heisisii? 
tliey  rode  upon  them,"  iVc.  '^I'he  remonstrance  then  goes  on  warning  tlirni;n 
desist,  (/r  otherwise  they  might  expect  severity.  Had  Mnneh/ \)i'iu  a;;  will 
known  then  among  the  Indians,  as  he  was  allerwards,  bis  preseni-e  woiilil 
doubtless  have  been  enough  to  have  caused  (piietness,  as  |)erliaps  it  did  rveii 
at  this  time. 


M'tiitiirop's  Joiiriia!. 


[TloOK  II 

irk.l,  .Vc/ifirrnl, 
iis  tlicy  iitrriid, 

irv  lili;!-llt  iiicr 
\vitlmiit  il'lin, 
;iinl  tiny  iiiii.i 
(Idivcrcil  tlii'it 

Invon  last  yipj 
(  n.'iiit  tilt  <!■  \\\, 
my  s|<in!.  Anc 
sick.     If  I  Win 

0  .Viiiiin'd,  111,; 
I'nmumshs  in;. 
V(  ncanill.  Vni 
ciirs  It;:",  I  iliilr 

U('i»t  till  ir  ciivi. 
11(1  kill  me,  imc 

1  wlint  tli(  y  lal 

,itli  .Vnii/rr'/iK, 

n    \Vlli\!    llilll  I'l.; 

(I   "scticrall  [lav 

or  will  thcr  iiia 
KilS,  llicrc  Win 
solilii-rs  WHS  Mil! 
riliiitc,  and  ><m 
f  tlicir  iipiiniiiiii, 
iiiisly,  (llicn-  ilicj 
Hruims\  and  \\n 
iiic  tt)  llii'iii:  iiiij 
s,  tliry  s(i|riiiiil\ 
rcat  sa(dirin,  ii!ii! 
soiiu"  yO  liillimr 
liaiis  is."'     'I'lif 
io-  proiuisi'd  wliii! 

In  the  life  df  f'j- 

As  late  as  Si  ji- 

|ii,  in  a  ('(iiniiWn'i 

1 1   it  were,  Rifh'. 

it  was  ill  ti I'M" 


1  in  tlio  iiiiiar  d 

tli(>  NaniiL'iii'^i 

Jlif  {Tivat  iiiMil'ii- 

Ivcral,  as  liuriiiii: 

1IU'  iiioiitli  sii.  . 

k  u|toii  tli('irii»ii 

their  occjiriiii!^; 

Iir  tlit'ir  iidisi'Siif 

Iwamiiigtln'iiil" 

1(7)/ 1)0(11  as  will 

J  im'si'iicc  wniilil 

l-lmiis  it  did  I'Viii 


^P    v.]        UNCAS— HIS  CHARACTER  AND  CONNECTIONS. 


S5 


(MIAPTKR  V. 


\Jtir\ 


i^fli.i  rhnriirUr—  ('oiiiirrtinns 


-tlfoirnniliii  (if  ll(r  Molirtran  roil  ill  nj — flnir 


ral 


(irriiii 


III  II, 


cltiifiil    Sd'lii' Ill's 


f' llint  lull  nil — I'liriis  jiiii.i  llir    I'.iitilish   iliritiiisl  llir  I'lijinls — I'lipl 


II  r  I II  n 


llriiil — I'isils  HosIdii — Ills  K/iirrl:  In  (iorrriiiir  ll'iiillini/i — S/irri- 


■ii  III'  llir  Miili'lfii'i  liiiii'ii/iirr — Sriiini.s.iiin — '/'//(  irtir  liilirrrii  I  iiriiniind  Mmiilinino 

ilil-l'.niiiiiiiiiliiin    of  its    rmisr — T/ir    Siirriiiriinsr/g    ilitrriiiiiir    lo    iirriii'r    >hrii 

■aril' Ill's  il'ii'l' — l-'orirs  riiisnl  1 1  /irotrrt  I  'iirii.s — l'rss:iriis — (iniit  ilislrrs.i  of  I'liriin 

fjiiiilii   ri'irf  froiii  Coiiiirrliriil — Truilij  of    l(iir> — I'miiirnt  roiniiliiiiits  iii!;aiiist 

li,i;i.i—'ll'itjiiii.iii — Ohrrlii'Linid — Now  Ktji  ,\ — It'oosaiiinjuin. 

I'x  \s  calif'd  also  Poquin,  Poqvoiam,  Poqnlm,  siichcin  of  tiic  iNIohiirans,  of 
wlioiii  \\<'  have  already  had  oceasioii  to  say  (•(Hisidcrahle,  has  \i\\  no  verjr 
fiivonililc  (diaracter  ii|miii  record.  His  lill'  is  a  series  (d"  (diaiijL'es,  without  any 
„'f  tliii.-r  lirilliaiit  acts  of  iiia;;iianiinity,  whiidi  throw  a  veil  over  niiiiieroiis 
('iTi)i-s.  .Mr.  llookin  irives  lis  this  (diaracter  id' him  in  the  year  1(174:  (.Mr. 
Jnims  h'ili'li  iiaviiiir  hceii  sent  alioiit  this  lime  to  preaidi  anion;.'  the  M<die;raiis:) 
"I  am  ant  to  liar,"  says  he,  "that  a  ;rrcat  ohstriictioe  imto  his  lahors  is  in  thii 
saclicMi  (d' those  Indians,  wlMK-ic  name  is  I'nkfis;  an  old  and  wiidscd,  willh! 
a  drunkard,  and  otherwise  very  vitioiis;  who  hath  always  lieen  an 
I  niiderminer  of  |trayiii;r  to  (Jod."*     Never! Ii(des.<,  the  (diaritaldc. 


aiii 


ii|i|i(iM'i'  aiK 


Mr,  lliihliiinl,  when   he  unite  his  Narralive,  seems  to  iiave  had  .«ome  hopea 

tli.'il  lie  was  a  ( 'hrisliaii,  w ilh  ahoiit   the  same  ^rronnds,  nay  hetter,  ]»erha|»H, 

tJiMii  tliese  on  wliiidi  |{islio|>  It'arhiirlnii  (le(dared  I*ojic  to  he  sii(di. 

i        I'luxis  liv(!d  to  a  jrreat  a;;e.     lie  was  ii  sa(diem  Ixd'ore  the  I*e(iiiot  wars,  and 

•'     uii>;  alive  in   KiHO.     .At  this  time,  .Mr.  //i(W(«n/ makes  this  remark  n|ioii  him: 

;i     '-lie  is  alive  and  well,  and  may  prohahly  live  lo  see  all  his  enemies  linritul 

I    l)c)iiivliiiii."t 

I        Fidiii  an  epitaph  on  (>n(>  of  iiis  sons,  coijied  in  the  Historical  (^)llection8, 

^     - I ■■•■'■■'•  '"^  ''"•  "'-iter  there  seems  to  have  done,  "that  the  race  o*' 


we  il"  IK 


iid 


as  the  w 


f     [/V(/.'!    was" oliMox ions  ii 


wiiiririsli 
liiiii.'^i'lf 
follows: — 


f 

collonial  history;"  hnt  rather  atlrihiite  it  to  some 
l'",ni.dishiiiaii,  who  had  no  other  design  than  that  (d'  makiiif,' sport  for 
and   others   of  like    humor.     It    is   npoii    his   tomh-stone,  and  is  as 


'  Here  Mrs  llic  hody  of  Sinisrrto 
()«ii  sdii  lo  I'lii'ii.t  {jriiiiilsoii  lo  (hiplcn[ 


iTi'  llio  liuiiiuis  snclu'ins  of  INloiiKfiVN 
lliov  are  iill  di'iid  I  lliiiik  il  is  irrrlim^ 


^ 


Till'  cnniiectioiis  of  Unra,'!  wer»>  somewhat  nnmerons,  and  the  names  of 
I  several  (d'  them  will  he  (oniid  .as  we  proceed  with  his  life,  and  ( Isew  hero. 
'     OiK^ko,  a  son,  was  the  mest  noted  »d'  them. 

ill  the  heiriiiniiiLr  ol"  .\iiiriist.   Hi?.'),  t/?(rrt,9  was  ord(>red  tt>  appear  at  Uoston, 

.:    and  III  surrender  his  arms  lo  tin'  I'-nj^lish,  and  give  siadi  other  srcnrity  for  his 
:>    iiciiiialiiy  or  eoiiperatinn  in  the  war  now  hegiin    hetwcen    the    Mnglish  and 


\\aill|i: 


IS  iii'irlil  he  reiiiiired  of  hin 


'id 


le   messemrir  who  was  sent  to 


Illlike  this  ri  (|ii':sirKiii,  socii  reiiirin d  to  Hesloii,  accompanied  hy  tliriM'  sons  of 
Uiiras  and  alKUil  (iO  ol"  his  men,  and  a  (inantity  of  arms.  Tin-  two  younger 
sons  were  taken  into  custody  as  hostages,  and  sent  to  Canihridge,  where  they 
were  reiiiaiiiiiig  as  late  as  the  10  XovemlMr  following.  They  are  said  to  have 
lii'cii  at  this  tiiiKi  not  liir  from  MO  vi  ars  of  age,  iuit  their  names  are  not  meii- 


*I  Ci'll.  .l/'.vv.  irixl.  S-X-.  i. '20!!.  iMnlicrk.  since  Mi>ii'\ilh-,  ('oiinecliciil,  alioiit  10  miles 
norlli  III'  \r«  l.diiiloii,  i^  llic  place  "  wliere  I'likas,  and  liis  .miIis,  and  H'ir;///';(i.  are  ^ac  liein-.." 
hUl. 

\  \\\A.  \cu-  iMiij.  ICil. — ■'  .\llliiiiii;li  lie  he  n  friend  lo  die  F.iij;lisii,  yol  lie  anil  all  lils  men 
conliiiiic  |iay^ims  siill,  '  JliTli.     Dr.  /.  Mulhrr.  Uriel'  Hisl.  ■!;■). 

}  'I'lic  wriier  or  scnlpior  no  iloiibt  moaiii  ilie  contrary  of  this,  if,  indeed,  ho  mny  tie  said  to 
liavo  incaiil  any  liiiiiy;. 

^\  gciiniiie  iii(liaii  werd.  and,  as  il  is  used  here,  means,  simply,  tcf//.  "Then  lliey  l)id 
me  slir  my  iiislcp,  lo  see  if  tlial  wi^ro  frozen  :  I  did  so.  When  ihey  saw  dial,  ihuy  siiid  tliat 
was  mirregeii."     SlockweU's  Nar.  of  liis  Captivity  among  the  Indians  in  1GT7. 


mm 


1 ''  »■ ". 

\\'; 

■'/.%■ 

■■  t> 

!^' 

'^  n-'>'^.''iM 

'    wnelfi^Kei-'l 


so 


UNCAS   ASSISTS   IN   OFSTROYINO  THE   PFQUOTS.       [Ho.ik  ||, 


an  ( 


Vpr. 


fioiii'd.*     Oiiikn  was  niiployiMl  with  his  (lO  men,  und  proceeded  on 
ditidii,  as  will  Im-  timiid  stated  elsewlicie. 

I'nriiH  \vas  ori^fiiiaiiy  a  i'e(|ii(>t,  and  one  ol'  the  iiO  war  captains  ot'  ilin 
fanions,  hut  iii-tiited  nation.  Ipon  sume  intestine  eoniinolions,  he  ri'MiJinl 
affainst  his  saeheiii.  '  '  Hct  np  litr  hiniselt'.  This  took  place  ahoiit  the  tim,, 
tlial  nation  heeanie  I.  vn  to  the  r;n;;li>li,  perhaps  in  KIIJl  or  r»;  or,  ih  it 
would  H'cni  lioni  soi  circiiinstances,  in  the  Ik  ^inniiif;  of  the  l*ei|ii(it  um. 
l'il(rs,\  an  author  <>!' .  'i  niiieh  authority,  savs,  that  the  "colonists  dirlnn,! 
Iiiin  Kinj:  of  iMohcfran,  to  reward  liitn  liir  <l(  srrtiun  iSVM.vdri/.'j,"  \Ve  iin  tnM, 
Ity  the  same  author,  that,  alter  the  di  ath  of  I'nnis,  Onk.ko  would  not  deeil  imy 
lands  to  the  colony  ;  upon  which  he  was  deposed,  and  his  natural  hroilur 
Jlhiinihrh,  was,  liy  the  l'!n<rlisli,  advanced  to  tlie  ofiicc  of  chief  sacliun, 
Outkn,\u<\  acknow|i(!;riuif  tin- vali<lity  of  this  procedure,  s(d<l,  in  process  „)• 
time,  all  his  lands  to  two  individuals,  named  Masun  and  Utirri.son.  lint 
iniantime,  .'//;i;«»7rcfr  sold  the  same  lands  to  tlie  I'olony,  A  lawsuit  folluudl, 
and  was,  at  tlrst,  di  eided  in  liiver  of  the  colony  ;  hut,  on  a  second  ti'iai,  Manun 
and  Harrison  fjot  the  case — hut  iitil  the  prn/xrh/;  i\u\  us  P(i(ni  tells  lis, '-ilw 
colony  kept  |>ossession  \\\n\vr  .lliimilirk,  their  created  Kiiifrof  Mohejjaii,"  iiii,| 
''found  means  to  confound  the  elaim  of  those  competitoi-s  without  estahli^!li||(r 
tlieir  own." 

Hy  the  revolt  of  Unras,  the  Peqiiot  territories  becnme  divided,  and  thtit  pjirt 
railed  Mohia!':,  I'V  .MohijXdn,  M\  <renerally  niider  his  dominion,  and  e\ii  nii  i| 
from  near  the  (.'onnecticiit  Hiver  on  the  south,  to  a  space  of  disputed  cdiinirv 
on  the  north,  next  the  Narrajtaiisets.  My  a  recurrence  to  our  account  ei  tlio 
dominions  of  the  I'eipiots  and  Nanagai'sets,  a  jirelty  clear  idea  may  hi'  had 
of  all  three. 

Tliis  sai'hem  seems  early  to  liave  eoiirted  the  (iivor  of  the  Enf(lish,  wliiili, 
it  is  reasonahle  to  sii|)pose,  was  occasioned  hy  the  fi'ar  he  was  in  from  his 
potent  and  warlike  neijfhhors,  liotli  on  the  nort'i  and  on  the  south.  In  .Mii\, 
l(>-'i7,  Ik;  was  prevailed  upon  to  join  the  I'.nglish  in  their  war  U|ioii  ilii; 
Peqiiots.  Knowiiifi  the  relation  in  which  he  stood  to  them,  the  Eiifrlisli  m 
iirst  v.Tre  nearly  as  afraid  of  Uiint.t  and  his  men,  as  llay  were  of  the  l'e(|ii(iis, 
Hut  when,  on  tlie  15  of  the  same  month,  they  had  arrivi'd  at  Sayhrook  tiiit,  n 
circumstance  happen<'d  that  tended  much  to  remove  their  suspicions,  and  in 
r<'lated  hy  Dr.  Jilntlur  as  follows :  "Some  of  I'nras  his  men  heinp  tliin  at 
Sayhrook,  in  order  to  assistiii}:;  the  I'lifjlish  against  thi"  I'eipiots,  espied  siviii 
Indians,  and  slily  encoinpa8sin}f  them,  slew  five  of  tiiem,  and  took  oni'  jirisdii- 
cr,  and  hroiight  him  to  the  Knplisli  lint,  which  was  {Treat  satisfaction  and  ni- 
coiira^rement  to  the  Kiifrlish  ;  who,  hi  fore  that  e.xiiloit,  had  many  fi'ars  tein  li- 
iiifT  the  fidelity  of  the  Mohi'afi  Indians,     lie  whom  they  took  prisoner  was, i 

IM'rtidioiis  villain,  one  that  could  speak  lli'frlish  well,  having  in  tinies  |ia>t 
iveil  in  the  fort,  and  knowing  all  the  I'lnghsh  there,  had  heen  ai  the  slaiiiriitn- 
ing  of  all  the  I'iiiglish  that  were  slaughtered  tliereahoiits.  He  was  a  ceiitiii- 
iial  spy  alioiit  the  i()rt,  informing  Sussnrvs  of  what  In'  could  learn.  Winn 
tiiis  hloody  traitor  was  executed,  his  limhs  were  hy  violence  pulled  fi'imi  inin 
niiotlier,  and  hiirned  to  ashes.  Some  of  ihc  Inilian  execiitioicrs  harlifireiisly 
taking  his  flesh,  they  gave  it  to  one  another,  and  did  eat  it,  withal  sinking 
uhoiil  the  fire."f 

Noiwitlistaiuiing,  botli  Unras  and  Mimilvnnomnh  were  accused  of  lijirlifiring 
fugiilve  1*1  (jiiots,  after  the  Mystic  fiirht,  as  our  acceiiiits  will  ahunilanlly  pidvc, 
It  is  true  they  had  agreed  not  to  harbor  tliem,  hut  perhaps  the  phi'aiillin)|ii<t 
will  net  judge  them  harder  for  erring  on  the  score  of  mercy,  than  their  Kiii;- 
lish  frii  lids  for  their  strictly  religious  pi  rseverance  in  revenge. 

A  traditionary  story  of  Unras  pursuing,  ovi  rtaking,  and  executing  a  Prqiiot 
sachem,  as  given  in  the  Historical  (.'ollections,  may  not  Ix'  iiiiipialilli  illy  t 
It  was  after  Mystic  fight,  and  is  as  (idlows:  i\!o>t  <<i'  the  I'liglish  f(i"c(S| 
sued  the  liigiiives  hy  wati f,  westward,  while  some  followed  hy  land  wiili 
Unras  and  his  Indians.  At  a  point  of  land  in  (inil(()rd,  they  caine  ii|ioiiii 
great  !'( quot  sachem,  and  u  fi'w  of  his  men.     Kiiowii  g  tiiey  were  ]»uisim{!, 


HIP, 

Mir. 


*  Old  Imiiaii  (^liroiii<le,  l.'i. 

X  Ucluiiuii  of  ilic  Tfoii'  'js,  &c.  46. 


t  In  ills  Ilisl.  of  Coiiiiuclitiil. 


Cii*P.  V.J 

ihcy  had  gi 
Jiiue  paissi'd 
|ii>  iiieii  to  s 
(4ii!'il,  swam 
>\,'i\laid,  and 
deiilli.      i'lir 
the  crotch  o 
a  gnat  man 
iiiiiii '  l!if  lia 
Ik.Matlai 
i'liriis.      Ilr  I 
|iiir.>iiit  of  the 
(iC  Ahiiionow 
'•Siiiiie  scalt 
Hiilieiii,  hetii 
till'  iiaiiie  of' 
/  '(I((m',«  li' 
thrill ;  and  w 
iiii|irii\(ike( 
rcliitidiis ;  am 
fi'iiiii  ilieir  mo 
Ki.!,',  '•  Uii/ais 
lliwy,  came  n 
UiijiKS,  and 
Tills  was  at  c 
liail  give  n  sat 
liiiii'li  (I'jeclei 
al'ii'i',  having  r 
iiiL'  to  siiiiinit 
the  (lilll'l-enCi  s 
Ami  iiiioiit  iia 
iiig  •  »recli.     . 
"'iVii*  hiarl 
mnml  me  antj  il\ 
aptinst  the  Eitfi 
(leallif  were  lie  n 
"!5o  the  gov» 
dii't,  and  gave  t 
tu  all  men,  &n: 
Tor  the  grati 
tioiis  on  tiie  Ml 
(liiilect.    "  JVog 
m-an-ne  an-nu- 
weli  mil  pum-mi 
lie  (tun-rliu-wut- 
wm-nuh  noo-noi 
Ohq-ii-ut-ii-mou 
mon-woi-e-auk  i 
qmu-rhth-si-ii-k 
mtum-kh-keh. 
an-woi ;  es-lah  i 
in-mi-een." 

Such  was  the 
Nipiniicks;  or  s 
stand  tin;  other  1 
Unras  was  sa 
iiicii,  on  the  par 
the  infant  settJen 

*  Hist,  auilford, 
t  His  iiariie  is  not 
J    WiiUhrop,  Jou 


?.       [HoiiK  II. 

on  an  txpi,. 

ptnins  (if  ilint 
<,  ln"  rt'\()||(i| 

llOlIt    till'    tilliM 

ir  r> ;  <  ir,  ns  it 
'  I'lMiniit  War. 
nists  ilifliiriil 
We  an  tiild, 
I  not  ilccci  iiiiv 
itiii'ul  liriiili.r, 
•liicf  saclii'iii, 
ill  |irtMi'ss  i,| 
iirrison.     Iliii, 

.VSIlit  liillnuiil, 

III  trial,  .IWiii 
S  Irlls  us,  "|li(> 
M(>lii'}:aii,"'iiiii| 
int  t'Htalilifhiii!,' 

1,  (ind  that  juirt 
,  anil  cxtiihi  (I 
spiiti'd  fiiiiiitry 
account  III  ilu! 
L'li  may  lie  liiul 

Knplisli,  wliiili, 

as  in  li'oMi  Iih 

until.     Ill  Mil}, 

war  ii|)tiM  tlni 

the  Kntrlisli  lit 

of  tllC   I'i'lllHilS. 

Saylirook  tiii-t, a 
isiiicioiiH,  anil  is 
icinp  llii'M  lit 

(■S|ti('ll  S( Mil 

ook  one  lirismi- 

stiiction  ami  ni- 

iliy  li'ars  tiiiirh- 

;  prisoiirr  wassi 

f  ill  tinn's  jii.jt 

1  the  slaiijrlitir- 

•  was  a  coiilin- 

Irani.     Wlim 

Hilled  rnuii  mil! 

ITS  liarliariMisly 

withal  siii;;iiig 


'd  of  hiirlinriiii; 

|iiiiilaiitl>  |irinT. 

|ilii'aiitliii>|'i?t 

Ithan  their  Kni,'- 

k'ntii^jl  a  Prqiiot 

Jiliialitii  lilv  tnip. 

lish  fiii-cisinir- 

fl   by   land  wiili 

>y  came  u\m\ti 

"were  iHirsih'il, 

If  Coiuicclii'iit. 


Cm*'''  V.J 


U^CAS.— .M()lIi;«AN    i.i.NCil  A(iE. 


87 


■    \ 


a  Ijaieiii   |ieiiiiisiila,  "iio|iiii;4   their  piirMiierH   would 
liiii  I'li'iin  knew  liidiairM  eiall,  and  onlered  wome  ol" 


,|„\   had  ^'1 i"l'»  »" 

liaNc  jiasseil  h\   them. 

li,  iiii'ii  to  SI  arch  that  puiiil.  Tlie  IVipioi-  pi  ieei\  in;;  that  llnN  were  piir- 
wii'il  swam  over  the  moiilli  of  the  har'ior,  wldeli  is  narrow.  Hni  tlie>  wen; 
WiiNl'aid,  ami  taken  as  tliey  landed.  The  saeli.  in  Was  s.iil,  need  to  lie  shot  to 
'        '  Uncus  i-U>tl  him  with  an  anow,  cut  oM"  his  liead,  and  stink  it  up  in 

harhor.  wliere  tile  >kiill  ninaim  d  li 


di'iilli. 


the  cnttch  of  a  larjfe  oak-tret!  near  the  liarhor,  wlieie  tlie  >kiill  ninaim  .1  lor 
a  miat  many  \''ais."'  This  was  the  origin  of  S.vciikm's  IIkaii,  hy  wliieli 
nam    the  harhor  of  (Jnillitnl  is  wrll-known  to  coa.sirrrt. 


'  Dr.  .l/(i//icr  n'lonls  the  e.vpi'dition  of  the  i;ii;jrisli,  Imt  makes  no  mention  of 
iiini's.  lie  says,  they  .set  out  iVoni  Sayhnrnk  fort,  and  "sail  •d  w.  stward  in 
niir.'uilof  the  i'eipiot.--,  who  were  tied  that  waj.  Saihii;;  aloiij;  to  the  w.  siu.iril 
',t' Miiiioiiowiiltnck,  th''  wind  noi  answi  rin;;  tlair  di  sires,  iney  cast  aiiclior.'' 
'•.-ioiiie  scait  •riii;;  l'ei|nols  were  then  taken  and  Nlain,  as  also  the  I'l  ipiot 
Hirlicm,  l>eli>n' e\pn  sseil,t  had  his  head  cm  oli;  whence  thai  place  dal  liear 
the  iiaiiicof  Sa(  iikm's  IIkmi."  J 

t'nais'n  li'ar  of  the  I'eipiots  was  doidithss  the  cause  ol  Ins  hostility  to 
tliiiii;  and  when  he  .siiw  them  vampii-hed,  he  proltahly  he;;iin  to  n  h  lit  hi.s 
iiiiiiriivoked  severity  towards  his  comiir\iiieii,  many  ol'  whom  wi  n'  h.s  near 
rrlaiions;  and  this  may  account  for  Ins  endeavors  to  screen  some  ol  tiiem 
fimii  their  iiion-  viiidii't'ive  enemies,  'i'lie  mxt  sjiriiifr  after  the  war,  5  .M.iich, 
Kvl,",  '•  (v'dAa.'*,  alias  Olioio,  the  Moiiali.  Lian  sacheni  in  the  twist  ot"  I'eiiiiod 
Uiver,  came  to  iJoston  with  .■<7  m  ii.  lie  came  lioin  ( 'onnecliciit  wilii  .Mr. 
KiijiuSf  and  tnid.  nd  the  f;overiior  a  prtseiit  of  'M  tiithom  ot'  wampum. 
Till"  "as  at  court,  and  it  was  ihonjiht  111  hy  the  eomicil  to  refuse  ii,  tiU  hi; 
liail  ;iiv(  n  satisfaciion  ahont  the  1*.  ipiots  he  kept,  cVc.  Upon  tins  he  was 
iiiiiili  il  jected,  and  made  account  We  wdiilil  have  ki.l.  il  him;  hut,  twodi}8 
iii'trr,  having  received  jiooil  satisliiclion  of  his  iimoi-ency,  «.Vc.  and  he  piomis- 
iiiir  I,)  siihmit  to  the  order  of  the  Ihi^lish,  toiichiiig  the  I'dpiois  he  had,  and 
the  ilitli'n'iici  .s  hitween  tlie  r>'.'.rrat:aiisetts  and  him,  we  aecepli  d  his  jms  iiU 
Anil  aiioiit  half  an  hour  after,  li  ■  came  to  the  jfovi  riior,"  and  made  tiu'  lollow- 
iji"  •  irecli.     Layiiij^  his  hand  upon  his  hreasi,  In;  .said, 

"  'I'lits  licdrt  is  not  mine,  but  ^ours.  I  luivr  nu  men  :  thctj  arc  all  yours.  Con- 
maml  mt  uuji  dijjirull  /'ii/),ir,  /  "'''/  do  it.  I  will  not  Itdure  anij  //ii imi.s'  wonls 
Ojiiiinst  the  Englisli.  If  uni/  man  shall  kill  an  Knglishman,  1  will  put  him  to 
dtath,  were  he  never  so  dear  to  me." 

"So  the  fioveriior  ffiw  him  a  fair  red  coat,  and  defrayed  his  and  his  men's 
dirt,  and  pive  them  corn  to  relit;ve  them  homeward,  and  a  letter  of  protection 
to  all  men,  <S:c.  and  he  departed  very  j'»yful."§ 

For  the  gratiiication  of  the  curious,  we  give,  fi'om  Dv.  Edwnrds^s  "Oh.serva- 
tioiis  (HI  the  Miilikekaiieew  [.Moliegaii]  Language,"  the  Lonl's  prayer  in  that 
dialect.  ".Vo^/i-7iu/i,  ne  spummuek  oi-e-on,  lau<^k  mau-weh  wneh  wtu-k.i-se-auk 
jie-an-ne  nn-nu-woi-e-on.  Taui^h  ne  aun-chu-wul-am-mun  tva-wch-tu-seik  ma- 
u'ch  noh  pum-meh.  J\'e  ae.-noi-hit-leeh  mau-weh  aiv-au-7uek  uoh  hkei)  oie-cheek, 
ne  uunrhu-wut-am-mun,  ne  au-noi-hil-tetl  neek  spum-muk  oie-cheek.  J\Ln-c- 
nnu-nuh  noo-nooh  wuh-ham-auk  tiptogh  nuh  uh-huy-u-tam-auk  nf!:um-mau-weh. 
Olui-u-id-n-mou-we-nau-nuk  au-neh  mu~ma-choi-e-au-keh  he  anneh  oluf-u-ut-a- 
muH-woi-e-auk  nuni-peh  neek  niu-ma-chth  an-nch-o-(ptau-kiet.  Cheen  hqu-uk- 
qmn-ehth-si-u-keh  an-neh-c-henau-ntth.  Pan-nee-weh  hlou-we-uau-nuh  neen 
vuium-teh-keh.  Kc-ah  ng-weh-cheh  kwt-ou-wau-wih  mau-weh  noh  pum-meh;  kt- 
an-woi ;  es-lah  aw-aun  tv-tin-noi-yu-wun  ne  au-noi-e-yon ;  han-wee-ioeh  ne  kt- 
in-noi-een." 

Such  was  the  language  of  the  Mohegans,  the  Perpiots,  the  Narragansets  and 
Ni|)iiiiicks;  or  so  near  did  they  a])i)roach  one  another,  that  each  could  under- 
staiiil  the  other  through  the  united  extent  of  their  territories. 

Uncus  was  said  to  have  been  engaged  in  all  the  wars  against  his  coimtry- 
iiioii,  on  the  part  of  the  English,  during  his  life-time.||  He  shielded  some  of 
the  infant  settlements  of  Connecticut  in  times  of  troiihh^s,  especially  Norwich. 


*  Hist.  (iitilfoiJ,  ill  1  Col/.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc. 
t  His  iiniiic  is  not  montioiicd. 
j   WiiUlirop,  Jour.  i.  12Ga-6. 


100. 


t  Ucialioii.  I',). 

H  AlCs.  toiinauulculiun  ol  lu;v.  Air.  Ely, 


,  i 


88 


UNCAS.— TKKATMK.NT  OF  MIANTUN,N()M()II. 


[n.mK  II 


in 
I.: 
pniri'iilij 

|iiiiii>||i,|: 


To  till-  iiilial»itniitH  ut'  tliiN  tnwii  llir  iMi>||)'^iiiiM  Hrciiinl  more  |itii'tirii|tir|v 
ailarlii'il,  |iriiliiilil\  tViiiii  (lif  rirnihisiiihi'i'  of  soiim'  of  iis  Kt'ltlrrs  Imvin'^r 
nlirvt'd  ilinn  wlirn  Immh  ^nl  l),\  .Viiiifunt,  as  will  lie  liiiiiul  nli.i.'.l  in  n,,, 
riiMiiij,'  liisi(»ry.  'I'ln'  rciiiiiiuil  "il"  ilic  .Mnlii'y:,'iiis,  in  I7tlf',  ssa.x  hiiiIiiI  ji,  ii,,, 
liDi'tli-i'ii.'-l  riii'iii'i'  III'  i\i'\>  Liiiiiliiii,  aliniit  li\i'  iiiilrs  hoiith  (if  Koruicji;  „( 
wliicli  jilari'  till'}   iiail  ii  I'rNrrxatioii. 

'riir  AI(iii('j,'ai!H  luiil  a  l>iii_\  iii>f-|»lac<!  callrd  (lie  lloyal  Iniriiliifi-vrintnl,  ni\ 
this  was  set  apart  t'ur  ilic  liirnilv  of  /  'nran.  Il  is  closi'  In  tlir  iiills  nl'  ihc  Miium 
calli'il  N  untie  KivtT,  ill  iN'iiiwitlM'ily  ;  "  a  hraiililiil  ami  iKiiiaiilir  s|mii."  'I'i,, 
^'iKiiiul  f(iiilaiiiiiiir  till-  ;.ni\c  ol"  I'luua  is  at  |tn.-.<iil  owmd  liy  ('.  (iitilJunl,  I.  - 
ul' iNorwifJi.  This  griitluimii  litis,  M-ry  liiudahly,  cuiisi'd  tiii  uiiUisiiii' toi,,. 
ml  aliiait  it.' 

Whin  the  ciiriiinissioiit'i's  ol' tlir  I'liitrd  Colimii's  had  iiitt  in  llil'l,  rum. 
plaint  was  iiiailr  to  tlirin  l>y  riinui,  that  AliiiiihiiinDiiKtli  had  <'iii|iloyi'd  a  IN  >{i;m 
t<  kill  him,  and  that  thi>  I'cipiot  wa  unc  of  his  (iwii  sniiiici.-.  lie  slmi  //» i, 
with  an  ari-ow,  and,  not  doiiliiin;;  hut  iliat  he  had  an-i>nipli>iH-<l  his  pin'|i'.., 
"  llrd  to  th<-  Nanohi^ruansclM,  ur  thiir  ninli'diralcs,"  and  proi'lainird  tliiil  li 
iind  Killt'd  him.  "  Itut  wlicii  it  was  known  I'lims  was  not  dead,  iIioiilI, 
woundrd,  the  traitor  was  tauyht  lo  say  that  I'nnis  had  cnt  lhriai;;ii  liisnun 
in'Mi  wilh  a  llint,  and  hir<  d  ihr  I'l  (pint  to  sa\  he  had  ."hot  and  killril  Im,, 
.Miliiiih'iiitiiii)  licini;'  si'nt  fur  hy  tin'  jtom  riior  of  llic  .Mas.-achnsctts  upim  aimili.  ;- 
oiTusion,  hroii^rht  the  I'ojMot  N\illi  him:  lait  when  this  <lis;.misc  wuiiM 
8(>rv(',  and  that  tin'  lln^^dish  out  i;f  his  Ithc  I'cipiotV]  own  month  I'oiniil 
piiilty,  and  would  have  suit  him  to  f'luus  his  ^ajiiunorc  to  In- 
Uiiu\\is\,  Mi/tinllnonio  desired  he  nii;;lit  not  Im>  taken  itni  of  I;'',   iiaiids, 

[tiaitj  III'  wonid  send  [him]  hiiiisilf  lo  f'iKUS  to  he  .'saii.iiied  tiiid 
lilt,  eiiiiirary  to  hi.^  promise,  and  li'arill^^  as  it  appears,  his  own  tnni'liiiA 
iiii;jht  he  diseoiiered,  he  widiin  a  <la)  or  two  cut  olf  the  I'eacoti's  lieMil,  i|ii,i 
he  ini^dit  tell  no  tales.  Aller  this  ;-(>me  attempts  wore  made  to  |ioiso!i  I'n'Uf, 
and,  as  is  reporteil,  to  take  away  his  life  hy  sorcery.  That  i)tui:f(  diM-ovi nd, 
home  of  Si(iiutsstiii\'<  company,  an  Indian  >aL^ainore  allii  d  to,  and  an  iminiii' 
confederate  with  .Mi/<i)iluiuiii(>,  shot  at  I'liriis  as  he  was  jxoiii;,'  down  ( 'oiici  tm,  i 
River  with  a  arrow  or  twn.  /'/(n/.v,  aeeordinjr  to  ilie  tiiresaid  ajirn  an  m," 
which  was,  in  case  of  ditliciilty  hetween  iheiii,  that  the  Eiijiiish  sJuiiiM  !»■ 
applied  to  as  umpires,  complained  to  them.  They  endeavored  to  lirinij  .\iii(iit 
a  peace  hetween  Uncus  and  .SV^yi/fM.so/i ;  lint  Srijiiii.ison  woi.ld  hear  to  no  inii'. 
tiires  ol" the  kind,  !iiid  intimated  that  he  should  lie  born.' out  in  his  rcsohiiinn 
hy  M'uuitunnomoh.  The  result  was  tli(>  war  of  which  we  have  j.'1m'ii  im 
acciaint  in  the  lite  nf  .Mlitnlunnoinoh.  We  have  also  spoken  there  of  ili 
ujreiicy  (if  the  Kiifjlish  in  the  alliiir  oi'JIiimhiiniinnoli^s  death  ;  hut  tiiat  nn  ii;;lii 
niity  h(>  withiield  which  can  in  any  way  n  lleet  npun  that  im|iortaiit  as  wdlii^ 
nielaiiclioly  event,  we  will  i^ivc  all  that  the  ediiimissioners  have  recordcil  in 
tiieir  records  conccrninjf  it.  But  lirslly,  we  slioidd  notice,  that,  aller  J/wii/ini- 
no  noli  was  taken  prisoner,  ilie  Indians  atliniied,  (the  adherents  ol"  I'nm: 
(loiihtless,)  that  .MIiDitunnoiiioli  had  eiii;a;j;ed  the  ?doliawks  lo  join  him  in  hi- 
wars,  anil  that  they  wire  then  tiicamped  only  a  day's  jonriiey  I'roin  tlic  Irmi- 
tiers,  waitin<j:  for  him  to  attain  ]iis  lilierly.     The  record  then  proccMuls: — 

"  Tli('S(!  thiiiifs  hein^f  duly  wei<f|ied  and  considered,  the  coinmis,>i(!ii  r^ 
apparently  see  that  /'/(ci/.y  cannot  he  sali-  while  .Mi/anlinomo  lives;  hiil  tlnii, 
oitluT  hy  secret  treachery  or  open  I'orce,  his  liii!  will  he  still  in  iliiMirir. 
V\  herefore  they  think  li."  may  jiisti_\  put  such  a  false  and  hlood-thirsty  cndny 
to  death ;  hilt  in  his  own  jurisdiction,  not  in  the  En;r|is||  plantations.  AiiJ 
advisinj,'  tliat,  in  the  manner  of  his  death,  all  nu^rcy  and  moderation  he  slmwil, 
contrary  to  the  |tractice  of  the  Indians  who  exercisi;  tortures  and  cniiln, 
And  /';ici/.<!  haviiiji'  hitherto  shown  himself  a  friend  to  tht;  l')n<,disli,  and  in  llii* 
craving  their  advice ;  [tin  rellire,)  if  the  Nanohig^ansitts  Indians  or  olln  i? 
ehall  unjustly  assault  fncus  for  this  execution,  upon  notico  and  rc<|iicst  tk' 
lOnglish  jiromisu  to  assist  and  iiroliict  him,  as  far  as  they  may,  against  such 
violence." 

We  iircHiime  not  to  commcntat(^  upon  this  affair,  hut  we  would  ask  wlictlier 


*  3  Coll.  Mass.  Ihst.  Soc.  iii.  133. 


fll.MlK    II 

|tartini|iir|y 
tins  iiiiMii^ 
•liili-.l  ill  III,, 
'illi'il  ill  ilii 

^ilHU'uli;   1,1 

■irroHiiil,  ;iii,| 

)!'  llic  hiruiiii 

Sjint."     Tl,, 

idlliltird,  y.  ■;. 

cluhiirc  loU- 

I   Kit^l.  I |. 

i\t'tl  11  I'l  i|i;',i 

IC  sllOt   I'lir.ti 

his  |)iir|i'r:.,, 

illll'il  tlilll  Ir 
llcllli,  llllill'.'li 
llli^'il     IllsilWii 

\  kilK'd  lu:,i. 
iipiiii  niiiiilMr 
sc  would  i.ii 

ill  rnUllil  li.i 
III'    prtiri'i  ill  J 

ids,  iinijniMii:. 
lul  |llllli^llMl: 
iwii  tniifli.  n 
ill's  lif:id.  ilii'.. 
poison  I  ;i  II..', 

\'ir  (|i-;'llVI  lr,|, 

11(1  ail  imiiiiii' 
Ul  ( 'ollfrtiir,  i 

li    IIJilTI  lllllll," 

isli   slidiilil  ill' 
to  liriiii;  ;,Im'1,', 
ar  l<)  nil  ii'.i I- 
his  rcsdliiiinii 
lavi-  };i\i'ii  iiii 
tiioro  of  ill 
t  tliat  no  li:;l.i 
taut  as  willii'i 
('  rci'oi'dril  111 
ill('r^Wi(/ii/iiii- 
iits  of  Vims 
ill  him  ill  hi- 
Voiii  thi'  frou- 
ccds: — 
oiiiinis.'-iiMi  r> 
■cs;   Imt  lh;ii, 
ill  ill  diiiii'ir, 
thirsty  tm my 
latioii.-'.    Aii-1 
)U  hv  sliiiw'  il, 
and  cnii'ltv, 
li,  and  ill  llii^ 
lans  or  "tlni'^ 
i(l  nM|iit'st  till! 
a^rainst  siu'li 


ask  wlit'tlicr 


CH»r.  V.J 


UNCAS. 


80 


,^:0*r^hf. 


IH 

a«l 


it  (lor-M  not  npjH'nr  as  proliaMi',  lliat  Tiir  f,»  had  conr- rti-d  ihr  p| m  wlili  h 
|»,(Miol  Hiilij'ft  lor  til!'  <l  •^'l^l(•lio||  of  .Miiiiiliiiiiiinii'<li,  as  ilmt  tin'  I  iiti  r  lia 
iil'ntiiil  t'lr  thi'  iltstriHiion  o|"  tin-  liirnnT.  IHm-,  why  did  Miitntunuitinnh  put 
tl ,.  Pciiiiot  to  dralh  't  Thf  <M>iiiiiiir./<iiiiirrs  do  not  say  lii.il  ili  ■  IN  (|ni>t  had  liy 
Illy  I'onli'ssioii  anv  how  iiiiplifiili  d  .Mi'inhinnnmnli.  .\ow,  if  ilii,*  |'ii|iint  hatl 
lirciM'niplovi  d  h.\  him,  it  tloi'S  not  ..<(cm  at  all  likclv  ihil  li.-  w.mld  lia\c  put 
1,1,, I  1(1  dralii,  fspcfiatly  as  lir  had  not  ari'iis  d  him.  .\iid,  on  tin  otlit-r  hand, 
if  In-  hail  arkiiowlfdjfcd  himsflf  jfnilly  of  altiMiiptinu;  the  lit'-  of  his  own 
(wi'liriii.  that  it  miirht  In-  rliar)fi'd  upon  oihrrs,  it  is  to  iis  a  plain  reason  why 
Miiiiitii'niiom'ih  shoiilil  put  him  to  dniih,  h  in;.'  fully  satif^lii'd  of  his  i.niilt  upon 
lii^  ciWM  confssion.  It  may  he  cfiiicliidcd,  llirr.  (on-,  that  thf  plot  afiaiiist 
/  wits  .vas  of  his  own  or  lii.^  I'cipiol  -iili)rct's  planning',  'rin-  l*i  ipiot's  f.'oiii<» 
uwr  {nMlitiitiiiinoninli  tiir  proticiion  is  no  t'\idi  iht  ofiliat  chi  I",-  pariii  i|i  iiimi 
ill  his  plot.  And  it  is  hi;.dily  proiiahh'  that,  atlrr  ihry  had  I.  Il  llii'  r'.iij:l:«li 
(Miiiri  his  i-rini"  was  ajrifravatrd,  in  .Ui'(»i^(/j'iom>/i',<  \ii'W,  hy  s,iiii'  new  ron- 
(;.,.,i(iii  or  iliscovcry,  which  caii-i d  him  to  he  forihwith  rvrciircd. 

\^  tlioiiirh  wi'llassiiri'd  that  the  iiistncss  of  their  iiilerfrr  nee  would  I)« 
riillnl  in  ipieslioM,  the  eommissio'ii  Ts  slmrily  athr  added  aiioiji;  r  riaiis  •  to 
their  r  cords,  as  mneli  in  exonenitioii  of  their  eondiiei  as  th 'n  emilj  rmd 
wards  ill  wliieli  to  express  themsi'ives.  'I'liey  ar;.'iie  ih'it,  "  wh  r.as  Vncnit 
WHS  lahisi'd  [liv  them]  to  take  away  the  lite  of  .Mlnnliiiiii'imoli  wlios'  lawful 
ciipiive  he  was,  til'  y  (the  Narraiians  Is]  may  well  imihrsaiid  that  lliis  is  witli- 
oiil  \i"lalioii  of  any  eovenani  hrtweeii  llein  ami  iis ;  I'or  f'luii'^  heiii','  in  eon- 
ti'ilnation  with  lis,  and  one  that  hath  diliireiilly  ohs"r\ed  his  euviiiants  hi't!>rn 
iiiciilioiied,  for  aii^'hl  we  know,  and  re(prninv'  advii-e  from  lis,  upon  s'  rioiis 
(•(iiisideration  of  the  premises,  vi/,.  his  treaeheroiis  ami  iiiiir<lerons  dispi  siiion 
niTiiiast  Uivns,  N:e.  and  how  ijreat  a  distmher  he  iiath  !»."!:  of  the  coiimiori 
iMiice  (if  the  wliide  comitry,  we  eoiild  not  in  respect  (»f  the  Jnstiee  of  the  case, 
tmti'tvof  the  country,  and  faidiftihie.s.s  of  our  friend,  do  otherwise  tli:ui  approve 
(/(■  the  lawfulness  of  his  death  ;  which  ayreeiinj  so  well  with  llie  Indians'  own 
iiiiiimers,  and  concurring  with  the  practice  ol'  oiIk  r  nations  with  wln'in  wo 
ui'e  iici|ii:iiiited  ;  we  persuaded  ouir.'lves,  however  his  death  may  he  ;,'iie\()U8 
at  present,  yet  the  peaeeaiil  •  fniits  of  it  w  ill  yield  not  only  matter  of  safety  to 
tlie  Indians,  lint  profit  to  a!l  that  inhahit  this  continent." 

It  is  helii'ved  that  the  reader  is  now  put  in  possession  of  ev(^ry  thiiijj  that 
the  I'liiLdish  could  say  for  themselves,  upon  the  execution  of  Mlitntu Di'iiinh, 
lie  will  tlierefon!  he  aide  to  decide,  whether,  as  we  have  stated,  their  judf^- 
iiieiit  was  maih^  up  of  on«!  kind  of  cvid 'iice  ;  and  whether  the  Nairafjaiisi'tH 
iiiid  any  lawyers  to  advocat(!  their  caiisii  helon?  the  coiimiissioners, 

A\h'v  ^flalltllnnoml>h  was  ("xecnted,  the  Nirra^'ansets  demanded  satisliiction 
of  Viiran  for  the  money  tin  y  had  raist'd  and  paid  tin'  the  redemption  of  their 
fliiet".  This  demand  was  throuj;li  the  Knjxlish  commissioners;  who,  when 
tlicy  were  met,  in  Sept.  I()4I,  depiitiMl  Tliomns  StitiU m  to  notily  hoth  parties 
to  appear  hehu'iMheni,  that  they  mi<;ht  d,  (-idi;  upon  tla;  casi;  a(;cor(rni<!:  to 
tlie  evideiKU!  which  should  \)o  produced. 

It  appears  that  Kirncmo,*  tlici  Niaiitick  sichem,  imnuMliately  de|)iit(Ml 
Wtdowme,  a  sachem,  Pnwp'amet  and  Pumniuiishe,  captains,  1i-oiii  the  i\arni- 
gaiiseis,  with  two  of  their  m(;ii,  to  maintain  tlnur  action  Ix'j'o!--  ihc  commis- 
siiMiers,  and  to  complain  of  soiin;  insolences  of  iJinn.t  hesides.t  On  a  full 
lit'Mriiiff,  the  commissifuiers  say,  tliat  nothiiifr  was  siihstantiated  hy  them. 
"'I'lioiiffh,"  they  say,  "several  discoiirs  s  had  jiassed  li'oiii  Vwns  and  his 
null,  that  f()r  such  (piantities  of  wampum  and  such  piicels  of  other  <:oods  to 
a  ^'leat  value,  then!  tni^lit  have  luien  soin*!  proliahility  of  sparing:  his  lili-." 
llcnee  it  app(!ars  that  Uncas  had  actually  entered  upon  a  ncfiotiation  with 
till'  Xarra<raiiset.s,  as  in  the  lile  of  wV(rtH<i//i)iomo/i  has  heen  stated;  and  it  does 
not,  it  is  tlioiif^ht,  recpiirc!  hnt  a  sli<;lit  ac(pi.iintance  with  the  ;reneral  drift  of 
tln.si!  afiiiin',  to  discern,  that  Uncas  hud  enconragtHl  tlu!  Narragunscts  to  send 


*   riit-  saiTiR  i^ftcrwards  rallod  Nim'zret. 
at  ilmi  i'  ■ 


Juiifimi  was  (ioalillc^s  ihr  proiiniirialioii,  ./  Upiii" 


1  111' samn  inicrwarns  raiiiMi  lyiiuzii-i.  ./Kz/CHif/ was  doaniicss  iiir  proiiniiriaiioii,  ./ npmw 
at  lli:il  lime  iiroii'iiiiicfd  // ,  llicrclnrc  .litnifmo  in  ulil  liiivi;  lii'cii  .Minioliiiu's  iimltTsldod  Kiane- 
vw.     W'iiit'iron  V.  riles  llic  name  AijiniPinu  in  one  iiisiain  >!. 

t  'I'lii'  aullior  ol  Tiihs  of  I'lf  Iiidinns  seems  (iisiiially  confused   ill  allumpling  to  narrate 
iLcsc  alfairs,  but  sci  Iluzard,  ii.  23  and  26. 

8* 


1 1'! 


r'ti'^iii  -.mm.-,-.., 

:'^.^v::(.'ijj«M 

•.■•.''l^i?,'  :»,'     ■■    ■ 


.JO 


UNCAS.— PESj'ACUS. 


[li 


')0K  I 


wampum,  that  is,  tlicir  mnru^y,  iriviii<r  tln'r.i  to  niidcistaiid  tliat  lie  \vonli|  ,,^, 
be  hard  with  tlicni;  in  so  liir,  that  tlicy  liad  inis  rd  to  liis  jr<'ii<'n)sity,;iti(|..|'i, 
liiin  a  coiisidcralilc  aiiioiiiit.     'J'lir  Ncry  liu'if  ol"  it  .sjiows  clrarly,  that  it  u,i,< 
tri('i<  oC  i'nrn.i  to  lca\t!  tii(^  aiiioiiiit  iiidcrmitciy  slated,  wiiicli  f:avc  liim  i;,, 
cliaiic(!,  (that  a  kiiavt;  will  always  s(^i/.(!  i;|.oii,)to  act  accordiiifj;  to  tin;  cijui, 
of  his  own  mind  on  any  prctcncr  at'triwards. 

The  commissioners  say,  that  ''nosiicii  parcels  W(>ro  hrou^lit,"  tl 


lOll^ 

Ins 


ll,i> 


||iiii 


a  few  lines  aller,  in  their  records,  we  read:     "  \iui  (or  that  wanipn 
goods  sent,  [to  lJ)iciis,]  as  they  wnc.  hut  small  jxtrnh,  and  scarce  considc 
for  snch  a  |ini-po; ","  namely,  tlic  redem|)tion  of  their  chii;!':   aiai  still, 
add;    "  I5nt   Uivhh  denieth,  and  the  Narrajranset  depntitjs  did  net  ail, 
much  less  pro\e  iliat  any  ransom  was  a;.'reed,  nor  so  ninch  as  any  i 
bejjiin  to   redeem  their  ioiprisoned  sachem."     'J'herelbre   it   app'.a 
clear  that  Vncds  had  all  the  1'jij.disli  \\\  his  IJivor,  who,  to  |)nserve  his  I' in,;, 
6lii|>,  caressed  and  called  him  their  I'ricind  ;    while,  on  tiie  otl.'ii    haiui.  ii,i 
Barents  lioni  the  iNarrajransets  were  Irowned  npon,  and  no  doubt  labon  I  lunLr 
tlui  (lisadvantaae  of  not  heinjj  jMirsonally  known  to  the  linirlish. 

As  to  the  uuoils  which  Uncus  had  ret-eived,  the  cominissioner.s  say,  ••  \ 
pju't  of  them  [wi  re]  disposed  [of]  by  Miunlnnnomoh  himself,  to  Vnois'  cm;!!. 
Keillors  and  captaii.,-',  liir  some  liivor,  either  past  or  hoped  ['m\  and  pan  wnv 
gi\en  and  sent  to  IJnvns,  and  to  his  s(,iiaw  for  presi-rving  his  lili-  so  loni^.  ;uii| 
usinir  him  com-tconsly  dnrinj;  his  imprisomnent." 

Here  ended  this  matter;  but  liffon;  tlu!  iNarrajfanset  de|tntics  left  the  com-t, 
tli(!  lOiifilish  mtide  them  si^rn  an  ii<rrtM>meiit,  that  they  woidd  not  mak;  w  .r 
upon  Unnis,  "vinill  after  the  next  piantinjr  of  corn."  And  even  tiien.  ii:,!i 
tliiy  shonid  jfivf!  .'50  da\ s' notice  t»  the  English  before  commenciiifr  l.usti.i. 
ties.  Also  that  if  "any  of  the  Nuyant  cii  Peeotts  shonid  make  any  ai-sniji 
upon  Uncus  or  any  ol"  his,  they  would  ileliver  them  u|)  to  the  llnjilisli  toll, 
punished  according  to  their  (himerit-:  And  that  they  would  not  nsr  ;,;;, 
means  to  procure  th(!  IMawhakes  to  omK!  against  FHtY/s  dining  thistn,.,. 
At  t\\{>  siime  time  the  Knglish  took  cue  ran;  to  notify  the  Narragansc  i  ^^^]^. 
missioners,  by  way  of  iwing  them  into  terms,  that  if  they  did  iijoii ^i  ti, 
Mohegans,  all  the  I'Jigl    \i  would  be  upon  them. 

The  date  of  this  .iirreemeiit,  if  so  we  may  call  it,  is,  "Hartford,  the  xvii|iii 
of  Septendter,  l(iJ4, '  and  was  signed  by  lour  J.idi.uis;  one  besides  ti;(i>e 
uumed  above,  called  Chiinoufrh. 

'J'hat  no  passage  might  be  left  open  for  excuse,  in  ease  of  ^var,  it  was  ;;l>i) 
mentioned,  that  "  proof  ol"  the  ransom  charged  "  must  1>  ■  .mukU;  sulislJidur 
to  the  llngiisii  hefoiH!  war  was  begun. 

'J'he  power  of  /'css'tnis  and  .Yiniicrct  at  this  time  was  miieh  (iiared  I  \  i|;f 
English,  iind  tlu^y  wi  rv  ready  to  believe  any  n  ports  of  tin;  hostilt;  (!()iii!;-ii;' 
tlie  iS'arragans.  ts,  w  no,  since  the  subjection  of  tiie  i'cupiots,  had  inailr  !!,i:ii- 
sehcs  mast  rs  of  all  tiieir  neighbors,  e\<'ept  the  I'lnglish,  as  1\h'  l*e(|iii)i-  iii! 
done  I)  l()re  them.     '\'\\v.  iMohejians  were  also  in   ureat  (isar  ol'  tin  in,  as  v,  11 


after 


bel 


lire  the  death  tti'  .Mianlunnomnk :    but  for  whost;   iiiisloriiiM'  in 


I)  iiig  mad-  a  prisoner  by  ii  stri'lagem  of  UnnJi,  or  his  captains,  the  I' 
might  ha\e  s' en  far  greatt.-r  troubles  from  tlnMii  than  they  did,  judging  ;ini 
the  known  abilities  of  that  great  ehi(!f 

There  was  '-a  ni(<'linii  extrjion'iiiiir'  "'oftlm  eommis^iriners  ol'the  I'liiti' 


^ohniie-,  in  .liilv,  Kil.^,  at  lloston,  '-co...  eniiiiir  the  I';-!  ncli  hiisine; 


an. I  \\\< 


wars  between  I'i.ssii  ifi  and  t'ncits  being  biignn."     Their  lirst  business  wisio 
despatch  away  nn^ssttngers  to  recpiest  \\\o,  app('aranc<!  ol'tiie  head  men  el 


llio 


bellii> 


•rents  to  appear 


tlu!ins('lves  at   l$oston,  or  to  send  souk;  of  their  il 


liiv-n,  that  the  dillieulti;  s  between  them  might  be  settled. 

These  messengers,  S(  rg'aiit  J:)liii  Ihtnus,  [Davis  .>]  Hcnedicl  Jlwol I.  ■■■m\ 
Francis  S:ii'illi,  on  their  first  arrival  at  Narragaiiset,  w<  r"  welcomed  li,\  ili' 
sacln-ms,  who  oll'ered  th<;ni  gniiies  t(i  c.oiidiiet  them  to  Ui.cas ;  liiii,  eiil.ci 
lia\iiig  uiidirstood  tlmir  intentions,  or  judging  from  th  ir  iippearai  ce  il.il 
the  llii'.lisli  mess(>ngers  meant  them  no  go<nl,  chaiified  their  di  peitiiriit 
altogether,  and  in  ibo  mean  lime  secretly  d(>spateli<(l  messeiigi  is  in  \\v' 
Nianlieks  belore  them,  ^  iv  ng  them  to  nndersliind  what  wi.s  fioing  lliiuimi. 
After  this,  say  the  mesdc.ngers,  "there  was  nothing  but  pruud  and  iiiMilLiil 


CI 


CiiAi'.  v.] 

n,T-s:)ges  [fro 
tlieiii<i-om  P 
discouraged, 
siiclicnis  sai( 
r.ML'lish  won 
U'll'oiit  Unca'^ 
■      wei-e  resolve 
seliliers  fnmi 
fiiKJ  \v(Milil   pr 
against  tliem< 
clnirgiiig  it  ii| 
new,  iflie  (In 
fdiv,  not  heinii 
riiLMiisets,  aiK 
liiniish  tliein 
tliriM  an  old  1 

'fli  ■    mi 

Aicird:  "Ihn 

siis|ii('iiiiis  niai 

uMil   expressiii' 

uillidiit  much 

I'issiicus,  they 

oll'tliaf  night,  a 

to  tiiein.     In  tl 

tlii'iii  \vitliguid( 

to  ri>-k  the  jour 

!<'stili"d  that  thi 

be  bmic  in  mil 

veracity  of  .7r«i 

Meaiiwlfle  th 

liii/iirds.     To  jn 

proKii-alions  otl 

ii|i(iii  the  Narro 

\\"iii-|it  and  gent 

til  ail  the  rolonis 

fillers  of  the  !M;i 

riii  l'  military  I'l 

Firsi.  liiat  our  ei 

.Siriiiiilly,  that  tl 

Lis  liirt   or   habi 

ciivciiaiits  or  enjj 

\'>  aiil  liiin  as  lici 

tliis  aid  must  he 

aiiil  so  come  too 

"  Ai'cnrdiiig  til 

roMsiilering  ijie,  | 

l»  I'll  ilivi  rs  tinn 

iiiiTi'  (I  to  hiive  I 

truant  .'llhirtnn  ai 

^•('idilmmnkin^s'" 

"iKleiiipt  upon  tl 

(irCoiiiiecticnt  v 

wi'ie  orili  red  ii's 

U-nii\A  Scull/.     In 

iiou  iiini  at  the  p 

iii'irleit'd  to  wea 

of  men,  their  can 

tlic  \i  iiiticks  as 

.d.iil  iliey  might  ( 

piirlinilirlv  to  b- 

liaie  that  IMassacI 

tu  iiivad(!  the  Nai 


it  li(!  Wfiii'.d  in,. 
•rofiiu ,  and  m'ui 
ly,  1 1  lilt  it  wiis'i 
I  f:iivf  liiiii  i;i„ 
;■  lo  till'  i-;i|iiii . 

iht,"  thoii-l:.  i:, 

\Viim|iiiiiis  ,j,ii 

v.v  foi:s'ulii,,i,|, 

iiml  still,  li.iv 

ill  iK.'t  all.  il-i, 

li  as  any  Ihm, 

apptars  i,iiii' 

icrvo  his  I'ii  i,,;. 

jtl.'i-i   liami.  li . 

)t  labon  I  iiiu;.^ 

•h. 

ioiirrs  say.  ".\ 
to  I'lliiis^  cniai. 
,  and  |)ai't  \\i\v 
lili'  so  loni.  !ii,i| 

rs  li'll  tliiM'oiir. 
il  not  mak:'  \\;j 

eV«'M    tlu'll.  !l:,il 

ncncinjr  l.usiii. 
laUc  any  a>s,ii;l! 
i(>  l''.iiii|i>li  iDJif 
lid  not  MSI-  iiiiy 
I'iii^'  tiiis  tn;.T," 
aiTai^aiisrt  ruiii- 
■  did  iiioli'^rt  iii>- 

[tford,  tli«^  xviijiii 
It!  Ijesidt's  i\i\H 

war,  it  was  ;ilso 
ladi!  satistiicturv 

il  (oared  I  \  ijic 
(ostili!  (ioiiii:-  Ml' 
lad  niailr  i:.r:ii' 
Jlio  l'iM|i;()l,~  li:i; 
)!'  till  111,  iis  V.  II 
];  ihislorliiiii'  in 
ins,  tlio  i'',iiL!'-li 
|d,  judfiiii.ii  :iiiiii 

Irs  ol'tlu'  I'liiii'd 
fisinoss,  and  tin' 
Imsincss  \m.s  Id 
licad  men  dl'ili'' 
h  ol"  llieir  cl.ii'l' 


lid  ./?ni((//.  .'111(1 

•Iconied  li>  ilio 

|,'((,v ;   Ilia,  eiiliM 

Ippearai ce  ll.il 

I'il-    (Il  piHlllMlst 

Iseiiirers  l<i  iIh' 
lj;oili^'  |()i\Minl. 
Li  and  iiifiiluiil 


UNCAS.— DEFENDED  BY  THE  ENGLISH. 


91 


1 


Chap.  V.] 

p.i- xiire.''  [from  JVinis^et-]  Tho  Indian  pnideH  which  they  had  brontrht  with 
tlieiiiiViiiii  Pumhami\\n\  Sukitkanoco  were,  hy  frowns  and  threateninii;  speeelie.s, 
(li^eournL'ed,  and  returned  ;  no  other  ^nides  could  he  olitaincd."  Tiie 
siiclicins  said  they  knew,  l)y  what  was  done  at  Hartlord  last  year,  tiiar  tiio 
Kii'disli  wonld  in"iro  peace,  "■hul  tliei/  ivirc  n.solvicf,  they  said,  tu  have  no  juacc 
uuthDitl  iiicn<i  his  hca'l."  As  to  w  ho  hei^-iii  the  war,  they  cared  not,  hut  ihey 
were  resolved  to  contiinie  it;  that  il"  the  I'',nj,dish  did  not  withdraw  tin  ir 
Mdiliirs  from  Unrns,  they  slionhl  consider  it  a  hreacli  of  former  covenanl.s, 
jiiiil  \MiiiM  proirnre  as  many  ]\!oliawks  as  the  J']nfi;lish  had  soldieis  to  bring 
(cainst  them.  They  reviled  Ibicas  <br  havi:i<i-  wounded  himselt|  uMd  then 
(.fiiipnnir  it  upon  them,  and  said  lie  was  no  friend  of  tin;  lOnjrlisii,  but  would 
ii((W,'"irFie  ilnrsf,  kill  the  I'.iifiiish  nii-ssenirers,  and  lay  that  to  them.  There- 
fdiv  not  heinj:  aide  to  proci  ed,  the  I'wiglish  messi'iigers  returned  to  the  Niir- 
niiTiinset.s,  ami  acqii;iiiited  Pessdcus  of  what  luid  |)assed,  desiring  Iw  would 
!iinii>li  them  with  guides;  "  he,  (in  scorn,  n.s  they  apprelieiideii  it,)  otH.-rod 
tlii'iii  an  old  P(  acott  sipiaw." 

Til-  messengers  now  ihonglit  themsi'lves  in  dang 'r  of  l)iiiig  mas- 
saiMcd  :  "three  Indi.'ms  with  liatchcts  standing  biliind  the  intcrjjr  t  r  in  a 
suspicions  manner,  while  he  was  speaking  with  Pasarus,  and  the  re.st,  fr  iwiiing 
uiiil  expressing  much  disti  iiii>er  in  their  conntcnance  and  carriage."  rio, 
uiilidiit  much  loss  of  time,  they  began  to  retrace  their  st:ps.  On  Icavin:: 
Pin.fdrii.i,  they  told  him  th('y  should  lodge  at  aLi  l^nglish  tr.'iding  hoiis  •  not  far 
oli'lliaf  night,  and  if  he  wanted  to  send  any  word  to  the  I'jig'ish,  he  might  s  iid 
ti)  tliein.  In  the  morning,  he  invited  them  to  return,  imd  .said  he  woul.l  furnish 
tlicni  with  guides  to  visit  Uncus,  but  he  woidd  not  sus|)eiid  hostilities,  iNotda:ing 
t(i  ri>^k  the  journey,  the  incssengers  returned  home.  ./IrnolJ,  tin;  interpriiter, 
;.'stili"il  that  this  wiis  a  true  relation  of  what  had  passiui,  which  is  neces.sary  to 
bi- ii'irne  in  niinil,  as  souK-ihing  may  apjicar,  as  we  j)roeeed,  impeaching  the 
vrnii'ity  of  .InioH, 

.Miaiiwlflo  the  commis.><ionors  sot  forth  an  armament  'o  definid  Unra,^,;^  all 
Im/finls.  To  justifv  this  movement,  they  d'claro,  that,  msidoring  tin;  great 
pravDcatioiis  otU-red,  and  th<;  ncscossity  wo  should  be  |tut  unto  of  making  war 
n|i(iii  the  Narrohiggin,  &c.  and  being  also  careiid  in  a  mattiu-  of  .^o  great 
w.'JL'lit  and  gener.'d  concernment  to  SvM-  the  w.ay  cleared  and  to  givi;  satistiictioii 
to  ail  the  colonists,  did  think  fit  to  adviM!  with  such  of  the  magistrates  ami 
elil:is  of  the  IVIassacliiisetts  as  were  then  at  hand,  and  also  with  som;-  of  the 
I'lii  •! 'military  I'ommanders  there,  who  beinjr  as.send)led,  it  was  thiMi  agre;'d  : 
First,  liiat  our  enir.agemcnt  bound  us  to  aid  ;ind  d(;f 'iid  the  i\Ioh{'g;m  sa;'hi'm. 
Si'i'cnilly,  that  this  aid  could  uol  be  inteuil(;d  only  to  def'iid  him  and  his,  in 
Ills  liirt  or  habitation,  but,  (according  to  lh(>  conniion  aciu^ptation  of  such 
fdvciiants  or  engagemi'iits  consilient!  with  the  ground  or  occt.siou  thereof,)  so 
tDiiiil  him  as  lice  might  be  pr.  served  in  his  liberty  .ami  es.'.-ite.  Thirdly,  that 
tliis  aid  must  bo  sp  oily,  lea.st  he  might  bi;  swallow(;d  up  in  t|i(>  meaii  lime, 
and  St)  coino  too  lato." 

"Ai'ciirding  to  tin;  eoiinsel  and  determination  aforosaid,  the  commission  -rs, 
roiisiilering  tin;  present  danger  of  Umns  the  Mohegan  s  iclu;m,  (his  l()rt  li.iving 
h  I'll  divers  times  assaulted  by  a  great  army  of  tin;  N.arroiiigguis  ts,  iVc.) 
niiic  (I  to  lia\(;  10  soldiers  sent  with  .-dl  exp'dil'ou  for  his  defi'use.''  IJeii- 
tcnaiit  .'llhi Hon  »\ii\  Sergeant  Jo/ni  Dnvi.i  I  'd  (his  company,  couduct  d  by  two  of 
'^Ciilihamnkin^s^'  Indians  as  guides.  .'Uhrrlon  was  «)rdered  not  to  inid<e  an 
"iiiteiiiiit  upon  the  town  otherwise  I  ban  in  I'nafi^  dr'feiice."  (/a|)t;un  .M  iHon 
of  ('(innecticut  was  to  join  him,  and  take  the  chief  comnrmd.  !''ori\  ni';n 
wi'ic  nrili  red  a'so  (i-oni  ('ounccticuf,  and  ."tO  from  New  llav(;n  niidi  r  l,ieii- 
tciiai.t  Setili/.  In  their  iiistrncliors  lo  Alasim,  the  cdiumissiouers  say,  "  VVe  so 
iiowaini  at  the  proleciiou  of  tin;  IMohegaiis,  that  we  would  Invi'  no  opportunity 
iicglcct'd  to  weaken  the  Narragansets  and  their  conii'derates,  in  t!ieir  mmibcr 
(if  men,  their  cam  c.inoes,  wigwams,  wam|ium  and  goods.  We  look  iijioii 
the  ,\i  iiiticks  as  iIk"  chiet'  incendiaries  and  causes  of  the  w.ir,  and  slimild  bo 
j:l;id  iliey  might  (ir.st  U'cl  tin;  snuirt  of  it."  The  Niaiiticks,  therefine,  wero 
p.Mliriil  irh  to  b"  h;ul  in  view  bv  Mamii,  and  he  was  inliirmed  at  the  s.imo 
liiiie  that  Massachusetts  and  Plimoulb  wen;  forlhwilh  to  send  "  miulhcr  army 
tu  iiivadi;  the  Narragansets." 


^1 

I'-'^B^'^iiM 


Il 


92 


UiNCAS— BESF.IGED  IN  IIIS  FORT. 


[Book  !I, 


The  coirimissioiicrs  now  prorendod  to  make  clioico  of  a  comniaiKlor  ;,, 
clii;!' of  tlic  two  iinnics.  Mniov  I]  Iw^rd  Gibbons  ^vns  iinuiiimoii^Iy  elect,,,! 
Ill  liis  iiisiriii'tioiiH  is  llii.s  |tiis.saL't' :  "  VVlieroas  tlio  scopo  and  caMsi!  of  thj^ 
oxpediriiiM  is  not  only  to  aid  tin'  !Moli('i;aiis,  but  to  offend  tlio  Narr;ij,'ansits 
Niaiitirks,  and  ulln.-r  their  coidederaff."  He  was  directed  also  to  roiiclu  li'a 
peaee  wiiii  thoni,  if  they  desired  it,  provided  it  wore  niadc;  with  s|)i'(i;i| 
rcflreiire  to  danin^'e.s,  &e.  And  they  say,  "iJnt  withal,  accordiii;.'  to  (^j 
enjraifi^ineiits,  yon  are  to  prf)vide  lor  Uncas^  futtn'o  safety,  that  his  piantatinis 
be  not  iiivad  (I,  that  his  men  and  s(|i"iws  may  attend  their  plaiitin*^  and  li,s||i||„ 
and  other  oeeasions  without  (ear  or  injiiy,  and  Vssamequine,  Pumhul 
Sokiikmoco,  f^iilr'i<imakin,txnd  other  Indians,  i'ricnds  or  subjects  to  the  Eii;.|y| 
be  not  molest  'd,"  tSj.e. 

Pooii  after  the  death  of  ^linnlunnomnh,  which  was  in  September,  164'},  lijs 
brother  Pe.t.iftcur.,  "the  new  saeheni  of  Narrafran.set,"  then  "a  youii^' iii;iii 
ah^iiit  20,"  sent  to  (Governor  fV'.nthrop  of  Massadnisetts,  as  a  present,  an  ofte 
coal,  a  i>ird'(  of  wampum,  and  some  of  that  article  besides,  in  value  almiii 
£1").  Th(!  ne  ssen;rer,  namiv!  Washose,*  also  a  sachem,  told  the  ffoveriior  tliat 
liis  cidef  desired  to  eontiniK!  in  jieaco  with  the  Eii;.dish ;  but  that  lie  wnj 
about  to  make  war  upon  Uncns,  to  avcnp;  the;  death  of  his  I)rother,  and  iiopid 
they  would  not  interiere,  nor  aid  Uncna.  The  governor  said  they  wisjnd  to 
be  ;it  peace  with  all  Indians,  and  that  all  Iiu'/ituis  would  be  at  peace  amnn; 
thems(dv(is,  and  that  they  must  agnse  to  this,  or  they  coidd  not  accept  tlnir 
present.  //'wAwc  said  he  was  insirneted  no  further  than  to  make  known  lijs 
mission  and  hiave  the  present,  which  he  did,  and  returned  to  his  own  coiintu, 
Tiiis  was  in  February,  l(i44,  .N.  S.  Within  the  same  month,  the;  same  messcii;'  r 
appe-uv  (1  again  at  Boston  ;  and  "  hiserrand  was, (.says Governor  fVin!hrnp,)[,ai 
BOi>ing  tluw,  at  our  request,  had  set  still  this  year,  that  now  this  next  year  we 
would  grant  tlieir  request,  and  suffer  them  to  fight  with  Onku,i,  with  inanv 
arguments."  IJnt  he  was  answered,  that  the  English  would  not  allow  siidia 
proceeding,  and  if  they  persisted  all  the  Engii.sh  would  fall  n|)on  them. 

PIrvnting  tim  ",  and  30  days  besides,  had  passed  before  the  English  sent  an 
Oiiny  lo  invade  the  Narragansets.  Pessacus  and  the  other  chiefs  had  doin'all 
♦Jicy  could  do  to  cause  the  English  to  remain  neutral,  but  now  (Icteriniiicil  lo 
wait  no  longer,  and  hostile  acts  were  conunittcd  on  both  sides. 

Th(!  raditionary  account  of  Uncnsi's  being  besieged  in  his  fort  by  the 
Narragaisets  will  very  properly  be  looked  for  in  this  connection,  as  it  lias 
not  only  adonnul  some  tales  of  the  Indians,  l)Ut  has  been  seriously  nrgoil  as 
truth  in  more  imposing  forms.  What  we  are  al)out  to  give  is  contaiiicil  ia 
a  htt  r,  dated  at  New  Haven,  lU  September,  17'J(),  by  H'm.  Leffingivell,  ami  t\\- 
rected  Dr.  Tminbull. 

"At  th(!  timi!  the  IMohegan  tri'ie  of  Indians  were  besieged  by  the  Nanairan- 
set  tril>e,  in  a  fort  nf>ar  the  River  Thames,  between  Norwich  ami  .NVw 
London,  the  provisions  of  the  besieged  !)eing  nearly  cxiianstod,  f/nra.?,  llnir 
sachem,  found  means  to  inform  the  settlers  at  Saybrookof  their  distress,  ami  iln" 
dinger  they  woiill  be  in  from  the  Narragansets,  if  the  Mohegan  tribe  were  nit 
of]'.  F<nsign  Thomas  L"ffingweM,  one  of  the  first  settlers  there,  ioadiMl  a  caiiiie 
with  beef,  com  and  peas,  and  in  (he  tiiglit  time  paddled  from  Saylirook  iiiiotlie 
Tham  's,  and  had  the  address  to  g  t  the  whole  into  the  fort  of  tlie  besi;geil:- 
received  a  deed  fr'^m  Una'i  of  the  town  of  Norwich,  and  made  his  e<rii|if 
that  very  night.  In  consequence  of  which,  the  besiegers,  finding  Unraf  M 
prociu'ed  relief,  raised  the  siege,  and  the  Mohegan  tril)e  were  s;ived.  '"id  liine 
ever  prov(>d  strict  friends  to  (he  N.  England  s'ttlei-s."} 

The  above  agrees  very  well  with  Mr.  Hi/di'^s  accoimt.  "When  Unriisn\\'\ 
tribe  were  attack  -d  by  a  potent  (Uieniy,  and  biock-d  up  in  tiieir  Ibrt  on  a  liill, 
by  the  site  of  the  great  river,  and  almost  starved  to  d  ath,  Li  Mit.  T/m 
Lrffinfrwell,  Capt.  lieiij.  lirciosler,  of  said  Norwich,  and  otiuns,  s  cretly  rani' J 

*  l'i'rlm|)<  llin  snine  iK  An^dnhfrs, 

t  Cupied  Iroin  llii?  ori'^iiial.  for  (It  niillinr,  l)y  Rov.  Win.  Ehj,  who  lliiii;  roniarks  npfii  il 
"This   lr,\;lilioii,  Croin  a   h  i;lilv  rc':|iniMn!>le  source,  Tiiimhull  siales  as  liisinry ;  yi'l.  in  >"'"' 
minor  poiiiN,  al  h-ast,  il  woiil'l  seem  ohvious  ihul  the   Iriiililio       uuld  uut  huvu  iiuuii  siricllv 
prcbcrved  (or  loO  years."     MS.  lelUi: 


t  MS.  letter  to  Dr.  2 


[Hook  !I, 
ornmaiulcr  ;„ 

Oll-ly   cll'Ctri. 

raiisi)  of  tlii5 
Nari"if.'ansi't>, 

I  to  COllclu  !l';, 

)  witll  siiccinl 
ordiii;:  t(i  dur 
lis  plaiitiuini^ 
iii<^  aiul  I'lsliiii; 
nine,   Pumhna, 

to  tlU!  I'^ll^'lisli. 

liber,  104'!,  his 
'a  yoiinji'  ihiih 
rcsi'iit,  uii  (ilkr 
in  value  aliinn 
LI  <i;ov(M'ii()r  tliiit 
It   lliaf   111!  \v;is 
titer,  and  liii|iiil 
tlicy  wislii  (1  to 
t  peace  aiiinnj 
ot  acce|it  their 
lako  known  iii- 
lis  own  coiiiiiiy, 
■fame  messi'ii:'  r 
•  /rm?/tro/),)t,i:i!. 
s  next  ytsar  we 
kus,  witll  mam 
lot  allow  siii'ha 
poll  llieivi. 
('jiiglisli  scut  an 
iet's  liad  doni'  ail 
V  dcteriniiici!  to 

lis  fort  by  the 
tioii,  as  it  has 
ioiisly  nrjicd  as 
is  containcil  in 
(fingwell,  and  ili- 


the  Narrasaii- 
wicli   and  Niw 
tnd,  Unra.%  tin  ir 
distress,  and  ill- 
trilit!  were  nit 
loaded  a  caiine  m| 
aybrook  inin  the 
t'lie  Ix'si'^'cd;- 
uule  liis  escape 
idin<r  Unrffi  hail 
saved-  '"id  iia\e 

^hen  Unrns  ami 
ir  Ibrt  on  a  iiill. 
itli,  Li'ni. 'Aw 
s  -cretiy  caififJ 


remarks  iip<'ii  ii 

liKirv,  yd,  ill  -"■';'■ 

have  been  sincilv 


Chap-  V] 


INTEIirEUi:NCE  OF  THE  ENCILl.SII. 


03 


i.-n-nrovisioii,  intlic  iiisilit  seasons,  U|)oii  wliieli  tlieeiieiiiy  niised  llie  siejie."* 
1    ,'<iM~i(lerutioii  oi"  \vlii«-li,  "  i'ncas  fiiive  sundry  doiialions^oflaiid,"  vVe.f 

\t  liie  coiiirress  ol'tlie  eoiiiinissioiiers  at  JJuMoii,  in  .1(1 1."),  iiliove  meiilioned, 
•  .  <  jiMM  rtanied  that  the  pn  sent  Iroiii  I'lsmrus  still  reiiiained  anion;.'  lliein, 
I'  "'  tilt  retia-e  he  might  think  it  was  probable  tiiat  the  i;n<ilisii  had  CDiiiplied 
"":'|  tlieir  desires,  as  they  hail  not  returned  if.  Lest  this  shoiiid  ne  so  inider- 
^^  I,  I  Captain  Hitrdinp:,  Air.  tfclharne,  and  Ilmcdiii  ^iniold,  were  ordered  and 
^■I'li'niiVi.-.-'ion'd  to  repair  to  the  iNarrairanset  collntr^,  and  to  see,  if  possible, 
I-'/'/.wKS'  CtinoinutciiH,  Jancino,^''  and  other  sachems,  and  to  return  the  present 
Ic-iiiv  ineiilioned,  and  to  intbrni  them  that  the  l',ni;lish  were  well  aware  of 
tl'iclr  hciiiiniing  and    iiroseeiitinfi'  a  >\ar   upon    IJnvcs,   and   their    "ha\iii<f 


(iMiideiFaiKl  slain  divers  of  his  men,  seized  many  of  his  ea:  ■  I's,  taken  somo 
nrisiincrs,  spoileil  nmeli  of  bis  corn,"  refns'.'d  to  treat  with  liim,  and  ihreateii- 
.  i  Ihc  lii'ij;lisli.  Neverthidcss,  if  they  woi'ld  coiik;  ihemselves  l()rthwitli  to 
I'io^tiiii,  they  should  be  heard  and  protected  in  their  journey,  bnt  that  ikhk; 
'\cc|it'tliciiise]ves  would  be  treated  with,  and  if  they  reliiscd  to  conns  the 
I'll' li-h  were  prepar«d  for  war,   and  would    proceed  inunudiately  against 

y/Jn/ni?  and  ^rc/iornc  proccodeil  to  Providence,  where  ./iniyW  was  to  join 
tiiciii.  Ihit  h(.'  was  HOT  there,  and  they  were  int'ormed  that  be  dared  not 
venture  among  the  iXarragansets.  ^Vbetller  he  bad  been  acting  the  tntllor 
^^illl  ijicni,  or  something  (|iiite  as  nnieb  to  merit  condeiiination,  we  will  le;ivo 
till'  reader  to  jiidi^c  Irem  the  relation.  The  two  former,  therellire,  nia'le  use  of 
KiM'icnd  Mr.  11  illidins  as  interpreter  in  their  business,  bnt  were  reprimaiuh-d 
liv  ilic  eoniniissioners  for  it  on  their  retinn.  On  going  to  the  Narraganset 
sarlieiiis,  and  (ipening  their  business,  it  appeared  that  all  they  were  ordered 
to  (■liiir"e  them  with  was  not  true;  or,  at  least,  tlenied  by  them,  '.riiese 
(•iiaii;i's,  it  ajijiears,  had  been  preti-rred  by  .Inmld,  and  sworn  to  njioii  oailu 
TlieVl.iels  said  '"that  luiienxi,  the  Nyantick  saela  in,  had  been  ill  divei-s  days, 
lilt  had  iHiW  sent  six  niei)  to  present  his  respects  to  the  J'higlisli,and  todecdare 
liis  a.-sciit  and  submission  to  what  the  Xarrohiggeiiset  sachems  and  the  Eng- 
lisli   lioidd  agive  npon." 

h  was  in  the  end  agreed,  that  the  chic^fs,  Pessacus,  Mexam,  and  divers 
others,  should  proceed  to  IJoston,  agri  ealdy  to  the  desiri!  of  the  Knglisli, 
wliii  h  they  did,  in  company  with  //an/i'/ig*  and  ff'dhonie,  who  brought  back 
tlic  (lid  present,  and  for  which  they  also  received  the  censure  of  tht;  congress. 
TIm'V  arrived  at  Jioston  just  as  the  second  levy  of  troops  were  nuu'cbing  out 
iiir  their  country,  and  thus  the  expedition  was  stayed  until  the  result  ol"  a 
treaty  should  be  made  know  ii. 

It  apjiean  (I,  on  a  conference  with  the  commissioners,  that  the  sachems  did 
n.'t  liilly  nndt  rstand  the  nature  of  all  the  charges  against  them  beliire  leaving 
tlieir  country,  and  in  justice  to  them  it  should  be  observed,  that,  so  liir  as  the 
leeoi'd  goes,  tlu'ir  ease  appears  to  lis  the  easicf^t  to  be  defende-d  of  thi^  three; 
]iarti,s  concerned.  They  told  the  commissioners  of  sundry  charges  they  had 
af:aiii?t  Uiicas,  but  they  said  they  could  not  bear  them,  for  fJnats  was  not 


'  Sume  very  bcantitiil  verses  appeared  scvorni  years  sinec  in  liio  ('oiiiiec(iri,l  Jlirror,  lo 
«liii'li  il  si'cins  lilt'  aliovo  liad  sjivcu  rise.  Tlii'V  were  prelacud  willi  llio  liillowiiig-  among 
nihcriihservaiions  ;  ••  bi  the  nei:;hl)()rlm()(l  of  iMunc^au  is  a  rude  r.  cess,  ciix  irone  I  \>y  rocks, 
whii  h  slill  relaiiis  tiie  name  ol  iho   '  rhair  of  l.'tii\is:'   and  lliat  the  piople  ot    ('tira.s  uero 

rwn.liinir  Willi    llMlliri>r    U'lll>n      I .flhuiril-i'//    lirilMo'llt     llllll     ri'lli't'         \\  l>    li'iv'i-   tllfi    InllnU'ilur    vlnil'/»a 


>rouuhl  liini  relief     Wo  give  the  lollowiiig  stanzas 
I 


nilM    II      .^Illl       IV^ICIIM.I       llll.         IKtIIIV/       \tt       IIIV  •     mil 

|ii ^l^llill!>■  ttilli  iiuii-jer  wlieii  Lii!jui!^ut:ll  I 
i'ruia  il;  — 

"  The  nionareh  sal  on  his  rocky  ilironc, 
iJeforo  liim  llie  waters  lay^ 
His  afuards  were  shapeless  cohnnns  of  stone, 
Tlieir  lolly  helniels  wilh  moss  o'orijrowii, 
And  llieii  sjjears  of  the  bracken  S"'}'- 

"  His  lamps  were  the  fi.^klc  stars,  that  l)ennied 

Thronuh  the  veil  of  their  niidiii!;hl  shroiul, 
•  And  die  redchMiing  flasiies  liial  lilliilly  gleamed 

Wiien  llie  distant  tires  of  iIk;  war-dance  slreaincd 
Where  his  foes  in  fianlic  revel  screamed 
'Nealh  iheir  canopy  of  elond/'  lVc. 
t  MS.  letter  lo  Dr.  Trumbull,  before  cited,  and  life  of  Miaiitunnomoh. 


mm 


tW 


01 


UNCAS.— TREATY  MADE  AT  BOSTON. 


[I^'llJK  II 


I  !t 

r     ■' 


! 


then-  In  }|K:iik  i<  r  liiinsclf;  and  tliat  tlicy  liad  liiiulrriMl  lii.s  li('in;r  iioliriiiinf 
till  ir  CKiiiiii;;'.  .'is  to  a  liri'acli  of  covniaiit,  tlii'y  iiiaiiitaiiKMl,  lor  s(iini>  |j|,,,' 
tin  y  liail  cuminilli'il  none,  and  llial  tli<>ir  trcatnicnt  of  tint  l''n^'li.sli  li;i(|  |„,.,' 
niisr(|in'S(  iilrd.  "lint,  (sayH  onr  record,)  aftrr  a  lonjr  dchalc  ainl  s(mi+ 
jiriiialc  ( (iiili  rrriici',  tlicy  liad  with  Srrjrant  ('iillirull,  llicy  ai'kiio\\|(i|j;,,|j 
llicy  had  hrnoki'M  proniisf!  or  roiaiiant  in  tho  afon;  nK'ncomil  u.'rrv 
and  oiiirrcd  to  inakr  another  truce  with  I'liais,  either  till  m  .\t  |il;iii|j|,, 
lyine,  as  they  had  (h)n«!  last  yeant  at  Hartford,  or  for  u  yeare,  or  a  vrandiij 
a  (piMrler." 

'They  had  heeii  induced  to  niak«t  tins  ndinisHion,  no  doiihl,  Ity  the  ikimij. 
sion  i>l'(nUinil,  who,  prohahly,  was  instructed  to  iid'orni  them  tliat  tlicsiHi, 
of  tlieir  country  dejteuded  upon  their  eoni|)liaiie(>  with  tiie  wishes  of  ijiii'i,; 
iisli  at  this  titne.  An  army  of  soldiers  was  at  that  moment  jiaradinir  ij', 
streets,  in  all  the  pomposity  of  a  modern  training'',  which  must  have  i'(  aniii{i,| 
them  of  the  horrihlo  di-striiiMion  of  their  kiiuh-ctd  at  Mystic  eiffjit  mmi^j 
b(!(()re. 

The  pro|tositioii  of  a  truce  iHiiif,'  ol)j(!ct(;d  to  Ity  th«!  Enfilisli,  "one  oi'iii^ 
Bacliems  olfered  a  slick  or  a  wand  to  tlu;  conuuissioiiers,  expnssinfr  liiii|.i||; 
that  tlirnnviih  they  put  the  power  and  disposition  of  tlat  war  into  their  iiiiini^ 
and  desiicd  to  know  lolud  thr  l'liiu;lisli  would  rej/iiirc  of  llirm."  'I'Ury  wif,. 
answ(M'ed  that  the  expenses  and  troultltt  they  had  caused  the  l'in<>:lisli  \vin< 
V«'ry  ;rieat,  "lioides  the  dama;;e  f'nra.i  had  sustained;  yet  to  show //,?„ 
mor/(77/ro/(,  they  would  r<!<piire  of  them  lait  limo  lliov.vtiid  fathome  of  whii,. 
wampoii  for  their  owue  satisliiccon,"  hut  tliat  they  should  restore  to  I'miri 
tlie  captives  and  canoes  taken  from  him,  and  luakit  restitution  for  all  liiccdni 
tliey  had  spoiled.  As  f<»r  the  last-mentioned  ollenee,  the  sachems  iissninl 
there  liad  l)t;eii  none  such;  lor  it  tons  not  the  manner  of  tin:  Ind'mmkik- 
stroij  corn. 

'J  his  most  ex<'olleiii  and  indirect  reproof  must  liav<'  liad  no  small  eirrciiin 
thds;-  who  lieanl  it,  as  no  doiiht  some  of  \\\{\  actors  as  well  as  the  ailvisrrsnf 
the  destruction  of  the  Indians'  corn,  previous  to  and  timing'  the  Pe(|ii(jt  w.ir. 
^vere  now  pri  sent :  Block  Jslaiid,  and  tin;  fertile  fields  upon  the  shores  ul  ij. 
Connecticut,  must  have  nia<rnilied  hefore  their  iina<rinations. 

("oiisiderinj:,  therefoie,  that  this  cliarp-  was  merely  imafriiiary,  ami  ilm 
Vnnis  had  taken  and  killed  sonat  of  their  people,  tli(!  I'',nff|ish  ronsnilvl  il,ai 
Ilncit.i  ''^  iiiif>;lil"  restore  such  captives  and  canoes  as  lie  had  taken  from  llinn, 
I'^inally,  they  a<;r<'ed  to  pay  the  wampum,  "craning  onely  somct  ease  in  iIk 
manner  and  tymes  of  [layiuent,"  and  on  the  <veninfr  of  "the  xxvij//i  of  llm] 
7Hoji.'/(,  (Au^rust,)  KilT),"  articles  to  tlu;  (i)ll.  win},'  ellect  were  si},'ne(l  hy  the 
princijjal  Indians  jiresent: — 

].  That  the  Narrajraiisets  and  Nianticks  had  made  war  ujmn  the  MdIhot* 
rontrarv  to  liii'nier  tr.ati(s;  that  the  l'',n;rlisli  had  sent  iiiesseufji'rs  (nilnn; 
without  success,  whicli  had  wuuU'  them  jirepare  tor  war. 

y.  That  chiefs  duly  authorized  were  now  at  IJostoii,  and  haviu<f  ai'louiwl- 
<'d<red  till  ir  hreacli  of  treaties,  havinjf  "tlierehy  not  only  eiidama^fiil  Inmi. 
Iiiit  had  lirou^d't  miicli  ehar^ftt  and  trouhle  vpoii  all  l\\v,  Jiiiglish  coldiijis 
which  they  coii;'est  Wi  re  just  they  should  satisfy ." 

;{.  That  \\\i'  saclii  iiiH  aj;re(!  liir  their  untions  to  ])ay  to  the  I'nirlisli  I'COt' 
futliom  "of  ^roiiil  white  \\aiii|)imi,  or  <■(  third  part  of  <;ood  hlack  waMijinii' 
peuue,  in  tiiur  payments,  namely,"  .IdO  fathom  in  '20  days,  500  in  liair  mmmhIis 
nOO  at  or  hefore  next  plantiiif,'  time,  and  TtOO  in  two  years,  which  the  i;ii:'li>l; 
a;;ri'e  to  accept  as  full  "satisliiccon." 

1.  That  each   party  of  the  Indians  was  t(»  restore  to   th<'  other  all  lliiiii's 
taken,  and  whert;  canoes  were  d«,'stroyed,  others  "in  the  r(»onie  of  them, liili 
as  t'ood,"  W(•r(^  to  be  f,'iveii  in  retinii.     The  Mn^flish  ohIifraKMl  iheinsihcsjlir  | 
Uiints. 

r».  That  as  many  matters  cannot  he  treated  of  on  account  of  thealisiiiri'nf 
llnrii.t,  they  are  to  he  delerred   luitil   the  next  nieeiin;.'  of  the  cominissiimcrj  | 
at  Hartford,  in  Sept.  Idlti,  where  liotli  parties  sliouhl  Im>  heard. 

(!.  The  Narrafiansrt  and  Niantie  saithems  hind  themselves  to  keep  pinn 
with  the  lOiiglish  and  their  siiccessors,  "aial  with  yncas  tlio  Mohcgan  sucIriu 


[HllOK  II 

lili^'  iiolifu.,]  „;■ 
lor  soiiic  liii,, 
,;;lisli  liMii  I,,,,' 
latc   aiiil  soil, 

iK'UnilWlcil;;,,: 

ncinicd   Will, 

next    |iliiiiiii,_. 

or  a  vciirc  i,,,, 

by  tin-  \>nsK, 

I  tlial  |Im's;i|;|'. 
lu'S  oCllll'  I'.ii^ 

It  parading'  n. 
have  rciiiiiiiliii 
lie  t;if,'lit  \i;,r, 

ih,  "oiif  (il'il,,, 
n'ssiiif:  hiinMii; 
iito  tlicir  liMih!. 
II."  ^  Tlicy  «rr,' 
i(!  Fiii^jlisli  Win 

■t  to  hllOW  lilt', 
itllOIIH'  III'  wlii;, 

tori!  to  Uims  ill 
I  lor  all  llicchii 

IcllClnS    (ISSITlii; 

;c  Indians  /o  ilt- 

I)  small  I'lliriii:, 
I  ilic  advisiTMi' 
tll«!  I'rijlldt  \\;ir, 

,ho  sliorcs  of  ilv 

iiKiry,  and  ilwi 
I  (•(insinlcfl  iliai 
dii'ii  tVoin  tliim, 
nuiv  rasi'  in  ilir 
.\.\vij//i  of  lhi\] 
si;riit'd  liv  tilt 


>ii  tin'  !M()lii'Biii< 
cMfTi'rs  In  llii'iii 

liiviii*,'  ai'kiHiwl- 
(lama^nMl  I'm).  \ 
ll<f|isll    ('nliijihs 

i<>  I'wiirlisli  m 

^dark  \vfiiii|iiiii- 

ill  liiiir  iiioiiili-.  I 

liii-li  llir  l''li:'li>l 

IdiIkt  all  diiiii"  I 
lie  (d'  tliiMii,  I 
||  tlii'iiisrlM'sWr 

If  tlifalisi'iu'i'iif 
coiiiinissiniicrj  | 

II. 

to  kiM'|)  piw'i 
Kilicgaii  sucln.ia  I 


CiiAP.  v.] 


UNCAS— MF,XAM. 


I  his  iMcti  with  Vs.iamcquin,*  Pomhnm,  Sokaknoocn,  Cvlcluimakin,  Sfioannn,\ 
/"/',won"""V/'  ""*'  ""  "''"'■'*•  ■'^"''  *''"^'  '"  *■"***'  dilliniltics  ocniir,  tlicy  uro 
to  iipplv  to  iIh-  Kiiirlisli. 

7    riicv  iiioinisc  to  deliver  ii|»  to  tlio  Kiifrlisli  all  fusjitivcrH  wlio  shall  at  any 

,•„„.  he  fliiiiKl  aiiioiifr  thrill ;  to  pay  a  yt'arly  Iriiiiitc,  "a  iiioiilh  liclini'  Indian 

)'.  msl  cvcrvyiar  allcr  llii.<,  at  IJoston,"  "for  all  such  rccdilsas  live  aiiion^rst 

t'l  .111 "  iu'i'oi''l'"JJ  '"   ''"'  """'y   "'    ••••"{'^;t    "naiinly,    oiic  (iilliiiiii   of  wliito 

Miiiiiiiii  lor  racli   IN'i|iiot  man,  and  iialf  a  latliom  tor  caidi  IN  acott  youth, 

lid  (III.' hand  l<'n;>'tli  of  \vam|»iiiii  lor  caidi   I'racotI   man-idiiid  ;  and  if  It'tck- 

■  nh  Ciikri'  rt'lhsi'  to  pay  this  trilmtc  Ibr  any  l*cacoils  with  him,  liii-  Narro- 

1  i.Mr(iiiscl  siifrainoics  promise  to  assist  i\\r  I'lnglish  aj,'aiiist  him;"  and  lo  yiidd 

iIp  ai  till'  I'-irirlish  the  whido  I'lrniot  ctinntry. 

H  Tlir  sachems  promise  to  d(  liver  lour  of  their  children  into  the  liniids  of 
tlic  llnidisli,  "viz'.  Pinsnrus  his  eldest  soiin,  the  sunn  of  'l\inHtiiiiiinutivilt, 
liiiillier  to  IHssnrus,  .'iwitshamic  his  sonii,  and  HwnnirfHdi'it  soiin,  ii  iN'yanlicdx,  to 
lie  kept  as  idedf^es  or  liostajre.  "  until  tlie  wampum  should  he  all  paid,  and  they 
lull!  met  I  urns  at  llarlliird,  and  Ji, ,;;■;!'.'•  i>".:\  h'lfpdock  |  had  siiiiiid  ihe.se  arti- 
cles. As  till'  idiildren  wvre.  to  he  sent  for,  It'iliiivash,  I'diiiamsi;  JtnruHSdr,  and 
ff)n,<rl,wnmino  ollered  their  pcM-sons  as  security  for  tliirir  <l(  livery,  who  were 

acri'|iti'd. 
ii.  JSiitli  the  soc.urities  and  hosla^'os  W(!ro  to  bo  supported  at  the  (•harj,'e  of 

till'  Kiiirlisli. 

10.  'riint  if  any  hostilities  were  -omtnitted  while  this  tn-iity  was  niakitij», 
ami  JMliiie  its  provisions  were  known,  sncli  acts  not  to  be;  considered  ii  violu- 
tjoii  llieiriif 

11.  Tln'y  "fi'rP"  i'"t  "•  s*'"  »".V  of  tlieir  iuiids  without  the  consent  of  tho 
coiiiinissidiiers. 

I'i.  If  any  I'etpiots  should  l)e  found  ainon<r  them  who  had  murd(M'ed  lOng- 
jisli,  llicy  were  to  bo  delivered  to  tlie  l'ji<^lisli.  Ilert;  iidlow  the  iianieH,  with 
u  murk  to  ouch. 

Pf.sskciis, 

AuMSA.\«il!KN,  IT  ikpvtl) 

for  the  JVinnlicks, 
Ann  AS, 
I'oiMMnsii, 

i  (/IITCIIAMAKINS, 

[  ^V^•.|■.K|•.S\N,NO, 

WrrrowASH, 

We  do  not  see  JUrram^s  or  J\fiT(ivvn\i  name  amoiijj  the  sifriiers,  allhoiiijh 
liris  iiieiilioned  as  beinir  |iresriit,  unless  another  name  was  then  applied  to 
liiiii.  Tiiere  were  Ibiir  interpreters  eniploy<  d  upon  the  (x-easion,  namely, 
Scifreiiiit  CuUlctil.  and  his  Indian  man,  ('ulrlinmakiu  and  ./«s'?V's'.'* 

I'loiii  this  lime  to  the  next  meeting  of  llic;  e<iiiimissioiiers,  the  country 
(ii'iiiis  not  to  have  been  much  disturbed.  In  the  mean  liiii",  lio\\e\er,  CiiraSf 
willioiit  any  lep-ird  to  tlie  promise  'ind  ob!i;:ations  the  l'lii<:Tisli  had  laid  lliem- 
sIm sunder  for  him,  undertook  to  chastise  a  Narra^raiiset  SMcdiem  for  some 
nllcirtil  otli'iice.  On  openinjj;  llieir  coiif^ress,  at  New  Haven,  h  tteis  from  IMr. 
Mrlun  and  Mr.  Pdrr.i,  at  Petpiot,  were  read  by  the  comniissioiieis,  fri\  in^ 
niTiiiiiits  of  Unnis^ii  perfidy.  Thi!  com|daiiiaiils  were  siiil  to,  and  iiiliiriiied 
tli:it  rums  was  shortly  to  be;  there,  and  that  they  should  briiif;  their  proof  in 
iirilir  to  a  trial. 

Mi'.iiiwliile  Uncna  came,  who,  aller  waitinj^  n.  few  days,  and  his  accusers 
nut  a|>|iearinjr,  was  examined  and  dismissed.  It  a|'pe,iis  that  the  llii^dish  at 
N;iiiH'(ik<',  since  Saybrook,  were  the  suH'eriiifr  parly,  as  their  ni'i;rliliorliood 
WHS  the  s'N'iK^  of  lJiicns\<i  depredatioii.s.  Of  some  of  tli"  cliar^res  lie  ackiiowl- 
(•il;riil  hiiiis"lf  frnilly,  especially  of  fi^ihlin;,'  jVirkwiisii  [Weipiaslil  Cookv  so 
iii'iir  til  tli(>  plantation  at  Perpiot ;  altlioii<;li  he  alle;red  that  some  of  the  Ijii^- 
lisli  there  had  encouraged  ft'eiuasli  to  hunt  upon  his  lands.     He  was  informed 


"  (*H\(ivi'V/(//;i. 

!  Si'i-  |iii!jc  fll,  ante. 
11  /liii/iiiyMirt. 


t  l'rrli:\|is  Shd.ilKtnini-,  or  Shchi'i. 

^    iVf'luaiili  Cook.  II   Wi-iiilfimwrk. 

*•  Sou  of  CItikitlaubiit,  [jrolialily. 


i 


m 


I:  .ai: 


mmiM^ 


mm 

■  *  H  Vi     1**      ■  i  , 


'■■■'■■'■     '     B 


m:-'). 


h'!:-)! 


■l;,'.'t'l)l^-,      :  iff 


90 


IJNCAS.— NUMEROUS  CHARGES  AOAINST  IlIM. 


[Rook  II 


iff 


tlinf  liis  lin>f!i(  r  lind  also  been  jjiiilty  of  some  olli'iico,  Init  neitlior  flio  aonisn. 
nor  tlic  rcnisi'd  wcrr  iirc.sciit,  >iinl,  tlicrcl(in>,  it  cduld  not  lie  iictcil  upon.  Sn 
alter  II  k'\[u\  n\'  rif/rliiKiiiil,  I'mttn  was  dismissed,  as  wi-  liavo  just  nM'!iii(i||,,,i' 
Iliit  l)e|()rc  he  had  left  the  town,  iMr.  Win.  .Morton  arrived  at  court,  with  i|,r,'' 
Indiiiii.-,  to  maiiil.'iin  the  aetioti  airainst  liim  ;  lie  was,  therefore,  called  in.  j|||,|,| 
iieariiii,'  was  had,  "luit  the  ciunmissioiiers  fomide  hoc  cause  to  alter  the  tiinii.f 
wiitiii'ie  ,'iiiicii  him."  This  was  as  rejrarded  the  atliiir  with  f^'cpirtsh.  Vr 
Morton  then  |ir'idiiccrl  a  l'et|uot  powwow,  named  Unnipvslirf,  wjio,  in.  ^.j,' 
iiad  charjicd  Cnras  with  ha\iM<r  hired  him  to  do  violence  to  another  li;.li:i!i.,j 
to  proeiip-  it  to  lu>  done,  whii-h  «ccordin;.dy  was  effected,  tiie  indian  !.(i,. 
wonnd^d  with  a  hatchet.  'I'his  crime  was  at  first  laid  to  the  char^'c  oi  ,i " 
//i/f/.s'//,  as  I'linis  had  intended.  "  I5nt  after  [wards,],  the  I'eipiat's  powwi,", 
tronhled  in  conscience,  conid  have  no  rest  till  he  had  discom'cd  /»)'■;(,?  ii,|, 
the  anthor."  lie  first  relat<'d  his  jrnilt  to  /{oliiii,'  an  Indian  s(  rvaiii  of  Vr 
ff'inllirop;  hut,  to  the  sm"pris(!  of  the  whole  conrt,  ff'<tmi>iislitt,  t]\v  onlv  \m.. 
ness,  on  hi'iiiir  (piestioned  thron^di  Mr.  Stnnton,  the  interpreti'r,  told  a  Min 
tliamelrieally  the  reverse  of  what  he  had  liet(>ie  stal(  d.  "Il(?  cleand  /  ,>■  ,i 
and  cast  tiie  plot  aial  i,milt  \\}im  ^Virkirit s It  Coolie  and  Robin;"  "and  tliMiiji; 
fhe  other  two  I'ecpiats,  whereof  the  one  was  Hiililii\'i  hrol her,  seemed  iniiin 
oflinded,"  and  said  I'nrns  had  hired  him  to  alter  his  charire,  "yet  hi-  porsiMiit, 
and  said  ,\'(  rkwnsli  Conkr  n\\{\  lioliin  had  irinen  him  a  payre  of  hreechcs.  ;iii,| 
promised  him  'i't  liulome  of  wampnm,  to  cast  the  plot  npon  Inrnn, im{\  tli;itii|.. 
I'lnjrlish  planlacon  and  l'ei|uats  knew  it.  'Die  commissioners  ahli(a'riii^'tj,|. 
diiiili>!i  lidshoode,  and  ad\isin<ic  I'nnis,  if  he  e\pected  any  liuoin'e  and  ns|!.vi 
from  ihe  Kniilish,  to  liaue  no  hand  in  an_\  snch  desiijiies  or  \niust  wayes." 

Jlence  it  appears  that  the  coint  did  not  doidn  much  of  the  villany  of  /'mw. 
Init,  for  reasons  not  required  here  to  he  named,  he  was  tnated  as  a  liini) 
jtannt  ofhii  treats  a  dis(diedioiit  child  :  reminded  <d'  the  end  to  whicji  Mi,|, 
crinKslead:  and  seem  to  thr<'al(  n  (di  siisi-ment  in  their  words,  while  tliiir 
depoHment  holds  out  'piite  diirereni  lan^.niaL'c. 

At  ihe  conirri'ss  of  the  I'nited  Coloni.'s,  at  lloMon,  in  July,  1(117,  Mr.iiiii 
(r/«/.'(ro/Mif  Connecticut  presented  a  p<'tilion,  '"in  the  nana- of  many  I^■(|alm^" 
in  th(^  preamhie  of  which  Citsniitmon  aial  OhcrliUjuoit  are  iiamed.  re(|iics:iii; 
that  they  mi;;ht  ha\t'  liberty  to  dwell  somev> here  imder  the  |)roteetioii  nl'iiK 
I''.ii!,dish,  which  they  mijrlit  appoint.  They  acknow  ledired  that  their  s,ii  Imii. 
and  peo|)le  had  don>'  \-ery  ill  a^rainsi  the  lln^disii  fiirmci'ly,  for  w  liieli  tiny  li.ni 
justly  sutrcred  and  hcen  riirhllidly  con(|Mered  hy  the  Unulish  ;  hut  that  tlic)  \n\ 
had  no  haial,  hy  consent  or  otherwise,  in  sheddinjr  ih''  blood  of  the  ilii^li^li, 
and  that  it  was  by  the  advice  of  .Vmiuiiuli  +  that  they  fled  fi-om  their  ceiinin, 
beinj;  promised  liy  him  that  the  I'nulish  would  n^it  hurt  them,  if  tliey  did  iif.i 
join  ajiaiiisl  them.  The  nami  s  of  (;■*  cr;i\inir  pardon  and  prolection  wcr'a! 
the  same  time  comnnuiieateil. 

In  answi  r  the  commissioners  say,  that  while  ffc/wisli  li\ed  he  had  maili' ii'i 
mention  of  "sucdi  innocent  i'eijuais,  or  from  .any  other  person  since;"  ami  mi 
"enipiiry  from  Tlioman  Stanton,  fi'oni  Fo.r.>n.  one  (d'  IJnniH  his  men,  and  at  In.-; 
by  eonli'ssion  of  tiie  INipiats  pres"ni,  found  that  some  of  the  |)etiti:inri*s  mr.' 
in  .Misiiek  fiirl  in  tlf;hl  a:.'ainsi  ili-'  jji^iish,  and  fled  away  in  the  smoke,"  juiil 
that  otiii'i's  \veiv  at  other  times  in  arms  aiiainst  the  I'ji.uiish  and  .MoIi'^'miis 
and,  llierei"ore,  the  ijroimd  of  their  p'lition  was  fjdsi'  and  deceitful. 

Jt  app'ars  tliat  they  had  taken  relii<xe  imd:  r  I'nrns,  who  h.-id  iM'orr.iscd  tli'in 
good  iisajfe,  wifudi  was  probably  on  condition  tliat  they  should  pay  liiiii  a 
tribuii'.     They  resided  a;  this  lime  at  \aiiiyok. 

At  the  same  ('(Hirt,  Obnliujuol  eoiiiplaiiied  that  Unran  had  forcibly  tiihpii 
awa\  his  wife,  !ind  criminally  obiiired  In  r  to  li\e  wiih  him.  "  /Vroe  li  in; 
present,  as  Unr(ts\i  de|»uty,  was  (|uesti(in 'd  alioiit  this  base  and  inisidllnilil 
oulrajfe  ;  he  di  nii'd  that  j/^a/r/.v  either  took  or  kept  away  Ohrrlii'iiio  P.i  wWvU 
force,  and  afrirnied  that  [on]  0/«r//»7/?»o/'."}  wilhdrawinjr,  with  other  Peiinots 

*  His  lailiaii  iiaim;  wis  Cuxinitiiion,  |)erlui|is  llic  same  as  Ciississiimiininri .  m  ^  Vrv.(sm'/'»M 
Ate. 

t  Wfi/ii  's'l,  (lie  (railor.  IFc  liernme  a  iioird  praviiiff  biilina.  afier  llie  l'i(|a()l  war,  and 
was  Mi|)|iusi;(J  lo  liuve  died  i>y  |x,isoa.  Fifiiuoul  iiRiilioii  will  be  Ibuiid  ol' liiiii  i'lsi'"liiic  !■■ 
our  wuilt. 


r  tlif  arniwf 

tl      llllOll.        >!,, 

St  iiH'inioii.,!, 
rt,  Willi  ilii-,, 
ilird  ill,  mill  II 
Id-  till'  tm-iHi- 
fV'/i'rt.i/i.  Vi. 
wlm,  lir  si:, 
licr  lr..ii-i!i. ,; 
liuiiaii  I'll  ' 
rliiif^'c  (i|  ,■ 

lilt's    |)()\\  ,,1.", 

<l  /'»'■.'(.?  ii.l 
SI  rviilit  dl'  '\'r. 
,  t!ic  (111!;,  \\i'- 
r,  toitl  ii  >ii.r\ 
I'lcitnd  r,"  (, 
'  "ami  tliMii:; 

StMMllCll    llllHi 

ct  111'  |i('rs:-i.'ii,  f 
r  lin-ci'liis,  ;iii,| 
im,  ami  thati;.' 
<  aliliiirrliiL'  n  i- 

iirt'  and  ns| i 

ist  waves." 
illniiy  (if  Vii'i'/, 
atcd   as  a  i'ljul 
to  wliii'li  >:\'i 
rds,  wliiji'  llinr 

1(H7,  My.J.M 
iiiaiiy  l'riiii:in>," 

lilli'd.  I'l'llMi'y'li.' 

(itcrlidll  ol'llir 

tlicir  Siirliiiii> 

lilrll  tliry  liiiil 

lit  thai  llir>  lal 

dl'  till'  r.ii!;li-!i, 

tlicir  (■niini!), 

if  tlicy  dill  »■'. 

tli'cliiiii  wri'ii! 


C".tp.  v.] 


UNCAS  ACCUSED  OF  PERFIDY. 


97 


('  liad  mail!' II" 
since;"  aii'l  ni, 
iiicii,  ami  at  I;;-'. 
K'titi^iiiiTs  wir 

IC  SIlKlkl',"'  i'.ll'l 
1111(1     M(lll"l'MII>. 

fill. 

Iimniisi'd  tli'iii 
idd   pa\    liiiii  a 

forcihly  lii!;'"" 

"  /''m'')/'  lii'iii!: 

lid  iiiisulVcnilil'' 

](-/i(o/',s  will'!')' 

[dtlicr  I'djiiiiH 

I.  or  (.'mitsinmM. 

l'i<|ii()l  «.-ir.  and 
ll'  liiiii  i'lso« litre  1= 


from  Vnrait,  Iiis  wifo  ivfiisod  to  go  witli  liiin  ;  .mid  timt,  nmong  the  IndiniiH,  it  is 

ml  wlii'ii'a  wiU;  so  dcsi'its  her  iiiisliaiid,  anotlur  iiifiy  take  Ikt.     ()!><clii<iHod 

ill'iniii'd  lliat  Uncas  iiad    dfalt  criiiiiiially  JK-forc,  and  Hiiil  kept  hm-  against 

.•11 »» 

'"'i'lKiii'di  not  satisfied  in   |)oint  of  proof,  tlic  eoiniiiissionrrs  said,  ""\'cf  ab- 

jinriii"  lliat  liistfiil  adulterous  camagc  of  r«w,»,  as  it  is  aeknowledged  and 

liiliimted  liy  Fornrt"  and  ordered  tliat  lie  should   restore  the  will',  and   that 

OhiAiqmul  have  lilierty  to  s^'ttle  under  the  protection  of  tin!   F''nglish,  where 

rliiv  should  liirect.* 

(''oiiiplaintH  at  this  time  were  as  thick  npon  the  head  ot  j/nws  as  can  well 
li(.  iiiiiccived  of,  and  still  we  do  not  imagine  that  half  the  crinies  he  was  guilty 
iif  nil'  en  rci'oi'd.  Anoilier  Indian  named  Snmtf)s,nt  the  sanic!  time,  coinplaiii- 
cii  that  lie  had  dealt  in  lik(^  manner  with  tin;  witi;  of  another  ciiieti  since  dead  ; 
ihiit  111'  liad  taken  away  his  corn  and  heaiis,  and  attemjited  his  life  also.  Tho 
(•MiiH  «iv  they  found  no  proof,  "  first  or  last,  of  these  charges,"  still,  as  to  the 
fiiiii  ami  lieaiiH,  " /'«xoh  conceives  Uncas  sii/ed  it  hecanse  .S'rt/uioy*,  with  a 
Pciiiidt,  in  a  disorderly  manner  withdrew  himself  from  Uni-un."  Ilence  it 
si'ciiis  not  niiich  evidence  was  required,  as  IJnvns's  deputy  uniliirndy  pleaded 
.riiiltv;  and  the  court  could  do  no  less  th;ui  order  that,  on  investigation,  he 
^liimlihiiake  r  slitiition.  As  to  .Vrtfmo/J,  who  was  " n(»  I'lVjuot,"  hut  a  "Con- 
iiicticiit  Indian,"  In;  had  liberty  to  live  under  the  ))rotectiou  of  the;  J''nglish 

also. 

'I'd  the  charges  of  the  I'equots  against  Uncas,  of  "liis  vnjustico  and  tyranny, 
iliiiwiiiire  wiiMipam  from  them  vpon  new  jiretences,"  "  tliey  say  they  haue 
iriiii'ii  him  wampam  40  times  since  they  cami!  viider  him,  and  that  they  haue 
sent  wanipain  iiy  him  to  the  Knglish  'i."i  times,"  and  had  no  account  that  he 
cvci'  ili'livcied  it ;  it  was  answered  by  Foron,  that  Unnts  had  received  wain- 
piiiii  (livers  times  as  tribute,  but  denied  that,  in  particular,  any  had  Ik'cii  given 
jiiiii  for  the  I'lnglish,  and  that  "he  thinks  the  nomber  of  y5  times  to  be 
nlmirt'tlier  false." 

Tliiie  \.ere  a  long  train  of  charges  against  Uveas  for  his  oppression  of  the 
Pciiiiots,  which  when  the  commissioners  had  heard  through,  tliey  "ordered 
that  I'h'iin  be  duly  reproved,  and  seriously  enformed  that  the  I'iUglish  cannot 
DWiii'  or  protect  him  in  any  vnlawful,  much  lesse  trecberous  and  outrageous 
coiii-si's."  And  notwithstanding  the  commissioners  .seem  not  to  doubt  of  the 
niscalily  of  their  ally,  yet  nolliing  seems  to  have  been  done  to  relieve  the 
(Ijstii'ssi'il  Peipiots,  because  that  "after  the  [Peqiiot]  warre  they  s|)ared  the 
liiirs  of  such  as  had  not!  hand  in  the  blonde  of  tlii!  I'nglisli."  To  say  thi!  lea.st 
of  wliirli,  it  is  a  most  extraordinary  consideration,  that  liecaiise  some  innocent 
iiciiplc  had  not  been  destroyed  in  war,  they  might  he  liaras.sed  according  as 
ihi'  caprice  of  abandoned  minds  might  dictate. 

Mr.  Jolin  fVlnthrdj)  next  jiretei-s  a  eoniplaint  against  Uncas  from  another 
(lii:ir!(r:  the  j\ipiiii:ks  had  been  attacked,  in  KMii,  jyy  l.'W  iMohegans,  under 
.\'iwrii)in,  a  brother  of  ['nras.  It  does  not  appear  that  he  killed  any  of  them, 
hilt  rol  hi'd  thciii  of  dli els  to  a  great  amount;  among  which  are  euumeratecl 
.T)  liiilniiii  of  waiiipuiii,  10  copper  kettles,  10  "  great  hempen  baskets,"  many 
hiiii' skins,  (leer  skins,  t^c.  Of  this  eharg(>  Foron  said  Uncas  \vi\»  not  guilty, 
lor  that  he  knew  nothing  of  Mw('iiitii\s  proceedings  in  it ;  that  at  tin;  time  of 
it  [^J:  pti'iiiber]  Uncas,  with  his  chief  couiiselloi-s,  was  at  New  Haven  with  tho 
cniiiiiiisHioiiers  of  the  I'liited  Colonies;  and  that  JS'owerjua  had  at  tlu;  same 
liiii"  I'ohhi  (I  some  of  Uncfts\<i  own  |»eople. 

it  was  also  urged  by  H'inlhrop,  that  not  long  before  the  meeting  of  tho  com- 
Mii-sicmis  in  September,  1()47,  this  same  JVnivequn  had  been  with  40  or  '^0  men 
In  I'islirr's  Island,  wli(>re  he  had  broken  U|)  a  eaiioe  beloHging  to  him,  and  greatly 
iiliiiiiicd  his  man  and  an  Indian  who  were  there  at  that  time.  That  A')(W'/i(a 
mxt  "hdvered  against  the  I'Jiglish  plantation,  in  a  suspicious  manner,  wiili  40 
01'  no  (if  his  men,  many  of  them  armed  with  guiins,  to  the  allVightment  not 
nily  of  the  Indians  on  the  shore  (soc  that  some  of  them  lu^gan  to  bring  their 
goods  to  tilt!  English  houses)  but  divei-s  of  the  English  themselue.s." 

*  'I'liis  clin'C  is  lhi>  same,  we  liolicvo,  callod  in  a  later  part  of  llio  records  (Hazard,  ii.  113) 
iWhirhirk:riu>d.  Hii  was  fiiu'd.  with  seven  others,  lea  i'alhum  of  wampum  for  going  tu  light 
llic  I'ocuni|>iuc'k  Indians  with  Uficas,  in  the  summer  of  1G5D. 


i 


m 


k  M 


\M 


98 


UNCAS.— WAR  WITH  THE   NIPMUKS. 


[Rook  I[ 


These  chnrpos  bciiijj  ndtnittod  liy  FoTon,  tlio  comiiiissioiu'rs  "ordered  ii,,, 
f'lirus  froiii  tlieiii  lit!  fiilly  iiiCoriiieci,  (liat  lie  iiiiist  eitlicr  n>i;iilutt!  uiid  foiiiimip 
Ills  hrotlicr  in  ii  r"n;lit»MMiM  iiiul  iMWcaldi-  I'riiiiic  fcir  tin-  Ciitiirt^  viHlerstamlinm 
(iiid  |in>vi(lin^  tliat  v|ioii  due  proof  due  rcHtiliitioii  to  lie  iiiude  to  Hiieh  as  Im',,! 
I)een  wroiifjed  Ity  liim,  or  (.'ls(!  wlioly  disert  and  leauo  him,  tliat  tin;  i\arni",|,. 
sett  and  otliers  may  re(|uere  and  reeoner  satisfaetioii  aw  tliey  eun." 

We  |»as.s  now  to  tiie  year  Ki")!,  omittin;,'  to  notice  some  few  oveiits  iniiriwr 
less  eonneeted  witli  our  sidtjeet,  wliieli,  in  anoijier  eliapter,  may  projierlv  |i,i> 
jnder  review. 


un( 

liast  year,  Thoma.t  Stanton  liad  lieen  ordered  "to  jjet  an  aceoiint  of  the  iinn,. 
beraiid  names  oftlie  several  l*e(|nots  livinfj;  anion;,'  the  Narraf{aiisets,  Niantiik! 
or  Mohei,'an  Indians,  tVe. ;  who,  hy  an  agreement  madi?  al\er  the  l*<'i|iiot  \\n\\  mv 
justly  trihutaries  to  the  Mnfdisli  eoloni.s,  and  to  receive  tlio  trii)iile  due  foiilii. 
fust  year."  Stanton  now  appeared  as  intei-preter,  and  with  him  cainc  ,i!m, 
Unras  and  wneral  of  his  men,  lVf(juas}i  Couh  and  some  of  "  jVi  anrrrwyrs  "  umi 
"Riiljcrt,  II  Peqnot,  sometimes  a  servant  to  Mr.  It'inthrnp,  and  sona^  "iijiliiin 
B'al  some  Pefpiots  living'  on  Lon^'  Islaiul."  They  at  this  time  delivered  :j|j 
fathom  of  wampum.     Of  this  Unras  l»roui;ht  /!•,  .XimffrtCs  men  !M,  vVc. 

"This  wampum  beiii^  laid  down,  l.'nras  and  (tthers  of  the  l'((|iii,i< 
demanded  why  tl  is  tribute  was  recpiired,  how  lonj;  it  was  to  coiuiinic, .hiI 
whether  th(^  ehilfiren  to  Ik^  born  herealler  were  to  jtay  it."  They  win 
'.  svvered  that  the  tril)uto  had  !ieen  due  yearly  from  the  I'equots  since  |(;> 
.  account  of  tin  ir  murders,  wars,  &c.  upon  tiie  Kiiffhsh.  "  VVherefon.  ii,, 
commissioiKirs  mi^dit  have  reipiired  both  account  aial  payment,  as  of  a  |ik 
dei»t,  llir  time  past,  but  are  contented,  if  it  be  thaiikfnily  acct^pted,  to  nmii 
what  is  |)asr,  accountinjr  oidy  from  1()5(),  when  Thomas  Stanton^s  <;mpl()yiiiiiit 
and  salary  besjan."  Also  that  tin;  triliite  shuiild  end  in  ten  years  inore,  iiml 
that  children  horoailor  born  should  bu  exempt.  Hitherto  all  mule  cliildnn 
were  taxed. 

The  next  matti  r  witli  which  we  shall  proceed,  has,  in  tiie  lift*  of  Ousar.it- 
quin,  been  merely  glanced  at,  and  reserved  lor  this  place,  to  which  it  iiHire 
oroperly  belongs. 

We  have  now  arrived  to  tlu;  y<>ar  Idfil,  and  it  was  in  the  spring  of  this  vrar 
that  a  war  broke  out  !)etween  Unras  and  the  old  sadiem  before  naiiicil.  \\ 
seems  very  clear  that  the  Wampanoairs  had  been  I'riendly  to  th<'  NarnniiiiNK 
for  a  long  tinm  jirevions;  being  si-parated  from  them,  were  not  dlim 
involv(Ml  in  tlii'ir  trotililes.  They  saw  how  Unras  was  favored  by  the  Knirlsli, 
and  were,  therefore,  careful  to  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  Mohegaiis,  t'liiin 
whom  they  wnv  still  fiuther  removed.  Of  tla^  rise,  progress  and  teriniiiaiiMii 
of  their  war  upon  tin;  (jualiaogs,  a  trilin  of  Ni|)nniks  belonging  to  If'asamnm 
tlu^  reader  may  gather  the  most  important  facts  from  some  doeuin»!iits,'  wiiiih 
we  shall  in  th<;  next  place  lay  before  him. 

"Mercuuii's  de  QiTABACoNK,  or  a  declaration  of  t'te  dealings  of  fVij 
and  th(>  Moliegin  Indians,  to  certain  Indians  tht;  inhal>itants  of  Quaiiacoiik. 
21,  Ml!  luo.  Kitij. 

"About  ten  weeks  sinc(!  Unras''  son,  acconrpaiued  with  70  Indians,  set  iipoD 
the  Indians  at  (tuabaconk,  and  slew  three  persons,  and  carried  away  six  [iris- 
oners;  among  which  were  one  s(|uaw  and  her  two  children,  whom  win n  lie 
Iiad  brought  to  tlie  tiirt,  Unras  dismissed  tla;  s»|uaw,  en  conditions  lliiit  A\f 
would  go  Ikmiii'  and  bring  him  il'-i.j  in  peag,  two  guns  and  two  hlankiis. tir 
the  rele.-.se  of  h<'rselt'  and  her  children,  which  as  yet  she  hath  not  doni',  l«'iii5 
retained  liy  the  sagamore  of  Wtshak(!im,  in  hopes  that  their  league  with  the 
Knglish  will  fre(!  tliem. 

"At  the  same  liun'  he  carried  away  idso,  in  stuff  and  mojiey,  to  tlaMii'iie 
of  £.'37,  and  at  su<'h  tim<!  j.s  Unras  received  notice  of  the  displeasmc  of  liie 
Knglish  in  the  IMassachiisetts  by  tla?  worshii)ful  IMr.  ff'intlirnp,  he  insoliiitk 
laughed  them  to  scorn,  and  professed  that  he  would  still  go  on  as  In'  Id 
begun,  and  assay  who  dares  to  coiitroll  him.  Moreover,  liiur  days  siiire 
lliere  came  home  a  prisoner  that  esca|)(!d ;  two  yet  remaining,  whom  f  Voj 

*  lu  manuscript,  and  never  before  published. 


J 


[Rook  II 

"onltTcil  ilm, 
V  Uiul  roiiiiiii,,, 
'iul<'i-staii(lii|ir<. 
(>  Hiu'li  as  liini,. 
,  tilt;  NaiTii:;(  I . 
I." 

3V(!iit.s  iniiri'fr 
y  properly  |,;i«< 

lilt  of  tlic  mill;. 
isi'ts,  Niaiitii'L.. 
I*»'(pi()t  war,  iiiv 
lite  tliii'  litrilii- 
liiiii  caiiK'  ,'i!mi 
nnrmjYn"  mui, 
some  wiili  liiiii, 
IS  (li'livcrcd  lil'i 
i-ni»l,  iS.c. 
)f'  the  l'(M|iiii|< 
o  coiitimic, mil 
."      Tlicy  \Mr,' 

lots    HilllM-    llfc',«. 

"  Wlierct'Dir  tin 
(!iit,  US  of  a  ji;-i 

CCptl'tl,  to    ICIIlil 

(h's  tdiipliiyiiinii 
years  more,  imd 
il  mule  childrtn 

life  of  OiMfl.iie- 
)  whifli  it  niiire 

riiifj  of  tills  yrai 
fore  luinitMl.  li 
lie  NarniiriiiMK 
weri>  not  (itii'ii 
i  l)y  tlie  Kiifrlisli, 
Molieifaiis,  timii 
ami  tenniiialinii 
}j  to  fVasivhnm, 
iiiiieiits,*  wliuh 


fnlinpH  of  riifflj 
of  CiiiaUu'Diik, 

tinlians,  set  npnn 

I'd  away  six  |iris- 

wlunri  wlii'ii  lie 

litlitions  tliiit  slio 

^\vo  Maiiki'is.  jir 

not  doiii',  iH'lnj 

lenf?iie  w  itli  llie 

liiey,  to  tl)o  va'iio 
[sp"leasiinM)t"  ihf 
f)/>,  lie  iiisiili'iitiy 
to  on  as  111'  liiiii 
lfo\ir  (lays  siiire 
lig,  whom  (VflJ 


nnr.  v.] 


IIEFLF.CTIONS.— MESSAHE  TO  UNCAS. 


99 


tlirt'atf 
Mill  til 
tiiiii  \v 
waiiilt: 


■ns,  the 
rcateiis 
hatsoev 
r  fiir  fr< 


one  of  them  to  kill,  ami  the  other  to  sell  away  ns  n  slavo,  and 
to  eoiitiniie  his  war  aifainst  ilieiii,  iiotwithstanirm<;  any  |)roliilti- 
(  r;  whose  very  threats  are  so  terrihie,  that  our  Imlians  dure  not 
)iii  the  towns  almiit  the  indiuiis  tiir  tiiir  of  siirjirise. 

From  the  relation  of 

IVVMBASHUA, 

oik!  testimony  of 

Wahasiaoi.v, 

Ul'AqUKm  I  .NSKT, 

and  others," 


rrniii  this  narrative  it  is  very  plain  that  I'lirns  eared  very  little  for  the  dis- 
nli'Msiire  of  the  Knglish :  it  is  plain,  also,  that  he  knew  as  well  as  they  what 
ii(|it  lliein  from  dealins.'  as  severely  with  him  as  with  the  Narruffansets,  his 
iiiiirliiiiii-s.  They  must  siieemnh  to  liim,  to  keep  him  in  a  temp<'r  to  aid  in 
fii'liliiij.' their  liattles  when  called  upon.  Ileiiee,  when  ho  had  committed  the 
('Hissist  insiills  on  other  Indians,  the  wheels  of  jiistiee  ollen  moved  so  slow, 
tliiii  tliiv  arrived  not  at  their  ohjeet  imtil  it  had  heeome  cpiite  another  matter, 
ll  must,  however,  hi-  considered,  that  the  lOn^rlish  were  very  jticuliarly  sit- 
ii„l,.i|— iipiiii  the  very  marjrin  of  an  nnknown  wilderness,  inclosed  hut  on  one 
i.iile  hv  liidiai  s  whose  chief  hiisiness  was  war.  Thev  had  destroyed  the 
l'r(|ii(iis,  hilt  this  oidy  added  to  their  fi'ars.  for  they  kni'  'hut  reveiifre  linked 
still  ill  the  hreasts  of  many,  w  ho  only  were  waitinj;  .  >v  i  •  o|)portimity  t(» 
p-iititV  it;  lliere((>re,  so  lony  as  one  of  ihe  most  numerous  t  .  "s  could  possi- 
!ilv  he  kejit  on  their  side,  the  Kujilish  considered  then.  'Ivi-s  in  safi-ly.  They 
Jitid  made  many  misste|is  in  their  proeeediiiffs  with  the  Indians,  owin;;  sonie- 
tiiiits  to  one  cause  and  souietimes  to  another,  for  which  now  there  was  no 
rt'iMfdy;  and  it  is  doiilitfiil  whether,  even  at  this  day,  if  ;ny  set  of  men  were 
to  iri>  into  an  unknown  reirioii  and  seitle  amon<r  wild  men,  that  they  would 
gft  aloiiij  with  them  so  much  hetter  than  our  tti.  rs  did  with  the  Indians 
licic,  as  some  may  have  ima<iined.  These  lu-e  eon.  .lerutious  which  must  he 
tiiKi'ii  into  account  in  estimatiii<r  the  "wronjis  of  the  Indians."  They  seem 
llic  more  necessary  in  this  place;  for,  in  the  hiosrraphy  of  Uncns,  then;  is  us 
niiicli,  pt-rhaps,  to  ci^isure  regarding  the  acts  of  the  English,  as  in  any  other 
ftrticle  of  Indian  history. 

The  narrative  just  recited,  heing  sent  in  to  the  court  of  Mnssacliiisetts,  was 
refined  to  a  select  committee,  who,  on  the  1  June,  reported. 

Thai  letters  shoidd  hi;  sent  to  Uncas,  signifying  how  sensihle  the  court  was 
of  the  iiiiiiries  he  had  done  them,  hy  his  outrage  upon  the  Indians  of  Cluuhu- 
roiik,  who  lived  under  their  sagamore,  JVassama^in,  as  set  forth  in  th(! 
narrative.  That,  therefore,  tlu-y  now  desired  him  to  give  up  the  captives  and 
make  restitution  for  nil  the  goods  taken  from  tlieni,  and  to  torhear  for  time  to 
ooiiie  all  such  unlawful  acts.  Tliut,  if  It'assamagin  or  his  suhjects  had  or 
should  do  him  or  his  suhjects  any  wrong,  the  Knglish  wonhl,  upon  due 
proof;  cuiiso  recompense  to  Ir;  made.  Also  that  Uncas  be  given  to  under- 
stand and  assured,  that  if  ho  refuse  to  comply  with  the  request,  they  were 
then  resolved  to  right  the  injiu'ies  upon  him  and  his,  and  for  nil  costs  they 
nii;ilit  he  put  to  in  the  service.  "That  for  the  encouragement  and  safety  of 
the  sayd  H'assnmaf^in  and  his  subjects,  there  be  by  order  of  Major  IVillard 
thne  or  four  armed  men,  well  accomodate  in  all  respects,  with  n  proporcoii 
of  powder,  hulletts  and  match  sent  ti-oni  Lancaster  t(»  Cliiabaconk  vnto  the 
sayd  ff'wisamap^in,  there  to  stay  a  night  or  two,  and  to  slioctte  of  their  mus- 
qiiits  so  often,  and  in  such  wise,  as  the  major  shall  direct,  to  terrific  the 
ciii'iiiies  of  H'assamafcin,  and  so  to  return  home  again."  To  inform  IVassama- 
pn  and  his  subjects,  that  the  authorities  of  Massachusetts  would  esteem  it  an 
arkiKiwIedginent  of  their  regard,  if  they  woidd  permit  them  to  have  the 
captives  to  be  recovered  from  Uncas,  to  bring  tlietn  np  in  a  proper  manner, 
that  lliey  might  be  siTviceahh'  to  their  friends,  &:c.  Also,  "uduice  and  re- 
qnire //'(/.Mrtmn^iH  and  his  men  to  be  verie  carefiill  of  iniuring  or  any  ways 
protioking  of  Vncas,  or  any  of  liis  men,  as  he  will  answer  our  displeasure 


V:'  '.<:. 


r^i  i ; 


100 


UNCA.S   WAR  WITH   ALEXANOKR. 


[HiiDK  II 


! 


I 


thiTcin,  niid  iiinirr  due  niiniMliinnit  for  ihr  Hiimc."  'Flint  if  flticwi  ••oininittcj 
nii\  oilier  hostile  arts,  lie  iiiiiHt  (-oiiijilaiti  to  tli(!iii,  &c,*  TliUH  hu/niinniifin 
WiiH  ii.s  iiiiii-li  tlireateiied  as  llnran. 

iMiitters  seem  to  liiive  remained  tliiis  imti!  the  meetiii^  ol'  tlie  <'oiiiiiii.ssioi,. 
<'rs  ill  Se|ilemlier  ((lilitvviii;;:;  when,  in  due  rtiurse,  the  husiiiess  was  eallitj  n,, 
and  aeted  ii|mui  as  follows: — 

"  X'jion  eoiiijilaint  mad'-  to  the  comissioiiai's  of  the  Massacliiisctts  a}.'iiiii«| 
I'likas,  this  following'  mess.iv't'  «as  sent  to  him: — 

"  ynras,  woe  haiie  reeeiiied  informiilioii  and  eomjilainl  from  the  iri-iicrull 
court  of  the  IMasHiichiisetts  of  \ oner  hostile  invadini;  of  Itostimii/inn  aiiil  t|„ 
IndiaiiH  of  (tiialiakiitt,  whoe  are  and  loii^'c  haiie  hiiie  siihjeets  to  tiie  l'!ii>;li.|| 
killing'  some  and  earrvin^'  away  others;  sjiuyliii^'  tlieiic  }.'oods  to  the  viilliicni 
JJlHIi.  as  they  allej.'*'."  That  he  had  done  tiiis  contrary  to  his  coveiinnt^.  ninl 
had  taken  no  iiotiee  of  the  demands  id'  the  iMassaclmsetts,  tholl^ll  sonu'  tiim 
flince  they  had  ordered  him  to  deliver  up  the  nijitiMs,  mak<^  reniiUM'niiinii, 
&e.  And  to  all  he  had  returned  no  answer;  "  whieh,"  eoiitiniies  thcldiir 
"HeeiiH's  to  hee  an  insolent  and  proud  earriajrc  of  yoiierx  We  eaimiii  Imt 
wonder  att  it,  and  must  heare  witness  a^r'iiii'^t  it."  lie  was,  as  liefore,  iciiniivil 
t<»  return  tin;  captner:,  Kr.  and  jrive  reasons  for  his  operations;  and  if  [n 
riejjieeted  to  do  so,  tli<;  IVlassr  •hiisetts  were  at  lilMyty  to  ri<;ht  themselvis. 

In  the  mean  time,  as  we  apprelHiid,  a  letter  from  I'ncas  wan  rereived,  writ- 
ten Ity  Captain  .Mason,  wliicii  was  as  followH  : — 

"Whereas  there  was  a  warrant  sent  from  the  court  of  Hostoii,  dated  in  mv 
last  to  Incus,  sacheni  of  Mohesren,  wherin  it  was  declared  vpon  the  nuiI- 
plaint  of  ff'vsnnieqnrn,^  a  sachem  siihject  to  the  iMiissai  hiisetts,  tliat  the  siid 
Vnrit/i  had  otli-red  f,n-eat  vitdence  to  tlieire  siilijects  at  Hiialmiik,  killiiifr  some  ninl 
takiiifr  others  captiiie ;  whiidi  warrant  came  not  to  ('««m,  not  ahoiie 'i()(|iiii> 
before  these  presents,  who,  lieiiif.'  summoned  hy  IMajor  John  JMasi.ii,  in  lii|| 
Bcopeitf  tin;  said  warrant,  wherein  he  was  deeply  charfrcd  if  hi  did  not  imira 
the  eaptiiies,  and  CSi  diimajre,  then  th<'  Massachusetts  would  rei'eiier  it  |i 
force  (d'arnies,  wliicdi  to  him  was  iiery  jrrieiioiis  :  prolissin;,'  he  was  altojici' 
ignorant  that  they  wcr"  Mihjects  heloiiLfin^'  to  the  iMassaclmsetts;  and  I'lirtlicr 
eMiid  that  they  were  none  of  H'es(ime(iuen\<i  men,  hut  lielon^'in;.' to  Ormpe'iuinjm 
deadly  eneniie,  whoe  was  there  home;  one  of  the  men  then  taken  was  ln« 
own  cousin,  who  had  fnrnu'rly  liiu;;ht  ai,'aiiist  him  in  his  own  person;  andjcit 
sett  him  att  lil)(Mlie ;  and  further  saitli  that  all  the  captiues  were  sent  lioinc, 
Als<te  that  ff'esanu(iuin[^a]  son  |  and  diners  of  his  men  had  fought  iiiraiiist  liim 
diuerH  times.  This  la;  desired  might  hee  returned  as  his  auHwarc  to  lli" 
coiiiissioiiers. 

" .  iV/n-anf/er  allis  Jf'amaiUta,  saclieiii  of  Sowninsett,  being  now  att  Plyinoiitli, 
bee  challenged  <.|ualmuk«;  Indians  to  belong  to  him  ;  and  further  ^lid  that  iitc 
did  warr  against  I'ncas  this  Hiinuner  on  that  account.  § 

Signed  by 

John  Mason." 


*  Here  cud  our  MSS.  rnlalinj^  (o  tills  affair. 

t  liy  tills  ii  wouKI  M'eiii  lliai  .Uussasoit  had,  for  some  time,  resided  among  the  Mpmucks 
He  had,  prohnMv.  given  up  Pokaiiokct  to  his  sous. 

t  'I'lirre  ran  -(  arcc  Ix'  a  donlil  that  this  rclers  to  Alexamhr,  ami  Uml  die  next  parnirapb 
conlinn^it;  \wwc  Massosoil  \\n^  alive  in  May,  Kif)!,  as  we  have  before  slalp<l.  Ami  llie 
above  leitcr  of  Miisuii  was  probably  writlcn  in"  Sepleinbcr,  or  while  tiie  cominissioufrs  were 
in  sessidu. 

C\  ll  secins  alwa>s  to  have  been  unrorlain  to  wliom  the  NIpmncks  belonge<l.  R'<:" 
HWi«//i.v  says,  in  l"(i(">f?,  "That  all  the  Ncepniurks  were  unqncslionably  snbjcrt  to  the  Nan- 
liii^cniset  sachems,  and.  In  a  speolal  manner,  to  M  iksith,  die  son  of  ('aunouninis,  and  hi'r 
husband  to  this  old  SiiU'iir-Snrhriu,  now  only  surviving.  I  iiave  abundant  and  daily  procil  of 
il,"  &.r.     Ml^.  letter.     .See  life  Mcissasoil,  b.  ii.  rli.  ii. 

At  one  time,  Kutsliamakiu  claimed  some  of  the  NIpmuf  ks,  or  consented  to  be  made  a  loo! 
of  by  some  oflheni,  for  some  private  end.  Bnt  Mr.  Pynclioii  said  they  would  not  own  liiin  as 
a  sachem  any  longer  "  than  the  sun  sinned  upon  iiim."  Had  they  belonged  to  him.  Mil "sa- 
chusetis  must  have  owned  iliem.  whic  h  would  have  involved  Uiem  in  much  difficully  in  KV18, 
by  reason  of  several  murders  among  them. 


rns  ••oriimittcj 
IS  lf'i(,i^iimi)fin 

['.  )'oiiiiiiissi(iii. 

WMS  Cllllcil  |||| 

iiisrttH  uj»irni>| 

II  till-  jri'iicrali 
niiinin  mill  tin 
to  till'  r.ii:.'li-li, 
lo  lilt'  viilliii'iii 
(•<ivriiiiiit>,  mill 

1 1^1 1     sill  ill'  tilii,. 

I  rciiiiincriiiiiiii, 

MIU'S    till'  lltliT, 

VVc  ruiiiiol  lint 
icfori",  rfiiuiiv:] 
mis;  111  i|  if  III 
iciiisclvi  s. 
I  r«.'i"«'iv»»i,  writ- 


on,  (liiti'il  ill  my 

v|)f)ii  till'  ciiji,. 

Its,  that  tlii'siiiil 

kiHin^sdiiii'iiiiil 

t  lllllMH'  'iO(lllil> 

i  Mas(,n,  ill  liill 
;■  (lid  i;iit  ri'tiirii 
il  rpi'i'iK'v  it  li 
(•  WHS  iiltof:('i': 
tts  ;  iiiid  liirtluT 
(>  Onopt'iuin,  liin 

I  tJikcii  was  \\\i 
KTSoii ;  aiidji'it 

crc  scut  Ikmiic. 
ji^dit  at;aiiixt  liim 

aiisware  to  lli" 

|\v  att  riyiiioiitli, 
icr  Kiid  tliut  liti' 


OHN  Mason." 


Ciar.  Vr] 


UNCAS.— SASSACda. 


lUl 


long  ll"'  Nipmucks 

|ho  next  pariisrraph 
slaloil.    Anil  ilic 
lominissioiitTi  wcrt 

lliclonsod.     Ri/" 

liilijcrt  to  the  Nwi- 

noiiniciif,  and  laif 

[mid  daily  proof  of 

lo  1)0  made  n  Innl 
liild  IKll  fiwii  I'll"  '^ 
ted  to  liim.  Ma<-a- 
{i  dilliculiy  iu  \(y% 


Till'  iiartiiMiiars  tif  tl"'  iHsiir  of  tlirsr  trniilili-H  wi-ro  not  rornrdcd,  niid  tlio 
„i,,|,ii(iii  is  that  IJnras  iM)iii|dinl  with  tlii'  rcasoniihlc  r('(|iit'sis  of  the  Kii;;- 
L|'  ,„„|  till'  old,  pcarcidiii'  Ouminnjmn,  \n\\\<i  iiiiwilliiiK  to  ;,'(t  into  (hlliniliy, 
iiiit'iiji  with  tin-  ii'siiit  without  avcii^iii;,'  his  Nvronn;s.  Mis  son,  It'iimsiilln,  hh 
will  hi'  ►*'''"»  idMiiit  this  tiiiit'  found  hiiiisi  It'  involved  in  ditiirultiis  neanr 
Ikuiii',  whifli  |iiohal)ly  |>rcvt'nt«'d  iiiiii  from  foiitintiin;,'  lliu  wur  af,'a:iist  Uncus, 
littd  lie  hcuii  otherwist!  ilisjioHcd. 


»###« 


CHAPTER  VI. 


Of  the  PriiHOt  nalion — flfosrrii/ilnj  oftlirir  rountnj — Sassiatiis,  lhr.tr  firs 
III  ihe  Hill,'!  -ll' — Tii.i.idi/iiiiiio't — ii'itr — Thi  ntii.ii:  of  il — VVkhiiash — ( 
,Mi  iiituiiuom  II  iiiTimril  of  hiirlwring  J'liirilirc  Pcqitulu — iiaaaainon — t 


Sassiatiis,  lhr.tr first,  ehiff,  hnnwn 

'iinou'riis  and 

Mom  ON  OTTO — 


Od/a/i— Cas»a»sinnamon 


"  Bill  niiiiT  I'vi"  mcntioMMil  Sn.imieii.i'  grofit  imino, 
Tliiit  iliiy  Kii  iiiiiili  II  li'rriir  wlirrii  II  ciuiie  ( 
l.«t  nil',  In  iirii-iiM'iitiiiii  ol'  my  Hliiry, 
Hay  iiuiiivtiiiiii;  of  liii  iiriito  unit  kiii;{iluiii'ii  glury." — Wolcott. 

It  is  said  hy  Mr.  IfubbanI*  that  the  Pr(|iiots,f  "being  u  more  fierce,  mud, 
and  warlike  |ieo|)le  than  tlu^  rest  of  the  Indians,  eanie  down  out  of  tin;  moro 
iiiliiiid  parts  td' the  continent,  and  Ity  force  seizin!  upon  one  of  the  goodlicHt 
nliu'i'S  near  tlie  sea,  and  hecamo  a  terror  to  all  their  neighbors."  The  tiiiii-  of 
dirir  emigration  is  unknown.  They  made  all  the  other  tribes  "stand  in  awe, 
tliiiii'di  fewer  in  number  tliuii   tin;  NarragansetH,  that  bordered  next  upon 

Their  coimtry,  nccording  to  Mr.  Gookin,§  "the  English  of  Connecticut 
juii.-dii'tion,  doth  now,  (I(i74,]  liir  the  most  part,  possess."  Their  dominion, 
or  that  of  their  chii'f  sacliem,  was,  according  to  the  same  nutlior,  "over  clivers 
iirtty  saL'ainores ;  as  over  part  of  Long  Island,  over  the  Moliegan.s,  and  over 
till-  saL'ainores  of  Ciuinapeake,  [now  New  Haven,]  yea,  over  all  the  people  that 
dwelt  upon  Connecticut  River,  and  over  some  ot  the  most  southerly  inhabit- 
ants (if  the  Nipinuck  country,  about  (iiiinab.iag."  The  principal  seat  nf  the 
safraii'ores  was  near  the  mouth  of  Pequot  River,  now  called  the  Tliamea, 
wlirc  New  London  stands.  "These  Pe(piots,  as  old  Indians  relate,  could,  in 
former  times,  raise  4000  men  fit  lor  war."  ||  The  fii-st  great  chief  of  this 
imtioii,  known  to  the  English,  was 

Sassacus,  who.se  name  was  a  terror  to  all  the  neighboring  tribes  of  Indians. 
From  the  ti-iiitfui  letters  of  t'lc;  Reverend  /Joafcr  tVdimms,  we  learn  that  he  had 
a  liiotlier  by  the  name  oi'  Puppompos^cs,  wdiose  residence  was  at  Monuhiganick, 
[irolialily  Mohegiin.  Although  Sasmcits\<{  principal  residenct;  was  upon  tho 
Tliam  's,  yet,  in  his  highest  prosperity,  he  had  under  him  no  less  than  2(> 
hucIk'his,  and  his  dominions  were  from  N.irraganset  Kay  to  Hudson's  River, 
in  the  direction  of  the  sea-coast.  Long  Island  was  u!so  nndi  r  liim,  and  his 
aiitliority  was  undisputed  far  into  the  country. 

A  hiother  of  .Srtw /cits,  named  Tansftquanott,  survived  the  Peqiiot  war,  and 
was  one  of  those  complained  of  by  Uncus  in  1047,  for  giving  his  comitrymeu 
"oiooked  counsell"  about  a  presc^nt  of  wam|)um,  which  he  had  advis«'d  to  bo 
pivcii  to  the  Englisli  instead  of  him.  It  appears  that  on  the  death  of  a  child 
of  I'licai,  the  I'equots  bad  firesented  him  with  100  tatliom  of  wampum,1I 
which,  when  Tassaqnanotl  knew,  he  disapproved  of  it,  politicly  urging,  that 
it'tlie  r.nglish  were  conciliated  by  any  means  towards  them,  it  mattered  not 
nuR'h  about  Uncos. 


*  Narralivc,  1.  IIG. 

t  \Vi'  lii'licvo  tliis  namo  meant  Graij  foxes,  hence  Oray-fox  lu'lians,  or  Pcquols. 
}  Kisi.  New  Kn!,'lnii<l,  33. 

*  .Sic  his  (,'olleciioii.i  in  I  ('oil.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  i.  147.  H  Ibid. 
*i  Uu:ard,  Hist.  Col.  ii.  DO. 

9* 


■■'M'yfy',: 


i'  ■■'*'      ' '■ 'is? E^ ?M 
k'5;t.:6|f| 


•at''- ''"■■» '^Sf if 


!«■' 


102 


SASHACrS— PF.aJMVr  WARS. 


[IllloK  II 


Wo  nn;  iiiroriii<*<1,*  tliiit  CoiimrtUMit  wiim  clHiiiictl  l)y  rifflit  of  niiKjinsi  „; 
9IW  ti'iif  l»y  iIm>  tiiHt  while  h(  tlliif,  wlio  toiintl  iiiiiih  of  it  niltivatitl  iuhI  «,i 
Ucd  1)}'  itH  liMlian  iiihaliiliinls,  alilmiii^ii  tlicy  iMiiliaMin  il  tliat  it  fliiinjij  |, 
Uiuirrstooil  iitlii-rwiHr.  The  iiiiiiiIk  is  ol'  tlir  luiliMH  in  that  ir^r,,,!,  y^^^, 
•♦  thoiiHaiiilH,  whii  liail  tlino  l<iii>fH,  \i/..  ('onntrliruli,  ({uiimiuio/f,  niu\  Sah.,. 
CUM."  Coniurlirolc  waH  "ciiipi  ror,"  or  rhirf  nl"  rhirln,  uii  ••Irvatinn  in  \\|||,|, 
hv  anil  his  uii<Tnti>rH  hud  hUmkI  for  ahoiit  KK)  ytarH,  accunliiig  to  their  in,. 
ditidiiH. 

Ahiiiit  tlie  tiinr  tlie  l''ii<.'lihli  liad  th'ti-riniiicd  on  tht-  Hidijnfration  ot'  ilic  |v. 
qnots,  Uoffrr  fHlllams  wrote  to  (iovernor  flintlirop  of  iVlassaehiiwetlr',  ffumi, 
liiin  ini|ioitant  diiectionH  how  they  hIioiiM  proeeed  to  advantajre,  and  HJmi 
WU8  very  important  tiieii,  gave  llie  ttdlowiiig  rudu  driill  ol'tlieir  foiintry  :— 

llivrr  (tiiiinilitii-nt.f 

O  n  I'lirt  ul'llin  Ninntui|nitt  ninii,  coiilcilcrato  wild  the  l'('i|uU. 
Miiliignnir  River. 


Oliiini 

■  WUIII|I 


ciwiiiikii,A  llin 
3  or  4  iiiilu*  IVom 


0  VVrin»lmiil<»,  wlioro 

Sanaruun,  llii-  cliii'riinrliini,  ii. 

Mi*-  O  "'-''i  wliiTc  l<  Mnmnh«,\\  ntiiillicr  ctiinf  ■acliini. 

Kiviir. 

Niiyiiii    O  tui|iiil,t   vvlicri-  in  H'rpilriimmok  nml  niir  fiinmlb 
«x^  v%^  w\  %^^%^*wwvw%  v^*%%^ 
Uivur. 

In  tlic  Biiine  letter,  Mr.  ffilliams  nrgcH  the  neecHsily  of  eni|)|oyinj;  fnitliful 
guiih'S  for  tlie  Knglish  forces;  "uk  Hhuil  hi^  hest  liked  «if  [to]  he  taken  iilmii! 
to  direct,  eppeeially  two  I'eqntH;  vi/.  Weqtioiih,  [whoHe  naiiK;  signified  a  swimi 
and  H'ltUmkquiarkommin,  vuliant  men,  es|»eeially  tln^  latter,  who  have  JiMil 
tlieHO  three  or  four  years  with  the  Nunhifrgontieks,  anil  know  every  piissniul 
poswige  amongst  them,  who  ch-sire  armor  to  enter  their  houses." 

In  liilM,  as  has  heen  heliin;  iiiridentally  mentioned,  one  (^ipiain  Stone  \\i\i 
killed  hy  the  Peipiots,  while  ii|ion  n  trading  ex|)edition  in  ('onneetleiit  Kivir, 
Without  knowing  the  reason  of  their  killing  Stone,  the  Knglish  deniaiiilti!  ilic 
murderers  soon  nOer,  and  as  Sassacus  was  involved  in  tronhlis  with  the  Nar- 
niganscts  and  all  his  iieighhors,  he  thought  it  not  Ix  st  entirely  to  slight  iln' 
demand  of  the  I'liglish  ;  he  thereliire  .sent  iin  sseiig!  rs  to  IJostcni,  where  ilitv 
arrivod  (>  Novemher,  with  olli-rs  of  peaee,  whieli,  alter  ronsidirahle  deHlirrii. 
tion  on  the  part  of  thi;  I'liglish,  were  accepted,  und  a  treaty  was  entered  inio 
on  the  !Hh  follow  ing. 

A  messenger  had  hi^en  sent,  in  October,  upon  the  same  errand,  hut  wils 
dismissed  with  orders  to  inform  Sassnais,  that  he  must  send  |)ersoiis  of  grcaiir 
quality,  and  then  the  English  would  treat  with  him.  "lie  hreiiglit,"  xns 
H'intlirop,  "two  hiindles  of  sticks,  wherehy  he  signifn  (I  how  many  heiiveniml 
otter  .sknis  he  would  give  us  for  that  end,  and  gnat  store  ol"  wamponiiuiiiic, 
(about  two  bushels,  by  his  deHcription.)"  lie  had  a  small  present  with  liiiii, 
which  was  accepted  by  the  l<nglisli,  who  gave  him  in  return,  "a  in<iOfii' oui 
of  as  good  value." 

The  treaty  entered  into  on  the  9  Novendjcr,  1(J34,  between  the  Pe()iiotS!iiiil 
English,  stipulated  that  the  murderers  of  Cajttain  Stone  sIk  iild  be  given  up  to 
the  English,  of  whom  there  were  at  that  time  h  ft  but  two,  as  attested  Its  llic 
amiiassadorsof  iSassflciw,  who  further  observ( d  in  exphiniition,  that  the  saiiicm 
in  whose  time  the  act  was  eommitti  d,  was  dead,  having  been  slain  in  a  \v;\r 
with  the  Dutch,  and  that  all  the  men  concerned  in  it,  except  two,  Iwid  a'so 
died  of  the  small-pox.  This,  together  wiih  the  facts  given  in  concerniiii;  llii' 
death  of  »S7one,  inclined  the  English  to  believe  the  account  altogether;  nml, 
but  for  what  happened  afl(TV\'urds,  it  is  probable  that  the  historians  of  that 


*  Rut  with  what  Imlli  I  know  not,  for  il  rests  upon  llir  iiiilhorily  of  Priers. 
t  (^onncciictii.  X  Nianlick.  (  A  name  s>ignifyia<;  an  Owl's  tiesl. 

II  Probably  Mononollo. 


CiiAr  VI.J 

[H'riod  would  li; 
(Till  iiniKir.  f^u 
(iilc,  Mil),  the  d 


tiuiis: 


Hut 


Savu  lelltr 


fa  the  progn-i 
mm  llicii  living 
(lentil,  they  woiil 
\\i>  tit  iheniJ'elves, 
(if  their  ait  wit 
Hci/eil  upon  tW( 
Kitiiatiiin,  oltligei 
(iir  a."!  he  desirei 
liidiaiis,  went  (tn 
wild,  when  tln-y  I 
thi'iii  and  niassac 
('(iii^idering  tin 
this  act ;  two  of  t 
wliit,  from  every 
nil  net  of  pure  he 
hands  of  an  iiivad 
'fherefore,  bein 
|icnce  with  them, 
wild  for  them  ;  " 
mid  -JO  liiaver  an 
wild  a  vessel  with 
'I'lie  names  of  til 
with  the  mark  of  i 
The  same  day  i 
who  had  marched 
ilisi'iivery  heing  iiii 
nt  lliAliiiry,  and  th 
the  liinherancc^  of 
with  a  jtonion  of  i 
('(lining  fntm  then 
The  Narnigansets 
retired  satisfied. 

Distrust  soon  gn 
mid  thusi;  with  hii 
pine  on  hoard  his  \ 
Stone  aslee|t  in  his 
cxi'i'jit  Ciiptain  AT*; 
ilercnded  himsi-lf  lij 
which  for  tlii'  mor 
i'\|il(i(le(l,  Ity  which 
cnilld  hold  out  no  h 
This  matter  at  I 
mvitrdiiig  to  the  hi 
(■i"iiiiislances  of  a 
M  Jolni  Ollliam  \ 
Isl.iiJ,  in  a  small  pi 
Hindi'  his  crew  priso 
Iiiiiiaii>.  The  saiin 
inn  hark  of  yO  ton 
soiiiig  a  vessel  in 
m((liat<  ly  knew  hei 
rorcivi'd  no  answer 
full  of  men  and  goi 
lier  fustruiiug,  and  tl 


(Hook  II 

it<'(l  mill  *(■[. 
it  r<liiiii|(|  I, 
ifjfiiiii  v\iri 

mill  Sahm. 
itiii  ill  wiiiil, 

to  lln'ii'  iia. 

>ll  of  till'  \\: 

lIHI'tl!',   j:i\i|||; 

frc,  mill  wjiui 
uiiiitiy  :— 


Cii*r.  VIl 


SASSAf'irs  — TRK  ATV. 


in:i 


llin 
ua  from 


oy'mp  t'aitliful 
tr  tiikrii  iilmii; 
lifinl  It  swiiid 
ho  liiivr  liviil 
•very  |mssiiiiii 

tdiii  Stone  wiw 
('(•liciit  Kivir. 

iilt'liiuiiilrihlii: 
Willi  llic  Niir- 

|y  to  slijrlii  till' 
II,  wiicrc  tlity 
alilc  (Icliliira- 
<  iiitcrtil  into 

[aiitl,  lint  w;is 

Ions  of  friTiitiT 

]r(iii<rlil,"  !■:!)« 

iiy  licavcr  ami 

|aMI|KIIII|H'll).'l', 

'lit  with  iiiiii, 
11  iiKiosc  I'O'at 

Pcqiiots  mill 
Im-  }rivoii  ii|t  to 
Ittfstcd  hy  tlif 

U  tllC  Sllllll'lll 

Isiiiiti  ill  a  wiir 
Itwo,  hail  a'so 
liiii'crniiiir  tli" 
jgctlicr;  anil, 
jrimis  of  tliiil 


y.     Same  letter 


•rioti  woiilil  Imvr  n'li«'«l  more  ii|ioii  the  I»r(|iiofK'  own  arroiitif  tlimi  tin-  ^riii- 
mil  niiiio''  f^'""''  "'■"  ''"'  ''Villi*  of  liiiir  — II  cirniiiiNlmMT  may  rliaiixi'  (lit) 
Ihic  iiiiv,  till'  cliaracliT  of  a  iintion,  for  u  |mthm|,  in  tliu  tyvtt  u\'  inaiiy  g^iiora 


ttuiiH ! 


iiut 


wo 

f 


■■  ()  'riiiic!  litr  liritiililior  of  lli)<  ili'nil ! 
Ailiiriicr  111'  till'  riiiii ' — iiiinlnricr, 
Ami  oiil^'  Jii'iiiiT,  ulini  llii'  lii'iirl  liiilli  l>li'il! 
'I'liiic,  liii'  I'orfi'i'U'r  wlii'ir  mil-  jmli;iiniii't  vtr." 

Ill  the  protfri'SH  of  tlio  troaty,  tlic  I'l'ipiot  aiiilmssailorM  rtaiil,  tliat  if  tlic  twi 
inrii  iImii  iiviiiK  vviio  liiiii  Ih'cii  ruuniiifd  in  Slonr\i  lU'iilli,  "were  worthy  o 
iliath  tlii'V  woiilil  niovr  their  Htirhriii  to  ilrlivcr  tlii'iii "  to  tin-  I'ln^iish,  lint  that 

lUH  to  Il»'"l'**'l*'''*'  •'">    '""'  ""  l'''^^'"'"   '"   ''"    ^"N  '""'  "'  ""•■''    '"■>>''  'I    ll"'  jlli'^IIH'SH 

of  llii'ir  ad  without  <|iialili('atioii.  Stont;  tin  y  wiiil,  niiiir  into  thrir  rixrr  anil 
Ni'i/iil  iipoii  two  of  thrir  nun,  and  IhiiiiiiI  tlii'in  liand  and  liiot,  .■mil,  in  that 
Hitiialioii,  oliligi-d  tlinii  to  pilot  him  ii|>  the  rivrr.  Wlirii  he  had  puic  np  iih 
liir  as  hi*  di'Hiri'd,  liiiiiHi'lf  and  two  ollirr  wliili^  iiii'ii,  and  tlir  two  iiianarlrd 
jiiilians  NViiit  on  HJiorc.  !Mi-miwliili'  tiny  had  lirni  watrhnl  liy  nine  liidiaiiH, 
wild,  wlii'ii  tliry  found  the  llii^lishinci)  aHli;e|>  on  tlif  foilowiii'x  ni;;hl,  fell  npuii 
tliiMii  ami  iiiaswicnMl  tlinii. 

Ciiiisiiltriiig  till'  Htatr  of  tli*<  Indians,  no  lilanii'  could  lie  attai'lii-d  to  tlinii  ti>r 
tlii.x  ai't ;  two  of  their  roiintryiiiin  were  in  the  liands  of  an  niiknown  p<'op|i>, 
wild  from  every  appearance,  were  ahont  to  put  (hem  to  death,  aiiii  it  was  hy 
III!  act  of  pnro  heiievolenco  and  heroism  that  lliey  delivered  tlieni  out  of  tlin 
lianils  of  an  iiivadiiur  foe, 

'I'liereforc,  heiiiff  satisfied  with  the  account,  the  Kii^rlish  a)rreed  to  have 
iHat-c  with  them,  provided  they  would  give  up  the  two  men  when  tliry  should 
si'ImI  ti>r  them  ;  "to  yeld  up  Connecticut ;"  to  give  400  fathom  of  wanipoin, 
nnii  '(0  hiaver  and  MO  otter  skins ;  and  that  the  I'lnglish  should  iinmediately 
Hi'iiil  a  vessel  with  a  cargo  of  clntli  to  trade  with  them. 

The  names  of  these  amitassadors  are  not  recordrd  ;  liiit  one  signed  the  treaty 
with  the  mark  of  a  how  and  arrow,  and  the  othi  r  with  that  of  a  hanil. 

'I'lii-  same  day  alioiit  '2  or  .'KJO  Narragaiisits  wen-  discovered  at  Nepoiiset, 
wild  had  inarched  out  for  the  purpose  of  killing  these  aiiiliassadoix.  ThiH 
iliscdvery  heing  made  liefore  tiie  treaty  was  concluded,  the  Knglisli  met  them 
at  llnviiiiry,  and  there  iiegiitiated  a  treaty  li  tweeii  the  I'eqnots  and  them.  For 
tlic  fnnheraiice  of  u  liich,  the  I'ciiuots  instructed  the  r'.nglisli  to  present  them 
with  a  poilioii  of  the  wampoiii  which  tin  y  were  to  give  to  them  ;  Init  not  as 
cniiniis;  I'roin  them,  li:'caiise  they  disdained  to  piircliasc  peace  of  that  nation. 
Tlie  Narriigansets  readily  conceding  to  the  wislies  of  tho  English,  all  |mrtiu8 
rtiired  satisfied. 

Distrust  soon  gnw  again  into  antipathy  ;  it  having  Iteen  reported  that  Slone 
and  those  with  him  wer.'  treacherously  siirpris'd  Ity  the  I'eiiuots  who  had 
(Iiiiie  on  hoard  his  vessel  in  a  friendly  manner  to  trade;  and  seeing  Captain 
Stone  asleep  in  his  ealtin,  they  killed  him,  and  the  other  men  one  aller  the  other, 
cxnpt  Captain  JVorton.  who,  it  seems,  was  with  him  ;  he  iiciiig  a  resolute  man, 
ilt'ti-iiiled  liiiiis;'lf  for  some  time  in  the  cook-room,  lint  at  length,  soui«<  powder, 
wliicli  for  till"  more  n^ady  ns"  he  had  |»laced  in  an  open  vessel,  took  fire  and 
(■\|)ld(l('d,  hy  which  he  was  so  seriously  injured,  i  specially  in  his  eyes,  that  lie 
coiilil  iiold  out  no  longer,  and  he  vvius  forthwith  despatched  by  them. 

Tills  inalter  at  length  having  liecome  lived  in  the  minds  of  the  Knglish 
nci'diding  to  the  latter  ndatioii,  they  were  the  more  ready  to  charge  other 
I'i  iiiiistaiices  of  a  like  nature  upon  the  I'eijnots.  On  the  '^0  July,  Ki-it!,  as 
M  Mil  Ollliam  was  on  his  jiassage  passing  ni'ar  iManisses,  that  is,  Hlock 
isl.ih  ',  ill  a  small  pinnace,  M  Narraganset  Indiiuis  attacked  and  killed  him,  and 
made  Ills  crew  prisoners",  which  consisted  only  of  two  hoys  and  two  Narraganset 
Indian^  The  same  day,  as  John  iiitUop  was  on  his  passige  from  Connecticut, 
in  a  liaik  of  20  tons,  an  advei'se  wind  drovt'  him  near  the  wuiie  island.  On 
seeing  a  vessel  in  possession  of  Indi  ins,  he  bore  down  upon  her,  and  iin- 
m('diat<  ly  kiinw  her  to  be  Captain  OZ/AamV  lie  hailed  those  on  lK)ard,  but 
riTcived  no  answer,  and  soon  saw  u  boat  pass  from  tlic^  vessel  to  the  shore 
full  of  IIII'II  and  goods.  As  (Hallip  ni'ared  the  suspicious  vessil,  she  slifipetl 
her  fusteiiiug,  aud  tho  winil  being  oil'  the  land  drilled  her  towurda  Nurragan'* 


m 


hh 


m 


^fri^fii^iltJifli 


-•'V^ 


104 


SEA-FIGHT.— JOHN  GALLOP. 


[Book  II. 


sot.  Notwitlist.iiuruig  some  of  thf  Indians  wcro  arrrKul  witli  stuns  niid  swords 
(i(tJ[lof),  !ii  injr  ill  ii  stonier  vessel,  resolved  on  rnnninj?  lli(!in  down  ;  Ik'  tliciv. 
fore  I'Kide  .MJI  sail,  and  iinniediately  stennned  the  pirate  vessel  on  tlie  (|iiari(.f 
with  sneii  tiiree  as  nearly  to  ovei-Si't  lier,  and  in  tlieir  Iviijlit  six  Indians  jiiiii|i,.,| 
over'ooard  and  w  re  di'owned.  Tim  rest  standin;j  upon  the  lieli'nsive,  jiinl 
lieinfT  \'  lin'snperior  in  nnnd)ers  to  (^(tlloji's  crew,  which  consisted  ol'twoliiti, 
boys  and  one  man,  to  hoard  them  wa.s  fli(>ni,'ht  too  lia/aidons;  OV»//o/;  thenliin 
Htood  ofl'  lo  repeat  his  hroadsidt;  method  ol'  attack.  iMeanwhile  he  conirivcil 
to  lash  his  anchor  to  his  hows  in  snch  a  manner,  that  when  he  came  <|ii\vii 
tjpon  the  Indians  a  sec(  iid  tiiir'~,  the  f()rc((  wj's  snllicient  lo  drive  the  tlukruf 
the  anchor  throufrh  tlieir  (|iiaiter ;  which,  lioldinj;  there,  hotli  vessels  floati,! 
alonfi  tojj;etiier.  'I'lie  Indians  had  now  heconie  so  terrilied,  that  they  stood  nm 
to  the  ti<.dit,  hilt  ke|)t  in  the  hold  of  the  pinnace.  Gdllup  fired  in  upon  tlicn, 
sundry  times,  hut  «ilhont  much  cxeciition,  and  meantime  the  vessi-ls  jroi  Idd^, 
from  one  another,  and  ilnllop  .stood  otfa^ain  f()r  a  third  attack.  As  soon  as  In. 
was  clear  of  them,  fitiir  more  of  the  Indians  jumped  overhoard,  and  wenalsi, 
drowned.  (Stillop  now  ventured  to  hoard  his  |iri/.e.  One  of  the  reinaiiiinr 
Indian.''  came  up  an,!  surrendered,  and  was  hound  ;  another  came  ii|i  anl 
euhmitted,  w  lioin  the}'  also  lioiiiid,  hut  (''arin^^  lo  hav<-  holli  on  hoard,  ihjs  hsi 
was  cast  into  the  sea.  Two  out  of  tii(^  II  now  remained,  who  had  ffot  possis. 
sioii  of  the  hold  of  the  pinnace,  and  there  successfully  def  nded  the;iisflus 
with  their  swords  af,';iin.st  their  enemy.  Captain  OHIrt,::  wa.s  found  deai!  in 
the  vessel,  concealed  under  an  old  s 'ine,  and  as  his  body  was  not  entirely  colil, 
it  was  evidi  Mt  tliat  In;  hud  lietin  killed  uhout  the  time  his  piniiar-o  wius  discov- 
ered hy  (i  I  til  op. 

I'loiii  the  condition  in  wliich  Ollharti's  body  was  found,  it  was  (jiiite  iinnr. 
tniii  whether  lie  had  fiiih  n  in  an  affray,  or  been  murilered  deliberately  ;  limit 
is  very  probable  that  the  former  was  the  liict,  because  it  was  iincomiiMJii  li.r 
tlie  Iiidi.ins  to  disfijfiir'  the  slain,  unless  killed  as  enemies,  and  0////i«m's  limiv 
wa.s  shockiii^dy  mangled.  lint  Captain  Ollhmn  had  iieen  killed  by  the  lii(iiai:<, 
and  the  cry  of  ven^eaiic(t  was  up,  and  cool  investigation  must  not  he  loiiki,! 
for.  The  miird*  r  had  lieen  conimilted  by  the  Indians  of  iVIanisse.s,  hut  >la. 
nissi's  was  under  the  Narra<;atisets  ;  therefore!  it  \ .as  lK;liev(;d  that  the  Nain- 
gnusi'ts  had  contrived  bis  death  because  he  was  carrying  into  cHect  the  ariidu 
of  the  late  treaty  between  the  l*<'(|nots  and  Kii<rlisli. 

The  two  b(>\s  who  w<'re  with  Mr.  OUIinni  were  not  injured,  anil  wm 
Immediately  fjiven  up  and  siiit  to  Moston,  when!  they  arrived  the  ."{Otli  dl'iln 
same  nioutli.  As  .soon  as  Minntivinonwh  li(;ard  of  tin;  aflifuMd' Captain  01  Hum. 
he  ordered  ^Vinifcrd  to  .send  l(>r  tin;  boys  and  goods  to  Block  Island.  T'n 
boys  he  caused  to  be  <leliver.'d  to  Mr.  If'illlftms,  and  the  goods  he  held  .sulijiri 
to  the  onler  of  the  l''nglish  of  Mas,saclins  tts. 

Meanwhile,  2()  July,  the  two  Indians  who  were  in  Mr.  Ol  (ham's  pinnaci' 
v.'lien  she  was  taken,  were  s'nt  hy  Cnnnnirus  to  (jroverncr  I  ane.  Tlnv 
brought  a  letter  from  Hnfrrr  ff'ilUnms,  which  gavi;  an  accoiinl  <)f  the  wiidlr 
affair,  and  soo;e  circumstances  li'd  tht^  l''nglish  to  believe  these  mess  ii!.'iri 
wci'e  ac<"essory  to  the  death  of  Ollhnm  ;  but  we  know  not  if  any  thing  tiiiilm 
were  ever  doni'  about  it.  The  siune  letter  informed  the  governor  tliat  Mm- 
tunuomoli  bad  gone,  with  i2C0  men  in  17  canoe.s,  "to  take  revenge,  &(■." 

These  events  and  tiaiis;ictions  soon  caused  tlii'  convening  of  the  governor 
and  council  of  Massachns 'tts,  who  I'orlhwith  declared  war  againsi  the  liniiiiii' 
of  Manissrs.  .\cc()rdiiigly  !•()  men  were  raised  and  put  under  t  le  coiiiiiiiiinl 
of  Captain  Ji)hn  Enhroft,  who  was  general  of  the  exjiedition.  Jo,  n  I'nkiii 
anil  J\i^iilhnniri  Tiirivr  were  captains,  and  Jruj/ioii  and  Davnpnrl  eiisi;'!!*. 
EnhvjWs  instnictii  lis  were  to  put  to  death  tin' men  (m'  IJlock  Island,  Iml  in 
make  captives  of  tlie  .vonien  and  children,  riiis  armament  set  l()ilii  in  tiirri 
|tinii;ices,  with  two  Indians  as  giiidi  s,  '25  September,  l(i.'{(!. 

On  arriving  at  Maiiissi's  they  saw  many  Indians,  but  could  not  get  mar 
tliem.  At  Peipiot  hari)or,  a  |)art  of  the  armament  seized  a  i|uaiitiiy  of  mrn 
belonging  to  the  Pripiots,  :tiid  were  attacked  and  obliged  to  fly.  However,  llie 
Narragaiis  'ts  ri'porled  that  there  wi  re  |:{  IV  <|iiots  killed  during  the  exp.'iii'iini 
Th(!  Iliiglisli  were  s;'lisfied  that  they  had  harbored  the  mnrdeiers  of  Ollhmn, 
Wliieli  eccasion-d  the  i  sailinif  to  I*e(|uot  harbor.  It  being  now  late  in  llie 
Bcutiun,  tliu  t.vpcditiun  was  given  up  lo  be  ruBuinud  curly  in  the  Hpring. 


The  I*e(|ll0tl 
pver  they  ilan 
S;i\  hi'ook  wen 
Wip'  attacked, 
uliirli  circiims 
l\Mi  men  were 
8i\(irtlie  whiti 
lint  two,  Thii 
JMiwsliot  of  Sa; 
otiiers. 

Oil  the '2!  Oc 

C'lllir  ti>  I'oston 

a!"  lit  W  nil  n. 

•    (it"s(il(ii(i's  met  1 

iiitii  a  treaty  wil 

sliiiiild  make  pe 

|iiit  to  (li'titli  or  ( 

.Mxiiit  tlie  sa 

niiist  liarharoiis 

liai'k,  he  landed  i 

(liwl,  I'll-  report 

|iris(iiier  tit  first, 

111-;  liaiiils  were  < 

liiiii  the  re|)iitat 

flicis  were  report 

Tilli^i       <  at  till 

Oi'it  •    -IVvh 

f(ii'l,iiiiil  were  dm 

(.sc(i|)i  (I  with  gre 

On  April  I'i,  si 

the  Niiiie  time  kil 

ihiiMi  was  noi 

!);i\iiiL'  sent  a  me 

.Tiit  a\\.iy  their  ' 

sf'iii  tip  Narr.'igim.' 

el'  liiiliiig  upon  tl 

In  tlie  mean  t 

niiscd  Iiy  Coiiiie 

[iiiiiii'd  hy    I'nrns 

Siylu'onk,   ir»  i\Ii 

I  iiiir  taken  alive 

IJiL'lisli  caused  h 

iiiid  >rt  nil  on  the 

hill liately  al 

liii'ls  III"  Snssants. 
Imvii  (if"  (irotoii,  ( 
"I  .'^lay  ;  and  on  t 
■•mil  lirgiiii  ji  fiiridi 
I'.ir  nil  apjiroacli 
'liMv  til  attack  it. 
:^ilii;it('(l,  Captain  . 
ii:''il>iiiga  hall,  sen 
"liii  was  ;i  fiigi(i\i 
li'llim-  hiiii  at  aii\ 

l^li-lisli    llicy  diiiv 
<*llll|l|    (inrji,;        J/„ 

IIVh//(i-,7)'.v  .fdiiri 
lii'l'mi  j,'lvi'ii  in  |||<-  I 
t  The  siiiiic,  it  i-  Ik 
IM'lh-  )  «:,■.  I,,  jiiri 
ri'H'ncil.  Ii(.  upiii  (>,,|| 
M>antuniwmv!t."—.ti.  I 


1; 


[Book  II, 

ns  niid  swdnln, 
iwii  ;  lie  tliirc. 
on  till'  (Hiariir 
iiidiuMs  iiiiii|iid 
(Icri'iisivc,  aiiii 
;t('(l  oi'twolitii;. 
liitUop  tlii'iTtiin: 
ilc  he  (•(iiilriviil 
ill!  caiiic  (Idwii 
VI'  till-  tliiki'iif 
1  vi'sscls  iloatcl 

t  llicy  SldDll  IKi) 

in  upon  tlnn, 

.M'SSI'ls  {TDt  1(1(14,' 

As  SI II til  lis  III- 
I,  and  wrrcalsii 
f  till'  rr.iiiaiiiiiir 
r  i-aiiir  up  ainl 
I  I  Mian  I,  1 1  lis  l;i>t 
had  fj;ot  ikissc*. 
iiii'd  tlir.iisi'lvcs 
<  fiiiinil  ilrad  ill 
lot  ontiri'K  idM, 
mcu  was  disoov- 

kvas  qniti'  iincir- 
liht-rati'ly  ;  liiitii 
i.  uiii'oiiniioii  li>r 
il  Olillinm^K  lidiiv 
d  liy  the  liwiiaiis 
ist  not  III'  liKikdl 
anisacs,  Imt  M;i- 
I  that  thi'  Nam- 
etlect  the  aiticlts 


PKQtJOT  DEPllEDATIONH. 


105 


nri'd,  and  win 

till'  :Ultli  iit'ilii 

'aptaiii  Ollhim. 

k  Island.    T'l. 

It!  ht'ld  sulijcc; 

lhnm\i  piniiapi' 
I  nne.     'I'luy 
mt  .if  till'  wliiJp 
irsi'   inrss^'in.'iT' 
my  tliinjr  I'lnilicr 
i-iior  liiat  .Willi- 
njri',  &!•." 
of  till'  irovrrimr 
iiist  till'  1 11(111111* 
Y  t.ic  roniiiiaiiil 
Jn: n  I'nhM 
ivnpnrt   riisi^'iK 
k  Island,  Initio 
set  forth  i"  ''i''''*' 

lid  not  iictncm 
ipiaiitity  111'  i'"ni 

llo\VI'VlT,tilO 
ir  till'  I'Xp.'lii'i"!!. 
, TITS  of  OI//l"l1. 

now  latr.  in  tl'« 
11!  spring. 


CHAP.  VI.] 

Tilt'  Prijiiots,  iM'iiisr  now  left  to  tliciiisi'lvrs,  coiiinicnrid  ili']iirdations  wlicr- 
.,•  tiii'V  dari'il  appear.  .Mioiit  the  l>ri;imiin<;  ol' ( )rtohi'r,  as  fivr  Mii'ii  from 
w-ivlintok  wrri'  (•olli'rtin;r  hay  at  a  iiii'aditw  foiir  iiiili's  ahovr  that  |ilaci',  tlii'y 
'  ■  "it  altai-ki'd,  niiii  I'ln'  o!"  thiiii,  iiaiiii'd  Biiltrificlif,  was  takrii  and  killi'd  ;  froni 
w'liicli  riri'iiinstaiirr  tin'  im-ailow  still  Itiars  his  naiiic.  .\hoiit  11  days  alh'r, 
null  \M  ri'  takrii  in  a  ntrnliild  two  niilrs  iVoin  iSayhrook  lort.  Thrrc  wrre 
Bjv  111' till"  whiti's,  ami  tiny  wrri'  sinToimdi'ii  liy 'JorUOO  Indians,  yrt  all  rscapcil 
but  two.  'I'hii-  iiiih'ldi'iii'd  Ity  sni'i'i'.ss,  tliry  rarrird  tlii'ir  iKprrdatiitiis  wiihin 
li(i\v^li(it  III"  f^i'vl"""'^  ""'f> '^'"'"n  *"'•'  •'•»w  and  shootint,'  arrows  into  .sundry 

( III  tlii-'^l  ih'to\»'r,  Miftntiinnomoh,  I'rariii},'  forthc  snli-ty  of  his  Eiitflish  fririida, 
caiiii'  III  I'oiston,  aiTonilKinii'd  hy  two  of  ('(iiioniriia^i  sons,  anothrr  sarhnii,  and 
(limit  W  Mil  n.  h'lihlinmdkhi  had  j,'i\rn  notii-r  of  his  roiniii!.',  and  a  conipany 
dl'sdldii  IS  nut  him  at  |{o.\hiiry  and  csrortrd  him  into  the  town,  llrrt'  hi'  rnti  ml 
iiiiit  11  treaty  with  the  Kii;;lisli,  Ity  wliirli  it  was  miiiiially  ajiivi'd  that  ni'ilhi'r 
.;|iiimI(I  inakr  prai-r  with  tin'  l'ri|iints  willioiit  thi'  ronsi'iit  of  tlir  otlirr  ;  and  to 
nut  til  (hath  or  deliver  up  niiirdcrrr.s. 

\liniit  till'  samr  'iiiii',  John  TUkij  was  takiii  and  killi'd,  and  tortiiri-d  in  ii 
iiidst  liarlianiiis  im.-dMT.  As  he  was  .sailinsr  down  Connrrtiriil  Uivir  in  Wm 
balk,  III'  laiidi'd  aliont  tlirro  mili's  aliovi;  Saylirook  fort,  and  haviiiir  shot  at  soiiuj 
tiiwl  I'll'  ri  port  of  his  jr'in  diriTti'd  tln!  Indians  to  tlir  spot,  'i'liry  took  him 
piisdiH'r  at  lii>I,  and  thru  cut  off  his  hands  and  ii-i't.  llr  livrd  tlirrr  days  after 
liis  hands  wen'  I'lif  odj  and  hori'  this  tortnri'  witliont  i-omplaint,  wliirh  frainrd 
liiiii  till'  ri'pntation  of  hi'iiij,'  "a  stout  man"  amoiiir  his  tormnitors.  Tlnsij 
fjicts  wi'iT  ri'iiDili'd  hytlit'  Indians  themsclvi's.  .\noilii'r  man  who  was  with 
7V//ii/       ^  "t  till'  .sami'  time  killi'd. 

On  I  'I  I'l'liriiary,  liiciitrnaiit  (Snnlner  and  nini'  mm  went  out  of  Sayltrook 
|iiil,an(l  were  drawn  intoan  amhiisli,  wlitrc  foiirof  thi'iii  were  killed,  and  the  re.st 
tsia|H  (I  with  jrreat  ditheidty. 

(»ii  April  l'2,  six  nun  and  three  woineii  wore  killed  at  Weathersfield.  They  at 
llii'  Miiiii'  time  kilhi!  '20  rows  and  a  horse,  and  e;irrieil  away  two  yoimjj  womiii. 

Manii  was  now  ;,ri'ni'ral  tlirou,i;liout  the  Mn^lish  plantations.  .M'tnnlunnomiih 
Ii.uiiiLT  sent  a  nie.sseiiiri'r  to  j{  .ston  to  notily  the  r'n-flisli  that  the  I'eiinois  had 
^iiit!iu.'i\  their  women  and  ehildren  to  an  island,  40  men  were  immediately 
pint  1(1  .\arrai,'aiiset  to  join  otliei"s  raised  hy  Mianlunnomoh,  with  the  intention 
of  tJilliiifr  ii|iitii  tlieni  hy  surprise. 

In  the  mean  time,  Captain  Mason,  witii  a  eoinpaiiy  of  JtO  iiicn,  iiad  heen 
misrd  liy  ('iiniiec'tieiit  and  sent  into  the  I'eipiot  I'ountry.  lie  was  aeeoni- 
|iaiii((l  Ity  Unnts  and  a  laifre  iiody  nf  his  warriors,  wiio,  in  tiieir  niareli  to 
Siiyhniok,  l.")  May,  fell  upon  ahoiit  .'{0  I'l'ipiots  and  killed  7  of  them.  One 
I  iiii:  taken  alive,  to  tluir  everlasting  disfrraee  it  will  he  rememhered,  that  the 
I'.ii^'lisli  caused  him  to  he  tortured  ;  lUid  the  iieads  of  all  the  slain  wrre  cut  off, 
uiiil  sit  iin  on  the  walls  of  the  fort.* 

hiiiiM'diately  alhr  Captains  JMiison  and  Undcrhill  set  out  to  attack  one  of  the 
tiiiis  df  Sdssiints.  This  fort  was  sitiiuted  upon  an  eminence  in  the  pre  sent 
idVM  of  (Jioton,  Conneclicut.  Tire  Eiif,'lish  arrived  in  its  vicinity  (tii  the  2.'")lh 
(if  May  ;  and  on  the  '2(itli,  before  day,  with  ahotit  500  Indians,  cnconijtassed  it, 
ami  bi'L'in  a  furious  attack.  The  .\lolie}rans  and  Narrafiansels  discovered  jjreal 
liar  nil  ap|iriiacliiii<'-  the  fort,  luid  could  not  believe  that  the  English  would 
(laic  til  alt;iik  il.  When  they  came  to  tlie  foot  of  the  hill  on  which  it  was 
sitiiali'd,  Capiain  JMdson  was  apprehensive  of  being  abandoned  by  them,  and, 
making  a  hall,  sent  liir  r'/nv/,'-,  who  led  the  Mohegans,  and  /r('i/»i».s'/i,  tin  ir  pilot, 
ulid  was  a  fiigilive  I'ecpiot  cliieljf  and  urged  them  not  to  desert  him,  but  to 
t'dlliiw  him  at  any  disli.nce  iliey  pleased,  'fhese  Indians  had  all  along  told  the 
Kiii'lisli  they  dared  not  fight  the  IV'ipiots,  but  boasted  how  tlirif  themselves 
wiMilil  light.     Mason  told  them  now  they  Hhouhl  see  whether  Englislinieti 

'  lfVH//d-.';v,v  Jdurii.il.  iiiiil  ^f::.■^(lll's  Ili,-.!.  l'c<|n<)l  War. — Dr.  3fallter's  urruuiit  oflliis  alVair 
lli■^ll<'l'll  (;ivn>  ill  llic  li(i'  of  Ciii'iis. 

t  I'll!'  saiiic.  il  i- liclii'vi'd,  I'UcwIicrc  rnllcil  W'ikjikisIi  Cnnk  ;  •' wliitli  ^Vcqiiash  (says  Dr. 
l.Milh-  )  w;i-.  f.i  liirlli  :i  sacliciii  iil'llial  |)l.i('i  [alien'  S'i:-iiiiru.s  livi'dj,  bill  ii|idii  Miinc  ili(«iji|st 
rcfcivcil.  Ii(>  Kvciii  I'riiin  llic  l'e(|iidls  to  llie  iNarriifjaiisels.  and  bt'Ciuiio  a  iliiuf"  caplaia  UJ.Mfcr 
Mkiiluimunwh.  '—U  iulioii,  7I-. 


» 


'''•■^mmmSi 

mmm 

^H'^'Hii 


lOG 


DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  PEQUOTS. 


[Book  I] 


ir 


i'V 


III 


would  fight  or  not.  Notwitlistaiidiiiji  tlicir  Itoastiiips,  tlioy  could  not  nvcrpoini 
tht!  terror  wliicli  tlio  iiaiiui  of  Sassarufi  liad  iiis|»in'd  in  tliciii,  and  tlicy  kept  at 
a  Haf<!  distance  niitil  tlu;  fij^lit  wan  over;  lint  assisted  eonsideraidy  inn  prllii,, 
tlie  attacks  of  tlie  l'e(|uots,  in  the  retreat  from  the  fort ; — for  tiieir  warridis,  oji 
rocoveiin}(  from  their  consternation,  collected  in  a  considcrahle  hodv,  aini 
fou^dit  the  confederates  for  many  nnles. 

The  liiiirlish  had  hnt  77  men,  which  wore  divided  into  two  ronippiiics,  oup 
led  by  .Mason,  and  the  other  hy  UuderhiU.  The  Indians  were  all  witliin  ilnjr 
fo't,  a.sle<'|)  ill  their  wigwams,  and  the  barking  of  a  dog  was  the  first  injiji,, 
they  had  of  the  ap|»roacli  of  the  enemy,  yet  very  few  knew  the  cause  of  i|,h 
alarm,  until  met  by  the;  naked  swords  of  the;  foe.  The  fort  had  two  eiiinnK,,. 
nt  opposite  points,  into  which  each  party  of  I'.ngiish  were  led,  sword  in  ||;i||,| 
^Jianux!  Jf'anii.r!"*  was  the  crv  of  .Vrts.wci/,?'s  men  ;  and  such  wiis  ilni, 
surprise,  that  tiiey  made  very  feebli-  resistance.  Having  o\\\y  llicir  „\^ 
missile  weapons,  they  could  do  nothing  at  hand  to  hand  with  the  i;ii;.'li«|| 
rapiers.  Tlmy  were  piii'siied  from  wigwam  to  wigwam,  and  slaiigiitfiriliii 
every  secret  place.  Women  and  children  were  cut  to  pieces,  while  eiidcaMir. 
ing  to  hide  themselves  in  and  under  ihcir  beds.  At  lenglli  fire  was  sit  in  iii. 
mats  that  covered  the  wigwams,  which  furiously  sprea(l  over  the  wlmlc  tlfl. 
and  the  dead  and  (lying  were  together  consumecl.  A  part  of  tlie  I-nglisli  liml 
formed  a  circumference  upon  tii*;  outside,  and  shot  such  as  attempted  in  tlv. 
Many  ascended  the  pickets  to  escape  tli(^  flames,  but  were  shot  down  liy  tlnw 
stationed  for  that  purpose.  About  (!00  persons  wen^  supposed  to  have  |ii  ri-li- 
ed  in  this  tight;  or,  pi-rhajis  F  should  say,  massacre. f  There  wen;  liiit  i\ii, 
English  killed,  and  but  one  of  those  by  tlit;  enemy,  mid  about  20  W(iiiiii|i,{. 
StviSdrus  himself  was  in  another  tint;  and,  being  informed  of  the  raviifjis  nf 
the  Kiiglisii,  destroyed  his  habitations,  and,  w  itii  about  80  others,  fled  in  ||„ 
Mohawks,  who  ireacheroiisiy  beheaded  him,  and  sent  his  scalp  to  the  I'.w^I'h. 

The  author  of  the  following  lines  in  "Yumoyden,"  alludes  to  this  nidiin- 
choly  event  happily,  though  not  truly  : — 


"  And  Sas.inriiiis .  now  no  more. 
Lord  of  a  llioiisniid  l)o\vnicn,  tied  ; 
And  all  tlie  cliicfs,  liis  Ixinst  lii'fore, 
Were  min-flcd  willi  tlic  unhoiiorcd  dead. 
ijaiinn|>  and  iSa^uinorc  wcro  slain, 


Oi;  Myslir's  l>anks,  in  one  red  niijlil; 
Tin-  once  far-dreaded  kin;jf  in  vain 
Wonylil  safi'l V  in  iiii^lorions  llif^lit ; 
Anil  rel\  of  nil  his  r('f;al  pride, 
l\\  the  lierre  Ma(|na's  hand  he  died.' 


One  of  the  most  unfeeling  passages  flows  from  the  pen  of  Hubbard,  in  liis 
account  of  this  war ;  which,  together  with  the  fact  lie  records,  fori ns  a  nio>t 
distressing  picture  of  depravity.  We  would  gladly  turn  from  it,  but  justice 
to  the  Indians  demands  it,  and  we  give  it  in  his  own  words: — 

The  Narragansets  had  Hiirrounded  "some  hundreds"  of  the  Pe(|iiots, iind 
kept  them  uinil  some  of  Captain  Stoufrhton\H  soldiei*s  "made  an  easy  cmi- 
quest  of  them."  "The  men  among  them  to  the  number  of  .'W,  were  pirscnilv 
turned  into  Charon^s  ferry-boat,  under  the  command  of  Skipper  Gallop,  wh 
dispatcla'd  them  a  little  without  the  harbor!" 

Thus  were  .'{0  Indians  taken  into  a  vessel,  carried  out  to  sea,  murdered,  ami, 
in  the  tigonies  of  death,  thrown  overboard,  to  be  buried  under  tlic  siimi 
waves!  Whereabouts  they  were  captured,  or  "without"  what  " harbor" tliiv 
perished,  we  are  not  informed;  but,  from  the  nature  of  the  circumstiiiuisii 
would  seem  that  tiiey  were  taken  on  the  borders  of  the  Narragunset  coiinln, 
juid  murdered  at  the  month  of  some  of  the  a<ljacent  harbors. 

That  thestr  poor  wretches  were  thus  revengefully  sjieriticed,  should  liavr 
been  enough  t(j  allay  the  hatred  in  the  human  breast  of  all  who  knew  il, 
especially  the /ii'.?/on'rt/i .'  Ihit  he  must  imagine  that,  in  their  passage  to  tliiir 
grave,  they  did  not  go  in  a  vessel  of  human  contrivance,  but  in  a  boat  hclonir- 
ing  to  a  river  of  hell !  thereby  forestalling  bis  reader's  mind  that  tiiey  liad 
been  sent  to  that  abode. 

*  Allin's  Ilislorv  of  the  recjnol  War.  Il  sifjnilied,  Kni^lislimpii!  Knn;/i.iliiiirii .'  In  .Vii.wn'i 
istory,  il  is  written  Owaiiiix      A/lfii   nvrely  coided   from  Miisoii,  wiili  a  few  such  varialimi- 

f  "  h  was  si)|i|)osed,"  says  Mittlwv.  "  thai  no  less  than  .''HKlor  iKKI  l'e<|iiol  sonis  were  hrdiiflil 
own  lo  hi-ll  lliat  day."  tldatwn,'Vl.  VVu  in  tliiirity  snppose,  that  hy  hell  the  doctor  oulj 
leant  death. 


do' 
mean 


[Book  II 

not  ovcrroini 
1(1  tlicy  kept  at 
»ly  ill  Vi  priliiij 
ir  wiirriors,  oil 
ible  body,  and 

•nmpnuics,  dm. 
ill  witlilii  \y^f 
the  Itrst  iiiniiv 

IC     CilUSC  of  tliH 

I  two  niinnni., 
swoni  ill  liiiiiii, 
Micli  WHS  ilinr 
[)iily  tlicir  (iwii 
til  'the  i;ii;;li>li 

Hliuijrliti'ivil  III 
vliiif  «'iMi('ii\(ir. 
•  wiis  si't  ill  iii„ 
tlif  wliolc  tiirt, 
lie  l''.iif;lisli  liiiil 
ittompli'd  tilth, 

down  liy  lliuv; 
to  have  p'li^li. 

■('  WtTi!  llllt  l«ii 

lut  yo  wdiiiiiici, 

tlio  ravaftis  ni 
icrs,  tied  til  til, 
» to  tli«'  Kiifrlbii, 
I  to  this  ineluii- 

nc  red  ni;;lil; 
iiiir  ill  vain 
Ills  Ili>;lit ; 
prido, 
iiiid  III'  dieil." 

Huhhnrd,  in  his 

|ls,  (onus  a  inost 

11  it,  but  jiislioe 

lie   Pcqiiots,  1111(1 

|(!  an  t'nsy  m\- 

wt-rc  prcsi'iitlj 

)cr  Gallop,  wliu 

iminlcrcd,  iiml, 

IikU'I"   tlif  siliiii 

"linrl)or"tluy 

HiTiiiiistaiinsii 

igaiiwt  coiiiiliy, 


>(l,  jilKtiiid  liiivr 

||  who  knew  il, 

i)assafr('  t(i  ilii'ir 

\\  a  boat  lii'ldin'- 

that  tlicy  iiiiil 


mini' 11.'  hi.W'is"N'i 
]■«•  siicli  viiri;i!i'iii- 
Isoiils  were  hr(Ui|;iil 
I'll  du!  doclotoulv 


LETTER  OF  CAPTAIN  STOUGIITON. 


107 


ClIAP  VI.] 

Notwithstanding  the  great  slaughter  at  Misti''k,  there  were  great  numbers 

f  p.'ipiots  in  liie  coiuitry,  who  were  limited  from  swamp  to  swamp,  and  their 

niiiiilieis  thinned  contimially,  until  a  remnant  promised  to  ajijiear  no  more  us 

The  Eni:lish,  muler  Captain  Stovirhton,  came  into  i'eipiot  IJiver  about  a 
foitiiiiriit  alter  the  .Alistick  tight,  and  assisted  in  the  work  ot"  their  extennina- 
tinii.  "A'I'''  ''i'*  '"■'i^''''  '"  *'"'  '''i<'"iy'f<  eoniitry,  lie  wrote  to  the  governor  of 
Ajiissiiidiii.setts,  as  tbilows :  "  I5y  this  pinnace,  you  shall  reeeive  |H  or  50 
women  and  ehildreii,  nnle.ss  there  stay  any  lier<'  to  be  helpful,  &e.  Coneerii- 
iii"  wliic  h,  there  is  one,  i  formerly  mentioned,  that  is  the  liiinst  and  largest 
tliiit  I  .xaw  amongst  them,  to  whom  1  have  given  a  eoate  to  (doatlie  her.  It  is 
iiiv  desire  to  have  her  tor  a  .servant,  if  it  may  stand  with  your  good  liking,  idse 
iidt.  There  is  a  little  srpuiw  that  steward  Cnlacitt  desireth,  to  whom  he  hath 
irivi'ii  a  <  oale.  iAinit.  Davenport  also  desireth  one,  to  wit,  a  small  one,  that 
Frnlli  three  strokes  npoii  her  stomaeh,  thus:  —  '|  -j-.  n<>  desireth  her,  if  it 
Mill  stand  with  your  good  liking.  Sosomon,  the  Indian,  desireth  a  young  little 
siiiMiw,  whieli  I  know  not. 

"At  present,  Mr.  Hmpus,  Mr.  Ludlo,  Ca|)tain  Mason,  and  .'W  men  are  with 
IIS  ill  I'eipiot  River,  and  we  shall  the  ne\t  week  joine  in  .seeing  what  wi-  can 
(Id  iiiriiiiisl  Sassarus,  and  another  great  sagamore,  Afonowattuik,  [Mononoh').] 
Here  is  vet  good  work  to  be  done,  and  how  dear  it  will  cost  is  niikiu  .\n. 
Simdfus' i>^  resolved  to  sell  his  life,  and  so  the  otjier  with  their  i'ompany,  ua 
(Iciir  as  they  eiui."  * 

Perhaps  it  will  b.T  judged  that  Stoughton  was  looking  more  afb-r  the  profit 
arising  (rom  the  sale  of  ca|)tives,  than  fitr  warriors  to  fight  with.  Indeed, 
M(ison\'i  aecoiint  does  not  give  him  mneli  eredit. 

Speaking  of  the  English  cmitloyed  in  this  expedition,  ff'okoU  thus  im- 
mortalizes them : — 

"  These  wore  iIh^  men,  this  was  the  lillle  hand, 
That  iliirsi  llie  force  of  ihc  new  world  witlisiaiul. 
These  wore  llie  men  thai  liy  llieir  swords  made  way 
i''or  peace  and  safely  in  America." 

V\CANT  Hours,  41-. 

There  was  a  manifest  disposition  on  the  part  of  Unca.i,  CniionimSf 
.Wontinniomoli  and  JVinis^rct,  and  perhaps  other  chiefs,  to  .s<'reen  the  poor, 
dciiiiiineed,  and  flying  Peijiiot.s,  who  had  escapi-d  tin;  flames  and  swords 
of  tlie  Knglish  in  their  war  with  them.  Part  of  a  corres|»ondeiiee  about 
tins'  siichems'  harboring  them,  between  R.  H'illiamif  and  the  governor  of 
Mii.^^sfirliiisetts,  is  preserved  in  the  Colleelions  of  {\n\  iMas.sielinsetts  ilistorieai 
Seriitv ;  from  which  it  appears,  that  IMassaclmsetts  had  reipiesied  IMr. 
lUlliiims  to  explain  to  the  clii(  Is  the  eon.se(pi(  lures  to  lie  depended  upon,  if 
tlicy  did  not  strictly  observe  their  •'grecinient  in  regard  to  the  fugitive  l'e(|iiots. 
Oliish^  carried  to  Mr.  fyilliniiia  a  letter  fidiii  the  !\lassachiiselts  governor  upon 
this  siiliject.  After  he  had  obeyed  its  contents,  as  fiir  as  he  was  able,  he 
niiswi  red.  *'tat  he  went  with  Otash  "to  the  Naiihiggonticks,  and  having  got 
('(iiioiinlrus  and  JMIantunnomn,  with  their  coimcil,  together,  I  acrpiaiiiled  theiri 
tiiiilit'iilly  \vi:li  tlii^  contents  ol' your  letter,  iVj/Zi  griet'rtHa'.*  and  thndtrniniss ; 
mill  to  deiiionstrate,  1  produced  the  cojiy  of  the  league,  (which  .Mr.  [Sir 
llinni]  I'ani'  sent  me,)  and,  with  breaking  of  a  straw  in  two  or  three  places,  I 
showed  them  what  they  had  done." 

Tii'se  (  hiets  gave  JNlr.  ffUliams  to  luulerstand,  that,  when  Mv.  (Governor 
iiiiih  i-stood  what  they  had  to  say,  he  would  be  satisfied  with  their  conduct; 
lli.'il  they  did  not  wisli  io  m»ke  trouble,  but  they  ^^rould  relate  many  particulars 
U'Inrnii  thr  hlni^clisb  hal  broken  their  promises"  since  the  war. 

Ill  regard  to  some  sipiaws  that  had  escaped  from  the  F.nglisli,  Cnnonirus 
fail!  lie  iiad  not  .seen  any,  but  heard  of  some,  and  iimiiediatidy  ordered  them  to 
III' curried  back  again,  and  had  not  since  heard  of  them,  but  would  now  have 
tiic  cdiintry  searched  for  them,  to  satisfy  the  governor. 

MianliinnoniDh  s,iid  he  had  never  heard  ol'liiit  six,  nor  saw  but  four  of  them  ; 


'•  Maiiii>'.  ripl  Idler  of  (?npuiin  Slmi/rliloii,  on  lilc  nuiong  our  stale  papers. 
t  Yvtaasii,  Mr.  VVilUams  writes  liis  name. 


m 


i 


ii'S 


m'^.'' 


\W' 


'il 


■■«■.?-■ 


Mm 


m 


V  -:■  'if  't 


v^^:'". 


:J:^^ 


,i\    .aw 


108 


OP  THR   CEQUO  r  NATION. 


floOK  II. 


f4 

m 

II 

m 

wliicli  Ihinp  hrniiglit  to  liitii,  he  was  nnjrry,  .iiitl  askrd  tlios.^  wlio  Iircij^ria  tW 
wliy  tiii'\  dill  not  cnirv  tlicii!  to  ■>].:  "  •','>'i  •;) ..  that  ii(!  mifflit  cuiiv  \'  iliiin  j 
the  iMiirJisli.  They  told  him  thr  :<»|ii:n\rf  wtfH  luiiT',  ant!  coiiKJ  '";i  go ;  u|K)|| 
wliich  Mlfinlininomoh  sent  to  Mr.  H'iUlnn>.:  to  coin ;  uinl  take  thiiiii.  Mr.  /iV/. 
lidiiiH  niiilil  nitt  attciul  to  it,  nmi  in  his  t""r\  '■rih^n'l  ,Miniilunnomnlnit,\ii^, 
who  said  he  was  hiisy  and  coidd  not  :  'aw  n;d'«<-.!  h  was  (says  ff'illiinm)  Jn , 
stninirc  kind  ot' sdjcinnily,  win  , tin  the  sa(  hjnis  "at  ni«rhirif,' hut  at  ni;,'lii,  i,.|,j 
all  the  natives  lonnd  ahout  tht;  country  wen;  feasted."  In  the  mean  tiaic  t||f. 
.s(|naws  escaped. 

.Midiiliinnomoh  said  hv  was  sorry  that  the  n;ovPrnor  ^yiould  think  In;  wnntpd 
these  s(inaws,  <(>:•  he  did  not.  Mr.  Hilliams  told  him  Ik^  knew  of  liis  si-ikIji,,, 
for  one.  Ol"  this  charfje  la;  tairly  cleared  himself,  sa  iuff,  the;  one  sent  l(ii»,|" 
not  for  himselt;  liut  for  Sitssfvtwn,*  who  was  l\  iiig  lame  at  his  iionsc ;  ilim 
Sa.isdmuii  fell  in  tliere  in  his  way  to  t'ecpit,  whither  he  had  heen  s<'iit  Itv  i!,, 
jfovernor.  The  s(|uaw  lie  wanted  was  n  sjudiem's  daufrhter,  who  had  Inrnj 
particular  friend  of  Minntunnnnmh  duriii};  liis  iif.  liii..; ;  therefore,  in  kiiiilins. 
lo  his  dead  friend,  he  wished  to  ransom  her. 

Moreover,  M'mntunnomoh  said,  he  and  his  people  were  true  "to  th.-  \\\v:\i.\^ 
ill  Id'e  .ir  death,"  and  hut  for  which.  In*  said,  Oknse  [Unkus'\  and  his  Ahilii^r;,. 
nencks  had  loii^-  since  proviid  false,  as  la;  still  fi'ared  they  would.  I'm-,  I,,. 
wiid,  they  had  never  foinid  a  IV^cjuct,  and  added,  ^^  Chawik  fjuse  wchinpiiii. 
murks. >"  that  is,  "Did  (iver  friends  deal  so  with  iHeiids?"  Mr.  /f(7/m,M 
re(|iiirin!r  more  particidar  e.vjiiaiiation,  Mianluinioinoh  proi-eeded  : — 

"  .My  hrolher,  Yolaitsli,  had  sri/cd  upon  Puttaiiiip/)inw<k,  (^lutmr,  mikI  ij 
Petpiots,  and  ()'(»  scpiaws  ;  they  killed  three  and  hiamd  the  rest,  u  hem  il,,, 
watched  all  night.  T'.i'ii  they  >^eiit  for  tht;  I'liglish,  and  delivered  tlun,  jj, 
tlie  morniiiir  to  them.  I  ruine  hy  land,  a-  rordiiifr  to  promise,  with  "iOO  uku 
killin<r  10  l'e(|uots  !»y  the  way.  I  ilesired  to  see  tin;  j^reat  sachem  Pultnqnpjnt. 
»(Hc^,  whom  my  hrother  had  taken,  who  was  now  in  the  h',ni;lish  lionsis, In;; 
the  I'liiglish  thrust  at  lue  with  a  pike  niuiiy  ti;nes,  that  1  durst  not  coiui'  ncr 
the  door.'' 

.Mr.  Il'illidms  told  him  they  did  not  know  him,  else  they  would  iidtilm; 
Miaiiliiimoinoli  answered,  "All  my  company  were  disheartened,  and  lliiviiii, 
utid  (^uishtmoquine,  desired  to  he  ifoni  ."  besides,  he  said,  "two  of  my  iiicii, 
If'ns'onrku'lnitf  and  .Mitunrimoh  [,M>i!><t<!)oli]  w<;re  their  f,niides  to  S('S(|ii,ui|,ji, 
from  the  river's  moulli."  I'pon  winc'i,  .Mr,  If'ilUnni.i  adds  to  the  frn\iriii;r: 
"Sir,  1  dare  not  stir  coals,  but  I  saw  them  Wio  nnich  disrcfrarded  hy  ni!iii\." 

Mr.  ff'illi(tiii/i  told  the  sachems  "tluy  r^'c,  i\((l  I'eipits  and  wamponi  wiiliuiii 
IVIr.  (lovernor's  consent.  Cauiwunini.t  replie(i,  that  alllioujjh  he  and  MwvImi- 
nomii  had  paid  many  hundred  fathom  ef  wampum  to  their  soldiers,  jis  Mr. 
(io\!'rnor  di(!,  \  I't  lie  had  not  rcci  ived  one  yard  ot' heads  noi- a  l'e(|Mt.  .NUr, 
saith  Mini  '.  'in,  did  I,  lait  one  small  pr(  sent  tiom  four  women  et'  l.iiij 
Island,  wl  ;.  T  v  ere  no  l*'(pits,  hnt  of  tliut  isle,  heiiig  afraid,  desired  in  \m 
t;iema:|ves     •  ;i, ,  my  protection." 

The  I'eqiiot  war  has  <;enerally  heen  looked  upon  with  regret,  hy  all  >;<iii,| 
men,  since.  To  e.\terminat(>  a  people  Ix  fiire  they  had  any  op|)ortiiiiiiy  ii 
l)ecom(^  eniisriiteiied,  that  is,  to  he 'uade  acipiainted  with  tin;  reason  of  ml,' r 
usages  towards  tlaiir  fellow  heings  than  tliosr  in  which  they  had  heen  \\rinvS'A 
up,  is  a  great  cause  of  lamentation;  and  if  it  proves  any  thing,  it  pr(>V(,>  ilmi 
great  ignorance  and  haiharism  liirki  d  in  the  hearts  of  their  e.Meriiiiiiiitois. 
VVe  do  not  mean  to  exclude  liy  this  remark  the  great  body  ol"  thi'  pn'>(iii 
inhabitants  of  the  earth  from  the  (diarge  of  such  barh.irism. 

In  the  r(,'cords  of  the  I'nitiid  (.'olonies  for  the  year  l(i47,  it  is  nientioiud  tiiat 
"Mr.  ./o/(»  H'iiithrop  making  claim  to  a  great  ipianliiy  of  land  at  .Viaiitir  In 
purchase  from  the  Indians,  gave  in  to  the  commissioners  a  pijlition  in  ilmv 
words: — '\Vliere,"s  I  had  the  land  of  Nianiick  by  a  (\rvi\  of  gill  and  piiiiliasc 
from  the  sachem  [Sassacus]  before  the  [l*r(pioi]  wars,  I  d»;sire  tiie  coiii'iib- 
sioinjrs  will  he  plea.sed  to  conlirni  it  unto  ini-,  and  (dear  it  Ironi  any  cluiiii  of 


*  Prol>al>ly  the  sniiic  mcnlioiied  aftcrward.s. 
mon,  or  !ii;i  brotlier  Hniihiiiil. 

\  I'Ofliups  VVjJi!Tumu.cat,  or  Wah  ■^nitaad. 


He  niij^lit  have  Ijccn  ilie  famous  John  Sass:- 


Eiiglij^h  and  Ii 
writing  fi-oni  .J 
Frouudush,  IVi 
tlieir  kiiowled 
"'  BJiclicm  of  Nifii 
rc.siilved  to  giv 
lived  tlieii  at  i 
(krhired  iheni! 
qurisset.s,  and  v 
to  liiin  the  sai< 
he  would  send 
liiai  lie  had  rec 
Tliis  was  not  sj 
htard  Ihem  say 
considcnihle  ap 
Or.  Divight  tl 

"  UlK 

As  I 

DoSi 

Wii 

Ant 

Inilii 
Tl 

To. 
Ai 

And, 
Acct 
You/ 
J?vl\ 

Had 

Anntlior,  alreai 

MoNO.NOTTO.      / 

fell  into  the  hand 
lion  that  two  En 
Connecticut  Riv 
liuniiuiity,  the  lit 
\v!is  in  spopial  rei 
Monoiioilo  Hed  v 
more  ''liiefs.  He 
tlicin  woiiiidrd,  a 
is  tliiiH  inentiouR 
cy,  &c. 


On  the  .')  .\nfriii 
.jonnial  .-—".'Mr.  i 
Coiinecticiit,  and 
Sa.i'tcv.s  and  his  h 
Mohawks  for  sli(> 
ljy  tiioin  surprised 
tiikoii,  hilt  escaped 
nliicli  had  heen  si 
so  that  now  there 
The  fii-st  trouh 
among  the  peoph; 
to  flow.    Soinn  E 
tnnrder  of  a  Peep 
Iiuiiaii.s  of  IJIock  : 
Ji  in,  and  tliey  nej 
JO 


[Book  II, 

oiiv  y  iiii'ia  iu 

ii!m.  Mr.  /ii|. 
inomoh  lo  dn  ii 
H'illidim)  ill ;. 
tit  at  iii^lil,  1111,1 
iiii'tm  time  till 

liink  lie  wantnl 

/  of  llis  H'lldiiiii 

inc  si'ut  tor  wii, 
his  Ikiiisc  ;  iliat 
OfM  wilt  by  ill.: 
vlio  liiid  liii'iia 
'ore,  ill  kiiidiit". 

"to  tliO  Kll!.'|l.l| 
111(1  ilis  Mnlilsi. 
svoiild.  Fur.  h" 
fjiisc  tL'clnmpiilh 
Mr.  (♦i7/wiM 
i!,l  :— 

(^iKimr,  iiMil  'i; 
rest,  wIkiim  tlnv 
•iivcrcd  llii'iii  ii, 
',  witli  *2(10  iiiiii. 
iciii  Puttwpijijm- 
illisli  liimsis,  liii; 

t    not    CDllli'  l|i;i: 

woulil  not:  liir, 
10(1,  iind  tli('\  alL 
two  ot'  my  mill, 
I'S  to  S('S(iii;iii!,ii, 
to  tilc  fi(i\rnii;r; 

|,-d  liy  iiiiiiiy.'' 
.vaiiipoiii  wiiliiiiit 
lie  and  M'wulin- 
soldiers,  .'is  Mr. 
.r  a  Pciiiit.    \»i 

WOllKll  <»t'  l.'H? 

||,  dcsiri'd  to  jiui 


Lvct,  liy  'ill  sriioil 
opixirtiiniiy  \<\ 
reason  of  oil,ir 
lad  l)e<'ii  liroimit 
iir  it  nnivrrj  lliat 
fir  cxtenniiiiitnis. 
ly  of  the  \m'<m\ 

Is  iiieiitioiii'il  iliil 
]i(l  at  NiMiiiii'liy 
l|»otitiiin  ill  til"-' 
[ilt  and  ;)iiivli;w 
tire  tiie  coiij!iiiv 
[)in  any  claim  of 

lamous  John  Sass^'- 


MONOxNOTTO. 


109 


Chap.  VM 

En  'lij^li  niHl  Indians,  according  to  tlio  o(niity  of  thn  casp,:  '     JVinilirop  lind  no 

writiiifi 
f\-omatu 

gilrlicm  of  N'i'iii'ic  did  call  liiciu  and  nil  liis  men  togctlic 

Ivcd  to  "ivi^  liif*  .'oiintry  to  the  gov(jriioi''»  son  of  the  i\lassarliiis*.'tts,  wiio 

Ir 


writiii"  I'rom  Snssacits,  and  full  ten  years  lied  clnpse  I  -inn-  t!i(3  trunwicti' ■),  hut 
fYomatii.ili,  fVambenjnaskc,  i\m\  Anluppo  u  ;ti*icd  sonit"  tiim;  after,  tint  "ujtori 
I  .ir  kiiovvi'Mlgc  \m  i.»re  tlie  wars  wero  Jigain.st  '.ho   l*c(|H(w.,  S(i,y.iaius  their 


and  told  that  ho  was 


rved  then  at  Pattaiiiiassat  alias  Connecticut  Hivor's  iiioiitli,  and  a!!  his  men 
I  .(-laii'd  tlieiiiselvos  willing  therewith.  Thoroiipon  ho  went  to  him  to  I'atta- 
nuissi'ts,  anil  vvlien  ho  caiiKs  back  he  told  them  lie  had  graiued  all  his  country 
tl)  liiin  tiio  said  governor's  son,  and  said  lie  was  his  good  friend,  and  he  hoped 
lio  would  send  sonui  l']nglisli  diither  some  time  hereafter.  Moreover,  he  told 
liiiii  lie  lin<l  received  coats  from  him  for  it,  wliirli  they  saw  him  hring  homo." 
Tiiis  was  not  said  by  those  Indians  themselves,  but  several  English  snid  they 
heard  them  say  so.  The  commissioners,  however,  set  aside  his  claim  with 
consulcnihle  ajipcarance  of  independence. 
Or.  Dmght  thus  closes  his  poem  upon  the  destruction  of  the  Pequots : — 

"  Uiulaiinled,  on  lliei.  foes  they  fierrely  flow  ; 
As  IkTce  the  dusky  warriors  crowd  tlie  fipht ; 
l)i.<|)iiir  inspires  ;  to  combat's  lace  they  k'hc  j 
With  {'roans  and  siiouts,  they  rnu;c,  uiiknowinaf  lif^ht, 
Ami  close  their  sullen  c^-es,  in  sliatios  of  endless  night. 

Indiilijo.  my  native  land,  indulge  the  tear 

Tiiat  steals,  impassioned,  o'er  a  nation's  doom. 
To  nil',  each  twig  from  Adam's  stock  is  near, 

And  sorrows  fall  upon  an  bidian's  tomb." 

And,  O  ye  chiefs  !  in  jonder  starry  hon>e. 

Accept  the  hiimblo  tribute  of  this  rhyme. 

Your  gallant  deeds,  in  Greece,  or  haughty  Rome, 

J?v  Maro  suiiir,  or  Homer's  har|)  siil)lime, 

Had  charmed  the  world's  wide  round,  and  triumphed  over  time." 

Another,  already  mentioned,  and  the  next  in  eon.soquence  to  Sassacus,  was 
MoNONOTTo.  Hubbard  calls  hitn  a  "noted  Indian,"  wliosc;  wife  and  children 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  English,  and  as  "  it  was  known  to  be  by  her  media- 
tion that  two  English  maids  (that  were  taken  away  i'rom  Weatherslield,  upon 
Connecticut  River)  were  saved  from  death,  in  requittal  of  whoso  jiity  and 
linnianity,  the  life  of  herself  and  children  was  not  only  granted  her,  but  she 
was  ill  s|)crial  rocommend(!d  to  the  care  of  (Jov.  IVinthrop,  of  Massachusetts  " 
Motmiuttto  fted  with  Sossactis  to  the  Mohawks,  for  protection,  with  sovoHv 
inoic  I'liiefs.  He  was  not  killed  by  them,  as  Sassnciis  was,  but  escaped  froiu 
tliciii  woiindrd,  and  probably  died  by  the  hands  of  his  English  enemies.  }<i; 
is  thus  inentioii'id  by  Governor  IVolcott,  in  his  poem  upon  fVinthrop^s  ag  i 


cy,  &c. 


••  r.-inre  Mononotto  sees  his  squadrons  fly, 
And  on  our  genera!  having  fixed  his  eye, 
Rage  and  revenge  his  spirits  quickening, 
He  set  a  mortal  arrow  in  the  string." 


On  the  .T  .\iigiist,  1G37,  Governor  JVinthrop  makes  the  following  entry  in  hia 
journal : — "Mr.  Ludlow,  Mr.  Pincheon^  and  about  12  more,  came  by  land  from 
Connecticut,  and  brought  with  them  a  part  of  the  skin  and  lock  of  hair  of 
Sasncvs  and  his  brother  and  .1  other  Peqnod  sachems,  who  being  fled  to  the 
Mohawks  for  siielrer,  with  their  wampom  (biding  to  the  value  of  £500)  wcjre 
by  tlioin  surprised  and  sliiin,  with  20  of  their  best  men.  Mononottoh  was  also 
taken,  hilt  escaped  wounded.  They  brought  news  also  of  divoi"s  other  Peqiiods 
wliicli  had  been  slain  by  other  Indians,  and  their  heads  brought  to  the  English  ; 
so  that  now  there  had  been  slain  and  taken  between  8  and  IK)0." 

The  fii-st  troubles  with  the  Pi^qiiots  have  already  been  noticed.  It  was 
among  the  people  of  ^fononotto,  that  the  English  caused  the  blood  of  a  Pequot 
to  flow.  Some  English  had  been  killed,  but  there  is  no  more  to  (^.vciiso  the 
iMiirder  of  a  Pequot  than  an  Englishman.  The  l^'nglish  had  injured  the 
Indians  of  Hlock  Island  all  in  their  power,  which,  it  sooms,  did  not  satisfy 
Jiin,  and  they  next  undertuoJi  to  make  spoil  upon  them  m  tlieir  own  country 
10 


,j-:-'i-j  :■!>.■ 


'^:^"^i^m 


m 


.1?' 


^^■;-n 


' '   vi^  J 

^:h^M    -  '^ 

''  :M 

'  '-'^OffV^ 

Vs.,    'WmyK'^filHM 

'.I'l  '  ^iMi^Hii 

'<         villi!  v^^HH 

■t  YJiKSii^B^V;:^^ 

Is'^tralfflK.id^ 

K ''  '*^'^  MH^^ffl 

w  ^''*'  'JHliWB 

w  "  ^'t^IBS 

m, '    ^'  ylt^lH 

lf«%^   ,^- 


no 


MONONOTTO.— CASSASSINNAMON. 


[Rook  I] 


CUAP.  VII] 


u\ii)H  Ojiinrrticiit  River.  "As  tlicy  wcro  siiiliiiij  up  tlio  rivor,  sriys  Dp./ 
Mullitr,  many  ot'tlic  l't'(|ii(its  on  hotli  s'kIi'h  ol'llic  river  called  lo  lliem.  ili  .ji-,  |j 
to  know  what  was  their  end  in  eoniinij;  thither."  ■  'J'hey  ansNven  d,  ilmt  ti,,, 
desired  t(t  speak  with  Sassmiis  ;  in  ing  told  that  .''  sxiinis  had  jrone  to  l.i.n'. 
Island,  they  then  demanded  that  MimoiuiUo  should  appi  ar,  .'Jid  tiny  iireicnij,,,^ 
lie  win  Irom  home  also.  However,  they  went  on  sliori'  and  <leniii!iilci|  ii,,! 
rnni'derers  ot'  (.'a|>taiii  SUnu;  imd  were  tofil  that  il'they  woidd  wjiit  lley  vmiii|j 
Kend  tiir  them,  and  that  .Mitiioiwtlo  woidd  eona;  innni'diately.  tint  nci'v  \\'\^v'\ 
the  I'efpiols,  in  the  mean  lime,  "transported  tln.'ir  p)ods,  wonaii  and  cliilili', 
to  another  |ilaee."  f  One  of  them  then  told  thi^  Jjiifrlish  that  .Mtntoiinll.,  u,ii||,| 
not  e(.me.  Then  tint  l'Ji;r|ish  hepui  to  do  what  inisehiet' they  eonid  to  ilnn, 
und  a  tkirmisli  lollowed,  wherein  onu  Indian  was  kiiltMl,  aiul  an  Kn^ilii^liiiiai, 
was  WiMMided."! 

The  name  of  .l/o)io/io/<o's  wife  appears  to  have  been  WiveuMmiNK.  Sli> 
^*lloldd  not  [»'  overlooked  in  speakinj^  ot'JMononotto,  as  site  was  instrnnicMialit 
savin;.'  the  lill- of  an  lin^rlishmaii,  as  disinterestedly  as  Poc«/io7i/«s  savid  ij.^ 
of  Captain  .S'/;ii7/i.  Some  English  had  gone  to  trade  with  the  I'eipiots,  iiiulii 
reeovir  some  horses  which  they  had  stolen,  or  picked  np  on  their  lands.  T,vfi 
of  the  I'.nglish  \M'nt  on  shore,  ini<l  one  went  into  the  sachem  s  wigwiiin  ;ii„| 
demanded  the  horses.  The  Indians  Avitiiin  slyly  absented  themselves.  ,iii! 
ft  imumhone,  knowing  their  ititention,  told  him  to  fly,  for  the  Indians  \\,j,. 
making  preparations  to  kill  him.  He  barely  escaped  to  the  boat,  being  tiillmv. 
ed  by  a  crowd  to  the  shore. 

Cassassi.n.namo.v  was  a  noted  Peqiiot  chief,  of  whcin  Ave  have  some  iicpoim; 
us  ei.rly  as  Kl.l'J.  In  that  year  a  difficulty  arose  about  the  limits  of  Hoiitijirton, 
sine(>  called  Stokiington,  in  Connecticnt,  and  s(  veral  Knglish  were  sent  tdsciil' 
thi'  dillieiilty,  which  was  concerning  the  location  of  VVekapaiige.  "Fun,, 
In  Ip  lis  (they  say)  to  understand  where  Wekapange  is,  wc  desired  sonip  I'.i. 
(|ii;;tiieke  Indians  to  go  with  us."  Cassas-tinnamon  was  one  who  ussi.-tnl. 
Tliey  told  the  English  that  "  Cashmmssd  (the  governor  of  Wekopangi)  ilij 
charge  them  that  they  should  not  go  any  further  than  the  east  side  of  a  liiile 
swamp,  near  the  east  end  of  th(!  first  great  pond,  where  they  did  pitch  down  a 
stake,  and  told  us  [the  English]  that  Casliawasset  said  that  that  very  plarcw.ij 
VVekapauge  ;  said  that  he  saicl  it  and  not  them  ;  and  if  they  should  siy  tlwi 
VV«'ka|)aiige  ilid  go  any  further,  Cashnwassd  would  be  angry."  Cashnm.wl 
jifter  tills  had  contirmed  to  him  and  those  under  liiin,  8000  acres  of  land  inii,. 
i'e(|not  coimtry,  with  tla;  provision  tliut  they  continued  subjects  of  Massm Im. 
setts,  and  should  "  not  s(;ll  or  tdienate  M>e  said  liuids,  or  any  part  therool",  to  iinv 
English  luaii  or  men,  w'thout  the  court's  ap|)robation." 

'I'he  neck  of  laiul  callt^l  (^uinicuiitduscc  was  claimed  by  both  jiartics ;  Im; 
Cassassinnamon  saiti  that  when  a  wiiale  was  some  time  before  ctist  ibhic 
there,  no  one  disputed  Cashawas.'!el\<i  claim  to  it,  which,  it  is  believed,  sriilitl 
the  (piestiou  :  Cashawassd  was  known  geuerallv  by  the  name  of  Jlnrmi] 
Ctiiren.§ 

We  next  meet  ^vith  Ccissnssinnamon  in  Philip's  war,  in  which  he  cnniniaiil- 
ed  a  company  of  Pe(piots,  and  accompanied  Captain  Denison  in  his  siicc'.^ilil 
career,  and  was  present  at  the  eai)tur<!  of  Cnnonchet.  || 

In  November,  1051,  Cassassinnamon  and  eight  others  executed  a  sort  otan 
agreement  "with  tht;  townsmen  of  Peipiot,"  allerward  called  ,\)w  Lowh. 
What  kind  of  agreement  it  was  w(!  an;  not  told.  His  name  was  snlisciiliid 
Can(:s>imamon.  Among  the  other  names  we  see  Oblxtchirkwnod,  JS^cesnitinim 
alias  Daniel,  Cukhdmaquia  and  Mahmawamham.  Cassassinnamon,  it  is  said, 
signed   "in  his  own  behalf  and  the  Ix-half  of  the  rest  of  Nameeag  Iniliaiis,"'^ 

•  Rolalion.  U.  \  Ibid. 

{  ll)id.    Ciiplaiii  Lion  f t iirdttur,  who  liad  aomc  men  in  this  affair,  gives  qiile  a  diffcreol 


aecounl.     See  lile  of  Kulshcmnqnin,  aliaa  Kulshamakin 
6  Bevnral  manuarripl  documciiU. 
TF  1  Coll.  Mass.  UUl.  Soe.  x.  101. 


U  Hubbard, 


Of  the   Praii'mir 
~  till  111— I'lihor.i  (I 
— ('iicii.><  /;/«/'> 
rniirt  iiil.>sioiii 

'|"l  Ktl'KWU.I.IN 
— .MllllllJsOO ' 


It  iiMist  he  e\ 

|M'ii|ili'  Ki  ahand< 

riiisoiiiiiir  powei 

j»i  ()|il.'  inii.<t  he  ( 

liv  (ili\ii)iis  cau.^i 

COM  r  a  cause,  tii 

mice.    And   iM)t\ 

tliciiisilves,  aial  ^ 

|iriiccc(liiig  li'om 

one,  iiiid  which, 

^\nlt\  (lithe  mean 

'i'lic-ic  lia-ts  iiavi 

cause  tlicni  to  In 

time,  llay  would 

ai'tnt  Id  perlitrm 

reason,  or  the  Ii 

otliiT  Hords,  sn| 

cxtrcine,  to  whieli 

S'H,  what  (inee  a|i 

niid  tlicrelin-c  it  i 

disclnsL'd  of  a  likt 

ll  so  liap|)ens, 

1    lids  (if  Indians, 

tliiiii  the  one  alrei 

liiiii^'s  t(i  he  reinej 

\vli(i-e  (iliserved  in 

friiiii  tlieir  aged  m 

lii'iic'c,  that  the  sto 

tlii'V  liad  h(!ard  fiT 

liavc  iKi  possible  n 

liirc  nil  ()M(^  will  \\, 

'ii'lii'\ers  among  tli 

till'  |i()WW(iws,  con 

oliicc  is  healing  V 

ciianns  and  iininti 

fi'hcs,  also,  the  im 

t'lijiiy  ;i1h'r  death  ; 

a  place  ol'perpetiia 

cvciT  tiling  tliai,  tl 

aiiv  iitiier  religion 

sliiw  in  gaining  ere 

Considerations  o 

to  wonder,  as  m;;n_\ 

mint  of  .New  Kngh; 

Tiie  great  dilii(^ulty 

lii'cii  slow  in  the(!X 

of  time  must  have 

oliicc  with  any  degi 

oilier,  and  hea'iinir  i 


peculiar  cilBtoni  01' 
tliey  would  answei- 


IROOK  1] 

•r,  s'lys  Dr.  /, 
llioiii,  (Icsir,  i,j 
•nd,  llmi  tin 

plllC    111    |.„||'; 

;liiy  prcic:!,,,.,! 
(Ii'iiiiimlcil  III,, 
■Jiil  llicy  wmili 
III  \('ry  wiM'!,, 

II  iind  rliildi'. 
'onoii(ili)  \M]|i|,i 

cnultl  til  liiciii, 

III  Kiiiilisluimii 

:UMHO.\K.  Slit 
iiistrniiiciiiiilin 

ll/«S    SilVCll  l!n; 

l*f()iiiiis,  aiiilii 
•ir  Itiiids.  '!','(, 
•s  wijrwdiii  iiii,i 

licilisclvcs,  lllil 
V.  Indimis  wire 
It,  liciiig  t'lillim. 


^c  some  nrcniiK 

ts  of  Bnuilii'rtHn, 

(M'l!  sc'iit  to  si'i;li> 

muge.    "  Tiir  ti 

isiriul  some  I'.i- 

iO  who  ussknl. 

kVeknjMuigr)  ilij 

St  side  of  a  link 

id  ])itcli  down  a 

t  veiy  Jtiarc  wij 

should  say  that 

,"     Ca.ihdwib'M 

'cs  of  land  iiiil,. 

ts  of  ^las-iii'lm- 

t  thereol",  tiiany 

pth  jiartics;  Ic 

li()re  cast  iislne 

behoved,  sitilrtl 

me  of  llm-imn 

hi  he  cnnimaml- 
|iii  his  siicci'sst'ul 

iitod  a  son  of  an 
]d  J^'ew  Lmhn, 
was  siilisi'i'iln^ 
|/,  A'ccfoiuccfiriiH 
\unon,  it  is  saiil, 
•asi  liidiuiis.'"^ 


les  qiilc  a  ilifTcreiil 
id. 


ClIAP.  VII] 


PRAYING  INDIANS.  HI 


ClIAPTKR   VII. 

nf  the  Praiiins  nr  Chrislinn  Indians  in   A'ric  England — Difficiill  to  Christianize 

■'  I      /,,/i()r'<  ('/' J"'"'  l''li"t — W\rii\N  lln' Jlist  Cliriitlidii  iKii^aiiirrr  —  liidlun  litirs 

I'licas  nioliytf  iiiniiii.it  tlir  iitlrmpt   to  roiirir/  lii.s  ino/ilr — .Xiiiiifri't    nj'ii.fis  to 

Til)  ire  mi.-i'''on(iriis — The  Indian   liilih — Pi  AMiioriiiti; — Spkk.n — I'inn  \ii  anmt — 

'l"rK\l'KWIM'"< — Oo.NAMOC — AlIATAWANCK VV  Al  T  A.-S  ACO.M  I'ON  I'M iilACOOMKS 

_Ml,lllliSUO — OCCUM — TlTLBA. 

1  r  iiiiist  he  exceechiifily  ditlieiilt,  us  nil  experience  has  sliown,  to  cause  any 
iicoiil.'  to  ahaiidoii  a  lielief  or  faitli  in  a  iiialter,  unless  it  lie  one  on  uliicli  the 
•i;is(iiiiiiir  iiowers  ol'  the  mind  can  hr  hroii-iiit  to  act.  'The  most  i;j:iioi'ai!t 
Moiil''  iiii'st  he  eoiiviiieed,  that  many  etfeets  wliicli  they  witiii  ss  are  produced 
IV  iili\i"iis  causes;  hut  there  are  so  many  others  for  which  they  cannot  dis- 
cmi  r  a  cause,  that  they  hesitate  not  to  deny  any  nutural  viww  for  them  at 
(iiicc.  And  notwithstiwidini,'  tliiir,  from  day  to  day,  causes  an;  developing 
tliiiiisilves,  and  sliowinjr  them,  that  many  results  whieii  they  had  viewed  tis 
iiriM-ccdiii<.'  li'oni  a  super  iiiilnral  cansi;  hitherto,  was  nothiii;^^  hut  a  natural 
one,  Mild  which,  when  diseovt^red,  appciu-ed  pertt'Ctly  simple,  too,  yet,  t<>r  the 
want  el'tlie  means  of  invtistiifation,  they  would  he  looked  upon  as  mira"iiloiis. 
'J'licsc  liicis  have  heeii  more  than  enough,  iimoiifr  the  scienlitlc  world,  to 
(Miise  them  to  look  upon  the  most  Ititent  causes,  with  ti  hope  that,  in  due 
tiiiif,  tlii'V  would  iini<)ld  the'iiiselves  also;  and,  finally,  leave,  iiothiii^f  I'or  any 
uirciit  to  perform  hnt  nature  itself.  When  the  Indian,  therefore,  is  driven  hy 
reason,  or  the  IJLdit  of  science,  ii'oni  his  stroiiir-hold  of  i^'norance,  or,  in 
other  words,  superstition,  he  is  extremely  lialili;  to  liill  into  tin;  opposite 
cMieiiie, to  which  alhiiion  has  just  heen  made,  hecausi;  lit;  will  imhesitatinjjrly 
ha\,  what  once  appeared  ptist  all  discovery  has  heen  shown  to  he  most  plain, 
mid  tlierelia'e  it  is  not  only  jiossihle,  hnt  even  prohahle,  that  otht;rs  will  ho 
disclosed  of  a  like  character. 

It  so  happi'iis,  that  in  att«!mptinjr  to  snhstitntc  one  taitli  for  another,  in  the 
I  lids  of  Indians,  that  the  one  proposed  admits  of  no  hettiM' demonstriition 
tli.ai  the  one  already  possessed  hy  them;  lor  their  manner  of  transmi'ting 
liiiii^js  to  he  rememhered,  is  the  most  impressive  tuid  sacred,  as  will  he  e!se- 
wlnie  oliserved  in  oiir  work.  That  any  thing  tlilse  should  Ik;  handed  down 
fniiii  their  ajred  matrons  and  sires,  coiihl  not  be  lor  a  inonient  Ixdieved  ;  and 
lii'iic'c,  tlijit  the  stories  of  a  stran're  jieople  should  be  credited,  instead  of  what 
they  had  heard  from  day  to  day  Ij-om  their  youth  uj),  from  those  who  could 
have  no  possible  motive  to  deceive  them,  coiiid  not  be  expected;  and  there- 
fore no  one  will  vmmkUu'  for  a  inonient  that  the  gospel  has  met  with  so  few 
ijclievers  among  the  Indians.  All  this,  aside;  from  their  dealers  in  mysteries, 
the  |iowwows,  conjurers  or  |)riests,  as  they  are  variously  denominated,  whose 
oiiiic  is  lieiiling  the  sick,  appeasing  the  wrath  of  tin;  invisible  spirits  hy 
clianiis  and  imintelligihle  mnnimery.  These  characters  took  u])oii  tliem- 
tilves,  also,  the  imi»ortaiit  atliiir  of  determining  the  lia|)piness  each  was  to 
enjoy  :ilter  (h'iith  ;  assuring  the  brave  and  the  virtuous  that  tin  y  should  go  to 
It  jilai'i'  ol'per|ietiial  spring,  where  game  in  the  greatest  ])lenty  abounded,  and 
{•very  thing  thai;  the  most  pertect  lia])])iness  recpiired.  \ow,  as  a  belief  in 
any  other  religion  jiromised  no  more,  is  it  strange  that  a  ii  w  one  should  be 
glow  in  g'dning  credence? 

Considerations  of  this  nature  inevitably  press  in  upon  us,  and  cause  us  not 
to  wonder,  as  many  Inive  done,  that,  for  the  first  thirty  years  tdter  the  eettle- 
iiiciit  of  i\ew  i'lngland,  so  little  was  eflected  by  the  gospel  among  the  Indiiins. 
The  Lireat  dillieiilty  of  coiu.\iimiciiting  with  tlitjm  hy  interpreters  must  have 
been  slow  in  tlie extreme;  and  it  must  be  eon»idere<l,alao, that  a  great  length 
of  time  must  have  lieeu  consumed  belbre  any  of  tluiso  cuiild  perjhrm  tlieir 
oltii'c  with  any  degree  of  accunicy  ;  th«  Indian  langnayo  beiny  unlike  every 
other,  and  bearing  no  tmalogy  to  any  known  tonyiie  whatever  j  and  then,  the 
peciiliai-  ciiBtom  of  the  Indians  must  be  conaidered;  Uieir  luug  deltiys  helbre 
tliey  Would  auBWei-  io  any  propoaitioii ;  but  more  than  all,  we  have  to  coa- 


m 
m 


..am 


W"  ;[■•••  '■■' 


'Mm 


tn^ 


,  <  -  j"^ 


r.:' 


im 


PRAYING   INDIANS— NESrr.AN. 


[!'w,K  II. 


m- 


sidor  tim  nntiirni  dictnist  tlint  must  iiccfHsnrily  nriHc  in  tl:<'  jii'ik!?!  (ifrvrrv 
|MM)pl(',  at  llin  siitldcii  iiidii.x  "I"  stnm;r<'rs  hiiidii;:  tln'iii.  \\  lini  imy  i.{v 
tlnoiy  wiiH  prcwiitcd  to  tlicir  iiiinds,  flit!  first  i|msti<m.'<  that  woidd  |piis(iit 
tlii'ii!:<t'lv»'H,  would  most  im(|u<'Hlioiial»ly  he,  W'lial  arc  the  irnl  molivrs  oti;,^ 
now  pt'opic? — Do  tlicy  really  luvc  lis,  an  tlicy  pntciid.' — l>o  tlicy /(v///:/ 1„  ,. 
one  another?  or  do  tliey  imt  live,  many  t»t'  tlieiii,  upon  one  aimtlier !-— Isim 
this  new  stiile  of  thiiij.'H,  whieii  they  desire,  to  enable  them  to  sllilHi^|  ij\  ,. 
and  in  time  to  enslave  lis,  or  deprive  lis  of  our  possessions? — Doo  ii  i,,,, 
iippi^ar  that  Ihesi!  Ktriuijrers  are  full  of  selliHiiiiess,  tjid,  therefore,  Imvctvir, 
motive  whii'h  that  passirm  j;i\es  rise  to  for  deceivinjr  lis? — lleiiee,  we  r<'|ii,i 
that  it  can  hardly  he  ihoiiifht  strange  that  ('hristi;iiiiiy  has  made  m)  >|,,v, 
pi'o^;n!Ss  among  the  Indians. 

IS'otwithstandiiif,'  one  of  the  osteiisihle  ohjects  of  nearly  all  ihe  royiil  chir. 
ters  and  |niteiits  isKiied  for  British  North  America  \\as  the  ( 'liristiaiii/iii;r,; 
the  Indians,  few  roiild  Ik;  found  ecjiial  to  the  ta.-^k  on  arriviii;.'  here;  wli,.. 
\v;  >its  of  every  kind  reipiired  nearly  all  their  laliors,  few  could  he  fnn,,] 
willing  to  lorego  mery  comtiirl  to  engage  in  a  work  which  prcscnti  i!  >„ 
many  difficulties.  Adventurers  were  those,  generally,  who  eminralcd  \\;ii;;| 
view  to  hitt(!riiig  their  own  condition,  instead  of  that  of  others. 

At  lengtii  IVIr.  John  t^liot,  seeing  that  litth(  or  nothing  conlil  lie  cIllitMi 
through  the  medium  of  }iis  own  language,  resoKr-d  to  niak(;  himself  iii;i.;,r 
ol"  the  Indian,  and  then  to  devote  himself  to  their  service.  Acconliiij;|\  |,, 
':ii"d  *  an  oldf  Indian,  imiuvd  Job  .Vesutnn,  [  to  live  in  his  (amily,  and  toii  (|, 
liiii;  his  language.  When  he  had  accomjilished  this  arduous  task,  ulijili],,, 
did  ill  "u  few  moiiths,"§  he  set  out  iijion  his  tirst  attempt;  luiviii!;  i-ivtn 
notice  to  some  Indians  at  JVon(nUuni,\\  since;  Newton,^!  of  his  intentioi..  Witli 
three  others  lie  iiuit  the  Indians  for  tlie  tirst  time,  i2H  Octoher,  Iti-I)!.  U'wi.. 
boil,**  whose  name  signified  ji'iW,+t  "'i  vvise  and  grave  man,  thoii^'li  im 
Sachem,  with  five  or  six  Indians  met  them  at  some  distance  fiom  tlieir  \u<r. 
w.'ims,  and  hidding  them  welcome,  conducted  them  into  a  large  fipiirtn.iin 
where  a  great  iiiimher  of  the  natives  were  gathered  togetlur,  to  hear  tliisn  w 
doctrine."  \\.  After  jirayers,  and  an  ex|>laiiation  of  the  ten  conimandiiifiits,  Mr, 
Eliot  informed  tliem  "of  the  dreadful  curse  of  (iod  that  would  fall  ii|ioiiall 
lliose  that  brake  them:  lie  then  told  them  who  Jesu.i  Christ  was,  wlnnln; 
was  now  gone,  and  how  lie  would  one  day  come  agai  i  to  judg('  the  woiiilm 
flaming  fire." 

AtU'r  nhoiit  un  hour  spent  in  this  manner,  the  Indians  had  liherf  toasl- 
any  ipieslions  in  relation  to  wliat  had  lieeii  said.  Whereupon  .>iie  sKkkIiiji 
and  asked,  How  he  could  know  Jesiia  Christ  J — Another,  If'hellwr  Eti'sltshnvii 
were  ever  so  ifcnorant  of  him  as  the  hiilians' — A  third.  It  helher  Jesus  Chiil 
could  understand  prai/ers  in  Indian'/ — Another,  How  there  could  lie  an  immsKif 
God,  siiue  it  was  forbidden  iu  the  second  commandnunt } — Anotlier,  fl'lutkt. 
according  to  the  second  rominandinent,  the  child  Duist  snjfir,  thoui^h  he  he  jrwi. 
for  the  sins  of  its  parents  .' — And  lastly,  How  all  the  uorld  became  full  ofpuijit. 
if  they  were  all  once  drowned  in  thefood'J 

The  second  jiieeting  was  upon  IJ  Novemher,  following,  ]\lr.  Elinl  met  the 
Indians  again,  and  afier  catecliising  the  chihh'iMi,  and  preaching  .iii  lioiirio 
the  congregation,  heard  and  answered,  among  others,  tlie  following  (|iiiii- 
lions. — How  the  Enirltsh  came  to  differ  so  much  from  the  Indians  in  their  hiwid- 
et/ge  of  (Iod  and  Jesus  Christ,  since  they  had  all  at  first  but  one  Father  /—An- 
other desired  to  know,  How  it  came  to  pass  that  sea-water  loas  salt  and  rim 
water  fresh'/ — And  another.  That  if  Ihe  ividir  was  hifrher  than  the  earth,  Imt  ii 
hapftened  that  it  did  not  overflow  it "/ 

The  third  meeting  took  place  soon  afler,  namely,  on  2(i  of  the  same  nioiilli, 

*  Neal.  Ilisl.  N.  Eiic:.  i.  2iJ'J.  \  N.  Kii'V.  Hio-r.  Dirlioiiiirv,  ml.  Vav-\. 

\  Seo  p.  51  (if  lliis  book,  ante.  \  Neal.  Hist.  N.  I',iit»-.  i.  Vii. 

II  "Near  Walertowii  mill,  upon  the  soulli  side  ol  C'liiirlos  Kixor,  ;il>onl  lour  or  (iviMiiilfi 
from  liig  own  lioiiso,  [ia  Hoxhtiry,]  wlicre  lived  a-t  llial  limp  IT'i/juh.  tjiic  of  llioir  |)riiii'ipal 
men,  iiud  some  Indians  with  him."      (Innkin,  (Hist,  ("ol.)  IliJJ. 

IT  Noiiantum,  or  Nooimtomen,  sigiiilioil  a  plaet  of  ri'jvkiii"-,  or  rejoiciiu};.    Neal,  i.  ilfi- 

**  WauUaii,  Magnalia,  iii.  11)6.  "      '  \\  Ibiil, 

X\  Day-breaking  of  the  Gospel  in  N.  Eiig.,  in  Ned,  i.  223. 


hill  was  not  so 
HHiM'.  mid   liy 
Siill  lli'i"''  "■'''■'' 
\\w  (lays  iilh-r, 
ot'  Ins  VliildiTii, 
nitcil  III   iIm'  <' 
.■ollir.d  their  < 
iijioi,  iliis  niolio 
.Mr.  FJiol,  no' 
sdiiii'tliing  lii'siti 
iiiid  tli.it  WIS,  th 
s'lviiig'^  *vas,  7'/ 
hi'tii'S,  Vhrlslian 
\Mis  not  carrii'd 
(iitiN'iiii'iit  slioK 

tl aiisc  hy  as 

aioili'  of  living, 
tlic  pi'diT  llir  a  tl 
iiL'ri'i'd  to: — I.  il 
live  siiilliiigs. —  I 
iiiiiimrricil,  lie  > 
111-  iiiind.'  shall 
jii.-jfin'  to   III'  SI 
.«.inaiit,  anil  if  i 
fiir  liiiiisi'lli  and  i 
hliall  nor  have  he 
.•iliall  |iiiy  five  shi 
^ll,■lll  pav  two  si 
^Iiilliiigs'.-Vlll. 
five  .•^hillings. 

Ill  .liiiiuary  foil 

flt  Coiiriird  ;  and 

lii'iil  tiiniiiglioiit  t 

Kliol  visited  as  m 

Nii'i'  in  a  letter  wl 

hi'  l(Hiii('(l  of  the 

liati'  nut  hcen  dr 

tixtli,  bit  so  travi 

iiiiil  (III  with  tliein 

'I'lii'  cliicts  and 

to  iiiive  been  gaiiii 

lisli  power.     "No 

.Mr.  AW,  "for  if 

more  so  to  make 

the  icliirioii  of  the 

lili>  witlidiit  the  e.\ 

"Tlic  .Moiiliegii 

tlii'iii  t(i  jiray  to  U 

to  protest  airainst 

lecture,  and  openi 

lisii.  that  all  the  sfi 

lis  to  tell  yiv.  Elioi 

(li>  Mot  pay  me  tri 

wiieiias  before  th( 

and  t'ortiiiies  hein, 

tliDiiirhr  reasonahli' 

U|)on  theiii,  tlio.se  f 


'  lliilfhinscii,  TTisl. 

^  'rii:<  word,  when  i 
dersKind  in  ai,  o|)posil( 
and  idolairv,  is  wlial  is 

10* 


UOIllll     |l|'l'M'||l 

motives  ()t;;.|^ 
tliry  mill II  1(1  ,H 

lUtllCI'!-  — 1>  li  [ 
[>  Sllllhirl  li\  I,, 

S? Docs  il  1,,,; 

ore,  Imvc  i\i r, 
■iicf,  we  rc|i(i:t, 

I    lllixlf   ^()  >liv. 

llic  royal  rlnr. 
Iiristiiihi/iii:',  ■ 
I!.'  Imm'i-  ;  whp. 
cnilltl   Ik'  [\\.\u] 

•Il    )t|TSC|i|l(!  >„ 

ini,uriili'(l  \\;ii;i 

s. 

)lll(l    ln'  Clliltiii 

hiiiiHt'lt'  iiiiiMir 

Ac<Minrnii.'|j  I,. 
lily,  iiiiil  toiiMi, 
s  tiisk,  wliich  i„. 
t ;  lutviii!;  L'ivdi 
ntciitioi..  Will; 
r,  Ki-lti.  liwi.. 
iiinii,  th()n;.'!i  no 

ti-()iii  tlicirwii!. 
lar<.ro  (!|>artii,(in 

to  iicar  tliisiiMv 
iiiiiiii(liiit'iits,  Mr. 

lid  fall  U|Kiii»ll 
H  was,  wliciT  lie 
ilf^c  tlic  worliliD 

ad  liliiTt''  toiisk 

)()|i  ./lie  sI(i(h1i;ii 

tllitr  Kv'J'mhwn 

Ihrr  Jeswi  Chusi 

he  on  imiiist  0/ 

llotlMT,     M7l(//lff, 

ii(i;"/(  III  lie  irwii, 
imefull  ofptiijk 

r.  Kl'wl  met  the 

liiii;  an  liiiiirio 

(tilowiiiir  i|iics- 

.v  ill  tliiir  kumrl- 

tWnr  :'-Aii- 

yas  salt  and  rim 

I  he  cititli,  hoic'i 


Chap    VII] 

but  wiiH  not  so  well  «lti'iid<'<l 


PRAYINO   INDIANS— TIIKIR  LAWS.  113 

riic  powwows  and  sacliciiis  lind  dissiiadrd 


tliii  sai 


le  iniiiitli, 


liiirv,  iirl.  I'll  li'T 

111  tiiiir  or  livo  inilei 
of  llieir  principsl 

AW.  i.  ilfi- 


r  and  l>v  tliriin  (Irlcrrcil  oflicrs  Iniiii  iiiccimi!-  iipiui  sitcli  ocrasioiis. 
<i  II  I'ln i'c  wi'H'  coiisidcnililt'  iiiiiiiiiiMS  that  ;:ol  attaclird  to  ,\lr.  tUiiil,  and  in  ti 
l;\vi!avs  alti'f,  ff'ii>'>P"-i<  "»  wise  mid  sa^it-  Indian,"  ami  two  oilnrs,  with  hoiiio 
ol' Ins  rliil<li"'ii,  <'"""■'"''"'  '''""''"''•     "''  dt-siitd  that  tlicsi-   iiii^flit   he  odii- 

ti'il  in  iIk"  Ciii'i'^'i""  'i'l'l'-  A'  dir  iirxt  iiiiM'tiii".'  all  tlic  Indians  |trfscrit 
'•(illiii'd  llK'i'' "■'''''''''"  '"  I"' •■"""'■li'^'d  and  in.stnii'H'il  liy  tin-  Kiifflisli,  who 
iiiiiii.  this  motion  rt'snlvcd  to  set  ii|i  a  .-school  aiiioiif,'  thcin." 

Mr  tlliot,  iiotwithstaiidiii}.'  his  zeal,  srciiis  widi  to  have  iind'THtood,  that 
maii'iliiii"  Inside  preiirhiii!,'  was  ncccs.<iiry  to  rcl'orin  tlio  lives  ol'tlic  Indians; 
Mild  iliat  WHS,  their  eivili/iition  Ity  ediieation.  It  is  said  that  one  of  his  noted 
^•i\ ill""  was,  The  luiliinis  must  be  civil I'z'il  as  well  nx,  if  not  in  order  to  their 
tinii"\  Christ iiini::e  I.'*  Thereliire,  the  re(|iirst  of  tli"  iiidi.iiis  at  .Nomintniti 
Uiisimt  eairiid  into  etl'eet  until  a  place  eoiild  he  fixed  upon  where  a  rejrnlar 
M'tileiiieiit  slioiiltl  l>e  made,  and  the  eateidiiitnens  had  shown  tiieir  zeal  tiir 
till'  ciiiise  hy  assemhliii;:  ihem.selves  there,  and  eoiiHirmiii;.'  to  the  lln^lish 
iiiiHli">f  liviii).'  '"  the  end  this  was  ajfrecd  upon,  and  Natiek  was  fi.ved  as 
till'  place  for  a  town,  and  the  lollowin;.'  short  code  of  laws  was  set  lip  and 
j,ir||.((i  In: — I.  If  any  man  he  idle  a  week,  or  at  most  a  fortiiifrlit,  he  shall  pay 
fivr  sliillinjrs. — II.  If  i«iiy  unmarried  man  shall  li-  with  a  yoiiiiL'  woman 
iiiiiiiiinied,  he  shall  pay  twenty  sliillinjrs. — III.  If  any  man  shall  heat  his  wife, 
Ills  liiiiiils  shall  h<>  lied  heliind  liini,  and  he  shall  he  carried  to  the  |ila<'e  of 
justice  to  he  severidy  punished. — 1\'.  I'Aery  yoiinyf  man,  if  not  another's 
sei'vtiiit,  and  if  unmarried,  shall  he  eompelleil  to  set  u|>  a  wii;waiii,  and  |)laiit 
till- liiiMseli;  and  not  sliitl  up  and  down  in  oilier  wi<rwams. — V.  If  any  woman 
^liiill  nut  have  her  hair  tied  up,  hut  liim<r  loo.se,  or  he  cut  as  men's  hair,  she 
chilli  jiiiy  five  shillinirs. — VI.  If  any  woman  shall  ;ro  with  naked  hrensts,  she 
fiiail  pay  two  sliilliiifrs. — \  II.  All  men  that  wear  Ion;,'  locks  shall  pay  five 
.«liiirni!.'s'.— V  ill.  if  any  shallkill  their  lice  hetween  their  teeth,  they  shall  pay 
five  fllillili!(S. 

hi  .liMiuary  following  another  company  of  prayiiijr  Indians  was  ostaldishnd 
nt  Ciiiieovil ;  and  tli.'re  were  soon  several  other  places  where  moetiiifrs  were 
jielil  tiiiiiiijriioiit  the  country,  from  Cape  Cod  to  i\arra<raiiset.f  Of  these,  Mr. 
FJiitl  visited  as  many  and  as  oHoii  as  he  was  aide.  From  the  followiuff  pas- 
snue  ill  a  letter  which  Ik;  wrote  to  IMr.  ff'in.slow  of  I'liinoiith,  some  idea  may 
111' till  iiied  of  the  hardships  he  underwent  in  his  pious  lahors.  Hi;  says,  "I 
iijive  not  heeii  dry  nijrlit  nor  day,  from  the  third  day  of  the  week  unto  tlie 
!-i\tli,  hit  so  travelled,  and  at  nifflit  pull  off  my  hoots,  wrinjr  iriy  stockiii'TS, 
fiiiil  (III  with  them  a<raiii,  and  >c>  contiiiiti'.     itiit  (>od  steps  in  and  helps."| 

Tlie  chiefs  and  powwows  would  not  have  sutVen^l  even  so  much  fjroimd 
to  liiivf!  heeii  grained  hv  the  jrospel,  hut  for  the  awe  they  were  in  of  the  Kn;,'- 
lisli  power.  "Nor  is  this  to  |je  woiulered  at,"  says  the  very  jjfood  historian, 
.Ml.  A"'r(/,  "for  if  it  he  very  difiicnlt  to  civilize  harharous  nations, 'tis  iiiiich 
more  solo  make  them  Christians:  All  men  have  natiu'ally  a  V(;neration  tor 
the  leli^'ioii  of  tiieir  ancestors,  and  the  prejudices  of  educiition§  are  iiistipcra- 
lile  witiioiit  the  extraordinary  gract;  of  (»od." 

"The  ,Moiihe<;iii  Indians  wer»!  so  jealous  of  the  freiieral  court's  (dilisring 
tlieiii  to  pray  to  (Jod,  that  llnras,  their  sachem,  went  to  tlu;  court  at  llartliird 
to  pidtest  airainst  it.  Ciitithninoquin,  another  sachem,  came  to  the  Indian 
lectiii'c,  and  openly  protested  airainst  their  hiiildiiij>;  a  town,  telliiifr  the  V.ui^- 
lisli,  that  all  the  saidiems  in  the  country  were  af^aiiist  it.  lie  wr.s  so  honest 
IIS  to  tell  .Mr.  Eliot  th»!  reason  of  it ;  for  (says  he)  the  Indians  that  pruy  to  fJod 
do  not  pay  me  trihiite,  as  formerly  they  did;  which  was  in  part  true,  for 
whereas  liefore  the  sachem  was  ahsolute  tiiaster  of  his  siilijects;  their  lives 
aiKMiatiines  heiiij^  at  his  dispo.-id ;  they  jrave  him  now  no  more  than  they 
tlioiii'lit  reasonahle  ;  hut  to  wipe  off  the  reproaidi  that  CiUshamoijidn  had  laid 
ujioa  tlieni,  those  f(jw  praying  Indians  present,  told  Mr.  Eliot  what  they  hud 


'  Uulfhinsoii,  Hisl.  iM,i,s.  i.  \r,X  t  Xeal,  i.  2'2(i— '2.30.  J  Mii.sn^ili't,  iii.  \96. 

^  'r!i:<  word,  when  !ippli«d  In  the  ecliienlinn  of  ihe  Indiana  amoD';-  tli«>..»>«lves,  i»  10  be  iia- 
der»l(in(l  ill  an  opposite  simiso  from  ils  cninnioii  acceptation  :  thus,  10  instruct  in  SupCfBlilious 
and  idolairv,  is  wiiat  is  iwl  meant  by  cducalion  uinoiii;  us. 

10* 


1;^.  ^1 


m 


H7 


■"if 


mV 

'fH 

^^B^v. 

"/'^^"'InnPi 

■  •^.'■I^Pi 

^^ 

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K.. 

;\ilL|^ir 

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'f^'^W^ 

B"'' 

^E  ^ 

•  'wSlkta 

^B'^' 

..1  ''I'SnTltfl 

^ff-L 

■  ■^'■:%mm 

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W- 

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i 

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;' 

■       :":-V'.-^.-'; 

">>      -Oit''. 

'■■■l'.>' 

■^l^•*'jfc■'ii 

*t!'\\ 

■,'^mM 

»f'':5'..i;cii^ 


-I  ■'■■<:*■''.'':: 


114 


PRAYINO  INDIANS.— INDIAN  THHLE. 


[Rodit  ]] 


if'ir 


dono  for  tlinir  Hnclicni  thn  two  lust  yiinrs,  Icnviiif?  Iiiiii  to  jiid^n  wlintlicr  th  „ 
jirina?  liiul  uiiy  roiuson  to  roiniilHiii."  Tlicy  miid  tlicy  liml  f?ivfii  |iii„  ^' 
husiicU  of«'oni  at  oik;  titiut,  and  six  at  aiiotlicr ;  that,  in  liiiiitin^'  lor  him  two 
days- thoy  had  killed  him  ir>d(!(<i>i;  hrokc  up  liir  him  two  acriN  of  ||||„{. 
liiadu  him  a  ^rrat  wi^'wam;  "tiiadc  him  '^0  rods  of  fi>iu;(t  with  a  ditdi  i,ii,| 
two  rails  about  it ;"  |mid  a  doitt  t<)r  him  ot'jCM,  10s.  "()n<>  o|  them  i^'uvi 
a  skill  of  bt'iivi-r  of  two  pounds,  lusidcs  many  days  works  in  plantiii}; 


altoffcthcr ;  v«'a,  thny  said  tliry  would  \villiii;;iy  do  more  if  he  would  p 


tl 


Iflll  JUS 


dy  r»y  tl 


10  word  of  (jrod,     liiit  the  sachem  swidliiii;  with  ind 


at  this  iiiiiiiaiiiicrly  disroiirHc  of  his  vassals,  turned  his  back  upon  tl 


'lit 


til 


I'atest 


d)ie;    thoiigb 


"'  IIIIII 

I'iMl 

'vcni 

>,«iiniii,||, 

1"  <'(iii|. 


away 
consideration,  Jiimselt  turn<;d  iJlinstiaii  not  Ioiik  albr," 

Mr.  Experience  .Mmjhiw  met  with  similar  oc.iMirri'iices  many  yearH  ntt-r, 
Upon  a  visit  to  tlie  Narragaiisets,  h(!  sent  for  .M  ■ifrrvi,  t\\v  sacliem,  anj 
dt'sircd  of  him  leave  to  preaeli  to  liis  peo|ile  ;  l)ut  the  s'  i-liem  told  liitn  tnug 
and  make  the  Kn^'lish  ^'ood  first ;  and  observed,  funher,  ;hat  some  of  iL; 
luiiglish  kept  Saturday,  others  Sunday,  and  others  no  day  at  all  liir  wiiisliii,; 
HO  that  if  his  peo|)le  siioiiid  hitvi!  a  mind  to  turn  Christians,  they  eould  n,,; 
toll  what  r;ilif{ion  to  bi- of.  jVinif!;ret  fiiither  added,  that  Mr.  Alaiiluw  jin^k 
try  his  skill  tii-st  with  the  Peipiots  and  Mohegans,  and  if  thev  siibmitti d  tdiln; 
Christian  religion,  possibly  he  and  his  people  might,  but  they  would  not  Ih; 
the  first.* 

In  the  mounwhilo,  Mr.  fjliot  had  translated  the  whole  Bible  into  Indian,* 
also  Maxtkr's  Cam.,  Mr.  ShephtrWs  Sincehk  Conn  kut,  and  his  Soind  |if. 
LiEVKH,  I  besid.'s  some  other  perfbriiiaiices,  as  a  Grammar,  Psalter,  Piiimrn, 
Catechisms,  the  PiucricE  ok  Piety,  &-c.  § 

Jt  is  amusing  to  hear  what  our  old  valued  friend.  Dr.  C.  Mather,  m^i  {,{ 
Eliofs  Bible.  "This  Bible,"  he  says,  "was  printed  here  at  our  Caini)n(||;r, 
and  it  is  the  only  Bilde  that  ever  was  printed  irt  all  America,  from  tin;  vor) 
foundation  of  the  world."  ||  The  same  author  observes,  that  "  the  wlmle 
translation  was  writ  with  but  one  pen,  wbicdi  jien  had  it  not  been  lost,  wmilj 
huvi!  certainly  deserved  a  richer  case  than  was  bestowed  upon  that  pcii,  with 
which  Holland  %  writ  his  translation  of  PliUarch" 

It  wa-s  long  since  in(|uired,  "  What  benefit  has  all  this  toil  and  siifTering 

Erodiiced  ? — Is  there  a  vestige  of  it  remaining.'' — Were  the  Indians  in  reality 
ettereil  by  the  great  effin-ts  of  their  friends?"  "Mr.  Elwt"  says  Dr.  Done. 
lass,  "with  immense  labor  translated  and  printed  our  Bible  into  Indian,  h 
was  done  with  a  good,  |>ious  design,  but  it  mii.st  be  reconed  among  tliu  Olio- 
soriim  Iwminnm  negolia:  It  was  (lone  in  the  Natick  [Nipmuk]  langiiai;i'.  Of 
the  Naticks,  at  present,  there  are  not  20  families  subsisting,  and  scarce  any 
of  these  can  read. — Cui  boni!"** 

By  the  accounts  left  us,  it  will  be  perceived,  that  for  many  years  after  the 
exertions  of  Eliot,  Gookin,  Mai/hew  and  others,  had  been  put  in  opcralidii, 
there  was  no  inconsiderable  progress  made  in  the  gieat  uiuleitakiiii;  of 
Christiani/.ing  the  Indians.  Natick,  the  oldest  praying  town,  coiitaiiuMl,  in 
1074,  2!)  tiimilies,  in  which  periiaps  were  about  145  p(!rsons.  The  iiaine 
JVatick  signified  «  place  of  hills.  IVaban  was  the  chief  man  here,  "wIkC 
says  Mr.  Gookin,  "  is  now  about  70  years  of  age.  lie  is  a  jiersoii  of  great 
prudence  and  piety :  I  do  not  know  luiy  Iiulian  that  excels  him." 

Pakemitt,  or  Piinkapaog,  ("which  takes  its  name  from  a  spring,  that  riselh 
out  of  red  earth,")  is  the  next  town  in  order,  and  contauied  12  families,  or 

*  Neal's  N.  EiiglaiKl,  i.  257.  f  See  book  ii.  chap.  iii.  p.  57,  and. 

t  Moore's  Lite  Kliot,  114.  §  Mas^nalia,  h.  iii.  197.  ||  Ibiil. 

'^  Philemon  Holland  was  mlled  the  Iranslator-ginicral  o(  his  age;  he  wrote  several  ol' hij 
translatious  with  oue  pen,  upon  which  he  made  tlie  foNowin^  verses: 
Wilh  one  sole  pen  I  writ  this  hook, 

Made  of  a  gr«y  f^onse  (jiiill ; 
A  pen  it  was,  when  I  il  took, 
And  a  pea  I  leave  il  still. 

Fitilet's  Worthies  of  Endand. 
**  Dfugla$t,  Hist.  America,  i.  172,  note.    See  also  Halket,  Hist.  Noles,  248,  &.c.    Doug- 
lass wrote  about  1745. 


almiif  «!0  per 
Stoii^'litoli. 
is  til)'  third  t 

HI'COIliI,   <>0    HI 

:i)  |ici.|>le,  an 

iiiiry,  the   i\\\\ 

conliiincd  alio 

the  sixth,  and 

kiiitoii,  .sigiiifi 

tliii  was  the  si 

'riiere  were 

|jriiyiiijf  towns 

.siiKv  Ovibrd, 

six  miles  (i-oiii 

and  ('ontained 

|mrt  of  \Vood^ 

tijiset,  iil.so  in  \ 

the  lilHi  town 

taiiM'd  ir)0  KMii 

in  Ward,  al.so 

(■(iiittiineil  ahoi 

now  liy  llxhrid 

Gookin,  our  ch 

Hence  it  see 

in  the  places  ei 

that  even  one 

This  ('(ilriilatir 

war  lieiriiii ;  an 

tliroiiirli  that  Wi 

but  iiijiiiy  that  1 

ters  tlicniselves 

At  the    clo.sf 

jilaccs  where 

Nonatiiiii,  at  I' 

River,  (It  \atik 

Tiiere  were,  at 

youth."    But,  ii 

of  l(i7il,  on  tliei 

iiarhor,  they  we 

senie  striiirgling 

10  conie  within  i 

bernine  ahandoi 

We  lifive  seei; 

the  end  of  the  ; 

was  proelainieci 

theiiiHclves  to  ji 

alioul  ."jOO  upon  1 

and  ofiier  ways, 

Imt  about  SOO  i 

•"oiilil    claim    bi 

('Imcliiiiiliiinkkal 

liefmc  \v('  pas 

acrotint  of  .some 

Wnuban  we  he 

of  liiin.    He  is 

time  Mr.  Eliot 

•At  Nutik,  or  Ni 

ilcatli. 

\\'\m\  a  kind 
made  a  ruler  of  f 
ill-'  iti  suid  to  be 


CMP.  VIIl 


rRAYIN(5   INDIANS— WAUHAN. 


1115 


nbniit  <)0  ni'i-soriH.  It  wiih  14  iiiiles  Month  <il'  HoHtori,  niul  Ih  now  incliulid  in 
m(iu"lil'>"'  '''"■  I'"''"""  '"'■''  •'•'iiiovtMl  li-iuii  Hit!  N»'|)onm!t.  lliiHsaiiiiiiicHil 
\*  thr  tlilnl  town,  and   is  now  inrlialctl   in  (inilion,  and  iniitain<'d,  like  tiiti 

I'Ciiinl  <>0  ."imiIh.  OkDiiiiniikaincsit,  now  in  .M:nH)oroii^li,  containi'd  aliont 
■a)  ni'tp'pli',  and  was  iIk'  t'nintli  town.  \\  anioit,  h;ii(t  ini-ludrd  in 'I'rvvkrt- 
linn  tin'  lil^'i  town,  wa^  npon  a  iK'ck  of  ianil  in  .Merrimack  Uivcr,  and 
(•oiiiiVnii'd  alioiit  7')  Honln,  of  live  to  a  laniily.  Nusludiali,  now  Littlcion,  wim 
thr  4i\tli,  and  contained  lait  almnt  .10  inlialiitantH.  IMa^nnikatjiio^',  now  llop- 
kintmi,  .-iK'ii'ied  n  pl'tcr  of  frnnl  trees,  lien;  were  ahoiit  .l."*  personn,  and 
tlii<  was  the  seventh  town. 

'I'll,,,.,,  were,  l)eHides  these,  sovon  other  towns,  wliich  wore  cuUed  the  n  w 
iiiiiviii).'  towns.  These  were  ainotij.'  the  Nipnniks.  'J'he  firht  wa.s  M.iiicha^n', 
JiiiHv  OxIonI,  and  eoftained  aliont  (10  iidiahitants.  The  seeontl  was  alxnit 
six  rnih'S  tiom  the  first,  and  its  name  was  ('hananakon;:koinnn,  since  Dndloy, 
nnd  ("Mtained  ahont  4.')  pei-sons.  The  third  was  !Maane\it,  in  tht!  north-ea.st 
.,„|.,  „f  Woodstock,  and  contained  ahont  KM)  s(tnls.  The  lonrtli  was  Unan- 
tissrt,  also  in  Wooilstock,  and  eontainin;;  1(10  pir.soiis  iikewi.si .  WalM|nissit, 
till'  lilHi  town,  also  in  Woodstock,  (Itnt  now  iin-lnded  ir  1,'onntictieiit,)  coti- 
taiii((l  l.')0  s'lnls.  I'akachooj,',  a  sixth  town,  jmrtiy  in  Worcester  and  partly 
in  Ward,  also  contained  100  people.  VVeshakini,  or  \a.shuway,  a  seventh, 
ciintJiiiicd  ahout  75  persons.  vVaenntii!,'  was  also  a  praying'  town,  inchiiUid 
now  liv  I'xhrid^re ;  itnt  the  innnher  of  peo|»i()  there  is  not  set  down  hy  Mr. 
Godklii,  our  chief  an'horiiy. 

Ilciice  it  seems  there  were  now  svpposvl  to  he  aitont  1  l.'iO  prayin;,'  Indian.s 
in  tilt'  jilaces  eninnerated  aliove.  Th(!re  is,  however,  nrit  the  least  prohahility, 
that  I'ven  one  fourth  of  these  were  ever  sincere  Itelieverd  in  Christianity. 
This  calculation,  or  rather  sn|)position,  was  made  iln-  y«;ai  lieiore  I'hilip^s 
war  licL'an ;  and  how  many  do  we  fmd  who  adhered  to  their  profession 
throiiirii  that  war?  Tiiat  event  not  only  sh(M)k  the  faith  of  the  coinnion  sort, 
hut  rniiMV  that  had  been  at  the  head  of  the  prayin^r  towns,  tlu^  Indian  mini.s- 
tprs  tht'iliselves,  were  found  in  arms  a-rainst  their  \vhit(!  ('hristian  iM;i;,dd)ors. 

At  the  close  «if  Pbillf)\i  war,  in  l<!77,  Mv.  dookia  emnnerates  "seven 
places  where  they  met  to  worship  (j!od  and  keep  tlie  .sahltath,  i/.  ut 
Noiiatniii,  at  I'akeniit,  or  l'nnka)io<;;  at  Cowat(!,  alias  tiie  Tall  of  (JharhiS 
River,  at  Xatik  and  Medtield,  at  i'oncord,  ut  Xamekeakt;,  near  Chelmsford." 
Tlii'ic  were,  at  each  of  these  platres,  he  says,  "n  teacher,  ami  schools  tor  the 
vonili,"  lint,  notwithstandini;  th<;y  had  occupied  seven  towns  in  tht;  sprinj^ 
of  l()7ii,  on  their  return  from  imprisonment  upon  the  hleak  islands  in  Hoston 
liarlMtr,  they  were  too  ieehle  long  to  maintain  .«o  many.  The  ap|»earance  of 
sniiic  strairifliiifr  Mohawks  <rreatly  alarmed  these  Indians,  and  they  were  glad 
CO  roiiic  within  the  protection  of  the  English  ;  and  so  the  romoto  towns  soon 
beranie  ahandoned. 

Wf  have  seen  that  ll.")0  praying  Indians  were  claimed  Ixiforc  the  war,  in 
the  end  of  the  year  1(J74,  hut  not  half  tliis  number  could  be  found  when  it 
wa.s  proclaimed  that  all  such  must  come  out  of  their  towns,  und  go  by 
tht'inselv(;s  to  a  place  of  safety.  Mr.  Gookin  says,  at  one  time  there  were 
alioul  500  upon  the  islands;  but  wh(>n  aonw  had  been  employed  in  the  uriny, 
and  other  ways,  (generally  such  as  were  indiHerent  to  religion,)  there  were 
hut  about  300  reniuiinng.  Six  years  utVer  that  disastrous  war,  Mr.  Eliot 
rnulil  claim  but  four  towns!  viz.  "  Natick,  Punkapuog,  Wamesit,  and 
I'iiacimii  I M I  n  kkakowok." 

lletiHe  we  i*uss  to  notice  other  »owns  in  Plimouth  colony,  we  will  give  an 
account  of  some  of  tin;  most  noti  1  of  the  i)raying  Indians. 

ff'nubnn  we  have  several  times  introduced,  and  will  now  close  our  account 
of  hini.  He  is  supposed  to  have  been  originally  of  Concord;  but,  at  the 
time  Mr.  Eliot  began  his  labors,  he  resided  ut  Nonuntum,  since  Newton. 
At  Nutik,  or  Natick,  he  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  officers  until  liia 
dent  1 1. 

\Vhi'n  a  kind  of  civil  conununity  was  established  at  Nutik,  Wauban  was 
nmde  a  ruler  of  fifly,  and  sid)3eqnently  a  justict!  of  the  peuoe.  The  follow- 
in;'  is  said  to  be  a  copy  of  a  warrant  wliiob  he  inued  against  80ir»  of  tlio 


k,m-M 


\ 

•  ■    i     -.'^' ■•''?' las 

;    ■'  '.  -'  i"'f  ,     '"iJflS 

.  •* 

■-•'■*■ 

IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


lAa|28     |2.5 

■  50     ■^™        H^H 

M  mil  2.0 


12.2 


1.8 


1.25 


1.4 


Photographic 

Sdences 
Corporation 


// 


/////      /  M  ^^%S 


% 


^^^''^r 


Q 


,V 


%^ 


;\ 


23  Wi  *T  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


% 


f/j 


% 


% 


€ 


% 


116 


PRAYING  INDIANS.— PIAMBO.—TUKAPEWILI.IN.         [Rook  II      V     Chap.  VII.] 


iransjrrcssors.  "  loi/,  you  fdfr  comtrthh;  (pikk  you  cittch  urn  Jcreiniuli  Oflk'ow 
sironii  you  hold  uin,  sufr  you  hrin/s;  um,  a/ore  nir,  \Vali;iii, /i/s/iVp  peurc."  ' 

A  yomiL' jiisticf!  asked  h'duhfin  wliat  lie  would  do  when  Indians  ;rot  driink 
and  (piaindled  ;  lie  i(  |ilicd,  "  7Ve  um  (ill  up,  tind  wliiji  um  plaintiff,  and  whii: 
umfciidauf,  and  whip  um  uilncss." 

Wo.  hnvv,  not  liarncd  tin;  |)r('fisc  titnn  ol'  fyau'ian''fi  dcatli,-!-  hut  lie  was 
certainly  alive  in  tlic  end  of  tlie  year  |(>7<),  and,  we  tliinU,  in  Mi77.  i'oi- !;,. 
was  anions  tlios((  sent  to  Deer  Island,  :{()  ()('tol)"r,  Ii7."),  and  was  anioiii.'  i| . 
sick  that  returned  in  iVIay,  1()7(!;  and  it  is  particularly  nicnti'MKid  tliat  lie  \vii. 
on<'  tliat  recovered. 

Piainboulioul  WAS  tin;  next  man  to  ff'auhan,  <iiii\  tlio  next  alter  liini  tlm; 
rcc.  iv(!(l  the  <r.)s|)f!l.  At  tlio  wm-oikI  nieetinj.'  at  Xonantuni,  lie  broiiu'lii  ,i 
great  many  of  his  yx-ople.  At  Natik  Ik;  was  made  ruler  of  ten.  Wlun 
the  church  at  llassaniimcsit  was  irathercd,  ll^' was  called  lo  he  a  ruirr  in  it. 
When  that  town  was  lir(tk»;i.  ii|)  in  J'hili/)\i  war,  he  return<Ml  aifain  to  .Naiik, 
when;  he  (lied,  lie  was  on<;  of  those  also  contiiied  to  Dimi- Island ;  licinii, 
lie  lived  until  after  the  war.  Tlie  riding  elder  of  llaswananiesit,  callcil  hv 
some  Piamhow,  was  tin;  sanie  person. 

John  Spccn  was  another  tciaelier,  contem|iorary  with  Pinmho,  and,  like  liim. 
was  a  "grave  and  pious  man."  In  IfidI,  Timnlhy  Dtvii^ht,  of  Detlhani,  mhh! 
John  Spt'U  and  his  lirother,  IVujir.ax,  for  the  recovery  of  a  debt  ot'  .9u/; 
pounds,  and  iMr.  Kliot  hailed  them.  'J'liis  Ik;  prohaiily  did  with  satlty,  n, 
Jo/m  .S'/>ceH  and  "liis  kindred  "  owned  nearly  all  tlu;  Natik  lands,  when  ;!., 
Christian  commonwealth  wa.s  estahlished  there.  This  valuahle  ])t)sscssiim 
he  jrave  up  fi-eely,  to  he  used  in  common,  in  l(i50.  .\otwithstandiii<:  "h? 
was  among  the;  first  that  |)rayed  to  (iod  "  at  Nonantum,  and  "was  a  (lili:;ii]t 
reader."  yet  he  died  a  drunkard ;  having  heen  some  time  hisfore  disciinlnl 
from  th(!  church  at  Natik. 

Pcnnahannit,  calhid  Captain  Josiah,  was  "  Marshal  (jeneral"  over  all  tlip 
praying  towns,  lie  used  to  attend  the  courts  at  Nutik;  hut  his  residi'iifc 
v»'as  at  Nashohah. 

TukapeiDillin  was  teacher  at  Ha.ssaiiamesit,  and  his  hrother,  dnnwinkm, 
ruler.  He  wa.s,  according  to  Major  (lookin,  "a  pious  and  ahh;  man,  mid  npt 
to  teach."  He  siilfered  exceedingly  in  Philip\f  war;  himself  and  iii'i 
congr(!gation,  together  with  those  of  the  two  |)raying  town.s,  "Magiiiikn:' 
and  Chol)on(>konhononi,"  having  heen  enticed  away  liy  Philip^s  followtrs. 
His  father,  JVaoas,  was  di^acon  of  liis  church,  and  among  the  niiiiilnr, 
They,  however,  tried  to  make  their  escape  to  the  English  soon  alter,  awr. 
al)ly  to  a  plan  concerted  with  Job  KalUnanit,  when  h«;  was  among  Phitips 
people  as  a  spy ;  hut,  as  it  ha|»peiied,  in  th(>  attemjit,  they  I'ell  in  witli  iiii 
English  scout,  under  Cajttain  (iihh.i,  who  treated  them  as  prisoners,  and  uiiii 
not  a  little  harharity;  rohhing  tliem  of  (-very  thing  they  had,  even  the  iiiiiii>- 
ter  of  a  pewter  cuj)  which  he  used  at  sacratnents.  At  Marlhorough,  tiioiii'li 
under  the  protection  of  ot!ic(!rs,  they  wt  .e  so  insulted  and  abused,  "csin- 
cially  hy  women,"  that  Tukapp.willin''s  wife,  li-oni  fear  of  being  niiirdiiiil, 
escaped  into  the  woods,  leaving  a  sucking  child  to  he  taken  care  of  In  ils 
fiiher.  With  her  went  also  her  son,  VZ  years  old,  and  two  others.  The 
others,  N'aoas  and  Tukapcwillin,  with  six  or  pcveii  children,  were,  sunn 
after,  sent  to  Den-  Island.     jVaoas  was,  at  this  time,  about  60  years  old. 

Oonamog  wils  ruler  at  Marlborough,  and  a  sachein,  who  died  in  tlie 
summer  of  1()74.  His  de.-ith  "was  a  great  blow  to  the  place.  He  uiis  a 
pious  and  discreet  man,  and  the  very  soul,  as  it  were,  of  the  place."  Tlii' 
troubles  of  the  war  fi;ll  very  heavily  upon  his  family.  A  barn  conliiiiiini: 
corn  and  hay  was  burnt  at  Chelmsford,  by  some  of  the  war  l)arty,  ms  it 
proved  afterwards;  hut  some  of  the  violent  English  of  that  place  dctcnniniii 
to  make  the  Waniesits  suffer  for  it.     Accordingly,  about   14   men  anmil 

*  ^l//c7i'«  ISiog-.  Dirt.  (i;7.  \Va BAN. 

t  Dr.  Homer,  Hisl.  Nfwioii,  says  h«  clicfl  in  IfiTt,  l)iii  gives  no  authority.     Wo  liavc  citw 
several  authorities,  showiiijr  that  lie  was  alive  a  year  later,  (see  I),  iii.  pp.  10  and  7'.).) 
X  Piam  Boohan,  Gookin's  Hisl.  Coll.  \^i.--Piamboio,  his  Hisl.  Praying  Indians. 


tliem.«clvos,  and 
WaMic.-^its.  and 
Iriiig  chietly  h 
i-oiiM  he  iiiti^nd 
live  were  woiim 
lirli  iiiiw  tiiiled 
iilrrady  shed,  is 
Wiu-  a  little  son  I 
whose  Maine  w; 
,l;,iigliler    '■  Snsx 
uiir,  "  !i  grciit  fri 
rtiis  Oonamo^,  1 1 
.Mii^ketaiiuiti. 

Xiiinphmc  was 

v.ii.s  teacher,  "a 

rejid  and  writt;  E 

the  expense  of  tl 

tiine  of  the  wiir 

iiiiinediiitely  aftei 

to  he  iiiiirdcred 

^vhih'  up  and  d( 

ri'tiirned  to  Wan 

iiciirliliors  would 

Ml,  for  ill  Fehriiai 

Canada.     Siix  or  ; 

froinir  hy  iidirmit 

death  ill  their  wi 

called  forth  the  d( 

knowledge  it  sho 

|)laee  of  pity,  at  b 

i)y  the  savage  hiii 

iviiieiiiher  ill  sorn 

Diiriiig  the  wiii 

ilestroyed  iiiany  t 

teacher,  were  niim 

«( to  avoid  falling 

fiirreiulered  them 

trouhles  now  caiin 

llieni  hiid  heen  in 

or  executed  at  IJot 

barely  escaped,  an 

Sijmon  Jktokam. 

Xumphoiv  Wiis  i 

year,  lie,  John  Lh 

court,"  ein|)loyed 

years  after  he  acco 

iiif-'thi;  hounds  of 

li'annalancd,  wl 

hook,  countenancui 

(iookin  held  a  met 

Tails,  on  the  Merr 

|«.'rs(ni,  and  of  yea 

J'llm  Mnlawanct 

''"4.     After  his  ( 

teacher.     "  His  fat 

"as  lishing  fijr  eelt 

lldllasacompnnu, 

who  was  with  him 

"».>'  ff'nllasncotnpai 

^f  the  chief  sacliei 

Alteiis  Hisl. 


CHAP.  VII.] 


PRAYING  INDIANS.— WANNALANCET. 


117 

tlienisolvPi?,  and,  midor  a  prct(!nce  of  scoutinp,  went  to  the  '\vif,'\vaniR  of  tl»e 
WuiiH'sits.  and  ordered  tiieni  to  eome  out.  Tliey  obeyed  witlioiit  Ik  sitation, 
liciii"  fliii'tly  liel|)less  women  and  children,  and  not  coneeivinir  any  harm 
luiilii  1)1'  iiiti^niled  them;  hut  they  were  no  >ioonf,'r  out  than  fn-ed  upon,  when 
live  were  wounded  and  one  killed.  Whether  the  (;(tin-af;e  of  the  bmiK  Vav^- 
\\^\[  iKiw  liiijed  them,  or  whether  they  were  (sati.stied  with  what  lilood  was 
iiliviiilv  slied,  is  not  clear;  hut  they  did  no  more  at  this  time.  The  oin;  slain 
\v;i.- .1  little  son  o['  Tahdtountr  ;  and  Oimnnio^jfs  widow  w;ts  s(!verely  wounded, 
ivhdsr  nanii!  was  Santh,  "a  woman  of  j^ood  re|)(!rt  lor  religion."  Hlie  wa.s 
i!;,ii"lilcr  ''  Sa'j;n more- John,  who  livi'd  and  dii'd  at  the  sam(^  place,  before  the 
uiiiC  "ii  gi*''at  friend  to  the  I'Jifrlish."  Sarah  had  had  two  huslmnds:  tin;  first 
,\ii<  Oonnmoa:,  ihe  second  Tahaloontr,  who  was  son  of  Tahatlawan,  sachem  of 
Mii>kriiii|iii(i.     This  affair  took  placi-  on  tln'  I.")  Novemiter,  \{u'^. 

Xiiinphiiw  wiifi  ruler  of  thi'  prayinj,'  Jndians  at  W'amesit,  and  Samml,  his  son, 
v,;is  iraclirr,  "a  yoniif,'  man  of  ^ooil  jtarts,"  .<ays  Mr.  (lonkiii,  "and  can  sp.ak, 
iTiid  anil  write  Euf^lish  and  Indian  <'(iuipetently  ;"  l»ein<j  oneoffho.se  tauj^liiLit 
the  ('\|Mnse  of  the  corporation.  .Viimphow  experienced  wretched  trials  in  the 
tiiiii'  i)f  the  war;  Ik;  with  his  peopli;  liavin-,'  Hed  away  from  tln'ir  Iu):i:c3 
iniiMciiiately  after  th(!  Iioirid  harharily  of  which  we  have  just  spoken,  f-aring 
ti)  lie  murdered  if  they  should  continue  there.  llow(;ver,  after  wanderiui^  u 
\\\[\li'  ii|)  and  down  in  the  woods,  in  the  dismal  month  of  December,  tliey 
ntiiriH'd  to  Waniesit,  in  a  tltrloni  condition,  and  lioptid  the  carriaj^t;  of  their 
iiciirliliors  would  be  such  that  they  mi<rht  continue  there.  It  did  not  turn  out 
Ml,  I'or  in  February  they  again  quitted  their  habitations,  and  went  oft"  towards 
CaiiJula.  Si.x  or  s(!ven  old  persons  remained  behind,  who  were  hind(.'red  from 
':(in\ii  hy  infnniity.  These  |)onr  blind  and  lame  Indians  were  all  burnt  to 
lii.itli  in  their  wigwams.  This  act,  had  it  occurred  by  accident,  would  have 
caiiiMl  fi)rtli  the  (leej)est  |)ity  from  the  breast  of  every  human  creatun;  to  whose 
kimwlrilge  it  should  come.  J$ut  horror,  anguish  and  indignation  take  the 
|)l!U't'  (if  |iity,  at  being  told  that  the  flames  which  consumed  them  were  lighted 
liy  till'  savage  lianils  of  whin;  men  ! !  It  was  so — and  whites  are  oidy  left  to 
it'Miciiilier  in  sorrow  this  act  of  those  of  their  own  color  '     Jint  to  return-- 

Duriiit'  the  wand(>rings  of  JVuinphow  and  his  friends,  fuinino  and  ticknesa 
destroyed  many  of  them.  Himself  and  Mistic  George,  or  George  Misttc,  a 
tt'iiclicr,  were  nund)ered  with  the  (U-ad.  The  others,  having  joined  Wannnlan- 
cd  to  avoid  falling  in  with  war  ))arties  on  both  sides,  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
fiirniidered  themsi'lves  to  the  English,  at  Dover,  in  August,  1070.  New 
iroulilcs  now  came  upon  them.  Some  English  captives  testified  that  some  of 
llii'in  iiad  been  in  arms  against  them,  and  such  were  either  sold  into  slavery, 
or  executed  at  Uoston.  Several  shared  the  latter  fate.  JVumph.no's  son  Samuel 
Iwri'ly  escaped,  and  another  son,  named  Jonathan  George,  was  pardoned  ;  also 
Sijmon  Iktokam. 

Xuinphow  was  in  some  public  business  as  early  as  KJ.'SO.  On  8  June  that 
ywir,  he,  John  Line  and  George  Mistic,  were,  upon  the  |)art  of  the  "Indian 
loiirl,"  eni|tloyed  to  run  the  line  from  Chelmsford  to  Wamesit.*  And  23 
ycai-s  after  he  accom|)anied  Captain  Jonathan  Danforth  of  IJillerica  in  renew- 
iiifrtlie  bounds  of  BnnUni's  Farm,  now  Litchfield,  N.  H. f 

If'annalancd,  whose  history  will  be  found  spoken  upon  at  large  in  our  next 
liook,  countenanced  religion,  an<l  ir  was  at  his  wigwam  tiiat  Mr.  Eliot  and  I\Ir. 
(mkin  held  a  meeting  on  the  ')  May,  1G74.  His  hons(!  was  near  Pawtucket 
lulls,  on  the  Merrima<-k.  "  Ht;  is,"  said  Major  Gookin,  "a  sober  and  grave 
pi.'rson,  and  of  yeai-s,  between  50  and  (iO." 

Jiihn  Ahntawancc  was  rider  of  Xashobah,  a  pious  man,  who  died  previous  to 
li)74.  Alh'r  his  decease,  Pcnnahannit  was  chief.  John  Thomas  was  their 
tia(|i(>r.  "  His  father  was  nnu'dered  by  the  Maquas  in  a  secret  manner,  as  he 
was  fi.sliiiig  for  eels  at  his  wear,  some  years  since,  during  the  war"  with  tlioni. 

Hatlasacompamtm,  called  also  Captain  Tom,  is  thus  sjioken  of  by  Mr.  Gookin^ 
who  was  with  him  at  I'akachoog,  17  September,  1074.  "My  chief  assistant 
was  ffallasacompannm,  ruler  of  the  Nipmuk  Indians,  a  grave  and  pious  man, 
ul  the  chief  sachem's  blood  of  the  Nipnujk  country.    He  resid(!S  at  Ilassana- 


Altetis  Hist.  Clielmsford. 


t  MS.  loiter  of  Jolm  Fanner,  Escj. 


■  ■■    ,  '  ' 

■■9"  ' 


'■'■•I  i:''!f' 


B-    .1  ■  - 1  •'  i 


4  r 


118 


PRAYING  INDIANS.— IIIACOOMES. 


[GooE  II 


w 


iTiesit ;  but  by  former  uppoiiitmeiit,  ralloth  bcre,  together  witli  sotiio  otlurs." 
C.iptaiu  Tom  was  among  TukapcwiUin^a  eompniiy,  tliat  went  otV  witli  tin. 
eiieiiiy,  as  in  speaking  of  bim  we  liave  made  mention.  In  tiiat  comiiany  tlnr.. 
were  ai)out  ^UO,  men,  women  and  eliildren.  Tbe  enemy,  lieing  about  :jii 
strong,  obiigt.'d  tb(;  praying  Inditnirf  to  go  otf  witii,  or  Ite  kilhid  by  tiiein.  'I'lui., 
were,  liowever,  many  wbo  doubtless  |)referreil  tlieir  comijany  to  tiiat  of  tlnir 
fvicnds  on  Deer  island.  This  was  aixiiit  the  beginning  of  Deeember,  It;;,'; 
Ci'ptain  Tom  ailerwards  fell  into  tbe  bunds  of  tbe  Englisb,  and,  being  tiic,| 
auil  condemned  as  a  rebel,  was,  on  Stl  Jime,  Ki/O,  (wocuted  at  Jioston ;  imnii 
to  ,be  grief  of  sueb  exr('llent  men  as  Gookin  and  Kliot. 

Altbongli  sometbiug  bad  been  done  towards  Cbristianiziug  the  Intiinns  in 
PlimoiUb  colony,  about  a  year  before  Mr.  Eliot^s  first  visit  to  Nonr.ntnin,  v-t 
for  some  years  after,  Ab-issaebusctts  was  considerably  in  advance  in  tbis  n  spiVi. 
Somi!  of  tbe  jirincipal  congregations  or  praying  towns  follow  : — 

At  Meesbawn,  since  I'rovincetown  or  Trin-o,  and  I'uiionaUanit,  sinro  \]\]. 
lingsgate,  were  7^  jtersons ;  at  Potanumaijunt,  or  Nauset,  in  I''astbam,  11 ;  ;,. 
Blonamoyik,  since  Cbatliani,  71 ;  at  riawkattukctt,  in  llarwicb  ;  Nobs(|a>sif,  n, 
Yarmoiitli ;  at  31atakees,  in  Harnstabli!  and  ^  armoutb  ;  and  Wee(|uak:ii,  ji, 
Barnstable,  V22  ;  at  Satuit,  l'aw|)oesii,  Coatuit,  in  IJarnstable,  Masbpee,  \Vjikii. 
qnet,  near  Masbpee,  !t5 ;  at  Codtanmut,  in  iAlasbpee,  Asbinuiit,  on  tiic  wi«t 
line  of  Masb|)ee,  Weesipiobs,  in  Sandwicb,  '2'2 ;  I'ispogiitt,  Wawayoiit.u  ii, 
Wari'bani,  Sokones,  in  KalmoiUb,  .'3(J.  In  all  tbese  |)laces  wen.'  Aifi  souls;  !|,' 
of  wbom  could  read,  and  72  write  Indian,  and  0  could  read  English.  Tins 
acc(junt  was  furnished  Major  Gookin  in  l(i74,  by  th<!  Rev.  Richard  Jiuurm  „\ 
Sandwich.  Plnlip^s  war  broke  up  many  of  thes(!  connnunities,  but  tlic  uuik 
continued  long  alter  it  dwindled  to  almost  nothing  in  Massachusetts.  In  lii-j 
there  were  14.'il!>  considered  as  Christian  Indians  in  I'limouth  colony. 

3Ii'.  Thonuts  Mujjlmv  Jr.  settled  in  INlartba's  Vineyard,  called  by  the  Iiidiaiis 
JVope,  in  1(J42,  He  was  acconi|)anied  by  a  few  English  families,  who  mailu 
liim  their  minister;  but  not  being  satisfied  Avith  so  limited  nsefidness,  he  Icani- 
ed  the  Indian  language,  and  began  to  preach  to  tlu-m.     His  fii-st  convert  was 

Hiacoomes,  in  Jti-l:},  a  man  of  small  repute  among  his  own  people,  winw 
residence  was  at  Great  Harbor,  near  where  tbe  Englisb  fii-st  settled.  He  was 
regularly  ordained  22  August,  1070,  but  he  began  to  [)reacb  in  1(!4().  Jok 
Tokinosh  was  at  the  same  time  ordained  teacher.  His  residence  was  !it  \niii. 
pang,  on  the  east  end  of  tbe  island.  He  died  22  January,  1(>84,  and  Hiucnoms 
preached  his  funeral  sermon.  For  some  years  before  his  death  Hiacoomes  wa 
Minble  to  preach.  He  was  s\ii)i)osed  to  have  been  about  80  years  oldr.ttiie 
time  of  his  death,  which  happened  about  KiDO. 

Pahkelipunnassoo,  sachem  of  Cliai)i)e(|uiddik,  was  a  great  opposer  of  the 
gospel,  and  at  one  time  beat  Hiacoomes  for  professing  a  belief  of  it.  Not  Imii! 
after,  as  himself  and  another  were  at  work  ujum  a  chimney  of  their  cabin,  tiny 
were  both  knocked  down  by  lightning,  and  tbe  latter  killed.  Pahkehpunmism 
fell  partly  in  the  fire,  and  but  for  bis  friends  would  have  perished.  Win  tli'r 
this  escape  awakened  him,  is  not  mentioned ;  but  he  soon  after  becaiiic  a 
Christian,  and  Mr.  Mayhew  aptly  observes  that  "at  last  he  was  a  brand  plucked 
out  of  the  fire." 

Miohqsuo,  or  M>)oxeo,  was  another  noted  Indian  of  Nope.  Ho  was  a  coiivcii 
of  Hiacoomes,  wliom  lie  bad  sent  for  to  incpiirc  of  bin!  about  bis  (iod.  W- 
asked  Hiacoomes  how  many  gods  be  had,  and  on  being  told  but  ONE,  iiiiiiie- 
diately  reckoned  U[)  37  of  his,  and  desired  to  know  whether  be  should  tliiow 
them  all  away  for  one.  On  biMng  told  by  Hiacoomes  that  he  had  thrown  a\v(i\  all 
those  and  many  more,  and  was  better  off  by  so  doing,  .Wo/k/soo  rn'u],  he  wdiilil 
forthwith  throw  away  his,  which  he  did,  and  became  one  of  tbe  most  eiiiiiiiT.t 
of  the  Indian  converts.  One  of  his  children,  a  son,  sailed  for  Englainl  in 
1057,  with  Mr.  Thomas  Mayhew  Jr.,  in  a  ship  connnanded  by  Ca])taiii  Jaims 
Garrett,  and  was  never  lieard  of  after.  The  time  of  tbe  death  of  .Miohqsoo  is 
imknown,  but  be  lived  to  a  great  age. 

Among  the  Mohegans  and  Narragansets  nothing  of  any  account  was  cflirt- 
ed,  in  tlu!  way  of  Christianizing  them,  \hv  a  long  time.  The  chief  sachems  of 
those  nations  were  determined  and  fixed  against  it,  and  though  it  was  from 
tiiue  to  time  urged  uj)on  them,  yet  very  little  \va:s  ever  done. 


[BtjOE  II 

some  otliprs." 

t    otV    Witll   l',!,. 

•(•iiiimny  then' 
'iiii^  alioiit  :i(/ii 
y  tiifiii.  Tlun 
"to  that  of  ilii'ir 
(•(■(■iiil)('r,  l('i?.'i. 
11(1,  iH'iiii:  trill 
IJostoii ;  iimi-, 

;  tho  Iiuliiiiisiii 
Noiwuitiiin,  V'l 
I  ill  this  r('s|M'(i. 

caiiit,  sinrp  Hi;. 
'.asthain,  11:  ;,t 
;  Nohs(iassit,  111 
Wi'fqiiak-.il,  in 
ilashiicf,  NViiku. 
lit,  on  the  \vi>t 
VVawavoutnt.  in 
;4(;2suiils;  ni 
Eujriish.  Tins 
•Jiard  Boimii  4 
es,  but  tiic  work 
lusotts.  la  liiNJ 
•olony. 

(1  l)y  tlio  Iiuliiiii? 
lilit'S,  who  iiiaili; 
liiliu'ss,  hi'  It'iini- 
i-st  convert  was 
'u  |H'oplt',  winw 
settled.  He  wii; 
h  in  lt)4t).  John 
ice  was  at  Niim- 
4,  ami  Hiumoms 
h  Hiacoonus  \yii 
years  old  i.t  the 

;  opposer  of  the 

of  it.     ISot  li)iii! 

their  cal)iii,thiy 
(Mchpunnasm 

shed.  AVIioth'T 
after  l)eciuiio  a 
11  brand  plwkd 

he  was  a  commit 
]t  his  God.  He 
lit  ONE,  iiiime- 
lh(!  slionld  tliiwv 
Itiirowii  away  all 
|o  f^'aid,  he  woiihl 
lie  most  eiiiiiit'iit 
J  for  Eiifiiiiiiil  ill 
ly  Cajitaiii  Jma 
|[i  of  Miohqsoo  \i 

loimt  was  efl'pot- 
hiel'saclienisot 
jgh  it  was  from 


rii' 


;.,Vil] 


PRAYING  INDIANS.— OCCUM. 


110 


•••vMPfo^  OccuM,  or,  na  his  name  is  spelt  in  n  sermon  *  of  liiti,  Ocrom,  was  a 
M  ili'^an,  of  tiie  tiimily  of  Bcnoni  Ocaim,  who  resided  near  Xi'\\'  Loiulu!),  in 
..',,, I,  ("(.jiciit.  lie  was  the  fii"st  of  tliat  tribe  who  was  eonspieuoiis  in  nii'.'ion, 
t'lin'  iIk'  ""'.v  one.  lie  was  iiorn  in  17;i'{,  and  heeomiiifj  attached  to  tin;  Rev. 
Flinzar  IVhrdock,  the  minister  of  Iiel)anon  in  Connecticnl,  in  1711  he  iii'c.ino 
•I'ci^ristiaii.t  I'ossessiiiij  talents,  and  frreat  ]>iety,  iNlr.  ffheelo'-l;  eiitertnini'd 
!:  ii"iiiiie  liopes  that  he  would  be  abl(!  to  effect  much  anionic  his  coimtryiii"M 
iV;i  iirciichcr  of  th(^  fros|tel.  He  went  to  I'iiijrland  in  17()5  to  itrocnre  aid  lur 
ilr  kci'i'i'ir  "1'  ^^  "  ^'■''""'  ^'"''  ^''*'  instruction  of  Indian  children,  which  wiis 
!„  .riiii  hv  Mr.  ff'lieclock,  and  furthered  i»y  a  IMr.  Moore,  by  u  donation  of  a 
;ih()(il  iioiise  and  land,  about  17(j;{.  While  in  Enjjland  he  was  introduced  to 
Ldiil  IMrfmouth,  i\Ui\  other  eminent  jiersons.  lie  ])reaclied  there  to  crowds 
(I,'  iicoplc,  and  returned  to  America  in  Se|)tember,  17(18,  havin;,'  landed  at 
IjM-tdii  on  his  return,  t  It  is  said  he  was  the  lirst  Imlian  that  preached 
jii  !",ii<rliuid.  lie  was  ordained,  in  175!>,  a  preacher  to  tin;  MoiitauUs  on  L. 
i«!,'.iuC  About  this  time  he  visited  Mk;  Clierok(  es.  lie  finally  settled  among 
tji  ■  Oneida  IndinIl^,  with  many  of  his  iMolie>.'an  brethren,  about  17(!8  ;  t!i(>y 
ii,  viim  Iti'cn  invited  by  the  Oneidas.  He  died  in  July,  17!>y,  at  N.  t^fock- 
1  liiliTc,  N.  York,  ajred  tii). 

T'tnha  is  noticed  in  the  annals  of  New  England,  from  her  participation  in 
till  \\it('li  tragedies  acted  here  in  IG'Jl.  In  a  vahuible  work  giving  a  history  of 
ti|;;t  liorrihlc  delusion,  §  mention  is  thus  made  of  her.  "It  was  the  latter  end  of 
rtliniiirv,  Kii'l,  when  divers  young  persons  bcdonging  to  [Rev.]  Mr.  Parris''} 
fiimilv,  and  one  more  of  the  neigliborhond,  began  to  act  atler  a  strange  ant 
iiiii;<ii;il  iiiaiiner,  viz.,  as  by  getting  into  holes,  and  creeping  under  cjiairs  am 
stools,  null  to  usf,'  other  sundry  odd  postmvs,  and  aritiir  gestures,  uttering  fool- 
i.-li,riiruMilous  speeches,  which  neither  they  themselves  nor  any  others  could 
iimkn  sense  of."  "March  the  lltli,  Mr.  Parris  invited  several  ntsighhoring 
ministers  to  join  with  him  in  keeping  a  solemn  day  of  jirayer  at  his  own 
limisr ;  the  time  of  th(!  exercise;  those;  persons  were,  for  the  most  part,  silent, 
l»iit  after  any  one  jirayiu"  was  ended,  they  would  act  and  speak  strangely,  ;md 
liiitiiloiisly,  y<'t  were  such  as  had  b'UMi  well  educated  and  of  gooil  l)cha\ior, 
tlie  one  a  girl  of  1 1  or  1*2  years  old,  would  sometimes  seeiii  to  be;  in  a  convid- 
Hnii  fit,  iier  linibs  being  twisted  several  ways,  and  m  ry  stiff,  but  presenrly  her 
tit  \v;;iil(l  he  over.  A  few  days  befon;  this  solemn  day  of  jirayer,  .^Ir.  Parris'' 
liiiliaii  man  and  woman,  made  a  cake  of  rye  meal,  with  tin;  children's  watei:, 
a!ii!  baked  it  in  the  ashes,  and,  as  it  is  said,  gave  to  tin-  dog  ;  this  was  (\o\w  as 
a  liK-aiis  to  discover  witchcraft.  Soon  after  which  those  ill-afTected  or  aflllcted 
prsoiis  named  several  thai  tney  said  they  saw,  wtien  in  their  fits,  afllieting  of 
tlieni.  The  first  com|)laiiied  (  -us  the  said  Indian  woman,  nanuMl  T'diiha. 
She  rniii'essed  that  the  devil  urged  her  to  sign  a  booic,  which  Ik;  presfMited  to 
In  r,  and  also  to  v  ork  mischief  to  the  childriMi,  (!v:c.  8he  was  afterwards  coin- 
initti'd  to  prison,  and  lay  there  till  sold  for  her  fees.  The;  account  sin;  since 
;rivrsof  it  is,  that  her  master  did  beat  her,  and  otherwise  abuse  her,  to  make 
liiv  cnnfess  and  accuse  (such  as  he  called)  her  sister  witches;  and  thtit  what- 
soever she  said  by  way  of  confessing  or  Jiccusing  others,  was  the  eflect  of 
siieli  nsage ;  her  master  refused  to  pay  her  fees,  unless  she  would  stand  to 
\s\\\\\  she  had  said." 

We  are  able  to  add  to  our  information  of  Titubn  from  anotlier  old  and 
('iirii)ie.  work,^[  as  follows: — T'  nt  when  sIk;  was  examined  she  "confessed 
till'  making  a  cake,  as  is  above  mentioned,  and  said  her  mistress  in  ln-r  own 
loiiMtry  was  a  witch,  and  had  taught  her  some  means  to  be  used  for  the 
iliscdvcy  of  a  witch  and  lor  the  prevention  of  being  bewitcli<Ml,  &c.,  but  said 
"that  she  hersidf  was  not  a  witch."  The  children  who  accused  her  said  "that 
she  (lid  piiich,  prick,  and  grievously  torment  them  ;  and  that  they  saw  her  here 

*  At  iIk^  I'xeciuioii  o\'  Mi)Kf.<:  Punt,  for  murder,  at  New  Haven,  2  Seplcmlier,  1772.  To  liis 
lelior  U)  Mr.  Ki-i'ii,  liis  luinie  is  Occitm. 

f  l.i'o  Dr.  ]VheeliH-k.  \G.  I  His  bettor  to  Mr.  Kem,  in  Life  Wheelor/c,  175. 

^  Wniiders  of  liic  Invisible  WorM,  l>y  It.  Ctlef,  90,  91,  4lo.   I.nmlon.  1700. 

jl  ■■Samiifl  I'ttris,  pnstor  nf  ilio  cliurrli  in  Saloni-villnsje."  Modi\tl  f-'jirjiiirii  into  the  Xahire 
cf  W'ilflicnif'.  Iiy  John  Hair-,  pastor  of  the  church  m  lieverly,  p.  23,  KJiuo.  Boston,  1702. 

II  Modest  Enquiry,  &c.  25. 


*:i^f '!■*.)■  ■■'■■T^ 


'*■.■••  ■  ''■ 


\:^m 


"1* 


•^i 


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v.. 

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'r->.l 

■'^  % 

%. 

'      i- 

ill 

i.fB 


120 


TITUB  A. —WITCHCRAFT. 


[Book  1I 


and  tli'i-e,  where  nobody  else  could.  Yen,  tliey  coidd  tell  where  she  was,  am] 
what  she  did,  when  out  of  theu*  iuimnii  niglit."  Whether  ilie  nutlior  \v,rj 
witness  to  this  lie  does  not  sjiy ;  but  probably  he  AViis  not.  Co  tliroiij.'li  thi" 
tvliole  of  our  early  writers,  and  you  will  scarce  find  one  who  witncssfil  sikI 
matters:  (Dr.  Cotton  Mather  is  nearest  to  an  exception.^  But  they  gpurriHv 
preface  such  marvellous  accounts  l)y  obseniiifr,  "I  am  slow  t((  beli((ve  riiiiidr. 
of  tills  nature,  nevertlielcss,  some  things  I  have  had  certain  information  (it?'  - 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Fe/^t  gives  the  following  extract  from  the  "(inarterly  Cmin 
Pajiers."  "March  1st.  Sarah  Osbom,  Sarah  and  Dorothy  Good,  Titulm,  sirvin.t 
of  Mr.  Parris,  Martha  Conj,  Rebecca  JVurse,  Sarah  Cloyce,  John  Proctor  mid  In. 
wife  Elizabeth,  all  of  Salem  villuge,  arc  committed  to  Boston  jail  on  chargt  of 
witchcraft." 

Th(!  other  servant  of  Mr.  Parris  was  the  husband  of  Tituha,  whose  naiiM 
was  John.  It  was  a  charge  against  them  that  they  had  tried  means  to  disoovfr 
witches.  But  there  is  little  probability  that  these  ignorant  and  simple  Iiulijim 
would  ever  have  thought  of  "  trying  a  project "  for  the  detection  of  witeln  *, 
bad  they  not  learned  it  from  some  more  miserably  superKtitions  wh'fi  persfins. 
We  have  the  very  record  to  justify  this  stricture. ^  Take  the  words.  ".!/(,„ 
Sibly  having  confessed,  that  she  innocently  counselled  John,  the  Indian,  to 
attempt  a  (liscovcry  of  witches,  is  permitted  to  commune  with  Mr.  Panii 
church.  She  had  been  previously  disciplined  for  such  counsel  and  appcan.l 
well."  We  are  not  told  tvho  disciplined  her  for  the  examination.  Was  it  Mr, 
Parris  7 

This  is  the  oniy  instance  I  have  met  with  of  Indirns  being  implicated  in 
white  witchcraft. 

»  /.  Mather's  Brief  Hist.  Philip's  War,  3-1. 

t  In  his  valuable  Annals  of  Salem,  303. 

I  Danvcrs  Records,  published  by  the  author  last  cited. 


END   OF   BOOK   SECOND. 


m 


BIOGRAPHY  AND   HISTORY 


OF   THH 


INDIANS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BOOK  III. 


is 

,,ii, 


M    ;>'i 


•i;'S??^?^^ 


BIOGRAPH 


Life  of  Alexande 
Wkktamoo  his 
— Wcclavwo't,  lai 

SAMUN—  //W    COU 

istcr — Settles  at 
the  plots  of  Phih 
condemned  and  i 


Alexander  wa 
name  appeal's  at  fi 
lastly  Alexander. 
we  tiiid  liiiii  notice 
Jiis  younger  brotli 
court  of  Plimouth 
cnior  called  the  el 
two  Macedonian  In 
tcred  tlieir  vanities 

Akxandtr  appeal 
the  course  of  this 
saclietn  of  verj'  ( 

IlcicrJlboi'S. 

Namumpum,  afle 
tli(>  wife  of  Mexani 
willing  to  join  Phil 
by  I  iin  that  they  ht 
a  |)rince  as  any  rou 
her  comtnand." 

Alexander  having 
a<  has  lieen  related 
came  to  Plimouth,  £ 
the  records. 

"I,  JVamumpum, 
[l<Jo9,j  before  the  g( 
title  of  such  lands  ai 
nppoeres  by  deeds 
proniise  to  remoue  l 
court  the  F;.id  fVanu 


BOOK    III. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND    HISTORY   OF  THE    NEW  ENG- 
LAND INDIANS  CONTINUED. 


%.  <'- 


ml .. 

■■•:i,i,'v?;i^«s 


CHAPTER  I. 

life  of  Alkxander  alias  Wamsutta — Events  which  led  to  war  with  Philip— 
Weetamoo  his  wife — Earlij  events  in  her  life — Pktananukt,  hrr  second  husband 
—IVcctamoo' i>  latter  career  and  death-  -J^iuigret — Death  of  Alexander — John  Sas- 
sAMoN-rt(A  country  and  connections — Becomes  a  christian — Schoolmaster — Min- 
igttrSettles  at  Assaicomstt — Felix  marries  his  daughter — Sassamon  discovers 
tlic  plots  of  Philip — Is  viurdereU — Proceedings  against  the  murderers — They  art 
condemned  and  tyecuted. 

Alexander  was  the  English  name  of  the  elder  son  of  Massasoit.  His  real 
name  appeal's  at  first  to  have  been  Mooanam,  and  afterwards  Wamsutta,  and 
lastly  Alexander.  The  name  of  Mooanam  lie  bore  as  early  as  1639  ;  in  1(J41 
we  tiiitl  liim  noticed  under  the  name  Wamsvtla.  About  the  year  IGSG,  he  and 
jiis  yotaiger  brother,  Metacomet,  or  rather  Pometacom,  were  brought  to  the 
court  of  Plimouth,  and  being  solicitous  to  receive  English  names,  the  gov- 
ernor called  the  elder  Alexander,  and  the  younger  Philip,  probably  from  the 
two  Macedonian  heroes,  which,  on  being  explained  to  them,  might  have  flat- 
tered their  vanities  ;  and  which  was  probably  the  intention  of  the  governor. 

Alexander  appears  pretty  early  to  have  set  up  for  himself,  as  will  be  seen  in 
the  coarse  of  this  chapter ;  occasioned,  perhaps,  by  his  marrying  a  female 
sachem  of  ver}'  considerable  authority,  and  in  great  esteem  among  her 
neighhoi-s. 

Namumpdm,  afterwards  called  Weetamoo,  squaw-sachem  of  Pocasset,  was 
the  wife  of  Alexander  ;  and  who,  as  says  an  anonymous  writer,*  was  more 
willing  10  join  Philip  when  he  l)egan  war  upon  the  English,  being  persuaded 
bv  I  iin  that  they  had  poisoned  her  husband.  This  author  calls  her  "  as  potent 
a  |)riiice  as  any  round  about  her,  and  hath  as  much  com,  land,  and  men,  at 
her  command." 

Alexander  having,  in  1G53,  sold  a  tract  of  the  territory  acquired  by  his  wife, 
as  has  l)een  related  in  the  life  of  Massasoit,  about  six  years  after,  Weetamoo 
came  to  Plimouth,  and  the  following  account  of  her  business  is  contained  in 
the  records. 

"I,  M'amumpum,  of  Pokeesett,  hauing,  in  open  court,  June  last,  fifty-nine, 
[KJo'J,]  b(;fore  the  governour  and  majestrates,  surrendered  up  all  that  rigiit  and 
title  of  such  lands  as  Woosamequi.i  and  Wamsetta  sould  to  the  purchasers  ;  as 
nppoeres  by  deeds  giuen  vnder  theire  hands,  as  alsoe  the  said  JVamumpum 
proDiise  to  remoue  the  Indians  of  from  those  lands  ;  and  alsoe  att  the  same 
court  the  f;  id  Wamsutta  promised  JVamumpum  the  third  part  of  the  pay,  as  ia 

*  Old  Indian  Clirouiclc,  p.  6. 


ilLLlJ 


'mm 


':J^::^m 


■•f5'j.n;ilj 

"V  1(4 


'^ 


1''  ' 


-fl 


■'/•.'  • 


v4-  tm-f 


■.,■!••  •;,*^"";.c';ij 


■•V:**S  :.' ■   l^ilP 


I  fe»>a 


ALEXANDER.— WEKTAMO. 


al^^ 


[nooK  III 


PxprcHsrd  in  tlio  (Icod  of  wliicli  |tiijtiii'iit  A'r;/(»m/<i/m  hniic  ncfiiicd  nf  J,,;,^ 
(V)()Ac,  this  (!  (it'Oct.  I(m!»:  tlirsc  |iartinilm-s  as  Inljuwriii :  ilnii  ;  'iO //'/n/,»/(/,|f 
tradiiifr  tl(ith,'2  i/arils  ml  iultuii,'i  pnirc  (iJ'.slioois,ll  piiln  iit(><lii>ifj;.i,ii  lirmi, 
hoes  timl  I  <nr  ;  And  doe  ackimuh'd;.'"'  irci  iiicd  liy  nif,  i\ aml.mi>l>i." 
VVilui's,x('d  by  Squabscn,  H'uhutntuhiiualt,  and  two  llnj^disli. 


WJl 


TlniH  this  land  affair  HrcniH  to  iuivi-  ixcn  ainical)ly  «rttlrd  ;  liiit  llir  sim,. 
year  t>i\llts(iiiihr\s  dratii,  wlictiicr  lufurc  or  allcr  wt;  an-  not  assiind,  Xamni}!. 
iium  apiicart-d  at  I'linioutli,  and  <'(irn|ilainrd  tliat  ff'amsiiltit  had  sold  si)riii>  (f 
Im  r  land  witliont  licr  consent.  "'I'lic  court  a;frct.'d  to  tloc  wiiat  tlicy  imiiii 
in  conncnicnt  time  ti>r  her  relict'." 

Wt!  ajiiirehend  there  was  s<iine  little  difficulty  between  *1lexander  niid  ji^ 
wife  about  this  time,  especially  if  her  com|ilaint  were  before  his  death,  (iiii| 
W(^  are  rather  ot'  the  opiifion  that  it  was,  lor  it  was  June  when  her  coiii|i|;iiii| 
was  made,  and  we  should  assi^^n  a  little  later  date  for  the  death  of  her  hnsliainl; 
and  therefore  all  dilliculty  was  settled  in  his  deaih. 

On  the  H  April,  KItil,  ff'atiisullii  deeded  the  tract  of  country  siia-e  call,! 
Uehobotli  to  Thomas  H'itUt  "  for  a  valuable  considerati(»n."*  What  timi  \\■,^^ 
the  deed  does  not  inlitrm  us  ;  but  we  may  venture  to  question  the  fact,  tlirif 
the  consideration  had  in  truth  been  valuable^  it  would  luive  appean'd  in  |||,. 
deed,  and  not  have  been  ke|)t  out  of  sif?ht. 

What  time  jVainumpiim  deeded  land  to  Joliu  Saiiford  nm\  John  Arrhrr,  w,. 
art!  not  informed,  but  it  was  |)robably  about  the  be^fiiniiii};' of  Uifi'i.  ft  v  i>a 
d<!cd  (if  },'ill,  and  ajipears  to  have  been  only  <h'eded  to  tiiem  to  prcviii  ||ir 
liusband's  st^llin^  it ;  but  these  men,  it  ueems,  attempted  tu  hold  the  laiuj  a 
violation  of  their  promiw  ;  liowever,  lieing  a  woincm  of  pcirseverance,  she  xi 
managed  the  mattt^r,  that,  in  the  your  lliOc*,  she  found  vvitiu'sse.s  who  (1(|kwi| 
to  the  true  meaning  of  the  (feed,  and  tlius  was,  we  presume,  restored  tu  liw 
righttiil  i)osHe.ssions. 

Since  we  have  been  thus  ptu'tici'lar  in  acquainting  tlie  reader  with  tlic  nil"; 
of  Wama\Uta,  we  will,  l)efore  proceeding  with  our  account  of  the  luisltiini!, 
sjiy  all  that  we  have  ti)  say  of  the  interesting  IVeetamoo. 

Soon  afler  the  death  of  Alexander,  we  find  JVamumpum,  or  fVeetamoo,  as«n. 
ciated  with  another  husband,  named  Petonoivotvet.  He  was  well  known  lo 
the  English,  and  went  by  the  familiar  name  of  Ben.  Now,  unless  Ptto-tmi:- 
owet,  or  Pe-ian-a-nutt  has  been  coiTupted  into  Pkter  Nunnuit,  wc  huh 
allow  her  to  liave  had  a  third  huslKind  in  1675.  We,  howev(!r,  are  well  satis- 
fied that  these  two  names  are,  as  they  ap])enr  to  be,  one  and  the  same  iiiuiic 

Thishvisband  of  fVeetamoo  does  not  a[)pear  to  have  been  of  so  much  iai|iiir' 
tance  as  her  first,  Wnmsutta ;  and  as  he  only  ap])ears  occasit)iially  in  iln 
crowd,  we  are  of  opinion  that  .she  took  good  care  in  taking  a  second  liiisiinnd, 
and  fixed  upon  one  that  she  was  better  able  to  manage  than  she  was  the  de- 
tcrmined  Wamautta. 

On  the  8  May,  1(573,  Tatamomock,  Petonowoicttt,  and  William  alias  Ijnml:'. 
sold  to  JVathaniel  Paine  of  Kehoboth,  and  Hufrh  Cole  of  Swansey,  a  idt  of 
land  in  Swansey,  near  Mattajwiset,  and  Showamet  neck,  for  £.'}.5  5s.  }Vcet(tnm. 
Philip  abas  fVagusoke,  ami  Steven  alias  JVucano,  were  the  Indian  witucssis, 

About  the  same  time,  one  Piowant  was  intruded  tipon  by  some  otlifrs 
claiming  his  lands,  or  otherwise  molesting  him,  and  the  business  secnis  to 
have  undergone  a  legal  scrutiny  ;  in  this  affair  both  Wedamoo  and  licr  liiis- 
band  appear  upon  our  record.s.  They  testify  that  the  tract  of  land  boiinilifl 
by  a  small  river  or  brook  callcui  Mnstucksett,  wliich  compasseth  said  tract  to 
Assonett  River,  and  so  to  Taunton  River,  [by  trees,  &c.]  hath  for  many  years 
been  in  the  possession  at  Piowant.  The  jdaceof  the  bounds  on  Taunton  Hivir 
was  called  Chippascuitt,  which  was  a  little  south  of  Ma.stiicksett.  Panlamd. 
Qvnnomn,  JS/'escanoo,  and  Panoivwin,  testified  the  same. 

It  does  not  ai)pear  that  Peta-nnn-n-et  was  at  all  concenied  in  Philip^s  war 
against  the  English,  but,  on  the  contrary,  forsook  his  wifb  and  joined  tluiii 
against  her.  Under  such  a  leader  as  Church,  he  must  have  been  ciiii)lo\  J 
against  his  countrymen  with  great  advantage.     At  the  time  he  catne  over  to 

*  See  the  Hist,  of  Attleborough,  by  John  Daggett,  Esq.,  p.  G,  where  the  deed  is  preserved. 


P 


[Hook  III. 

M'f'lnrd  111"  J„||,| 
;  '10  jl'lnl.ililnr 

ill'LM." 


;  but  llic  smiic 
iHiiri'il,A'(HiMm- 

I   sold  siiiiir  I'!' 
k'liat  tiicj   mill,! 

ixander  and  \m 

'.    Ills    tlllllll,  (lll^l 

I  liiT  t'"iii|il;rnii 
ul'  lici*  liiHlmml; 

itry  sii nilhl 

VVIiiit  timt  \\;w 

I  tlic  fart,  I'lirif 
apprarril  in  ilr 

John  .hrhr,  w,' 
'  Mn.     llv,«a 

II  to  piTVi'M  liir 
11)1(1  tlu-  land  iR 
wivi-raiiff,  slic  <ii 
scs  who  dciMitiil 
>,  restored  to  hw 

lor  with  tlic  nil'.' 
of  the  husliaiiil, 

r  fVeetnmoo,  iis^n- 

well  known  lo 

unless  Ptto-noK- 

NNUIT,  W(!   nillJl 

r,  ani  well  satir- 
ic same  uniiic 
so  imicli  iiiiiior- 
■usioiially  in  iln: 
second  liiislianil, 

she  was  the  do- 

am  alias  Ijimrb, 
vvansey,  a  lot  nf 
}5  5s.    jyeeUnm, 
ian  w  ituisscs. 

by  sonic  otlirR 
nsiness  scciiis  to 
100  and  licr  liii>- 
of  land  lioiini'.iil 
;('th  said  tract  w 
ii  for  many  years 
)ii  Taunton  Uivir 

sett,    Panlmisil 

Id  in  Philip's  war 
]and  joined  tlioin 
been  einidoy?d 
|in  camo  over  to 

I  deed  is  preserved, 


CM*r.  I] 


ALKXANDER.— WKETAMO. 


.  ,  I'liiflinh,  ho  no  doubt  e.x|M;cte(l  his  wife  would  do  the  wutie,  a«  slin  j^nvo 
('hurrh  to  iMidei-slaial  as  imifli.     Alh-r  the  war  lie  was  honored  with  a  eom- 

nil  over  (lie  laisoiMTs,  wlio  were  prrntitted  lo  reside  in  the  country  be- 
i""(ii  Seiiecaii  and  I)  inioiith.  jVumjm.'i,  or  JVoinpnsh,  and  Isanc  were  al«o 
;,,  ilie  same  ollici". 

Viler  iMr.  Churrh  lefl  ^hviishouks^  coiuieil,  n  few  dayH  before  the  war  brf)ke 
lit  lie  met  with  both  //'((/(jmoo  and  her  husband  at  I'ocasset.  Me  first  met 
'\ It'll  llie  liiisband, /*<V("i""iu/,  who  had  just  arrived  in  a  canoe  from /ViiVi//* 
I ,  111  (luiutei-s  at  iMoiint  Ho|»e.  lie  told  CViun/i  there  would  ci-rtainly  Ih?  war, 
i;'n'  liiat  /'/'i7i7>  had  lndd  a  war  dance  of  several  weeks,  and  had  entertained 
llic  youiif;  men  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  lie  said,  also,  that  Philip  ex- 
iMcifd  to  be  si-nt  for  to  IMimoutb,  about  Siu<tmumm\H  death,  knowiiif,'  himself 
L'uiliv  of  contriving  lln't  murder.  Pctniuiniiii  fiiil her  said,  that  he  saw  iMr. 
Jiimii  Brown  of  Hwaiisey,  and  iMr.  Sainud  florinn,  who  was  an  interpiet(!r, 
„iid  two  othi'r  men  that  brouifht  a  letter  from  the  governor  of  IMimoutb  to 
I'hiliii,  /'/ii7iy''»  yoiuif,' warriors,  he  said,  would  have  killed  JMr.  Wroit>/i,  but 
I'hilip  t(d(l  them  they  must  not,  lor  his  liither  had  charj^ed  him  to  show  kind- 
ii,.<s  to  liim;  but  to  satisfy  them,  tolil  them,  that  on  tla;  next  Sunday,  when 
the  I'jiirlish  bail  J?'>'i''  t"  miieting,  they  might  iihinder  their  bouses,  and  uller- 
wards  iiili  their  <'attle. 

Mcanwliile  H'lfUimoo  was  at  her  camp  just  back  from  Pocasset  shore,  on 
tlic  liiu'li  hill  "  ''<•''' '"  ^l'*'  '"•'■'''  •'*"  ^vliat  is  now  llowland's  ferry,  and  Pdana- 
nuet  nijMcsted  iMr.  Church  to  jro  u|)  and  see  her.  lie  did  so,  au<l  found  her  in 
liitiicr  a  melancholy  mood,  all  her  men  having  lefl  lier  uiul  gone  to  Pliilip'a 
war  (lance,  much,  she  said,  against  her  will. 

Church,  (dated  with  his  sue. -ess  at  ^Iwashonhs^  camp,  and  thinking  both 
"(Miccns"  secured  to  tlu!  Knglish  int(!rest,  hastened  to  Plimouth  to  giv(«  the 
I  iivcinor  an  account  of  his  discoveries. — This  was  a  day  big  to  Philip  ;  ho 
iiiinii'ditit(dv  look  meiLsiires  to  reclaim  lyretamoo,  and  had  nearly  drawn  off 
.lu'iishonkiwMt  the  vivid  hopes  of  coiui;    st  iiiid  booty. 

tf'niamoo  could  no  longer  remain  neutral;  iIk^  idea  still  Jiarrowed  u[)on  her 
inind,  that  the  authorities  of  I'liiiKMith  had  jioisoned  her  former  husband,*  and 
was  now  sure  that  tla^y  had  seduced  her  present  one  ;  theivfore,  from  tho 
power  of  su(  h  arguments,  when  urg(Ml  by  the  artful  Philip,  then!  was  no 
(•sciiiie  or  resistance.  Ilenc(!  his  fortune  becaiin'  her  own,  and  she  moved 
witii  liini  from  place  to  plac(!  about  her  dominions,  in  tla;  country  of  I'ocassiJt, 
until  the  ."lO  .liily,  when  all  tin;  VVampanoags  escaped  out  (jf  a  swaiii|>,  and 
retired  into  tlu!  (loiintry  of  the.  i\i|)miiks.  From  this  tiua;  fyednmon's  opera- 
tions hccoiiie  so  blended  with  those  of  her  allies,  that  the  life  of  Philip  takes 
a|i  the  iiarration. 

Whin,  by  intestine  divisions,  tin-  jiower  of  Philip  was  destroyed  among  tho 
.\il»nincks, '/rcc/rtmoo  seems  to  hav(>  been  deserted  by  iilmost  all  her  l(>llo\v(!|-s, 
and,  like  Plvlip,  she  sought  refuge  again  in  her  own  country.  It  was  upon  tho 
(i.\i|i,'iist,  ll)7l),  when  she  arrived  upon  the  western  bank  of  T(!hticut  River  in 
.Mctlajioisi't,  where,  as  was  then  sii]»i)ose(l,  she  was  drowiied  by  acci(l(>nt,  in 
att(iii|iting  to  cross  th(!  river  to  I'ocasset,  at  the  sumi!  point  she  liad  crossed 
the  year  befon!  in  her  flight  w'llU  Philip. 

Her  com[)any  consisted  now  of  no  more  than  20  men,  whereas,  in  the;  bo- 
triiniiii!.' of  the  war,  they  amounted  to  800;  and  she  was  considered  by  tho 
Englisli  "next  unto  Philip  in  respect  of  tin;  niiscliief  that  hath  been  (l()ne."t 
Till'  Eiurlisli  at  Taunton  were  notified  by  a  deserter  of  her  situation,  who 
onircil  to  lead  smy  that  would  go,  in  a  way  that  they  might  easily  surprise  Ikt 
and  her  company.  Accordingly,  20  men  volunteered  upon  this  enterprise;, 
and  succeeihul  in  ca])turing  all  but  /fedrt/noo,  "who,"  according  to  Mr.  Huh- 
hnrdl  "intending  to  make  tin  escai)e  from  the  diuigiu",  attempted  to  get  over  a 
rivi'r  orarin  of  tb(!  sea  near  by,  u|)on  a  raf>,  or  some  pieces  of  broken  wood; 
Imt  whether  tired  and  spent  with  swimming,  or  starved  with  cold  and  hunger, 
sIk!  was  tiaiiid  stark  naked  in  Metapoiset,  not  fiir  from  the  water  side,  which 
made  some  think  she  was  fii-st  half  drowned,  and  so  ended  her  wretcb(>d  life." 
"Her  head  Ixiing  cut  off  and  set  upon  a  jjole  in  Tainiton,  wosknov/n  by  some 


*  Old  Indian  (^huonici.e,  p.  U.  \1.  Mather. 

1* 


X  Narrative,  103  and  109. 


/nj:-'-  ill 


':■  .'3.  'M\ 


"  i 


*  ■;  iM 


.  (. 


''■yw  mil 


I'*  '  V 


':•■  :.t  ,■•  ijfl 


■.ii. 


6 


ALEXANDER. 


(Hook  III 


I'll  -'J 


Indians  tlirn  prwoiiiTH  [llirn-,]  wliii-li  Mi>t  tliciii  into  a  liorril>li<  laim  niiirmii,'' 
Mr.  .)/a//((r  iiii|ir()v*'H  iiiMiti  tiiis  ]iiissii^r,  f^iviii);  it  in  a  Ht)lr  iiinrr  to  miji  ii,^ 
tOMttt  of  tlio  liiniN:  "'rlii-y  iiiadr  a  iiiont  lioriil  and  dialioiicai  lanKniai,,,,, 
crying'  out  iliat  it  was  tlirir  iiucmV  litad." 

Till' aiiilioi>  of  Yamoymkn  thus  rcprcHf-nt  Philip  ('iu-a|)in({  from  liic  cnl,! 
gnu)|)  of  llu!  ^lu)Htly  lorni  of  htilnmuo: — 


*'  As  ("mm  tlic  wiiler's  (li'|itli  sln>  riuiii-, 
Willi  ilri|i|)iii;;  loi  ks  iiiiit  liloiilcil  I'niiiic, 
\\  ilil  licr  (lisrolorcil  arim  nIic  llircw 

'i'o  K''<l><|'  '■>■»  )   '■■><li  >l^  SVVlli  III'  tll'W, 


Hit  liolliiw  <rri':iiii  lie  licard  bcliiiiil 
i'oiiir  iniiinliiia;  willi  llii'  lii>«liii;>  wiri.j 
•  N\  li\  llv  Irciiii    WiliiiiKii' .'  slic  (linl 
Hi'iiilii;;  liir  «iir-a\i'  on  lliy  side'  ' 


Altlioiijili  ffWtnmou  doiiiitlcHs  «'sca|)cd  from  Porassct  with  Philip,  yet  i| 
)i|i|i<'ars  tliiit   instead  of  llvintr  to  tjii'  Nijininks  slir  .-^oim  \<rnt  dowiiiiifntlif 

Niantic  intry,  and  liit-   I'ln^disli  inimcdiati'ly  had  news  of  it,  which  ncra. 

"nionrd  till  ir  s('niliii>{  for  .VtHi/f/'d  to  answer  f«)r  harhoriiif,'  their  ciieniy,  as  in 
liis  lill'  has  heen  related. 

In  this  I'onnection  it  should  lie  noted,  tliat  tho  time  lind  e\|iired,  in  wliidi 
JViniicni  liy  his  deputies  aj;ri'ed  to  deliver  up  H'lelamon,  some  tmie  pre\iiiihtii 
the  >,M-eat  lijiht  in  Narrafjanset,  and  henee  this  was  seized  npoti,  as  one  \m\v\\ 
litr  in\ailin}i  the  Narrajjansets.  And  moreover,  it  was  sjiid,  that  if  she  wip: 
taken  hy  that  formididile  army  of  a  1000  men,  "  her  lands  woidd  ninii' than 
|)ay  all  the  eharj,'e  "  tiu3  English  had  heen  at  in  the  whole  war.* 

IVrdamim,  it  is  |)resinned,  lell  .Vnii'fni  and  juined  the  hostile  Narni>;iiiiviw 
and  the  VVamp.'i!:<ni;'s  in  their  stnui",'  fort,  some  time  previous  to  the  lln^rji,!, 
e.xpedn'on  af.'ainst  i',  in  Deeemher.  And  it  was  ahoiit  this  time  tlim  Av 
conneettd  herself  with  the  Narrajjanset  chief  f^Hi'(i/i«/»';i,  as  will  he  tliiiiil 
related  iii  his  life.  She?  is  mentioned  hy  some  writers  as  Philip^x  kiiisuniiian, 
which  ^eems  t"  have  heen  the  case  in  a  two-fold  manner;  first  \\<n\\  jir 
l)einf(  sister  to  liis  wife,  and  see»»ndly  trom  \\VY  marrying  JlU'xan(kr,\{\^  lirmlnr. 
To  return  to  Wamsutlc 

.A  lastiriji  and  permanent  interest  will  always  ho  frit,  and  ]»eriiliar  fi'clinirs 
associated  with  the  name  of  thiscliiet".  Not  on  account  of  a  career  of  lalilis, 
devastations  or  murders,  for  there  were  few  of  these,+  hut  tiiere  is  lell  tiir  w 
to  relate  the  melancholy  account  of  his  death.  Mr.  HubhariCs  account  oI'iIih 
event  is  in  tin;  hands  of  almost  every  reader,  and  cited  hy  (^very  writer  ii|mii 
our  early  history,  and  hence  is  too  extensively  known  to  he  repeatiil  Ihp. 
Dr.  L  Mather  agrees  very  lujarly  in  his  nccoimt  with  Mr.  Hubbard,  hut  hiiiig 
more  mimite,  and  rarely  to  he  met  with,  we  givi;  it  entire : — 

"In  A.  1).  KkJ'i,  IMimouth  colony  was  in  mmw  danger  of  heing  invdivniin 
trouhle  hy  the  Wampanoag  Indians.  Aller  Massnsoit  was  dead,  his  two  srniJ, 
calletl  H'ltnisutta  ai\d  Mvtaconut,  came  to  the  court  ut  Plimouth,  prctriidin;' 
high  respi'ct  for  tiie  English,  ami,  therefore,  desired  English  names  inijjlit  !»■ 
imposed  on  them,  whereupon  the  court  tiiere  named  It'amsutla,  tlie  dilir 
hrother,  Alexander,  and  Metacomet,  the  younger  hrother, P/u7i*».  This.//m(;i- 
der,  Philip's  immediate^  prech'cessor,  Avas  not  so  faithfid  and  friendly  to  tiif 
English  as  his  tatiier  had  heen.  For  some  of  IJoston,  having  heen  occiisioiiiilly 
at  Narragaiiset,  wrote  to  Mr.  Prince,  who  was  then  governor  of  I'limiiiitli,  iliiit 
Jllexawler  was  contriving  mischief  against  the  English,  and  that  he;  had  soliiit- 
ed  the  Narragansets  to  engage  with  him  in  his  designed  rehellion.  lleniiimii, 
Ca|)t.  }yilkl,  who  lived  near  to  Mount  Hope,  die  place  where  Alexamkr  iliil 
reside,  was  appointed  to  s|)eak  with  him,  and  to  desire  him  to  attend  the  iiexi 
court  in  Plimouth,  for  their  satisfaction,  and  his  own  vindication.  He 
seemed  to  take  the  message  in  good  j)art,  professing  that  tht;  Niirnigaiis  R 
whom,  lie  said,  were  his  enemies,  had  ])Ut  an  ahuse  upon  him,  and  he  rcailily 
promised  to  attend  at  the  next  court.  But  when  the  day  for  his  appcannn'e 
was  come,  instead  of  that,  he  at  that  very  time  went  over  to  the  Nariagaiisi'i,*, 
his  pretendtHl  enemies,  which,  compared  with  other  circum.stances,  caiiNil 
the  gentlemen  at  Plimouth  to  suspect  there  was  more  of  truth  in  the  iiit'or- 

»  Old  hidian  Chmiiirle,  ji-  31,  32. 

t  In  1G(J1,  lie  wiis  forced  into  a  war  with  Uncas,  the  account  of  which,  properly  beloiijiB; 
to  the  life  of  ihal  chief,  will  be  found  there  related. 


irovcrniir  of  tin 


[I'mhiK    111 

laiutntiuinii.'' 

I'<'    U>   suit  llifi 

I  luiMiiiitatii'n, 
roiu  llif  iiilil 


il  Ik'IuihI 
ivliii;!;  wiiul 

!t|u!  tlll'll 

f  itido.'" 

Phlliji,  \i\  ii 
ttiiwil  ilitu  llii' 
t,  whir  1 1  iM'ca- 
•  ciiciiiy,  as  in 

I'lrnl,  111  wliii'li 
me  |>n'\iiiihti| 
iiH  dill'  iiri",)  \t 
at  if  kIii'  wip' 

llM     IIIDI'C    tllllll 

I!  Niirriitf'iiNH 
to  tlif  \'.u)iM\ 
time  llmi  >lii' 
will  lie  tiiiiijil 
l)\i  kiiiswdiiiwi, 
,  first  tVdiii  Wr 
irfer,iiis  hrotliti, 

icculinr  t'rdiiiri 
an'cr  ot'  I  atili<, 
rt!  is  l('t\  tiir  iH 
I  nccdiiiit  1)1'  ilii< 
^>rj-  writer  iiimn 
rt'|H'ati'(l  InTi'. 
bard,  hMU^ 

■iiift  iiivolvciliii 
|i(l,  his  twii  si'ii^ 
Diitli,  |)rct('ii(liii,' 
liaiiK's  ini^'lil  l»' 
\snlt(i,  tilt'  ililiT 
,     TliiH.i/fwii- 
iViciKlly  to  tlie 
'(•11  occnsiiiiially 
it'lMiiiioiitli.tliiil 
it  h(!  Imil  ''oli'i'- 
Ion.    Hfrciiiiiiii, 
Ahxaniltr  iliil 
attcml  tlic  iii'Xi 
iiidiratioii.     H'' 
i(<  Narrajtaiis  t<, 
niui  lie  rt'ailily 
his  npiH'amni'' 
le  Narragaiisii?, 
Iistuiices,  caii^'l 
ith  in  tiic  iiit'or- 


properly  bclongin; 


ru*r  I.| 


AI.F,XAM)i;il. 


iliiiii  jfivr-ii,  tllllll  nt  iirsi  tin  y  wi  rr  awari'  nl".     W  lie  re  fori'  tin'  >;n\(riuir  t\nA 
r|,irali>  ilitrr  unhri'd  Majnr  /ri)i.y/i)»',  (wlio  is  siiicr,  ami  at  lliis  ilay  [  |ii7i  J 


Mil 

I 


Ml< 

vrril"!"  ••'•''"'  '"'"".'*')    '"    '"1^''  "   1""'^  "'""'"'  '""'    •''''■''    llowil    ,  III. Villi /if. 

MM  ,,|iij((r  (•(iiisiilrrinx  lliat  m  injur  imnnl  ilij'irir  /mntli.i,  lie  lunk  liiii  II)  tiriiiril 
with  liiiii  li'Hii  Marslitlrlil,  iiiti'iiiliiiK  to  liiur  takrii  iiku'i'  at  (lir  tiiwii/i 
I  ,  |„y  nearer  .Mount  llit|ii'.  Hiil  Divine  I'niv  iileiiee  so  (iiili  ri  tl,iis  that  \\  In  n 
liie\  w'eri' al'ont  the  niiilway  helweeii  i'liiiKiiiih  and  Uridpwater,'  olisrr\iiii{ 
1,11  iiMiitiiij;  lionse,  they  rode  ii|i  to  il,  and  iherr  ihd  ihey  lind  .Uumhlir  ami 
■11' ,\  lit' liis  nieiif  well  armed,  ImiI  tlieir  jj;niis  slandiiii;  top'iher  \>itli<iiil  llm 
iiiii-v.  'I"'"'  niajnr,  with  his  small  |iarty,  jiossess  -d  tin'mselves  ol"  ihe  Imliaiis' 
nriiis  a»d  liesi't  the  iiunse;  then  did  he  ;;ii  in  amon^'st  lliem,  aei|unintiii);  ilin 
^ii'JM'in  ^villi  ilie  ri'asoii  of  his  eoiniiiy:  in  sneh  a  way  ;  (h>iriiij5  „H(.iiiiiilir 
\\\\U  Ills  iiiterpreter  to  walk  oiii  uiili  him,  who  did  so  a  lilllr  distanee  from  tho 
liiiiise  and  then  understood  what  eoniiiiissi<iii  the  major  had  received  ron- 
(•(Tiiiiii.'  Il""'  '"'"■  I"'""''  saeliem  till  into  a  ra(.'iii},'  passion  at  this  surprise, 
.jujiijj  ihe  irnvernor  had  no  reason  lo  credit  rumors,  or  to  semi  tiir  him  in 
iirli  a  way,  nor  would  lie  ^ro  to  I'limoiilli,  iait  when  he  s<iw  eansc.  Il  was 
rciilicil  to  him,  that  his  hreaeh  of  word  loiiehimr  appearanee  at  IMimiHilIt 
(•(lurt,  and,  instead  thereof,  jfoiii;:  at  the  same  time  to  his  pretended  (iiiiniis, 
aiiiriiH'iited  jcakaisies  eoneernin;^'  him.  In  line,  tin;  major  told  him,  that  hin 
(ii'ili  r  was  to  lirin^  him  to  IMimoiith,  and  thai,  hy  the  help  of  (lod,  he  would 
lid  it  III'  else  lie  would  die  on  the  place  ;  also  declarini;  lo  him  thai  if  he  would 
.slllilllil  lie  mijjlit  expect  respective  iisap',  hut  if  hi;  once  more  denied  to  j(o, 
111' hIioiiIiI  never  stir  from  the  irrouml  whereon  he  stood  ;  and  with  a  pistol  at 
llii' .sii'liein's  hreast,  re<|uireil  that  his  next  words  should  he  a  positive  ami 
(liar  answer  to  what  was  demanded.  Hereupon  his  interpreter,  a  discreet 
liiiliaii,  lirotlicr  to  John  SitiiS(Viiaii,l  lieiiif;  seiisihle  of  jI[(.raiu{(r\H  passionato 
ilisjitisiliiin,  eiitri'atetl  that  he  iiii;.dit  s|irak  a  (i'\  words  to  tht;  sachem  lietiiro 
lii'tfiM'  his  answer.  'I'he  prudent  discourse  of  this  Indian  prevailed  so  f-u"  as 
that  .7/i.n»i'/«'r  yielded  to  f;o,  only  rei|uesliii;;  that  he  iiii<(lit  f;o  ill:e  u  sacheni, 
witii  his  men  attending.'  him,  which,  alllioiii;li  there  was  some  hazard  in  A, 
tlii'V  lii'in^'  many,  and  the  Kurdish  hut  a  few,  was  granted  to  him.  Tho 
\M'ailii'r  heiiii;  hot,  the  major  olll'ied  him  an  lioi'se  to  ride  on,  hut  his  s<pia\v 
aiai  ilivers  iiidiaii  women  heinu;  in  company ,  he  refused,  saying  he  could  uo  on 
jiiot  as  well  as  they,  entreating;  only  that  there  iniii;ht  he  ii  complyinir  with 
liii'ir  jiace,  which  was  done.  And  restini;  several  times  hy  the  way,  .'llirim- 
;.'((•  aail  his  India.is  were  refreshed  hy  the  1'lnj.dish.  No  other  discoiirsr  hap- 
iii'iiiii!.'  while'  they  were  upon  tlu.'ir  inarch,  hut  what  was  pheasant  and  amicahle. 
Till' major  sent  a  man  h( 'fore,  to  entreat  that  Jis  many  of  the  mai^istrates  of 
liiat  riiioiiy  as  could  would  meet  at  Duxhurv.  VVhereforti  huvinj?  there  had 
soiiic  treaty  with  Aliiiinilvr,  not  willhifi  to  commit  him  to  prison,  they  eii- 
livali'il  .Major  fi'inslow  to  receive  him  to  his  house,  until  the  };overnor,  who 
tlicii  lived  at  Kastham,  could  come  up.  Acconliiiffly,  he  ami  his  iraiii  wero 
I'oiirti'oiisly  entertained  hy  the  major.  And  alheit,  not  so  iiiiici:  as  an  an<;ry 
wiinl  jiassi'd  hetween  them  whilst  at  Marshfield  ;  yet  proud  Jlkxau'lcr,  vexiiij,' 
ami  I'reHiiifj  in  his  spirit,  that  such  a  check  was  given  him,  li<;  suddenly  liii 
sii'k  (if  a  fever,  lie  was  then  nursed  as  a  choice  friend.  JMr.  Fullii;  ihi; 
|ili\sii'ian,  coming  |)rovideiitially  thither  at  that  time,  the  sachem  and  his  men 
lariiistly  desired  that  In;  would  administer  to  him,  which  he  was  iinwiliiiig  to 
(id,  liiit  hy  their  ini|iortiinity  was  prevailed  with  to  do  the  hest  he  could   to 


iicip  iiiin,  and  tlierefon;  gave  liini  a  portion  of  working  jihysic,  which  tlii! 
Indians  thought  did  him  good.  But  his  distem|)er  alh'rwards  prevailing,  they 
.■iiti'.'at('(l§  to  dismiss  him,  in  order  to  uretuni  home,  which  upon  engagement 


•  Williin  six  milps  of  the  English  towns.  Iliihhard,  10,  (Edition,  lf)77.)  Mansannit,  anil 
lihcwisc  I'hilip,  used  to  have  temporary  rosidenres  in  elif^ible  plares  for  (ishiiii;.  al  v;irioiis 
sii(<  li'iwi'i'ii  di(;  two  bays,  IVarrai^aiisel  and  Massncliiisetls,  as  al  Rnviiham.  NalIla^k(■l,  'I'ili- 
cul.  [in  JliildleUoronjfh,]  and  Muiipoiiset  I'ond  in  Ilaiilax.  Al  which  of  these  phices  lie  wiis, 
wo  I'iiiiiKit,  with  certiiinly,  decide  :  that  al  Halifax  would,  pcdiaps,  agree  bcsl  wilii  Mr.  Huh' 
kiril's  arconnt. 

t  i'ii,'lii_v.  says  IJnhhnrd.  G. 

J  He  had  a  hrolhcr  by  the  nnme  of  Roland. 

$  "  Eatrcaiing  those  ihal  hekl  him  prisoner,  that  he  might  have  liberty  to  return  home, 


1""^/' 


%Aik 


■■■.'■,># 


■'  .  ';■■■■ 'ivi^'^l 


Ilia 

''i'''Kit«, 


izmii 


■J 


1-    '.-.'"aT^ 


■■  .,v:,r 


"i-  ymm 

I-       ,      '\:i■''J^l 
■■    ..    ■  •  ,V  ::■ 

'.'■■■    ■■  .  i'»r.;,':;{s 

■'''■■ '  y^ 


8 


ALEXANDER. 


[Book  ni 


of  nppoamiicp  at  tlio  next  court  was  granted  to  him.  •  Soon  after  his  bcinj 
rotiiriH'd  \i()\nv,  lie  died."  * 

Thus  ends  Dr.  J/«//icr'5  "relation  " of  tiie  short  reign  of  Mexander.  Am] 
akhongh  a  deniinient  lately  published  by  Judge  Davis  of  IJoston  sets  tiie  ((m. 
duct  of  the  English  in  a  very  i'avorable  light,  yet  it  is  very  difficult  to  f,,,,. 
ceiv(;  how  .Mather  and  Hubbard  could  hav(!  been  altogether  deceived  in  iini,. 
inioriuation.  We  mean  in  res|)ect  to  tlus  tn-atinetit  Alexandtr  received  at  ili,. 
hands  of  his  capuu-s.  They  both  wrote  at  the  same  time,  and  at  (lilllnir 
places,  and  ucntiier  knew  what  the  other  had  written.  Of  this  we  are  (unti. 
(lent,  if,  as  we  are  assured,  there  was,  at  this  time,  rather  a  inisunderstainlinj 
between  these  two  r(!v»!rend  authors. 

This  aflair  caused  much  excitement,  and,  judging  from  the  Avriters  of  that 
time,  particidarly  Hubbard,  some  recrimination  upon  the  conduct  of  the  ([(,,. 
ernment  of  I'limoiith,  by  some  of  tlie  English,  who  were  more  in  the  JinJiii  (,| 
using  or  reconnnending  mil;!  measures  towards  Indians  than  the  I'liiDoini, 
jteople  appear  to  have  been,  seems  to  have  been  indulged  in.  Altir  iIhk 
premising,  we  will  ofti-r  the  document,  which  is  a  letter  written  by  the  R^ 
John  Cotton,  of  Plimouth,  to  Dr.  /.  Mather,  and  now  printed  by  Judge  fJnii 
in  his  edition  of  JMorton^s  Memorial.  There  is  no  date  to  it,  at  least  the  ciliiijr 
gives  none  ;  but  if  it  were  written  in  answer  to  one  from  Mr.  Midlnr  u 
him,  desiring  information  on  that  head,  dated  21st  A])ril,  l()77,t  wc  nun 
conclude  it  was  about  this  time  ;  but  Mr,  Mather^s  "  Relation  "  would  not  |i,v; 
us  to  su[)poso  that  he  was  in  possession  of  such  inibrmation,  and,  tlnri. 
fore,  he  either  'vas  not  in  possession  of  it  wluui  he  published  his  accoiait, or 
tJiat  he  ha  >  other  testimony  which  invalidated  it. 

Tlie  letter  begins,  "Major  Bradford,  [who  was  with  Mr.  Winslow  \\h\s 
Alexander  was  sur|)rise<i,]  confidently  assures  me,  that  in  the  narrativi'  it 
AlexandroX  there  are  many  mistakes,  and,  fearing  lest  you  shoidd,  tlinniLii 
misinformation,  print  some  mistakes  on  that  subject,  from  his  mouth  I  tiiis 
write.  Re{)orts  being  here  that  Alexander  was  plotting  or  privy  to  ploi;, 
against  tlie  English,  authority  sent  to  him  to  come  down.  He  caini'  ni:. 
Whereupon  Major  Winslow  was  sent  to  fetch  him.  Major  BradJ'onl,  \\\i 
some  othere.,  went  with  him.  At  Mimponset  River,  a  j)lace  not  many  niilis 
hence,  they  found  Alexander  with  about  eight  men  and  sundry  squaws,  lie 
was  thiu't!  about  getting  canoes.  He  and  his  men  were  at  breakfast  iimlir 
their  shelter,  their  gims  being  without.  They  saw  the  English  coniinjr,  Imi 
continued  eating ;  and  Mr.  Winslow  telling  their  business,  Alexander^  timlv 
and  readily,  without  the  least  hesitancy,  consented  to  go,  giving  his  rciixiii 
why  he  cann;  not  to  the  court  before,  viz.,  because  he  waited  for  Ca|ilaiii 
WUleVs  return  from  the  Dutch,  being  desirous  to  speak  with  him  first.  Tliev 
brought  him  to  Mr.  CoUier^s  that  day,  and  Governor  Prince  living  remote  :.! 
Eastham,  those  few  magistrates  who  were  at  hand  issued  the  luatter  iinu-i- 
ahly,  and  iiUiMediately  dismissed  Alexander  to  return  home,  whicli  lie  diil 
part  of  the  way ;  but,  in  two  or  three  days  after,  he  returned  and  went  tn 
Major  Winslow''s  house,  intending  thence  '  tmvel  into  the  ba}i  and  so  Imiiic; 
but,  at  the  major's  house,  he  was  taken  .  ry  sick,  and  wius,  by  \vat(  r,  inu- 
veyed  to  Major  Bra  tford\  and  thence  carried  upon  tlie  shonldei-s  of  his  im  ii 
to  Tethquet  River,  and  thence  in  canoes  home,  and,  about  two  or  three  days 
after,  died." 

Tims  it  is  evident  that  there  is  error  somewhere,  and  it  would  he  very  sat- 
isfactory if  we  could  erase  it  from  our  history ;  but,  at  present,  we  ari'  iiMi' 
only  to  agitate  it,  and  wait  for  the  further  discovery  of  documents  Mnr^ 
Alexander's  true  history  can  be  given ;  and  to  suspend  judgment,  altlioiii'ii 

promisiiicf  to  reliirii  aijain  if  he  rerovored,  and  to  send  his  son  as  hostage  till  he  cniild  sc)'!o. 
ijn  llial  consideralioM,  he  was  fairly  dismissed,  l)Ut  died  before  he  got  half  way  home.  "- 
JIiit)h(ir(l. 

*■  It  is  a  pity  that  suoh  an  alilc  historian  as  Grahnnw  slionid  not  have  lieen  in  posso<sinii ol 
other  anlhorilies  npoii  this  matter  than  those  who  have  copied  from  the  above.  Sec  liis  lliit 
N.  Aiwrira,  i.  'M)l. 

t  See  his  Memorial.  2R8. 

X  A  paper  drawn  up  by  liie  OMlhorilies  of  PJimonlh,  and  now.  T  believe,  anion?  ilio  MSS, 
in  the  library  of  the  Hist.  i^oc.  of  Mass.    This  was,  probably,  Mr.  HitbLard's  aullioriiv. 


[Book  ni. 

on  after  his  bcinj 

)f  Alexander.  And 
[Jostoii  sets  tilt'  cdii. 
•ry  diflicult  to  Pdn. 
■r  (loci'ivt'il  ill  tlnlr 
der  recoivcd  at  tlio 
HP,  and  at  (litlini:'. 
■  this  wt'  arc  ciinti. 
a  inisundei-stiiiiirui; 

the  writers  of  tliat 
conduct  of  till-  L'ov- 
iiiore  in  the  liiiliit  of 
,  tlmn  the  PliiniMnli 
Igfd  in.     AUcr  lliii> 

written  hy  tlic  Rm, 
od  by  JudiTc  Ihm, 

it,  at  U'ast  the  ciliiijr 
from  Mr.  Malkr  tn 
|)ril,  1077,t  we  may 
ion  "  would  not  \n<[ 
rination,  and,  tliift. 
shed  his  account,  or 

I  Mr.  fVvislow  wiifii 
t  in  the  narnitivc  ik 
yon  should,  tliroiii'li 
jin  his  nioiitii  1  liii; 
ig  or  privy  to  iil«i>, 
own.     He  caiiic  m.;. 
Major  Bradford,  wifii 
blace  not  many  iiiilis 
sundry  squaws,   lit 
■e  at  breakfast  iimlir 
<]nglisii  coiuini;,  Imt 
ss,  Mexanda;  M 
go,  giving  hi;*  vciistui 
waitcil  for  Caiitiuii 
ith  him  lirst.    Tln^ 
•nee  living  rcmoto  m 
id  the  iuattcr  \w\a- 
lome,  which  In'  'M 
'turned  and  went  t" 
le  bajl  and  so  lidiin", 
wiis,  by  water,  mu- 
ihoiddei^  of  liis  mni 
It  two  or  three  (iiiy« 

it  would  be  very  sal- 
present,  we  are  !iW'' 
of  documents  liil'ir' 
judgment,  altlioiisii 

-(Stage  till  he  coiiM  sii;!"- 
Ihc  gollialfwav  home. - 

live  lipcn  in  pnssp^Moii « 
Iho  above.    Sec  Ins  //wt 


Iclicvc,  amons  die  MS 
[lubbard's  auilioriiy. 


I] 


eX 


SAS3\M0iN  9 

„  miiv  rcadilv  decide  that  the  evidence  is  hi  favor  of  the  old  i)rinted 
.••oiiiits.  It  is  the  business  ot  a  historian,  where  a  pouit  is  ui  dispute,  to 
"  liiliit  existing  evidence,  and  l»!t  the  reader  fiiakc;  up  his  own  judgment. 

Wu  are  able,  from  the  iirst  extract  given  upon  this  head,  to  limit  the  time 
nf  his  saclu-niship  to  u  portion  of  the  year  l(JGi>. 

It  will  have  apjjearcd  already,  that  enough  had  transpired  to  inHame  the 

liiiils  of  the  Indians,  and  especially  that  of  the  sachem  Philip,  if,  indeed, 

'  .  (vidcuce  adduced  be  considered  valid,  regarding  the  blainableness  of  tho 

I'liclisli.    Nevtirtheless,  our  next  step  oll^^;lrd  will  more  fully  develop  the 

causes  of  Philip's  deep-rooted  uniincsitie- 

\Vc  come  now  to  speak  of  Joh.\  Sassamon,  v.Iio  deserves  a  particvdar 
iiotiee  •  more  especially  as,  from  several  manuscripts,  we  are  able  not  only  to 
idinet  some  important  errors  in  former  histories,  but  to  give  a  more  minute 
•iii'iiiint  of  a  character  which  must  always  be  noticed  in  entering  \\\)u\\  the 
vtuilv  of  tb''^  1**"^  "*'  "^"*  bistory.  Not  that  lit;  would  otherwise  demand 
more  notice  than  many  of  his  brethren  almost  silently  pa.ssed  over,  but  fur  hi.s 
ii'reiiev  in  bringing  about  a  war,  the  interest  of  whicii  hicreases  in  proportion 
ib  tiiiie  carries  us  from  its  \ky\m\. 

Jijltn  Sassamon  Wius  a  subject  of  Philip,  an  unstable-minded  fellow  ;  and, 
liviii"  in  the  neighborhood*  of  the  English,  became  a  convert  to  (vhristianity, 
leaimil  tluMr  language,  and  was  able  to  read  and  write,  and  had  translated 
^Mie  of  tlie  Bible  into  Intlian.  Being  rather  insinuating  and  artful,  li;'  wita 
ciiiiiloycd  to  teach  his  countrymen  at  Nutick,  in  the  capacity  of  a  school- 
iiiiL<ter.  How  long  before  the  \.'ar  this  was,  is  m  t  mentioned,  but  must  have 
|)(.i'n  about  ItjGO,  as  he  was  Philip^s  secretary,  or  uiterpreter,  in  1002,  and  this 
was  after  he  had  become  a  Christian.  He  leil  the  English,  from  some  dislike, 
iiiiil  went  to  reside  with  Alexander,  and  ailerwai'ds  with  Philip,  who,  it  ap- 
pears, employed  him  on  account  of  his  learnuig.  iVlways  restless,  Sassamon 
(lid  not  rcmahi  long  with  Philip  before  he  returned  again  to  the  English  ;  "  and 
he  inauifcsted  such  evident  signs  of  rei)entance,  as  that  he  was,  alter  liis  re- 
turn from  pagan  Philip,  reconciled  to  the  praying  Indians  and  baptized,  and 
received,  as  a  member,  into  one  of  the  Indian  churches  ;  yea,  and  employed 
as  an  instructor  amongst  tlnnn  every  Lord's  day."t 

Previous  to  the  war,  we  presume  in  the  winter  of  11)72,  Sassamon  was  sent 
to  preach  to  the  Namaskets,^  and  other  Indians  of  Middleborough,  who,  at 
tills  time,  were  very  numerous.  The  famous  Watuspaquin  was  then  the 
eluefof  this  region  and  who  api)ears  to  have  been  disposed  to  encourage 
tiie  new  religion  taught  by  Sassamon.  For,  in  1674,  he  gave  liim  a  tract  of 
land  near  his  own  residence,  to  hiduce  him  to  remain  among  his  people.  The 
deed  of  girt  of  this  land  was,  no  doubt,  drawn  by  Sassamon,  and  is  in  these 
words : — 

"Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that  I,  Old  Watuspaquin,  doe  graunt 
\iito  John  Sassamon,  allies  IVassasoman,  27  acrees  of  land  for  a  home  lott  at 
Assowainsctt  necke.  This  is  my  gift,  giuen  to  him  the  said  John  Sassamon, 
hy  iiK!  till!  said  Watuspaquin,  in  Anno  1073,  [or  1(J74,  if  between  1  Jan.  and 
'id  March.] 

Olo  Watuspaquin  {^        his  marke. 

William  TuspAQUiiv      dV       his  marke. 
Witness,  alsoe,  Naneheunt  §     -f"    ''**  marke." 

As  a  further  inducement  for  Sassamon  to  settle  liere.  Old  Tuspaquin  and 
his  son  deeded  to  Felix,  an  Indian  who  maiTied  Sassamoti^s  daughter,  .58  and 
an  half  acres  of  land;  as  "a  home  lott,"  also.  This  deed  was  dated  11 
.March,  1073,  O.  S.,  which  doubtless  was  done  at  the  same  time  with  the  other. 


"  •'  This  Sassamon  was  hy  birlli  a  Massacliusett,  his  father  and  mother  i'\  iiig  in  Doreliestcr, 
ami  Ihry  both  died  Ciiiisliaiis." — /.  Mather. 
\  Miithir's  Relation,  71. 
J  The  iiiluibiiants  of  liie  place  call  it  Neniasket,    In  the  records,  it  is  aiinost  always  written 

SitmitssakdL 
i  Spelt  also  MemfheuU. 


;^i->i'a 


iPli 

'^'•f'^^V''  ■•:?l 


■ '''■'  i 


•■'4H-;,; 


■  viv%i^B4l? 


:MXi^' 


10 


SASSAMON. 


[Rook  1||. 


If 


This  (laughter  of  Saasamon  was  rall(!(l  by  tlin  Englisli  name  Betty,*  l)iit  lur  „ri,,. 
inul  name  was  Assowktougii.  To  hissoii-iii-law,  Sassamon  gave  liis  land, In", 
kiud  of  will,  wliifli  lie  wrote  liiinself,  not  long  before  his  death  ;  \m>\,n\i- 
about  the  time  Ik;  became!  tired  of  iiisn(!W  situation,  wliich  we  suppose  wusali 
about  the  time  that  h(!  discovered  the  design  of  Philip  and  Iiis  captains  to 
bring  about  tlieir  war  of  extermination. 

Old  Tmpaquin,  as  he  called  himself,  and  his  son,  not  only  confirmed  Hnsm- 
moil's  will,  but  about  the  sam(!  time  madt;  a  be(]uest  themselves  to  his  daiii-l,. 
ter,  which,  they  say,  was  "with  the  (consent  of  all  the  chieflie  men  of  .\sso- 
wamsett."  This  deed  of  giit  fi'om  them  was  datcul  23  Dec.  1G73.  It  was  of 
a  neck  of  land  at  Assowa'ns«'tt,  called  Nahteawamet.  The  names  of  some 
of  the  j)laces  which  l)ouiided  this  tract  wen;  Mashciuomoh,  a  swamp,  !>:asiiii 
kususett,  a  poml,  and  anotlirT  largi;  |)ond  called  Ch;ipii)oggut.  Tobias,  Qli 
Thomas,  Pohonoho,  and  Kankunuki,  wen;  upon  this  deed  as  witnesses. 

Fklix  served  the  FiUglish  in  Philip's  war,  and  was  living  in  1()7!>,  in  wliici, 
year  Governor  /fi/is/oit' ordered,  "  that  all  such  lands  as  were  fonrierlyjf^ 
Sassamon's  in  our  colonic,  shall  be  s<!ttled  on  Felix  his  son-in-law,"  and  to  re. 
main  his  and  his  heirs  "foreuer."  Felix's  wife  survived  him,  ai  d  wilhl  lur 
laud  to  a  daughter,  named  Affrny.  This  was  in  IGiX),  and  Isackt  Jfannoww. 
nessed  said  will.  There  was  at' a  lat<;r  |)eriod  an  Indian  preacher  at  Titiiini 
named  Thomas  Felix,  ])erhaps  a  son  of  the  former.};  But  to  return  to  the 
more  immediate  subject  of  our  discoui"se. 

There  was  a  Sassaman,  or,  as  my  manuscript  has  it,  Sosomon,  known  to  the 
English  as  early  as  lt).'}7 ;  but  as  we  have  no  means  of  knowing  how  old  J„j, 
Sassamon  was  when  he  was  mur(lere<l,  it  cannot  be  decided  with  proi)aliiliiv, 
whether  or  not  it  wen;  he.  This  Sosomon,  as  will  be  seen  in  the  life  of  Smn- 
cus,  went  with  the  English  to  fight  the  Pecpiots 

Sassamon  acted  as  inter|)r«;t<'r,  witness  <  scribe,  as  the  case  required,  on 
many  occasions.  When  Philip  and  fVootcnekanuske  his  wife,  sold,  in  ItfiJ, 
Mattapoisett  to  JVilliam,  lirenton,  Sassamon  was  a  witness  and  interpretir. 
The  same  year  he  was  Philip's  agent  "  in  settling  the  bounds  of  Aciislieiiok, 
Coaksett,  and  places  adjacent."  Again,  in  l(j()5,  lie  witnessed  the  receipt  ol' 
£10  i)aid  to  Philip  on  account  of  s(!ttling  the  bounds  the  year  before. 

There  was  a  Roivland  Sassamon,  who  I  suppose  was  the  brother  of  Jok. 
His  name  appeal's  !mt  onc(!  in  all  tlu;  manuscript  records  I  have  met  witii,  auj 
then  only  as  a  witness,  with  his  brother,  to  Philip's  deed  of  Mattajioiselt, 
above  mentioned. 

The  name  Sassamon,  like  most  Indian  names,  is  variously  spelt,  but  tlie 
way  it  here  a[)|)ears  is  nearest  as  it  was  understood  in  his  last  years,  jndffliii; 
from  the  records.  Ihit  it  was  not  so  originally.  Woosansaman  was  aiiioi:i 
the  first  modes  of  writing  it. 

This  detail  may  a])pear  dry  to  the  general  reader,  but  we  must  occasion- 
ally gratify  our  anticpiarian  friends.     We  now  ])roceed  in  our  narrative, 

While  living  among  the  Namaskets,  Sassamon  learned  what  was  jroiii!; 
forward  among  bis  countrymen,  and,  when  he  was  convinced  that  tliiir 
design  was  war,  went  immediately  to  Plimoutli,  and  coinnumicated  liis  dis- 
covery to  the  governor.  "Nevertheless,  his  information," says  Dv, I. Mathfr,^ 
"(because  it  had  an  Indian  original,  and  one  can  hardly  believe  them  wlieu 
tliey  do  speak  the  truth,)  was  not  at  first  much  regarded." 

It  may  be  noticed  Iiere,  that  at  this  time  if  any  Indian  appeared  friendly, 
all  Indians  were  so  declaimed  against,  that  scarcely  any  one  among  tlie  Eii!- 
lisli  could  be  found  that  would  allow  that  an  Indian  could  be  faitldiil  ur 
honest  in  any  aftiiir.  And  although  some  others  besides  Sassamon  had  niii- 
mated,  and  that  rather  strongly,  that  a  "  rising  of  the  Indians  "  was  at  Imml, 
still,  as  Dr.  Mather  obs(!rves,  'jecause  Indians  said  so,  little  or  no  attentiou 

*  The  Endisli  soinetinics  added  her  surname,  and  hence,  in  the  account  of  Mr.  Hninfl.{^ 
Col.  Afiiss.  Ilist.  Snr.  iii,  1.)  Hellij  Sasernoir.  'I'he  noted  place  now  called  Belltfit  M, 
in  Mi<ldle!)orough,  was  named  from  her.     hi  !7!)3,  there  were  eii^hl  families  of  Jndiaiis  diere. 

\  Cotiihtiiut,  Krlchiiiuul,  Tflttinit,  Krhf.ttirnI ,  KeHcitt,  TiiolUuquid,  Tetehquct,aiei\x\\' 
ings  of  this  name  in  the  various  books  and  records  I  have  consullcd. 

t  Barkus's  Middlehorouo^li,  in  1  (^ol.  Mass.  Hist,  Soc.  iii.  150. 

j  Relation  of  the  Troubles,  &c.,  74. 


[Book  111 

I,*  but  licr  ()ri_,. 
jc  liis  land, In ;, 
L'lith ;  proUil'ilv 

Ul)pOSe\V!LSlil>o 

his  captains  to 
jnfirmpd  Smn- 

■S  to  his  (lill|c;l|. 

b  men  of  As?o- 
G73.  It  was  (if 
iiaines  of  sump 
swuniji,  Ha«iii. 
It.     Tobias,  on 

itlU'SSCS. 

1  l()7!t,  in  wliirli 
e  foriiicrlv  Mn 
law,"  and  to  re- 
,  lU'il  willed  lur 
ackt  JVanm  wit- 
clier  at  Titiiiiii 
to  return  to  the 

m,  known  to  the 
ii<f  how  old  Mn 
witli  ])rol)!iliility, 
he  life  of  .S'asw. 

3ase  required,  on 
ifc,  sohi,  in  ](1G}, 

and  interpreter, 
Is  of  Acuslieiiok, 
d  the  receipt  of 
f  before, 
[brother  of  Joliii, 
ve  met  with,  iinj 

of  Mattaiiuiseti, 

y  spelt,  l)\it  the 
st  years,  jiidL'in; 
man  was  aiiiui:; 

must  occasion- 
narrative. 

,'hat  was  goiii; 
iiiced  tluit  tlii'ir 
Linicated  liisdis- 
/sDr./.jVo/k,; 
ieve  themwlieu 

>peared  friendly, 
moufr  tlie  Ens- 
d  be  llntlifnl  or 
ssamon  bad  mti- 
s  "  was  at  hand, 
or  no  attention 

t  of  Mr.  Ikimtl.{\ 

ailed  ISemfs  .Y.rt, 

s  of  Indians  there. 

Mf liquet,  are  spell- 


CHAf 


I.]     SASSAMON.— CAUSES  OF  THE   WAR  WITH   PHILIP. 


n 


paid  to  their  advice.  Notwithstanding,  Mr.  Gookin,  in  his  MS.  history,* 
*  that  previous  to  tlio  war,  none  of  the  Christian  Indians  had  "  beim 
'^^'thi  clia'rged,  eitlier  with  untaithfiihiess  or  treachery  towards  the  English." 
"Rut  on  tiie  contrary,  some  of  tiiem  had  discovered  the  treachery,  particii- 
,  i^^ffakut  the  ruler,  of  PAiYip  before  he  began  any  act  of  hostility."  In 
"Mother  place  the  same  author  says,  that,  in  April,  1075,  JVauban  "  came  to 
"" .  of  the  niagistra'is  on  purpose,  and  informed  him  that  he  had  ground  to 
f-ir  tiiat  sachem  Philip,  and  other  Indians  his  confederates,  intended  some 
'^^iscliief  shortly."  Again  in  May,  about  six  weeks  before  the  war,  he  came 
"lid  said  the  same,  adding  that  Philip^s  men  were  only  waiting  for  the  trees 
to  eet  leaved  out,  that  they  might  prosecute  their  design  with  more  effect, 
'f 0  return  to  SassanwJi  : 

111  the  mean  time,  some  circumstances  happened  that  gave  further  grounds 
of  siisi)icion,  that  war  was  meditated,  and  it  was  intended  that  messengers 
should  be  sent  to  Philip,  to  gain,  if  ])ossible,  the  real  state  of  the  case.  But 
before  this  was  effected,  much  of  the  winter  of  1()74  had  ])assed  away,  and 
the  Rev.  Sassamon  still  resided  with  the  Namaskets,  and  others  of  hia 
countrymen  in  that  neighborhood.  And  notwithstanding  he  had  enjoined 
the  strictest  secrecy  upon  his  English  friends  at  Plimouth,  of  what  he  had 
revealed,  assuring  them  that  if  it  came  to  Philip's  knowledgi!,  he  should  he 
immediately  murdered  by  him,  yet  it  by  some  means  got  to  the  chief's 
](iio\vled''e,  and  Sassamon  was  considered  a  traitor  and  an  outlaw ;  and,  by 
the  laws'of  the  Indians,  he  had  forfeited  his  life,  and  was  doomed  to  suffer 
death.  The  manner  of  effecting  it  was  of  no  consequence  with  them,  so 
Ion"  as  it  was  brought  about,  and  it  is  probable  that  Philip  had  ordered  any 
of  iiis  subjects  who  might  meet  with  him,  to  kill  him. 

Earlv  in  the  spring  of  1G75,  Sassamon  was  missing,  and,  on  search  being 
made,  his  body  was  found  in  Assawomset  Pond,  in  Middleborougb.f  Those 
that  killed  hitn  not  caruig  to  be  known  to  the  English,  left  his  hat  and  gim 
upon  the  ice,  that  it  might  be  supposed  that  he  had  drowned  himself;  but 
from  several  marks  upon  his  body,  and  the  fact  that  his  neck  was  broken, 
it  was  evident  he  had  been  umrdered.  J  Several  persons  were  suspected, 
and,  u|)oii  the  information  of  one  called  Patuckson,  Tobias  §  one  ol  Philip's 
counsellors,  his  son,  and  Mattashinnamy,  were  ap|)rehended,  tried  by  !■  jury, 
consisting  of  half  Indians,||  and  in  June,  1(575,  were  all  executed  at  Plimouth; 
"one  of  them  before  his  execution  confessing  the  murder,"  but  the  oilier 
two  denied  all  knowledge  of  the  act,  to  their  last  breath.  The  truth  of 
their  ifuilt  may  reasonably  be  called  in  question,  if  the  circumstance  of  the 
bleeding  of  the  dead  body  at  the  approach  of  the  nuirderer,  had  any  influence 
upon  the  jury.  And  we  arc  fearful  it  was  the  case,  fbr,  if  the  most  learned  were 
misled  by  such  hallucinations  in  those  days,  we  are  not  to  suppose  that  the 
more  ignorant  were  free  from  them.  Dr.  Increase  Mather  wrote  within  two 
years  of  the  affair,  and  he  has  this  passage :  "  When  Tobias  (the  suspected 
murderer)  came  near  the  dead  body,  it  fell  a  bleeding  on  fresh,  as  if  it  had 
been  newly  slain ;  albeit,  it  was  buried  a  considerable  time  before  that."  H 

Nothing  of  this  part  of  the  story  is  ujjon  record  among  the  manuscri|)t3, 
as  we  can  find,  but  still  we  do  not  question  the  authenticity  of  Dr.  Mather^ 
who,  we  believe,  is  the  first  that  printed  an  account  of  it.  Nor  do  the 
records  of  Plimouth  notice  Sassamon  until  some  time  after  his  death.  The 
first  record  is  in  these  words:    "The  court  seeing  cause  to  require  the  per- 

•  Nol  yet  published,  but  is  now,  (April,  183(5,)  printing  with  notes  by  the  author  of  this 
work,  under  Uie  direction  of'llie  American  Anii>)uarian  Society.  It  will  form  a  lasting  moiiu- 
mciii  nloiie  of  ihe  best  men  of  diose  days.  Tlio  auilior  was,  as  Mr.  £/io<  expresses  iiimself, 
''a  pillar  in  our  hidiau  work."     He  died  in  1()87,  aged  75. 

tSoine  would  like  to  know,  perhaps,  on  what  authority  Mr.  Gralwme  {Hist.  N.  Anur.  i. 
402.)  slates  thai  Sa.isainon's  body  was  found  in  a.  field. 

\  Gookin's  MS.  Hist,  of  Christian  Indians.  This  author  says,  "  SassaTnand  was  the  first 
Chrisiiaii  martyr,"  and  that  "  it  is  evident  he  suffered  death  upon  the  account  of  his  Christian 
profession,  and  fidelity  to  the  English." 

\  His  Indian  name  was  Pos^apanossoo. 
Mather's  Relation,  74.    Judge  Davis  retains  the  same  account,  (MorUm's  Memorial, 

I.)  which  we  shall  presently  show  to  be  erroneous. 

U  Muther's  Relation,  76. 


it',, 


»-'!li 


»S    In      1U3 


,>  * 


a 


\M^« 


V 


1       ( 


■Jil.  ■' 


12 


SASSAMON. 


[Book  in. 


sonal  appearance  of  an  Indian  called  Tobias  l)efore  the  court,  to  make  fur. 
ther  answer  to  such  interrogatories  as  shall  be  required  of  him,  in  reference 
to  the  sudden  and  violent  death  of  an  Indian  called  John  Sassamon,  late 
deceased."     This  wa.s  in  March,  1G74,  O.  S. 

It  appears  that  Tobias  was  present,  although  it  is  not  so  stated,  from  the 
fact  that  Tuspaqidn  and  his  son  William  entered  into  bonds  of  £100  for  thp 
appearance  of  Tobias  at  the  next  court  in  June  following.  A  niortjrai'e 
of  land  was  taken  as  security  for  the  £100. 

June  having  arrived,  three  instead  of  one  are  arraigned  as  the  miirdcreri 
of  Sassamon.  There  was  no  intimation  of  any  one  but  Tobiar  being  jrnji,, 
at  the  previous  court.  Now,  ffampapaquan,  the  son  of  Tobias,  and  Maltii. 
ahunannamo  *  are  arraigned  with  Inni,  and  the  bill  of  indictment  runs  as  t'o|. 
lows :  "  For  that  being  accused  that  they  did  with  joynt  consent  vpon  1),^ 
29  of  January  ann"  1674,  [or  1675,  N.  S.l  att  a  place  called  .^a«ow»a»weft  Poiii 
wilfully  and  of  sett  purpose,  and  of  niallice  fore  thought,  and  by  force  aii(i 
armes,  murder  John  Sassamon,  an  other  Indian,  by  laying  violent  hands  on 
him,  and  striking  him,  or  twisting  his  necke  vntill  hee  was  dead  ;  and  to  Indp 
and  conceale  this  theire  said  murder,  att  the  tynie  and  place  aibresnid,  did 
cast  his  dead  body  through  a  hole  of  the  iyce  into  the  said  pond." 

To  this  they  pleaded  "  not  guilty,"  and  put  themselves  on  trial,  say  the 
records.  The  jury,  however,  were  not  long  in  finding  them  guilty,  whirli 
they  express  in  these  words :  "  Wee  of  the  jury  one  and  all,  both  Englisli 
ana  Indians  doe  joyntly  and  with  one  consent  agree  upon  a  verdict." 

Upon  this  they  were  immediately  remanded  to  prison,  "  and  from  ilicncp 
[taken]  to  the  place  of  execution  and  there  to  be  hanged  by  the  head  f  \  ntiil 
theire  oodies  are  dead."  Accordingly,  Tobias  and  Mattashunannamo  wire 
executed  on  the  8  June,  1675.  "  But  the  said  Wampapa^uan,  on  some  con- 
siderations  was  reprieued  until  a  mouth  be  expired."  He  was,  however,  siioi 
within  th(   month. 

It  is  an  error  that  the  jury  that  found  them  guilty  was  composed  of  half 
Indians ;  there  were  bRt  four,  while  there  were  twelve  Englishmen.  We 
will  again  hear  the  record : — 

"  Itt  was  judged  very  expedient  by  the  court,  that,  together  with  tliii 
English  jury  aboue  named,  some  of  the  most  indifferentest,  grauest  and 
eage  Indians  should  be  adinitted  to  be  with  the  said  jui^,  and  t(i  lualpio 
consult  and  aduice  with,  of,  and  concerning  the  j)remises:  there  names 
are  as  foUoweth,  viz.  one  called  by  an  English  name  Hope,  and  Maskippam 
Wannoo,  George  Wampye  and  Acanootus ;  these  fully  concm-red  with  the 
jui-y  in  theire  verdict." 

'the  names  of  tiie  jurymen  were  William  Sabine,  WiUiam  Crocker,  Edwd 
Stwfris,  William  Brookes,  JVath'.  Wimlow,  John  Wadsworth,  Jlndrew  Rin^t, 
Robed  Vixon,  John  Done,  Jon<^,  Bangs,  Jon\  Shaw  and  Benj'K  Higgins, 

That  nothing  which  can  throw  light  upon  this  important  affair  be  pnsseJ 
over,  we  will  here  add,  from  a  hitherto  exceeding  scarce  tract,  the  foilowiD» 
particulars,  although  some  parts  of  them  are  evidently  erroneous:  "Abii 
five  or  six  years  since,  there  was  brought  up,  amongst  others,  at  the  colleie 
at  Cambridge,  (Mass.)  an  Indian,  named  Sosoman ;  who,  after  some  time  he 
had  spent  in  preaching  the  gospel  to  Uncas,  a  sagamore  Christian  in  his  ter- 
ritories, was,  by  the  authority  of  New  Plimouth,  sent  to  preach  in  like  man- 
ner to  King  Philip,  and  his  Indians.  But  King  Philip,  (heuthen-hke.l 
instead  of  receiving  the  gospel,  would  immediately  have  killed  this  Sosoinon. 
but  by  the  persuasion  of  some  about  him,  did  not  do  it,  but  sent  liini  hvihe  I 
hands  of  three  men  to  prison ;  who,  as  he  was  going  to  prison,  exhorted 
and  taught  them  in  the  Christian  religion.  They,  not  liking  his  discoiirsf, 
immediately  murthered  him  after  a  mo.st  barbarous  manner.  They,  return- 
ing to  King  Philip,  acquainted  him  with  what  they  had  done.  About  two 
or  three  months  after  this  murther,  being  discovered  to  the  authority  of  | 


*  The  same  called  Mattashinnamy.     His  nRtno  in  the  records  is  spelt  four  ways. 

t  This  old  phraseology  reminds  us  of  the  French  mode  of  expression,  couper  le  rmt,  Ihalii 
to  cut  off  the  neck  instead  of  the  head  ;  bin  the  French  say,  U  sera  pendu  par  sort  cou,  audii  | 
do  modern  hangmeu,  aiiaa  jurists,  of  our  times. 


in,  on  BOtne  con- 


m 


\     ' 

liiif 

nil 


Slit- -I  ^    >,i*| 

'■tym 


<(■.)■■; 


T,'iiiiriiiv</  Irfiii  /lif  riiiiiiKi/  ii.s  l'iil>/i.\/i,,l  I'll  I /ml  ill. 


CHAr.  11] 

New  riinioi 
tak"ii  to  liii' 


LIFE  OF  KINO   I'll  IMP 


13 


itli,  Joiiidh  Jf'iiisloir  lifiiit;-  tlicii  jrovrnior  oi"  tliiit  colony,  care  wna 
I  (Hit  tlic  iiiMrilicrcrs,  \\  Im,  iijioii   scarcl',  wcrr  |i)iiMil  imd  :i|)|in 


1 i  ,,|  anil,  mil  T  u  liiir  tiiiil,  \vci(!  all   liiiiifrcd.     'I'liis  so  cxiisitiTat.-'l   Kin 


\€: 


.Si.)f« 


,  7i>:. 


^'li  % 


■•*».\'' 


;    V 


'^ 


u     V 


'    ""t.  f 
[^^l 


UfA 


>  ,  I 


'i'^>. 


'^'aM 


i.',*! 


,'( t/  >  r«  1 


4 


-•; 

1 

.  \%-. 

I"' 

1 

f. 

t'' 

.VI". 


ak 


riiAP.  "•] 

\(>\v  riiiiionlli 
tiikcii  III  liml  •> 

Iirll(|f(l,  ;iM(l,  !l 

I'hiliji,  I  lull,  li-< 
jiiil-iriL'  lliiit  til 
killin:.'  aiiotlicr 


Ufr  nf  KI.NC   I 

.v(;/(.v  of  his  Inn 
SntlllirliCt —  I'.i 
Siriiiii/i  t'iijlit  II 
bij  Ondiii — t'iiri 
licrr.i — Inriilrnl 
ciiitiii'iiiij — Fiali 
nliris  III  ,\'iirrii 
of  lilsfiirlriss— 
.ii'iiinflii's  his  CI 

—  I'iiliini.s  (lod'ni 

—  Ilisrii'ifroiiii 
flill  into  llir  linn 
7Hf«  iif  llti:  li'inti 

I.N  Ti'iriinl  to  til 
ways|in'viiiic(l,  in 
;i.:  I':  II  lie  ii;))ir();ic 
(liscimi'.«(',  irid  lici 
Ik'cii  s(i;  in  iicjirl; 
iiiiil  tlicy  arc  jiiaii 
y('!ii'.<,  it  is  spolt  \\ 
iifiii'ly  till'  saiMO  s( 
come.  ;iii(l  Pontelac 

W'r  llllVc  aiKltllc 
tlic  IIJIIIII'  t)t'tllC  \v 

WIS  ilic  name  of  I 

Vliimii.    .\()  'tvojii 

towns  nii'n  told  (' 

tlifit  was  dear  to  I 

li\^il,  and  lliii<  mo- 

an  unknown  land  ! 

Jiiiii,  iind  d('S])air  t( 

llic  iingiiisliinir  crii 

wv  iiinst  rlian^'i!  tli 

It  sccins  as  tlioii; 

iionrh  all  of  Ids  pec 

si'lu'S.     Tlicy  ,«a\v 

losdplicrs  as  iin;  au 

tin<!  tlicir  manner 

poison,  and  wvro  ca 

Here  only  to  In-  oh; 

Ibnn  sonic  idea  of 

colony  wfii-e  disposi 

*  Pie.ie,it  fliute  of 
Jlloi'il'i   Imlimi    Wiii-s, 
I'HiMi-'s  War,   (rov<. 
rini.ivor.cKiv  of  iill  l„ 
'■w.\'y,U.)  lias  i,i5il  Ix'ci 

t  The  niilhor  d.^ls  a  i 
llicrcal  iKinio  of  i||(.  g-n 
perils,  Woutonekantisle 

2 


Chap.  H.] 


MIT.  or    KING   IMIIM" 


18 


Vi'W  niiii""'''>  Joi^i<i)i  ff  limlow  bciiij,'  tin  ii  ^ovi-nmr  of  ilint  cdlitny,  can-  wns 
fiki'ii  1"  '"'"'  •'"'  ''"'  "i'""''"''"'''"S  ^^l'"t  111'"'  sfiirrli,  were  roiiiKl  ami  a|i|iri!- 
IhIkIiiI,  1111(1,  alter  a  fair  trial,  u «•!•(!  all  liaii;L'c(l.  This  so  cMisiH'ratcd  Kiii« 
i>l,illj,,\U;iU  li'oiM  lli'it  'l-'iv  aUrr,  lie  stiidicd  to  he  r('V<Mijr<'(l  mi  tin-  I'liirlisli — 
jiiil.li'i;;'  iliat  tilt'  Miijfiisii  aiitiiurity  liad  iiotiiiiij.  to  do  to  liaii^'  an  Indian  lor 
itillinjr  aiiotlior."  * 

CHAPTKR   II. 


In  icfrard  to  the  mitivo  or  Indian  iinino  of  Piiimp,  it  sorms  n  iiiistako  lins  r1- 
wavsiiifvailcd,  in  printed  acfoiints.  PoMf'TACOM  jrives  as  near  its  Indian  sound 
;i;  I'  II  I"'  aiiproaclied  liy  our  'ettei-rf.  The  tirst  syllalde  was  dr  -pped  in  tiiiniliar 
(li<i'iMir.-i',  a'ld  hence,  in  u  siiort  time,  no  one  iiiiajrined  hut  Aviiat  it  iiad  always 
Iktiiso;  ill  nearly  'jvery  orij^iiial  ^WviX  executed  hy  him,  which  ve  have  seen, 
ami  tlicy  an;  many,  his  iianie  so  a|)|>ears.  It  is  true  ticit,  in  those  of  dilferent 
vi'iiis  it  i'' i^i'clt  with  some  iittii'  variation,  all  Avhich,  however,  conveyed  very 
iiiinlv  till'  saiiK'  sound.  The  variations  are  Piimntdrow,  PdiiKttitconi,  Pomda- 
fOHir.  iiiiil  Pomeldcon  ;  the  last  of  which  prevails  in  the  records. 

Wi'  Imve  another  important  discovery  to  commuiiicate  rf  it  is  no  f)tlier  than 
tlir  iKiiiic  of  the  wnh  (if  Povipfanoin — th(>  innocent  Wchitonkkanuskk  !  TIfm 
WIS  the  name  of  her  who,  with  lii-r  little  son,  fell  into  tlie  hands  of  (^iptaiu 
Chnnli.  .\o  wonder  that  Philip  was  "now  ready  to  die,"  as  some  of  his  trai- 
tmipiis  iiiCM  told  Church,  and  tiiat  "iiis  !ieait  was  now  ready  to  break  !  "  All 
ili;ir  was  dear  to  him  was  now  swallowed  up  in  the  vortex  !  I5iit  they  still 
ji\;,l,  jiiiil  this  most  harrowed  his  soul — lived  for  what  r"  to  si>rve  as  slaves  in 
ail  iiiikiinwn  land  !  could  it  !)(>  otherwise  than  that  madness  should  seize  ujum 
liiin,  mid  despair  torment  him  in  every  })lace  ?  that  in  liis  sleep  he  should  hear 
ihc  iiiifruisliing  cries  and  lamentations  of  fFootontkanmke  and  his  son  ?  IJut 
we  iiiust  cliaiijrf'  the  scene. 

It  st'ciiis  as  thoujfli,  lor  many  years  heforo  the  war  of  1G7."),  Pometttcom,  and 
nearly  ail  of  iiis  ])eople  sold  olf  tiioir  lands  asfhst  as  purchasers  presented  tliem- 
schcs.  They  saw  the  prosperity  of  the  Eii<;Tisli,  and  they  were  just  such  plii- 
liwiplicrs  as  are  easily  captivateil  by  any  show  of  ostentation.  Thej'  wi're  tVirsa- 
kiiii:  tlii'ii'  iiianncir  of  life,  to  which  the  jiroximity  of  the  whites  was  a  deadly 
piiisoii,  and  were  eaiier  to  obtain  suc'>  things  as  their  neighbors  |)ossessed  ;  these 
wi'ir  only  to  be  obtained  by  ])arting  with  their  lands.  That  the  reader  may 
i'lnii  some  idea  of  the  rapidity  with  which  the  Indians'  lands  in  IMiniouth 
t'oiimy  were  disposed  of,  wo  add  the  following  items  : — 

I'lvsi'iif  Siaff  (if  A'ew  En'j;land,  by  a  iiicrcliniit  (if  Hostoii,  in  n'spcrt  ^)  tlie  present 
IVfinhj  Iwli.in  Wilis,  pap^d  ,'5,  folio,  Lriiidoii,  lliTli.  This,  willi  Ibiir  oilier  tnicls  ii|)on 
i'luiir's  Wau,  (rovi^riiiff  llic  whole  pi-rioil  ol'ii,  wilii  notes  hy  inyicll,  iicconipniiicil  l.y  a 
r;ii;n\()i.oiiv  of  all  Iiidiau  events  in  America  I'rom  its  discoverylo  the  iiresent  time,  (IMarcli 
"ill.  l'!.)ii.)  has  j.isl  heeii  piihlished  under  I  lie  title  of  the  Oi.i)  In  in  an  ( 'ii  tnisii  i.k. 

t  The  niilhor  feels  a  peculiar  salisfaction  that  it  has  fallen  to  his  lot  to  lie  the  lirst  to  publish 
llir  real  iiaiia^  of  the  ^rtivil  sachem  of  the  Wampaiioags,  and  also  that  of  the  sharer  of  Ills 
perils,  \Vootoiiei(mus/ce, 


Im 


1 


•r';'-*<f,>,'i.; ,  ■ 

■,;  «/"■',,.'■■'• 

i;K.f '.  ,*. v:  ■■>.  I'  ."^ ' 

■f  * ,' .  ■  ■  -i' ' 

"'  »■•'•:    ii^  ■ 
;.  '-V-   - 


'i.i;^f!iui| 


•   *'f:V'      lit  '"^>VtJ 

Mjiii 
i 

M,   *,,  .,.   -.  ,■'.,('..      ;JH.iv-:i!r; 


"■■■  '      }>m.t 


'^■m- 


14 


rmi.ir— SALKs  of  his  lands. 


[Hook  III 


fii  n  'Ic'pd  (liitf'il  Qf]  JiiiH',  KlfM,  "  WxUiitm  Hrrnlon,  of  Nr-wport,  l{.  I.  „„,r. 
<'li;inl, '  "  fin-  a  valiiuMc  ronsidrnniiin  "  |ini(l  li\  liim,  Imys  iMata|M)iM'it  ni'l'liii;., 
'J'his  (Ir'fd  Itc^fiiis,  '•  I,  I'umdtinnm  alias  I'liitlp,  cliicl"  saclii'iii  nf  iMoiint  li,,|,„ 
("invsimipsit  and  1)1"  all  tcrritori;  s  thrM'iiiilo  l)rloin:iiijf."  Pliilijn\\u\  liis  \m;! 
Itiitli  si^riM'd  this  drcd,  and  'l\irk(mniik,  H'tro/iaiihlm,'  ^YiniliKiini.idii,  I'mmn. 
(Iiiits-r,  .  Iixriiiiiiiili,  Tiiiniiiiiks!rl;i\  I'lUjiioiiiick,  Ihitaixttiihur,  >  liliii'lii<iiiisli,Jiii,i^ 
.SV/,s,w(»o«  iIm' iiilcr"  tcr,  /{oirliiiiil  Sasmtinoii,  nin\  \\\n  Jlii^rlislinicn,  ^i^rn,,,] , , 
wiini'ssi's. 

In  1(1(1"),  lie  Hild  'onntry  almnt   AcdwlHMui,  [now  New  Hrdii  iij,]  ^m,] 

C(ta\('f,  [now  in  Cn:  ,  i.]  /'/(/////.'»  liilJHT  liavinsr  prcvinMsly  miM  si)||||.,,|' 
tin'  same,  £10  wnf  n(i\v  f^ivcu  liini  u>  picvfiif  any  claim  \h>\n  liini,  and  to  ||.,v 
lor  liis  niaikini;  <»iit  tlic  Hanii;.  John  If'oomnsman  [oiu!  ot'tlio  iiaiiu's  of  Snssn 
luoii]  >\itnrsscd  tlii.s  i\i'rt\. 

Tlic  same  year  tlic  cduit  of  I'linioiitli  prcsciiU'd  Philip  vvitli  a  liorsc,  hut  mi 
wlial  acfonnt  wr  nn;  not  iniiinncd. 

In  l<l(»'2,  Wrcntliain  was  pin-cliascd  of  I'liHip  ity  tlic  Enffii^li  of  Dcdlinin 
It  was  Ihcii  called  HiiltomotiomHii^,  and,  liy  the  amount  assessed,  appears  to  Ii,n, 
cost  £'21  lO.y.,  and  was  six  miles  sijiiare.  l''or  this  tract  of  land  tlie  l!ni.'li>ii  li;„i 
bocneiideavorinj,'  toiieirotiatc  liv(!  yeais.+  "  In  Nov.  KM!!*,  npon  notice  of/'/nL, 
Sai,'ann)nMif  Alonnt  Hope,  now  at  Wollomonopua^',  oil!  rinff  a  treaty  of  Iiisi,ii|,< 
tliereal)onts,  not  yet  piM'cliased,"lhe  selectmen  appoint  li\'e  persons  to  ii(;f(iti;i]i. 
w  illi  him  "  I'or  his  remaining;'  ri.iiht,  pi'ovided  la;  can  show  lliat  he  has  iim,'- 
W  nether  liis  rii;lit  were  (jueslionaide  or  not,  it  seems  a  purdaise  was  nuuli,;,! 
that  time,  of  the  tract  called  iyui>Hi>mm(>nuppof!;uc,  "  witiiin  the  town  hoiiiiilsiiii' 
Dedham]  not  yet  pin'chased."  W'liat  the  full  <'oiisideralion  was,  oin-doi'iiiiK'ni* 
tlo  not  state,  hnt  li-om  a  manuscript  order  which  he  drew  on  Dedham  afteiuunk 
and  \\\v  accompanyinj,'  receipt,  some  estimate  may  he  formed.  The  order  n. 
cjiie-^ls  tlu'Mi  "/o  piiji  to  thin  ()vari:r,J'or  the  use.  of  Wis u  I'iiimp,  £">,  5s.  in  iiwimj. 
and  C')  in  //•i"7i //iic  cloth  at  moncjj  prircP     In  a  receipt  sifjiu'd  liy  an  M|Lfiiit lif 


I  full  s'ltinfartion  with  £10  thdl  ha  is  to  receive  of  jyinnamn  I'win. 

\Ve  next  meet  with  a  Miiij,mlar  reconl  of  Philip,  \\u'  authorship  of  wliicliH,. 
nttriliute  to  John  Sassamon,  and  which,  ItesidcK  extendinf,'  our  kiio\\|(i|(;c„i' 
Philip  into  his  earlier  tina-s,  serves  to  mako  lis  ucciiialnted  with  Scuisuimii''siv- 
(iniremenfs  in  the  !aiiiriia<i(!  of  tla;  |)il<jrims. 

"  Know  all  men  by  these  presents,  that  Philip  Imuo  giupll  ])Ower  viito /r,|. 
tnchpoo  II  and  Sampson  and  tliein;  hrethren  to  hold  and  make  sale  of  to  uiiimi 
tiny  will  hy  my  consent,  and  tliey  sliall  not  liaue  itt  without  they  he  williii'.' m 
jett  if  j,'oe  it  shal  he  sol  hy  my  consent,  l)iit  without  my  kiiowle<lffe  tliey  (miiiiit 
Haleiyto:  hut  with  my  consent  there  is  none  that  can  lay  clainie  to  lliiit  lum! 
which  they  haiie marked  out,  it  is  theires  li)reuer,  soo  therefore  none  cmii  sniilv 
purchase  any  otlicrwiso  hut  hy  Wntnchpoo  and  Sampson  and  their  hrellnnii. 

PiiiLii'  llilid.' 

^Vhotlipr  the  followinjff  hitter  wore  written  earlier  or  later  than  this  we  Imw 
no  means  of  knowiiiir ;  it  is  plain,  however,  from  its  contents,  that  it  viiHwritim 
at  a  time  when  he  was  stroii,i;ly  opposed  to  srllin^  his  lands,  and  that  ilicimi- 
j)le  of  Plimoitth  were  (Mideavorinji  to  ^et  him  to  their  court,  where  tlnv  li.il 
reason  to  helievr-  they  could  succeed  hetter  in  ifetting  them  than  i)y  a  iii'!.'"in- 
tioii  in  his  own  country.     Tlio  letter  follows: — 

"  To  the  much  honored  Governer,  Mr.  Thomas  Princo,  dwelling;  at  Plimnuth. 
"Kin<f  Pnir.iP  desire  to  let  you  understand  that  la;  could  not  come  to  the 
court,  for  Tom,  his  iiiteriH-eter,  has  a  pain  in  his  hack,  that  ho  could  not  tr.ivil 

"■  I'crliaps  Uiicoinpniii. 

t  Wortliina.'im's  Hist,  ncdliiini, '20 — from  wliicli  wmk  il  woidd  sroiiitlial  the ncgolialioii haJ 
been  r.irricil  on  willi  Philip,  hul  I'liilip  was  not  saulii'in  until  \\\\s  year. 

\  ll.id. 

^  (icncraj  Court  Files. 

II  .Sometimes  Tukpoo  by  abbreviation.  A  further  account  of  him  will  be  fouiifl  in  llic  life  of 
Taloson, 


[H<l(iK  III 

irt,  H.  1.  iiHT. 

iMoiiiit  rni|ii., 

milt  liis  \\i\,. 
11/1(1)1,  I'liiiijiii. 

'(■/(((/l/l'.t/l,  Juliii 

urn,  sij,'ii('i|  iL< 
Hi'dli'ril,]  ;iii,| 

f^dlll    Sllliiriil' 
111,  mill  III   |i;,v 

lilies  of  S(im 
I  liorsc,  l)iit  III) 

ill  of  DriUiniii, 
ijiprarstiiliiur 
he  l'",ll'j;li>li  h,v! 
loticiMir/'/ii/i'ji, 
•iity  of  liisl;iii,:< 

:)1IS  to  llt'J.'(ili;il.i 

ln!  Ims  llll\,"; 
;r  was  iiiiulivil 
iiwii  ImiuiiiI>:m|' 
1,  oiiriloi'iiiiKHN 
limn  aftfruiink 

'I'lio  iirdir  ii- 
C'),  i»s.  in  nviiuij, 

hy  all  iiLTiim' 
ICC  lolliijKijimi:': 
Is.  in  mtiiKji,  iiiii! 
ir?7/  miiki:  it  nj); 
illiitnid  PninL". 
lii|)  of  wiiirhwi' 

r   Ullo\\lnlL'i''il' 

1  SassanwiCs  iv- 

Dowor  viito  li'.i- 
;al('  ol"  t(i  wlidiii 
icy  1)<!  williii':  1" 

'("l<f(!  tlicycillllial 

liiiiic  to  thai  liiiiil 
noni!  ciiii  Mil'ilv 
licir  hn'tlit'ivii, 
[•niLii>  liliiti.'' 
Iiaii  this  wi'linv.' 
liat  it  viiswriiiin 
liid  that  till'  I""- 
luiicrc  tlii'V  liii'l 
111  by  u  iicgom- 

ms;  at  Pliimuth. 
liot  COMIC  to  llie 
[could  not  troil 


ilic  nogolialwii  ka 


I'lIILII'.— HALF.M  or   Ills   I.ANDH. 


I      II  1  rillMI". — MAlil.M    m      lll«    I.A.^1I«.  15 

,)  l;ir  and  PlnHp  J'i^t''''  '■"•  *'''''.V  nick.  I'liili/)  uoiilil  iiiticat  that  favor  of  yon, 
^'ii,|iii'i\  iiflhc  niajcslrat.x,  il'aiicy  l''.n;;lisli  or  MiijU'iaiis  sjicaU  iiliont  iiiicy  laiii'|,lii) 

ii-iv  \ii\\  to  ;,'inc  iliriii  no  an-cwcr  at  all.  'I'liis  last  sinnincr  ho  maid  llial 
liiii'iiii-i  widi  yon  that  III'  wonid  not  sell  no  land  in  7  _\rars  lime,  (iir  that  Im 
uiiiild  lii'V  ""  '''"r''*''  "'"'dill'  hini  lii'fori'  that  lime,  he  has  not  liir^'ol  that 
y,iii  iiniinis  him.     IW  will  comt'  a  snni"  as  |iossi'ltlt'  he  can  to  speak  with  yon, 

mill  M'  1  ri'<*^>  ,       .      ,. .      , 

your  vi  ry  lovcin;?  nund 

I'liii.ii'    |> 

(Iwcliin^r  at  mount  iiopt^  nek."  * 

III  l(;il7, 1'liHip  ^«'lls  to  Coiifititnl  So'.ilhirorlli,  and  others,  nil  the  meadow 
|.iii,|s  t'lein  Darlmonlh  to  Alala^ioisi'ti,  for  which  he  had  .CI.").  Particular 
JHiiaiils  to  all  tracts  an;  mentioned  in  the  deeds,  lint  as  they  were  ifcnerally  or 
(ilii  1)  ."iiakcs,  trees,  and  heaps  of  istones,  no  one  at  this  liine  iniii  trace  many  of 

Till'  same  year,  lor  "  £10  sterling',"  he  sells  to  Tims.  ICilld  and  others,  "  all 
ijiiit  inii'tiif  land  lyinj;  between  the  irnier  Wanascoltatjiiett  and  ( "awaloijiiissi'tt, 
liriiiiT  two  miles  loiijr  undone  broad."  PtncstKinciis,  tnn:  i)l'  Pliili/t\H  connsel- 
|,ii«.  Mild  Toiii  alias  Siiivsintt,  an  interpreter,  were  witnesses  to  the  sale. 

Ill  U\i't!<," I'liill/i  P<>nt(t(t<'()m,nin\  7'((/(n/u//;i«(/»f'| alias  ('(IsIkii'iihIiiiI,  sachems," 
Ini'ii  "  valualili'  consideration,"  sell  to  sundry  l'".n;;Tisli  a  tract  of  some  sijiiare 
mill's.  A  part  of  it  was  adjacent  to  I'okanoket.  In  describiiif:  it,  iMemennck- 
niiiii.'!' and  'i'owanselt  neck  are  mentioned,  which  we  conclude  to  be  in  Swuii- 
s\.  licsiilcs  two  J']n;ilishmi'n,»S'»)/i//»ui/(CH,  alias  Tom,  and  jVanannntncic,  >n>n 
^,{' Tlioinas  Pianlti,  were  witnesses  to  this  sale. 

'flic  iii'M  year,  tlie  same  sachems  sell  500  acres  in  Swaiisey  for  JC!20.  If'anuco, 
ariiiiiisclioi',  and  7'ow  the  interpreter,  were  witnesses. 

Ill  lliti'"^,  Pliilij)  and  I'licom/iitmn  laid  claim  to  a  pari  of  New-meadows  neck, 
!ill('!.'iiiir  that  il  was  not  intended  to  be  conveyed  in  a  former  (U'C(\,  by  Ossamr- 
Hi/i'/i  and /r<i;;(.»i/</«,  to  certain  Miifilish,  "altlion}j:h  it  appears,  says  tiie  record, 
iiivtiv  clearly  so  expressed  in  said  deed,"  "yet  that  peace  and  frien(lshi|)  may 
lirdiiiliaiu.'d,"  "Capt.  Ifilld,  .Mr.  /irott'u  and  John  .'lllin,  in  the  behalf  of  tiii'iii- 
Ml\,.<aiKl  the  rest,"  agree  to  give  Philip  uiid  Uncompawen  the  siini  of  jCI  I  in 
goods, 


Itii 


Tom  Sansuwest,  interpreter, 
And  Ni.MROD. 


Philip  Nanuskookk  I /ijs        mark, 
V.vcoMPAWEN  his  X  m  rk. 


The  same  year,  we  find  tlie  following  record,  wlilcli  is  doubly  intcM-estiiig, 
fioiii  the  plan  with  which  Ave  are  abh'  to  accompany  it,  drawn  by  Philip  him- 
si'it'.  lie  contracts  or  agrees,  by  the  foUowing  writing  under  his  hand,  in  these 
wiii'ds:  "this  may  inform  ihe  honoured  court  [of  IMimoiith,]  that  I  Philip  amo 
williiii;' to  sell  the  land  within  this  ilranght ;  but  the  Indians  that  are  vpon  it 
iiiiiy  lino  vpon  it  still;  but  the  land  that  is  [wastc]^  may  lu!  sould,and  ffaltach- 
1)00  is  of  the  saiiKMiiinde.  I  have  sed  dowiie  ail  the  priiicipall  iiaiues  of  the 
laiid  wee  are  willing  should  bee  sould." 

"  From  Paoanaiikett  Phillip  ^  his  markc.''^ 

the  24  of  the  12  1  no,  J  GG8." 


^  1  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Ncf.  ii.  10.  The  oriniiial  was  owned  by  a  iMr.  While  of  I'linioulli, 
alioul  lid  years  asro.     It  is  |)r(il)nl)ly  another  prodiiotioii  ot'  John  Sassiimon. 

t  Written  In  anoliier  deed,  Alinifcaiiioiiiak,'.  Tiiis  di'cd  was  in  the  next  year.  It  was  of 
ofKl  aires  (if  land, '•  more  or  lesse."  in  Swanscy  ;  and  dC'20  the  eoiisideratioii.  Iliiish  Coli', 
j'lji /.<  M'/H.s/cur,  John  Co^i-is-eshall,  ami  Constant  Soulhworth  were  the  purciiasers,  and  IVanueo, 
a  cuiiiisellor,  one  of  the  witnesses. 

{ This  double  name,  we  suppose,  v,  '.s  meant  to  stand  for  tlie  signature  of  himself  and  wife 

{)  So  in  tlie  records. 


'     V    V  ■■'■h\ 


found  in  tiic  life  o 


?v'/ 


:''>y' 


I 


WaiiMcnhnrUnH. 


IMIII.II'— SAl.r.S  or   MIS   LANDS. 

Wi'vviiiol. 


[n)o«  III. 


Thiif  line  it  a  i)<ilh 


Sepa- 
cuuuti 


Ascopoinpamockf. 


i'ullllitllUl, 

l'iitnu(att)iii>t, 
Aieoucliuiiicit, 

iMacliii|i<|tiak('. 

Apoiicccll. 
This  is  a  puUt, 

Aiiu(|uca8Sftt. 

Cottoyowsckcpscii. 


"  Osamrtiuen"  Imvirijr,  "for  viiluulilo  cfiiisidcnitioiis,"  in  flic  yenr  1(111,  miLi 
to  John  liiDwn  anil  Hilwitril  Itinshnn  ii  tnirt  of  Iniiil  »'ij.'lit  miles  s(|iinrr,  hiii- 
ati'd  on  iiotii  siilcs  of  I'lilinrr's  Kivcr,  I'liiliji,  on  tin'  MO  iVIar.  Kili.-^,  \vii,<  p. 
quired  to  siirn  ii  ijnit-claini  ol'tlie  same.  'I  liis  in-  did  in  on  ii'nct-  i>\' VmjiU 
kisiikc,  J'hillif),  and  I'ccht,*  vimutu'Wurf,  Soncunnrlicn',  I'ldlli^i^s  hrotlicr,  iim! 
7'oHt  the  intri|tffti.'r.t     Tiiis  trart  includes  the  present  town  ol'  Hclmlidili. 

Also  ill  1  (!()!»,  Cor  £10  "  aiidanotlier  vidiialile  and  siillieient  ;-'r.Mliiiiy,"lM's('ll< 
to  John  Cool;  of  Akiiseiiag  in  Durtinoutli,|;  "one  whole  island  ueie  the  lowii," 
culled  Nokatay. 

The  saiiu!  year,  Philip  mid  Tusprniuin  sell  a  eonsiderahle  tract  of  Iniid  in 
Middlehoroii^ii,  for  £lli.  VViohk/s  the  interpreter,  jyillium,  t\n-,  son  dl' 7W 
paquin,  and  licnjamin  Church,  wen;  witniisses. 

In  l(i7!,  Philip n\ul  "  Jl/o»i;'oA-«wof  ]Matta|>oisett,"  for  Co,  sell  to  HuifhCoh.i.i 
Swiinsey,  ship\vri<j;ht,  iund  lyiiijr  near  ii  place  called  .lcftsh(w<th,h\  DartiiKniiL 

In  1(l7"-i,  Philip  sold  to  If'illium  Jirenton  and  others,  of  'raiiiiton,  a  tnwi  ii 
the  southward  of  that  town,  contiiiniiifj;  twelve!  sijiii,.'  miles,  for  £\4'i:  nin!, 
a  few  days  alter,  adjoining  it,  four  sipiare  miles  more,  to  Constant  Soulliw  " 
Others  wvre  eoncerii(;d  in  the  sale  of  the  larger  tract,  as  is  jihIl'i  '  ' 
deeds  lieiiig  signed  liy  .Winkdrnpnliuonett,  Umnnlhinn,  alias  '" 
viaua^lilon,  and  ('aptain  jlnnuwani,  hesides  one  Philip.     Thoi 


(I   11}  III" 

\'imrutl,  (%i- 

mas,  alias  Siiid- 


"> 


svit,  was  among  the  witnesses.     The  sale  of  the  last  tract  was  witiieissiMl  In 
Mnwishiim,  nWiis  JVimrod,  H'onckompawhiin,^  and  ("a|»taiii  .'Innowan. 

Thi'se  are  hut  a  part  of  the  sales  of  land  liy  Pomi  lac.oni :  many  otiicr  rliiil* 
sold  very  largely,  |tartieiilarly  ff'atuspamiin  and  Josias  ftampaturk. 

At  tilt!  court  of  J'limoiitli,  Ki/M,  "Mr.  Peter  Talmon  of  Jthode  Hand  cnin- 
phiined  against  Philip  allies  ff'ewasowanuett,  sachem  of  Mount  Hope,  limili  r 

or        ■  '•"  '  ' '    ■         ■    • 

h 

ell     «I\»1I     \Hi      HHy     »     »*ir'T,j     l\J     llHy      VLItl  ■  1(«&^^^     »^1      l^t0\.    \J\J      JV/t   t1.  11  111   V      "A      11      »'V71|\1      </»       |-»tl     II    II     lllfi-, 

bearing  date,  June  the  28th,  10(51,  giiien  to  the  said  Peter  Talmun,  ohlijiii.' 


phiined  against  Philip  allies  U'ewasowumiett,  sachem  of  Mount  Hope,  limili  r 
or  prerlecessor  of  Pakanawkcll  as  heirt;  adiniimostrator  or  .successor  viitniii- 
hrother  or  prcdi^cessor  Wamsitta,  Sopaqiiitt,\\  or  Alexander  deceased,  in  in 
action  on  tin;  case,  to  the  damage  of  £rOO  forleiture  of  a  liond  of  such  a  viliii, 

1.     ! I  -  i        T - 1        t^^wi       I/./. I         • ^        ,1  •!      iij  rwi    I  ,11'..:.. 


*  C;ille(l,  in  Mr.  Iliililmrd's  liistory,  Tiiehe ;  he  was  afterwnnis  killed  at  Swaiisey,  in  li.'' 
boEjiimiiij;' of  tlin  war.     Tliero  is  a  pmid  in  Niirniiraiiset  of  tin;  same  name. 

t  Mi.  Bliss,  ill  his  IIisroKV  ov  IIkhoiiuth,  (Jl,  Gj,  has  priulud  this  deed  from  l'. 
original. 

t  The  place  wliere  Cook  live<I  is  now  inclndod  in  New  Bedford. 

^  Prolialiiy  "  I'ldlip's  old  uncle  Akkompoiii." 

Il  Tiiat  is,  nicknamed  Alexander,  acconlinglo  the  French  mode  of  expression ;  oiipar>cl~' 
quel  Alexander,  as  I  imagine.  Mr.  lIiMiard  says  of  J'InIi)),  (Narrative,  10,)  that,  "for  li* 
ambitious  and  haughiy  spirit,  [he  was]  nickuainod  King  Philip." 


[\\)'>tl  111. 


I'llU.ir-MAKr.S   A 


anct. 


utntoiivt. 


mclmincit. 


|iupc[iiak(<. 


aiicccU. 

JSftt. 

jjowjckcoscU. 

1  ycnr  1(541,  wili 
ilcs  sqiiMrr,  siiii 
ir.  l'>t'"''i  WHS  iv- 
H'lii'c  •'!  f'ni|if-i- 
I  /s   hi'Kllii'i',  mill 
I  «)t"  Hcliiiliiilli. 
<.friitiiily,'MicMll' 
iidt'  till'  I(iu:i'," 

triK't  of  ImnrHi 
tlu!   him  III'  7'i* 

1  to  7/i(i,'/i  Colt. Ill' 

],i/i,  ill  Dai'tiiiiiHil. 

uiiliiti,  11  ln\ii  ii 

lor  .i:i4;j:  iiH.l 

[is  jiitl^'i'd  li\  til" 
]ri   „\'iinml,  flm- 

as  wUiit's:-!'!!  Iiy 

•  noifdrt. 

iKiiiy  othci'di'ii^ 
utlnrk. 
[hoilt"  Uaiiil  ('"111- 
lilt  lli'ix',  lii"'l;f 
iicccssor  vut'i  i'!' 
(U'cciiscil,  ill  i^n 

1(1  orsiifliiivalii'. 

at  Swiuiscy/mw 
fihis   ilcccl  irm  ''■■' 


Icssion  •,  o»  pi'' 


S(lH- 


MI>|1M'!"IIS  III     III"      '  '■■ '   "."■.    r- 

„lUi"i'i""""""''' '"'"'"■''"'''*'"''/' "'"'  '"  '■''•■''''>  "•■"ii'i'iviiifr  iniscliii'ti" 
I  ,.,„,, I,,  vciir  oI'IiIh  roiniii;.'  in  I'liiir.-^nciit'iii,  niiuiiiiH  ii  (|iirf<tioii,  to  tliis  dny, 
with  lliiisi'  lii'?*t  iici|iiniMt«'(l  with  tlir  lii>t()ry  oTlliosc  liiiirH. 

'I'lir  (lid  liriirvoli'Mt  sdcliriii  .Miissiisiiil,  iiliiis  n'oiiS'imniuiv,  Imviiii'  died  in 
tlic  wiiiiiT  ol"  Hit>l-'^i  '"*  *^''  Ix'lirvi',  lint  H'W  iiioiillis  nl>n-  dirtl  iil.-m  .  Ih rnii'fir, 
I'liillii'i  I'l'liT  lirotluT  mid  |in'd<'ci'ssor,  wliiii  I'hilij)  llilll^'<'lt',  l»y  the  onji  r  nl' 
mi,Trr.:-i<'ii.  "•""I''  "»  '"'  ••liii'l" ol' I Im'  \V(iin|ianoiiys. 

I'liiliit  lifiviii;f  In  li'tttT  (•oiiiplniiicd  to  llic  roiiit  ol'  I'linioiitli  of  some  iii- 
niiiis  (It  tlirii"  Oclolicr  term,  l(i<iH,  tliey  f^jiy,  "  In  answer  nnto  a  li  iter  (i-nni 
l>l,lliji,\\\v  sMclieni  of  I'okaiioUett,  \i-.,  Iiy  way  of  |ictiti(in  reiineslin;;-  the 
nmr!  iiir  justife  ajraiiist  Fniiiri.i  Ha.il,  [h'tut,]  liir  wroni;'  done  hv  liini  lo  oni! 
i,l'|i'>i  iiii'ii  nliont  a  iiuu  taken  from  liini  iiy  tlie  said  Hitst;  as  also  tiir  wron^ 
(Imii'  iiMlo  some  swiiie  ol'  the  said  Indian's.  The  eoiirt  iiave  ordered  tliM 
i.;i„.  til  li<'  liearil  iiiid  determined  hy  the  sele<-tnieii  orTannlon  ;  and  in   ease 


Ml  II     i'  ii»  I     1  i»    "    »    II     •  '^»      ^1    II    1    •  I  I  ■•    I  I     <  'I       ■   nil  111  <  'I  I    ,     iiiii  (     ■•  ■       »   1 

iiem  ended,  that  it   he   reli'rred   unto  the   next   iMareh  eomt 


r;iM'  t 

it  !»■  iHit  Iiy  I 

I'liiiioiilli  to  I"' ''iided."     Ilou  the  case  tinned  we   have  not   liMiiid.     Mnt  lor 

Mil  liiiliiin  to  ,i.'ain  his  |Miiiit  at  an  I'ji^dish  eonrt,  unless  his  case  were  an  e\- 

(■(■('iliii^'  stniiij:  one,  wiis,  we  a|i|>relieiid,  a  rare  oceiirreiice. 

"ill'  was  no  sooner  styled  sachem,"  says  Dr.  /.  .Mulliir,'  "lint  immediately, 
ill  till'  \far  KKi'i,  there  wen^  vehemi'iit  snsjiicioiis  of  his  hloody  treachery 
iii'iiiiii^t  the  I'lii^lish."  This  author  wrote  at  the  close  of  l'hilip\i  war,  when 
yriv  li'W  I'oiild  s|ieak  of  Indians,  without  discoverini;"  ;.'reat  hiiteriiess.  Mr. 
,V»rf')iit  i''*  'I"'  '"'■'*'  ^^''"'  iiientions  .]/Wr(ro//i<7  in  a  priiiti-d  work,  \vliieh,  Ik  iii;r 
iH'liiic  Miiy  ditliciil'v  with  him,  is  in  a  i.  ire  hecominij  manner.  "This  year," 
(KKi'i,)  ill'  ohserves,  "  npon  occasion  ol'soine  suspicion  ol'some  plot  intended 
In  till'  hiiliaiis  ai^iiinst  tiie  r.n^dish,  I'hxlip,  the  sachem  ol"  |'okan<ikci,  ollier- 
wix' culled  .l/('/«roHi,  made  his  appearance  at  the  court  held  at  I'hmontli, 
AiiL'iist  fi,  did  earnestly  desire  the  eontiniifince  of  that  amity  and  friendship 
ih.il  liiitii  liirnierly  heeii  hetwcieii  the  f^dvernor  of  IMimoiitli  and  his  deceased 
liitlicr  and  hrother." 

Till'  ('(lint  expressiii},'  their  willinj;ness  U>  remain  his  friends,  he  si^'iied  tho 
aitii'lt's  iirepared  hy  them,  acknowledjiini;-  himself  a  sidiject  of  the  kin^'  of 
Kiifriiuid,  tliiLs : — 

"  Th",  mark  of  i;  Pmr-r.ip,  sachem 
of  I'omwtkelty 
The  mark  if  <]  V.\ci  mi'owf.tt, 
vnkill  Id  the  abuiie  said  sacht  in." 

Tlif  followiiii;'  persons  were  present,  and  witnessed  this  act  o\' Philip,  and 

liis  L'li'at  captain  Uncoiiipuin  : — 

".Toii.v  Sassamo.v, 
Tlir  mark  III  o/"1''ra.ncis,  sarhein  ofJVaiuiet, 
The  mark  1)1  o/'NiMuon  aUn.t  Pi'MPasa, 
The  murk  y  tf  l*t  >(K(irA.\KCK, 
Tlie  mark  ^  fl/'AquETEQUEHii."! 

Ol'llie  uneasiness  and  concern  of  the  Englisli  at  this  ]ioriod,  from  tlie 
hostile  inmeinents  of  Philip,  IMr.  Hubbaril,  we  presume,  was  not  inlbrmcd; 
or  so  iiiipoitunt  an  event  would  not  have  lieen  omitted  in  his  mimitc'  and 
valiiiilile  history.  Mr.  Motion,  as  we  hefore  stated,  and  Mr.  Mather  mention 
it,  lint  neither  of  these,  or  any  writer  since,  to  this  day,  has  made  the  niattei- 
a|i|ii'iir  ill  its  true  lifrht,  from  their  neglect  to  produce  the  names  of  those 
that  ajipearcd  with  the  sachem. 


■  ■  ^\  ■ 


^Uil 


^^'■m 
'^'"^^■M 


■vi^jiiii. 


.  10,)  to,  " 


lot  h*  I 


•Rclalion,  72.        f  In  liis  i\.  Eiiglaml's  Memorial. 
2# 


I  I'"ri)iii  llic  records  in  vinnnsmpt. 


18 


PHILIP.— PURSUIT  OF  GIBBS. 


[Book  III 


For  ul)oiif,  iiiiio  yenns  siircccdinji  1()()2,  vvvy  littlo  is  rofonlcd  roiirrniino 
Philip.  Diiriiifr  tliis  time,  lie  iH-caiiic  more;  intimately  iKMiiiaiiitt'd  \\ii]|  |,j^ 
Eii^'lisli  iici;;lilt()rs,  Icaiiicd  tlirir  WfaJiiiesw  aiirl  Jiis  cmii  stiTii^tli.  wlii,!, 
rather  inereaserl  than  diitiinislied,  until  his  liital  war  of  1(175.  For,  (Imji,, 
this  t)erio(l,  not  only  their  additional  inunhers  gained  them  power,  hut  tluir 
arms  were  ;,rreatly  strenirtheiied  hy  the  Knfrli.xh  instruments  of  war  |iiii  j|,|,j 
their  hands.  Rosier  IViUiiims  had  early  hrought  the  Narrajiansets  into  liii ||,|. 
ship  with  Afiissctsoit,  whieh  alliance  gained  achlilionitl  strength  on  lliciH(i>. 
sioii  of  the  young  .1/f/«come/.  And  here  we  may  look  f()r  a  main  caiisc  of  11,^1 
war,  although  the  death  oi' .fikxander  is  generally  looked  ujton  hy  the  (iiiiy 
historian.^,  as  almost  the  only  t)ue.  Tlu;  continual  broils  between  tiic  Kn '. 
lish  and  Narraganset.s,  (we  name  the  English  tirsi,  us  they  were  g(i;(.|;i||v 
the  aggressors,)  could  not  her  unknown  to  P/iiVyi ;  and  if  his  coniitiMmJi 
were  wronged  he  Knew  it.  And  what  fi'iend  will  see  anotluir  ahuscil,  uii||. 
out  feeling  a  glow  of  resentment  in  his  breast.''  And  who  will  woihIicJ.; 
when  these  abuses  had  tlillowcd  each  other,  re[tetiti(ni  upon  re|)etiti(jii,  ii,r 
a  series  of  years,  that  they  should  at  last  break  out  into  open  war  r  T||f, 
Narragiuiset  chiefs  were;  not  conspicuous  at  the  period  of  which  we  siicnk; 
there  were  several  ol"them,  but  no  one  a|)pears  to  have  had  a  gencn;!  (nn,. 
mand  or  ascendency  over  the  rest ;  and  there  can  Ije  little  donlit  hut  ilmt 
they  unanimously  reposed  their  cause  in  the  hands  ol'  Philip.  j\'inlirnl  w:,< 
at  this  time  grown  old,  and  though,  I'or  many  years  after  the  miinlcr  ,,( 
Mianhnmomoh,  he  seems  to  have  had  the  chief  authority,  yet  liusilliuiijnjtv 
was  always  rather  a  predominant  trait  in  his  character.  His  ago  luid  |ir„|i. 
ably  caused  his  withdrawal  Irom  the  others,  on  th(;ir  resolution  to  seiniiil 
Philip.  Cunonchct  was  at  this  period  the  most  conspicuous  ;  Pmnhau  \w\\: 
Potok,  Magnus,  the  s(|uuw-sach(!nj,  wJiose  husband,  Mriksuh^  liatl  beoi  (l«ii| 
tseveral  years  ;  and  lastly  Alattatoug. 

lielbre  proceeding  with  later  events,  the  following  short  narrative,  illny. 
trative  of  a  peculiar  custom,  may  not  be  improperly  introduced.  Philip.^f 
tradition  reports,  made  an  expedition  to  Nantucket  in  1()G5,  to  j)iiiiisli  ar, 
Lidian  who  had  profaned  the  name  of  Massasoit,  his  fiither  ;  and,  as  it  va 
an  observance  or  law  among  them,  that  whoever  shoidd  speak  evil  ot' tlie 
dead  should  be  jjut  to  death,  Philip  went  there  with  an  armed  force  to  ixt- 
cute  this  law  upon  Gihbs.  He  was,  however,  defeated  in  his  design,  fiiroiip 
of  Gibbs^s  friends,  understanding  Philip's  intention,  ran  to  liim  and  gave  liim 
notice  of  it,  just  in  time  for  him  to  e.scape  ;  not,  however,  without  great  n- 
ertions,  for  Philip  came  once  in  sight  of  him,  af\er  jjursuing  him  some  tiine 
among  the  English  from  house  to  house  ;  but  Gibbs,  by  lea|)ing  a  Iniiik,  l'oi 
out  of  sight,  and  so  esca|)ed.  Philip  would  not  leave  the  island  until  tlie 
English  had  ransomed  John  at  the  exorbitant  jirice  of  nearly  all  the  luoiuy 
upon  the  island.*  Gibbs  was  a  Christian  Indian,  and  his  Indian  iiaii:c  wis 
Jhsasamoogh.  He  was  a  preacher  to  his  countrymen  in  1()74,  at  which  tiiuo 
there  were  belonging  to  his  church  30  members. 

What  grouiuls  the  English  had,  in  the  spring  of  the  year  1071,  for  sus|icii- 
ing  that  a  plot  was  going  for^vard  for  their  destruction,  cannot  satisliicli  lilv 
be  ascertained  ;  but  it  is  evident  there  were  some  warlike  (ireparatioiis  ii.inle 
by  tlie  great  chief,  which  very  much  alarmed  the  English,  as  in  the  liirnf 
Jlwnshonks  we  shall  have  occasion  again  to  notice.  Their  suspicions  win; 
further  confirmed  when  they  sent  for  him  to  come  to  Taunton  ami  ii.'ike 
Anowii  the  causes  lor  his  operations  ;  as  hv.  discovered  "  shyness,"  and  ;i  iv- 
li;ctance  to  comj)ly.  At  length,  on  the  10th  of  April,  this  year,  he  caiiif  10 ,1 
place  about  four  miles  from  Taunton,  accompanied  with  a  band  of  Lis  \\m- 
riors,  attired,  armed  and  painted  as  for  a  warlike  ex|ie(lition.  From  ihis 
place  he  sent  messengers  to  Tauntoi!,  to  invite  the  English  to  come  hikI 
treat  with  him.  The  governor  either  was  atiaid  to  meet  the  chief;  or  thm  liit 
it  beueath  iiis  dignity  to  coni|dy  with  his  refjuest,  and  therefore  sent  several 

*  For  some  of  wliiU  wc  have  g  vcii  above,  see  1  Coll.  Mass.  [list.  Soc.  iii.  15!),  Hiriii>liod 
for  tliat  work  by  Mr.  Zaccheus  Macij,  wlio^e  anccslor,  it  is  saiJ,  o.sisled  in  Mintuij 
AssasaiiMoe;h. 

In  a  late  work.  Hist.  Nantiiekctt  by  Olied  Macy,  an  account  of  liie  atl'air  is  given.  Inn  »iiii 
some  variatiuu  from  the  above. 


II] 


PHILIP.— TREATY  AT  TAUNTON. 


19 


ClIAF'. 

pr^diir'  aiiioiiir  wlioiii  was  Roi^er  fnilinnui,  to  iiil'oriii  liiui  of  tlioir  dctcrmi- 
■iiioii  ami  'I'"  '■'  if"<Ji'  disposition  towards  iiini,  and  to  iir<!;t'  liis  attciidauc,'  at 
Tiiiiitoii.  Ill"  a^rot'd  to  go,  and  liosta^'cs  w.ie  ii'lt  in  the  liands  ol'  liis 
wiiiiiii's  to  warrant  Iiis  safe  return.  On  coming'  nrur  the  villafrc  with  a  li'W 
nt'liis  warriors,  lie  made  a  stop,  wliicli  apjxars  to  liavc;  Ix'cn  occasionrd  hy 
the  warlike  parade  of  the  English,  many  of  uliom  were  Ibr  innnediateiy  at- 
ft'kiii"  him.  Tiiese  were  the  Piimonth  peoph>  that  reeonmiended  tiiis  lasli- 
iM'<s  hut  tliey  were  j)revented  l)y  thi"  connnissioners  from  .Massacimsetts,  w  ho 
iih't'iiere  wit'li  the  governor  of  I'iimontii  to  confer  wit'.i  Pliili/). 

Jii  tiie  end  it  was  agreed  tiiat  a  council  sliould  he  lu>ld  'n  the  nieeting- 
liou-ii'  one  side  of  whicli  slionld  he  occupied  hy  th(!  Indians,  and  the  otiier  hy 
till'  Kiiiiiisli.  Philip  liad  alleged  that  tlit;  I'nglish  injun  d  th  •  plant(  il  lands 
ol'  iii^  p('oi»le,  hut  this,  the  English  say,  was  in  no  wisi^  su:-taini'd.  He  saiil 
liis  warlike  preparations  were  not  against  the  English,  but  tla;  iS'arragansets, 
wiiicli  'he  English  also  say  was  proved  to  his  iiice  to  be  lalse  ;  anil  tiiat  this 
socoiifoiind.'d  him,  that  he  confessed  the  whole  plot,  and  ''th.-.t  it  was  the 
j|,„i^,|iliii(ss  of  his  own  heart  that  put  him  upon  that  rebellion,  and  nothing 
„t';iiiv  provocation  (i"em  the  English."  *  Tin  refore,  with  iiiur  of  his  eounsi  I- 
lijis  whost'  names  weri'  Tavnscr,  Captain  IHspukc,  IVoonkapurehunl^  [Unkom- 
n/iH,l  and  .Viinnxl,  he  signed  a  sul)mission,  anil  an  (Uigagenicnt  of  1H(  lidshif), 
wliiili  also  sti|)ulated  that  he  should  give  u[t  all  the  arms  among  his  \n  oide, 
into  llie  hands  of  the  governor  of  Piimonth,  to  he  kej)t  as  long  us  the  goveni- 
ni.'iit  sliould  "see  reason." f 

Till'  English  of  Massachus!'tts,  having  acted  as  umpires  in  this  aflhir,  were 
looki'il  to,  l)y  both  parties,  on  the  next  cause  of  complaint.  Philip  liaving 
(liiivircd  tile  arms  which  himself  and  men  hud  with  them  at  T^innton,f 
nniiniscd  to  deliver  the  n'st  ut  Piimonth  by  a  certain  time.  JJut  tliey  not 
bciiiir  delivered  according  to  agreement,  and  some  other  ditferi;nces  occurring, 
a  III  ssi'Uger  was  sent  to  IJoston  from  Piimonth,  to  make  complaint ;  but 
Pliilij),  jjcrhaps,  iniderstanding  what  was  intended,  was  quitch  as  early  at  JJos- 
tdii  ill  jierson  ;§  and,  by  his  address,  did  not  liiil  to  he  well  reci  ived,  and  a 
ta\ iiralJIe  report  of  him  was  retm'ncd  to  Piimonth ;  and,  at  the  saim^  time, 
]ii(i|iiisals  that  commissioners  liom  all  the  United  Colonies  should  mei't 
I'kilij)  at  Piimonth,  where  all  dilliculties  might  be  sittled.  This  meeting  took 
iilaci'  the  same  year,  September,  l(j71,  and  tlu;  issue  ot  the  meeting  was  very 
iicailv  the  same  as  that  at  Tainitou.  "The  conclusion  was,"  says  3Ir. 
Mttkr,\\  ^^  Philip  acknowledged  his  otFonce,  and  was  appointed  to  give  a  sum 
of  money  to  defray  the  charges  which  his  insolent  clamors  had  put  lae  colo- 
ny unto." 

As  usual,  several  articles  were  drawn  up  by  the  English,  of  what  P/i(7i/> 
was  to  submit  to,  to  which  we  find  the  names  of  three  only  of  his  captains  or 
cuiinsi  llors,  Uncompaen,  who  was  his  uncle,1[  fi'otokom,  and  Snmhtnut. 

Great  stress  in  those  days  was  laid  on  the  Indiuns  submitting  themselves 
as  "sulijrcts  to  his  majesty  the  king  of  England."  This  the_  did  only  to  get 
ridoftiie  importunity  of  the  English,  as  their  course  immediately  afterwards 
invariably  si  lowed. 

Tlie  articles  whicli  the  government  of  Piimonth  drew  u\)  at  this  time,  for 
/'/ii7i"/)  to  sign,  were  not  so  illiberal  as  might  be  imagiueil,  were  we  not  to 
produce  some  of  them.     Article  second  reads, — 

"I  [Philip]  am  willing,  and  do  promise  to  pay  imto  the  governna-nt  of  Plim- 
oiitli  £]0(),  in  such  things  as  I  have;  but  I  would  entreat  the  favor  that  I 
miirlit  liav"  three  years  to  ])ay  it  in,  forasmuch  as  I  camiot  do  it  ut  pri'sent." 
And  ill  article  third,  he  promises  "to  send  unto  the  governor,  or  whom  he  siiall 
aiipoint,  five  wolves'  heads,  if  he  can  get  them;  or  as  many  as  he  can  j)rocure, 

*  ItiiblMid.  Indian  Wars,  11,  1st  edition. 

t  The  ailiilos  of  lliis  treaty  may  1)0  seen  in  Hubbard,  Mather,  and  Hutchinson's  historiesi 
thin  ainiiiiiii  lo  Mule,  and  we  llietelbre  oniil  llieni. 

:  M:illu'r's  llolatidn,  7;}. 

v^  riTliiips  iliis  was  tlie  lime  Mr.  Jossflijn  saw  liim  there  riddy  caparisoned,  as  will  here- 
alUTlio  iiiciilionod.  "||  Mallwr's  Kid.illon,  73. 

1;  Calli'd  by  Church,  Akkompoin.     Hist.  King  I'hUip's  War,  110  of  my  edition. 


7V-*  i'-     itk-A 


mm 

1  »;('>»(;>»? 


■  1    '>■■  '   ,■ 


mi  mm 

■  .  ^-4,'  ■•.■.  •^^*  tv^ 


,.  ?■ 


so 


IMIIUP— PLIMOIJTH   ACCUSATIONS  OF   1071. 


[lidUK  111. 


until  llicy  roiiii' 1(>   Civt' wolvt's' liciuls  yearly."     Tiicso  uriicIrM  were  dm  d' 
2"J  Sept.  U>7I,  iiikI  wcri!  sif^iii'd  liy 

Tliv  murk  P  «/'  I'mii.i.m'; 

The  mark  T  o/' VVoiikou  i-aiikmi,.. 

Tlw  timrk  V  ','/"  VViJ'i'TAK<M>sr,Kt.M' 

7Vi«' /;i(/r/i- T  «/'So.NKAMiii(»o; 

The  murk  2.  o/' W  oonahiium, 
aliii.t  NiMKoi) ; 

The  mark  \  of  WoonvAsvvii, 
alias  ('ai'TaIi\. 


On  ilic  '\  Ni«\'.  f'nllowiMfr,  Philij)  iicciun^anicd  Titkmmmmn  to    IMiiiinii 


inak<- 


his  snlimissinii,  whicli  lie  diil,  iind  arkii(i\vl('(l'j:<'(l,  h\  a  wrilii 


nil,  III 


wonid  aiihiTc  Id  ili(i  arti«"lcs  si;:;ncd    \t\  fhili/i  and   liu-   ollicrs,  liic  -J! 


,  lli.'iil 


bci; 


Ti)kiiiii<))iii    was  l)i-()tlirr  to  .'Iwitshnnks,  and,  at  this  tinif,  \\:\> 


ol'Sccoiict,  or  S.'K'onclt.     lie  was  atlcrwards  kiili'd  hv  the  i\aii'ai;ans' tsj 


ii'iii 


rral  disarniinir  of  the  ni'i<rldioi-in^''  Indians  was  undertaken  diiij 


iii::llin 

I  I  \|iirl. 

li|>iin;iiii 
>iii|iii!i. 


isprin^'  and  sunnner  oi'  hi?  I,  and  nolhiii<j;  hut  troidile  could  have  heei 
ed  to  follow. 

That  nothiiii;-  may  he  omitted  which  can  throw  li^dit  u|toii  this  ii 
era  in  the  hioiiraphy  ol"  PhiUp,  we  will  lay  l)et(>re  the  reader  all  tli 
lislied  int'orniation  i'nrnished  hy  the  reconls.[  Having  met  in  .Iniic,  |i;;i 
"'I'iie  court  [of  I'limonth]  determiiis  all  the  <;uns  in  onr  hands,  that  tliil  h,. 
lon;^-  to  Philip,  are  Justly  litrli'it ;  and  <io  at  the  present  onler  the  dividinj:  nf 
thcin,  to  l)i>  kept  at  the  several  towns,  according'  to  their  eciual  |>ro|ii)rtiii|is, 
mitil  Oclolier  court  next,  and  then  to  he  at  tli(^  coinM's  dispose,  us  reasdii  inav 
appear  to  them,  and  then  to  hi'long  unto  tlu;  towns,  if  not  otherwise  (lis|i(wj 
of  hy  the  court. 

"That  which  the  court  frroniids  their  judfirnent  upon  is, — h'or  that  ,ii  tin 
treaty  at  Taunton,  Philip  and  his  council  did  acknowledfre  that  they  Ii;i(|  linp, 
in  a  jtreparation  t()r  war  a<;aiust  us;  ninl  that  not  ^n-ouiulcd  upon  any  injury 
sustaiuetl  from  us,  nor  provocation  f^iven  hy  us,  hut  Irom  tlieii- nau<fhty  I 


an 


d  hecausc  he  had   formerly  violated   and  broken  solenni  coven 


iiJiris, 


mils  iiiiiilt 


and  renewed  to  us ;  he  then  freely  tendered,  (not  l)ein<;'  in  a  capacil\  in  Ik 
kept  tiuthful  hy  any  other  honds,)  to  resi<rii  up  all  ins  En<.dish  arms,  iiir  nm 
future  security  in  that  respect,  lie  tidied  irreatly  in  the  perl(>rmance  iliiTiiif, 
by  Si'cret[ly]  conveying!;  away,  and  carryiufj;  homo  several  ^muis,  that  niijrln  iiml 
siiould  have  l);'t!n  then  driivered,  and  not  f^iviiif;  tiiem  up  since,  acconlin;:  in 


us  enira"'emi  "it :  nor  so  fai'  as  is  in 


his  p 


Dwer ;  as  appears 


in  th 


III    lll.'IIIV 


ure  known  still  to  hi<  ainon<>:st  the  Indians  that  livt^  hy  him,  and   [h 


nuich 


ivinir  order  to  some  of  Ins  men,  that  are  under  hi«  iujinediat 


mil  Ml 

I'  I'Ulll- 


(llll(IU<til 


III  lib 


niand,  about  the  brin<:in^  in  of  their  arms. 

"  In  his  endeavoriiiL',  since  the  treaty  [at  Taunton,]  to  render  us 
our  nei<>libor  colony  iiy  liilsi;  reports,  complaints  and  sujiifcstions;  in 
reliisiiif;'  or  avoidiiifi;'  a  treaty  with  us  concerninji'  tiioso  an<l  other  malt  isilmt 
are  justly  otfensive  to  us,  iiotwitlistanding  his  late  "n<jragement,  as  wi  II  iMur- 
liter,  to  submit  to  the  kiiifr's  authority,  and  the  authority  of  this  col(Miy. 

"  It  Wiis  also  ordered  by  the  court  that  the  arir  .  of  the  Indians  of  Niiiiiiis- 
sakett  and  Assowamseit,  that  were  letched  in  by  IMajor  fVinslow^twA  tluis  ilmi 
w<>re  \\ilh  him,  are  contiscatrd,  and  forfeit,  b-om  tll(^  said  Indians,  tiir  ilif 
{rrounds  above  expressi  (I ;  they  beiiif:  in  a  compliance  with  Phillipc  in  lii< 
late  plot:  And  yet  would  neither  by  our  ffovernor's  order,  nor  U\  I'hilllpu 
di'sire,  brinir  in  their  arms,  as  was  (nifiuf^ed  by  the  treaty;  and  the  siiid  ;;iiii! 
ar(>  ordered  i)y  the  court  to  the  major  and  his  company  l()r  their  satisliilimi, 
in  that  expedition. 

"  Tliis  court  have  ajfnM'd  and  voted  "  to  send  "sonav  jbrces  to  "  Sacomlt to 
fetch  in"  the  arms  auionyr  tin;  Iiuliaiis  there. 


*  TluTf  i^  no  (liilc,  liiil  (lie  year,  set  to  iiiiy  printed  copy  of  llils  treaty.  Mr.  IIiihlm:IU 
ini.slitkc  (iiiiiiicd  it,  and  lliosi-  wlici  liavu  .since  wrillfii,  have  not  given  llienisi'lvcs  lliu  jikasure 
of  riMiirriiiir  Ui  llic  records, 

t  See  Cln/rcli,  M,  \  I'linioulli  Colony  Records,  in  manuscript. 


[r.ouK  111, 

wen-   (liit.il> 


'I'AIIKMTT; 
tdOSI-.Kl.M; 

iioo ; 

111  M, 
Ol)  ', 
SIK'K, 
AIN. 

i>  riiiiKiiiiii, III 

ivriliiiii',  iIihI  h.. 
s,  111'-  --i!'  S|„. 
If,  \v:is  ^;ii'liiiii 
I  ra^iiMS'ts.l 
iiUcii  (luring \lio 
VI'  Ihtii  i  \|iiTi. 

lliis  iin|iiin;i:ii 
r  all  till'  un|Mil.. 

ill  .liiMc,  ii;;!, 

(Is,  lliiit  dill  III'. 
the  dividiiiL'  (if 
mil  |in>|iur!iuii5, 
r,  as  rciisiiii  in;i\ 
nTwisr  (iis|i(iMil 

-|'\)r  that  ;it  ili, 

at  iIh'V  iiiul  li:n 

upon   any  iiijiiry 

r  iiaiifiiilv  lii'iiris, 

covt'iiaiits  iiiiult 

I  ciipacity  In  k 

I   arms,  \'m  mir 

iniiaiu'i'  tliiTKif, 

,  llial  ini;;!it  ;iiiJ 

ci',  acronliii;;  tn 

tlia'i  many  i;iiiis 

md    [lie]  mil  m) 

miiu'<liatr  nm,- 

Icr    lis    (IllidUsln 

I'stioiis;  iiiiil  !ii! 
lliiT  matt  rsiha 
It,  as  well  ;>  i'or- 
his  coltMiy. 
iliiiiis  ol'  N;iin;is- 
)ir,aiitl  lliosilwl 

IlKlillllS,  t'(M-  tllf 

PhiHipc  ill  III* 

|uor  Ity  PIMfi'i 

1(1  tla-'siiil  yiii* 

lu>ii-  satisliii'iiii". 

Is  to  "  Sacout'itio 


I.    Mr.  I/hM"""'.' 
Iisolvcs  ilio  I'l'"!''"" 

ript. 


ClIAI- 


11.1 


PIIIMI'.-l'I.I.MOL'ril   ACCUS.\TI().\'S  OK   I(i71. 


21 


If'ilit'ii  llK'n'l'"'*''  ll"'-'^''  Italians  had  not  already  hcciiiie  hostile,  no  one  would 

I  lij'iil  it  iidvv  heeoino  the  ca-se.     l$o\v,s  and  arrows  were  almost  entirely 

""t    i"ii>e      (inns  had  so  tiir  sii|Mr.'<ede(l  iheiii,  thai  (iiidonhtedly  many   scarce. 


ISor  could  it  \tt; 


"hiMii.-^''  ll"'"'  ^^"''  ''"''''''"'  |"''""'""iiif.'  llaiKSeUes  Kanie 
',"  ,,.|(.(|  (itlieruise,  for  the  llii^ilish  had,  liy  marly  10  years'  intercourse,  ren- 
'i  .••  I  lliiir  arms  liir  more  nece.s.<ary  to  the  existence  (»CtlM^  Indiansthan  to  their 
"vi'r  liciict^  their  iinwillin^nie.ss  to  part  with  Ihein.  I'liili/i,  it  is  said,  directed 
"ic  Mi(ldlchoroii;j;h  Indians  to  <;iv('  up  their  ^iin.s.     His  oliject  in  this  was  to 

.".jiv  till'  J'>nfrlif'li».i"djii"f,'  dial  if  war  should  Ixfrin,  liiesi!  Indians  would  join 
tl  ■  Mii"lisli,  or  at  least  many  of  lliein  ;  and,  iherel'ore,  it  all('(Med  his  cause  hut 
ii'ilc  which  party  possessed  them  ;  hut  not  so  with  his  iinine(liut«j  followers,  as 
„,.  Iiiivc  just  seen  in  th(!  record. 

\  ('(iiMicil  of  war  having  conven(;d  at  IMiiiioutli,  2.'5  Auj^mst,  Ki/l,  the  liillow- 

ii,r  lic.-iid  •■•  ill"'  matters  already  expressed,  they  look  into  consideration  :  l'liiiij)\f 

1.  riiii'itJiiiiinir  "f  miuiy '''"■'"'ff*'  Indians,  which  niif,dit  portend  (lanf,'er  towards 

111  special  hy  his  eiilerlainiiif^Mif  divers  Saconett   Indian.s,  profes.sed  ene- 

,i,i(.s  Id  tliis '■"'"">'» '""'  ''"'"^  a;j;ainst   jf I  eoiinsil  ;j;iven   him  hy  his  li-ieiids. 

'I'lic  iirciiiises  considered  [the  eouncil|  do  unanimously  ajiret^  and  eoiiclude, 
tji.il  ilic  >"''''  I'li'll'P  I'"'''  violated  [the]  cuvoniml  pliglit(Hl  witli  this  colony  at 
Tiiiiiili'ii  ill  April  last. 

'••J.  Jl  is  unanimously  iif,'r(!ed  and  concliid(!<i  Ity  th(!  said  council,  that  we  anj 
iicci  -.'iirilv  called  to  cause  iIk;  said  sachem  to  make  his  pei-sonal  ap|)earane(!  to 
nmkt'  his  piiriratioii,  in  reference  to  the  premises;  which,  in  ca.se  of  his  relii.sal, 
lliiM'diiiii'il,  accordiii";  to  what  at  present  ajipears,  do  determin  it  necessary  to 
(ii(i(iiviir  his  rediicement  liy  force  ;  inasmuch  as  tin;  controversy  which  hath 
«('(ini'il  to  lie  more  immediately  hetween  him  and  us,  doth  concern  all  the  Mnjf- 
lish  nliiiilalions.  It  i.'<,  theretiire,  determined  to  slate  the  ca,s(!  to  our  iiei>r|ihor 
(■(ildiiiis  of  the  Massachusetts  and  Kliode  Island;  and  if,  hv  their  wei^dity  ad- 
viir  to  the  contrary,  w II  ai(!  not  diverted  li'oiii  our  present  deterniinalions,  to 
j.ji;iiil\  unto  lliein,  that  if  they  look  upon  themselves  concerned  to  eiifiii^i!  in  lli'i 
ca.^f  wilii  lis  a^rainst  a  common  enemy,  it  shall  Ik;  \m'II  accepted  as  a  neiffli- 
lidiivkiiiiliicss,  which  w(^  shall  hold  ourselves  ohiiged  to  repay,  when  iVovii- 
dciKC  limy  so  dispose  that  we  liav(!  opportunity. 

"  Accaidiiiiiiy,  letters  wert^  despatched  and  sent  from  the  council,  one  unto 
till! .Slid  Phillip  tlie  said  sachem,  to  recpiire  his  personal  aiipearaiKte  at  I'lymoiith, 
oiiliic  I'itli  day  of  Septemher  next,  in  reference  to  the  |)urliculars  ahove-  inen- 
lidiH'd  ii.i;aiiist  iiiin.  This  letter  was  sent  hy  Mr.  J«;hcs  Hulkci;  one  of  the 
coiiiicil,  and  Jio  was  ordeix-d  to  r(MiU(\st  tlii!  company  of  Mr.  liofrtr  nilliams 
and  .Mr.  James  lirown,  to  j^o  with  him  at  ihv  delivery  of  tla;  said  letter.  And 
ai'i'tlicr  letter  was  sent  to  tin;  govenior  and  council  of  tin;  Mas.sachiisetts  hy  tho 
jiaiids  of  Mr.  John  /•Vcewaji,  one  of  our  maffistrates,  and  a  third  was  directed  to 
till' fjavcnior  and  council  of  Kliodi;  Island,  and  sent  by  Mr.  'J'honuis  Ilinr/Joj 
and  .Mr.  (.'onsUiid  Soulhirorlh,  two  other  of  our  maiiist  rates,  w  ho  are  ordered  hy 
oniciiiiiicil  with  the  letter,  to  iintldd  our  |)re,seut  slate  of  matters  relating  t(i  the 
prniiiscs  and  to  certify  them,  also,  more  certainly  of  the  time  of  the  meeting 
tnifrtlii'r,  ill  refi'rence  to  engagement  with  the  Jiidians,  if  tlusre  bo  a  going  forth, 
wiiii'li  will  he  on  the  ^0  of  September  next. 

"It  was  further  ordered  by  the  council,  that  tliosi;  formerly  pressed  shall 
iriiKiiii  under  tli(3  samo  impressment,  until  the  next  meeting  of  the  said  coun- 
I'iljOii  the  13  day  of  Sept.  next,  and  so  also  until  the  intended  (!X|teditioii  is 
i.S'iiii'd,  unless  they  shall  sei;  cause  to  alter  them,  or  add  or  detract  from  them, 
as  occasion  may  ri'ipiiri; :  And  that  all  other  matters  remain  as  they  were, 
in  wny  (if  |ireparation  to  the  said  expedition,  until  vv(^  shall  s(!(;  the  mind  of* 
God  liirther  by  the  particulars  i()renamed,  improved  for  that  ))ur|)ose. 

"It  was  further  onhu'cd  by  the  council,  that  all  the  towns  within  this  jiirisdic- 
tinii  Khali,  in  the  interim,  be  solicitously  C!n'(!ful  to  provide  for  their  safi'ty,  by 
I'liiiviiiicnt  watches  and  wardings,  and  carrying  their  arms  to  the  meetings  on 
till'  hard's  (lays,  in  such  maimer,  as  will  best  stuiid  with  their  particulars,  and 
tilt'  I'dimnoii  salety. 

".\ii(l  ill  particular  they  order,  that  a  guard  shall  In;  provided  for  the  safety 
(if  the  governor's  person,  during  the  time  of  the  ubove-nanied  troiibleH  and  ex- 
lii'ditioiis. 


ii  'A        A 


4a  '  ^¥W 


>  ^i  •vY''^i5i| 


:  '.'0 

1-":/ 


^J"*  *-w 


22 


PHILIP.— PLIMOUTII  ACCUSATIONS  OF  1071. 


[BuOK  III, 


"  And  the  council  wore  suninioncd  l)y  tlic  prcsidci  r,  [tlic  governor  of  pij,,, 
outli,]  to  make  tlicir  jieraonul  apiicanuice  at  I'lynmutli,  on  tlie  IMtli  ilny  i,|' 
Sept.  next,  to  attend  .sucli  I'urtlier  husincs  as  shall  lie  tlicn  presented  hy  |''ii„|. 
dence,  in  reference  to  the  premises.  [Without  any  hiteriuediute  entry,  th,. 
records  procecul :] 

"On  tli(!  KJ  Sept.  1671,  the  council  of  war  a^jpeared,  accorduig  to  tluirsiin,. 
nion.s,  i)ut  Pkillip  the  sjicliem  ap|)ear(;d  not;  but  inst(!ud  thereof  reimind  kmIi,. 
Massacluisett.s,  and  made  complaint  against  us  to  divers  of  the  gentliimn y, 
place  there  ;  who  wrote  to  our  govtjrnor,  l)y  way  of  persuasion,  to  a(i\  jsc  liu 
council  to  a  compliance  with  the  said  sachem,  and  tendereil  their  help  in  ii,,, 
achieving  thereof;  declaring,  in  sum,  that  tlH>y  resented  not  his  ofiiiii,  .j,, 
deeply  as  we  did,  and  that  they  doubted  wh(!ther  the  covenants  and  ciii;;!;;,.. 
ments  that  Phillip  and  his  predecessors  hatl  ])liglited  with  us,  would  |iliiii  j 
i/nport  that  he  had  subjected  himself,  and  ])coph',  and  country  to  us  any  fimlur 
than  as  in  a  neighborly  and  fricjudly  correspondency." 

Thus,  whether  Philip  had  been  able  by  misrejn'esentation  to  lead  the  cdiin 
of  Massachu.setts  into  a  conviction  that  his  designs  had  not  been  i'airly  scttiirtli 
by  Plimouth,  or  whether  it  be  more  reiiKonabli!  to  conclude  that  that  1)()(1\  uvi,. 
thoroughly  acquainted  Avith  the  whole  grounds  of  conij)laint,  and,  tiicii  inp, 
considered  Plimouth  nearly  as  much  in  error  as  Philip,  by  assuming  autlM.iiu 
not  belonging  to  them,  is  a  ca.se,  we  apprehend,  not  diihcult  to  be  settled  livtlii: 
read(!r.    The  record  continues : — 

"  The  coiuicil  having  deliberated  ujjon  the  j)rcmises,  despatched  away  litins, 
declaring  their  thankful  acceptance  of  their  kind  |)rotier,  and  invited  tiic  inn,. 
missioners  of  the  Massachus{;tts  and  Coiuiectieut,  they  [the  latter]  tlicii  Iniii; 
there  in  the  Bay,  [Boston,]  and  some;  other  gentlcMuen  to  come  to  PlyiiioutliiinJ 
allbrd  us  their  help:  And,  accordin<rly,  on  the  24  of  Sept.  I(j71,  Mr.  John  fin- 
ihrup,  Gov.  of  Connecticut,  Maj.  Gen.  Lcvtretl,  Mr.  Thos.  Danforth,  Cujn.  /r»i. 
Davis,  with  divei-s  others,  came  to  Plimouth,  and  had  a  fair  and  (Iciiliciaie 
hearing  of  the  controversy  between  our  colony  and  the  said  eacliem  PldllipM 
being  jiensonally  present ;  there  being  ;dso  competent  hiterjH'eters,  boUi  Enpist) 
and  Indians.  At  which  meeting  it  was  proved  by  sufficient  testimony  to  the 
conviction  of  the  said  Phillip,  and  satisfaction  of  all  that  audience,  both  [tdjtlie 
said  gentlemen  and  othei-s,  that  Ik;  hud  broken  his  covenant  made  wiili  wa 
colony  at  Taunton  in  April  last,  in  divers  particulars:  as  also  carried  vtn  uu- 
khidly  unto  us  divei-s  ways, 

"l.Li  that  he  "had  neglected  to  bring  in  his  arms,  although  "  comppipnt 
time,  yea  his  time  enlarged  "  to  do  it  in,  as  before  stated.  "  2.  That  lie  lad 
carried  insolently  and  proudly  towards  us  on  several  occasions,  in  refusing'  to 
come  down  to  our  court  (when  sent  for)  to  have  sj)eech  with  him,  to  pruiiire 
a  right  underetanding  of  matters  in  difference  betwixt  us." 

This,  to  say  the  least,  was  a  wretchedly  sony  complaint.  That  an  indpiieml- 
ent  chit.'f  should  refuse  to  obey  his  neighbors  wheiiever  they  had  aiiiimlio 
command  him,  of  the  justness  of  whose  mandates  he  was  not  to  inquire,  siiivly 
calls  for  no  comment  of  ours.  Besides,  did  Philip  not  do  as  hcagncilat 
Taunton  .' — which  was,  that  in  case  of  future  troubles,  both  parties  slioiilil  i;iv 
their  complaints  before  Massachusetts,  and  abide  by  their  decision? 

The  3d  charge  is  oidy  a  rej)etition  of  what  was  stated  by  the  council  of  war, 
namely,  harboring  and  abetting  divers  Indians  not  his  own  men,  hut  ''viira- 
bonds,  our  professed  enemies,  who  leaving  theu*  own  sachem  were  ImibuicJ 
by  him." 

The  4th  has  likewise  been  stated,  which  contains  the  er  iqdaint  of  his  mm 
to  Massachusetts,  "with  several  of  his  council,  endeavorii'g  to  insinuate  liini- 
self  into  the;  magistrates,  and  to  inisrepresent  niattei-s  unto  them,"  whicii  iunmiiits 
to  little  else  but  an  accusation  against  3Iassachusetts,  as,  from  what  lias  lutii 
before  stated,  it  se  ins  that  the  "g(*ntlemen  in  ])lace  there"  had,  at  Ica.'^t  iii|i.irt, 
been  convinced  that  Philip  was  not  so  much  in  fault  as  their  friends  of  Plim- 
outh had  preter  ded. 

"5.  That  he  had  shewed  great  incivility  to  divei-s  of  ours  at  several  tinirs;  in 
special  inito  Mr.  James  Broivn,  who  was  sent  by  the  court  on  special  occibioii, 
as  a  messenger  unto  him  ;  and  unto  Hugh  Cole  at  another  time,  &c. 

"  The  gentlemen  forenanied  taking  notice  of  the  premises,  having  fully  heard 


[Book  III, 

•ornnr  of"  I'l'm;. 
10  llitli  iliiy  111' 
ciiti'il  by  l'iii\|. 
liutc  entry,  ilii. 

ig  to  tlicir  siiiii- 
frt'imircd  toili,. 
10  goiitlfiiini  111 
1,  to  tulvisc  iii(. 
heir  liolp  in  lii,. 
it  his  otii'iicpsi, 
Its  and  (■inriiL'c- 
is,  would  jilnli.lv 
to  us  any  t'unli.'r 

o  load  the  court 
•n  fairly  set  ll.nli 
it  that  l)()(ly  w.  r,; 
t,  and,  thficiniT, 
iiiniinfi;  autlidriiy 
)  bosottloii  liytiic 

3he(l  away  lctiir>, 
iuvitod  lln'  (111;,- 
luttvr]  then  In  ii » 
>  to  I'lyindUtliiiiiJ 
n,  iMr.  Mn  l'\n. 
mforih,  €n\n.  Hm, 
lir  and  (U'liliiiiw 
:acheni  PliiUlpM 
!tcrs,  botli  EiiL'lish 
it  testimony  to  the 
ence,  both  [toj  tlie 
made  with  our 
carried  very  un- 

lougli  "  conipptfnt 
«  2.  Thai  ho  \d 
s,  in  reliisiii':  to 
him,  to  prui'ure 


DHf 


'liat  an  indojioiiil- 
ey  had  ainimiw 
to  inquire,. «uivh 
o  as  he  agivnlat 
parti(H4  should  lay 
Msion? 

10  council  of  war, 

men,  but  ''vm- 

;in  were  harbuiul 

ilaintofhis  ?oiii! 

to  iusinuiitf  him- 

^1,"  whifh  iitiuiuiiis 

|nr  Avhat  liasluiu 

[id,  at  least  in  li:irt, 

IVionds  of  riini- 

J  several  tinirs;  in 
|i  special  occiisioii, 

le,  &c. 
liaving  fully  licard 


PHILIP. 


23 


Chap.  H] 

•1  It  tiie  saiil  Phillip  could  .say  for  Jiiinsolf,  having  free  liberty  so  to  do  witliout 
^M'rniptii)")  "''i"*'r''''  that  he  had  doni!  us  a  great  de.d  of  wrong  iiud  injury, 
/"•'.!;•  .•tin"  the  premises,)  and  also  abused  theni  by  carrying  lies  and  tiilsi.' 
lie-' to  diern,ai!d  so  misrepresenting  mattersunto  them  ;  and  they  |)ers'a(led 
r'  to  make  an  acknowledgment  of  his  liiult,  and  to  si-ek  H)r  reconi-iliatioii, 
,"i,n.<<in"'  themselves,  tiiat  there  is  a  great  ditferenco  between  what  h''assert(  il 
I  till  '"Vt'rnment  in  tiio  Hay, 'uid  what  ho  could  now  make  out  concerning 
y<  iircniKled  wrongs;  and  such  had  bee-n  the  wrong  and  damage  that  ho  had 
I  III' and  |)rocured  unto  the  colony,  as  ought  not  to  l)o  borne  without  com|)o- 
'  ,  |.|.|)jinitinn  and  satisfaction  ;  yea,  that  ho,  by  his  insoloncies,  had  (in  proba- 
1  ,|jt\  \  occasioned  more  mischief  from  the  Indians  amongst  tlu'iii,  than  had 
j;,||,."ii  out  in  many  years  before  ;  they  persuaded  him,  therefore,  to  humblo  him- 
s.|t'iiiit()  the  magistrate.",  and  to  amend  his  ways,  if  ho  expected  peace;  and 
tli;it  it'll''  went  on  in  liis  refractory  way,  ho  must  expect  to  runart  litr  it." 

'I'lic  cniiuc^sioni'rs  finally  dnnv  up  the  treaty  of  which  wo  have  before  s])o- 
kcii  md  Pliil'P  "1"^  '"^  counsidlors  subscribed  it;  and  thus  oidod  the  chief 
t'VHllS  of  Ki/l. 

\  very'  short  time  before  tho  war  of  IG/o  commencod,  the  governor  of 
M;i-.-iii'li"^'''t''  sent  an  ambassador  to  Philip,  to  demand  of  him  why  he  would 
iiiiikc  war  upon  the  English,  and  recjuested  him,  at  the  same  time,  to  enter  into 
■liiriitv.    The  sachem  made  him  this  answer: — 

"  Your  soviriior  is  hut  a  suhjcct  of  King  Charles  *  of  England.  I  shall  not 
inni  with  a  subject.  I  shall  treat  of  peace  onhj  iviththc  king,  my  brother.  If  hen 
/,e  romes,  I  am  ready."  t 

Tliis  is  literal,  although  wo  have  changed  tho  order  of  the  words  a  little,  and 
i,;\vortliv  efa  place  upon  tho  same  jmgo  whhthe  siioech  of  tho  famous  Porus, 
wiirii  taken  captive  by  .Itexander.  \ 

W'l'  meet  with  notliing  of  importance  until  tho  death  of  Sassamon,  in  1074, 

tJKMiccasion  of  which  was  chargtul  u\nm  Philip,  i\ui\  was  the  cause  of  bringing 

■  about  tiie  war  with  him  a  year  sooner  than  he  liad  expected.     This  event  pro- 

iiiatiiri'lv  <li.scover(!d  his  intc'iitions,  which  occai-ioned  the  partial  recantatiiju  of 

tlio  Narni^ansets,  who,  it  is  reported,  were  to  furnish  4000  men,  to  Ik;  ready  to 

,   liill  ii|)oii  tiie  English  in  1tJ7(l.     Concert,  therefore,  Avas  wanting  ;  and  altiiougli 

iiiaiiv  all  the  Xarragansets  ultimately  joined  against  tho  English,  yet  the  i)ow- 

ciiiir  I'tli'ct  of  a  general   simultaneous   movement  was  lost   to  tin;   Indians. 

pliilip's  own  people,  many  of  whom  were  so  disconcerted  at  tho  unex|)ected 

'  li'^iiiiiiii!.' of  till!  Avar,  continued  some;  time  to  waver,  (haibting  which  side  to 

^lll.\\  iliciii.selves  in  favor  of;  and  it  Avas  only  from  their  being  whhout  tho 

vli  niity  oCthe  English,  or  miprotected  by  them,  that  determined  their  coui-s*', 

wi;i'!i  was,  in  almost  all  cases,  in  favor  nl' Philip.     Even  the  praying  Indians, 

lull  iiii\  lieen  left  to  themselves,  would,  no  doubt,  many  of  them,  have  declared 

ill   i-  tiivor  also,  as  a  great  many  really  did. 

I  iitil  tiic  execution  of  the  three  Indians,  supposed  to  bo  tho  murd(>r(!rs  of 
S«v'mo»,  no  hostility  Avas  committed  hy  Philip  or  his  Avarriors.  About  the 
liiii/ of  their  trial,  he  was  .said  to  be  marching  his  men  "  up  and  down  the 
ci  luitiy  in  arms,"  but  when  it  Avas  knoAvn  that  they  Avere  execnted,  he  could 
II-  luiic;cr  restiain  many  of  his  young  men,  avIio,  having  sent  their  wives  and 
rl  iiilii'ii  to  Narraganset,  upon  th(;  24tli  of  .June,  jirovoked  the  peo|)le  of  Swan- 
^ ' ,  hy  killing  their  cattle,  and  other  injuries,^  until  th(  y  lired  upon  th(!ni  and 

'  (Vi.irli'x  II.,  wiiosc  leisjii  was  from  IGGO  to  1G7G. 

tOlil  Imliaii  Chronicle. Gi!. 

"Tlio  coiii|ocror  askod  liiin  how  ho  would  ho  troaU;d,  who,  ill  two  woi(l>,  replicil,  "  I-iko  a 
ikii::."  lieinsf  askod  if  lie  had  no  oilier  request  to  niako,  hi^  said,  '•  No.  Every  thiin;'  is 
[c(i;;!|irf'licndod  in  that."  (Pliitairli's  lAfr  af  Alixumler.)  \Vc  could  wish,  that  the  Knglish 
[coiii]iu'rors  had  arted  with  as  nuirh  nia^iiaiiimily  towards  the  Indians,  as  Alexander  did 
[(owiirds  llioso  he  overcame.     I'lmis  was  treated  as  he  had  desired. 

v^  ■■  111  the  mean  time  King  I'liillp  mustered  up  about  .')(H)  ot'  his  men,  and  arms  them  com- 
jfit^i ;  and  had  sjjottcn  about  R  or  '.MX)  of  his  iu'i;;liborins;'  liididii.t.  and  likewise  arms  them  roin- 
Ipli'iii;  (i.  c.  ijuns,  powder  and  bullets ;)  l)iil  how  many  he  hath  eiufaned  to  be  ol' his  party, 
jl<iinkii(nvii  to  any  amonsj  us.  The  last  spring,  several  Tiididiif:  were  seen  in  small  parties, 
labiiiii  ll'liohnlli  and  Sirmiseii,  whi(di  not  a  little  alVrififhted  the  inhabitants.  Who  demanding 
jllii' ri'iisoii  of  them,  wherefore  it  was  so  ?  Answer  was  made,  That  they  were  only  en  their 
lo«ii  dolence,  for  they  luiderstood  that  Ihc  EiigUsk  intciidud  to  cut  llicm  off.    About  lliu  -0th 


^s 


'm- 


24 


PHILIP— BEGINS  THE  WAR  OF  1675. 


[Hook  III 


killeil  nno,  Avliirli  wns  a  sijjnal  to  coinriu'iiff  tin*  war,  and  what  rlicy  Ikh)  ,1,, 
sired  ;  lor  llic  siipcrslitiuiis  iKitioii  prevailed  aiiinng  tiie  Indians,  tiiat  tlic  pain, 
wlio  llred  tli''  first  <s\\u  woidd  he  eoiKiMered.*  'J'liey  had  j)rohahly  Ix'cn  n,,;;, 
to  iteiicve  tliis  hy  tlie  lln^rlisli  themselves. 

Jt  wns  upini  a  fiist  day  that  this  <;reat  ilrania  was  opened.  As  the  prui,;,, 
were  retuniinj^-  Croni  rueetinjr,  tln'y  wen;  tired  u|)on  hy  the  Indians,  wlii'ii  i,,.,. 
was  killed  and  two  wcMnuh-d.  Two  others,  jroin<,'  tin-  a  swrffeon,  wen;  ki||i,i 
on  their  way.  In  another  part  of  the  town,  six  others  were  killed  tlio  s;iii,(! 
day.  Swansey  was  in  the  midst  oi' Philij/s  country, and  liis  men  were  as«ii; 
ac<|uainted  with  all  the  walks  oftlie  Kiifflish  as  they  w<:re  themselves. 

It  is  not  supposed  that  Philip  directed  this  attack,  hut,  on  tin;  other  IkiihI,  , 
has  lieen  said  that  it  was  against  his  wishes.  15ut  there  can  l)e  no  doiil.  df],^^ 
liostility  and  great  desire  to  rid  his  country  of  tht;  white  intruders;  for  hadii, 
not  reastjii  to  say, 

"Exnrsorc  ijifiics  aiiiino;  suhit  ira,  rndoiilom 
Ulcisci  pairiiim,  et  sceleralas  suinero  jiu'iias  ?  " 

The  die  was  ca.«t.  No  other  alternative  a[tpeared,  I)ut  to  ravage,  luirii  s, 
destroy  as  liist  as  was  in  his  power.  There  had  l)een  no  (;onsideral  le  wni!  - 
a  long  time,  either  among  themselv<'s  or  with  the  English,  and,  tlierefon, u,. 
merous  young  warriors  from  the  neighhorlng  trihes,  entered  into  his  iii;]>,- 
with  great  ardor;  (>agerto  ])erform  .-.xploits,  such  as  had  heen  recdimtiil ; 
them  hy  tlw.'w  sires,  and  such  as  they  had  long  waited  an  o|)portunity  tondiin., 
The  time,  they  conceived,  had  now  arrived,  and  their  souls  ex|)ande{|iii  pr,,. 
])ortion  to  tin;  greatness  of  the  undertaking.  To  coiKjuer  the  English!  toifai! 
captive  their  haughty  lords!  must  hav«!  heen  to  them  thoughts  of  vast  iiiiini;. 
tilde,  and  exhilarating  in  the  highest  degree. 

Town  aftca-  town  fell  hei'ore  them,  and  when  the  English  forces  iii!uvliii!|' 
one  direction,  they  were  hurning  and  laying  waste;  in  another.  A  pun  q 
Taunton,  Middlehorough,  and  J)artmoutli,  in  the  vicinity  of  I'ocasscf,  ii|»ir, 
Narraganset  Bay,  soon  followed  tiie  destruction  of  Swansey,  whicli  wfisimn.: 
immediat(dy  after  the  24tli  of  Juik",  on  heing  alian<Ioned  hy  the  iniiai)it;iiiis. 

Though  now  in  great  consternation,  tlu^  peo])le  of  Swans(>y  and  its  vicinirt 
did  not  forg(>t  to  make  known  their  distressed  situation  by  sending  runners  v,ii 
the  utmost  despatch  to  Boston  and  Plimouth  liu"  assistance.  "  JJut,"  snysm:: 
chronicler  of  that  day,  "  hefore  any  came  to  them,  they  of  hoth  towns,  Hii^ 
l)oth  and  Swan:,ey,  were  gathered  together  into  three  houses,  men,  Avnnioii.aM 
children,  and  there  had  all  jirovisions  in  common,  so  that  they  who  had  iioilnir 
wanted  notiung.  Immediately  ath'r  notice  her(>of  came  to  Boston,  dniaisln;; 
lip  for  volunteers,  and  in  13  hours  time  were  mustered  u]»ai)oiit  110  men. C:i|C 
Samuel  .Moseli/  heing  their  commander.  This  (.'apt.  J\lo.ie1i/  hath  Imtm  a 
old  privateer  at  Jamaica,  an  excellent  soldier,  and  an  undaunted  siiirii,  in. 
whosi'  memory  will  he  lionorahle  in  New  England  for  his  many  ciiiiiicm  m- 
vices  he  hath  (hnie  t'le  public. 

"  There  were  also  among  these  men,  about  10  or  12  privateers,  tluit  Ii.'iil  Iw" 
then;  some  time  before.  They  carried  with  them  several  dogs,  tliiit  pruv.i 
si'rviceabU;  to  them,  in  tinding  out  the  (>nemy  in  thi-ir  swam])s;  one  wiiiii: 
would,  for  several  days  together,  go  out  and  bring  to  them  (i,  S  or  10  ymii.' 
pigs  of  King  Phitiplf  herds.  Tliere  went  out  also  amongst  these  iiii'ii,f« 
Corndiiis,t\.  Dutchman,  who  had  lately  been  condemned  to  die  for  ])iniiv,li"! 
afterwards  received  a  pardon  ;  he,  willing  to  show  his  gratitude  tiiercHn',  wiiiil 
out  and  did  several  good  services  abroad  against  the  enemy." 

All  who  have  sought  afler  truth  in  matters  of  this  kind,  are  well  awarent'tbl 


of  Jiinr  last,  seven  or  eight  of  King  I'hilip's  men  oainc  In  Sirtrnsii/  on  llie  Lord's  ilav.ar.; 
would  ^"-rind  a  lialrlict  at  an  inhahilant's  house  tliere;  llu;  master  lold  them,  il  was  llie -a- 
batli  day,  and  Iheir  (iod  would  lie  very  ani',ry  if  ho  should   lei  ihem  do  il.    'I'lioy  reiiin.o:| 
this  answer:  Tliey  knew  noi  who  his  (iod  was,  and  thai  lliev  would  do  il,  for  all  liini.  nr  ci 
God  eillior.     i'Voni  ihenee  they  went  to  anolher  house,  and  took  awav  some  viclunls.  Iml  ir' 
no  man.     Immediately  they  met  a  man  Iravellin;;'  on  the  mad,  kept  him  in   cuslody  a  ■1:1 
time,  then  dlsmisi  him  (juielly  ;  giving  him  this  eanlion,  that  he  should  not  work  on  liistio'' 
day,  and  that  he  should  tell  no  lies.''     Chromric,  f),  'J. 
*  CMendar's  Discourse  on  ihc  ilist,  of  II.  Island. 


[Book  \\\ 

nt  tlicy  lifiil  ill', 
s,  tlmt  the  ii:inv 
luhly  luM'u  ii,:iii'. 

As  till'  iM(i|„ 
iliaiis,  wliMi  III;,. 
you,  wci-f  killiil 
Uillcd  tli('  siiiiic 
lien  wrri;  as  wiii 
lUHclvcs. 

lll(!  Otlicr  ll!llli!,i; 

in  no  (Iniil,  iii'li;i 
lulers ;  lor  had  \\^ 


ravage,  Imni  a; . 
iisidf'ral  '<■  wiin  ; 

lllltl,  l!n'''(l'nn',  Ml. 

•I'd   into  liis  n:w 
luMMi  rcriiiiiitiil ; 
:)rtnnity  loarliiiv, 
s  oxpandfil  iniir- 
10  Eiiirlisli!  till.;. 

rlltS  Ot"  vast  lUilLll; 

I  forces  iiiai'clii'i!  r 
lollior.     A  p:in  'i 

r   ol"   I'oCnSSl't,   111"'; 

y,  which  wiis  Inin.'. 
•  tht'  iidiahitmii>. 
iscy  and  its  vii'iinr; 
ndin^f  nuiiMTswi;!: 

C.       "Hut,"  Siiyv.r 

'  both  towns,  |{ilf- 
s,  men,  W(iiiii'ii.:!a: 
ny  who  liiwlimtliiii; 

Boston,  dnnu>!i 
lioiitllO  nirii.C;!! 
Isclji  hath  !'"i'i>  ;■'■ 
lida"unt('d  sjiirii,  >'<.> 

many  rmiiu'n'  xi- 

jitcei-s,  tliatliiiiHw 

Id  doirs,  thiU  pv"" 

Imps;  oni'  wl"'''' 

Im  <!,  >^  or  10  \i'i": 

Infest  tlii'sc  iiiiMi.i* 

lo^lic  i'of  i)inu'y,l"'. 

litudt)  therefor,™'! 

Inv." 
n>"  well  aware  nt  I 


Jnn  ilio  I-iir'l'*  '';'>■'■ 
[l  tlicm.  il  was  ilK 
I  ,lo  il.    T;»\vrouiK;| 
|„  il.ror  all  Imii.i'f-'^ 
1  s<m.<-  v-H-tnals  Imi  »- 

I  not  work  on  Ills  C»^i 


Ch/I-  II] 

extreme  diffieiilty  of  invt-'stijration 


rniLIP— 1113  WAIl  OF  1C75. 


25 


Twi'iity  porHons  nmy  write  nn  ncronnt  of 


i.  iidjiir  to  the  paHisjiae  of  wliicli  all  luav  liavo  hceii  \vitn.;ss(!S,  and  no  two  of 

[I    "  •  1""*  ?  I  '-^  f    ,  ••  Fill  1  il'il  I'l  ' 

leiii  aiiree  in  many  ot  its  partieulars.      I  he  aiitlior  or  tlie  tracts  wJiicli  w  ■  cito 
iider  the  name  of  The  Oi.u  I.ndian  Ciik(»mci.e,  wroUihis  accoimts  in  IJoston, 


an ' 
till 

I  ^yp  |,[iv(.  110  doiiht  of  liis  intention  to  record  evi-ry  event  with  the  strictest 
ri'i'ard  to  trntli ;  if  1'  ■  hud  erred,  it  is  (ioubtlt;ss  from  his  recoriling  the  first  news 
of  iia  event,  which  often  varies  in  point  of  iuct  afterwords.  Hubbard  und  Ma- 
ther, two  contemporary  liistorians,  had  tli(!  advantage  of  a  comparison  of  re- 
ports, and  of  revising  their  works  in  their  passage  through  the  press;  wlu'retis 
tlieaiitiior  of  the  tracts  wrote  them  as  l(!ttei-s  to  a  friend  in  London,  where  they 
>>ere  iiiiiiiediately  printed.  With  allowances  for  these  circumstunces,  as  full 
credit  should  he  given  to  his  relation,  as  to  either  of  the  others.  His  acconnts 
of  the  first  events  at  Swansey  are  detailed  in  his  own  words  in  a  previous  note, 
Qjul  we  here  proceed  wi.a  another  jiortion  of  his  narrative;. 

"  Ilv  this  time  the  Indians  have  killed  several  of  our  incn,  but  tin;  first  that 
was  killed  was  Jmie  28,  a  man  at  Swansc^y  ;  that  he  and  his  family  had  left  his 
house  amongst  the  rest  of  the  inhabitants,  und  adventm-ing  with  bis  wife  and 
gon  (about  twenty  years  old)  to  go  to  bis  bouse  to  fetch  them  corn,  and  such 
like  thinirs:  (he  having  just  before  8<mt  bis  wife  and  son  away)  as  be  was  going 
out  of  the  house,  was  set  on  and  shot  by  Indiuns.  His  wife  being  not  far  off", 
heard  the  {iiins  go  off,  went  back."  and  fell  into  their  hands.  Dishonoreii,  and 
afterwards  scalped  l)y  them,  she  immediately  died,  and  her  son  was  at  the  same 
time  scalped.  "They  also  the  next  day  [24  June]  killed  six  or  sev(!n  men  at 
gwaiisey,  and  two  more  at  one  of  the  garrisons ;  und  as  two  men  went  out  of 
one  of  the  garrisons  to  draw  a  bucket  of  water,  they  were  shot  and  carried 
awiiv,  and  aftenvards  were  found  with  their  fingcre  and  feet  cut  oft',  and  the 
skill  of  their  heads  flayed  oft","  that  is,  sculped. 

"About  14  days  after  that  they  sent  for  more  help  ;  whereupon  the  authority 
of  Boston  made  Capt.  Thomas  Savage  the  major  general  in  that  cxp(!dition, 
will),  with  (JO  horse,  and  as  muny  foot,  went  out  of  IJoston  ;  huvhig  presses!  borsi's 
for  tlie  footmen,  and  six  carts  to  curry  jwovisions  with  tbeni."  "  They  traveled 
day  and  night  till  they  cuine  to  their  gurrisons,  and  within  three  days  ufler 
inarched,  horse  und  f"oot,  leuving  guards  in  the  garrisons,  towards  Mount  Hope, 
wiicre  King  Philip  mid  bis  wife  was.  They  caiae  on  bim  at  unawares,  so  that 
lie  was  forced  to  rise  from  dinner,  and  he  and  all  with  him  fled  out  of  tliat  land 
called  iMount  Hope,  u|)  further  into  the  country.  Tfiey  pursued  them  as  fur  as 
they  could  go  for  swamps,  and  killed  15  or  l(i  in  that  expedition,  then  returned 
ami  took  what  ho  had  that  wt!s  worth  takhig,and  spoiled  the  rest ;  tuking  all  his 
cattle  and  hogs  that  they  couici  find,  und  nlso  took  possession  of  Mount  Hof)e, 
wliich  had  then  a  thousand  acres  under  corn,  which  is  since  cut  down  by  the 
Eiiffli.sli,  and  disposed  of  according  to  their  discretion.  Cornelius  [before  men- 
tioned! was  in  this  ex|)loit,  and  pursued  Philip  so  hard,  that  he  got  iiis  cup  off 
Ills  head,  and  now  weai-s  it." 

It  was  June  26,  that  the  English  marched  out  of  Boston  for  Swansey  ;  and 
tliey  arrived  there  two  days  ufter,  namely,  June  28,  a  little  Iwjfore  night.* 
Twelve  men  immediately  inarched  out  to  invade  Philip^s  territories,  who  were 
attacked  by  uboiit  the  same  number  of  Philip^s  men.  The  invaders  were  i-e- 
piilsed,  having  one  killed,  and  one  wounded,  and  bis  horse  killed  under  him. 
Of  the  Indians  two  were  killed. 

The  next  day,  June  29,  the  Indiuns  nppeared  boldly  in  view  of  the  English, 
and  hy  their  shouts,  it  ivould  seem,  dared  them  to  come  out  und  fight.  Mosely 
sallied  out  at  the  head  of  a  company  of  volunteei-s,  and  rushed  furiously  upon 
them.  They  fled  to  their  coverts,  but  even  here  made  a  stand  only  for  a  mo- 
ment ;  for  after  one  fire  they  all  fled.  One  of  the  English,  Ensign  Savage,  was 
ivnmided,  the  ball  lodging  in  his  thigh,  and  another  pussed  through  the  brim 
of  iiis  liat.f  Mostly  pursued  the  Indians  above  a  mile,  and  killed  five  or  six  of 
them,  as  they  were  making  th.eir  retreat  into  a  swamp.  It  was  in  this  pui-suit 
that  the  exploit  of  Cornelius  took  place,  just  related,  and  Philip  was  not  seen  at 


•■  [fiihlmril,  Narrative,  18. 

t  t'//wi(/),  who  was  in  tliis  anion,  says   Sarao^e  ■<vns  wounded  by  his  own  party  :  having 
divided  dieuiselves  into  two  wings,  in  their  confusic.i  one  lired  upon  tlie  other. 


nm 


fVTii 


fee's; 


m--^ 


■:'iT.l 


15"'*,*  V)  '"I'l J 

r«'...*i  'Jut 
Ir^^^;*^'  ;;MU 


/  t^t^-:- '■  "iM 


,»•.>■- 


m 


it-      I •'■,■■  ■ ;  .  -'"j  .■  v« 

■'  •■-'■■■■ '   m^^n 


W- 


Ilir 


26 


PHTLIP— BATTLE  OF  PTJNKATEESET. 


[Hook  II] 


Mount  FTopn  afrnin  until  thd  next  yvnr.  Tlio  n(>xt  day  the  Enplisli  forrcs  tniv. 
ei-sod  MitKiit  llopo  Nock,  (omul  Phihys  wi^fuani,  l)iit,  liirnsolf  and  all  liis  |,i„. 
pic  had  nKu'i'  jrood  their  retreat.  They  loiin;.  the  heads  of  eijihtol"  tin;  lluiilisk 
that  had  heen  killed,  '^et  upon  poles,  atKeekaniuit,  whieh  they  took  down  ;;ini 
interred. 

On  the  niorniiifr  olMuly  I,  as  Lieutenant  Oukes  was  returning?  to  lieiul-r|ii;ir. 
ters  at  Swansey,  havinj^  'enc;un|te(l  at  Kehohoth  the  iireeedin^r  ni^dit,  lie  ,!i^. 
e.overed  a  eonumny  of  Indians,  and  attacked  them.  How  many  were  killdlj^ 
not  stated,  hut  two  of  Pltilip^s  chief  ca|)tain.s  wen;  among  the  numlM  r.  diiint' 
whom  was  named  TnETtK,  "a  sachem  of  iMoimt  Jlo|)e."  Of  the  JjiLfli^li  (i,,, 
was  killed.  The  scaljjs  of  three  Indians  that  were  killed  were  taken  otriiyili,. 
ilnglisli  and  sent  lo  lioston,  which,  were  lh('  first  taken  hy  them  in  this  w'nr.- 

At  the  solicitalioii  of  Benjamin  Church,  a  eonijiany  of  !}()  men  wciv  put 
under  him  and  Captain  i\ilUr,  who,  on  the  8  July,  marched  down  into  I'(hh.<. 
set  Neck,  Church,  who  was  well  ac(]uainted  with  the  Indians,  had  nrfrcd  tlm 
officers  of  the  army  to  |)ursu(!  Philip  on  th(!  I'oci'iset  side,  heing  fully  pciMia. 
dcd  that  there  wen;  no  Indians  in  Mount  Hope  Neck,  the  part  of  the  ((iiiiiin 
they  were  taking  so  much  pains  to  guard  and  fortify  ;  but  they  would  not  Inn, 
to  his  advice,  and  the  consequence  was,  Philip  hm-ned  and  destroyed  tlic  idwnj 
towards  Plimouth. — Ihit  to  return  to  tla;  force  under  Church  and  Fuller.  Thi?, 
though  but  small  at  first,  was  divided  into  two.  Church  had  1!)  men,  and  /V/fo 
th(!  remaining  17.  The  party  under  CViwrc^  jn-oceeded  into  u  point  (if  limj 
called  Punkateeset,  now  the  southerly  extremity  of  Tiverton,  wlicic  i|i,v 
were  attacked  by  a  great  body  of  Indians,  .'300,  as  Church  learned  alicrwunl^ 
who  nearly  cncoujpassed  them  ;  but  alter  a  few  minutes  fight,  the  Kiifili^ln,. 
treated  to\he  sea  shore,  and  thus  saved  themselves  from  immediate  (itstmr. 
tion.  Church  gave  orders  for  a  retreat  the  very  moment  he  discovcnd  t|.;i; 
the  ohject  of  the  Indians  was  to  siu-round  them.  This  proved  thcii  -iitln, 
although,  as  they  were  now  situated,  they  could  expect  but  little  else  tlnin 
to  sell  their  liv(!S  at  the  price  of  a  greater  lui/nber  of  their  enemies.  Tlitn' 
Indians  were  well  armed,  "  their  bright  guns  glittenng  in  the  sun,"  wliich  u;>m 
them  a  formidable  ap])earance.  Thus  hemmed  in,  Church  had  a  doiiliif  ilmy 
to  perform  ;  that  of  preserving  the  spirits  of  his  famished  followers,  nwny  of 
whom  were  ready  to  give  up  all  for  lost,  and  erecting  defences  of  ^tdiics  lo 
defend  them.  Many  were  the  hair-breadth  escapes  of  iiulividuals  in  this  liiile 
band  on  this  trying  occasion.  In  the  languagi;  of  Church,  "  they  wcni  insit 
with  nudtitudes  of  Indians,  who  possessed  themselves  of  every  rock,  imj 
stump,  tree  or  fence,  that  A^as  in  sight,"  from  which  they  fired  without  vvaAm, 

Boats  had  been  ap})ointed  to  attend  upon  the  English  in  this  exiudiiimi, 
but  they  had  grounded  on  tiie  Rhode  Island  shore,  and  couhl  not  come  to'inir 
assistance  ;  at  length,  however,  one  got  off,  and  came  towards  them,  m  hicli  save 
them  hopes  of  escafie,  but  these  were  of  short  duration  :  the  Indians  tired  into 
it,  and  prevented  their  landing.  Church  ordered  those  in  it  to  ride  oiriHviiiid 
musket  shot,  and  to  send  a  canoe  ashore  ;  btit  they  dared  not  even  to  do  tliij, 
When  Church  saw  that,  in  a  moment  of  vexation,  ho  ordered  the  boat  tube 
gone  in  an  instant  oj-  he  would  fire  upon  it ;  she  immediately  left,  and  the 
})eril  of  the  English  was  greatly  increased ;  for  now  the  Indians  were  tii- 
cournged,  and  they  fired  "  thicker  and  faster  than  liofore." 

N ight  was  now  almost  enshrouding  them,  their  aninuinition  nearly  spiiit, 
and  the  Indians  had  possessed  themselves  of  a  stone  house  that  overlooked 
them,  but  as  though  ])reserved  by  a  miracle,  not  one  of  the  JiUglish  in  all  this 
time  was  wounded.  But  fortune's  sport  was  now  nearly  ended  :  a  sloo])  wdj 
discovered  bearing  down  towards  them,  and  soon  after.  Church  niiiiniiiioeil 
that  relief  was  coming,  for  that  the  vessel  was  coiumanded  l)y  "  Cajit.  Gold- 
iNG,  whom  he  knew  to  be  a  man  for  business."  True,  it  was  Goldin?.  He 
sent  his  canoe  ashore,  but  it  was  so  small  that  it  would  take  but  two  at  a  time 
to  the  vessel.  The  embarkation  immediately  commenced,  and  nieantirae 
the  Indians  plied  their  shot  Avith  such  effect  that  the  colors,  sails,  aiul  stern 
of  the  slooji  were  fiill  of  bullet-holes.     Church  was  the  last  man  to  cnibuil;, 


•    *  I  deduce   liic   facts  in  this    sentence    from  a   comparison   of   Hubbard,  20,  witii  "i' 
Chronicle,  13. 


[TlooK  111 

sli  forrcs  trnv. 
id  all  Ills  |i('(i. 
»)l'tli(!  iMiuUsh 
,()ok  down  ;;iul 

;  to  li('ii(l-(iii;ir. 
r  iiiirlit,  111'  ilis- 
■  Wt'i-c  killnl  is 

\llllllll'V,  (IlllMlf 

10  FiU^rlisli  din; 
akoii  tilVliy  the 

11  ill  tliis  Will-; 

llK'll    WflT  |illt 

iwii  intii  I'liiiis. 
4,  had  \ir!.'iil  ilw 
iiii  t'nlly  iiiiMia- 

i  ot"  till-    I'lllllilIT 

woidil  not  liiiir 
royt'd  till'  tiiuiii 
idVullt'i'.  Tills 
I  iiiLMi,  mill  l-'vlht 
3  a  jioiiit  ot'  limd 

toll,  wlltTf  tl'iT 
iiTiod  illlcl-Willils 

t,  tilt!  Kiii;li<liiv- 
iiiicdiati'  (It  stiiii'- 
;  discovcrrd  that 
ovcd  tliiii  .-iility, 
,t  little  L'lsy  thiin 
ciiciuii'S.    Tiioe 
Willi,"  wliicli  ii«e 
liud  a  doulili'  iluu 
jllowcrs,  iiiuiiy  «1 
■uccs  of  t-toni's  to 
uals  in  this  liillc 
tlioy  wcri'  hM 
ev(M-y  rork,  iiiiJ 
witliout  ('t'aHiii;. 
tliis  cxiMdiii'in, 
notoonu!  to'litir 
hcni,ulii<li?i''« 
iidiaiis  tiiTil  into 
orido  oil'l)iyoii(i 
.,t  cvoii  to  do  ife 
•od  tlio  l)oiit  t('li« 

itcly  U-ft,  »'"! '''« 
Indians  wvk  on- 

tioii  nearly  sptnt, 
that  ovii'ltx'l^'';! 
'^nfllisli  in  »ll  ''"* 
ided  :  a  sloon  WK 
'^hwrh  annnmiceJ 

,  hv  "  ^i>l'^-  f'"''"' , 
Ivas  Goldim.   11« 
1  but  two  at  II  time 
Id,  and  iiiL'aniime 

L  sail><, '""l  f  ? 
It  man  to  cinbarn, 


Cii.vv  ni 


I'lIIMP.— POCAS.SET  SWAMP   FlfJIIT. 


27 


aiiiM'il  ti-oiii  iiof'toi'  "■''"'"'■•'•'•'**  "■"'"  tlie  <;ov«'niiii(!iit  tlicre,  "  tor  tlu-iii  to 
iiass  into  iNarrafraiisct,  to  treat  with  the  Kaeiieins,  and  if  it  luijrlit  lie,  to  prc- 
vi'iit  tlieir  joiiiiiifr  "itiiP/ifVi/*."  Aeeordiiifily  they  marched  iiitotiiat  country, 
hilt  all  tlie  ciiief  men  and  warriors  lied  on  their  aj)|iroaeli.  The  historical 
■  '"  ■'''■'  act  was  viewed  hy  tlnuu  as  a  d((claratioy  of" 
lioiild  have!  so  considered  it;  hucausi!  the 


lo  us  he  was  retreating  Imckward  to  the  hoat,  a  hall  ^'la/.ed  the  hair  of 
r,' i'lcail,  two  others  struck  the  caiio!'  as  he  entered  it,  and  a  fourth  lod^r,,,! 
•""■■  <lakc  which  accidentally  stood  Just  heliire  "the  middle  of  his  hreast !  " 
"'tIius  this  little  hand,  alter  a  ti^fht  oi"  ahout  six  hours,  esi-ajii'd.     The  |tarfy 

l,.i- (jiptaiii  Fuller  met  with  similar  liirtimo ;  they  were  attacked  hy  ^rreat 
iiiiii'ihirs  hut  escaped  hy  fretting'  i»ossession  of  an  old  house  close  n|ion  the 
,1,  t,.i's  e'djic  aiitl  were  early  taken  oil"  hy  hoats.  Ihit  two  of  the  party  wi-rc 
woiiiiiled.  ^  Home  of  the  Indians  were  killed  and  wounded  this  day,  biit  liow 
iminv  if*  n'*t  known. 

The  suite  day  this  fijrht  took  place,  a  hont's  crew  went  from  Rhode  Island 
.|,jii„,„jij;('f  to  look  aller  souk;  cattli-,  and  were  tired  upon  hy  tht!  Itidians,  and 
oiii-  of  their  niunher,  a  servant  (if  Captain  Church,  was  severely  wounded. 

Siiiiic  of  the  ai'ts  of  the  English,  in  retrosjiect,  do  not  discover  that  jiidf.'- 
iiii'iit  the  circumstances  seem  to  havi'  elicited,  csiiecially  tliat  in  relation  to 
ill,.  Nurrafiaiisets.  They  had  now  driven  yVii'/i/;  out  of  Alouiit  llojie  Neck, 
.,11,1  not  know in<r  exactly  where  to  tind  him,  the  forces  in  that  cpiarter  re- 
iiiai'iu'il  doulitiii^'  what  next  to  do.  At  this  juncture  Captain  Hutrhlnson 
airiM'il  ti-om  JJoston  W'itli  orders  ii-om  the  <;overiiin<!nt  there,  "  for  them  to 

vet 

hilt -         ,         .         ,         ,. 

ciiii'lnsioii  is,  therelore,  that  this  act  was 
war  tuid  it  is  rational  that  they  should  1 

anii'v  iissiimed  a  most  hostile  attitude,  "resolviiijj  they  would  fro  to  make 
peai'i'  with  a  sword  in  their  hands."  Havinjr  arrivtsd  in  the  Narrairanset 
coiiiitiv,  three  or  four  days  wen;  sptmt  in  lindinjr  Indians  with  whom  to 
treat  :(li)r  they  could  find  none  to  fi;;lit ;)  at  length,  tour  men  were  Hiiind,  whom 
the  Kii;.'lish  styh'd  sachems,  and  a  treaty  was  drawn  up  at  <rreat  length  and 
gii'iitil  hy  the  parties.  To  ensure  itsohs(!rvaiice  the  Ibllowing  hostages  were 
taki'ii  into  custody  hy  the  army:  John  Wobkquob,  Wkowthim,*  I'f.wkes, 
ami  W  iKNKW',  "four  of  the  sachems  near  kinsmen  and  choice  i\\  -ds." 
Aiiioiii;  the  stipulations  of  the  treaty  we  find  these: 

Till' said  sachems  shall  carefully  seize  all  and  awry  oi' Philip^s  subjects, 
and  (i<'liver  thein  up  to  th  •  English,  alive  or  dead ;  that  they  shall  use  all 
acts  of  hostility  against  I  hilip  and  liis  subjects,  to  kill  them  wiierev(U'  they 
can  he  found;  that  if  they  seize  Philip,  aiul  deliver  him  alive  to  the  English, 
tht'V  sliall  receive  40  trucking  cloth  coats ;  and  for  his  head  alone,  20  of 
said  coats ;  and  for  every  subject  of  said  sachem  2  coats,  if  alive,  and  one  if 
dead.    This  treaty  is  dated  Petaquanscol,  15  July,  1()75; 

la  presence  of  and  signed  by  the  marks  of 

Daniel  Henchman,  Tawaokson, 

Thomas  Prentice,  Taytso.v, 

Nicholas  Paige,  Agamaco, 

hstph  Skinlon,  Interpreter.  Wampsh,  alias 

Henn/  Hawlaws,  i  [Indians,  Cormas. 

Peco'e  Bucow,       ^      probably.] 
Job  Xeff. 

Philip  commanded  in  person  npoii  Pocasset,  where,  upon  the  18th  of  July, 
he  was  discovered  in  a  "dismal  swamp."  He  had  retired  to  this  place, 
which  is  adjacent  to  Taunton  River,  with  most  of  his  Wampanoags,  and 
such  others  as  had  joined  him,  to  avoid  tiilling  in  with  the  English  army, 
which  was  now  jiursuiiig  him.  From  tlK^ir  numbers,  the  English  were 
nearly  able  to  encomjiass  the  swamp,  and  the  fate  oi'  Philip  they  now  thought 
sealed.  On  arriving  at  its  edge,  a  few  of  Philip\t  warriors  showed  them- 
selves, and  the  English  rushed  in  upon  them  with  ardor,  and  by  this  feint 
were  (Irawa  tiir  into  an  ambush,  and  "about  1')  were  slain."  The  leaves 
upon  the  trees  were  so  thick,  and  the  hour  of  the  day  so  late,  th:'t  a  friend 
could  not  be  distinguished  from  a  foe,  "whereby  'tis  verily  feared,"  says  Dr. 
Mather,  '-that  [the  English  themselves]  did  sometimes  unhappily  shoot  Eng- 

*  ProbaMy  the  same  called  in  another  place  NoWEquA. 


l>^i(L'!|^ii*iP 


iVd   ■     ■     ■  *W  ;Jw''l 


m  mi 


If'- 


^^.*1 


28 


PHILIP— rimiT  AT  RF.iiomvnr  plain. 


[ni.MK  III 


lislinifii  iiistrnd  of  IiKriiiiH."  A  retreat  was  now  onlen-d,  and,  «'(nisi(I(.ri;i|, 
PhUip''n  (SHcape  iiiipossililc,  the  iiiDst  of  the  forees  \v\\  the  phiee,  a  ti'w  ,||,|^ 
reinaiiiiiifr,  "to  ntnrve  out  tlie  eiieiiiy."  'I'lial  I'hUiji's  I'orc*)  was  irrent  nt  thj,, 
tiiiio  JH  certain,  from  the  fiiet  that  a  Inindred  wi^rwaniM  were  found  mnp  (1,^ 
ed^'o  of  th«  Kwanip,  newly  constructed  of  fireen  hark  hi  one  of  thiw  the 
Ennhsli  found  an  ohi  man,  who  iidormed  tliem  that  Philip  was  there.  \\l 
lost  but  few  mtMi  in  tiiu  uncouiiter,  thou^rh,  it  iu  Huid,  lie  liad  a  \n-u\\wr 
killed.* 

The  idle  notion  of  building  a  fort  here  to  starve  out  Philip,  was  surtj. 
ciently  censured  by  the  historians  of  that  day.  For,  as  (^aptain  ('Imnlic^. 
presses  it, /o  build  a  fort  for  nothivs;  to  cover  the  people  from  nohodii,j  was  riiilur 
a  ridiculous  idea.  This  observation  he  mad(!  upon  a  t()rt's  beinj;  built  iMKin 
Mount  Hope  Neck,  some  time  aller  every  Indian  liad  lell  that  side  of  the 
country,  and  who,  in  fiict,  were  layinj,'  waste  the  towns  before  mentioiK d. 

The  swamp  where  Philip  was  now  contined,  wiih  upon  a  jjieiM!  of  coiintrv 
which  projected  into  Taunton  River,  and  was  nearly  seven  miles  in  cxtinf^ 
After  being  guarded  here  13  days,  which,  in  the  end,  was  greatly  to  his  iKKm,. 
tage,  and  afforded  him  sufficient  time  to  i)rovi(le  canoes  in  which  to  iniikf  ha 
escape,  lie  passed  the  river  with  most  of  his  men,  and  madcs  good  his  ntnai 
into  the  country  upon  Connecticut  River.  In  effecting  this  retreat,  mi  ani. 
dent  happened  which  deprived  him  of  some  of  his  choicest  and  bravest  cup- 
tain?,  as  we  shall  proceed  to  relate. 

About  the  26  July,  1G75,  Oneko,  with  two  of  his  brothers,  and  about  .'iO  men, 
came  to  Boston,  by  direction  of  Uncas,  his  father,  and  declared  their  (Icsiitti) 
assist  the  English  against  the  Wainpaiioags.  A  fewEnglisli  and  tlircn^  Nmicb 
wen!  added  to  their  company,  and  immediately  despatched,  by  way  (if  I'lj. 
mouth,  to  the  enemy's  coimtry.  This  circuitous  route  was  taken,  |>(ih,i|i<, 
that  they  might  have  their  instructions  immediately  from  the  governor  df 
that  colony  ;  Massachusetts,  at  that  time,  probably,  supposing  the  war  iiiiiht 
be  ended  without  their  direct  interference.  This  measure,  as  it  |i:(i\«l, 
was  very  detrimetital  to  the  end  in  view;  for  if  they  had  jn'oceeded  diricilv 
to  Seekonk,  they  would  have  been  there  in  season  to  have  met  Philip  in  his 
retreat  from  Pocasset ;  and  this  force,  being  joined  with  the  other  Hn^'jiih 
forces,  then  in  the  vicinity,  they  in  all  jjrobability  might  have  finislicd  the 
war  by  a  single  fight  with  him.  At  least,  his  chance  of  escape  would  Imve 
been  small,  as  he  had  to  cross  a  large  extent  of  clear  and  open  roinitn, 
where  many  of  his  men  must  have  been  cut  down  in  ffight,  or  fought  man 
to  man  with  their  |)ursuers.  Whereas  Oneko  was  encamj)ed  at  sonip  ili^ 
tance,  having  arrived  late  the  night  beibre,  and  some  time  was  lost  in  rally- 
ingj  after  Philij)  was  discovered.  They  overtook  him,  however,  about  iO 
o'clock  in  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  August,  and  a  smart  fight  ensued, 
Philip  having  brought  his  best  men  into  the  rear,  many  of  them  wei-e  slain; 
among  these  was  JVimrod,  alias  Woonashum,  a  great  captain  rnd  counsellor, 
who  had  signed  the  treaty  at  Taunton,  four  years  before. 

From  what  cause  the  fight  was' 8us])ended  is  unknown,  though  it  would 
seem  from  some  relations,  that  it  was  owing  to  Oneko'a  men,  who,  .seeiii' 
themselves  in  possession  of  considerable  jilunder,  fell  to  loading  thcniselves 
with  it,  and  thus  gave  Philip  time  to  escape.  FVom  this  view  of  the  ciisc, 
it  would  appear  that  the  Mohegans  were  the  chief  actors  in  the  otf'^nsive. 
It  is  said  that  the  Naticks  urged  immediate  and  further  pursuit,  which  did 
not  take  place,  in  consequence  of  the  extreme  heat  of  the  weather ;  and 
thus  the  main  body  were  permitted  to  escape. 

Mr.  JVeiwmtn,  of  Rehoboth,  gave  an  account  of  the  affair  in  a  letter,  in 
which  he  said  that  "  14  of  the  enemy's  principal  men  were  alain."  He  also 
mentioned,  in  terms  of  great  praise,  the  Naticks  and  Moh'egans  under  0«(i& 

Philip  havuig  now  taken  a  position  to  annoy  the  back  settlements  of 


the  KnglLsh,  bv  an 


•  This  is  upon  the  aiilhority  of  liic  anonymous  author  of  the  "Present  State,"  ii.t..,i  \ 
which  wo  sliall  elsewhere  luive  occasion  to  lake  notice.     That  author  seems  to  have  co» 
founded  the  fight  hotwccn  Theh,:  and  Lieut.  Oakes  willi  that  of  Reiiobolh  Plain. 

t  Hist.  Phihp's  War,  p.  G.  ed.  4to. 

X  Goubn's  MS.  liiat.  Praying  Indians. 


Cii*'"  "1 


AMiMISlI    AT   UIKAnvUO. 


30 

On  il  .Inly,  tivi 

Inixl  hImmI  in  till 

that    were   killcil    were  iilionf  tlii'ir  wink  in  tli*; 


Miissiirlnisi'tts.  Iiis  wnrrims  IMI    vij;iiiiHisly   to  tin-   work 

mIiiIc  an'  killi'il  at  Mi-nilon,  in  .Mass.,  wliirli  is  tin-  lirsl  liliind  hImmI  in  tin 
J.'',[,',in  in  this  war.  'I'Im'si 
(•,1(1  Mini  kni'NN  not  tlit'ir  Minnlcrcrs ;  niid  wlirtlirr  they  wcrr  killcil  l»y 
iiliihii's  mi'ii  is  unknown, 
^o'lii  ath-r  till'  war  lirj;aii,  iMiisHiiclin  *rtis,  fearing' th<'  .NipmiikH  inirlit  join 
■i'lli /ViiVi'/',  >"'"'  iiirHsi'iifri'rs  t<»  treat  witii  tlii-ni.  'riir  yoim;.'  Indians  wen; 
toiiiiil  "siirlv,"  l>nt  the  old  im-n  were  l<)r  a  ri'iicwal  of  liicnd!  hip ;  Itiit  tliu 
iiii^nM  or  jit'isons  sent  npon  tliis  laisiiicss  did  not  .ictitiit  thcinsrlviw  in  u 
iiiiiMcr that  jjravc  Miitisraclion  ;  and  /'/uV/yy,  liciiifr  now  in  tlir  country  of  tlio 
ViiMiiiiks,  it  was  conclndrd  liy  tin-  aiillioriliis  ol'  .MassarhiiM'lis  to  niakc  a 
tin'ilii'  ''■'''  oC  tlii'ir  intt'iitioiis.  Ari-ordinjily,  on  ihr  '^H  .lid\,  ('a|iiniiis 
Uiiti-liiitudii  and  iihicur,  with  a  ronijiany  ol'  yo  nioiintrd  nun,  and  :{ ( 'lirislian 
Iiiiliiiii^  as  pilots  and  iiitcrprt'tcrs,  \\/.  Mrmfrhn,  Joscjili,  and  Si(iii/).wn,  went 
witli  siiiiii'  ol' till'  inhaliitants  of  Itrooklicid,  a^rn-ahly  to  appointnirni,  to 
iin'i't  till'  Nipiniik  sai'hi'ins.  It  ii,  I  lii-cn  ajjrt'i'd  liy  tlicsi'  sacheins  to 
III,.,'!  the  l'".n,!:lish  in  a  trraty  at  a  certain  tree  at  UnahaoLr  on  tin-  vi  August, 
on  ;i  pliiiii  •'<  niiles  I'roin  Itrooktield  villaire.  Having;  arrived  here  ai-eordin^ 
to  iiL'i'i'ciiii'nt,  the  Kii<;lisli  I'onnd  no  Indians  to  treat  wiili.  It  was  now  a 
niii'stiiiii  with  all  hnt  the  Itrooklteld  men,  w hether  or  not  tlicy  shonid  pro- 
cod  tit  a  certain  place  where  they  helieved  the  Indians  to  Ic;  at  leiij;di  the 
iiiiiliili'iice  of  the  l{rookfield  |)eopl('  in  the  pacific  disposition  id'  tin,'  Indians, 
iiii'vaili'il,  and  they  marched  on.  The  way  was  so  had  that  they  could  march 
(iMJv  ill  siiijrlc  till',  as  they  approached  the  place  where  they  e.\p;'ci  ■(]  to  find 
till'  liiiliaiis,  and  when  they  came  near  NVikahaii^'  I'ond,  lietwet.'ii  a  swamp 
nil  till'  It'll  and  a  very  ni»ni|)t  and  hijrli  hill  on  the  riylit,  siiddenlv  2  or  oUO 
liiiiiiiiis  rose  np, (Micompassed,  and  tired  u|ion  theni.  i'.ij;ht  wt're  is/lled  oiit- 
riL'lit.  fiiiil  three  ti'll  mortally  wound  'd.  Of  the  latter  iiinnher  was  Captain 
Hulikinson,  who,  thoiifrli  carried  oil'  liy  the  snrvivors,  died  on  the  I!)  An^'iist 
llillduiiij;.  (Japtain  Whctkr  had  ids  horse  shot  under  him,  and  himself  was 
gjidt  tlii'oii^rh  the  body  ;  Imt  his  liJi'  was  saved  throii^ih  the  liravery  and  presenco 
ol'  iiiiiiil  of  a  son  then  with  him.  This  son,  thon^di  his  own  arm  was  hrokuti 
l)V!i  liiillot,  seeinjjthe  jK'ril  of  histiither,  dismounted  from  liis  horse, and  siic- 
ciidi'il  ill  nionntin-r  his  father  upon  it.  A  n-treat  now  lH!jran,aiid,  by  cutting 
tliiir  way  thronffh  the  Indians,  tlie  small  remnant  of  Eiij,'lish  got  buck  to 
Brodkticld.  \ 

Till'  tlireo  Christian  Indians  of  whom  we  liave  spoken,  nwidered  most 
cniini'iit  si'iTico  on  this  day ;  for  hud  tlioy  not  been  there,  there  iiud  been  no 
IHissiiiility  of  one  Kiiiilislmiaii's  escapini;-.  One  of  them,  Gcorire  Meniecho, 
ti'll  into  the  liamls  of  liie  Indians:  the  other  two,  by  Hkill  and  bravery,  l(!d 
the  I'liijrliHli,  by  an  iinknow  n  route,  in  safety  to  Jirooktield.  Vet  these  Ju- 
(liiiiis  we're  afterwards  so  badly  treated  by  tlie  English,  that  they  were  litrced 
to  tly  til  Philip  for  |»rotection.  Sampson  was  afterwards  killed  in  a  fight  by 
tJR'  iOiifrlish  Indians,  and  Joseph  was  taken  in  Pliinonth  colony,  and  sold  lor 
a  slave,  and  sent  to  .Jamaica.  IL' al'terwards  was  suH'ered  to  return,  at  the 
intt'iTcssioa  of  ftlr.  Eliot.  Meinv.cho  escaped  from  his  captors,  and  brought 
be'  'licial  intelligence  to  the  lOnglish  of  the  state  of  Philip's  afliiirs.  | 

file  i'liiglish  having  now  arrived  at  JJrookfK'ld,  us  just  related,  the  In- 
(iiiiiis  pursued  them,  and  urrived  almost  us  soon  ;  liirtiiiiutely,  how(!Ver,  there 
Hiis  liarely  time  to  idurin  tlu^  inhubitunts,  who,  to  the  miniber  of  about  80, 
finrki'il  into  a  garrison  house,  where,  through  persevering  etl'orts,  tlii^y  were 
eiijililcil  to  maintain  themselves  imtil  a  liirce  under  Alajor  lyiuavd  came 
tu  their  relief,  August  4.  Hi;  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Lancaster,  with  48  dru- 
;;oiiiis  and  four  friendly  Indians,  when  he  received  the  iiiKdligence  of  the 
jiL'iihiiis  condition  rtf  lirooktield,  and  hud  just  takiiu  up  his  line  of  march  to 
siiriiri.so  u  lodge  of  Indians   not    tur  from  that    pluce.      He    now   (juiekly 

•^  Aciordinj^  to  all  Iradilioii  liiis  place  is  at  liio  iiorlh  end  of  Wickalioaif  poiirl,  and  the  hill 
wa>  a  coiiKilory  lor  the  bidians;  tor  wi.en  eiihivaled  al'lerwards  hy  the  whiles,  numeroui  l)oiios 
wai' (.■xhiimcd.     FooCs  Hisl.  Hrooktiohl,  ;50. 

t  Narrative  of  llie  alVair  l)y  Captain  Wheeler  liiinscif,  p.  1  to  5, 

JUoukin's  MS.  History  of  the  rrayiii:;'  buliaiis. — Joseph  and  Sampson  were  brothers, 
sousul"  "old  UoBiN  I'jiiuuANiT,  doceascJ,  a  good  mail."  lb. 


I 


.'|;'d 


'■  ».;''*  •(■"ill, 


i^:''il^  i. 

M,  ■■'"!'•  \    ■ 

m% 


l^t''-;:Ht^;>r:^iii? 


'A^'':mt 


?,y'-'''- 


-|--'^t-''' 


10 


lU'RMNCJ  OF   IMlOOKIinM). 


[Hiios  III 


*hnii^'i'(l  IiIh  t'oiirHi'  for  llmoktii'M,  iliMlaiit  nlioiit  'tO  iiiiIch,  wliicli,  Ii\  iiI'mii,,! 
nmrcli,  hr  rt'iicliiMl  in  hiiU'Iv  tin-  nijrlit  litllowiiit'.  'I'liat  In-  wiis  inu  iiitiii|j,,| 
•N  III'  ii|»|»r<i(u'hiMl  till-  ilifOrt'HMcil  >f«irisoii,  \h  iiinst  rvtranrdiiiaiy,  jiir  ii,,, 
liostilf  IiidiaiiN  art!  naiil  to  liavr  Kiiarilnl  rvcry  |iaNHa^'i'  tii  it ;  ami  ilni,.  „,.^ 
ilitii-rviit  rrasiiiis  Htatril  l<>r  lliiit  iii'^rjcct :  oiii'  in,  that  tint  ^'iianl  tliriiii;4| 
wliirli  till-  Kii^'liMli  |mns»'il,  KiifrtTnl  thrill  lit  pnicfrd,  cxiicctiiiff  niimli'f 
friianl  Hiatioiii'il  ntill  iirarrr  thr  piriirtim  wimiIiI  attack  llii'iii  in  Ihrnt  w],,;, 
they  »<lioiil(l  ttill  on  lliriii  in  llir  rnir;  aiiothrr  is,  lliat  they  wnr  ijcrcu,,! 
MM  to  thi*  ntiiiihcrH  ut'  the  l'!ii<;lisli,  thinking'  tliriii  many  iimn-  ilmii  tlii^ 
rtMilly  wi're,  ami  ilarril  not  atlark  thnii.  It  wmihl  hi'ciii,  howrvi'r,  iiii„y 
prolmlilr,  that  tin*  IiiiliaiiH  hail  mi  ^iiaril  at  all  at  thr  point  in  wliiili  i|„y 
n|iproa('lir(l  nt  tlii!  time  tlii-y  arri.nl ;  liir  a  ihovr  of  ralth-,  uhirh  Imd  l,,,,, 
rri^fhti'iird  from  Hrooklirld  into  tin'  woods,  roilowiid  thi»  ri'tir  nt'  HiUnnti 
ronipany  to  thr  ^riirrison,and  wnc  not  iittacki'd,  wliirli  would  not  Iuim'  i,,,,, 
till*  casi',  in  all  prolialiility,  had   the   Indians  Imm'Ii   aware  of  thi-ir  ii,i|iii>ii,„ 

No  NooiKT  was  it  known  to  the  hrsir^'i-rs  tiiat  rrlit'l'  vviiH  romr,  Inii  i|,n 
fi'll  with  iiiort!  fury,  if  possilili',  upon  tlm  di-votud  ^rarrison  than  iMilir,'; 
shooting'  continually  from  all  ijiiarn'rs  ii|)on  it,  which  shows  that  tlii'\  |i;„| 
acridcntally  let  till!  rcinlorciincnt  ;.'<f  into  the  f;arrison.  Thus  to  a  nin.i 
foitiinatn  circiiinstancc  did  this  assi'inhiap'  of  1'iiifrlisli  owe  their  Mitii}, 

At  the  very  time  IVillnrd  iirrivi'd  at  Hrooklield  the  Indians  wi  re  nui. 
triviii^  some  machinery  to  set  the  ^tarrison  on  tire;  and  this  niav  anMJiiii 
for  their  remissness  in  siiffcriiif,'  him  to  come  in  unmolested.  I'liij  tii.| 
endeavored  by  tire  arrows,  uiid  rajis  dipped  in  liriinstone  tied  to  Idiij;  jMii,, 
spliced  :o>,'ether,  to  tire  the  jrarrison,  hut  not  siicceediiifr,  those  wiiiiin  tiim. 
upon  tlieiii  ofVen  with  s.ich  deadly  effect,  they  next,  in  the  lan>;iui<if  oi  M, 
/fuW(Tr«/,  "  used  this  deviiisli  st|•ata^em,  to  fill  a  curt  with  hemp,  Ha.\,  ami 
other  combustihie  matter,  and  so  tlinistinx  it  lmckvvur<l  with  poles  tojiitlur 
spliced  a  great  length,  ufler  they  had  kindled  it ;  but  as  ho  »ii  as  it  hud  liipm 
to  take  fire,  a  storin  of  rain,  unexpectedly  fiiHing,  put  it  out."  * 

During  this  siege  several  of  tlie  whites  were  vvounde  I,  thoiigji  but  (iw 
was  killed.  Of  the  Indians  HO  were  supposed  to  liuve  been  killt'd,f  liuttlnj 
was  doubtless  sotting  the  number  inneli  too  high,  alth'Xigh  they  c\|i(isii{ 
themselveH  beyond  what  was  common  on  similar  occnsionH.  On  tlic  .i 
August  they  quitted  the  place,  satisfied  they  could  not  take  it,  uiul  juiimi 
Philip,  who  was  now  about  tJ  iiiiles  from  the  jilace  where  Hutchinson  was 
ambushed. 

Afh'r  George  Mermcho's  return  to  the  English,  he  gave  the  following' in- 
formation :  "  Upon  Friday,  August  5,  Philip  and  his  compaiij'  cuine  to  iisai 
a  swamp,  6  miles  from  the  swamp  where  they  killed  our  men.  /'Hi) 
brought  with  him  about  4ri  men,  but  women  and  children  many  im;re. 
Philip\t  men  were,  about  .'JO  of  them,  irmed  with  guns,  the  rest  had  liinvt 
and  arrows.  He  observed  th(!re  were  about  10  of  Philip^s  men  woiiiKitJ. 
Philip  was  conducted  to  the  swamp  by  tAVo  Indians,  one  of  tlieiii  [ua,>' 
Caleb  of  Tatumasket,  beyond  Mendoii.  The  Indians  told  Philip,  ut  liis  t'r<i 
coming,  what  they  had  done  to  the  Englisli  at  Ciiiabaog  ;  then  he  presfiiieil 
and  gave  to  three  Sagamores,  viz.  John,  alias  ApEyuiwASH,  QuAP(A.Nsn,aiiil 
Mawtamps,  to  each  of  them  about  a  peck  of  unstrung  womponi,  wliiili 
they  acce{»ted.  Philip,  us  I  miderstood,  told  Quabaog  and  Nij)nnick  Indians, 
that  when  he  first  cu;Me  towards  the  Ni|)imick  country,  and  lefl  his  own,  lie 
liad  in  his  company  about  250  men,  besides  women  and  children,  intliiilins 
the  Sipiaw-Suchem  [Weetamoo]  and  her  company;  but  now  they  Imd  Idl 
him,  and  some  of  them  were  killed  and  he  was  reduced  to  40  imii.  1 
heard  also  that  Philip  said  if  the  English  had  charged  upon  him  and  liii 
people  at  the  swamp  in  his  own  country  [IH  July]  one  or  two  duys  more. 
tliey  had  been  all  taken,  for  their  powder  was  almost  spent.    He  also  saiJ, 


*  Captain  WJieeler  does  not  mention  the  rain,  l)ut  says  they  snrrecdeH  in  setting  the  lioii<i 
on  tire,  vvliich  was  extinguished  at  great  peril  l>y  those  within,  who  had  two  of  their  mei 
wounded. 


t  Hoyl's  Indian  Wars,  101. 


(Hii'ik  III 

it'll,  li\  iiri>r<i,| 
iiH  not  iittiniiil 
limirv,  liir  li, 
;  anil  tin  n  ;ir,. 
^iianl  tlinii.i, 
M'Ctiii;;  uimili.r 
II  ill  t'niiit  Willi, 

^  WW'  iln'ri\i(| 

iiiort'  tliiiii  ili,^ 
Imwcvcr,  iiii. li- 
lt ill  w  I  lie  1 1  i|„v 
wliii'li  liiiii  liiiii 
ri'ur  lit'  HilMi 
Id  lint  hiivf  iii'i'ii 
'  tlii'ii'  a,i|irMiuii. 

4  Clllll)',  illll    tl,<\ 

nil  tllllll  lirliin ; 
VH  tliat  tlicy  Ul 
'riiUH  t<i  11  iiiiift 
tlifir  satt'iy. 
diaiis  writ'  riiii. 
tlllH  IIUIV  IU'nii;iii 

<n\vi\,    riii'j  iii<i 

KmI    to    lollj;   pull, 

loso  within  linn! 
i  liuij;iuint'  III'  Mr 
li  hfiiip,  tla.\,  iiiiii 
th  jiolfs  t(i;:iiliit 

)ll  llH  it  luul  lll'IIIIL 

t."* 

i,\,  thoiifili  \)\\\m 
i'U  killt'(l,f  liiitiliK 
n^\\  tli»'y  <'X|"Ni| 
sioiiH.  On  the  ,i 
tukti  it,  ami  jimnii 
0  Hulchimon  wm 

tlie  Ibllowiiiir  in- 

luiiy  «'uiin!  tn  usal 

joiiV  men.    /'fillip 

jtlren  inaiiy  im^. 

lie  rest  hail  Ini«( 

j's  men  womuii'i 

fi\e  ol'  them  [\n\ 

I  Philip,  nt  his  l'r>i 

hen  lie  prfscnicii 

1,    (iUANA.NSlT,IUlli 

wompoin,  wliit'h 
iNipmiicklmliiiiis 
il  h)\\  his  own,  lit 
ihildreii,  iiii'liit'i"? 
low  they  hml  I'l* 
jd  to  40  lilt'"'  1 

upon  him  ami  liii 
|or  two  days  ii*«; 
ht.    He  also  saiJ. 


Id  in  selling  lliP>« 
lad  l«o  of  iht'ir  ma 


FinilT  AT  HUOAP.I.OAI'  IIILi.. 


:u 


niMiiK 


Cm*'.  "I 

tint  if  il"'  r'HK''**''  '""'  l""''^'"'''   '"'"  <  l'>'*"ly,"  iiM  lie  rotreated  to  tliti  Ni|i- 
,',i,.k  iiiiintrv,  "lie  i'iiir*t  iiifils  liavt)  Imm-ii  n.lit'ii."  • 
\  iMXiHiiltralile  iititiili)'r  of  |iiirtlv  cliiiHtiiiiii/.t'd   liitliaiiM  iiflonp'd   to  llit^ 

,j  lil,„rl„MMl  of  llailify,  iifiir  wliifli  tlit'j  iiail  a  wootltii  lint  to  |iictii't'l  tlii'iii 
."m,y  liiisiih-  liiiliaiiH.     On   tin'   iiifakiii^'  out   of  tlif  lalaiiiitifM   in   that 

,'„j„„j|i,.^,.,  with  all  otIitT   IndiaiiH,  wfif    watfliftl,  and   hiispcftt'tl  of  con- 
rwitli  Philip,  and  an  inti'iition  of  joiniii^'  >Nitli  liini.     'I'o  tt-r^l  tlit'ir  pif- 
aptiiinn //"'/i'"/' "inl    //»;«•  r,»,  who,  will i  a  foift>  of  |H()   nii'ii,   WvTo 

_^^  _  Ilcv,  orilfifti  tlifiii  to  Hiiirfiiilt'r  tiu'ir  ainiH  to  tlit-in.     'I'lifv  Im'h- 

llnti'ii  til  ilu  Hti  then,  hut  intiiiiatt-il  that  ihfy  woiiltl  iiiinifdiattly ;  yet  on  tlio 
I'lilliiwint'  ni^fht,  yr»  ;\n>;nr<t,  they  It'll  thrir  tint  anil  lird  up  tlif  liviT  to- 
wiiril'*  Prrompluk,  Hinee  Deerlii'ltl,  to  join  Philip.  'I'lif  next  tlay  Lolhrnp 
ml !(,.,. rs  piirsiieil  and  overtook  tlit'in  ni'ar  a  hwainp  a  short  tlistaiiee  to  the 
^oiiili  of  .Siipirloaf  Hill,  opposite!  to  the  presfiit  town  of  Siinth'riand.  'I'ho 
jniliiiii.i  hiavt'iy  stood  tht-ir  <;roiintl,  and  a  sharp  ant!  lilootly  t-ontt'st  t'lisiiril. 
Tiirv  were  tiiially  roiiteil,  iiavin^'  '.^(i  of  tlii'ir  nuiiilH>r  slain,  while  tiie  whiti'H 
iirt>  ri'|i<irtt'd  to  liiivu  ioHt  hut  lU  in  killeii,  and  their  iiuiiiImm'  wouniled  is  not 

Ilirlilielii''l'f 

A  (.'iirrisiiii  hfin^eNtahlislietl  at  Northtiiiil,  Oaptain  Hirhitrd  Iktrit,  of  WatiT- 
Iiiwii, I  with  H()  men,  was  attaeked  while  on  their  way  to  rtiinfoift'  il,  ^'l'pt. 
;i  iinir^O  lit  the  .'{()  wrrt!  killeii.  liohrrt  Pep/ier,  ol'Roxhury,  was  taken  cap- 
IJM',  mill  tlif  others  tiHtieted  their  eseape.  PhiUp''a  men  hail  the  aiivaiitaf(o 
(if  iilimkiiijr  them  in  a  plaee  of  tlit-ir  own  ehoosiii>r,  and  their  first  lire  was 
verv  (li'striirtive.  lietrs  retreated  with  his  men  to  a  small  eminenee,  anil 
niaiiitaiiied  the  mieipial  ti<.dit  until  their  ammnnitioii  was  spttnt,  at  whieh 
tiiiH'  a  rart  coiitainin^r  ammnnitioii  f*dl  into  tlu;  hands  of  tin;  Imtians,  anil, 
Ihi'  captain  heiii^  killed,  all  who  witre  ahit;  took  to  tli^dit.  The  hill  to  which 
till'  Kiiv'l>^l>  "''*'«  "'  '''*'  hegimiiii}.'  of  tin;  ti^liti  was  known  alterwards  liy  tlio 
iiaiiir  i)^  liters' a  Mountain.  "Here,"  says  INIr. //uWan/,  "the  harharoiis  vil- 
lains showed  their  insolent  ra;.'e  ami  eruelty,  more  than  ever  hefore ;  eiittinx 
oil'  tlie  heads  of  some  ol'  the  slain,  and  tixin;;  them  upon  poles  nt;ar  thu 
JiiL'iiway,  and  not  only  so,  l)ut  one,  if  not  mori!,  was  found  with  a  ehain 
liimki'diiito  iiis  imder-jaw,  anil  so  hun^  up  on  the  hoii^h  of  a  tret;,  ('tis  fearttd 
ill' was  liiiiif;  lip  alive,)  hy  wliieii  means  they  tliou^ht  to  daunt  and  disioiirairu 
aiiv  that  iiii;;ht  eome  to  their  relief." 

the  pliieo  where  this  fi<rlit  ocnirn'd  was  witliin  ahout  two  miles  of  the  jrar- 
risiiii  nt  ritpiakkea^,  (Nortiitielil,)  and  tlie  ])lain  on  which  it  Ix'^an  is  ealied 
iifmV  Plain.  Meanwhile  the  ganison  was  reduced  to  the  hriiik  of  ruin,  and, 
likr  that  at  Hrookfield,  vvas  saved  hy  the  arrival  of  a  eompany  of  soldiera. 
Twii  (iavH  afh'r  Captain  Beers  was  cut  ofi'.  Major  Trtai  arrived  there  with  100 
men,  and  conveyed  the  f,'arrison  safi'  to  lladley. 

Wi'/i/)  prohahly  conducted  hoth  atiiiirs;  this  of  Captain  Beers,  and  that  of 
Captain  Thomas  Lothrop,  ahout  to  bo  related,  although  it  is  not  positively 
liiiiiwn  to  h'i  the  tiict. 

Some  time  in  the  month  of  Aujjust,  "King  Philip's  men  had  taken  u  young 
Jmi  ahvp,  ahout  14  years  old,  and  bounil  him  to  a  tree  two  nights  and  two 
days,  intending  to  be  merr^  with  him  the  next  day,  and  that  they  would  roast 
liiiiinlive  to  make  sport  with  him;  but  God,  over  night,  touched  the  heart  of 
onr  Indian,  so  that  he  came  and  loosed  him,  and  bid  him  run  grande,  (i.  e.  run 
apace,)  and  hy  that  mt'ans  he  escaped."  § 

Alimit  this  time,  some  English  found  n  single  Indian,  an  old  man,  near 
Qiialiang,  wiiom  ihey  captured.  As  he  would  not  give  them  any  information 
rpsp'ctiiig  his  countrymen,  or,  perhajis,  such  as  they  d»'sired,  they  pro- 
noiiiind  iiim  worthy  of  death  ;  so  "  they  laid  hini  down,  Cornelius,  the  Dutch- 
man, lilting  up  his  sword  to  cut  off  his  head,  the  Indian  lilted  uj)  his  hand  be- 
!  tAveen,  so  that  his  hand  was  first  cut  off,  and  partly  his  head,  and  the  second 
I  blow  finished  the  execution."  11 


*  Hutchinson's  Hist.  Mass.  I,  2!)3 — ♦.  n. 

t  Ihbhard,  Nar.SC,  37.— Chronicle,  ^.—Hotjt,  102,  103. 

t  Manu,script  documents. 

j  Clironicle,  2d.  ||  Manuscript  in  libraiy  of  Mass.  Hist.  Soc. 


til  :.| 


rAi  V„,|.Vrt 

K't"  i  V  :*' 


U'V- 


PHTLIP— LOTHROP  CUT  OFF. 


[Hook  Hi, 


IKE 


It  was  about  tliis  time,  as  tlio  author  of  tin;  "  Prksk.nt  State  "  rolatcs,  t||« 
"Kill;.'  /^/((V/yj,  now  lK!<.Miiiiiii<r  to  want  iiioiicy,  liaviii<r  a  coat  mad,  all  of 
waiii|)am|U'a^',  (i.  e.  iiidiaii  mo.;-),)  cuts  his  coat  to  jiicccs  and  di>iii|jiit,.^  jt 
jdciititidiy  anion;.'  tiic  Nipmoo^r  sachems  and  otliers,  as  well  as  to  tlic  cijt. 
ward  as  soiitliward,  and  all  round  about."* 

On  th.'  18  Sojit.  ("a|tfain  Lothrop,  ot"  Beverly,  was  sent  ironi  lladlcy  witJi 
about  H8  men,  to  bi-inir  away  the  corn,  frraiii,  and  other  \aliiahlc  aitirlcii 
from  Dcerfield.     llaviii;>'  loaded  their  teams  and   commenced  tiieir  iiiarcii 
homeward,  they  were  attacked  at  a  place  called  SusrarlunJ'  HilL  where  iilii,i„t 
cv«'ry  man  was  slain.     This  comiiany  consisted  of  "choice;  yonii^i-  incn,  t),,, 
very  Hower  of  Essex  county,  '  none  of  wlioiii  were  ashamed  to  speak  uitii  tli(> 
enemy  in  the  jrate."'t     lji,!,dit«,'en  of  the  men  helon^rinl  to  J)eerlield.J    (^';,.,. 
tain  Ainsrii/,  iieing  not  far  otij  n|)oii  a  scout,  was  drawn  to  the  scene  ot'jictiun 
by  the  report  of  the  guns,  an<l,  having  with  him  70  men,  charged  the  liidii.n^ 
with  great  resolution,  although  he  comjinted  their  numliers  at   ICUi.    jjf 
had  two  of  his  men  killed  and  eleven  wounded.     The  Indians  dareil  Jiim  („ 
begin  the  fight,  and  cxultingly  said  to  him,  "  Come,  JMoseli/,  conic,  ijdu  ,-,(i!;  /,. 
didjis,  i/oii  want  Indians;  here  is  Indians  enou^^h  J'oi'  ifnu."§     On  this  occii.-jou 
the  conduct  oi'Mosely^s  lieutenants,  Savas^e  and  Pickering,  are  meniioiKil  jj 
high  terms  of  j)ra!se,  "as  deserving  no  little  part  of  the  honor  of  tiiat  il,ir> 
service."     Ai'ter  continuing  a  fight  with  them,  from  eleven   o' cluck  iimj| 
almost  night,  he  was  obliged  to  retreat.  ||     The  Indians  cut  open  the  l)ii;;>„i 
wheat  and  the  feather-beds,  and  scattered  their  contents  to   die  wiii(|>. 
After  Mosebj  had  commenced  a  retreat,  Major  Treat,  with  100  I'.ngljsli  jiy 
60  Mohegans,  came  to  his  assistance.    Their  united  liirces  obliged  the  liuliim. 
to  r(  treat  in  tlicir  turn.H     The  Indians  were  said  to  have  lost,  in  tiie  vmiuii. 
encounters,  (Hi  men.     It  was  a  great  oversight,  that  Captain  Lolhrop  ^liinilij 
have'  suffered  his  men  to  stroll   about,  while  i)assiiig  a  dangerous  (Inil, 
"Many  of  the  soldiers  having  been  so  foolish  and  secure,  as  to  put  their  hih;, 
in  the  carts,  and   step  aside  to  gather  grapes,  which  jirovcd  dear  and  tldnih 

f  rapes  to  them."**  The  same  author  observes,  "This  was  a  black  iiikI  li.ia, 
ay,  wherein  there  were  eight  i)ersons  made  widows,  and  six-aiid-twciiiv 
children  made  ftitherless,  all  in  one  little  plantation  and  in  one  day ;  auJi 
above  sixty  persons  buried  in  one  dreadfiil  grave  !" 

The  place  of  this  fight  and  ambush  is  in  the  southerly  l)art  of  Deeiticid,  on 
which  is  now  the  vilhige  called  IJloody  Brook,  so  named  from  this  iiu  mord- 
ble  tragedy.  A  brook  which  i)asses  through  the  village  is  crossed  liviLf 
road  not  iiir  from  the  centre  of  it,  and  it  was  at  the  point  of  crossing  tiiat  it 
ha|)iieiied.  ft 

Until  this  |)eriod  the  Indians  near  Springfie'd  remained  friendly,  ami  re- 
fused the  solicitations  of  PA?7jj[>,  to  undertake  in  his  cause.  Ihit,  now  ik 
Northfield  and  Deerfield  had  liillen  into  his  hands,  they  were  watched  closti 
by  the  wh-tes,  whose  cause  these  great  successes  of  Philip  had  oct  asidiieil 
them  to  look  upon  as  rather  precarious.  They  therefore,  aoont  40  in  iiiiiiiWr. 
on  the  night  of  the  4  Oct.,  admitted  about  800  oi'  Philip's  men  into  tiidr  Ion. 
which  was  situated  at  a  place  called  Longhill,  about  a  mile  below  tiic  vilhiffi 
of  Springfield,  and  a  jjlan  was  concerted  for  the  destruction  of  that  |iliice. 
But,  as  in  many  cases  afterwards,  one  of  their  number  betrayed  them.  Toro:: 

*  Old  hid.  Clironir.lo.     If  this  were  the  case,  I'liilij)  must  have  had  an  immnise  lii^'  roal- 
yca,  even  hisii^er  tliaii  Dr.  Johnson's  frrcnt  coal,  as  repri'scntcd  liy  lioxirell ;  llic  .'•iilp  purkeB  I 
of  wliidi.  he  said,  weri!  large  enough  each  to  contain  one  of  the  huge  volumes  ol  his  lols  I 
dictionary  ! 

t  Jliili'hard's  Narrative,  38.  |  These  were  the  teamsters, 

6  !\lai:us(ri()l  lellcr.  writleii  at  the  time. 

11      v.'!:'.'!-"";'-::;,  ..i'lej  liaviiifr  killed  several  of  the  Indians,  he  was  forced  to  re' real,  and  ooi:' 
tinued  tigliling  lor  all  llie  lime  llial  he  and  his  men  were  relrealiii"   nine  miles,     {"a|il.  .'/"i 
iosl  oMi  of    his  com|)iiny   !).   and   13  wounded." — Oln.   hid.   Cliron.    2[).      Tlii.i  aiilliur  iif  | 
blended  llie  two  accounls  oi'  lii'cis  and  /.otlirop  logelher,  and  relates  iheiii  as  one. 

If  /.  Mather's  History  of  the  War.  12.  **  Ihid. 

ft  l.asl  year.  (l)).i.j),ii  splendid  celeliralion  was  held  nl  Hl.ooDv  Brook,  vi  conimcinoni 
of  the  event,  and  an  oralion  was  proiKiunced  by  our  l'rinc(!  of  Orators,  the  prcseal  govern:; 
of  this  eonimonwealih.  His  Ivxrellency  EuwAUD  EvKKLTT,  LL.  D. 

:f|  Hnbhard. — Top,  Hutchinson. 


[Book  \\i 

\TK"rcl!itcs,tliat 
(lilt.  11  mil.  lill  of 
iiid    (li>tiiliui(\^  it 

■11  ilS  t"  till'    ('list- 

IVom  lliitllcy  with 
viiliialilc  articb, 
icctl   llii'ir  iiiiin-li 
HilL  wlicn'  iilii.i)>t 
o  youiii:  iMcii,  ihf. 
t<)  sjiciik  Willi  ilio 
DctTiifid.t    Clli;. 
ho  scciii'  (il'i'.ctiiiii 
liirjri'tl  the  liiilii.iis 
hers  iit    1U,(1.    lie 
liiiiis  tliircil  liliu  tn 
,  come,  yim  ml;  In- 

On  thlH    OC('ii>inl; 

are  lufiiiidiinl  ii, 
liouor  of  tliiit  iliii'c 
ovfii  o'  clock  lii.iil 
It  open  tlic  liiijiMii 
iits  to  ilic  wind?., 
th  100  Ku^'iisii  iMiii 

obliixed  the  Imliiin- 
i  lost,  ill  the  viuioii. 
tain  Lolhrop  ^Imiilil 
a  daiifrcrous  tlnil. 
,  as  to  j)ut  tiicii'iirifc 
\'vA  dci'.r  and  cliiiilK 
van  ii  l>l!ick  iiMcl  liiiai 

and  six-aiid-twi'iiiy 
Ind  in  om.'  day ;  iiuil 

lart  of  Dccrfidd,  oii 
d  from  this  iii»  iiwni- 
;o  is  crossed  liyilit 
it  of  crossiii;:  timl  i; 

,ed  friendly,  ami  re- 

mse.     But,  now  \h\ 

were  watched  c1(im! 

Up  had  occiit^uiiifi; 

abont  40  in  munlKr, 

men  into  tluir  iWi, 

lile  below  tlic  vite 

ction  of  that  plim, 

rayed  them.  Toro:. 

il  an  imiiicnso  l.ij;  '"f-  1 
osireil :  llie  ^>''''  l""''^"- 
ugc  volunios  ol  lib  li-i.* 

re  the  leamstcrs, 

,rcc<nor.''rcal,amU«. 
im-  miles,     Cniii.."-': 
o(j.      Tlin  aullwt  lit;  1 
iheiii  as  0111'. 

|«ooK,Vicomnieiiin"' 
Ls,  ihc  present  goveiD:. 


CH*!*- 


II] 


PHILIP.— SURPRISE  OF  HATFIELD. 


33 


I  (liaii  at  Windsor,  revealed  the  plot,  and  the  people  of  Springfield  lind 
"■"  Miiilv  to  escape  into  their  garrisons.  Tiie  whole  force  of  the  Indiana 
'"'"  .  like  a  torrent  upon  the  place  the  next  day,  and  burnt  the  deserted 
?"^^\'-i  and  barns,  in  all  57  buildings.     In  this  business,  liowever,  some  of 

ir  nuniber  were  killed  *  by  the  people  in  the  garrisons ;  but  it  is  not  known 
l'!v  many.    They  would  have  succeeded  against  the  lives  of  the  English  aa 

II  as  a"aiiist  their  property,  had  not  a  force  arrived  about  the  same  time 

for  tiicir  relict.  ... 

\iiiinated  by  bis  successes,  Phihp  aimed  his  next  blow  at  the  head-quar- 
rs  ( f  the  whites  in  this  region.  With  7  or  SOO  of  his  men  he  fell  upon 
llHttii'ld  on  the  19  Oct.,  which,  had  it  not  been  well  provided  with  men,  would 
1  ave  shared  the  fate  of  Springfield ;  but  Captain  Mosely  and  Captain  Poole, 
\vitli  tiieir  companies,  were  in  the  place,  and  Captain  Samuel  Jippkton  was  at 
Hadiev  on  the  opjiosite  side  of  the  river;  and  against  such  commanders  they 
(•mild  liardly  have  expected  success.  However,  they  made  a  bold  attempt 
nil  all  sides  at  once  ;  but  their  greatest  force  fell  on  the  point  where  Captain 
)\j,Mon  commanded.  His  sergeant  was  mortally  wounded  by  his  side,  and 
almllet  passed  through  the  liair  of  his  own  bead;  "by  that  whisper  telling 
hiiii"  savs  Hubbard,  "that  death  was  very  near,  but  did  him  no  other  harm. 
Nii'iit  corning  on,  it  could  not  be  discerned  what  loss  the  enemy  sustained; 
(iirers  were  seen  to  fall,  some  run  through  a  small  river,  [now  called  Mill 
jfiVer.l  others  cast  the' ;  guns  into  the  water,  (it  being  their  mannifr  to  ven- 
ture as  much  to  recover  the  dead  bodies  of  their  friends,  as  to  defend  them 
viien  alive.)"  And  thus  they  were  driven  from  the  jjlace,  after  killing  but 
tiirce  and  wounding  10  of  the  whites,  and  burning  a  small  number  of 
buii(liii''s.  They  had,  before  their  attack  on  the  town,  killed  three  belonging 
to  sotiic  scouts,  and  seven  others  of  Captain  Mosely's  men.  This  was  among 
their  last  important  eflTorts  on  the  Connecticut  River  before  retiring  to  the 
coa.itrv  of  the  Narragansets. 

The  Nipmuck  sachems  had  well  contrived  their  attack  on  Hatfield  ;  having 

made  fires  in  the  woods  about  seven  miles  from  it,  to  draw  out  the  soldiers, 

for  wlioni  they  had  prepared  ambushes ;  but  only  ten  of  MoseWs  men  were 

seat  oat  to  learn  the  cause  of  tlie  fires.    These  were  all  cut  off  except  one, 

arcordiiig  to  the  Chronicle,  but  according  to  Hubbard,  seven  only  were 

killed.    The  Indians  probably  supposed  the  main  body  was  cut  off,  and 

tlierefore  proceeded  directly  to  the  assault  of  the  town,  where  a  new  force 

had  jast  arrived ;  and  hence  they  met  with  a  brave  resistance  and  final  defeat.f 

The  Narragansets  had  not  yet  heartily  engaged  in  the  war,  though  there  is 

no  doubt  but  they  stood  pledged  so  to  do.    Therefore,  having  done  all  that 

,  could  be  expected  upon  the  western  frontier  of  Massachusetts,  and  conclu- 

,;  diair  that  his  presence  among  his  allies,  the  Narragansets,  was  necessary  to 

|:  ktei)  them  from  abandoning  his  cause,  Philip  was  next  known  to  be  in  their 

'\  coiuitry. 

Aa  army  of  loOO  English  was  raised  by  the  three  colonies,  Massachusetts, 

Pliaioiitli,  and  Connecticut,  for  the  purpose  of  breaking  down  the  power  of 

i  Philip  among  the  Narragansets.     They  determined  upon  this  course,  as  they 

',  had  been  assured  that,  the  ncrt  spring,  that  nation  would  come  with  all  their 

^  foice  upon  them.    It  was  not  known  that  Philip  was  among  them  when  this 

I  resolution  was  taken,  and  it  was  but  a  rumor  that  they  had  tukcu  jiart  with 

I  hini.   Itvvas  true,  thut  they  had  ])roinised  to  deliver  up  all  the  Wampanoags, 

iwlio  should  flee  to  ihem,  either  alive  or  dead  ;  but  it  is  also  true,  that  those 

;  who  made  this.  nrr;;nise,  liad  it  not  in  their  ])ower  to  do  it ;  being  ])ersons, 

!  chii  fly  in  subordinate  stations,  who  had  no  right  or  authority  to  bind  any  but 

tlii'iiiselves.     And,  thei'efore,  as  doubtless  was  forese'ni  by  many,  none  of 

I  Philip's  i)eople  were  delivered  up,  although  many  were  known  to  have  been 

laii.imjr  tlieni.    Thus,  in  few  words,  have  we  exhibited  the  main  grounds  of 

sti.'  mighty  expedition  against  the  Narragansets  in  the  winter  of  1G75. 

*  A  pcwicr  platter  is  still  exhibited  in  Springfield  with  a  hole  through  the  middle  of  it,  made 
|bv  a  liull  I'roiii  ilie  garrison  at  this  time.     An  hidian  had  taken  it  tiom   one  of  llic  deserted 

;  .  iiiiil  wire  it  licfore  liui  breasi  as  a  shield.  Thus  sliielded,  he  ventured  towards  llw 
;gair  n;  and  was  shot.     Hoyt,  \  10. 

t  Ulu  Indian  Chronicle,  36, 37. 


mm 


34 


PHILIP.— NARRAGANSET  SWAMP  FIGHT. 


[Book  Hi 


I 


Upon  a  .iiiiall  iHlaiid,  in  an  immense  swamp,  in  Sonth  Kinfrston,  IJlimi, 
Island,  Philip  had  (orflHcd  liimscltl  in  a  niannt-r  superior  to  wiiat  was  k,,,,. 
nion  amoHfr  liis  eonntrvinen.  Here  lie  intended  to  pass  tlie  winter,  with  \C 
chief  ol"  his  friends.  They  hud  erected  ahont  MO  wigwams  of  n  sii|,(.riiir 
construction,  in  which  was  deposited  a  great  store  of  provisions.  l{;i>k:|, 
and  tidjs  of  corn*  were  piled  one  uj)on  another,  about  the  inside  cil' il,,,,, 
whicii  rendered  them  hnllet  ])ro()f  It  was  8upi)osed  that  about  ^000  |i('rs(/i|. 
had  here  taken  nj)  their  rcisidence. 

But,  to  be  more  jiuiticular  upon  the  situation  of  "the  scene  of  the  (lisiii,r 
tion  of  the  Narraf,'ansets,"  we  will  add  as  follows  from  the  notes  of  a  ^ii,. 
tlenian  lately  upon  the  sjiot,  for  the  express  ])urpose  of  jrainiufj  intinuiiitiui, 
"What  was  calh;d  The  Island  is  now  an  upland  meadow,  a  lliw  feet  lijiflu., 
than  the  low  m<;adow  with  which  it  is  surrounded.  The  island,  by  nn  oii. 
mate,  contains  liom  threi;  to  four  acres.  One  lourth  of  a  mile  west,  is  t!, 
Usc|ue]»auf;;  a  .small  stream  also  at  a  short  distance  on  the  east."  Tin;  ci,,. 
brated  island  on  which  the  fort  was  built  is  now  in  the  farm  of  J.  G.  (W. 
Es(|.  a  descendant  of  John  Clark,  of  R.  I,  and  about  80  rods  west  of  tlnlji,, 
of  tlie  "  Petty.swamscot  I'nrchase."  Wati-r  still  surrounds  it  in  wet  sriiji,;,^ 
It  was  cleared  by  the  fiitherof  the  present  possessor  about  1780,  and,  altlmii;! 
improved  ii"om  that  time  to  the  present,  charred  corn  and  Indian  iniplciinni. 
are  yet  ])]oufrhed  up.f 

President  Stiles,  in  his  edition  of  Church's  History  of  Philip's  War. 
states  that  the  Narraganset  fort  is  seven  miles  nearly  due  west  Cniiii  i,f 
South  Ferry.  This  afrnu-s  with  data  liu-nished  by  Mr.  Eh/,  in  statiiiL'  ii,K 
returning  march  of  the  English  army.  Pine  and  cedar  were  said  tii  Ii,n, 
been  the  former  growth.}:  An  oak  .'500  years  old,  standing  upon  tlie  islniii, 
was  cut  down  in  1782,  two  li-et  in  dianuiter,  11  feet  from  the  ground.  Fion: 
another,  a  bullet  was  cut  out,  surrounded  by  about  100  annuli,  at  tin;  simr 
time.  The  bullet  was  lodged  there,  no  doubt,  at  the  time  of  the  ii^'lit.  \\t 
will  now  return  to  our  narrative  of  the  expedition  to  this  place  in  Decem. 
her,  1(575. 

After  nearly  a  month  from  their  setting  out,  the  English  army  arm od  is 
the  iNarraganset  country,  and  made  their  liead-quarters  about  18  niilis  tlnni 
Philip's  fort.  They  had  been  so  long  upon  their  march,  that  the  liidim,, 
were  well  enough  a|)|triz»!d  of  their  approach,  and  had  made  the  lust  ar- 
rangements in  tlieir  power  to  withstand  them.  The  army  had  alrnuh  suf- 
fered much  from  the  s(!verity  of  th(!  season,  being  obliged  to  encain|)  in  the 
open  field,  and  without  tents  to  cover  them ! 

The  19th  of  IJecenil)(!r,  MuTy,  is  a  memorable  day  in  the  annuls  of  Now 
England.  Cold,  in  the  extreme, — the  air  filled  with  snow.— the  Kiii;li>l. 
were  obliged,  from  the  low  state  of  their  i)rovisions,  to  march  to  iittml; 
Philip  in  his  fort.  Treachery  hastened  his  ruin.  One  of  his  ineii,  In  Iki* 
of  reward,  betrajed  his  country  into  their  hands.  This  man  had,  |in)lm!iiy, 
lived  among  the  Englisii,  as  he  had  an  English  name.  He  was  called  P(/(r. 
and  it  wa.s  by  acci<lent  that  himself,  with  thirty-five  others,  had  just  \wi»v. 
fallen  into  the  hands  of  the  fortunate  Captain  Mosvly.  No  Englisliiiiaii  \vii> 
acquainted  with  the  situation  of  Philip's  fort ;  and,"  but  for  their  |)ilnt,  Pdd 
there  is  very  little  proltability  that  they  could  have  even  found,  iiiucli  li>> 
eftected  any  thing  against  it.  l'\>r  it  was  one  o'clock  on  that  short  diiydl 
the  year,  betbre  they  arrived  withir;  the  vicinity  of  the  swamp.  Tlitiv  h;;s 
but  one  jmint  where  it  could  be  assailed  with  the  least  ])robal)ility  ot'siir- 
cess ;  and  this  was  fortified  by  a  kind  of  block-house,  directly  \\:  tioiit  nt 
the  entrance,  and  liad  also  Hankers  to  cover  a  cross  fire.  Besides  liijrii  |kiI- 
isades,  an  immense  hedge  of  fidlen  trees,  of  nearly  a  rod   in  tliii  kii(':-». 

*  500  biislicis,  says  Dr.  1.  Mather.  Hollow  trees,  out  oil'  about  llie  Icas'lh  of  a  liarrcl,  «ert 
used  hv  the  Iiidii'iis  for  tubs.     In  such  lliey  scriired  llicir  corn  and  oilier  grains. 

t  M.'*<.  comnuuiicalion  of  Hevercrid  Mr.  Ehj,  accompanied  by  a  flrawinj;  of  the  i^linul.  ii^ 
shape  is  very  similar  to  'ho  shell  of  an  oyster.  Average  rectangular  lines  tlirou'iii  il  iiKcWirt 
one  .'55  rods,  another  ,0. 

I  Holmes's  Annals,  i.  3711. 

^  The  name  of  Peter  among  the  Indians  was  so  rommon,  that  il  is  perhaps  past  cloicniiii* 
tiou  who  this  cue  was.    Mr.  llubbard  calls  him  a  fugitive  from  liie  Narrugansets. 


[Book  III 

Ciiijistoii,  Uli,,,], 
what  was  ((in.. 
winter,  witii  t|,, 
lis  of  a  supcrihr 
'isioiis.  Haskii. 
inside  of  tlniu. 
out  iJOOO  person. 

le  of  the  (Icstnir. 
J  notes  of  ii  L'l'ii- 
iiiiifj  inl'oniiiitiiiii. 
:i  lew  i'eet  JiiL'lirt 
ihiiul,  hy  my  on. 
iiiiU,'  west,  is  ill 

cast;;  Til.,  ci. 

ill  ot"  J.  G.  Onri 
s  west  of  tlic  lliii; 
it  in  wet  srasfi:,., 
780,  aii(l,iiltliiin;i; 
iidiaii  iinpleuieiii- 

>F  Philif's  War, 
ue  west  fniiii  \\,t 
Ely,  in  stiitiiiL'  liir 

were  said  tn  liint 
ir  ujion  the  ishin.l. 
he  frnmnd.  I'm!!! 
annidi,  at  tlie  siimr 

of  the  lijrlit,  W- 
18  place  ill  Deriiii- 

sh  army  arrivf d  in 
loiit  18  iiiilcs  I'm::! 
1,  tliat  tlie  liidiiii,! 
made  tlie  lii'st  ;\r- 
y  had  alread)  siif- 
to  encamp  in  tlie 

Itho  annals  of  Nmv 
low.— the  Kni'liA 
lo  march  to  iitiar',. 
Ills  iiu'ii,  In  W 
tuaii  had,  proimiily, 
e  was  called  Pdu. 
jrs,  had  jiift  l"'l''«' 
EnfilisliiiKiii  wa- 
[ir  their  jiilot,  Alir. 
1  found,  iimch  y^ 
that  slioi't  iliij  "f 
ami).     Tlieiv«;.> 
kirobahility  of  sw- 
lirectlv  ii'-  li'ont "' 
Besides  lii^'li  I'l''- 
rod   ill  tlii('km'» 


,11  PHILIP— NARRAGANSET  SWAMP   FIOHT. 

Chap  "J 

uiirroiindrd  it,  ciicoinpassinj:  an  area  of  about  five  acres 


Iciigili  of  al)ami,«':K  1 
i>r  grains. 
Iviii"  ol'  ill'"  '"''""'■   '" 
Iios'lliroui'li  it  iiiwjurt 


Icrliaps  past  (Iclcnni:* 
Iragaiisols. 


35 

notwcen  tlie 
[•' "i"  iiiid  the  iiiiiin  land  was  a  body  of  water,  over  wiiich  a  jrreat  tree  \nul 
Til  felled,  on  which  all  iiuist  pass  and  repass,  to  and  ;roni  it.  On  coniini^ 
t"("tlii-i  place,  tlic  linfrlish  soldiers,  as  many  as  could  i)ass  upon  the  tree, 
\vliicli  would  not  admit  two  abreast,  rushed  forward  upon  it,  but  were  swept 
\f  ill  a  Mionient  by  the  lire  of  Philip's  men.  Still,  the  Knirlish  soldiers,  led 
!  ,l„,„.  captains,  su|)|)li('d  tin;  places  of  the  slain.  IJiit  ajjain  and  ajiain 
•  |.,,  ,|„,y  swept  Irom  the  fatal  avenue.  Six  cajitains  and  a  jrreat  many  men 
I    1  (•;ii|(.|i,and  a  jiartial,  but  moiiuuitary,  n'coil  from  the  face  of  death  took  place. 

Mcaiiwliilc,  a  handful,  under  the  (iirtimate  jMospIi),  had,  as  miraculous  as 

.   u|,,y  seem,  sTot  within  the  fort.     These  wen^  contendin<r  lumd  to  hand 

willi  till!  Indians,  and  at  fearful   odds,  when   the  cry  of  "  Tliei/  run  !  tkey 

'"hroiight  10  their  assistance  a  considerable  body  of  their  fellow-soidiers. 

T|ii  V  were  now  enabled  to  drive  the  Indians  from  their  main  breastwork, 

I'llnii-  slaiiirliter  becaiiK^  immense.  Flyinij  from  wigwam  to  wigwam — 
i,|,.ii  wdMieii  and  ciiildren,  indiscriminately,  wen;  hewn  down,  and  lay  in 
heaps  tiiKiii  the  snow.  Being  now  masters  of  the  fort,  at  the  rccommenda- 
tidii  of  .Mr.  Church,  w  ho  led  tlu;  second  jiarty  that  entered  the  fort,  General 
H'inslow  was  about  to  (piarter  the  army  in  it  for  the  |>resciit,  which  otlered 
roiiifoi'tahlc  habitations  to  tlie  sick  and  wounded,  besides  a  jilentifiil  supply 
of  provisions.  But  oiif"  of  the  captains  *  and  a  surgeon  o|)posed  the  meas- 
ure: proliably  fi'oni  the  ap|)reliension  that  the  woods  was  full  of  Indians, 
wlio  would  loMtiniie  their  attacks  upon  tliem,  and  drive  them  out  in  their 
ttiiii.  There  was,  doubtless,  sonii!  reason  for  this,  which  was  strengthened 
fruiu  the  tlict  that  many  English  were  killed  ailer  they  had  possessed 
tlieiiisi'lves  of  the  Ibrt,  Ity  those  wlioin  they  had  just  disjiossessed  of  it. 
Xdtwitlistaiiding,  had  Chiurh\>i  advice  been  lidlowed,  perhaps  many  of  the 
lives  of  the  wounded  would  liavi;  been  saved  ;  for  he  was  seldom  out  in  his 
iiiili!iMeiit,  as  his  coiitiimi'd  siiec;  sses  proved  afterwards. 

Ath'r  lighting  three  hours,  tin;  English  were  obliged  to  march  18  miles, 
before  the  wounded  could  b:'  dressed,  and  in  a  most  dismal  and  boisterous 
iiicriit.  I'iighty  Kngli.sh  were  killed  in  the  light,  and  1.10  wounded,  many  of 
wiioiii  (lied  allerwards.  The  shatteivd  army  left  thi;  ground  in  considerable 
li,i>te.  leaving  eight  of  their  dead  in  the  fort. 

/'/ii7(//,  and  such  of  his  warriors  as  escajied  unhurt,  fled  into  a  place  of 
f[\W\\,  until  the  eiii'iiiy  had  retired  ;  when  they  returned  again  to  the  fort 
The  Kiiglisli,  no  doubt,  ujipribeiuh'd  a  pursuit,  but  Philip,  not  knowing 
their  (listiessed  situation,  and,  perhaps,  judging  of  their  loss  from  the  few 
dciil  which  they  left  liehind,  made  no  attempt  to  harass  them  in  their 
niirat.  Hefore  the  light  was  over,  ui.iny  of  the  wigwams, were  set  on  lire. 
liiio  these,  litiiidriHls  ol"  innocent  women  and  children  had  crowded  tliem- 
si  i\i's,  and  jierished  in  the  general  conllagiation  !  And,  as  a  writ(M"  of  that 
d  \  e.vnresscs  himself,  "no  man  kiioweth  how  many."  The  English  learned 
.rierwards,  from  sonic  that  fell  into  their  hanils,  that  in  all  about  700 
[lerislied.f 

The  suffi'rings  of  the  English,  filler  the  fight,  are  almost  without  a  par- 
«Hi  1  ill  history.  The  horrors  of  Moscow  will  not  longer  be  remembered. 
The  myriads  of  modern  Europe,  assembled  there,  bear  but  small  projior- 

■  ['roliahly  Mosely,  who  liceins  always  lo  have  had  a  large  share  in  the  direction  of  all  af- 
Efair>  »lieii  prosciil. 

•  There  is  printed  in  Hntchimon^s  Hist.  Mass.  1.  300.  a  letter  whicii  gives  the  particulars  of 
Itlir  N'iirra^-aiisot  figlit.  1  have  com|)ared  il  willi  the  oriffinai,  and  liiiil  it  corrert  in  the  main 
iparliiulars.  Ho  mistakes  in  ascridiiiu  it  to  3hijor  Uradjonl,  for  it  is  signed  by  .laiws  Oliver, 
joiK'iif  ihu  Plimoutii  captains.  Hiildiinsoii  copied  from  a  copy,  which  was  wiilioia  siniialiire. 
llii'  iiinits  a  passage  coiiccrnliig  Ti/t.  or  /"///<■,  who,  Oliver  says,  confirined  his  narrative, 
jTiial  mini  had  "  married  an  Inilinii.  a  Wompanoag — and,  says  Oliver,  lie  shot  'JO  times  at  us 
tin  ihi' »wiiiiip— was  taken  at  Providence,  [hy  Captain  Fe7wer,]  Jan.  Itth — liroiiglit  lo  iis  the 
III  ill— ixecuted  the  IfUii ;  a  sad  wreteli.  lie  never  heard  a  sermon  hut  once  this  1  !•  year-' ;  he 
llii'wr  heard  of  the  namo  of  Jesus  Christ.     His  falhor  going  lo  recall  !<iin,  lost  his  head,  and 

'  iiiilmriiMJ."  IliihbarU  says,  (Narrative,  .")il,)  that  "he  was  condemned  lo  die  the  deaih  of 
fairailiir,"  and  traitors  of  those  days  were  iniartered.     "'As  lo  his  religion,  he  was  iiiiui<l  a.s 

Mill  as  ail  heathen,  which,  no  doubt,  caused  liie  fewer  tears  lo  be  shed  ai  his  fuiural." 
!  X  Mjrrowi'ul  record ! 


iJt 


^m 


%i 


mm 


36 


PHILIP. 


[t'lioK  in 


>  "ii'ni 


f 

lis. 


itfH.  r-; 


Hon  to  th (5  iiumhpr  cl"  their  countrymen,  com |mrc(I  witii  iliat  (if  tlin  arim 
of  Now  l''ii<il;iii(l  and  tluirs,  at  tiic  tifrlit  in  i\i!rra;;anN('i. 

Colonnl  Church,  tlion  v.\\\\  a  volinitcer,  was  in  this  li;:iii,  Jii.i!  ui-  wilj  1,,,,,^ 
a  liiw  of  his  ol)servati()iis.  "  liy  tiiis  time,  the  Enjilish  people  in  tlie  fort  Im,] 
bej^nn  to  set  lire  to  llie  wiifwiinis  and  house;',  w'lieli  Mr.  Church  \ii\)itj,.^\ 
hard  to  pr(!veiit;  th(;y  told  him  tiicy  liad  orders  from  the  j.(.';i(:nii  \u\n\^ 
them;  lie  he<f<fed  liiem  to  iitrh.'ar  mitii  lie  iiad  discoiirs'.  d  the  si'iicra)," 
Then,  hasteiniij,' to  him,  iic  ur^aid,  that  "tiii;  wi^'wams  were  muskct-pn,,,,' 
being  all  lined  witii  l)aslvets  and  U\\)<  of  grain,  and  oilier  jirovisioiiH,  mhjj^ 
cient  to  siipjily  tlie  wiiole  army  imlil  the  s|iring  of  the;  yi'ar;  and  even 
wounded  man  might  have  a  good  warm  lionsi!  to  lodge  in ;  which,  mli,.,.'. 
wises  would  necessarily  ptnish  witii  the  storms  and  cold.  And.  i;"ji('i)v,.f 
that  the  army  had  no  other  jirovision  to  trust  unto  or  depend  upon ;  tliiii  u^ 
knew  that  I'lymouth  Ibrces  hud  not  so  much  as  one  biscuit  leil."  Tlic  j/en 
eral  was  tor  acceding  to  ChurcKs  i)ro|)osition,  but  a  cujitain  and  a  dcciot 
prevented  it,  as  we  have  bi.'fore  observed ;  the  former  threatening  to  sIkkj; 
tlie  general's  horse  under  him,  if  he  attempted  to  march  in,  and  the  laiipr 
said,  Church  should  bleed  to  death  like  a  dog,  (he  having  been  badly  \voii:i(le,i 
on  entering  the  Ibrt,)  before  he  would  dress  his  wounds,  if  he  gave  siiot 
advice.  CAurc/i  then  proceeds :  "  And,  burnhig  u|)  all  the  houses  und  iir,,. 
visions  in  the  fort,  the  army  returned  the  same  night  in  the  storm  aad  cold 
And,  I  suppose,  every  one  that  is  accjuaiuted  with  the  circumstances  of  liu- 
night's  mardi,  deeply  laments  the  miseries  that  attended  them ;  especiallv 
the  wounded  and  dying  men.  But  it  mercifully  came  to  pass  that  (.'ap^ 
Andrew  Belcher  arrived  at  Mr.  Smith's,  [in  Narraganset,]  that  very  niitlit  frun. 
Boston,  with  a  vessel  loaden  with  provisions  for  the  army,  who  must  other- 
wise have  perished  for  want."  * 

Alter  the  English  army  had  gone  into  quarters  at  Wickford,  the  Coiiiit'cticii: 
trooj)s  returned  home,  which  was  considered  very  detrimental  to  the  servit 
by  the  otiier  colonies ;  and  soon  after  a  reinforcement  of  1000  men  was  n- 
sembled  at  Boston  and  ordered  to  the  assistance  of  their  countrymen,  k 
their  march  to  Narraganset  in  the  beginning  of  Jan.  167G,  they  suffered  iinui. 
erably  from  t!ie  cold;  no  less  than  11  men  were  frozen  to  death,  and  maw 
others  wen;  taken  sick  by  reason  of  their  exposure  in  that  severe  season. 

Meanwhile  the  Lulians  had  sent  deputies  to  the  connnander-in-chieftotra 
of  peace;  but  it  was  judged  that  they  were  insincere  in  their  overtures,  lunhn 
terms  were  settled.  While  mattei-s  were  thus  progressing,  Philip  reiiiovwl  ins 
provisions,  women  and  children  to  a  strong  place  protected  by  roeb,  in  i 
swamp,  about  20  miles  from  the  late  battle-ground  in  Narraganset,  iiiiD 
the  country  of  the  Nipmuks.  At  length,  the  weather  having  become  niilii,aiiii 
the  Connecticut  Ibrces  returned,  together  with  a  body  of  Mohegans  ihkW 
Uncos,  it  was  resolved  to  sii prise  Philip  in  his  rocky  fortress.  Aecoidinjlj 
tlie  army,  consisting  now  of  IGOO  men,  marched  out  on  this  enterprise.  Ot 
its  a|)proach,  the  Indians  abandoned  their  position  and  fled  farher  nonhwarl 
They  were  pursued  a  small  distance,  and  about  GO  or  70  of  them  killeil  aai  | 
taken,  (probably  women  and  children.)  The  ai'my  soon  after  returned  Imiue, 
and  was  chiefly  disbanded. 

On  27  Jan.,  while  the  army  was  pursuing  the  main  body  of  the  Lidians,  I 
a  party  of  about  300  attacked  Mr.  JVilliam  Ca/yenier's  plantation,  and  atteni|iitii 
to  burn  his  house,  wliich  they  set  on  fire,  but  those  within  succeeded  iiiin 
ting  it  out.    In  the  skirmish,  one  of  their  number  was  killed,  and  two  of  i 
whites  were  wounded.     The  assaulting  party  collected  and  drove  off  frcE  I 
this  place  180  slieej),  50  large  cattle,  and  15  horses,  and  from  a  Mr.  Hum  | 
another  drove  of  cattl",  and  killed  his  regro  servantf 

Soon  after  this,  Philip,  with  many  of  his  Ibllowers,  left  that  part  of  tkf  I 


*  "  Our  winmded  men.  (in  iiiimluT  alioni  \o'h)  \>A[\g  drrssod,  were  sunt  iiilo  liiiodcWid 
as  the  ln'sl   phice   lor  liu'ir  accdiiiiiiochuioii  ;  wlin-e.  iiiTor'linuiv.  liicv   were  kniillv  rectivK 
1)V  llio  !;;<.v{  riior  ;iiiil  oiIkts.  only  siiiik  ciiiuii^li  Qii 
('imi|i   11     I  !  y  III."  <;()Vi'ninr.     ( ll    ><>  in'iiliii.ijH',  | 
A';/'.'  //.v,  ;i,.  iii'l  111  Viiiil'll.-il!o  (  ivii'l  V  li'  I'lc 
wo(i  .lU    11  llii:;f  I'fl'iiro."      ()/i/  i':.il.  (!.'.■  „,...., 

t  Old  Indian  Clirouiclc,  bo,  b'J. — Ilulibu,  d,  i>"J 


•  ir;,ii  I;m 
■  0  .ir,'t',  74. 


inijlv.  liicy   were 

iikers  were  not  I'hm;  to  (,'iikTl:iin  llieniJiJil 

\  Ml  ;iM  I  iiiiUiw  ir;l  11  ill-:|::iMr:oir  aaMU'*[ 

VL'iiturotI  llieir  lives,  and  rt'ceiveddaiigewl 


I 


Chap. 


nil  L I  p.— :.I  KDFIELD   ATTACKED. 


87 


oiintrv  ami  resided  in  (liriTciit  plncos  upon  Connecticut  River.  Some  report 
tlmt  lij'took  n|)  Ids  residence  near  AIImimv,  iuid  tliat  lie  solicited  the  Moliuwks 
to  1  id  liini  against  the  En},'liHh,  but  witiiout  success. 

The  Htory  of  the  foul  .strut<-ij;i  ni  said  to  have  heen  resorted  to  hy  Philip 
for  tins'  ohject,  is,  if  true,  tiie  (Iccpi  st  stain  upon  his  ciiaracttr.  According 
to  (lue  ol"  the  historians  *  oJ'the  war,  it  was  reported  at  JJoston,  in  the  end  ol 
Jiiiic  or  hcginninj,'  of  July,  l(i7(l,  that  "tliose  Indians  wiio  arc  know  <  l>y  the 
^,  of  Ma'Kinawofrs,  (or  xMohawks,  i.  e.  man-eaters,)  liad  lately  iii.  n  upon 
Pliilip,  iiii'l  killed  40  of  his  meii.  And  if  the  variance  hctween  Philip  and 
the  MaiKiiiawogs  came  to  jjass,  as  is  commonly  reported  and  apitrchendcd, 
tlKiv  was  a  marvellous  finger  of  Clod  in  it.  For  we  hear  that  Philip,  being 
tills  winter  entertained  in  the  Mohawks'  country,  tnade  it  ids  d(!sign  to  bn.'tid 
a  iiiiarnl  hctween  the  English  and  them;  to  eflect  which,  divers  of  our 
returned  captives  do  report,  that  he  resolved  to  kill  some  scattering  iMohawks, 
and  tliiu  to  say  that  the  English  had  done  it;  but  one  of  tiicse,  whom  he 
,ji,„i,r|it  to  have  killed,  was  oidy  wounded,  and  got  away  to  his  countrymen, 
„jy,i"r  thcni  to  understand  that  not  the  English,  but  PAi/)'/;,  had  killed  the 
jiiiii  diat  were  murdered ;  so  that,  instead  of  bringing  the  Mohawks  upon 
till'  En'dish,  he  brought  them  upon  himself." 

The  author  of  the  anonymous"  Letters  to  Londo:.  '  lias  this  passage  f 
ciiiiceniing  Philip\i  visit  to  the  Mohawks.  "  King  Philip,  and  some  of  these 
imrtlicrn  Indiana,  being  wandered  up  towards  Albany,  the  Mohucks  man-luul 
oiit  very  strong,  iu  a  warlike  jiosture,  upon  them,  jtutting  them  to  Higlit,  and 
niMsiiing  tlicm  as  far  as  Hassicke  River,  which  is  about  two  days'  march 
Ihmi  the  east  side  of  Hudson's  River  to  the  north-east,  killing  divers,  and 
briML'ing  away  some  prisoners  with  g-eat  ])ride  and  triumph,  which  ill  suc- 
P(ss  (111  that  side,  where  they  did  no*,  exjiect  any  enemy,  having  latidy  en- 
(Iravorod  to  make  up  the  ancient  animosities,  did  very  much  daunt  and  dis- 
coiini^re  the  said  northern  Indians,  so  that  some  hundreds  came  iu  and  sub- 
iiiittcd  tiieiiiselves  to  the  English  at  Plimouth  colony,  and  P/u7i'/>  himself  is 
11111  skulking  away  into  some  swamp,  with  not  above  ten  men  attending  him." 

Althouirh  Philip  was  sui)po.sed  to  be  beyond  the  frontier  by  some,  and  by 
ntlii'is  to  1)0  "snugly  stowed  away  in  some  swamp,"  yet  his  warriors,  whether 
(lincti'd  Ity  iiim  in  jieison  or  not,  is  immaterial,  as  every  thing  was  done 
airuiiist  the  Eiigli.sh  that  could  well  be  under  such  broken  circumstances  as 
li;' MOW  labored.  On  the  10  Feb.  1070,  they  surpri.sed  Liuicaster  with  com- 
plitc  success,  the  particulars  of  which  we  shall  fully  narrate;  in  our  next 
cliaptcr.  Eleven  days  after,  (21  Feb.)  about  300  Lulians  attacked  Mi^dtield, 
mill  in  s|)it(!  of200  soldiers  stationed  there  to  guard  it,  Imrnt  about  jO  houses, 
killi'il  \^  of  its  inhabitants,  and  woumled  20  others.  Among  the  slain  were 
Liiitinaiit  .7/a;,iS  and  his  wife:  the  latter  was  killed  accidentally  by  Cap- 
tain Jacoi.  She  was  in  bed  in  a  chamber,  under  which  was  a  room  occupied 
bv  till'  soldiers  ;  as  Cajitain  Jacob  was  about  to  leave  tin;  house,  his  gun  went 
oh',  ill!'  hall  from  whicli  jia.sscd  through  the  chamber  floor  and  killed  her. 

The  Indians  managed  this  attack  with  their  usual  skill ;  having  plac(>d  some 
of  tiiiir  iiiiiiilier  prepared  with  fire  implements  in  various  parts  of  tin;  town, 
till'}  set  the  liousrs  on  fire,  "  as  it  were,"  says  Major  Gookin,  "  in  one  iii.stant 
oftiiiie."  And  as  the  people  is.sued  out  of  them,  parties  lay  ready  and  shot 
tin'iii  down.  As  soon  as  the;  whites  were  mustered  to  opposr-  them,  they 
irtired  over  the  bi'idge  towards  Sherbin-ne,  and  set  it  on  fire,  so  that  the  sol- 
diers could  not  jiursne  them.  In  the  |)ride  of  their  succcfs,  they  now  wrote 
a  li'ttrr  10  the  whites,  and  stuck  it  up  on  a  jiost  of  the  liridge.     It  reads, 

"  Knnw  hij  this  paper,  thai  the  Indians  that  thou  hast  pmvolicd  to  wrath  and 
nn>(er  will  war  this  21  years  if  you  will.  There  are  many  Indians  yet.  Ji'e  come 
3110  o/  this  time.  Yoii  must  consider  the  Indians  lose  nothinsr  but  their  life.  You 
must  lose  your  fair  houses  and  c(Utle.^^\ 

On  the  13  March,  the  entire  town  of  Crotoii,  consisting  of  I  ^  houses, 
was  Imrnt,  except  one  garrison,§  by  shots  from  which  smcral  Indians  were 
sniil  to  have  been  killed. 

*  Dr.  1.  Ma/her,  Brief  Hist.  38.  t  Clironicin,  >.)!). 

}  (IdoUii's  ,MS.  Hist.  I'rnyiiin;-  Iiidiaii-^.— Tlio  aljove  leltor  was  (ioubllcss  written  hy  some  of 
the  Christian  Indians  who  had  joiiic'l  I'liilip. 
J  111  our  Chronicle,  80,  it  is  said  that  Groton  was  burnt  on  the  14th  ;  that  Majoi  WUlard's 


'1,'*  <^ji 


i   r. 


'M 


h ' 


38 


PHILIP.— SUDBURY  FIGHT. 


[Book  in, 


i 


U,     4,       J 


Philip  Imd  for  somo  liiiio  directed  matters  witli  such  address  tliut  hig 
eiK'iiiies  could  not  tell  \\iiei'(!  or  liow  to  meet  liiiii,  or  wlietlier  lie  iiriimiif 
\v,?ro  ill  tlio  vicinity  of  tiie  froiitiirs  !)r  not.  B'  'lero  can  he  httle  (lidiliinf 
his  .special  jifrcncv  and  direction  in  all  the  ini|..)..ant  eiiter|)ri.x(,'s.  On  t||,,  |, 
Manh,  Xorllianiiiton  wjis  assanlted,  hnt  not  with  (piite  as  ffood  siic('(>,;i< 
was  anticijiatcd  liy  the  hesieffers  ;  for  they  lost  eleven  men,  while  the  wliii,., 
had  hnt  three  Uilicd  and  six  wonnded. 

On  the  'i?  IMarch,  a  lar<r(;  hody  ot"  .'?00  Indians,  as  was  snpjiosed,  wcre 
discovered  encamped  not  fiir  from  .Marll)oron;rli,  which  they  iiad  iiinrit  il,,. 
day  heliire.  A  com|)any  of  men  iMJonirin','  to  that  town,  attached  tliiiiisi.|vK 
to  u  mimher  of  soldiers  under  one  Lieutenant  7(fro&.f,  who,  iidliiiji-  upon  tlnjn 
ill  the  iiij.dit  whih;  they  were  asleep  in  their  wij:v,um.-i,  killed  and  woiiikIiJ 
ahout  10  of  them,  without  any  loss  to  themsrdves. 

The  Indians  seem  to  have  resohed  that  this  in!dnij:;ht  assassination  sIkiiiI,! 
not  no  long  nnre(piited,  and  events  so  determined,  as  what  we  are  iiIkmh  % 
relate  wilj  fully  evemplily.  On  the  nioriiin;^-  of  th(>  W  April,  tiie  l,iiv„>, 
body  of  Indians  which  had  at  any  tini<!  a|»peared,  attacked  Sndliiny,  mil 
l)ei()ro  resistance  could  he  made,  set  tire  to  several  hiiildings,  wliicli  wi^; 
consumed.  The  inhabitants,  however,  maih;  a  brave  stand,  and  were  mk,,, 
joined  by  somo  soldiers  li-oin  Watertown,  under  Captain  Hugh  Mason;  mdJ 
th«!  Indians  retreated  over  the  l)ridj;e,  and  were  prevented  from  doiii;'  .mv 
further  misidiief  dirrinjr  the  day,  against  Sudbury. 

Some  of  the  peoph;  of  ("oncord  hearing  of  the  distress  at  Sudbury,  siilliiil 
forth  for  its  ]trot<  ction.  As  they  approached  a  garrison  house,  they  discov(riil 
a  few  Iiuhans,  and  ])ursued  them.  These,  as  it  jiroved,  were  a  decoy.  ;ii!^ 
they  soon  found  themselves  ambushed  on  every  side.  They  fought  wiili 
desperation,  but  were  all,  except  one,  cut  off,  being  eleven  in  niuiiher.  Tliij 
affair  iook  j»lac<;  iimnediately  afVer  Captain  Wadsworlh  had  marclicd  in-m 
Sudbury  \\  ith  70  men  to  strengthen  the  garrison  at  Marlborough ;  inul  ||  j 
news  of  the  situation  of  the  place  he  h;ul  just  left  reached  his  destiiiiitinnr,, 
soon  as  he  diti ;  and  although  he  had  marched  all  the  day  and  night  hefoiv.jiiiil 
his  men  almost  exhausted  with  flitigue,  yet,  taking  Captain  Brockkhnn);  m\ 
td)out  ten  men  from  the  garrison  at  Marlborough,  he  marched  directly  Ii.mI; 
for  Sudbiu-y.  On  the  morning  of  \\h'.  21st,  they  arrived  within  ahniii  n  ii,ile 
and  a  half  of  the  town,  near  where  a  body  of  about  .'OO  Indians  liiiil  |ir'. 
pared  an  ambush  behind  th(!  hills.  From  thence  they  .sent  out  two  or  iliroe 
of  their  l)arty,  who  crossed  the  march  of  the  English,  and,  being  disiovircd 
by  them,  af!(!cted  to  tly  through  fear,  to  decoy  them  into  a  pursuit.  Thb 
stratagem  succeeded,  and  with  grtiat  boldness  the  Indians  began  tlie  im.ut 
For  .^o me  time  the  English  maintained  good  order,  and,  having  retrcntiil to 
an  adjacent  hill,  lost  but  five  men  for  near  four  hours.  j\Ieantiiue  tlic  Indi.i.s 
had  lost  a  great  nunibrM',  which  so  increased  their  ragC!  that  they  resolvnl  lo 
put  in  practice  another  stratagem,  which  it  seems  they  had  not  before  tlidiii'lit 
of.  They  inunediately  set  the  woods  on  lire  to  windward  of  the  Eiii:li>li, 
which  spread  with  great  rapidity,  owing  to  au  exceeding  high  wind  aiiil 
the  dryness  of  the  grass  and  o'l.'er  combu.stibles.  This  stratagem  WVvw'h 
succeeded,  even  better  than  the  tir.st ;  that,  although  it  served  to  bring  on  ilie 
attack,  was  near  proving  liital  to  its  originators,  but  this  was  cro\Mii'(l  «iili 
complete  success.  The  fury  of  the  flames  soon  drove  the  English  fVoMi  tlnir 
advantag(H)US  |)osition,  which  gave  the  Indians  an  opportunity  to  tiiii  n|"iii 
them  with  their  tomahawks!  Many  were  now  abb;  to  fall  U])oii  oni', miJ 
resistance  fast  diminished.  All  but  about  twenty  were  killed  or  fi'll  intotlie 
hands  of  the  coiKpierors ;  among  the  former  were  the  two  captains;  some 
of  those  that  «;scapcd  took  shelter  in  a  mill  not  fin*  off,  and  were  saved  liy 
the  arrival  of  a  few  men  under  Captain  Prentice,  and  a  company  "i"''"' 
Caj)tain  Crowell,  Both  of  these  otlicers  and  their  men  very  narrowly  rs- 
caped  the  fate  of  Wudsworth,*     As  the  former  was  about  to  fall  into  a  tiital 

house  was  burnt  (irst,  and  tliat  •' aflorwards  tiiey  destroyed  C5  more  there,  Icaviiij;  but  a 
houses  slandiiifj  in  llio  whoU;  town."' 

*  ''  .So  insolent  were  llie  In(hans  p^rown  upon  llieir  first  success  against  Captain  U'i((/.«i''("''l 
that  they  sent  us  word,  to  provide  store  of  good  cheer }  for  they  iulended  to  diue  with  us[Jl 
Boston]  on  the  election  day."     Chronicle,  1)5. 


[Book  HI. 

Iress  tlmt  his 
fi-  lin  iictiiiillv 
little  tldiilii  (if 
cs.  On  tlic  1> 
;o()(l  siitT(ssii< 
liilr-  tlic  wliit.j 

<ui»|iiisr(l,  wiro 
'  liiiil  liiinit  iLtf 
iit'il  thi'iiisclvi* 
iliii^'  111)1111  tliiiii 
I  uiul  woiiudcj 

ssinution  slinnlil 
i\v  iiro  alidiit  t(i 
pril,  tin-  liir:'i>t 
(I  Siidlinry,  iiml 
i<fs,  \\ liicli  Wire 
,  iuid  were  M  (,n 
hi^h  Mason ;  iiiiil 
from  doiii;:  ;iiiy 

Sudlniry,  sall'ml 
:•,  tli(>y  discnvi ml 
vcn'.  a  dfcoy.  mi 
riicy  iuiiL'lit  Willi 
in  iiunilu'r.   This 
id  iiiiirclii'd  In™ 
)oroiiirli;  mid  Ae 
his  dcstiiiatiiiii  as 
I  niillit  bi'loi'Miiiil 
,11  Brodkhunf;  m\ 
lifd  directly  kA 
tliin  about  a  mile 
iidiaiis  liad  pre- 
)ut  two  or  ilira 
bt'iii^  disi'iivi'mi 
,  a  inirsuit.    Tliis 
icpiii  till'  attiiit 
iviiiij  rt'treati'il  to 
iiitiiiif  till'  liiiii'i^! 
t  tlicy  rcsolvtil  10 
not  liVroiTlliiiiiit 
(I  ol"  the  Eii^ili^l!. 
o-  hi^li  wii'd  "'"1 
rratajreiu  lik(•^^i>e 
id  to  hriiifrfiii'li'^ 
vas  crowiicil  with 
■':n<rlisli  iVciii  tlitir 
Imi'itv  to  1'all  "1"'" 
all  iipoii  oiit>,niM 
led  or  Jell  intmlie 
o  caiitaiiin;  !^"i"« 
id  ^vere  m^vpiI  1'!  J 
coiiiimiiy  i""l^'' 
cry  narrowly  «• 
:,  fall  into  a  tiUal 


1  ihcre,  Icavin; 


but  a 


CllAl 

fiiiare, 

|ir(iar 
llidiirii 
a  111 


II] 


LIFi;  or  KING  PHILIP. 


39 

aj)- 


he  was  rescued  liy  a  (•oiii|)any  from  a  <rarrison  ;  and  as  the  latter 
i,.il  Siidliiiry,  he  saved  himself  hy  piirsiMnj,'  an  ime.vpceted  route  ;  and, 
ittaeked,  lie  succeeded  in  fi<.'litiiiji'  his  way  throii:;li  the   Iiiiiiaiis  N\ith 
(iiilv  of  six  or  seven  of  his  men.     Captain  (Vojcf/Z's  arrival  at  this  time 


"•.  ^'iccidental,  tlioiiiih  fortunate  ;  l)ein<f  on  ins  return  li-oiii  Ciiiahaojr,  wliitlier 
r''l'iil  lici'ii  sent  to  reiiitiirce  that  <rarrisoii.*     Willi  this  jrreat  achievement 

ll'i'l  llie  chief  operations  in  Mawsaclmsetta ;  and  \vc  have  now  to  return 
tiiwanis  riinioiith. 

When  success  no  ion<ror  attoiided  Philip  in  Massachusetts,  those  ot  Ins 

Hi  .s  wlioiii  lie  liad  seduced   into  thi'   war,  upbraided  and  accused  him  of 

Iriiii'in"  all  their  mis(<»rtimes  upon  them;  that  they  had  no  cause  of  war 

ji"^,"tl„.  Kii<rlish,  and  had  not  en;,fa<ied  in  it  but  Ibr  his  solicitati<uis;  and 
",'  .  „t'  the  tribes  scatten-d  themselves  in  ditferent  directimis.  With  all 
that  »voiild  follow  him,  as  a  last  retreat,  Philip  returned  to  I'okanoket.  The 
l'(i(iiiii)tiick  or  Deertield  Indians  were  amoiiff  the  lirst  who  abandoned  his 
caii<i'  and  many  of  the  other  Nipmucks  and  Narrajfansets  soon  followed 
tlifir  c.xaiiililc. 

On  the  lltli  of  July,  be  attemiUed  to  surprise  Taunton,  but  was  repulsedt. 
His  camp  was  now  at  Matapoiset.  The  Kn;.dish  canu;  upon  him  here,  under 
('iiiitain  Church,  who  captured  many  of  his  people,  but  he  escaiied  over 
Taiiii"»"  R'^'^'i'i  "•'^  '"'  '""^  done  a  year  before,  but  in  tin;  oppositi^  direction, 
and  screened  himself  once  more  in  the  woods  of  I'ocasset.  lie  used  many 
Miatai'ciiis  to  cut  oft'  Captain  Church,  and  seems  to  have  watched  and  iiil- 
jdwcii  liiin  from  ])lace  to  place,  until  the  end  ol"  this  month  ;  but  he  wils 
(■(iiitiiinallv  losinj;  one  company  of  his  men  alter  another.  Some  scouts 
nsnrtaiiied  that  he,  and  many  of  iiis  men,  wen;  at  a  certain  jilace  upon 
Taunton  River,  and,  from  app(>aranees,  were  about  to  nipass  it.  His  camp 
uas  now  at  this  |)lace,  and  tlie  chief  of  bis  warriors  with  him.  Somi'  sol- 
diers Ironi  Bridgewater  fell  upon  them  here,  on  Sunday,  July  .'iO,  and  killed 
ten  warriors;  but  Philip,  having  disfruise'd  himself,  escaped.]:  His  uiK;le, 
Akkmpotn,  was  amonjr  th<!  slain,  and  bis  own  sister  taken  prisoner. 

The  late  attem|)t  by  Philip  upon  Taunton  had  caused  the  peo|il(!of  IJridiio- 
watcr  to  he  more  watchtiil,  and  some  were  continually  on  the  scout.  Some 
time  ill  tiie  day,  Saturday,  iJ'J  July,  four  men,  as  they  were  raiiirinji  the  woods, 
discovtred  one  Indian,  and,  rightly  judging  then;  were  more  at  band,  made 
all  iiaste  to  inform  the  other  inhabitants  of  JJridgewater  of  their  discovery. 
Cuinfort  fVillis  and  Joseph  Edson  were  "  pressed"  to  go  "  post"  to  tin-  govern- 
or iV  I'linioiith,  at  iMarslifield,  who  "went  to  Plimoutli  with  them,  the 
next  day,  [:iO  July,]  to  sendCa|)tain  CVnf/'cA  with  bis  company.  And  Captain 
C/iKCf/i  came  with  them  to  Monjionset  on  the  sabbath,  and  caiiu'  no  further 
th;it  day,  lie  told  them  he  wouhl  meet  them  the  next  day."  Ht-re  IVillis  and 
LAmn  icft  liitn,  and  arrived  at  home  in  the  evening.  Upon  ln-ariiig  of  the 
onival  of  Church  in  their  neighborhood,  iil  men  "  wont  out  on  3Ionday,  sup- 
jKisiii!;  to  meet  with  Captain  Church;  but  they  cjune  upon  the  enemy  and 
I'uuLdit  with  them,  and  took  17  of  them  alive,  and  also  mucJi  plunder.  And 
llii  y  all  returned,  and  not  one  of  them  fell  by  the  enemy  ;  and  received  no 
III  Ip  liom  Church."  This  account  is  given  lru:>i  an  ohi  manuscript,  but  who 
it>  author  was  is  not  certain.§  Churches  account  difters  considerably  li'om  it. 
Hi'  says,  that  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day  lie  and  his  company  marched 
from  Plimouth,  "  they  heard  a  smart  liring  at  a  distance  from  them,  but  it 


It  Captain  Wiuhu'A 


•;  OKI  Indian  Chronicle  79,  92,  m.—IfnhlhinL  80.— d'ookin's  MS.  Kisl.— A  son  of  <  "apiain 
I'  idswoiik  caused  a  monumeiil  to  l)c  ercclod  upon  the  place  of  this  tiiflil,  willi  an  inscription 
upon  il,  which  time  lias  discovered  to  be  erroneous  in  some  of  its  historical  particulars.  It 
was  recently  slandinf;  to  tiio  we.st  of  Sudhurv  causeway,  a!)ont  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the 
great  road  that  leads  trom  Boston  to  Worcester.     Hoyt,  1'2'2.  //IVmcs-,  i.  3.'!0. 

t  A  captive  negro  made  his  escape  from  i'/ii'/i//.?  men,  and  save  notice  of  their  intention  ; 
■whereu|ioa  the  mhabitaiiLs  stood  upon  iheir  {■iiard,  and  soukliers  were  tiinously  sent  in  to 
.  tliein  lor  tlieir  relief  and  defence."     Prrvaleuctj  of  Pniirr,  8. 

;  ■•  "I'is  said  that  he  had  newly  cut  oil'  liis  liiiir,  that  he  might  not  be  known."'     llnhharJ, 

vUl  i^  published  by  Mr.  Mitchell,  in  his  valuable  account  of  Rridgewaler,  and  supposed  to  have 
1  becu  «raiuu  by  Cum/btt  Willis,  named  above.    See  1  Coll.  Mass.  llisi.  Woe.  vii.  1j7. 


I 


ipl 

■■'li 

^l'  ■ 

■■■!''.i» 

•m-  ■ . 

'  'iKiffil 

h€: 

'''^ 

"A " 

,<«.'  'emft 

■ '!']  Wm 

^  j^Ru.  ■ 

i>;*JA 

Smif 

I  ■^r\ 

'    'Wv 

^n'^- 

1 ''  ^j.lHlr 

&,'i  ,' .  'v'lH.'f 


«*i  <.■*> 


49 


LIFE  OF  KING  PHILIP. 


[ROOR   III 


tfi.il} 


liiut 
'■nrii 
I  mill 


icing  near  iiifrlit,  niid  tlio  firiiij,' of  sliort  contiiiiiiinco,  they  missod  tlic  plnpp 
.a:(l  went  into  llri(lf;c\viil(U'  town."  ' 

Oil  tilt!  1  Aiiffnst,  tlu'  intri'pid  Church  mine  upon  Philip's  li(!iul-r|imitprii 
killed  imd  took  nboiit  IMO  ol"  Jiis  people,  Philip  hiniHelf  very  narrow Iv  v>i-,u'. 
ui^f.  Snrh  was  his  jinjeipitation,  that  he  lell  all  his  wain]tinn  beliiiid,  ninl  1,,^ 
wile  and  son  fell  into  the  hands  of  Church. 

No  sooner  had  the  story  of  the  destruction  of  the  Indians  he<rnii  to  Mttrun 
attention,  (which,  however,  was  not  initil  a  long  time  atler  they  IkkI  In,.,, 
destroyed,)  much  inquiry  was  made  concerning  the  fate  of  this  son  o 
ikunma  Metacoinet ;  and  it  was  not  initil  considerahle  time  had  elii|i.s(.||, 
it  was  (iiscovere<l  that  he  was  sold  into  slavtM'y!  It  is  gratitying  lo 
what  did  become  of  him,  although  the  knowledge  of  tlie  liu-t  must  cause 
ill  every  humane  breast ;  not  more  for  the  lot  of  young  Metacoincl,  tlmn  i„r 
the  wretched  depravity  of  the  minds  of  those  who  advised  and  exccutrd  ti,(> 
decree  o<"  slavery  upon  him. 

Great  numbers  of  Philip's  people  were  sold  for  slaves  in  foreign  coiintriis. 
in  the  beginning  of  the  war  Captain  Mostly  cajitured  80,  who  were  (•(imin,,! 
nt  Plimouth.  In  September  following,  178  were  put  on  l)oard  a  vessel  ^•n\^^. 
manded  by  Captain  Spragiit,  who  sailed  Irojn  Plimouth  with  them  for  !^|i,iiii, 

Church*  relates  the  attack  of  Aug.  1  upon  the  flying  chief  as  followM^ 
"Next  morning,  [ailer  the  skirmish  in  which  Jlkkompoin  wuh  killed,]  l'ii|it, 
Church  moved  very  early  with  his  company,  which  was  increased  by  pmnvfti' 
Bridgewater  that  listed  under  liim  for  that  expedition,  and,  by  tlicir  |)il()tii|ff 
he  soon  came,  very  still,  to  the  top  of  the  grc.-it  tree  which  the  enemy  ki 
fallen  across  the  river ;  and  the  ca))tain  spied  an  Indian  sitting  ii|)oii  iIk 
stutnp  of  it,  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  and  he  cla])ped  his  gun  up,  aiid  ImJ 
doubtless  despatched  him,  but  that  one  of  his  own  Indians  called  iiastllvio 
him  not  to  Are,  for  he  believed  it  was  one  of  his  own  men;  tipon  wliiclitli» 
Indiaii  upon  the  stump  looked  about,  and  Capt.  ChurcKs  Indian,  seeiii;'  ins 
face,  perceived  his  mistake,  for  he  knew  him  to  be  Philip ;  clap])e(l  up  Iim 
gun  and  foed,  but  it  was  too  late ;  tor  Philip  immediately  threw  liiins';!!'  utf 
the  stump,  leaped  down  a  bank  on  the  side  of  the  river,  and  made  his  V!ir,\\», 
Capt.  Church,  as  soon  as  i)ossible,  got  over  the  river, and  scattered  in  (]ii(si m' 
Philip  and  his  company,  but  the  enemy  scattered  and  fled  every  way;  iMiiiie 
picked  up  a  considerable  many  of  th.;ir  women  and  children,  anionji  wLioli 
were  Philip's  wife  and  son  of  about  nine  years  old."  The  remainder  of  ilie 
day  was  spent  in  pursuing  the  flying  Philip,  who,  with  his  Narragansets,m.< 
still  formidable.  They  picked  up  many  ])i  I  oners,  from  whom  tliey  Icariit J 
the  force  of  those  of  whom  they  were  in  pursuit.  At  night,  Church  wusiiiiiler 
obligation  to  return  to  his  men  he  had  letl,  but  commissioned  I/ightfool,  n]i- 
tain,  to  lead  a  party  on  discovery.  lAghtfoot  returned  in  t!ie  moriiiii).' wiiii 
good  success,  having  made  an  important  discovery,  and  taken  13  prisoners 
Church  inunediately  set  out  to  follow  up  their  advantage.  He  soon  fame 
where  they  had  made  flres,  and  shortly  alter  overtook  their  women  niid  eliil- 
dreu,  who  "  were  faint  and  tired,"  and  who  informed  them  "  that  Philip,  with 
a  great  number  of  the  enemy,  were  a  little  before."  It  was  almost  siin«ft 
when  they  came  near  enough  to  observe  them,  and  ^^  Philip  soon  ranie  id  a 
stop,  and  fell  to  breaking  and  chopping  wood,  to  make  fires ;  and  a  (.'rtat 
noise  they  made."  Church,  concentrating  his  followers,  formed  them  into  a 
circle,  and  set  down  "  without  any  noise  or  fire."  Their  jjrisoners  slioweii 
,'jfreat  signs  of  fear,  but  were  easily  put  in  confidence  by  the  conciliator}  oon- 
iluct  of  Church.  Thus  stood  matters  in  Church's  camj)  through  the  night  m' 
the  2  August,  1676.  At  davni  of  day,  he  told  his  prisoners  they  must  reiiiaiii 
.Still  wlu^re  they  were,  until  the  fight  was  over,  (for  he  nov\  had  every  reasoi 
to  expect  a  severe  one  shortly  to  follow,)  "  or,  as  soon  as  the  firing  ceiii^ni, 
they  must  follow  the  tracks  of  liis  company,  and  come  to  them.  (Aii  luiiiaii 
is  next  to  a  bloodhoimd  to  follow  a  track.) "  f 

It  being  now  light  enough  to  make  the  onset.  Church  sent  fonvard  tm 
soldiers  to  learn  Philip's  position.  Philip,  no  less  wary,  had,  at  tlie  saiiie 
time,  sent  out  two   spies,  to  see  if  any  were  in  pursuit  of  him.    '''''" 


Tiie  re- 


*  Hist.  Philip's  War,  38,  ed.  4to. 


t  Ibid.  39. 


[HuoK  III, 
!<S(!il  till)  |iliu'r', 

lu'ii(l-(iiiiiiicr<, 
larrouly  ('m;i|i. 
bt'liiiiil,  iukI  liij 

H'<riin  to  atiriii'i 

lliey  lind  liicu 

this  still  of  til,. 
11(1  <'la|isc(l,  thai 
itiiyiii}!-  U)  liiirii 
must  cuiisi'  |iiiiii 
'tacomct,  tliiiii  inr 
uul  oxcriitt'd  the 

breif^n  coiiiitrirs, 
u)  wt:ri;  coiitiiKil 
ril  a  vessel  ciiin. 

I  them  ior  l^inuii, 
ief  as  follow  >:- 
vas  kili(!(l,]  l';i|it, 
eased  liy  I'wiiuDi' 
by  their  pilotiiiir, 
h  tlie  eiu'iuy  liml 

sittiii}{  uiioii  tlw 
,s  gun  u|),  audliad 
IB  called  imstih  lo 
;  upon  wiiicli  ilie 
Indian,  seeiiii;  Ins 
;  claj)i)e(l  \\\t  \m 
threw  liiiiis'.'ll'  otf 

II  made  his  ('sr;i|ii;, 
ttered  in  i\wA  m' 
ivery  way ;  but  lie 
Iren,  among  wliioh 

remaiiidiT  ol'tlie 
Narrafians('t!*,\va;! 
hoin  they  IwinuJ 

Cfeurc/i  wasmulH 
lied  Li^htfoot,  n\>- 

t]\e  morniu):  "ii'n 

iken  13  \m*mai 
He  soon  came 
fr  women  mid  eliil- 

"that  P/ii7ij),\viili 

'as  almost  suii^rt 
\p  soon  caiiie  to  a 

fires ;  find  a  gwi 

Irmed  them  into  a  | 

prisoners  showed 

le  conciliatory  eoii; 

•ough  the  niglit  of  | 
they  iiuist  reiiiiv 

\\  ha'd  every  mm 
the  firing  ceiiscil, 

them.    (An Into' 

sent  forward  two  1 
had,  at  the  sa!i.«| 
of  him.    There- 


\m   ..'.1.1'       'M     , 

■■'*■    "  ,    !«■'';     ■'•■■' 
i;  ■-•■'■■!--,    ■', . 


.1 


'     •     ■.At         'f.  ■   'I'V' 


■  i-    '■■'ri.'P" 
-■".'''■'^fm 


.f;' 


;  •syv'sti 


■^f^l, 


1 


■:i  r>i. 


mm 


w\ 


f 


3i 


5 


I'll* 


I 


l*t^ 


({};•» : 


■ffi^i 


■■*•(,'  r  <!i,: 


':te 


lW. 


'*."♦• 


>i  ;..;,'■. 


*:  1' 


'^.. 


'r   y 


'\.m 


l'■>^  »• '  ,'♦:: 


riMi' 


II 


ii| livi'  f\> 

Mill.'  liii'i' 
cv.iil,  uliilf  I 
llii'ir  K  I'l''^ 
iiitii  II  swiiinj 
tr.  iiii'il  ilii'iii 
.villi'  III'  ill''  ■" 
|i,iin,  lM)|iiiii:. 

I (ill.'  lliiil  M 

n  III' till'  f*"'!'! 

H'llMi'  I'llll'l'  III' 

liiiii  ill  >iii'li  ' 
tliiiikiii!.'  tliiit  I 
iiiiiiiiisli  liii*  t 

llir  MIIIH'  tillli' 

Ihiirli  iiiid  II 
diitiiiii't' ;  Itiil 

Mli'll  II  Stl'|>. 

//)( //  urn  nil  </r, 
liiili  IMS,  s(i  mil 
till'  iriiiis  out 
llaviii;;'  si'ciirci 
tlii'iM,  Churrli  \ 
I'liil  .il  wliii'li  I 
of  iiisiiiriii'f  ( 
liail  M'lit  tiii'wa 
vaiil.i:.'!'   Ill'  iIh' 
Philip  siDod  Jii: 
main  hixiy  of 
Ih'^mii  10  apprcl 
III  ilii'  |ioiiit  wli 
liiisli.    Ileri!  Ill 
vi/.  TItomn.i  Lit 
sninr  of  liJH  b, 
Aii;.'iist  the  ',Ul,  i 
tlir  rxtTtioiis  of 
Philip,  liaviii;; 
mill  lastly  to  ills 
liaii  I'liiiriivorcd 
wiis  jiluiiys  tlio 
dcalli  Olio  of  li 
lii'ijtlii'r,  wliosn 
ami  f.Mvi!  Captaii 
to  liis  nuii|).     J 
s»aiii|i  \vli('n>  1 
placi'il  a  ^'iianl  n 
tk'ii  oi'ilcR'd  Ca; 
iu  Ills  camp ;    m 
proarlifd,  and,  ti 
frniii  sleep,  and 
iiii;'lit.    Coniiiiff 
U|miT  of  tli»i  aiul 
tiri',  liiit  Aldennai 


"Om- of  Church's 
t  All  iiiiprovidiMil 
lieiii^'kilL'd,  "  „ui  Up 
lie  "iTi'  nol,  al  this 
wlMppi'.l.  (or  senilis  I 
inasislriiitN,  ami  ollie 

}r/„„r'i,.n.    i„  I 

,  ^''i;|ii:iiii  Rosier  C, 
'"  "fi7o,  lor  Ills  emine 


ClMl' 


111 


urr,  OF  KiN<!  I'liif.ip. 


41 


ictivi"  Hiiii'H  <>r  till'  two  limiiHis  cliii'ls  <invi'  tin-  iilartn  to  Imlli  ciinips  nt  tin' 
tiiiic;  Itiit,  iiiilni|)|>il,v  liir  /'/ii7i/;,  his  iiiilaKiinist  wiis  |ir('|>ar('il  I'm-  tlit> 
\\liilt^  li'' ^vas  nut.  "All  lliil  at  tin'  llri't  tiiliii^'s,  [of  tiic  N|)i)'H,|  li>l\ 
I,  ttjis  liiiiliii;:,  mill   innit    nciMtiii^'   ii|ioii   tiiiir  \v I>'ii   sjiits,  ami   run 


|r  III'  III''  M\vani|i,  wliih'   Inn 


iMiH.  li'M'i"!.''  ">'  •'"■  f*"'""!'  ^^■•'"*  small,  U>  prcvriit 

liriiii-'  ill"'  wlifii  l'hili/>  sliniilil  ili-rovcr  ilu;  i'ln;:!! 

iillln'  >w"i"|'i  '"■  wimlil  Imir  liack  in  liis  own  Inick,  ami  so  rsiapc  a 
h'iiih'  I'lii""''  '"'  •■"•'''■'''li  Cliiifrli  liail,  tiiciTrort',  stMlioiird  an  ainlinsli  to  n 
liiiii  ill  ^ii''li  ""  ''V<'iit.     Unt   iIm'  wariness  of  I'liilin  ilisa|i|iointril   him. 


,«iiiii ' 

■  ii,  a  riNMiinii  ^^ilh   !"•  olhrr   iiicakllisl,  than  w  hat   i'ii\t\.  Cfiiinli  alh'rwariln 
, It'll  ilii'ni  with."     Chiirih  smt  his   iii'titrnaiit,  ,Mr.  hmir   lloivltiml,  on   ono 
I,  whih-   liims 'If  ran   n|ion   tin'  other,  i'a:'h  with  a   small 

till'  cscaiH'  of  any.  Ilx- 
lisli  lit  the  farther  exirenii- 
.■it  the 
nlr.i|i 
''riiiii)  iiisa|i|ioinieii  mm.  lie, 
tliiiikiiiL'  tliiit  ih''  Knjriisli  woiihl  piirsne  him  into  the  svvam|»,  hail  formeil  an 
iiiiiliiisli  li'i*  them  also,  lint  was,  in  like  mamnr,  ilis:ip|ii)iiitril.  He  h:iil,  at 
till'  siiiiii'  time,  sent  forward  a  liinid  of  his  warriors,  who  li-li  into  the  hands  of 
(7ii/,i7i  iiiiil  U iir'anil.  Tiiey,  at  first,  Mltem|»led  to  lly,  anil  then  ollered  nv 
!ii<i,iiire  ;  hut  Chinrh  onlered  MiiUliinit*  to  tell  tliem  the  im|Maeiieaiiilily  of 
mill  II  st('|i.  II"'  aceordini;ly  ealled  to  them,  iiiid  said,  "  //'  Ihnj  J'ircil  oni-  iriin 
thin  wen  (til  ilrnd  men.''''  This  threat,  with  the  presence  of  the  Knf;iisli  and 
liiili  ins,  so  ama/ed  them,  that  they  siiH'ered  "  the  l''iifrlish  to  niine  ami  tako 
ihc  iriiiis  nut  of  their  hands,  wlieii  they  were  both  ehar^'eil  and  corked." 
lliviiii:' secured  these  with  a  friiard,  armed  with  the  <,'ims  just  taken  from 
llii'iii,V'/ii(;r/i  press,  s  thron^di  the  swamp  in  search  of  Philip,  towards  tho 
cnil  Mt  which  that  cliii^f  had  entered.  Il.'ivin<.r  waited  until  he  hiid  no  JiopcH 
III  iiisMMriiiff  ('.iptain  rViH/rA, /ViiV//;  now  moved  on  atler  the  com|»any  ho 
liml  >iiit  tiirward,  and  thus  the  two  parlies  met.  The  J'ln^rlisli  hud  the  ad- 
viiiiiiiu'e  of  the  first  discovery,  ami,  covered  l»y  trees,  itiade  the  first  tiro. 
i'/iiVi);  stood  his  j,'ronnd  lor  a  liini',  and  mainlained  a  desperate  fijrlit ;  lint,  a 
iiiiiiii  iiiiily  "I"  Ills  warriors  havinir  Ix'''"  ca|»tnred,  wliich,  by  this  time,  lio 
iii'iriii  10  M|»prchend,  as  tlioy  did  not  come  to  his  aid,  he,  therefore,  fled  hack 
til  ilii' poiiit  where  he  enten  i  the  swamp,  and  thus  fi'll  into  a  second  aiii- 
liiisli,  licrn  tli(j  Kiifrlisli  were  worsted,  liavin<f  one  of  their  miinher  .slain, 
vi/.  Thomns  [jurii.i,f  of  IMimontli:  thus  escaped,  for  a  few  days,  Philip  and 
80IIII'  of  his  b,  St  captains:  such  were  Tiwv'^/i/m  and  Taloson.  This  wiw 
AcL'iist  the  'U\,  iiiid  Pliilip\<i  iiumlxirs  had  necrea.sod,  since  tho  IhI,  173,  by 
the  I'vertimis  of  Church.  I 

Philip,  liavinjj  now  but  few  followers  lel>,  was  driven  from  place  to  |)lHce, 
nrii!  I.istiy  to  his  ancient  seat  near  I'okaiioket.  The  I'^iiirlish,  for  a  lonj;  time, 
liaii  I'liilcavored  to  kill  him,  but  could  not  find  him  off  his  irnard  ;  for  ho 
was  111  ways  the  first  wiio  was  apprized  of  their  approach,  lie  baviiif;  jtiit  to 
(Icatli  Olio  of  his  own  men  for  advisiiijr  him  to  make  |)eace,  this  inaii'a 
liiDtlicr,  whose  name  was  .'Ihkrman,  fi-arini^  the  same  fate,  deserted  biin, 
uiid  f.'ave  Captain  Church  an  account  of  his  situation,  and  offered  tfi  lead  him 
to  liis  camp.  Early  on  Saturday  inorniii!:,  I'i  Aufr.,  Church  cnmo  to  tho 
swanip  where  Philip  was  eiicampcMl,  and,  betbr«!  he  was  discovered,  hud 
|ilai'('(l  a  ifiiard  about  it,  so  as  to  encompnss  it,  except  a  small  jdace.  He 
iIr'M  onlered  Captain  Gol({in3;§  to  rush  into  tin;  swamp,  and  tidl  upon  Philip 
ill  ills  caiiip;  which  he  iinmediately  did — iiiit  was  discovered  as  he  np- 
priiaciicd,  and,  as  usual,  Philip  was  the  first  to  fly.  ilaviiiir  but  Just  uwuked 
i'roiii  sleep,  and  Imviiiif  on  but  a  jtart  of  his  clothes,  he  tied  with  all  his 
nii<:lit.  ('omin<r  directly  upon  an  En^lislimau  and  an  Indian,  who  composed 
u|i,ii't  of  the  ambush  at  the  edjre  of  tli<'  swamp,  the  Kn<.dishmuii's  gun  missed 
tire,  hut  .dklennnn,  the  Indian,  wlios(!  gun  was   loaded  with   two  bulls,  "sent 

*()]ii'  (if  Citurch'.'i  liiiliiiii  soliliors,  liiil  of  wlioiii  /«■  in:ik<'s  no  iiicntion. 

t  All  iiM|)rovi<lfiil  lollow,  jriveii  In  intdxiciilidii,  iiiiil.  Irom  Church's  expression  about  his 
heiii^' killi'il,  "  not  lieinij  so  carerii!  lis  ho  iii'sjlit  h.ivc  lieeii,"  it  leavfs  room  to  doulil  whether 
he  woro  not,  al  ihis  lime,  under  the  <'l)(cl>i  of  liiinor.  lie  liiiil  licen  often  ruicd,  anil  once 
wlii|i|)('il,  for  s"ttiiiS  ilruiik,  ln-atinir  his  wife  and  ('liiidren,  dcfaining  the  ciiaracler  of  deceased 
niasi^iniiLN,  and  other  iiiisdeuicaiiors. 

\('hiiri->i.  U.     Ill  ilie  ari'ouiil  of  T'a'oso/i,  (Vutrrh's  narrative  is  continued. 
^  ft  t'ii|)taiii  Ro^^er  Goiiklen,  of  U.  I.     Pliinoutli  fjraiiied  him  100  acres  of  laud  ou  Pocasset, 
"i  iGTii,  for  liis  cmiiieul  services.     PLim  B'-rords. 


1 1  "•' 


y 


'5^ 


42 


LIFE  OF  KING   PHILIP. 


[Book  1||. 
He  fell 


one  thron<rli  liia  heart,  mid  aiiotlier  not  above  two  inches  from  it. 
upon  his  tiiee  in  the  niiui  and  water,  witii  his  gun  imder  him." 

"  Cold,  Willi  llip  beast  he  slew,  lie  sleeps ; 
O'er  him  no  lllial  spirit  weeps ; 

Even  that  he  lived,  is  for  his  conqueror'-  tongue; 
15y  Iocs  alone  his  ilcath-son<;  must  he  sung ; 

No  ehronicles  hut  theirs  shall  tell 

His  nioiirnliil  doom  to  future  times; 

May  these  upon  his  virtues  dwell. 

Anil  in  his  fate  forget  his  crimes."— SpRAOUK. 

The  name  of  tlie  man  stationed  with  Alderman  was  Caleb  Cook,*  who  tiad 
shared  in  many  of  Ckurch^s  hazardous  expeditions  iK'fore  the  present.  See- 
■ng  that  he  could  not  have  the  honor  of  killing  Philip,  he  was  dcsiioiis,  if 
possible,  of  liaving  a  memento  of  the  mighty  exploit,  lie  therefore  invvaileil 
upon  Mdennan  to  exchange  guns  with  him.  This  gun  was  kept  in  tlie  liimik 
until  the  present  century,  when  the  late  Isaac  Lothrop,  Escj.  of  Plinioiitli  dl,. 
tained  the  lock  of  it  froui  Mr.  Sulvamis  Cook,  late  of  Kingston.  Sylvnnus 
was  great-grandson  of  Caleb.j  The  stock  and  barrel  of  the  gun  are  still  ip. 
tuined  by  the  descendants  of  the  name  of  Cook.l  Tliere  is  a  gun-lock  sIkhvh 
in  the  library  of  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  said  to  be  the  same  which  .Ikknnr.n 
used  in  shooting  Philip.  This  Alderman  was  a  subject  of  Wedamoo,  wlie,  jn 
the  commencement  ol  this  war,  went  to  the  governor  of  Plimoutli,  ami  ,le. 
siretl  to  remain  in  peace  with  the  English,  and  immediately  took  up  liis  le-j. 
dence  upon  an  Island,  remote  from  the  tribes  engaged  in  it.  But,  after  PhWif 
had  returned  to  his  own  country,  Alderman,  upon  some  occasion,  vi^il^■(l 
him.  It  was  at  this  time  that  he  learned  the  fate  of  his  brother  lieliire 
spoken  of;  or  he  may  have  been  killed  in  his  presence.  This  caiistj  Lisi 
flight  to  the  English,  which  he  thought,  probably,  the  last  resort  liir  ven- 
geance. He  "came  down  from  thence,  says  CAurc/i ;  (where  P/iiYiys  camp 
now  was,)  on  to  Sand  Point  over  against  Trips,  and  hollow'd,  and  niiuje 
signs  to  be  fetch'd  over  "  to  the  isliuid.  He  was  immediately  broiifrlit  ovi  r, 
and  gave  the  information  desired.  Captain  Church  had  but  just  arrived  iipn!) 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  about  eight  miles  from  the  upper  end,  where  Alia- 
man  landed.  He  had  been  at  home  but  a  few  minutes,  when  "  tliey  sjn'l 
two  horsemen  coming  a  great  pace,"  and,  as  he  proph'.'sied,  "they  caincvw.ii 
tydii)gs."  Major  Sanford  and  Capt.  Gelding  were  the  horsemen,  "who 
iijimedlately  ask'd  Capt.  Church  what  he  woidd  give  to  hear  some  news  n/Phitiji. 
lie  reply'd.  That  teas  xohat  he  tvanted."  The  expedition  was  at  once  entered 
I'pon,  ^ud  Alderman  went  as  their  pilot.     But  to  return  to  the  liill  of  Philip  :- 

'•'liy  this  tiiiie,"  continues  Church,  "tlie  enemy  perceived  they  were  way- 
laid on  the  east  side  of  tlie  swamp,  tacked  short  about,"  and  were  led  out  el' 
their  dangerous  situation  by  the  great  Captain  Annawon.  "The  man  that 
had  shot  down  Philip  ran  with  all  speed  to  Capt.  Church,  and  informed  liiiii 
of  ills  exploit,  who  commanded  him  to  be  silent  about  it,  and  let  no  iiiiin 
more  know  it  until  they  had  drove  the  swamp  clean  ;  but  when  tliey  had 
dro/e  the  swamp  througii,  and  found  the  enemy  had  escaped,  or  at  least  ilie 
most  of  them,  and  the  sun  now  up,  and  the  dew  so  gone  that  they  coiild  not 
easily  track  them,  the  whole  company  met  together  at  the  place  where  the 
enemy's  night  shelter  was,  and  then  Capt.  Church  gave  them  the  news  of 
Philip''s  death.  Ujion  which  the  whole  army§  gave  three  loud  iuizzas. 
Capt.  Church  ordered  his  body  to  be  jnilled  out  of  the  mire  on  to  the  upland, 
So  some  of  Capt.  Churches  Indians  took  hold  of  him  by  his  stockings,  and 

*  Baylies,  in  his  N  Plymouth,  ii.  1G8,  says  his  name  was  Fnmris ;  but  as  he  gives  no  auilior- 
ity,  we  a<lhero  to  older  authority. 

t  This  Caleb  Cook  was  son  of  Jamb,  of  Plimoulh,  nni  was  bom  there  29  Mar.  1G5I.  He 
had  two  or  more  brothers;  Jacob,  born  II-  May,  Ki.W,  and  Fratiris,  .')  .Ian.  1(i()3— !■.  llcuce 
it  is  not  probable  that  Frawis  was  a  soldier  at  this  time,  its  ho  was  only  in  his  I3ili  year. 

X  Col.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  iv.  C,1\. 

^  Eighteen  English  and  twenty-two  Indians  constituted  his  army  a  week  before ;  i'ui  W 
know  not  how  many  were  at  the  taking  of  Plilip,  though  we  may  suppose  about  tlie  same 
number.  Hcucc  this  expedition  cost  the  ccloiiy  jQ). 


11""?^'',  near  the  bi 


chaf.  n.j 


LIFE  OF  KL\G   PHILIP. 


48 


oine  l)V  liis  email  breechns,  bciiifr  otiicrvviso  imkod,  juid  drew  him  tlirangh 
H  ('  11111(1  into  the  u|)hiiid  ;  and  a  doli'l'id,  jri  i  at,  iiaiied  dirty  beast,  he  looked 
1 1/,. "  Captain  Church  then  said,  ^^  Forasmuch  as  he  has  caused  many  an  En/f' 
/■«Ahi«"'«  ftorfy  to  lie  unburied  and  rot  above  ground,  not  one  of  his  bones  shall  be 

Witii  tiie  preat  ciiief,  fell  five  of  his  most  trusty  followers,  one  of  wiiom 
was  lii;*  I'I'it'l  ca|)taiii's  son,*  and  the  very  Indian  who  fired  the  first  gun  at 
til,,  romnu'iicenient  of  tiie  war. 

>i  Philip  jiaving  one  very  remarkable  hand,  being  iniieh  scarred,  occasioned 
hv  tlie  splitting  of  a  pistol  in  it  ibrmerly,  Ca|)t.  Chitrrh  gave  th(!  head  and 
tliut  liaixl  to  Aldermnn,  the  Indian  who  shot  him,  to  show  to  such  gentlemen 
art  would  bestow  gratuities   upon   him  ;    and   accordingly  he   got  many  a 

peiiiiv  t)y  it."  t 

Tin'  Imrharous  usage  of  beheading  and  quartering  traitors  was  now  exe- 
fiiii'il  upon  tiie  fallen  Philip.  Church,  "calling  iiis  old  Indian  execiitiont^r, 
bid  liiiii  iM'liead  and  quarter  him.  Accordingly,  he  came  with  his  hatchet, 
;,ii,l  stdod  over  him,  hut  befoie  he  struck,  he  made  a  small  sjieech,  <lirecting 
it  t(i  Philip"  saying,  "  You  haie  been  a  very  great  man,  and  have  made  many  a 
mnn  afraid  of  you  ;  but  so  big  is  you  be  I  tvill  now  chop  your  ass  for  you."  He 
tlifii  itrocccded  to  the  execution  of  Iub  orders. 

His  iiend  was  sent  to  Plimouth,  where  it  was  exposed  upon  a  gibbet  lor 
20  vcars,  and  one  of  his  hands  to  Boston,  where  it  was  exhibited  in  savage 
triniiiiili,  ai"l  '•'*'  mangled  body  was  deniitd  the  right  of  sepulture.  It  having 
U'vw  (|iiurtered,  was  hung  upon  lour  trees,  and  there  left  as  a  monument  of 
sliopking  barbarity. 

Church  and  his  company  returned  to  the  island  the  same  day,  and  arrived 
with  till!  prisoners  at  Plimouth  two  days  after,  namely,  Tuesday,  August  L*?, 
"mnjring  through  all  the  woods  in  their  way."  They  now  "received  their 
preiiuiiiii)  which  was  30  shillings  per  head,''  for  all  enemies  killed  or  taken, 
''instrad  of  all  wages,  and  Philip's  head  went  at  the  same  price."  This 
amomkd  to  only  four  and  sixpence  a-piece,  "  which  was  all  the  reward  they 
liail,  •■xpept  the  honor  of  killing  Philip." 

Having  in  the  year  1824  visited  the  memorable  retreat  of  the  Wanipanoag 
siachciiis,  we  can  give  the  reader  some  idea  of  its  situation.  There  is  a 
iiiitiiral  angular  excavation,  in  an  almost  perpendicular  rock,  about  G  or  7  feet 
froiii  its  base,  where  it  is  said  Philip  and  some  of  his  chief  men  were  sur- 
prised on  tlif,  morning  of  the  12  August.  We  have  in  the  Life  of  Massasoit 
disivibed  Mount  Hopv',  and  it  is  at  the  north  part  of  it  that  the  high  rock  is 
situated ;  variously  estimated  from  30  to  50  feet  in  height,  and  is  nearly  2 
miles  lioin  the  village  of  Bristol.  From  the  seat,  or  throne  of  King  Philip, 
as  some  have  called  it,  a  fine  view  of  Mount  Hope  Bay  opens  upon  us.  Near 
the  loot  of  tiie  rock  is  a  fine  spring  of  water,  known  to  this  day  by  the 
name  of  Philip's  Spring. 

Mr.  Mden,  the  curious  collector  of  epitaphs,  says  "  the  late  Lieut.  Gov. 
Bradford,  [who  died  at  Bri,stol  in  1808,1  in  early  life,  knew  an  aged  squaw, 
who  was  one  of  Philip's  v;  ibe,  was  well  acquainted  with  this  sagamore  iu 
her  youthful  days,  and  had  often  been  in  his  wigwam.  The  information, 
tliroiiiili  iier,  is,  therefore,  very  direct,  as  to  the  identical  spot,  where  he  fixed 
his  abode.  It  was  a  few  neps  south  of  Capt.  James  De  Wolfe's  summer 
Ikhisi',  near  the  brow  of  a  bill,  but  no  vestige  of  the  wigwam  remains. 
The  eastern  side  of  this  hill  is  very  steep,  vat.ily  more  so  than  that  at  Hoi-se 
Neck,  down  which  the  intrepit'  Putnam  trotted  his  sure-footed  steed,  in  a 
inaniier  worthy  of  a  knight  of  the  tenth  century."  "When  Church's  men 
w  re  about  to  rusii  upon  Philip,  he  is  said  to  have  evaded  them  by  spring- 
iiij:  lioiii  his  wigwam  as  they  were  entering  it,  and  rolling,  like  a  hogshead, 
down  the  precipice,  which  looks  towards  the  bay.  Having  reached  the 
lower  part  of  Miis  frightful  ledge  of  rocks,  without  breaking  M?  bones,  ho 
pot  upon  his  feet^  a.id  ran  along  the  shore  in  a  north-eastern  direction,  about 
100  rods,  and  endeavored  to  screen  himself  in  a  swamp,  then  a  quagmire, 
but  now  terra  firma." 


mm 


.  -f  ■ 


^M 


Very  probably  a  son  of  Uncompoin,  or  Woorushum. 


t  Philip's  War. 


^.«'y 


44 


LIFE  OF  KING   PHILIP. 


[Rook  Hi 


How  nmcli  of  tlio  al)ovc  is  apocryplial  is  tiiicertaiii,  but  that  a  pan  of ;, 
is  1  liavi!  no  doubt.  That  Philip^s  ruui\)  was  near  the  to|)  of  Mount  I  loin  (.1 
tlie  tinio  h(,'  was  surprised,  is  contrary  to  rational  roiwhision,  but  scniu 
ratlicr  to  iiavn  b«,'t;n  fixfid  tlifro  l)y  tlio  imagination  of  some  otie,  Ibr  tW 
pleasure  it  might  att'ord  them  in  (•ontem|)lating  the  manner  of  the  ('M\,.\\ 
escape  iiy  rolling  down  a  rugged  precipice. 

During  tlii;  bloody  contest,  the  pious  fathers  wrestled  long  and  often  with 
their  (iod,  in  prayer,  that  lie  would  j»rosper  their  arms  and  deliver  i|i,ir 
enemii's  into  their  hands;  and  when,  upon  stated  days  of  |)raycr,  tlic  Jmljau 
gained  advantage,  it  was  looked  upon  as  a  rehuke  of  I'rovideiicc,  and  tnl 
mated  them  to  greater  sincerity  and  fervor;  and  on  the  contrary,  wlu.ii  ilujf 
arms  prevaiii'd  upon  such  days,  it  was  viewed  as  an  immediate  intciiKbiij,,,, 
in  their  favor.  'J'he  |)iiilos()phic  mind  will  be  shocked  at  the  expressions  „{ 
eonie,  very  eminent  in  that  (lay  for  piety  and  excellence  of  moral  Iji;.  ]),. 
Increiisr  MuUier,*  in  speaking  of  the  efficacy  of  prayer,  in  bringing  alioiit  lii. 
destrnclion  of  the  Indians,  says,  "Nor  could  they  [the  Fiiiglish]  cease  pnji,: 
to  the  Lord  against  Philip,  until  they  had  prayed  the  bullet  into  Jiis  Ji  I'm" 
And  in  sp<;aking  of  tht!  slaughter  o\'  Philip's  peojile,  at  Narragans(  t,  lie  sn^ 
"We  have  heard  of  two-and-twenty  Indian  captains,  slain  all  of  tluni, itinj 
brought  down  to  hell  in  on(!  day."  Again,  in  speaking  of  a  chief  who  luj 
sneeretl  at  the  English  religion,  and  who  had,  "  withal,  added  a  most  \\\An\h 
blas|)ii< my,  immediately  U|ion  which  a  bidlet  took  him  in  the  liond,  miil 
dashed  out  his  brains,  sending  his  cursed  soul  in  u  moment  ainuiigst  the 
devils,  and  blasphemers,  in  hell  forever."  f 

The  low  and  vulgar  ef»ithetsj  sneeringly  cast  upon  the  Indians  by  liaj, 
English  contemporari(!H  are  not  to  be  attributed  to  a  single  individual,  liiittu 
the  I^nglish  in  general.§  It  is  too  obvious  that  the  early  historians  viiHeil 
the  Indians  as  inferior  beings,  and  some  went  so  far  as  hardly  to  allow  tlum 
to  he  human. 

Lik((  Massasoit,  Philip  always  opposed  the  introduction  of  Cliiistiimitv 
among  his  people;.  When  Mr.  Eliot  urged  upon  him  its  great  iiii|)oitiiii(e, 
he  said  he  (;ared  no  more  for  the  gospel  than  he  did  for  a  button  upon  bis 
coat.  II  This  does  not  very  well  agree  with  the  account  of  Mr.  Colin, 
respecting  Philip's  feelings  upon  religious  matters;  at  least,  it  shows  tliai 
there  was  a  time  wlam  he  was  willing  to  list(!n  to  such  men  as  the  exci'llcut 
and  benevolent  Gookin.  In  s|»eaking  of  the  Wampanoags,  he  says,  "Tlicrt 
are  some  that  have  hop('s  of  their  gnsatest  and  chiefest  sachem,  nanied  Philifi. 
living  at  Pawkuimawkutt.  Some  of  his  chief  men,  as  I  hear,  stand  w.j: 
inclined  to  hear  the  gospel :  and  himself  is  a  person  of  good  uiiderstmidiii! 
and  knowledge  in  the  best  things.  I  have  heard  him  speak  very  good  wmk 
arguing  that  his  conscience  is  convicted:  but  yet,  though  his  will  is  bowed  to 
emi)race  Jesus  CVim/,  his  sensual  and  carnal  lusts  are  strong  bands  to  linlj 
liim  fiist  under  Satan's  dominiijn.i.'  '[  And  Dr.  Mather  adds,  "It  was  notions, 
belbrc  the  liand  which  now  writes,  [1700,]  upon  a  certain  occasion  took  oii' 
the  jaw  fiom  the  exposed  skull  of  that  blasphemous  leviathan;  and  tlit  ro- 
Downed  Samuel  Lee  hath  since  been  a  pastor  to  an  English  conjirppition, 
soimding  aivl  showii  g  the  praises  of  heaven,  unon  that  very  -;,»ot  ol' gioiuid, 
where  Philip  and  his  Indians  were  lately  worshipping  of  the  devil."** 

Tht!  error  that  Philip  was  grandson  to  Massasoit,  is  so  well  known  tok 
such,  that  it  would  hardly  seem  to  have  required  notice,  but  to  inform  the 


*  In  liis  "  Pfvalenry  of  Prayer,"  page  10.  t  H'iil.  Piili'" 

X  ^iicli  as  rfoT.v,  irolren,  hlimil-liniinils.  drmons,  derils-inca,  lat",  caitiff's,  liell-lioiimh,li(itii. 
monsli'in,  lifusls,  iVr.     Occasional  (|ii()tatioiis  will  show  what  aalhors  have  used  llicsu. 

^  Till'  aiuhor  of  '•  Indian  Talfs"  has  Catlieroii  all  he  could  think  of  upon  Mr.  IIMwrd.  I!( 
min/ /if- callod  upon  to  pomi.  out  liie  passatfc  in  that  valuable  author's  works  where  lie  lia 
called  one  or  (Uiij  of  the  Indians  "  hell-hounds."  Such  loose,  gratuitous  expressions  will  w 
do  at  liie  liar  of  history. 

II  i'M:i;;iialia. 

If  1  Coll  AToss.  I  fist.  Sor.  i.  200. 

**  .Mr.  I.ffl  was  taken  l)y  liic  Frenrli  in  a  voyasfc  to  Eastland,  and  carried  into  their  couiilrv, 
wliere  lie  iljod,   in  KiiM.     This  event,  il   was   lhou;;ht.  h.islened  his  end.     I'erli.ips  liif  <"'• 
vivin^;'  natives  diil   not  allrilaite  llie  disasler  lo   his  usurping  their  territory,  and  leaching  l  1 
religion  they  could  not  believe;  but  iniglit  ihev  "ol  with  equal  propriety  ? 


Chap-  H] 


LIFE  OF  KING   PHILIP. 


45 


ue   oni",  Ibr  tl,,. 
n-  oi'  tilt)  cliiifj 


I T  of  itH  origin.    The  following  passiage   froni   John   Josstlyn''s   work  * 
'^''iMn'siflPS  proving  liini  to  be  tlie  author  of  tin;  error,  at  least  tiic  Jirst  writer 
'     ilciioininatcH  him,  furnish  sojiie  vaUuilde  information.     Speaking  of 


I  iiinke  many  curious  works  with  tliem,  to  udorn  the  persons  of  their  sag- 
^"Oics  and  principal  men,  and  young  women,  as  belts,  girdles,  tablets,  borders 
".'''li,!j,.  ^voMU'ii's  hair,  bracelets,  necklaces,  and  links  to  hang  in  their  ears. 
IViiicc  Pkilip,  «  httle  before  I  came  lor  England,  [1G71,]  coming  to  Boston, 
Ida  (""at  on  and  buskuis  set  thick  with  these  beads,  in  pleasant  wild  works, 
■  11(1  a  broad  belt  of  the  same;  his  accoutrements  were  valued  at  £20.  The 
Fiii'lisli  merchant  giveUi  them  Ids.  a  fathom  for  their  whitt;,  and  as  much 
,i„in.  Or  near  upon,  for  tlieir  blue  beads."  "  The  roytelet  now  of  the  Pocau- 
■iki'tsis  i)rince  Philip,  alias  Metacon,  the  graudson  of  Massasoit." \ 

Willie  iMvs.  Rowlandson  was  a  caj)tive  in  the  wilderness  with  the  allies  of 
Philip  i^he  mentions  meeting  with  bun ;  and  although  she  speaks  often  with 
liittciiiVss  of  the  Indians  in  general,  yet  of  him  nothing  of  that  nature  appears 
ill  iier  journal.  The  party  she  was  with  visited  Philip  on  the  west  side  of 
tlie  Connecticut,  about  five  miles  above  Northfield,  tlien  called  Squakeag. 
Haviii"  arrived  at  the  point  of  crossing,  Mrs.  Rowlandson  says,  "  W  ^  must  go 
over  the  river  to  Philip's  crew.  When  I  was  in  the  canoe,  I  could  not  but  be 
•iiiiazed  at  the  numerous  crew  of  pagans  that  were  on  the  bank  on  the  other 
!;i,|c."  She  was  nuich  afraid  they  meant  to  kill  her  here,  but,  l)eing  assured 
to  the  contrary,  become  more  resigned  to  her  fate.  "  Then  came  one  of 
thi'iii,  (siie  »ays,)  and  gave  me  two  spoonfuls  of  meal  (to  comfort  me,)  and 
anotliir  "avc  me  half  a  pint  of  peas,  which  was  worth  more  than  many 
liuslit'ls  at  iinother  time.  Then  I  went  to  see  King  Philip ;  he  bade  me  come 
111  and  sit  clown  ;  and  asked  me  whether  I  wouhl  smoke  it ;  (a  usual  compli- 
ment now  a  days,  among  the  saints  and  simiers ;)  but  this  uo  ways  suited 

llU'."sN 

"During  my  abode  in  this  place,  Philip  spake  to  me  to  make  a  shirt  for 
Ills  liov,  which  I  did  ;  for  which  he  gave  me  a  shilling."  "  Afterward  he 
a.-k((l  111(3  to  make  a  cap  for  his  boy,  for  which  he  invited  me  to  dinner ;  I 
wont,  niul  he  gave  me  a  pancake,  about  as  big  as  two  fingers  ;  it  was  made 
i)t' paiclied  wheat,  beaten  and  fried  in  bears'  grease;  but  I  thought  1  never 
tiisied  pleasanter  meat  in  my  life."  |i 

It  is  extremely  gratifying  to  hear  any  testimony  in  favor  of  tlie  humanity 
of  a  chief  who  in  his  time  wn«  so  much  execrated.  To  say  the  least  of 
Vhilifs  humanity,  it  was  as  great  towards  captives,  so  far  as  we  have  any 
kinnviodge,  as  was  that  of  any  of  the  English  to  the  captive  Indians. 

As  the  Indians  were  returning  from  their  recesses  upon  the  Connecticut, 
ill  what  is  now  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont,)  towards  \Vachuset,  "having 
iiiiiccd  my  life,  (says  Mrs.  Rowandson,)  but  little  spirit,  PhiMp,  who  was  in  the 
1  ):ii|)aiiy,  came  up,  and  took  me  by  the  hand,  and  said, '  Two  weeks  more  and 
tpu  shall  be  mistress  againJ  I  asked  him  if  he  spoke  true  :  he  said, '  Yes,  and 
luirkhi you  shall  come  to  yotir  master^  again,^  who  had  been  gone  from  us 
iliiTu  weeks."  ** 

In  bringing  our  account  of  this  truly  great  man  towards  a  close,  we  must 
'i:'tl()igetto  present  the  reader  with  a  specimen  of  the  language  in  which  he 
i)(ik('.    The  following  is  the  Lord's  prayer  in  Wampanoag  : — 

Xoo-shun  kes-uk-qvi,  qut-tian-at-am-unch  koo-ive-su-onk,  kuk-ket-as-soo-tam- 
()':nk  p&j-au-moo-vich,    ktU-te-nan-tam-oo-onk    ne    nai,    ne-ya-ne    ke-suk-qvi 

Acrounl  of  two  Voyages  to  Now  Englanii,  142,  1 13. 

I  or  (his  he  was  inisiiit'onncd.  Tiiere  was  much  spurious  wampum,  which  became  a  sub- 
jivi  (il'lesfislation.     See  JIaxard's  Hist.  Co'.,  vol.  ii. 

;  .\c<'i)iml  oflwo  Voyap'S  to  [^!ew  Riip^!rin(i,  I'Wi.  He  is  also  culie.l  grandson  of  /t/a*«(i- 
''  '.  ;ii  ihc  \v(irk  ciitilleil  yri'sent  State  cf  New  En<rlav<i.  in  respect  to  llii'  Iitdiiin  War,  fol. 
I    iloii,  l(i7() ;  the  atidior  of  that  work  doubtless  copied  I'roin  Josselyn. 

0  X^ii;;ilii-e  of  her  CaptivUtj,  38,  2  J.  \\  Ibid.  40. 

',,  ^iuiiiiiapin.    See  his  .Life  **  Narrative  of  Mrs.  Rowlandson,  G3. 


r% 


'f'.;- 


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,.'■'■■  « ■ 


46  LIVES  OF  PHILIP'S  CHIEF  CAPTAINS.— NANUNTENOO.    [1),,,^^  j,, 

As-sa-ma-i-in-nt-an  ko-ko-ke-siik-o-da-e  nut-as-e-suk-ok-ki 


P'- 


hah  ohr-ke-it 

tuk-qun-neg.  Kah  ah-quo-an-tam-a-i-in-ne-an  num-match-e-se-unir-un-tjn-m^ 
rui-wutch-e.  ne-na-wun  ivonk  nut-ah-qito-an-tam-au-o-un-non-og  nish-noh  rmii. 
noo-na-nwn-tuk-quoh-ioho-nan,  kah  ahque  'ag-kom-pa-gin-ne-aii  en  (yu/c/i-e-L 
lu-ong-a-nit,  qut  poh-qua-ious-sin-ne-an  iviUcli  vmtch-i-tut* 

Since  we  are  ii|)on  curiosities,  the  following  may  very  projjcrly  l)c  addwi 
There  is  to  be  seen  in  the  library  of  the  Mass.  Hist.  Society  a  larffc  skiniinH, 
wJiich  some  have  mistaken  for  a  bowl,  cut  out  of  the  root  of  ash,  tljiit  wiii 
tiold  about  two  quiu'ts.  On  this  article  is  this  historical  inscription,  in  .-jit 
letters:  "*3  trophy  from  the  toisivam  o/"  King  Philip;  ivhen  he  w(is  skin !, 
1076,  by  Richard  ;  presented  by  Lbeiiezer  Richard,  his  grandson."  \ 


9H>9<t 


CHAPTER  m. 
LIVES  OF  PHILIP';    CHIEF  CAPTAINS. 

Nanuntenoo — Reasonf!  for  his  aiding  Philip — His  former  name — Meets  the  Enaliti 
and  Indians  under  Captain  Feirse — Fights  and  destroys  his  whole  company  ut  Kit- 
tucket — Incidents  relating  to  that  fight — JVotice  of  Captain  Peirse — JVanu/itenoo  sur- 
prised and  taken — His  magnanimity — Speech  to  his  captors — Is  executed  and  hi' 
body  burnt  —  Cassassinnamon  —  Cutapazet  —  Monopoide  —  Annawon  —  His  fjcqI 
from  the  swamp  token  Philip  was  killed — Captain  Church  sent  out  to  capture  liiin~ 
Discovers  his  retreat — Takes  him  prisoner — His  magnanimous  brhariur—Hij 
speech  to  Church — Presents  him  wit/i  Philip's  ornaments — Description  uf  tli(m~ 
Church  takes  Annaiconto  Plimouth,  where  he  is  put  to  death — Qu innai'in— //,i 
connections  and  marriage — Jit  the  capture  of  Lancaster — Account  of  his  wim~ 
Weetanioo — He  is  taken  and  shot — Tl'spaquin — His  sales  of  lands — His  ojim- 
lions  in  Philip's  War — Surrenders  himself,  and  is  put  to  death — Refections  nm 
his  executioners — Tatoson — Early  notices  of —  Captures  a  garrison  in  Pliju. 
outh — Trial  and  execution  of  Keiccenam — Totuson  dies  of  a  broken  heart— Bin- 
Kow  cruelly  murdered — Tyasks. 

NANUNTENOO,  son  of  Mianttinnomoh,  "  was  chief  sachem  of  all  the 
Narragansets,  and  heir  of  all  his  father's  pride  and  insolency,  as  well  as  ui 
his  malice  against  the  English."  |  Notwithstanding  this  branding  cliaiaeter, 
drawn  by  a  contemporary,  we  need  only  look  into  the  lil'e  of  Miantimmmk 
to  find  excuse  for  ''  malice  and  insoleucy  "  tenfold  more  than  Avas  coiitaineJ 
in  the  breast  of  JVanuntenoo. 

The  English  had  cut  to  pieces  the  women  and  children  of  his  tribe,  biiniH 
them  to  death  in  their  wigwams,  and  left  their  mangled  bodies  blcacliin^'  in 
the  wintry  blast !  The  swamp  fight  of  the  19  Dec.  1675,  could  not  \w  for- 
gotten !  Minuntenoo  escaped  from  this  scene,  but  we  cannot  doubt  tiiat  lie 
acquitted  himself  agreeably  to  the  character  we  have  of  him. 

The  first  name  by  which  he  was  known  to  the  English  was  CanoncM, 
though,  like  others,  his  name  was  written  with  many  variations.  In  l(i74,  lie 
was  styled  "chief  surviving  sachem  of  Narraganset,"  and  in  a  decdimviiirli 
he  was  so  styled  his  name  is  written  "  JSfatvnatonoantonnew  alias  Qiianawhlt, 
eldest  son  now  living  of  Miantomomio."  §  He  had  been  in  Boston  the  Ocin- 
ber  before  the  war,  upon  a  treat}',  at  which  time  he  received,  among  other 
prosents,  a  silver-laced  coat.  Dr.  Mather  says,  speaking  of  the  Narrucaiiscts, 
"their  great  sachem  called  Qttanonc/i€<,  was  a  principal  ringleader  in  the 
Narraganset  war,  and  had  us  great  an  interest  and  influence,  as  can  be  said  of 

*  Eliot's  India.i  Bible,  Luke  xi.  2-^. 

t  No  mention  is  made  to  whom,  or  when  it  was  presented.  It  does  not  appear  to  us  to  be 
of  surh  anti(]iiity  as  its  inscription  pretends  ;  and  the  trutli  of  which  may  very  reasonahlv  In 
questioned,  in  this  particular,  when  the  more  glaring  error  of  the  name  of  the  person  said  to 
have  killed  Philip,  is  staring  us  in  tiic  face. 

X  llmbard,  67. — Mr.  Oldmixon  calls  him  "  the  mighty  sachem  of  Narraganset,"— 5ril 
Emjnre. 

$  Potter's  Hist.  Narraganset,  Coll.  R.  Hist.  Soc.  iii.  172. 


OO.     [liooK  111 

z-suk-oli-kc  p,. 

-unir-un-un-dnh, 

nisli-nolt  jmsuk 

en  ijutdi-t-hd- 

j)erly  be  addid. 
.  lai-frc  skiimiiHr, 
;)t'  usli,  tlmt  Will 
icriptioii,  ill  ...jit 
I  he  w(is  slain  in 


NANUNTENOO.— PAWTUCKFT  FKJIIT. 


INS. 

-Meets  the.  Eii«Hsk 
e  compunij  at  Pqic- 
— Kanuiitrnoo  m- 
■h  executed  ami  hi 
AWON  —  HisFsmfi 
ut  to  capture  hm~ 
oils  beiKir'ior—Hij 
scription  uj  tlnm- 

— Qf  INNAl'lN— ifli 

unt  of  his  virff- 
lands — His  opm- 
h — Refections  tqm 
garrison  in  Pl'm- 
broken  /(Cflr(— Bar- 


acheni  of  nil  tlie 
ncy,  as  well  iii-  uf 
anding  clumicter, 
ot'  Mianlnnnoimk 
ail  was  coiitaiiKii 

his  tribe,  biinif'l 
dies  bleaching'  in 
ould  not  bo  for- 
ot  doubt  tlmt  lie 

n. 

ih  was  CanoncM, 

ons.  Ill  Iti'-l^  li« 
.  a  deed  in  wliicli 
alias  Qiiflnaticlii'. 
Boston  tlie  Ocio- 
'ed,  anioiifl  other 
the  Narrugmisets, 
•ingleader"  in  tlie 
as  can  be  said  of 


bt  appear  to  us  lobe 
L  very  rcasoiiaWy  l« 
bf  ihc  person  sa^  '« 

<arraganscl."-B"' 


„  jjj  1  iNAiNurM  ii!iAuu. — I'A  v\  1  uoivr.  1    riiiiii.  47 

.  nnion<'  tlie  Indians ;"  *  and  that,  "  when  he  was  taken  and  slain,  it  was  an 
rmiziii'^  f'troke  to  the  enemy." t 
'i'lie  nanio  of  Canonchet  stands  first  to  the  treaty,  to  which  we  have  just 
Ijiuicil  which  was  ei'*ered  into  at  Boston,  Iri  Oct.  I(i7."».  Jiy  tliat  tn-Jity,  tlie 
Vrra"»nsets  agreed  lo  deliver  to  the  Kiiglisli  in  10  days,  "all  and  euery  one 
ii'tlie~;<ai(i  Indians,  «  hether  belonging  vnto  Plulip,  tiie  I'orasset  Scjva,  or  the 
iiiiconett  Indians,  Quabaug,  Hadley,  or  any  other  sachems  or  people  that 
I  iiiic  bill  "'■  '""<'  '"  lioi^tdlitie  with  the  English,  or  any  of  their  allies  or  abet- 
t',rs"t    The  names  to  the  treaty  are  as  Ibllows  : 

"  Quana.xchf.tt's  \/  iiuirh, 
Witnesses.  sachtm  in  hthalf  of  himself  am\  f'onanacus  und  the  Old 

RiciKRU  Smith,  Queen  am  romham  and  Quaunapeen,     (seal) 

Joir.s  Browne,  ]Ma.\ata.\.\oo  coH?ife//er  his -\- 

.Joii  Et  GoRTO-v,  Jr.  mark,  and  Caniuniacus  in  his  hchtilf    (seal) 

Interpreters.  Ahanma.npowett'h -[- ;»(«/•<•, 

John  Nowiie.nett's  X  mark,  councellcr  and  his     (seal) 

Indian  interpreter.  Coknmax,  chcifft  couimllcr  to 

Ninnegrett,  in  his  behalfe,  and  a  seal  (S.)" 

Tilt;  Indians  having  carried  their  whirlwind  of  war  to  the  very  doors  of 
Pliiiimitli,  caused  the  sending  out  of  Captain  Peirce,  (or  as  his  name  is  uni- 
tmiiilv  in  the  l■ecord^^  Purse,)  n  divert  them  ii-om  thest;  ravagi>s,  and  destroy 
its  many  of  them  as  he  was  aide.  He  had  a  large  company,  consisting  of  70 
iiion  'iO  of  wlioni  wem  friendly  Indians.  With  theses,  no  doubt,  Peirsc 
tliniii'lit  liinib.     sale  agaii:st  any  ])ower  of  the  Indians  in  that  nsgion. 

Meanwhile  this  most  valiant  chief  ca{)tain  of  the  i\arragansets,  Aonim/e- 
tioo,^^  learning,  we  jiresume,  by  his  spies,  the  direction  the  English  were  tak- 
iiisr  a!?!!enibled  bis  warriors  at  a  crossing  place  on  Pawtueket  River,  at  a 
iMiiiit  adjacent  to  a  jilace  since  called  Mleboroiigh-Gore,  and  not  tiir  distant 
tioin  Pawtueket  tiills.  It  is  judged  tlmt  J\hniinienoo  was  upon  an  expedition 
to  attack  IMiniouth,  or  some  of  the  adjacent  towns,  for  his  force  was  estimated 
iitiiiiwardsofBOO  men. 

()i,  arriving  at  this  fatal  place,  some  of  JVaiiuntenoo^s  men  showed  them 
Hclvi's  retiring,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river.  This  stratageiu  succeed- 
^>t\,—Pcirse  followed.  ||  No  sooner  was  he  ii|»on  the  wcsstern  side,  than  the 
wanidis  of  jVamintenoo,  like  an  avalanche  liom  a  mountain,  rushed  down 
ii|iiiii  liini;  nor  striving  tor  coverts  from  which  to  fight,  more  than  their  Iocs, 
|ljii:lit  tlieni  face  to  face  with  the  most  determined  bravery. 

A  jiait  oiWanunlenoo^s  force  remained  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  to  pre- 
vent the  retreat  of  the  English,  which  they  most  eft'ectiially  did,  as  in  the 
wilt  will  apjiear.  When  Captain  Peirse  saw  himself  benuned  in  by  iium- 
iicis  on  every  side,  he  drew  up  his  men  upon  the  margin  of  the  river,  in  two 
ranks,  back  to  back,1fandin  this  manner  fought  until  nearly  fill  ol'them  were 
sjjiiii.  Peirse  had  timely  sent  a  messenger  to  Providence  for  assistance,  and 
aitlidui'h  the  distance  could  not  have  been  more  than  six  or  eight  miles,  ii-om 
smiio  inoxplicable  cause,  no  succor  arrived  ;  and  Mr.  //i/iiwt/ **  a(hls,  "  As 
Siilonion  saith,  a  faithful  messenger  is  as  snow  in  iianest." 

Tliis  (Ireadfni  tight  was  on  Sunday,  2G  March,  Iti/li,  when,  as  Dr.  Mather 
!  Kivs, " Capt.  Peirse  was  slain  and  forty  and  nine  English  with  him,  and  eight, 

more,)  Indians,  who  did  assist  the  English."    The  Rev.  Mr.  jWuv/wm  of 
I  Ri  liobotli  wrote  a  letter  to  Plimouth,  dated  the  day  aller  tho  slaughter,  in 


*  Brief  Hist.  t^.  t  Prevalency  of  Prayer,  11. 

:  Ii  may  he  seen  at  large  in  Hazard's  Collections,  i.  536,  537. 

}  Thai  Nanuntenoo  commanded  in  person  in  the  fight  wilh  the  forre  under  Capt.  Peirse  has 
[b«en  a  qiieslion  ;  indeed,  our  only  aulhorily  is  not  very  explicit  upon  the  matter.  (Ilnhliard, 
|Posiscrij)t  7.)  who  observes  lliat  when  Denison  surprised  him,  he  "  was,  at  that  moment, 
jdiveriizing  himself  with  the  recital  of  Capt.  Peirse's  slaughter,  surprized  by  his  men  a  few 
iday?  before." 

'!  Dr.  Mather  (Brief  Hist.  24.)  says,  "  a  small  number  of  the  eneir ,'  who  in  desperate 
tiutnli'ty  ran  away  from  them,  and  they  went  limping  to  make  tlie  Liigli  m  believe  they  were 
[lame,"  and  thus  effected  their  object. 

H  Deane's  Hist.  Sciluate,  121.  "*  Narrative,  G4. 


m 

ilf.lfipR-'.ili'il 

.■.•.■'■*''.?^''''..'?f'y 


fmm 


i4*     s  K.V.  ,."  'ii»iv 


I 


mm 

mm 


I 


t 


i 


•  tt' 


.     ^*^l 


.¥:'. 


,0*  Vi 


f.iii 


HI" 


48 


NANUNTENOO.— PAWTUCKET  FIGHT. 


[Book  III 


fmi' 


which  he  snys,  "52  of  our  P^nplish,  nml  11  Indiana,"  were  slain.*  Tho  pn,„. 
pany  was,  no  (i»)iil)t,  increased  by  some  wiio  volunteered  as  they  iiiarplici 
tliroujih  the  country,  or  by  such  as  were  taken  i'or  pilots. 

.Y«)n(n/(noo'.?  victory  was  eotn|»lete,  l)Ut,  as  usual  on  such  occasions,  tlu 
En^fjisli  consoled  themselves  by  makinj;  the  loss  of  the  Indians  a|i|i('iir  a^. 
lar^^!  as  possible.  Dr.  Mather  says,  that  some  Indians  that  were  altciwnnl. 
taken  confessed  they  lost  140,  which,  no  doubt,  is  not  far  from  the  triitli.i 

An  En>:lishman,  and  perhaps  li.e  ordy  one  who  escaped  Irom  tiii.s  djin.. 
trous  fight,  was  saved  by  one  of  the  friendly  Indiatu)  in  this  manner;  T|„ 
friendly  Indian  beiiiK  taken  for  a  Narraganset,  as  he  was  pnrswinf;  with ,,; 
iiplitled  tomaha'vk  the  English  soldier,  no  one  interfered,  seeing  liim  |iiir« , 
nn  unarmed  Englishman  at  such  great  advantage.  In  this  manner,  covdin, 
themselves  in  th(!  woods,  they  »!sca|>cd. 

A  friendly  Indian,  being  i)ur8ued  by  one  of  JSTanuntenoo^s  men,  got  liiliiiKi 
the  roots  of  a  fallen  tree.  Thus  screened  by  the  earth  raised  upon  tiicin,;!,, 
Indian  that  pursued  waited  tor  him  to  run  from  his  natural  fort,  knowin;-],, 
would  not  dare  to  maintain  it  long.  The  other  soon  thought  of  im  ny. 
dienl,  which  was  to  make  a  jjort-hole  in  his  breas-t-work,  whicii  he  ciisihili,; 
by  digging  through  the  dirt.  When  he  had  done  this,  he  put  liis  ;;ii[ 
through,  and  shc^  liis  i)ursuer,  then  fled  in  perfect  salety. 

Another  escaped  in  a  manner  very  similar.  In  his  flight  lie  got  boliinj  i 
large  rock.  This  afforded  iiim  a  good  shelter,  but  in  the  end  he  saw  iioihii. 
but  certain  death,  and  the  longer  lie  held  out  the  more  misery  he  must  siititr. 
Jn  this  deplorable  situation,  lie  bethought  himself  to  tiT  the  iijllowiii;;  i\vm. 
Putting  his  cap  upon  his  gun,  he  raised  it  very  gradually  above  the  rock,  a, 
though  to  discover  the  position  of  his  enemy :  it  had  the  desired  effici-l- 
fired  upon  it.  The  one  behind  the  rock  now  rushed  upon  him,  before  k 
could  reload  bis  gun,  and  despatched  him.  Thus,  as  Mr.  Hubbard  sjiys,  '•ii  t 
worth  the  noting,  what  faithfulness  and  courage  some  of  the  Christina  him 
showed  in  this  fight."  That  this  most  excellent  author  did  not  approve  of  |},( 
severity  exerciseil  towards  those  who  api)eared  friendly,  is  abundantly  provfli 
by  his  writings.  In  another  i)lace  he  says,  "  Possibly  if  some  of  tiie  r,ii|;li>i: 
had  not  been  too  vshy  in  making  use  of  such  of  them  as  were  well  atlictcil  k 
their  interest,  they  never  need  have  suffered  so  much  from  their  eneiiiit!'," 

A  notice  may  be  reasonably  expected  of  the  unfortunate  Captain  Mkkm 
Peirse,  of  Scituate.  lie  was  one  of  those  adventurous  spirits  "  wlio  mvet 
knew  fear,"  and  who  sought  rather  than  shrunk  from  dangei-s.  lie  wiLslike 
his  great  antagonist,  in  the  NaiTaganset  fight ;  and  in  1673,  when  die  govim- 
ment  of  Plimoutii  raised  a  force  to  go  (igainst  the  Dutch,  who  had  eiicromlW 
upon  them  in  Connecticut,  he  was  appointed  ensign  in  one  of  the  cnm|t;iiiif!. 
He  resided  in  several  places  before  going  to  Plimouth.  Mr,  Deane,  in  in 
Hislonj  of  Scituate,  gives  a  genealogical  account  of  his  family,  from  wliirliw 
learn  tliat  he  had  a  second  wife,  and  several  sons  and  dauglitei-s.  Of  wk 
family  he  was,  there  is  no  mention.|  He  possessed  considerable  esuite,aiiii 
made  his  will  on  engaging  in  the  war  with  the  Indians. 

The  "sore  defeat"  of  Cai)tain  Peirse,  and  the  tide  of  the  Indians'  success«  | 
about  this  time,  caused  the  United  Colonies  to  send  out  almost  their  wli 
strength. 

JVanuntenoo  came  down  from  the  country  upon  Connecticut  River,  earh  ii 
Mart  h,  for  the  purpose  of  collecting  seed  corn  to  plant  such  ground  as  lin 
English  had  been  driven  from,  and  to  effect  any  other  object  he  niigiit  me«| 
with.  Whether  he  had  effected  the  first-named  object  before  failing  in  «ii' 
Peirse,  we  are  not  able  to  state ;  but  certain  it  is,  that  he  was  but  few  <lays  afer  I 
encamped  very  near  the  ground  where  the  fight  had  been,  and  was  there  falki  I 


*  See  tlic  letter  giving  the  nnmes  of  the  company  in  Dearie's  Scituate,  122,  123. 

t  Mr.  Hubbard's  account  is  the  same.  „,  . 

{  III  the  Reconls  of  Plimouth,  under  date  March,  1(>()9,  there  is  this  entry :— "^''f" I 
Peirsr  of  Sciltnatc"  was  presented  at  the  court  for  vnseemly  carriages  towards  »Si<ni/i  M'WI 
of  Scittuatc,"  and  "  rorasniuch  as  there  appeared  but  one  testimony  to  ilie  p'seiitim'iit.  an^  I 
that  the  testimony  was  written  and  not  read  vnio  the  deponanl,  Uie  court  saw  cause  lo  reii>| 
the  said  p'sentment." 


111.]        NANUNTRNOO— HIS  CAPTURi;   AM)   DEATIF. 


49 


tiiU 


.n\ 


Cii'.p 

upon  at  iinnwai't's,  when  but  a  frvv  of  liis  rin'ii  wcro  iirosciit,  imd  tlicn 

]»i'i>oiM'r. 

S'iputntcnoo  was  iirarly  as  iinicli  (Ircadcd  as  Philip  liirnscir,  and  consrijin'titly 
lii."  ciiiiliiii'  causcfl  great  rcioicinf,'  aiiiunf,'  liis  cneiiiics,  and  rciinircs  to  lie  \mr- 
tiiiildi-lv  ivlatfd. 

I'oiu'  volniitcer  r(ini|)anirs  from  (/Dnnccticiit  licf^an  tlicir  rnarcli  into  the 
cnciin's  i-niintry  the  next  day  al^er  I'aulneket  tifrht.  Anionjj  tlie  captains 
(it' iliiVe  iMHiipanios,  Genrftc  Dcnistiii  ot'  Soiitherton  was  tlie  most  rons|iicn<His. 
'I'lic  otlici"s  were  eonnnanil'Ml  \>\  Jiiincs. 'inn/,  John  Stdunlon,  i\\)i\  .Major  I'iilnm, 
wild  iilsi)  liad  tlie  chief  eoinniand.  With  these  were  three  coni|i;niiis  of 
ImliiiMs;  one  led  hy  OnfAro,  composed  of  IMoiie<fans  ;  on(!  of  l'e(|iiots,  i)y  (Vm- 
sdsiitimnwti ;  and  the  other  ol'  iNiantieks,  hy  (.'nUtpiizrl ;  in  all  ahoiit  HO. 

\\li('!i  this  formidahie  army  came  near  to  .V«)ii//i/(»oo','j  camj),  on  the  tirst 
«rik  ill  April,  l<>7(!,  "they  met  with  a  stout  Indian  of  tiie  eneniie's,  whom  they 
pirsiiilly  slew,  and  two  old  stpiaws,"  who  inf()rmed  them  ol"  tin'  situation  of 
Xiinunkiwo.  At  the  same  time,  their  own  seontshroni^ht  the  same  intellijrcnct!. 
Till'  iit'ws  of  the  enemy's  approach  reached  the  chief  in  his  tent  when  hut 
s\(ii  iif  hi''  men  were  al»oul  him  ;  the  rest  were  prol>al)ly  in  the  neiuhhorhood 
Hit'iiiliiii?  to  their  ordinary  aliiiirs.  And  al!houf,di  he  iiad  stationed  two  senti- 
iiils  iipeii  an  adjacent  hill,  to  <rive  Jiim  timely  notice  if  any  ap|)eared,  their 
siinirisc  was  so  great,  at  the  sudden  ai)proach  «)f  the  l'",nglish,  that,  in  thi'ir 
fiiL'lil,  tiiey  ran  hy  their  sachem's  wigvvam,  "as  if  they  wanted  time  to  tell 
wli.it  llu'V  saw."  Seeing  this,  the  sachem  sent  a  third,  lo  learn  the  cause  of 
till' llijrlit"  of  the  two  first,  hut  he  fled  in  the  same  manner;  and  lastly  he  sent 
two  niiire,  one  of  which,  "  either  endued  with  more  courage',  or  a  hetter  sense 
of  his  duty,  informed  him  ill  gr«'at  haste  that  all  the  I'uglish  army  was  upon 
liiiii :  wlien'iipon,  having  iif)  time  to  consult,  and  hut  little  to  attempt  an  escape, 
ami  Mil  means  to  (leti'iid  himself,  he  began"  *  to  tly  with  all  speed.  Unuuing 
with  irrcat  swiftness  around  the  hill,  to  get  out  of  sight  u|)ou  the  ojtposite  side, 
lie  was  (iistinguished  by  his  wary  |)ursuers,  and  they  immediately  f()llowcd 
liiiii  with  that  eagerness  tli<'ir  important  object  was  calculated  to  inspire. 

Tlii 'piii"siiers  of  the  flying  cluef  wen^  Catapazrt  tuu[  his  Nianticks,  "and  a 
fu  (if  the  Knglish  lightest  of  fi)ot."  Seeing  these  were  gaining  upon  him,  he 
fir<t  cast  off  iiis  blanket,  then  his  silver-laced  coat,  and  lastly  his  bi'lt  of  peag. 
On  sn'iiig  these,  a  doubt  no  longr'r  renuuned  of  its  being  JVitnuntenoo,  which 
iia'cd  iheiii,  if  ])ossible,  fiister  in  the  cliase.  Then'  was  in  tlu^  company  uf 
Cnldjinzet,  on(>  Monopoidc,  a  Pecpiot,  who  outran  all  his  com|)anions,  and  who, 
riiiiiiiir  upon  ATanunknoo,  as  he  fled  u|)()n  the  side  of  the  river,  obliged  him  to 
at!  iiiltt  to  cross  it  sooner  than  he  intended.  Nevertheless,  but  for  an  accident 
ill  his  jiiissage,  he  would  dou!)tless  have  effected  his  escapi'.  As  he  was  wu- 
diii.Mhrdiigli  the  river,  his  |()ot  slipped  n|)on  a  stone,  which  brought  his  gun 
111!  li- water.  Thus  losing  some  time  in  recovering  himselt",  and  also  the  use 
«!  his  gun,  it  i»robably  made  him  despiiir  of  escaping;  fi>r  Monopouk  came 
ii|iMiii|  seized  ujion  him,  "  within  :{0  rods  of  the  river  si<l<'." 

Xnmintenoo,  having  made  up  his  mind  to  surrender,  made  no  resistance, 
al!iiMii:!i  he  was  a  man  of  great  physical  strengili,  of  su|terior  stature,  and 
BikiKiwIedged  bravery ;  and  th(M)ne  who  seized  upon  him  very  ordinary  in 
tli'i  respect.     One  of  the  first  Englishmen  that  came  up  was  Robert  Slnunton, 

yniiig  mati,  who  ])resumed  to  ask  the  captiireil  chief  some  fpiestions.     He 


A\S\\  r,R."  And,  adds  ]Mr.  Huhhrird,  he  "  was  as  good  as  his  word  :  acting 
111  i'lii,  as  if,  by  a  Pi/tharrorcan  metempsychosis,  some  (dd  Roman  ghost  had 
Ipi  -oscd  tlie  body  of  tliis  wi'stern  pagan.     And,  like  JUlilius  Ii£gulus,\  he 

liiK  ol(<2;;iiit  pnssnif(;    of  IMr.    IIiilih<ir<l  Nriiiir-^   I"  our   iniiid   that    inimilnlije   one   of 

■'■''"(),  ill  |ii<  ai'coiiiit  of  lh(.'  wofiil  (l:\ys  of  ilic  Mfxicniis  ;  '■  'Chcy  liiid  ncilhcr  arms  to 

■I  ilic  miihiliKlc  iiiid   fury   of  llicir  ciK'iiiic^.  slrcris;tli  lo  ih'fcinl   ihcuix'lvcs,  nor  spncf  to 

'  •  '  111  ;  the  ijrodiid  of  llir   city  was  covprt'd  willi  dead   hodips,  and   llic   walor  of  vvv,ty 

<''  I  MiHil  imrplcd  widi  lilood.      Uisl   M\rici<,  iii.  7.5. 

^:ii  Atliliiis  lieguius,  a  Roman  consul   and  general,  taken  prisoner  by  the  Cartha- 
5 


/^f 


1*  ,"■  ■    ■'  <    ■   I 


'•  is  ■•■':!  ■'•"v| 

\  ■"■  .'i(    .  ■  .1 

Mm 

'■Mm 


;y^c:r 

! 

"'.'fij^  ■■ . 

"■  ^i 

Mm. 

h 

mm 


.« 


50 


NANUNTENOO. 


[Boog  HI 


would  not  ncfopt  of  his  own  lifo,  when  it  wnw  tcndnroil  liim."  Thi><  tf  iuNn,! 
life  to  .Yaiiunlcnno  wfis,  no  doiiiir,  upon  the  condition  of  jiisolitainiricr  tl,,.  ^,,1, 
niissioii  of  his  nation.  Mr  met  thr  idea  with  indignation;  and  ^Nlnrir, 
Kn;.disli  told  him  tliat  ho  shoultl  he  put  to  death  if  h<;  did  not  eouiply,  in  i|, 
most  <-oniposed  manner  he  replied,  that  killinir  lum  would  not  einj  t||,.  ^^.,, 
Some  of  his  captors  endeavored  to  reflect  njtou  him,  by  tellin>:  jiini,  tl,,,,  ,,, 
had  said  he  woidil  Inirn  the  Etifrlish  in  their  horise.t,  t\i\i\  that  he  Jiad  ii(ii|,|,, 
in  defiance  of  his  pronuse  last  made  to  the  Ent'lisli,  \vhi(di  was  to  dclivi  r  Mi 
WampanoafTs  to  lliem,  that  he  would  not  deliver  up  a  f(iiwp'i»oit<r  o/-  Ih  n,:f]„.. 
of  a  }yitmp(inotti^''s  nail.  To  this  he  oidv  re|)lied,  "O'l'llKUS  \\  I'.HI'  \^ 
KutWAHl)  FOR  'I'llE  WAR  AH  AH  SELF,  AND  1  DESlKi:  10  III  \h 
NO  iMOIlE  AHOFT  IT." 

Had  thi^  Eufrlish  not  hnrned  his  poo|)le  in  their  houses?  Did  tlicyiv.r 
deliver  uj)  any  that  had  couunitted  depredations  upon  the  Narrajransits-  \,; 
— Who,  then,  will  ask  for  an  excuse  (itr  tlx;  ma;rnnnimous  JViinuntcmn!  >„ 
indi'rnant  was  he  at  their  conduct,  diat  he  would  lit<ar  nothin^r  alidiit  |U';i<,; 
"refusinij  to  send  an  old  counsellor  of  his  to  make  any  motion  that  >vav,".; 
a  promise  of  life  if  lu^  would  do  so. 

Under  the  vyc.  nl' Denison,  JS/anuntenoo  was  taken  to  Stonifirptoii.  win., 
by  the  "advice  of  the  Eiifrlish  commanders,  In;  was  shot."  Ills  jicul  «„> 
cut  off  and  carried  to  Hartford,  and  his  hody  consumed  hy  fire.     Tlie  Kii^li,;; 

Rrevaih'd  upon  some  of  each  tribe  of  their  allies,  viz.  Pecpiots,  Moliciraiisiii,! 
lianticks,  to  be  his  executioners,  "  thereby  the  more  firiidy  to  eiiL'iiL't' il^ 
said  Indians  a<;ainst  the  treacherous  Narrajransets."  *  "Herein,"  sm 
another  writer t  of  that  day,  "the  Enirlish  dealt  wisely, for  by  this  niiniiMi.' 
three  Indian  nations  are  become  abominable  to  the  other  Indians."  Ainl  a 
resp(!ctablc  writer  |  of  our  own  times  says,  "  It  may  be  pleasing  to  the  mitt 
to  be  informed  "  of  the  fate  of  jVtinimtenoo  ! 

When  it  was  aimounced  to  the  noble  chief  that  be  trnist  be  put  to  dcul), 
he  was  not  in  the  least  daunted,  and  idl  Ik;  is  report»;d  to  have  saiil  is  tlii<  - 

"I  LIKE  IT  WELL  ;  I  SHALL  DIE  BEFORE  MY  HEART  IS  SOFT 
OR  HAVE  SAID  ANY  THING  UNWORTHY  OF  MYSELF."  Wiia 
JSTammtenoo,  fell  into  the  hand.s  of  the  En<rlisli  4:J  others.  § 

The  author  of  tlur  anonymous  ^^Ldtera  to  London"  ||  says  the  Indians  \vh[« 
"ronunanded  l)y  that  famous  but  very  hloudy  and  cruel  sachem,  ({uoimnM 
otlu'rwise  called  Miptntonomi/"  whose  "carriage  was  stran<;(;ly  itroiiil  mi 
lofly  afler  he  was  taken  :  bein<j  examined  why  he  did  foment  that  war,  wliHi 
woidd  certainly  be  the  <lestniction  of  him  and  all  the  heathen  Indiiiih  i:; 
the  country,  &c.,  he  would  make  no  other  reply  to  any  interrofratdriis I",; 
this:  that  he  was  born  a  |)riuce,  and  if  princes  came  to  speak  with  liiiniie 
would  answer,  but  none  present  being  such,  Ik^  thought  himself  olilii'd,!! 
honor,  to  hold  his  tongue;"  and  that  he  said  he  would  rather  die  thm 
remain  a  prisoncM'.  and  recpiested  that  Oneio  might  put  him  to  death,  ii>k 
was  of  equul  rank.  "  Yet  withall  threatened,  he  hail  2000  men,  [who]  wmV. 
revenge  his  death  severely.  Wheref()re  our  forces,  fearing  an  escajic,  piitllw 
stoutest  men  to  the  sword,  hut  preserved  Myantonomij  till  they  retiinndu 
Stoneington;  where  our  Indian  friends,  and  most  of  the  English  sdldinv 
declaring  to  the;  commainlers  their  fear  that  the  English  should,  iijion  c  li- 
ditions,  release  him,  and  that  then  he  would,  (though  the  Engli^sli  iidii 

ffinians,  251  years  15.  C.     They  sent  him  lo  Rfime  to  use  iiis  endeavors  to  piTcct  apeafe.b'l 

his  siilcmn  promise  lo  rolnru  wfliiiii  a  given  ))erio(i.     'I'he  most  excruoiatinir  tornirt's  n«T!i. 

him,  sliould  he  not  exooiile  his  mission  accortlmir  lo  his  instructions.     Wlien  arrived  at  liic 

he  exiiorled  his  couiilryiiien   to   holdout,   and   maintain   the  war  asjainst  the  ('ard]a?inia:/ 1 

stating  their  siti\alion,  and  the  groat  advanlagcs  that  would  aecrue.     He  knew  wliai  ""'■I 

be  his  fate  on  returning  to  ( "arthage,  and  many  a  nolile  Roman  besought  iiim  not  to  mi.-.  | 

and  thus  sacrifirc  his  life  ;  but  lie  woidd  not  break  his  promise,  even  with  his  l)nrlmri)ii-'  ■ 

mics.     This  is  what  is  meant  by  not  nrcepting  his  own  life  when  tendered  him.     Ilcri'lunr 

and,  if  history  be  true,  no  hidiiui  nation  ever  tortured  a  prisoner,  bevond  what  lliel'sri>l 

ginians  inflicted  upon  Afarciis  Alliliiis  Reixnliis.     See  Echani's  Rnman  Hist.  i.  IRS— '.'■ 

*  Itnhbard.  t  /•  ^M>ith^r.  {  JMvie,  Hist.  Sciliialc,  lit 

$  Manuscript  letter  in  Hist.  Library.     Both  Hidibard  and  Mather  say  44  j  perhaps  they  ;3-l 

eluded  Nanuntenoo. 

II  i:^lsewhere  cited  as  The  O'd  Indian  Chronicle. 


oi.»p.  i/ri 

have  peace  \vi 
MS  tin'  sn'u\  Ii 
llicrs  he  had  (i 
all  iiiiirht  slmn 
llic  idilii.''firiiiii 
cut  oil'  his  hen 
lii'i'  ami  hiiriUM 
Kiii'lish,  presei 

.ixxiffuy 

.vi'ljors  and  i'a|) 
\\:i>  a  licairi  of 
iic  ;m\c  liiinsell 
iiii.'a('C(iiint. 

At  the  s\vaMi| 

a.<  has  heen  rel 

enemies.     "Per 

llie  swamp,  fack 

;'reat  sin-ly  old  ( 

I'A  l-o')-t(ish.    ( 

wlio  that  was  tin 

(:n  at  captain,  ca 

"Captain  Chui 

(if  I'liHip,]   befitr 

(dd  .IniKiwon,  PI 

ilieir  Woods,   aiii 

Swaiisey.    Capta 

to  ('ii!.'iii.'c  in  OIK! 

so  poor,  he  fi.'ared 

a  lieni'ly  fi-ieiKl  to 

old  lieiifeimiif,  an 

tlieiii  how  tiK'  cas 

Mimcon^s  walk  a 

w.iiit  much  entre 

llieic  was  an  Iiali; 

ivoods  to  Pocasset 

III  tlie  early  jn 

fcoiiis  raptured  a 

I'oiild  Icurii  notliiji 

jildce." 

''.NW  a  certain 

t>en"  },is  side,  pi 

iiitlicr,  who,  he  sai( 

tin  other  than  a  y 

i  tiiiiikiiig  it  might  b 

«i  taking  one  En 

I  I'i'i''',  he  went  witi 

[  tlif  swamp,  he  hid 

Hits  11(1  .sooiK!r  gone 

wit  of  tin;  woods,  II 

one  side  of  the  tr 

IfMiermakiiigalK) 

I 'iiim;   hut  while  the 

'  towards  them, 
OM  Ids  shoulder,  and 
I'.V    They  let  them 
1 01  tlii'iii  both.     Can 
Itli'iiiwhat  thevmiiv 
hvoMiaii  whatcompa 
|"wiV    He  asked  h 

*  This  seems  to  u 
t  lliesoaof^ita 


[Hook  III 

Tliis  tciiilcr  iif 
HinliiL'  till'  vii|,. 

mill  vlini  !' 

(•()in|ily,  ill  i! 
>t  <'nil  tlic  w.r 
)>:  liim,  iltiii  ,;. 
he  liuil  Ihiiimh, 

IS  to  (IrliviT  '1, 

nt<!  or  Ihi  /ici'i'ii  • 
KS  WV.WV.  \^ 

IHK  'roiir.\K 

Dill  tlii'V  IV. r 
rnifraiisits  •  Nm' 
fiinuntcnon!  >•< 
iiifi  aliimt  pt'iiiv; 
uii  timt  \vay"ii: 

oiiiliptoii,  \s\\']\ 
."  llislirail'.M. 
re.  Tlif  Kiii'liMi 
ts,  Moln'iriuisiiri! 

IV    to    CIlL'ilL'l'  tW 

'"llerciii,"  su, 
by  this  iiii'iiib  li:.; 
Indians."  Ami  a 
iHing  to  the  nmlit 

ist  he.  ])nt  to  diii'.i. 
live  said  is  till"  •- 
IEARTlr*:^t)lT 

lYSELF."    W;. 

s  tht'  liidiiins  wnr 

idu'ni,  ({iwmmy. 

[Hiijrely  iiroiiil  111  i 

111  tiiat  war.wlii'i: 

iciithcMi  Iiiiliiiii>  i:. 

|iiit«'n'0}ratiirii'sl":'. 

jpeak  witli  \m !;« 

[inuisflt'  olihi"Vi.i!i 

Ihl  rather  dii'  iI'M 

liin  to  dentil,  as  lie 

men,  [who]  wml'':  1 

uu  escui»e,  l)iii  i''^  1 

jdl  tlirvretiiriiHlwl 

e  En-jlishsiililitrv 

should,  iil>oii  '■'"■ 

lie  Eiigli^li  n^H 

lrstoolTcclaiie.vf.'' 
tiatintj  tormros  n«  ii-- 
IVheii  arrivrilailvr- 
Inst  llio  ('nrilw!"ii'^' 
llle  knew  wIkh  ""■■ 
lu^hl  him  not  lo  rfii' 
Ivithliis  harliaroiiM'i 
Ircdhim.  Ilcretumrtl 
i-on<l  wl.at  tlio    'W^l 

I,  Hist.  Scimaic.  !•» 
by  4^1;  perliaps  il"^; "  I 


("HAP 


nil 


AN.\.\\Vi)N. 


51 


haw  I 


leai'i 


•  willi  liiiM,)  Im!  vei'v  pcrnicioiis  to  those  Indi.'iiis  that  now  assisted 


d  the 


ndsehiets  and  iinir- 
,*     And  that 


;  III,,  said   Indians,  (on  these  consideriitinns,  and 

'.|>  lie  iiad  done  din'inir  this  war,)  |irriiiitt('d  to  jiiit  him  to  tieatii 

it  siiare  in  the  <iUtv\'  of  desiniN  inir  so  irre.it  a  prinee,  and  eomc  under 
n"-ation  ol'  lidelity,  eaeji  to  other,  the  Peipiods  shot  him,  the  Mohe^'ins 


nil  III 
(lie  I 


•111  oil' iiis  head  and  <|iiartered  his  hody,  and  the  A7Hni'm;/?,«  men  made  tin 
III,,  and  hiirned  his  (piarti-rs,  ami,  as  a  token  of  tlieir  love  and  (idcdily  t(t  tiie 
Vii.'iish,  jiresented  iiis  head  to  the  eoiineii  at  Hartford!" 

/.V.V.y/' ^AV*  was  a  \Vam|ianoai;-,  and  one  ol'  Plilli/)\<<  most  famous  eoiiii- 
si.||('irs  and  eii|>tains.  He  was  his  tiist  friend,  and  I'esisted  as  loni,'  as  then3 
\\;,<aiieain  of  liope  ;  and  when  at  last  every  eiianee  of  sneeess  had  liiiled, 
li,.  .r;ive  himself  up  in  the  most  heroic  maimer,  as  will  u|tpcar  in  the  follow- 

jiiir  arcoiiii'-  _  _ 

"\t  tlic  swamp,  when  Pkitip  was  killed,  he  csenped  with  most  of  his  men, 
•(.i  has  lieeii  related,  l)y  his  thoroiijrhly  niiderstandinji'  the  siiiiation  id'  hid 
(■iiiiiiies.  "Perceiviiifr  (says  ('fci<r<7i)  they  were  waylaid  on  the  cast  side  of 
ill,' swamp,  tacked  short  about.  Oim"  of  tlie  enemy,  who  seemed  to  he  a 
.rrt'iit  sarlv  old  lillow,  hallooed  with  a  h)Md  voice,  and  (db-n  called  out,  l-oo- 
luih.  l-o')-li'sli.  ("aj>tain  Church  called  to  his  Indian /V/fr,f  a!id  asked  him 
\\|i,illiat  was  that  calh'd  so.  Ife  answered  that  it  was  old  .himtwim,  I'hillp^s 
irpiii  caiitain,  callinjr  on  his  soldiers  to  stand  to  it,  and  tiirlit  stonily." 
''  "('a|itaiu  Church  had  been  but  little  wliih^  at  I'limonth,  [alb-r  the  de-ith 
1,1' />/,;//m  ]  before  a  post  Irom  Uehohoth  came  lo  inlt)rm  the  <rovernor  that 
(ill!  .hinawon,  Philip^s  chi(d'  captain,  was  with  his  company  ramriiifj  al»ont 
lliiir  woods,  mid  was  very  otfensivo  and  perifu'ions  to  Kehoboth  and 
J.!\vaiisev.  Captain  Church  was  immediattdy  sent  liir  ajraiii,  and  treated  with 
tdciiiraire  ill  on(M'\pedition  more,  lie  t<dd  them  their  eiiconrajreiiK-nt  wius 
i,iipiior,  lie  feared  his  soldiers  would  be  dull  abont  ^'oin^r  a^'ain.  IJiit  heing 
!i  iicarty  friend  to  th"  cause,  he  rallies  ajrain,  jroes  to  Mr.  Jahez  Howlanil,  his 
(il,|  lieiiteiiaiit,  and  some  of  his  soldiers  that  used  lo  jro  out  with  him,  told 
thrill  Imsv  the  case  was  circumslaiiced,  and  that  he  had  iiitellifren<;(!  of  old 
Wn/iwon's  walk  and  haunt,  and  wanted  hands  to  limit  him.  They  did  not 
wiiiit  iiiiich  entreatiiifr,  hut  told  him  they  would  jr«<  with  him  as  long  as 
there  was  an  Indian  leil  in  the  woods.  He  moved  und  raiig(;d  through  the 
woods  to  Pocasset." 

Ill  the  early  jHirt  of  this  expedition,  some  of  Capttiin  Church's  Indian 
fcniits  raptured  a  mmiber  of  Jlnnawoii's  company,  but  from  whom  they 
criiilil  leurn  nothing  of  the  old  chief,  only  that  he  did  not  lodge  "  twice  in  a 
plaee." 

'•  Now  a  certain  Indian  soldier,  that  Captain  Church  had  gained  over  to 
he  0"  lis  siile,  jirayed  that  he  might  have  liberty  to  go  and  fi^tidi  in  Ida 
lather,  who,  he  said,  was  about  four  miles  from  that  jilace,  in  a  swamp,  with 
im  other  than  a  young  srpiaw.  Cajitain  Church  inclined  to  go  with  him, 
thinking  it  might  be  in  Iiis  way  to  gain  some  intelligence  of  ^^nnawon ;  and 
so  taking  one  Englishman  and  a  few  Indians  with  liim,  leaving  the  rest 
tlii'ie,  lie  went  with  his  new  soldier  to  look  his  father.  When  he  came  to 
the  swamp,  he  bid  the  Indian  go  and  see  if  he  couhl  find  his  father.  Ho 
was  no  sooner  gone,  but  Captain  Church  discovered  a  track  coming  down 
uiit  of  tli(!  woods,  upon  which  he  and  his  little  company  lay  close,  some  on 
one  siile  of  the  track,  and  some  on   the   other.     Tln^y  heard  the    Indian 

[  fiihiier  making  a  howling  for  his  father,  and  at  length  somebody  answered 
him:  hut  while  they  were  listening,  they  thought  they  heard  somebody  com- 
hiL' towards  them.     Presently  they  saw  an  old   man  coming  u|>,  with  a  gun 

Ion  his  siioiilder,  and  a  young  woman  following  in  tlu^  track  which  they  lay 
hy.  They  let  them  come  between  them,  and  then  started  up  ami  laid  hold 
of  them  hotli.  Captain  Church  immediately  examined  them  apart,  telling 
thi'iii  what  they  must  trust  to  if  tln>y  told  tiilse  stories,     lb;  ask"(l  the  young 

nvoinan  what  company  they  canu!  from  last.  Siie  said  from  (Japtain  Anna- 
iron's.    He  asked  her  how  many  were  in  company  with  him  when  she  left 

*  This  scorns  lo  us  liie  most  probalilp  arcomit  ol'ilic  allair  of  all  we  have  scea. 
t  The  son  of  Awashonks,  it  is  uuppusod. 


m 


M'i- 


mm 


[fffml 


'•   '■■<•',■•  ■'.  ', .'  v 
■  e  *, -J  ■  ,.\\- 

'  ,i>'.    .ill*! 


■4 'mil 


■-  ■; 


■I'ilti 


'.■  ■'  '>■■'■  vii 


52 


ANNAWON. 


[n<'<iK  III 


him.  She  n;iiil  'lifly  or  ni\ty.'  He  iiskt-d  Iht  Iiow  iriiiiiy  iiiilrs  it  \\;i«  i 
pliict'  \N  lici't'  nIic  IcI'i  iiini.  Sill'  said  sin-  iliil  iioi  iindt  ixtiiiid  iiiilo,  Inn  In 
iijt  in  S(|ii.'iiiiian)iik  swniiip.  'Tlic  old  iri.'iii,  wiio  liad  Ixcii  iiii<  ui'  /'/, 
(Mtiiiii-il,  ii|iuii  «-\aiiiiiiiiti<iM,  ;rav<>  r\ar-tly  tin;  HaiiKt  acrMiiiit."  On  I 
u,sk(;d  wlirlliiT  tln-y  coid.i  !,'■  '  iIhth  llial  ni;:lir,  mi  nvrrd,  "  IT  \\i 
nitlv,  and  Iravd  simitiv,  wi       'av  ir<'t  llirrc  In  siiiisi'l."     'I'll.'  ujd 


"  11. 


..■ilMP 


lie  was  of  . //(;i'Mro;r.i  cniiiin     '.  aitd   lliaf  .Inuniron    had    sent   liini   d 


lllllli   ■:, 


find 


ioinr 


Indians  that   wrrc  ^onr  tliiwn   into  .Monnt  ll(i|ii'  iiccL  to  k 


IIV.I,    |,| 


visions,     ('aptain   Ckxirck   let   him   know    tliat    thai    coniiiany   \vi  ic 
lirisoncis. 

'I'lic  Indian  who  had  bfcn  piTinittrd   to  <ro  alliT  his   liithrr,  now  nt 
with  him  and  another  man.     Cirnain  Cliinrli  was  now  at  ifriat  U»s  \\\t:\\\ 


irii'i 


Hhonhl  do.     Il(!  was  nnwiliini>'  to  miss  ol'  so   ainni 


'\i\  o|)|ioi-tnnjt;. 


lilt 


SI'llill 


u  linisiiin<;  hlow  tothr  Indian  power,  lie  had,  as  himscil'  says,  I 
(lo/cn  men  ix'siih-  himscil',"  and  yet  was  iindrr  tin'  necessity  nf 
.som*;  oiu!  hack  to  jrive  l,ieiitenaeil  Jlowlaiitl,  whom  he  ieO  at  the  niiji 
I'oeasset,  notice,  if  he  should  proceed.  Hut,  wilhont  witstiii^' tiiiii  in 
deriiiiif  upon  what  course  to  |Mirsue,  he  put  the  (piestioii  to  iijs 
"whether   tliev    would    williii'dv    tro    with    iiim   and    ''ive   .1 


iirt  HI 


t.;"\i, 


inutiron  n  \i 


lew 


All  ttnswered  in  the  aliirmative,  Imt  reminded  him  ''that  tiiey  ki 
(-'aptain  .Innnwon  was  a  ;i-real  s(ddier  ;  that  he  had  been  a  valiant  r(i|ii;iiii 
Ulul(!r  •Isuhmcijuin,  [Ifoomimcijiilii,]  I'liHiji's  liithei';  and  that  he  liiuj  Imih 
P/ti/j/Ay  chieltain  all  this  war."  And  they  rurther  told  Captain  Clnnrli.  u,\ 
tlicHe  m<Mi  knew  him  well,)  that  he  was  "a  very  siditle  man,  ol"  fricni  n-i,. 


tion,  and  had  oHen  said  that  he  would  neve 


taken  idi\  i'  hv  tlie  I 


'J'liev  idso  remiiuled  him  that  those  w ilh  .Inntiiriiii  were 


iliiti' 


1'  11. 


some  of  I'hU'ni's  chief  soldiers,"  and   very  much    feared   that  to  nink 
uttcmpt  with  such  a  haudfid  ofs<ddier.s,  would  he  hazardous  in  the  i'Mimi,,], 
But  notliin^M-oidd  shake;   the  resohiti<»ii   ol"  ("aptain   (' lui rch,  \s\w  iiiiiiirk'l 


to  thuni,  "  that   he  had  a  lonir  time   soii<dit   for  Jin 


uawon, 


hilt 


in  \;iiii,  iiiij 
!, 


d*uiht(!d  not  iu  the  least  hut    Providence  would  |)rotect  them.     All  \vii!iiiiie 
consent  now  desired  to  proceed. 

A  man  hy  tlie  name  of  Cook*  heloiiirinj?  to  I'limoiith,  was  llic  (ink 
Englishniaii  in  the  company,  except  the  ca|)tuin.  (Japtain  Cluirclt  ,i.>M 
IMr,  Cook  what  his  opiiii(Ui  of  the  uiiderlakin<j  was.  lie  made;  no  other  n|iiy 
timn  this:  "I  am  never  afraid  of  froinj:  any  wlusre  when  you  are  witli  im." 
Tilt!  Indian  who  hroii^ht  in  his  father  inf'rmed  Captain  C7ii//r/i,  that  it  w;,< 
im|»ossil)le  ft)r  liim  to  take;  his  horse;  with  liim,  whiedi  lie  had  hii)ii;,'lit  ilnis 
fur.  lie  therefore  sent  him  and  his  father,  with  the  horse,  hack  to  1. 
ant  llowland,  and  ordered  them  to  tell  liiin  to  take  his  ])risoners  iininnl 
to  'raiinton,  and  then  to  come  out  the  next  morninir  in  the  Reliohotli 


H'llIiH- 


liih  iy 
I'lial 


where,  if  alive,  he  hoped  to  nu-et  him. 

Thinjrs  lK;injr  thus  settled,  all  were  ready  for  the  journey.  Captiiin  VhvrA 
turned  to  the  old  man,  whom  lu;  took  with  tin;  y<»u!ijr  woman,  ami  a>ktil 
him  whetln;r  he  would  ht;  their  |)ilot.  He  said,  "You  liavin;,' fiivcii  im' my 
life,  1  iun  under  ohiiijfations  to  serve  you."  They  netw  murciied  lor  Si|ii;iii- 
naconk.  In  leading  the  way,  this  old  man  would  travel  so  much  liistir  ili;ia 
the;  r»;st,  as  som<;tiii''.  s  to  ho  nearly  out  of  sijrht,  and  conseiiiiciitiy  :iiulii 
liavi;  escajied  without  tear  of  lieinir  recaptured,  hut  he  was  true  to  liis '.\"nl. 
and  would  stop  until  his  wearied  followers  came  up. 

iii;. 


Having  traveih;d  througii  swam|)s  and  thickets  until  the  sun  was  selii 
the  itiliit  ordered  u  stop.  TLo  captain  askeil  liim  if  he  had  iiiadi;  aiu  i 
covery.  He  said,  "  Aiunit  that  hour  of  the  day,  .7>in/<»'o?i  usually  sent  mt 
Ills  scouts  to  st;e  if  the;  coast  was  cl(;ar,  and  as  soon  as  it  heir.Mi  tojuw 
dark  the  scouts  returned,  and  th«;ii  we  may  move  securely."  \\  Ikmi  it  "..-< 
snlliciently  dark,  and  they  wen;  ahoiit  to  proceed.  Captain  Church  asktii 
old  man  if  he  would  take;  a  i:nn  and  fight  for  him.  Hi;  howvil  vcn 
and  said,  "I  pray  you  not  to  imjiose  such  a  thing  upon  nu;  as  to  light  h'S 
Captain .Innawon,  my  old  friend,  hut  I  will  go  along  with  you,  and  Itc  in ij' 
to  you,  and  will  lay  hands  on  any  man   that  shall  oiler  to  hurt  you."     i' 

*  Caleb,  (louhilc^^^,  who  was  present  at  the  tiino  Philip  was  killed. 


low, 
ii.>t  I 


linil  |iri»f(<ede 
rmi'liidi'il  to  1 
werr  ill  III"'  V  i' 
til  ;.'ivc  a  (lesr 
Ki'lioliiitli,  alio 
hIiii'Ii  lends  to 
Ijiir  Wffr  draw 
(HIT  tlii<  jilacc 
nciv«,  ilirri'  is  i 
lii'iiiik,  wliicli  i 
iii'iirly  ciivfred 

IM.      Its  SOI  It 

ris'.x  to  the  liei 
ami  easy  of  use 
^'liiiiiiA  and  hi 
Wii\e.«  iivi  r  it,  c 
W  hen  they  ai 
of  ills  liiilian  fl 
ili.-tiiietly  til,'  s 
Tliey  were  divii 
aiielliel'.  .Inilill 
Milli  hiiiilieij  »et 


'  1^  '1  'Miridiis    (;iet 

|a;'i'Mliali(iN:  Ihiis,  ttji,! 

!ta»..ailio,.,„lorL.i,i.|, 

[M  iwcica. 


'^^   I.*',    Ilo      L,„ 


[ll'MiK  111 

IcS  it.  WMS  til  t;„. 

lili't',  lull  lie  v.i,, 
1  (ilir  tit"  /'/ii'dyj 
int."     Oil  l.iiii;- 

"  II'  we  '.'11  |ih.. 
I>'  old  lllllll  -;iil 
It    illlll    llliUh   lu 

iK'cU  to  kill  |ir». 
iiy    \vc|-f  nil  li. 

■r,  iHiw  rctnriiMl 
rrat  lo.-S  \sli;il  ill' 
rtiinity  nl"  ^,'i\ii,.' 

StlVH,  lillt  "hiilt'  :i 

I'ssity  lit'  si'iiiliii.' 
Ill  iIh'  iilil  tiirl  i!i 
liiij;  liiii*  ill  |"'ii- 
tidii  111  liis  1,1111, 
.Iniittiron  ii  \i<ii.'' 
t  tlii'V  kiii'w  ilii* 
II  valiant  i'ii|il;iiii 
tliat  In-  liiiti  liim 
plain  r/iiin7i, ';i.l 

II,  (>r   ffll'lll  ll-"i'r 

•  by  till'  Kii^'li-li.'' 
"  rcstiliitc  Ml'Mi, 
tliat  to  make  li.e 

Ills  ill   tllC  lAllMh". 

•eh,  NviiK  riiiiiirk'l 
,  but  ill  \aiii,"iiiiJ 
leiu.    All  with  one 

itli,  was  llii'  I'lily 
itiiin  Clinirh  :i>kii| 
iiul<!  in>  "tl"'''  I' t'y 
you  an'  witii  im  " 
Church,  iliiit  it  »;,, 
lad  bniii;,'lii  ^\»'i 
,  back  to  Li'iiirii- 
toners  iiiiiiii'iliii'''J 
lie  llflioliotli  mi, 

Caiitiiiii  VhM 
Kvoiiiau,  ami  a^U 
liviiiir  {liven  nil'  mj 
uutIiimI  I'or  Siiiaii- 
lo  umcli  fasUi' lliaii 
loiis(M|Ufiitly  MiUi.i 
lis  true  to  Ills  "'Til. 

lo  SUll    Wa.H  Sl'tt'.lli.': 

Iiad   iiiatif  all}  ili- 
Ifii  usually  si'iii  ^^-i 
it  licir.-.n  to;:-* 

l.ly."       \Vl!i'iriI->i 

lu"C'/iun:/i  iisknhif 
L  bowod  vfry  lo«, 
|.  as  to  tifilit  iii.''"'''!  I 
.oil,  and  Ix'  I" ■ij""'  I 


Ill 


I  ANNAWON.—IIIS  ( M'I'I  lU;   AM>   DI'.ATIl. 


O' 


liurt  you 

Ivas  killoJ. 


."    'I'lii'J 


I  ml  |iiiHi'''<l"''l  '"'^  "  ^'i"'"f  space,  when  tiicy  heard  a  noise,  wjiieii  lliey 
li„|,.,|  to  lie  tie'  poiindinijr  ol' a  mortar.  'I'liis  warned  lliem  that  liny 
«,. re  ill  the  \ieiiiity  ol' ./'I'l^/zco/i',*  n  treat.  And  here  it  wiiibevtry  proper 
1,1  i'i\e  a  (lesiriptioii  ol"  it.  It  is  situated  in  the  south-"  asti'riy  loriier  ol' 
Rchiilii'tli.  alioiit  ei^rlit  iiiijis  Troiii  'I'aiintoii  (ireeii,  a  |i'\«  rods  lidiii  ili  •  road 
wliM'li  leads  lo  I'nn  ideiiee,  and  on  the  .-oiitli-easterly  side  of  it.  It'a  slrai;.'lit 
line  \M'ie  diiiNvn  I'roiii  'raiintoii  to  I'rovideiiee,  it  woiihl  pii.ss  v«'ry  nearly 
(Hirlliis  place.  Within  the  liinits  ol"  an  iniineiise  swamp  of  nearly  .MOOO 
it('ir>,  tiii'ie  is  a  small  piece  of  iiplanil.  separated  from  the  main  onl\  by  a 
liriHik,  vvliicii  in  some  seasons  is  dry.  'This  i.-laiid,  as  we  iiia\  call  it,  is 
iH'iirlv  foM'red  with  an  enormous  rock,  wliicli  to  tiiis  day  is  called  .  Iini(iii'<)>i\i 
Hnfk.  Iff*  south-east  siile  presents  an  almost  perpendicular  precipice,  and 
ri^stollic  lieifrht  of 'i.')  or  MO  ll'et.  The  north-west  side  is  very  sloping', 
ami  nisv  of  ascent,  bein^' at  an  lllllll' of  not  iikmo  tiiaii  M.!  or  4U°.  A  ninrii 
I'ldoiiiN  iiiid  hidden  recess,  e\t'U  now,  altliou;rh  the  liu-est  tree  no  lon:,'t!r 
^Mivi's  iivi  r  ii,  could  hardly  lit;  found  by  any  iiihahitant  of  the  wilderness. 

WJHii  tliey  arri\ed  near  the  foot  of  tiie  rock,  Captain  Chtiirh,  with  two 
III' Ills  Indian  soldiers,  crept  to  the  top  of  it,  from  wluMU'e  they  could  seo 
di>liii<tlv  the  situation  of  the  whole  eoiiipaiiy,  by  the  ii^riit  of  their  tires. 
Thi'V  were  divided  into  three  bodies,  and  lod;;ed  u  siiort  distance  from  oiio 
aijiitliir.  .lnniiivoii''s  camp  was  formed  by  lelling  ii  tree  ayaiiist  the  r<jck, 
witli  hushes  set  up  on  eucii  side. 

•'  lie  passeil,  in  tlio  liourl  of  that  niicicut  wood— 

******* 
Nor  paasi'd,  lill  llic  rock  Mhorc  a  vnuiU'il  lied 
lliul  hettii  lu!wii  ol'dlil  Ibr  Ihe  kiiif;lv  dciid 

Arose  (III  his  iiii(liii;;la  wiiy   " — IIkm.vns. 

Willi  liini  lodjred  his  son,  and  others  of  his  principal  men.  Their  puns 
winiiiscovcred  staiidin<r  and  leaiiin;j:  against  a  stick  resting  on  two  crotches, 
sililj  covered  from  the  weather  by  a  mat.  Over  their  fires  were  pots  and 
knlis  lioiliiijr,  and  meat  roasting  upon  their  spits.  ('a|»tain  Church  was 
i,ii«  at  siuiic  loss  how  to  proceed,  sci  iiii,'  no  possibility  of  jrettiiif,'  «lowii  tho 
ri"k  witlioiil  discovery,  which  would  have  bei-n  filial.  He  therefor*!  crei^pa 
tiiiiiily  hack  again  to  the  foot  of  the  rock,  and  asked  the  old  man,  their 
jiilipi,  if  then,'  was  no  other  way  of  coming  at  them.  1I<!  iinswenul,  "  No  ;" 
ami  Slid  lliat  liimstdf  and  all  others  ludonging  to  the  comimiiy  were  ordered 
luniiiK;  that  way,  !uid  none  could  come  any  other  without  danger  of  be- 
iiii;  sliot. 

Hir  tiiiitfiil  niiud  of  Church  was  no  longer  at  loss,  and  tlu;  following  struta- 

piii  was  put  in  successful  practice.     Ili;  ordered  the  (dd  man  and  t'le  young 

Wdiiian  to  go  fltrward,  and  lead  the  way,  with  tliisir  baskets  upon  their  backs, 

aiiJ  wiii'ii  .hinawon  should  discover  them,  he  would  take  no  alarm,  knowing 

lliriii  to  he  those  he  had  lately  sent  forth   upon  discovery.     "Captain   Church 

•  mill  lii.s  iiaiidfiil  of  soldii.'i-s  crept  down  also,  under  tin;  shadow  of  those  two 

am!  tiicir  baskets.     The  captain  himself  crept  close  behind  the  old  man,  with 

Ills  liaichet  in  his  hand,  and  stepped  over  the  young  man's  lieud  to  the  arms. 

Till  young  ./un/iicoH  discovering  him,  whipped  his  blanket  over  his  head,  and 

i  ."liniiik  ii|i  ill  a  heap.     'I'he  old  Captain   .'hinawon  started  up  on   his  breech, 

j  aiiii  cri.'il  out  ' /fo(fo/i ."  which  signified,  'Welcom.'"*     All  hope  of  escape 

I  Viis  MOW  ll,  (1  forever,  and  he  made  no  ;trort,  but  laid   himsidf  down  again  in 

j  jwrf'ci  silence,  wliili,'  his  captors  secured  the  rest  of  the  company.     For  ho 

Mi|i|iiisc(l  the  English  were  far  more  numerous  than  they  were,  and  before  he 

Was  iniilecuived,  his  coiii[mny  were  all  secured. 

'  il  Is  a  (iirioiis  I'iiol,  Ihal  ;iinoiig  the  trilies  of  the  west,  the  same  word   is  used  lo  signify 
Ujinriilmliiiii  ;  llms,  win  n  a   speecii  luid   Ikmmi   made  lo  sonic   in   Ihal    region,   which    pleased 
tlKinaiiheendofeafh  paragraph  i\wy  would  cxilaim,  '•  I  (oak!  Iloah!" — Weld's  Travels 
I  in  Amfrka. 

iiiL' tad  becomes  slill  more  curious  wiien  we  fin<l   the  same  word  used  yt't  farther  west— 
jtvi'ii  on  ihe  Norlh-wesi  ("oasl,  and  wiili  very  nearly  the  same  sig-nificalioa.     Hec  Pi.ron'a 
\,<„rre^  l!!|),   Ito     I,ondon,  I7f!'.).     In  iliis  work  il  is  spelt  Wlwali.     See,  also,  Burney's 
'uvajjes,  i.  SU'i.  and  Colden's  Five  Nalioiis,  ii.  iio. 
5* 


mm 


1    '■>''  ■  \  ,w 

'tM     ■■M 
•  ,' ■  e'>"i>**»i 


"■Vj 


■  i' "' '. 


■V,' 

'.M 

^ 

*■■-.?■■: 

^-m 

p 

'  '>m 

'J^ 

bM 

m 

n 

m 

'^Wfi 

w 

V* 

%tii 

-  'f      v' 

^^^ 

w 

'■'.'■'■i'l'.'.i'ig 


U 


■*%i^.k 


ANNAWON. 


lltooK  III 


rmr. 


Ill 


One  rirniiri'^lancc  min-li  liuilitalrd  ihin  ilaniii.'  pnijccl.     It  Iwim  Imth  Imi;,^^ 
■<ftciiliiini'il,  ihiil    iIm'V  iH'artI    ilic    |Htiiii(liiii.'  of  a   iiiiiiiar,  (ui  ilnir  ii|ihri>  i 
riiirt  ciiiitiiinril  ilui'iii):  llair  dcTint  iIdnmi  iIii>  rix-k.     A  hipiaw  wur^  |h>iiim. 

grri'ii  ilririj  ciirii  tor  tliclr  Mi|i|ii>r,  ihk!   \vlit>n  hlit ascil   itdiiiiijin:;,  lu  ' 

the  fiirii,  thry  ci'iisiil    In  |ii'iiri'('il,  aihl  \vli>'ri  slir  |i<iiiii<li'il  a^'ain,  llii'\  ii,,,^ 
This  wasilir  rcasun  llir\  wrri'  not  lirard  as  ilicy  jowcnil  ilMinsrivis  i|,,v,|| 
from   cia;;   to   craj.',   Hii|i|ii)rlr(l    liy   Hiiiall    ImisIh'h    that   j:n'\v    li'iiiii  tlic  m,,,  . 
of  tlin  rock,      'riic  poiiiulrd  (-orti  m'rvcil   utlcrwanlM  tor  a   Hiippcr  ta  i|, 
ciiptorH. 

jiunau'on  would  not  liavi'  liiiii  taken  at  tliis  tiin*'  hut  liir  llic  trciKtrt 
of  iliosi' of  liiH  own  company.  And  well  may //jciV  Lucan  oxoluiiu, «.«  i,,' 
tlio  J{oiiuiii, 

"  A  riicp  ronownpil,  llu;  wnrl'IN  viriDrimi'*  lunN, 
Tiirufil  oa  llienisflvos  with  llicir  (iwn  liostilo  nwonls. "—WwccVv  Ti-mis, 

Till!  two  ('(DnpanirM  sitiiati'd  at  a  nluirt  distance  from  iIk^  rock  kiicwiini  11,^ 
fate  ol'their  captain,  until  tliose  si  lit  Ity  f  7(i<n'/t  aiinoinieed  it  to  tln'in.  \ii 
to  prevent  their  iiiakiii},'  nsistaiice,  tiav  were  told,  that  Captain  Vhunj,  ,  „ 
mcompasKcd  them  with  his  army,  and  that  to  make  resistance  wciiilil  1, 
inmieiiiiite  death  ;  iiiir  it'tlay  all  siihmitted  peaceahly,  they  slMMiid  liiiv>  i:i».h 
•jiiartir.  "  Now  they  liriiijr  old  ac(piaiiil;iiice,  and  many  of  them  nliiiim, 
readily  consented  :  deliv<  rinj;  up  tli<  ir  L'niit*  and  hatchets,  they  were  nil  i,,,. 
ducted  to  head-ipiarters. 

"'J'hinjis  heiii;;  thus  tin*  settled,  (."aptMin  Churrh  asked  .'hinnmn  w'.r: 
lie  had  t'or  supper,  'for,'  said  lie,  'I  am  come  to  sup  with  you.'"  .Imwt.n 
replied,  "  Tanhiif,''^  with  a  "  hiir  voi<"e,''  and,  lookin^r  around  ii|ion  liis  wiim  ; 
ordered  them  to  hasten  and  provide  Captain  f'/iarr/i  and  his  coiii|i!iii\  .,  i, 
8ii|)|»er.  lie  askcil  Cjiptaiu  Church  "whether  he  would  eat  cow  li d  yt 
horse  heet."  Church  said  he  \\(aild  pretir  (;ow  beef.  It  was  soaii  n  nl, 
and,  hy  the  aid  ot'  some  salt  he  had  in  his  pocktit,  he  inadt.'  u  ^oail  iimiL 
Ami  here  it  should  he  told,  that  a  small  Imj?  of  salt  (which  he  ciiTiid  ii 
his  pocket)  was  the  only  provision  he  took  with  him  upon  this  exiirdiiion, 

VVlieii  supper  was  over,  ('aptaiii  Church  set  his  men  to  watch,  t(  llin;' limr 
if  they  would  let  him  sleep  two  lanirs,  they  slionld  >leep  all  the  rest  nt' ili. 
iii;;ht,  he  not  liavinjr  slept  any  for  ;j<!  hours  Infore;  hut  atler  layinf;  n  Imif 
hour,  and  ti'elin;;  no  disposition  to  sleep,  from  the  iiKMnentoiis  cares  u|i(iii  liij 
min(l, — fur,  as  L)r.  l'oi»i<c  says  in  the;  Reven<:e, 

"  Tlio  ilcnd  alone,  in  surii  a  night,  can  rest, — " 

hn  looked  to  sop  if  his  watch  wore  at  their  posts,  but  tlicy  wcro  all  fiist  nslcip, 
Jlnnnwon  felt  no  more  like  sleepinu'  than  Church,  an  I  they  lay  for  somr  lini 
lookiiiff   one    upon  tiie  other.     Church  spoke   not   to  .Innnwon,  Icivuim'  \f 
could  not  speak  Indian,  and  thoiitrht  •'?n»rnr»/i  could  not  s|)eak  ]'lii<rlisli.  Iiiiti: 
now  appeared  that  he  could,  from  a  conversation  they  held  to^retlier.    ( Inini 
had  laici  down  with  .^HJKnron  to   ])revent  his  escape,  of  which,  liowivmiif 
did  not  seem  much  afraid,  for  atb'r  they  had  laid  a  consi(leral)|eiiiiii',./(iii.'ir,K 
got  n|i  and  walked  away  out  of  si<;lit,  which  Church  considen d  \v.i>  nn  1  j 
common  occasion ;  Jiiit  beinjr  jrone  some   time,  "he  be<ran  to  siispcrt  mhiii' 
ill  desifrn."     He  therefore  gathered  all  the  <:iins  close   to  himself^  ami  I ly  ;i> 
closi'  as  he  possibly  could  under  youn<r  .•hvi(tu'07i\'i  side,  that  if  a  slmt  slini 
be  made  at   him,  it  must  endaiifjer  the  life   of  yoiuifr  ,  hmawitn  also.    Aii  r  1 
laying'  a  while  in  jfreat  suspense,  he  saw,  by  the  lifilit  of  the  moon,  ./;i»'(k 
cominjr  witii  somethiiifr  in  his  hands.     When  lie  had  ^'ot  to  (^'iptaiii  ('lrjr<i 
he  knelt  down  before  him,  and,  after  presentinjr   him   what   he  hail  lini  .'- 
sj)oke  in  iln^lish  as  follows: — "  Grrnt  captrtiu,  i/iu  have  killed  I'hilip,  «»(/"• 
quertd  his  couutn/.     Fori  believe  that  1  (Did  mij  compiniy  are  the  laul  llml  ir.' 
ti^aiust  the  Emrli.ih,  so  suppose  the  ivar  is  ended  by  i/our  means,  and  Iknhnl 
these  things  belonsr  unto  you."     lb;   then   took  out  ol' his   pack  a  hi'iiiiliiiiH)  | 
wroiifrht  belt,  wliich  bclon^'cd  to  Philip.     It  was  nine  inches  in  hrcMdih.  ami 
of  such    leiifftli,  ns  when    put   about   tlic!    shoulders  of  Captain    f'/iH/''A.  i!| 
reached  to  liis  uiiklcs.     Thia  was  considered,  at  that  time,  of  great  vuliif. 


iN'iii^  I'liiltroii 

i-(i|ol>,  Clirioll: 

In  ll,  III'    III!    Il '■" 

,l|,o  Id  I'liitip. 

'mi'K  |i.'irt  III  " 
u  -iiiiill"!'  one, 
All  ilif''  ^'•>i< 

iiilMlIn  ol"  llie 

iii.'iiii,  lit  this  d 

!ij>  jiiick   tuo 
,i|i(ii;i|-.s  were 
CqiiMia  Church 
liiiii-i'li'  »illi,  1 
an  ii|i|iiirtiiiiil\ 

Till'  ri'iiiaini 
••ir.'iM'  (III  accii 
,i-,iiii>i   (iiany 
.'■■iilii'i." 

Mmliiliy  hell 
liii'}  III''!  liieilti 
|i  i-c.  Tliey  III 
iii'ik  iilil .  Innaic 
ui'iii  to  Khode 

lliillldllil. 

.  iiiiKiirnn,  it  is 

i:iii.'li>li,  tliat    hi 

lliiil  «ii|iie  ofthe 

i'\(inlr(i  (|-(ini  til 

Clatriii,  did  not  1 

iri'iifcd  liard  llir 

u;is  ri'iMorselessi 

rvi'iilioii  (>{\lnn 

o/'ji  siii'lieni  of  II 

(ill.VXJPL\ 

iimiii,  iitlicrwise 

.Miitntunniiimdi  w, 

Ue  liad  his   1 

.IMlllsrllicilt    of  ij 

(ImiKi/iin,  (^urn 
lli>  ii.'iiae  lias  alsi 
|||'\<'a'rai.'aiiset. 

Ill  U't7'>,  quinm 
uim>\\  i;raiited  h_ 
Tills  sjiclieiii   t( 
'III'  |iilliislinieiit  u 
ilii'ii'  liaiids,  we  m 
lillli'  is  recorded  c 
littiilnn's  account  i 
'"  till'  liiir  sex,  as 
lfici'oiie/{'inu.i/,i' ; 
I'iilriil.'iliiiir  reliitioi 
<iii!nnaitin  was 
'!"■  10  Fel).  Ii;7.5,  ( 
"'t  ladiiui  who  ha( 
''"'  ''aii'ives  ol'  till 
'"iiii'lccliiiii  in  I,,., 
i"fr«\tiact,  as  his 
''I  the  winter  of 
froiii  the  iossofthi 

"  \n  (KKjiiois  word  s 
t  tlidibard,  Sar.  108 


1*'^  *' 


|r..ink   111 

las  lii'i'ii  li,  ;',,r, 
llit'ir  ii|i|ii'<i . 

iiiiiliiii;,  In  '  ' 
lill,  tlli'\  lii<n 
■IMHflvis   il.A 
tl'oill    t||i>  >, 
Slipilir    In    ' 

ir  lilt"  iivii.i 
CM.'la'iiii,  u^  I 


)Ck  kllCWIHll  llir 

t  ti>  llu'in.  .\i;i!, 
itiiiii  C/ii/rc/i  I'll'. 
stJinci'  woiilil  \,- 
■lioiild  liiiM  '.'iH.i 
tln'iii  I'claliui.," 
iry  wen;  nil  ii n- 

I  ^Innnwnn  wk'. 
yon.'"    ./iiiMin: 

ti|i()n  Ills wiiiiin. 

"iH  cnniimnj  m  ii," 

('lit  r(i\v  Itni'  ui 

wiirt  soon  n:ulv, 

mule  a  ^'iioii  iiiitl 

ii'ii   111'  caiTiiMl  iL 

tllis  t'Xlirililioli. 

atcli,  t(  Ilin;' ih'ir 

II  till!  rost  ol'  ilif 
Icr  layia;.'  ii  lialf 
lus  cares  iipnii  Li* 


'crr  all  fust  iisic-p, 
lay  till"  soiiii'  till:' 
ja'icon,  li"i'!iiiM'  ii' 

'ak  Kii^iisli.linri; 
|tt)<:i'tlii'r.  (inml. 
iiiicli,  liDWi'vir.iif 
[l)l.'iiiii(',.i»».'« 

.;i(lcn  (I  WHS  im  i 

to  siis|)('rt  H'liif 

Jiiiisclt;  :iiiii  I'l;  :i- 

lit  if  a  slint    s'lHiK 

\(iwmi  also.  ^''" 
iiiooii,  ./nii''"'''^ 

|)  ("aptain  Clivf- 
he  liail  liriii'.'- 

[d  riiiliji,  ""'''"• 
the  liisl  Ihiit  i;  • 

leans,  and  //nr'/;''- 1 

Jack  a  bcanlii.:!') 

Ju[)tain    Chirrh. « 
lie,  of  gi-wit  value. 


Cinr. 


Ill 


QPINNAIMN. 


*  ol'  vriiji  iiM 


iiiai 
lii- 
;i|i|M';irs 


discoiifsc,  in  whicli  .I'liidiron 

II'   liail   hail   liiinii  riy  in    wnrs 

SI  rvi'il   jlsiihmKiuiii,  I'lilli/ia 


,  ,|,i^  ,.„il,i-(,i(|i'ri'il  all   iiM'i"  witli  Mioni  y,  that   is,  uninpnni|Hnir, 

1,11'.  ciii'innt'K'  \Ni'on;rlit  into  (iiiuri  w  nl' liliils,  lira.-lH  miuI  llowri'H.     A  H'  i 
I  .1  (iV  iio  li'XM  <X"|"'^''''  >\"ikiMah.'^lii|i,  was  nr\l  |ii'r>.i'iit'  il,  which   h  Im      il 

Lii'lo /''"/'/'•     'I'hi?',  lliiii  chii'l'  nsnl  III  Kill. iinciil    \t]>   hcinl   willi;  rnun   iIj' 
I'liilx  iiiiif  lit  which  lloucil  l\M>  lla;.'H,  which  i|ici>niti  il  his  li.ick.     A  ihiiil  wha 

.iiiiill'i' one,  with  a  star  n|)oii  the  cml  nl'  it,  whicli  he  wore  n|ion  his  lir  :(i>t, 
i||  ilii'c'  were  cd'.'cil  >\illi  ri'il  hair,  whidi,  . ////cm/'oh  siiil,  whs  ;:ot  in  ihi- 
.  iiiiiir\  III"  llic  .Mohawks.  'I'licsi' hills,  or  sonn' of  thiin,  il  is  li  li.  v  il,  rc- 
1  iittlii.-*  day,  iIk'  |>ro|icrl\  III' a  tiniiily  in  Swan.'.cu  He  iir.\t  took  rroiii 
park  two  horns  of  ;;lii/,<il    |iiiwdci-,  and   a    ndchilh   Maiiki  t.     'I'iii  ■>■■,  it 

,,ni^,  were  all  liiat  ri'inain.  d  ol' ihr  illrcls  ol"  the  final  chii  I',  lie  inlil 
c'l'lii.iiii  r/ii/r<7i  that  those  were  /Vn"/i//.'»ro\aliiis,  which  lie  wa.s  wont  tondni'i 
•iiiii,,|i'  with,  w,icn  lie  sat  in  state,  unil  he  thought  hiinscll' ha|>|iy  in  lia\iiii; 
III!  i,|i|iiirtniiity  lo  present  thein  to  him. 

Thi'  ri'iiiaiiider  ol'  the   nijflit   they  spent   in 
■  iravi'  iiii  account   ol'  what   niii:hl\    success 
niraiiii''t  immy   nations   of  Indian.-^,    when    hi 

ijltlllT. 

Miii'aiii;r  hciit);  come,  they  took  up  their  iniircli  for  Taiiiitoii.  In  the  way 
llii'\  iiM'l  liiciitenaiit  Hoii'hinil,  according'  to  appointineiil,  at  his  no  small  Mir- 
ni'iH'.  Tlicv  lodged  at  'raiinlon  thai  nii;hl.  'The  ne\l  day  "  ( 'apt.  r/n//'c/t 
liiuk  iiiil '/""""""i  o'nl  iialf  a  ilo/eii  Indian  soldiers,  and  his  nwii  men,  ami 
^u'lit  III  itliode  Island  ;  the  rest  were  sent  to  I'linioiilh,  nndcr  l/ienlcnant 
lliiuhinil. 

./iKii/i/'oii,  it  is  .said,  had  confessed  "that  he  had  put  to  death  several  of  tlio 
Kiiofi^li,  dial  had  lieeii  taken  alive;  ten  in  one  day,  and  could  not  deny  Imt 
ihat  «iiiiic  of  them  had  heeii  tortured  ;"•!•  and  iheri'lnre  no  inercv  was  'o  ho 
(<\|M'i'ti'il  from  tho.sc  into  whose  hands  he  had  now  liiilen.  His  ca|itoi', « 'aplaiii 
Churdi,  iliil  not  mean  that  he  should  have  lieeii  pnt  to  death,  and  had  eii- 
trcati'iliiard  for  him ;  lint  in  his  alisence  from  I'jimonth,  not  Imi^r  alter,  hu 
was  namrsclessly  cxfciitcd.  VVt!  shall  au;aiii  lia\e  occasion  in  advert  to  tho 
('\iriitiiiii  i>i\liin(iivon,  and  shall  now  puss  to  consider  the  i'\eiits  in  the  lifo 
ol'a  sai'iicin  of  nearly  eipial  interest. 

Or/.V.V. 7/^/.V'  was  liy  hirth  u  nohle  N«ria;.'aiiset,  heiii;;  the  son  of  <'()<nna- 
(iiiiiit.  ollicrwise  donjitnanuond,  who  was  nephiiw  to  Canuninm.  Tlierelorc 
Miiinlunmnnnh  was  nncle  to  Quir.nniiin,  and  Cnnonicim  s\as  Jiis  ^ireat  nncli'. 

\\i'  liiiil  his  name  spelleil  in  almost  every  po.-^sililc  way,  and  for  tho 
aiiiiisriiii'iit  of  the  reader  will  otl'er  a  few  of  them — (^niino/nii,  (hionopiii, 
(linwijn')),  (^iKfiinopin,  ({w.noiiuin,  P<moifu\n,  Smci^onisli,  and  (luiiii(/)in. 
\\i>  iiaiMi'  lias  also  lieeii  confoimded  with  that  of  Qh«i'm/«7i,  the  "old  ipieeii" 
ol'N'arniiraiiset. 

Ill  I(i7'2,  ({uinnnpln  confirmed,  liy  ;i  writing,  the  sale  of  a  tract  of  land  jire- 
viiiiL-iy  firaiili'd  hy  Cnu;inniiuan,  his  father. 

'riiis  sachem  took  part  with  the  W'ampanoafrs  in  /'/ti'/i'/;'s  war,  and  from 
ilii'  |iiiiiisliiiient  which  tlu'  ICn^lish  execnted  upon  him,  on  Ills  falliii;:  into 
ilii'ir  liiinds,  wi"  may  suppose  he  acted  well  his  part  in  tiiat  war, althoiiirh  hut 
litili'  is  recorded  of  him  by  the  historians  of  tiiat  period.  I'rom  3Irs.  J{ow- 
/((H(/«'jrt',»  account  of  liiiii,  we  must  conclude  la;  was  not  wantinjr  in  iittention.s 
III  till'  fair  sex,  as  he  had  ci^rtainly  three  \viv»!s,  one  of  whom  wjis  a  sisier  of 
Wii'i'meknnuslie ;  conseipieiitly  he  was,  accordinjf  to  the  F-nirlish  nicthod  of 
I'aii'iilaliiiir  I'elationsliips,  hrotlier-in-law  to  the  iiimons  Metdcomei  himself. 

({iilmtiiiiiu  was  one  of  the  chii'i's  who  directed  the  attack  on  I^ancaster, 
till'  10  I'eh.  1(17.'),  ().  S.,  and  he  |inrcliase(l  IMrs.  Rowlnmlsim  from  a  iNarafian- 
:<i.'t  liiiliitii  who  had  seized  her  when  she  cami!  out  of  the  j^arrison,  among 
till' raptives  of  that  plu(;(\  And  it  was  this  circumstance  which  caused  her 
loiKPiice  him  in  her  Narrativi!. f  ff'ettiiiwre,  whom  she  mentions  in  the  follow- 
iii}.'i\tiact,  as  his  wife,  we  liavo  said,  was  H'eitnivio,  the  "(pjeeii  of  l*ocasset." 

Ill  till!  winter  of  1G7(),  when  tlie  Narrajransets  were  at  such  "frreat  straits," 
fruiii  the  loss  of  thuir  provisions,  in  tlie  great  .swamp  tiglit,  ("  com  being  two 


o". ', 


',     Jir,^ 


^'^n 


■:5'>1 


\ii  li(H|iiiiis  word  siirnifyng  a  7niixrl'\      fw<inlfiti'.i  llisl.  Poiiii'^vK  ;i;rri.  pru'i'  W". 
t  Hubbard,  Sar.  108.  X  .Mr.  WilUiid'n  edllloii  oCit,  (ji.  Jj.)  LaiicasUT,  lo28. 


I  Ma 


56 


QUTNNAPIN. 


[Rook  III, 


sliilliiifrs  a  ])iiit  witli  fliein,")  tlio  Eiijclisli  tried  to  lu'iiif:  uhoiit  a  pence  \vitl, 
iIh'Iii  ;  hut  their  terms  were  too  hard,  or  some  otiier  cat  se  prevented,  "f;,. 
nomhd  and  Pmioquin  said  they  would  lifxht  it  out,  to  tiie  last  tnaii,  nitl;,.,. 
♦haii  tiiey  would  heeome  servants  to  the  I'lniriish."*  A  truly  iiohle  resdlnii,,,, 
and  well  worthy  oftlie  charaeler  we  hi  •  e  oi'  ('(inonchet. 

'IMy  master  (says  IVIrs.  liuwUnulsoii)  \\iu\  tiu-ee  sipiaws,  livinir  sfuiietii,;,,, 
>Vi!!i  one  and  sometimes  with  another.  Omt.r,  this  old  scpiaw  at  ujidse  \\\„. 
wam  1  was,  and  with  whom  my  master  [(^tnnnapin]  had  heen  these  i|  |.,^, 
weeks.  Another  was  H'eltimnre,  with  whom  ]  had  lived  and  served  ail  i||j, 
while.  A  severe  and  |)r  .I'd  lame  siie  was  ;  hestowinjr  every  day  in  dn  v.j, ,, 
herself  lu'ar  as  much  time  as  any  of  the  jrentry  of  the  land — iiowdei'm^-  i,,,". 
hair  and  |)aintiMir  her  i.  ■  ■  ,  ;j(»ing  with  her  neeklaees,  with  jewels  in  hci-  ,.;^j, 
and  hraeeli'ts  upon  her  hands.  When  she  had  dressed  hersellj  her  wurt 
was  to  make  girdles  of  wampum  and  heads.  The  third  isquaw  [or  will] ,(;,, 
a  youn<r  one,  hy  whom  he  had  two  pa|iooses."t 

While  the  Narrajransets  and  Nipmueks  were  onfainped  at  a  place  on  c,,,,. 
lieetieut  Uiver  at  eonsiderahle  distanee  ahove  Northampton,  perhans  ihui;,, 
liu- as  JJillows  Falls,  Mrs.  HiHclandsoii  says,  ".My  master's  maid  came  Iimih,.; 
she  had  heen  trone  three  weeks  into  the?  Narrajianset  country  to  letcji  (H|-,| 
where  they  had  stored  up  some  in  the  {rround.  She  hrovghl  home  abml  ii 
perk  mid  a  half  of  corn  " .' 

W<'  shall  relate,  in  th"  Life  oWXepnnet,  the  mission  of  Mr.  Hoar  XoPhUn^ 
rpiarters  1(>r  the  r<'deni|»tion  of  Mrs.  RowlandNou.  This  was  jiot  luirir  mnr 
fc^udltiuT  li^dit,  and  the  Indians  were  preparin<:  to  commemorate  it  hy  a  ltiiii 
dance,  "which  was  carried  on  hy  ei<rlit  oi"  them,  (as  Mrs.  II.  relates,)  liim- inii; 
and  I'our  scpiaws  ;  my  master  and  mistress  [ipdnnnpin  and  ftednmon]  Imihj 
two.  \U\  was  dressed  in  his  Holland  shirt,  w'tl;  <ireat  .stockinjis,  liis  t'iiri,r< 
hun<r  round  with  s/iiV/niir.?,  aiul  had  jrirdles  vfwampom  iijion  his  head  ;ii,i 
shouhh'rs.  She  had  a  kearsey  coat,  covered  with  jrirdles  of  irompom  dm 
the  loins  upward.  Her  arms,  from  her  elht'^'  s  to  her  hands,  were  enviinl 
with  hracelets;  there  wen?  handfids  of  n.(  cKlaces  ahout  her  neck,  aiid  xv- 

oral  sorts  of  jewels  in  her  ear-^.     She  iiad  fme  red  stockinjrs,  and  «  hite  >| ., 

her  hair  powdered,  and  her  tii  e  painted  red,  that  w.is  always  hellire  lil.nL 
And  all  the  dancers  were  alter  the  sau'e  manner.  Then;  were  twd  ntlwi 
sin}fin<r  aiul  knockinjj  on  a  kettle  for  th(>ir  music.  They  kept  lio|i|piiii:  nii 
and  down  one  a.ler  another,  v>ith  a  kettle  of  watt'r  in  the  midst,  slamliiif 
Avarm  i.pon  some  endiers,  to  drink  of  when  they  were  dry.  'I'hey  lielil  m] 
till  almost  nisrht,  throwiiifr  out  their  tvitmpom  to  the  standers-hy.  At  nisilit 
I  asked  them  again,  if  1  slioidd  jro  home  :  they  all  a.s  one  said.  No.  except  iiiv 
liuslmnd  would  com(^  for  ')n'.  When  we  were  lain  down,  my  master  viuii 
out  of  the  wigwam,  and  h,  and  hy  sent  in  an  Indian  called  James-tlie-pmlir. 
who  told  Mv.  Horn;  that  my  master  would  let  me  <ro  home  to-morrow,  if  Ik 
would  l«!t  him  have  one  pint  of  lirpior.  Then  Mr.  Hoar  called  jiis  imi, 
Indians,  Tom  and  Pelqr,  and  hid  them  all  go  and  see  if  he  would  pnnniMi: 
bclijre  them  three  ;  and  if  he  would  he  should  have  it,  which  he  diil.iiinl  iiwl 
il.  Philip  smelling  the  husiness,  cal'ed  me  to  him,  and  asked  me  wliu  I 
would  give  him,  to  tell  me  some  good  news,  and  to  speak  a  good  wonl  tor 
me,  that  I  might  go  home  to-morrow?  I  told  J  ,m  I  could  net  tell  what  m 
give  him,  I  wouhl  any  thing  I  had,  and  asked  h.'ii  what  he  would  have.  Il' 
said  two  coats  and  20  shillings  in  motiey,  h..';  a  hushel  of  seed  eoni,  iiiiJ 
some  tohacco.  I  thanked  him  for  his  love,  hut  I  knew  that  good  nrwsa>ui|| 
as  that  crafty  fox.  My  master,  afier  he  had  his  drink,  quickly  came  niiiiii.' 
into  the  wigwam  again,  and  called  for  Mr.  Hoar,  drinking  to  him  and  .snin.' 
he  ivns  a  eood  man  ;  and  then  again  he  would  say,  Hang  him  a  rofcuc.  Hiiiis 
almost  di  Mi'k,  he  would  drink  to  him,  and  yet  presently  say  he  slioiilill»' 
lianged.  'i'hen  he  odied  for  me;  I  tremhled  to  iiear  him,  and  yet  I  wiislliiii 
to  go  tn  him,  tmd  he  drank  to  me,  shewing  no  incivility,  lie  was  the  tir«t 
Indian  I  saw  drind<,  all  the  time  1  was  among  ihetn.  At  last  his  siiimw  riiii 
out,  and  he  after  her,  round  the  wigwam,  with   his  money  jingling  at  lii! 


Iili'i)!'  Taioson  it 


*  Hubbard, 


t  Narralivc,  G3,  G4. 


^  k/ 


DF.ATIl   OI'  QUINNAPIN.— TlJSi'AUUIN. 


57 


oiAP.  in.] 

,    ,^,^  i,|,t  filir  <'^<'a|i(Ml  liiiii ;  hut  liaviiii;-  ,tn  old  Kiiiiiw,  lu-  viw,  to  Iit-r,"  ■  juul 
iiiV.I  tlM- <.tlirrs  no  m.nr  tliat  ni-lil.  ,  ,  , 

V  (liiv  •>!'  ''•^"  <■>'"''■'  ''"'  .''ii;r:imon  s  liatl  a  cotiiiril,  or  tcncral  roiirl,  as  llicy 
,||.,,|  'it,  in  svliiclr  the  L'ivinir  n|i  ol"  .Mrs.  It.  wr.s  dcbali'd.  All  sicni' d  to 
.„<,.|it  for  JH'r  to  tro,  (.-xci'iit  Philip,  \\\m  wonld  not  comic  to  tin- council. 
llMUfVcr  f-ln;  ""^  soon  disniissciljUiid  sonic  who  wci'c  at  lir.st  opposed  to  lnu* 
,„jii(r.  sccined  now  to  rcjoire  at  it.  Tlicy  sliook  luT  Ity  the  hand,  and  askud 
f T  i"i  s.mhI  tiicni  soiiK!  tobacco,  and  sonic  one  tliiiif;  and  sonic  anotlicr. 

U'liiii  •''•'  t'^'*'!'"^'^''  ^\'~t<'ni  ol"  uar  carried  on  li_>  Philip  wjus  liiokcn  in  tlio 
,,,«ili\  iiiirsline  liickcrin^s,  (^uiiiiiapin  returned  witli  I'liilip  to  his  conntry 
,1  1,1;  \Vanil)ano.i)is.  Aliout  tlie  end  ot'JnIy,  l(u(i,  Captain  Chuirli  learned  liy 
'i,,,,i[n-,.  sijiiaw  that  iluinniipin  and  Philip  w<rc  in  a  "j;reut  c(i«iar  swamp" 
'  ,'^\■  \|ioiiaf;aMSct  with  "ahnndanee  of  Indians."  This  news,  togetiicr  with 
.  ,lj.ii)V(i\  the  captain  soon  alh-r  made,  indiietul  him  to  leave  that  country 
rtiiidiit  (listiirhinjf  so  lormidiihlo  an  (■ncmy.  Soon  alh'r,  (^uiiitutpin  escaped 
11,111  a  company  of  |{ri(|i;cwatei'  men,  who  killed  .Ikkumpuiu,  as  he  and 
/'/ij/i//s  •■oinpany  were  erossinif  Taunton  River.  Tiiu  no.vt  day,  Church  piir- 
.ii,,|  liiiii,  l»ut  lie  cHecrted  his  escape. 
Viit  liiiiir  alhr  this,  lu;  was  taken,  and,  immediately  utler  the  war,  25 
\w:\h'..  was  shot  at  .New  port  in  1{.  Island.  It  appears  that  (^uinniipin  had 
IiiiiIniiul'  ifilliculty  witii  tli(;  1{.  Island  jieople,  who,  some  time  li'd'ore  the 
wiir,  li;itl  '''"^f  '"'"  '""*  Jirison  ;  imt  that  i>y  some  iiuians  he  had  escaped, 
,111(1  liiroiiie  active  in  the  \var.  lie  was  reported  "a  younjr  lusty  sachem, 
jiiiil  a  very  ro^fue."  f  A  court-martial  was  held  at  Newport,  11.  1.,  on  the 
■i4  Aiii'Mst,  lti7(!.  !y  the  jfovernor  and  assistants  of  that  colony,  for  the  trial 
ii\  ({viiiiuipin,  w  'sutvni!;unish,  as  he  was  sometimi's  called,  and  s»;veral  others. 
||i.  u.,s  iharircti  with  adherin>;  to  Philip  in  th<;  war,  which  he  ctmti'ssed, 
i,ii(|(i\\iumI  ii;'  was  in  the  .Narrajfanset  Swamp  li^lit  of  December,  Ki?."),  and 
iii\t  ill  coniniaiid  to  Canonchit ;  whereupon  he  was  sentenced  to  be  shot  the 
iii\i(lav.  -V  hrolh(!r  ol'  his,  \\iioliad  but  one  eye,  namtMl  iiunkecjunusur,  had 
ilii  >;iiii('  .sentence  passed  upon  him,  .'hhainallan,  another  1'  iher,  wjis 
iriid.  Imt  at  that  time  rcceiviul  no  sent(!nce.| 

rf.N'P./f^L'/.V*,  whose  ltio<iTapliy  we  shall  next  jHirsue,  was  oneoi' Philip'' s 
iiiiKi  liiitliliil  captains,  and  sacheni  of  Assawoniset,  as  we  have  belin-e  had 
,M  ■  inii  to  notice,  in  speakinj;'  of  John  Siissdinn.  His  name  in  jtrinted 
aniiiiiits  tlitliMs  hilt  little,  and  is  aiihreviated  from  ft'tttuspiKjuin.  Also  in  our 
littiil'  Tatoson  it  was  necessary  to  speak  of  liiis  chief  From  a  survey  of 
ilr  (liM'ds  wiiicli  he  executed  of  various  larfi(!  tracts  of  land,  it  is  cvidtrnt 
liis>.i('li('iii(loni  was  very  extensive.  It  will  Ix;  necessary  to  frlance  at  scniio 
of  till'  coiivcyaiicescjf  hittiisprK/uin  for  several  reasons,  tin?  principal  of  wliiidi 
isili:it  the  ]iart  lit.' acted  in  the  great  drama  of  1()7<>  and  l()7(l  may  not  he 
mull iTiitcd.  His  conveyuuces  to  the  KevereiidJo/m  Snssainon m\d  his  liimily 
I  !iiv;iliv;i(ly  related. 

Oil  !l  .Vii^rnst,  ItKI/,  "  Ti/.f/^rf/Htji,  otherwise   called   the  Black-sdditri,'^  for 

lI.mHsIo  Hinrji  ff'ooii  of  I'limoiith  his  rifjlit  and  title   to  the   h'.iid  on  the 

[(islsidc  of  ".Namassakett"  I{iver,§   bounded  "on  one  end  "  by  the  |iond 

|i;il|i'il  }il(irk-n(irhein\i  Pond,  or,  in  Indian,  fhtnpnwcuU  ;  on  the  other  end,  liy 

liltlc  pond  called  .htieiiisr.utt.      How   niueh  was   included    in  the  friveii 

ll«iiiii(ls,  is  not  mentioned,  nor  could   we  now  by  the   description   possilily 

It'll  how  tiir  said    tract  extended   back   from  the  river.      With   Tiispiupiiii, 

■  \\\l\',  .hurt/,  siirned  this  deed,  uiid  it  was  witnessed  only  by  two  Enirlish- 

jiiii'ii. 

On  17. Inly,  l(J(i!l,  Ttt.yxKpnn  and  his  son  li'illinm  sell  for  £10  a  tract  or 
Ipiirivldf  land  near  "  .Vssowampsett,"  halt"  a  mih^  wide,  and  "in  leiiirih  from 
jRiiil|"iii(ls  to  Dartmouth  patii."  JJesides  two  i'tiii'lish,  iS'i/Hii/f/  Hi nn/,  Daniel 
\m\  OM  llitrrij  were  witnesses.  Kvpcricnrt'  Mitrhil!,  Ifcnn/  Smnpson,  oI'Diix- 
jlxiiiiii^Hi,  Thonids  Liltlc,  ot"  jMarshlield,  and  Thinnds  Paine,  of  Mastham,  were 
III"'  |Miri'liasers. 


Narrntivo.  7;J— 75. 
t  <'a|il;iiii  Mon's  iiocouiit  of  '■  The  Wiirr  in  N.   F..  visihly  Piidoil,*'   &r.  in  our  Ivmiaw 
iCHUnvKi.K.  "    {  /'or/.r'.v  .Nairaguiisci, 'Jo. 

j  Ik',  iiowcvcr,  reserved  the  riy;hl  '•  to  getl  ceder  barke  ia  llie  swamps." 


v»  &>■''■  At 

.'li*   ':   .  r   ■  ii 

.,  •  -  ■.•,•,»  .-•!{% 
'.'''I'-'vfi 

'  -'■-'\*  ^-i  1,*' 


■'    ■■  'I*  Viil 


u 


\*._  .;;.•  .■c?5''^i':"<1 


58 


TUSPAQUIN— DURNS  BRIDGEWATER. 


[Book  III 


JiiiHi  10, 1(!70,  TuapfUjuinaiul  his  son  H'illiain  sold  for  £(5,  to  flilumr'l  V,m 
"ill  tli(!  ln'liiilC  of  till!  cuiirt  of  I'liiiioiitli,"  "all  that  our  iiicddow  tlmt  h,,jj! 
ill  or  iifiirc  the  town  of  MiddlclM'rry,"  on  tlir  west  side  of  a  tract  I).  l(iiii,j|,| 
to  John  .llden  and  Coimtanl  Soulhwirlh,  "and  is  hclutiiii  Assow.uii^cit  IVi,,] 
niid  'ranMt<»n  path,  licinj^  in  tliro«;  parsclls  \  poii  tlin«!  Iirookis;"  also  (iiidtlier 
parcel  on  tlii!  other  side  of  Taunton  path.  Witnessiul  by  "^J/ui't,"  tlic  u,;,. 
of  TiispiKjuin,  and  two  Kiifrlish. 

.'JO  June,  l()7y,  Tunpa'iuin,  "sachem  of  Naiiiassakett,  and  Mnnhwmiri 
alias  H'llliiim  his  son,"  s(!ll  to  Edward  Graij  and  Josius  If'inslou;  huuU  m 
the  •■astcrly  side  of  Assowaiiisett,  to  lM;<riii  wiusr"  Naniasket  Hivcr  liJi,; 
out  of  the  |iond,  and  so  south  hy  the  poiiil ;  the  ice  l»y  perisliahic  Imhh,,]" 
to  Tiispaauvi's  Pond,  and  so  lionie  to  the  lands  formerly  sold  to  //,,|r, 
Mood.  ' 

;}  July,  ir»7;i,  Tuspaqvin  and  his  son  JVillinm  sell  to  Benjamin  Chunk  u\ 
Dn.\l)orou^di,  house  carpenter,  and  John  Tompson  cd"  Uarnstahle,  ImikIs  iili,,,; 
Middlehoidu^fh,  l()r  which  tliey  paid  him  £15.  It  is  descrilied  as  "  lyin;;.;!; 
and  iieare  the  towiis!:ip  of  .Middle herry,"  Itoiiiided  westerly  l»y  a  rivri- calih! 
Monhi^^en,  \\\\W\\  rims  into  a  pond  called  (^uisiiuiisett,  ni\i\  mi  In  n  ndii; 
ewanip  to  Y'l/syw^iuVs  I'ond  ;  thence  l»y  Henrif  //'oo</'s  land  td  ii  iii,;,,. 
called  Pochabo(jii(U.  Nahiids(!t  River  is  named  as  a  northern  hoiuuljin;  liiij 
the  two  "places"  called  Tusconinnesl  niu\  Mtsnapnnoh  urv  also  ii.iiii(i|,  iii,,. 
M'isc  a  pond  called  Snip(Hdt,nm\  a  "river's  mouth  called  Tnppatinlt  \\\,n 
riuineth  into  a  pond  calliMl  (^uiltuwaslielt."  Two  English,  Sum  //(/m/, aini 
Joseph  of  Namasket,  wen;  witnesses. 

1  Novemher  107;},  If'illinm  H'atuspaqntn,  .'hsawela,  Tobias  and  Bewnl.uj 
£10  sell  to  three  English  of  Jiarnstable  a  tract  of  land  hoiindetl  li\  ({ij.. 
tacpiash  I'oiid  northerly,  hy  Uiietuquash  River  easterly,  Hnepetuitt  PoikI,  iV. 

14  May,  1G75,  the  two  7\t^pmpiins,  father  and  son,  "  make  ovrr  lo  jrij 
Tompson,  Constant  Southworth  and  others,  of  iMiddlehoroiigh,  "all  lliiitirai 
of  land  which  we  now  have  in  possession,  called  (commonly  .7«mhviii,j>; 
neck  or  necks,  aiid  plai-es  adjacent,"  as  a  security  against  the  claims  otdiliiri, 
&r.  of  other  lands  dcseded  at  the  same  time  ;  itj  thereibre,  they  are  not  div 
tiirbed  u\  the  possession  of  the  former  lands  (h'(Mled,  then  they  "are  not  lo 
be  oiited  of  A:<sawamsett  neck."  Poituwo,  alias  Daniel,  Poyman,  PagatI,'  aliaj 
Joseph,  were  witnesses. 

For  the  land  deeded  they  received  £!J.'J,  "  sterling."  It  consisted  of  iiiilaiid! 
and  meadows  about  tlu;  pond  called  JVinipoket,  (^mticus,\  Scv.,  and,  jud™: 
from  the  price  paid,  was,  no  doubt,  a  very  large  tract. 

Thus  are  a  few  of  the  acts  of  IVatuspaquin  sketched  previous  to  tin;  war. 
VVe  are  now  to  trace  his  operations  in  cpiite  another  sphere,  hi  our  (i|miiiiii, 
Mr.  Huhhnrd  was  right  in  styling  him  "the  next  noted  captain  to  Pliilip^ki 
erroneously  calls  Old  Tuspaipdn  "the  JJIack-sacliem's  son."  He  (juts  iiji 
appear  to  have  known  of  the  son  WiUiarn.  Indeed,  we  hear  nothing  uriiiiu 
ill  the  war,  but  it  is  probable  In;  shared  the  liite  of  bis  father. 

In  the  spring  of  l(i7<l,  Titspaquin  wun  marching  from  place  to  pliiccMviili 
about  tlOO  men,  and  was  doubtless  in  high  ex|iectatioii  of  hiiiiihliiiL'  tlit 
jiridi^  of  his  enemies,  and,  but  for  Philip's  western  disasters,  occasioned  k 
the  disatlection  of  his  I'ocomptiicks  and  tithers,  his  expectations  ini;:ii!  liav- 1 
been  r(>ali/ed.  it  was  doubtless  under  his  direction  that  \\)  hllil(lillL'^ 
Scitiiate  were  burnt  on  iiO  April ;  and  on  the  8  May,  had  not  a  shower  |ir 
vented,  most,  if  not  all,  the  houses  in  Bridgewater  would  have  sliaml  i 
Hanie  liite.  Tuspnipiin  was  known  to  have  led  his  men  in  this  Jittai,,.. , 
The  inhabitants  exerted  themselves  to  repel  the  Indians,  but,  coiisriiiii« 
their  strength,  they  maintained  their  ground  until  the  next  day,  wlicn  il 
retreated.  Notwiihstanding  the  raiii,tliey  succeeded  in  burning  17  bnildiiiM 
befon-  they  d«!cainped. 

On  11  May,  l(i7(i,  there  were  eleven  bouses  and  five  barns  burnt  in  I'lim- 
outh,  and  a  f»!W  w<;eks  aftfjr,  seven  houses  more  and  two  burns.    TIm-i'I 


*  Two  ninni"s,  proUahly  ;  bul  ia  llic  M.S.  llierc  is  no  comma  between,  as  is  often  ilic  ci'' 
t  Titinil,  proliiibly   now. 

{  iMr.  Iliihhiinl  suyi,  {NaT.  71.)  the  Indians  were  led  by  one  Tusguogiii,  but  \\c  arc  ji" 
ficd  Tuspaquin  is  uicaut. 


nl'  Pliinoiith  to  1 


Cj,,y  HI]  TUSPAQUIN.— HIS  TOMPANY  SURPRISED.  69 

wrri'  prnbaltly  siicli  ns  wore  at  a  considcrablo  distance  from  the  villajio,  and 
1,1 1  cliicfly  li<'<!n  deserted.     This  "  nuscliiuf"  was  attributed  to  Tuapnquin 

mill  Ills  111''"' 

Vhoiit  tills  time,  Benjamin  Church  was  commissioned  by  tlie  t^overmnent 
nt  I'liinoiitl'  to  lead  parties  in  dirtbrent  directions  over  the  colony;  and  Croiii 
,1,,.  time  lie  coiiimeneed  ojierntions,  tlic  Indians  found  but  few  opportimit-es 
„  ii iscliief  in  Plimoutli  colony. 

fidtinujuin  still  kcjit  his  frroimd  in  the  Assawomset  country,  and  for  a  lonjf 
•iiiic  Imllled  all  the  skill  Captain  Church  was  master  of  inhisendeavoi-s  to  t!il\<! 
iiiiii  piisoiier.  Church  n-ceived  his  eommission  i24July,  1()7(!,  and  the  same 
iiiiflit  set  out  on  an  exj)e(lition  aj^aiiist  Tuspaquin.  His  Indian  scouts  brouj^lit 
|;jm  licfore  ilay  upon  a  company  of  his  people  in  Middleborough,  every  one 
It' wliDiii  fell  into  his  hands.  How  many  there  were,  C'/ii(rc/i  does  ni.t  say. 
Ill' look  tliem  directly  to  Pliuiouth,  "and  <lispos(!d  of  them  all,"  except  "one; 
J,//(n/,  who,  provinjf  very  injfenious  and  liiithful  to  lim  in  iniormiu}^  where 
iiilici  [liUTcIs  of  the  Indians  harbored,  Capt.  ChurcX  iiromised  him,  that  if 
i,  ((iiitiiiiied  to  be  fiiithfu!  to  him,  Ik;  should  not  be  sold  out  of  the  country, 
illlt^ll(lll!(l  be  his  waitiu}^  man,  to  take  care  of  his  horse,  &c.,  and  aecord- 
ii,;;l\  lie  served  hinifaithlidly  as  long  as  he  lived."* 

iiiiis  strengthened  by  Tuspaquin^s  own  men.  Church  pursued  his  successes 
witli  iiiiiiiifold  advantage.  Ihere  was  a  small  tribe  residing  near  Munponset 
I'miil,  wliicli  was  next  ca])tured  without  loss  on  either  side,  and  there  was 
liincct'oitli  scarcely  u  week  passed  wherein  he  <lid  not  capture  some  of  tlx'se 
|ii'(i|ili'. 

.Not  long  after  this,  it  was  found  that  Tiuipaquin  had  encamped  about 
A^siwDiiisct,  and  Church  set  out  on  an  expedition  there ;  but  tinding  Old 
7'iW/w('/Hin  was  ready  t()r  him  at  the  neck  Iwitween  the  two  great  ponds,  f  ho 
\\:i<  ulad  to  make  the  best  of  his  way  on  towards  Acushnet  and  Dartmouth. 
A>  III'  was  crossing  Assawouiset  neck,  a  scout  from  Tuspaquiri's  camp  fired 
ii|mii  liini,  but  did  liim  nn  injury. 

Miaiiwhile  the  great  Annnwon  having  been  surprised  by  the  indefatigable 
('/ni/t/i,  Tiispr.rnin  saw  no  chance  of  holding  out  long;  he  thenifore  a[»pears 
iiltrwanls  only  intent  tipon  keei)ing  out  of  the  wr.y  of  the  English.  This 
fiiiilil  not  lie  long  reasonably  expected,  as  their  scouts  were  ranging  in  ev«!ry 
liirci'tioii. 

On  4  Sept.  1070,  according  to  C/iior/i's  account,  TuspcLquin^s  company 
WW  t'ncani|)cd  near  Si|)pican,  doiug  "great  damage  to  the  English  in  kill- 
in;'  ilicir  cattle,  horses  and  swine."  The  next  day.  Church  and  his  rangers 
«c  ic  ill  their  neighborhood,  and,  after  observing  their  situation,  which  was 
"siitiiiir  round  their  ftres  in  a  thick  place  of  brucb,"|  in  seeming  safety,  the 
iM|it;iiM  "ordered  every  man  to  cre(;|)  as  he  did;  and  surrounded  them  by 
(■n(|iiiiir  as  near  as  they  could,  till  they  should  be  discovered,  aud  then  to 
mil  oil  upon  them,  and  tak(!  them  alive,  if  possible,  (for  their  prisoners  were 
tliiir  pay.)  Tlu^y  did  so,  taking  every  one  that  was  at  the  fires,  not  one 
iN'iiliiiiir,  Upon  examination,  they  agreed  in  their  story,  that  they  belonged 
\'t  TiKpaquin,  who  was  gone  with  John  Hump  and  one  more  to  Agawom  and 
r'iliii  in  to  kill  horses,  and  were  not  ex|»ected  back  in  two  or  three  days."§ 
C/ii/fc/i  pioeeeds :  "This  same  Tispaquin  had  been  a  great  captain,  and  the 
liiili.ins  lepoited  that  he  was  such  a  great  pouwaii,  [priest  or  conjurer,]  that 
iioliiilli't  could  entiM-  him.  Capt.  Church  said  he  would  not  have  him  killed, 
lirtJH'ie  was  a  war  broke  out  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  country,  and  ho 
wiiiilii  have  him  saved  to  go  with  them  to  fight  the  eastern  Indians.  Agree- 
alilv.  lie  li  ft  two  old  s(|uaws  of  the  prisoners,  and  bid  them  tarry  there  until 
till  ii'  Captain  Tispaquin  n;turned,  and  to  tell  him,  that  Church  had  be(!n 
iliiiv,  and  had  taken  his  wife,  children  and  company,  and  carried  them 
luwii  to  Plymouth ;  and  would  s[)are  all  their  lives,  and  his  too,  if  he  would 


■  Chiirrli,  Narrnlive,  31. 

*  .liisi  liclow  when!  f^amvsnn's  tavern  now  stands. 

;  I  ■-i^iK.Tt  Mr.  Hiililntiil  mistakes  llic  siuialinii  of  this  plare.  in  snyinp  it  was  "in  I.akci- 
lum.  ii|Hin  I'ocassol  neck."'  Cliiiirli  is  so  uiiri'jfardiiif^  of  ail  p;(!og;ra|>liy,  liiat  it  is  (|iiiu,'  iin- 
rrriaiii  wiiprc"  it  was.     ICit  wore  near  Sippicaii,  it  was  a  long  way  iroin  any  part  of  Pocasset. 

j  By  this  it  seems  the  place  miglit  have  been  as  far  oil"  as  Pocasset. 


vf.«'«^ 


■1  '-if  ,«'(.•.-,■ 


•.'.4.;  ,:■:■  /Sl-^jH*] 

^  1 '.  J  '^' 


GO 


TUSPAQUIN  'MtJRDERED  AT  PLIMOUTII.— TATOSOX.    [n„„K  i  ; 


CHAP.  III.]    TA7 


iC'V. 


coiim  (Imvii  to  tlu'tii  ;m(    'iriiiir  tin' otlmr  two  tliat  wore  with  Iiim,  and  ti,,,, 
plioiild  ■><•  his  sohlicrs,  &  r.     ('jipt.  Church  then  n'tiinicd  to  I'lymoiitli, 
ii)^'  till'   iiid   sijiiaws  wii!  provich-d  for,  and   hiskct  for   Tisp(tqu\n  wIm- 
rctiiriitd." 

This  Church  (•idl<'d  hiving  a  trajt  for  Tvupaqnin,  and  it  turned  out  ,„  |, 
expected.  We  siiall  nov  see  with  what  (iiith  the  Mnjrhsli  acted  o?i  iM. 
occasion.  Church  had  assured  liitn  that,  if  h(!  frav«>  Inniseh"  ii]),  lie  j,|,„|,|i 
not  he  killed,  hut  he  was  not  at  I'linionth  when  Tiispnquin  came  in,  |iav:| 
iU'one  to  lioston  on  hnsinoss  for  a  few  days;  "hnt  when  he  returned  i,,, 
l()nn(!,  to  his  <;rief|  the  heads  oi' Jlnnawon,  Tispaquin,  Sec.  cut  i<tY,  \\\{^,:._ 
were  the  last  of  Philip^s  friends"! 

Jt  is  true  tiiat  those  who  were  known  to  have  heen  personally  eiijrn!.'('(!  ■; 
kiHiiig  the  English  were,  in  the  time  of  the  greatest  danger,  cnt  otiiivH 
pardon  hy  a  law;  that  time  had  now  passed  away,  and,  like  ninny  mli . 
laws  of  exigency,  it  should  then  have  heen  considered  a  dead  letter  ;'|p,ivi, 
out  of  the  case  t)ie  faith  and  promise  of  the:'-  hest  servant,  f'/ijHrA.  \j,„ 
it,  thei-efore,  in  any  light,  and  notl'ing  can  Ix'  found  to  justify  this  fliimi; 
im-oad  upon  that  promise.  To  giv(>  to  the  coiKhict  of  the  Plinuaitli  jidwi, 
iu(  lit  a  pretext  Utv  this  nnn-der,  (a  milder  expression  I  camiot  iisi',:  Vr. 
Huhhiml  says,  Tuspaquin  having  jjh  tended  that  ah  diet  could  not  pcmtiiit, 
him,  trial  of  his  invuhi(>rahleness  was  resolved  u|)(.ri.  80  Ik;  was  pl!iciil:;> 
a  mark  to  shoot  jit,  and  "he  fell  down  Jit  the  first  shot"! 

This  was  (h)uhtless  the  end  of  mnnerous  others,  as  Ave  infir  frnm  t||H 
fidlowiiig  passage;  in  Dr.  Mather's  Tm-.v alkncy  ok  Pkaykh.  lie  nsks, 
"Where  are  the  six  Narraganset  sachems,  with  idl  their  cajytains  and  00111,. 
sellors  ?  Where  are  the  Nipmuck  sachems,  with  their  captains  nnd  nii;i,. 
sellors  ?  Where  is  Philip  and  Si/iinw-nKchem  of  Pocasset,  with  nil  tlnir 
caj)tains  and  coimsellors?  (Jod  do  so  to  all  the  implaca))l(>  eiicniic^  m 
Christ,  and  of  his  jteople  in  N.  England"! !  The  next  of  Philip's  ciiiitiiii,., 
in  our  arrangement,  is 

T.'1T0S0y,  also  u  great  captain  in  the  war  of  107.').  It  seems  ratlicr  im. 
certain  whether  he  were  a  Narraganset  or  Wampimoag.  He  (or  niif 
bearing  the  same  name)  .signed  the  treaty  made  w ith  the  NarragiiiiMts  in 
the  heginninjr  of  the  war.  It  is  cpiite  certain  that  his  residence  ath'r\viiri|> 
was  in  Sandwich,  since  Rochester;'  and  Aslien  he  signed  the  treaty  jn-i 
named,  it  is  prohahle  he  was  only  among  the  Narragansets  upon  a  nii<>iH|i 
or  visit.  H(!  was  a  son  of  the  "  noted  Sam  Harrow,"  hut  of  Ids  ohh 
flimily,  or  whether  he  had  any,  we  are  not  informed. 

We  first  meet  witli  Tat()Son,\  ...-,  as  his  name  is  conunonly  printed,  Tofc- 
so?J,  in  1(I()(i,  in  the  respectahli'  com|iany  of  Mr.  .'■Secretary  .il/or/oH  iil' I'lini- 
onth, and  Acnnnotus,  If'annoo,  two  "giaiie  and  sage  Indians,"  aiida  Diinliir 
more,  of  whose  characters  we  are  not  so  well  prepared  to  sjuak.  Aiiidi!:; 
this  assemhlage  he  is  oidy  conspicuous,  however,  as  a  witness  to  a  di iil  ni 
the  lands  upon  H'eequancdt  nock.  Mr.  ^1/or/on's  name  follows  Trt/oso/iVii 
tliis  instrument. 

There  was  a  general  disarming  of  the  Indians  in  1(571,  ns  will  elsi  \vi  .r 
be  mentioned.  Among  a  great  mindier  ordered  to  appear  i.t  IMiiiKiiiili  tli 
sauic  year,  to  bind  themselves  more  strongly  in  allegiance  to  the  Kii^li-li. 
we  lind  the  name  of  7'«/oso??,  or,  as  his  natne  was  then  written,  7'rtii/6;  11. 
Also  Tohy,  alias  J\/'auhnocomwit,\  and  ff'ill,  alias  Washnwmma. 

On  th(!  ]2(h  of  June,  1G70,  several  Indians,  who  had  !>een  sent  in  !;. 
Dru>lf(rrd  i\m\  Church,  were  "convented  hel'oi(>  the  councell  "  at  Pliiiiniitli; 
beit'g  "such  of  them  as  were  accused  of  working  viisufl"erahle  inisdiiit'i 
vpon  some  of  ours."    Among  tlu-m  was  one  named  Watukpoo,  or,  ii>  Ic 


1^1 


*  On  tlio  rii;lit  of  llio  niniii  road,  as  yon   pass  from   IMatapoisol  to  Rorlirstor  yilln;p,Jirij 
al)ont  two  mill's  from  tlie  former,  at   a  small  di'-lniicc   froiri  llie  road,  is  a  kind  of  i>lciii(liiii 
miry  swanij).     I'jioii  this,  it  is  said,  was  7'r/<i,v(i;/'.v  camp.     'I'liis  island  is  coiinci'lud  liv as  j 
isthmus  to  llic  main  liind. 

t  So  almost  always  in  die  MSS. 

I  Sonietimos  railed  'I'olnj  ('oh.     The  same,  wo  ronrtudc,  wlio  joiinul  Philip  aflcrnarii! 
and  fell  into  the  hands  of  Captain  Church,  as  did  his  mother,  and  many  moreal  (lie  same  lint 


TATOSON.— TAKES  A  GARRISON   AT  PLIMOUTII. 


01 


Hj  Ills 


Chap.  "I.] 

often  called,  Tukpoo.*     Af^aiiist  him,  several  charges  were  brou^'ht,  such 
is  iroiiifi:  off  to  the  enemy,  aiul  trying  to  deceive  the  governor  uboiit  tlie 

igm'Ct  ot"  war ;  telling  him  that  P/u'/i/Zs  men  had  deserted  him,  and  that 
h  liad  only  a  few  old  iii'jn  and  hoys  remaining.  At  this  time  wen;  present 
t'l  ree  other  Indiana,  whose  names  were  IVoodcock,  Q^tutnnpawhan  iiud  John- 
The  two  Hrst  were  accused  hy  a  squaw  of  destroying  Clnrk\i  garrison 
t  iVi  River  •"  Plimonth,  and  murdering  the  inhabitants.  This  had  bien 
ilmif  on  the  12  March  previous,  and  witli  such  secrecy  and  effect,  that  the 
I'liirlisli  knew  not  whom  to  accuse  of  it.  Many  supposed  that  JVatusmuiuin 
Muuliii'tcil  tlie  affair,  and  Mr.  Hubbard  charges  it  upon  him  without  liesita- 
ijoii  hut  it  is  now  ([uite  certain  that  he  hacl  nothing  to  do  with  it,  as  in  the 
<m\c\  we  shall  show. 

Till'  two  just  mentioned,  finding  themselves  detected,  accused  their  fellow 
iii>iiii('r,  John-num.  It  ap|)ears  that  JVum  not  only  ovvnod  himself  guilty  of 
this  cliarfre,  but  acknowledged,  also,  that  he  was  concerned  in  the  nundcr  of 
-  jncob  Milcbel  and  his  wife,  and  John  Pope,\  and  soe  centance  of  death  was 
nroiioiinced  against  them,  which  accoiJingly  emedintoly  was  executed." 

Hi'fore  tliese  were  executed,  they  implicated  a  fourth,  whose  name  was 
Kf.wee.nam.  Although  Taloson  commanded  the  company  that  put  to  dfsath 
(lie  peoiiie  at  Clark's  garrison,  yet  Keweeimm  set  the  expedition  on  foot.  He 
lived  at  Sandwich,  and  was  probably  one  of  Tatosoii's  men.  However,  on 
Satnnlav,  the  11  March,  he  was  at  Mr.  William  Clark''s,imd  observed  how 
,.virv  pint  of  the  garrison  was  conditioned.  He  then  went  to  his  chiiif, 
TirfMO",  and  told  him  that  it  coidd  be  ej.  ly  taken,  as  it  was  but  sliglitly 
toriitied;  and  that  the  next  day,  being  Sunday,  would  be  the  proper  time  to 
ixcriite  their  plan,  as  the  residents  would  mostly  be  gone  to  nieeting;  "and 
incase  tiiey  left  a  man  at  home,  or  so,  they  might  soon  dispatch  him." 

This  intelligence  was  pleasing  to  Taioson,  and  he  foiuid  himself  ar.  the 
liemi  often  warriors  the  same  day.  Their  names  were  asiollows:  fVoo- 
nmhcnah,  Musquash,  fVapanpotoett,  Tom,  "the  son  of  Talosori's  brotlHT," 
I'ilsooweest,  and  Tom  Piant ;  which,  with  the  thre»)  before  named,  made  tip 
the  whole  conipany.  Commencing  their  march  before  night,  they  arrived 
ill  ihi' bordei-s  of  Plimouth,  where  they  lay  concealed  until  the  |)eople  had 
piMi'  to  pnhlic  worship.  About  10  o'clock  in  the  morning,  they  came  ujion 
till' iranison,  which  fell  e^ ./dy  into  their  hands.  Atler  killing  all  they  met 
with,  they  took  what  jdunder  they  coidd  carry,  and  burned  the  buildings ; 
then  Hfrain  ilispei-sed  into  the  woods. 

Tiieie  were  some  of  two  other  families  in  this  garrison,  mostly  women 
and  cliiidren.  Three  only  were  of  Mr,  Clark^s  family,  but  there  were  eight 
otliirs  belonging  to  the  other  two.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Clark,  t  one  of  tlie  heads 
of  tlie  family,  was  among  the  slain.  § 

*  This  Indian,  whom  we  shall  have  ocrasion  several  times  to  mention,  was  not  one  of  those 
i<ea\\n\fy  Bnulforil,  as  appears  from  Mather,  (Brief  Hist.  40  )  but  they  "informed  that  a 

bloudv  Indian  called  Tiickpno,  (who  the  last  summer  murdered  a  man  of  Roslou,  at  Namas- 
1  liei.)  wilh  ahout  20  Indians  more,  was  at  a  place  within  IG  miles  of  Plimouth."     Kif.lit 

£D;li)h  and  fourteen  Indians  succeeded  in  takmg  them  all,  and  Tuckpoo  was  immedia'dy 
I  eiecuied. 
t  The  murder  of  these  people  is  supposed   to  be  referred  to  by  Mr.   Hiihbard  in  his 

'■Ta''le  "  The  passage  follows  :  "  In  June,  l(i7G,  [1C75?]  a  man  and  a  woman  were  slain  by 
I  llif  Iniliaiis ;  another  woman  was  wounded  and  taken  ;  but  because  she  had  kept  an  In.lian 
I  tliilil  kforc,  so  much  kindness  was  showed  her,  as  that  she  was  sent  back,  after  they  had 
Idrp^scil  her  wound  ;  the  Indians  guarded  her  till  she  came  within  sight  of  the  English."  Mr. 
1  .ViWif/ iiilbrins  us  that  the  name  of  the  wounded  woman  was  Dorothy  Haywood.  See  1  Coll. 
\Miss.  [list.t^or.  vii.  1.51). 

■  Wlin  was  the  daughter  of  a  go<lly  father  and  mother,  that  came  to  N.  Englan<l  on  the 
I  acrniinl  of  religion."     '•  They  also  killed  her  sucking  child,  and  knocked  another  child  (who 
|»a>al)(mt  eight  years  old)  in  the  head,  supposing  they  had  killed  him,  but  afterwards  he 
|(amc  lo  himself"     /.  i)f,ith,'r,  Rri<-f  Hist.  24. 
4  \Vc  relate  all  that  is  to  be  found  in  the  MS.  records,  but  the  author  of  the  Presmt  folate, 

tf.  Iiiinishes  the  following  valuable  farts  ,  "  About  this  lime,  [his  Inst  dale  mentioned  being 
jiniari'li,]  one  Mr.  Clarke's  wife,  children,  and  all  his  family,  at  his  farm-house,  two  miles 
Ifroin  I'limouih,  were  surprised  and  killed,  except  one  boy,  who  was  knockt  down,  and  left  for 
liltail,  liut  afterwards  taken  up  and  revived.  The  house  they  plundered  of  provision  and 
hoods  to  a  great  value  ;  eight  complete  arms,  30/.  [lb.]  of  powder,  wilh  an  answerable  quan 

6 


1mm 


-Mm 

':K'  ■,■'11  ''f'fl^S 


.  .■,*■  .-'a* 

yi    rji'" 


63 


TATOSON.— SWAMP  FIGHT. 


[noiiK 


Keweenam  was  behendml,  but  liow  tlio  other  tlirno  wpit  (liHj)os((|  dt;  „, 
am  not  iiiforirind  ;  it  is  v(!rv  jtrobahic  that  tlic;  whoh;  iiunilier  siitrcicd  in  ,|||^ 
tiiiie.  At  tlie  trial  of  Ketoeenam  and  tiio  otlirr  thrco,  some  ot"  tlicin  pIcKU 
tliat  the  jrovenior's  proclainatioii  was  now  tlieir  jd'otcction  ;  i'min  wlii, ), :, 
vvouhl  8(!eiii  tliat  tliey  bad  surrendered  themselves.  ]bit  tliere  was  nom  ,„ 
plead  their  ease,  except  their  aecuser.s,  and  they  e.\|)lained  things  jn  i||,,|^ 
own  way.  The  conrt  said,  "Forasmuch  as  th(^  council  had  licfoii.  ii^j, 
en<;afjed  to  several  Indians  desirous  to  come  in  and  tender  tiieinsclvis  ij, 
mcu-cv,  that  tiioy  should  find  tiivor  in  so  doing:  it  was  fidly  iiindc  kmiwino 
sncii  Indians  as  were  then  |)reHent,  that  tht;  said  enp»>r»'m<Mit  iww  to  ),c  i/,,,;,^. 
stood  with  exception  agains:  »U(di  as  by  murdcu'  as  above  said  laid  so  ,||.|,,,| 
und  not  a<^ainst  such  as  killed  his  en(;mi(;  in  the  iield  in  n  souldierlikiwav' 

This  kind  of  argument  woidd  answer  aitiong  duelists,  but  wlicii  iljil  ti,, 
Lidians  agnje  to  fight  the  Enjrlish  according  to  </i«iV  rulers  of  war?  pi,,, 
former  might  with  ecpial  [)ropriety  demand  that  the  English  should  roiiliirm 
to  their  manner,  and  not  depcuid  on  their  mimbers,  forts,  and  siiiKrinr 
weapons. 

Although  the  murder  at  Clark's  garrison  was  one  of  those  horrililc  wu 
in  Indian  warfare,  which  would  Justily  the  most  rigid  retaliation,  t^till,  (i.^iii,, 
English  began  the  war,  they  had  no  right  to  expect  but  that  it  wiiii|i||,f 
prosecuted  by  the  Indians  in  all  the  ways  at  their  command.  On  this  irroin,,! 
the  philanthropist  will  ever  condenm  the  severity  of  the  English. 

When  C'aptain  Church  came  upon  Philip  and  a  great  number  of  liis|iioiil(., 
the  3d  of  August,  1()7(),  "  Tispaquin,  Totoson,  &c."  preventfid  the  emir,. 
destruction  of  some  of  them,  by  condjating  the  English  while  tliciniijif 
and  others  extricated  themselves  from  a  small  swamp  into  which  thcv  haj 
fled.  "In  this  swamp  skirmish  Caj)t.  Church  with  his  two  nun  wliiih 
always  ran  by  his  side  as  his  guard,  met  with  three  of  the  enemy,  two  of 
which  surrendered  themselves,  and  the  captain's  gnard  seized  thcin;  tut 
the  other,  bei  ig  a  great  stout  surly  fellow,  with  his  two  locks  ty'd  ii|i  wiili 
red,  and  a  great  rattlesnake's  skin  banging  to  the  back  ])art  of  lii.s  luaj, 
(whom  Cu[)t.  Church  concluded  to  be  Totoson,)  ran  from  them  into  tlie 
Bwamp.  Capt.  Church  in  person  pursued  him  close,  till,  coming  pretty  mai 
up  with  him,  presented  his  gun  between  his  shoulders,  but  it  missiiit' tire, 
the  Indian  perceiving  it,  turned  and  presented  at  Cajrt.  Church,  and  nn>yiii» 
fire  also,  (their  guns  taking  wet  with  the  fog  and  dew  of  the  niorniiiL',)  l« 
the  Indian  turinng  short  lor  another  run,  bis  foot  trip'd  in  a  small  «rn\)e. 
vine,  and  he  fell  Hat  on  his  face.  Capt.  Church  was  by  this  time  up  witli 
him  and  struck  the  irnj//de  of  his  gun  an  inch  and  an  half  into  tlie  hiiek 
part  of  his  head,  which  (lis|)atched  him  without  another  blow.  But  Ca|n, 
Church  looking  behind  him  saw  Totoson,  the  Indian  whom  he  tho't  lie  lifj 
killed,  come  flying  at  him  like  a  dragon ;  but  this  happened  to  be  liiir  in 
sight  of  the  guard  that  were  set  to  keep  the  prisoners,  who  sjtying  Totom 
and  others  that  were  following  him,  in  the  very  seasonable  juncture  inade 
a  shot  upon  them,  and  rescued  their  captain,  though  he  was  in  no  sii 
danger  fiom  his  friends'  biillets,  for  some  came  so  near  him  that  he  tiioiislii  I 
he  felt  the  wind  of  them."  *  Tlie  celebrated  Church,  in  the  skirmishes  lie  | 
had  in  these  two  days,  August  1  and  2,  took  and  killed  173  Indians. 

Little  more  than  a  month  after  the  fall  of  Philip,  Church  surjirised  Tdo- 1 
sons  whole  company,  about  50  pereons.     He  was  the  last  that  was  leil  of '.lie  j 
family  of  Barrow;  and,  says  Church,  "the  wretch  reflecting  upon  tlie  nii» 
able  condition  he  had  brought  himself  into,  his  heart  became  a  stone  «itliiii 
him,  and  he  died.     The  old  squaw  [that   Church  had  employed  to  perMdel 
him  to  submit]  flung  a  few  leaves  ansl  brush  over  him — came  into  Suiidwifli, 
and  gave  this  account  of  bis  death ;  and  offered  to  show  them  where  she  \m 
his  body,  but  never  had  an  opportunity,  lor  she  immediately  fell  siek  anilj 
died  also." 

The  late  of  the  father  of  Tatoson  does  not  so  much  excite  synipathViaij 


tity  of  lead  for  biillnts,  and  l.TO/.  in  ready  money  ;  ihn  said  Mr.  Clark  himself  narroalj 
escaping  liieir  cruelly,  by  Ueinar  at  that  inslaiU  at  a  meeting." 
*  Ihsi.  PhUip's  War,  41. 


[P.OdK  1!I 

(lisytoscd  nt',  «, 
sniVcnMl  ill  (111,. 
r  tliriii  |i|ciii|i,l 
;  iVoin  wli'nli  |, 

n-i'.   WIIS  11(1111.  In 

tliitiirs  ill  i|||.|r 
liiid  Itcfiiri'  till* 
r  tliciiiscKis  i„ 

iiiiidc  kiKiwiiK, 
f  was  to  he  iiiK.'/r. 
lid  liiid  s(i  iicti.il 
nuldicrliki' Wiiv." 
ilt  wlicii  dill  i||i. 
s  of  war  ?  Till 
I  slioiild  riiiil'iirii, 
•ts,   and  siipcriiir 

ose  liorrililc  iku 

iutioll,  Htill,  listl:!^ 

that  it  wiiiiiill.. 
1.  (.)n  this  irrmiii,! 
,i)f!;lisli. 

nber  ol'liis  jicniili., 
ventcul  tlu"  ciiiin. 
1  while  tliciniiiff 
to  wliicli  llu'v  liaii 
two   iiu'ii  wiiiii, 
the  enemy,  two  m' 
seized  tliciii;  lii,i 
locks  ty'd  11])  Willi 
:  ])art  of  hiK  luail, 
om  them  into  ilit 
coming  jn-ptty  mai 
but  it  iiiissiiii  tirf, 
Church,  and  iiiis^in' 
the  niorniiiL'.j'iiiit 
[l  ill  a  small  !;ra|if- 
this  time  up  wiili 
half  into  tlie  Imii 
blow.    But  l'H|it. 
mi  he  tho't  lie  Id 
lened  to  be  liiir  iii 
ivho  spying  Toloson 
fble  juiiclure  made 
lie  was  in  no  ^^lall 
,iiin  that  he  tliousk  I 
the   skiniiisliP;'  lie  j 
3  Indians, 
fc/i  suriiriscd  Jfflo- 
that  was  left  of  the  j 
ig  upon  the  niisT. 
trie  a  stone  within  I 
[ployed  to  ]wmm 
tune  into  Saiulwick 
.leiu  where  t'lieW 
[iately  fell  sick  anil 

excite  sympathy,  aj  I 
^Zartir  himself  narro«lj| 


fiiAi- 


III.] 


MUIIDKU  OF  BAUROW.-TIASIIQ. 


68 


liw  tliiit  of  the  son,  luit  is  one  of  those  cases  iiinro  calnilnted  to  aroiino  the 

.•.rcir  imssion.x.     The  old  chief  (idl  into  tin.'  hands  of  Captain  Church,  in  one 

r  liis  successful  expeditions  in  the  vicinity  <>f  Cape  Cod.     Church  says,  in 

I  ■  |,|;;torv,  that  he  was  "  as  noted  a  ro;.'iie  as  any  among  the  enemy."     Caj)- 


iiiii  Cliitr'rh  told  liiiii  that  the  jjovernnient  would  not  permit  him  to  jjrani 
I  iiii  iiniirter,  "  because  of  his  iniinmaii  murders  and  barbarities,"  and  there 
llirc  (ijiieied  him  to  prepare  for  execution 


'  77./.S7/Q,*  ">•  TlV7.S'A'.S't"wasthe  next  mnii  to  Philip,^^  »nys  Church  ;t\ 
Hviv  iiiliers  also  said  to  be  "  next  to  iiim,"  and   it  may  be  all   recoiicijt'd 


Harrow  ri'plied,  that  the  sea 

•  .iii'i'  III'  death  a^'ainst  him  was  just,  and  that  indeed  he  was  ashamed  to  live 

iiiv  iiiiii'er,  and  di'sirt.'d  no  more  liivor,  than  to  smoke  a  w  hill' <d' tobacco 

lii.iorr  ills  execution.     When  be    had  taken  a  few  w hill's,  In;  said,  'J    am 

,,,|y.' ii|)i)M  which  one  ul  Captain  Churches  Indians  sunk  his  hatchet  into 

i«  hraiiis." 

tliero 

.  '-y 

tiiniKisiMf:  these  ciii<'ls  as  havinj;  tiie  chief  command  over  particular  tribes. 
Mr.  \iul)ha>''l\  says  only  this  of  the  famous  Tiashtj :  "  In  June  last,  [l<i7(i,]  one 
TiWw,  "  jrreat  cajitaiu  of  Philip^s,  his  wife  and  child,  or  children,  bein<^ 
|.il;,  ii_  tlioiifrh  he  escaped  himself  at  first,  yet  came  siinv?  and  siirrenderecl 
||i,iiv  ll!"  l)f.  /.  Mather,  writin<,'  under  date  of '^2  Jidy,  I(i7(),  says  it  was  "this 
jj,,  1<"  that  (>aptain  C7iitrc/i  and  his  Indian  soldiers  Itdl  upon  Tiashq  and  his 
idiiiiiaiiy.  It  appeai-s  therefore  that  iMr.  Huhhnrd  is  in  error,  as  tiie  account 
i-iviMi  In  Church  corroborates  that  otMulhe.r,  who  spcsaks  thus  of  his  o|)era- 
[joiis:  "It  having  been  his  manner  .vlien  he  taketb  any  Indians  by  a  promise 
ul  Taviir  to  them,  in  case  theyac(iuit  themselves  well,  to  set  tiiem  an  hunting 
at'tii'  Mioie  of  the.se  wolves,  wiien^by  the  worst  of  them  sometimes  do  sin- 
jiiiliii' "ooil  service  in  finding  out  th(!  rest  of  their  bloody  fellows.  In  one  of 
till..;' skinnishes,  Tinshq,  Philip^s  chief  captain,  ran  away  leaving  his  gun  be- 
liiiiil  liiiM,  and  his  squaw,  who  was  taken."  §  These  Indian  soldiers,  who 
iiiitiiriii'il  this  exploit,  were  forcerl  upon  it  by  Church.  Tiiey  had  be(?ri 
siikiiiL'  Indians  about  Aponaganset  River,  and  discovered  that  a  large  coiii- 
p:iny  of  tlieiii  had  ju.  c  been  gatiiering  the  apjiles  at  a  dese-ted  settlement  on 
ill.'  ciist  side  of  it.  The  English  ami  Indians  immediately  pursued  in  their 
track. I  "Traveling  three  miles  or  more,  they  came  into  tlie  country  road, 
ivlierc  the  track  parted:  one  parcel  steered  towards  tiie  west  end  of  the 
p-pat  codar  swamp,  and  the  other  to  the  cast  end.  The  captain  halted  and 
till  his  Indian  souldiers  that  they  bad  heard  as  well  as  he  what  some  men 
liail  said  at  Plymouth  alioiit  theni,1[  &c.,  that  now  was  a  good  ojijiortunity  for 
eaiii  [laily  to  jirove  themselves.  The  track  being  divided,  they  should  fol- 
low imi,  and  the  Engli.sh  the  other,  being  ecpial  in  number.  The  Indians 
drliiicd  the  motion,  and  were  not  willing  to  move  any  where  without  him: 

I  .«iii(l  /%  should  not  think  themselves  safe  ivithout  him.  But  the  captain  insisting 
iipdii  it,  tiiey  submitted.  lie  gave  the  Indians  their  choice  to  follow  whicli 
track  till  \  pleased.     They  re[)lied.  They  were  light  and  able  to  travel,  therefore 

Ufhfulense'd  llmj  would  take  the  west  track.  And  ajipointing  the  ruins  of  John 
(mil  s  house  at  Cushnet  **  for  the  place  to  meet  at,  eacli  company  set  out 

[biiskh  to  try  their  fortunes."  ft  When  the  jiarties  met,  "  they  very  remark- 
ilily  t'oiind  that  the  number  that  each  company  had  taken  and  slain  was 

|e(|iial.  The  Indians  bad  killed  three  of  the  enemy,  and  taken  Gii  pri.soiiei-s, 
ilic   English    had    done    before    them."||:      Both    ])arties    were    much 

irjiiiced  at  their  successes,  but  the  Indians,  told  Captain  Church  "  that  they  had 

Iniisseil  a  brave  ojiportunity  by  parting.     They  came  upon  a  great  town  of 

Itlii.' enemy,  viz:  Captain  T^cwAm' company.     {Tyaskswiis  the  next  man  to 


*  UMiird,  Mather.  f  Church.  X  Nnrralivp,  lOG. 

ii  llrcl' llisl.  42.  II  Church,  Si. 

'  Till)  (loiosiaiioii  in  which  the  Iiulians  wore  iielcl  by  "  some  men,"  in  many  oihcr  |ilaccs  as 
|«''!!  IK  ill  I'limoutli,  will  often  appear  in  this  work.  Such  people  could  know  nolliing  of 
Ikiiiiiiiiiiauirc.  and  many  wonid  not  have  believed  the  bidians  capable  of  f^ood  actions,  though 
|(|'i.'  '"iji  the  dead  had  assured  them  Ihcy  wore. 

"  AWirovialed  from  Acu'hnet.  See  Doiinlass,  Summary,  i.  40.'},  who  writes  it  Acciishnnt. 
ITiiiis  many  Indian  names  are  changed,  bisteiid  of  Aponaganset,  we  hear  Ponaoaiixet,  and 
Ifcr  AvciiKi,  iSo7?e/,  &c.    Cushnet  is  the  river  on  which  New  Bedford  and  Fairhaven  stand, 

i\(!'irch,il.  UlL)'J-3<>- 


<m 


4i 


V 


!\'^-%i 


>■  I'l 


64 


MA(iNU.M.— IIER  sruriMSE  AND  DEATH. 


[Hook  III, 


Philip.)  Tlioy  finul  tipou  tlio  niPiiiy  h(A'i>t\'  tliey  wore  (IJHCovprrd,  nn,!  rm, 
upon  tliiiii  witli  a  slioiit.  Tlir  iiicii  run  iiiid  l((\  tln'ir  wivrs  and  clulilni, 
and  iiiuiiy  ofthcin  tin  ir  friiiis.  Tlicy  took  TijaM  wifi-  and  sun,  and  tli(iij;.]t 
that  if  tlicir  ctiittain  and  tlic  Kuf-disli  <Miinpan)  had  hrcn  \vith  tliini  t|",, 
niifrht  hnw  taken  Hoinc  li'mdrods  of  them,  and  now  they  dttt  iininiil  iMt  ;; 
part  any  more."*  This  transaction,  in  the  o|)ini()n  of  Captain  ('Irnrh,  w. . 
"n-tnarkahio  iirovidcncr,"  innsniuch,  perhaps,  as  tiio  r'<iiialily  td  thi  ir  m,,. 
cesses  prevenK'd  either  party  from  Ixiastinjr,  or  ehiiniiiij;  superiority  ovnii,. 
other.  Nevertheh'ss,  Clivrrk  adds, — "But  the  Indians  had  tlie  iyrtiim  : 
take  more  arms  than  tiie  Eii<;lisii."  It  wonhl  a(hl  not  a  little,  |ieilin|i.. i, 
the  jjratitieation  of  Uie  render,  couhl  lie  know  the  nana^  of  the  Indian  niin,,,,, 
iu  this  far-famed  exploit,  or  ev(Mi  tliut  of  one  of  his  men;  but  at  present  tlu\ 
are  hid  alike  from  us  and  from  him. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Ci-tf' women  conspicuims  ui  Philip's  wnr — Maonii» — Her  country  and  rehitlnm- 
'(><■  r,apturr.  and  death — Awasiionks — Is  ffreatlij  aiinoijrd  iu  the  rrinis  of  |i;;i_ 
Her  ■':  ■<■  disarmed — Philip's  endrarors  to  nurnge  her  uirainsl  the  Kni;li.-:li~(:ki„,i 
previ,  her — IsJinaHijiithe  power  of  Philip — Reclaimed  by  Church — Suim  mr. 
ticulars  of  her  family. 

Although,  before  we  bad  finished  the  life  of  Weelamoo,  we  dpciind  ji 
proper  to  have  deferred  it  to  this  chapter,  but  us  W(!  had  been  led  ratlicr  im. 
perceptibly  into  many  particnlars  concernin}>:  her  in  that  place,!  we  cniiH 
not  break  off  our  narrative  without  a  fjreater  imp.'opriety  than  un  (imi^idn 
here  would  have  been,  and  shall  therefore  bejiin  here  with  one  ol"  lur  oon. 
temporaries,  the  bare  fiicts  in  whose  life  are  sufficient  to  maintiiia  u  liisli 
int<!rest,  we  believe,  in  the  mind  of  every  reader. 

MAGJ^'US  wii^  sfpiuw-sacbein  of  some  imrt  of  the  extensive  roiintn nf 
the  Narragansets,  and  was  known  by  several  names  at  different  and  tiic  suite 
times  ;  as  Old  Qiieen,  Sunk  Squaw,\  (^uaiapen,  and  Mfitantuck.  Slu;  iimrrinl 
Mriksah,  or  Mexam,  a  son  of  Canonicus,  and  was  sister  to  ,\iniirret.  Hlic  Lul 
two  sons,  .ScwMm/j  and  Qiieqiutqueniid  otherwise  (luequesruneni,  cu\\i'i\  hu\if 
English  Gideon,  and  a  daughter  named  Quinr7niqneL  Tiiese  two  dit-d  yuiiiij 
Gideon  was  alive  as  late  as  IWJl  ;  Scuttnp,  and  a  sister  also,  in  IGtM.  I'iie 
was,  in  1()75,  one  "  of  the  six  present  sachems  of  the  whole  Narragaiwi 
country." 

In  the  l)egimiing  of  Philip''s  war,  the  English  army,  to  cause  tlie  Narrajiaii- 
gets  to  fight  for  them,  whom  they  had  always  abused  and  treated  witli  i  m- 
temi)t,  since  before  the  cutting  off  of  Miuntunnomoh^s  head,  niarclied  liiin 
their  cotintry,  but  could  not  meet  witli  a  single  sachem  of  the  nation.  Tin) 
fell  in  with  a  lew  of  their  people,  who  could  not  well  secrete  tlioinsilvo, 
and  who  concluded  a  long  treaty  of  mere  verbosity,  the  imj)ort  of  wliiclitliH 
could  know  but  little,  and  doubtless  cared  less;  for  when  the  army  lefttlieir 
coimtry,  they  joined  again  in  the  war. 

We  hear  no  more  of  her  until  the  next  year,  when  herself  and  a  law 
company  of  her  men  were  discovered  by  Major  Talcot,  on  tiie  2  JiiKjiil 
Narraganset.      The   English   scouts  discovered    them   from  a  hill,  iiavin» 
{(itched  their  tents  in  a  valley  in  the  vicinity  of  a  swamj),  as  was  iisualh  I 
their  custom.     About  300  of  the  English,  mounted  uj)on  fleet  horses,  iliviiltJ 
into  two  scpiadrons,  and  fell  u|»ou  them  before  they  were  aware  of  tlii'ir  a|i- 1 
proach,  and  made  a  great  slaughter  of  them.   The  Mohegans  and  Pecpiots  caiiit 
upon  them  in  the  centre,  while  the  hoi-semen  beset  them  on  each  si(le,a:iJ  j 

*  Chiirrli,  3Ct.  t  Book  iii.  oliap.  1. 

\  Trumlmll,  i.  347.  from  Hubbard,  I  suppose,  i.  51.  Female  rliicfs  were  rallod  sauvki}')  I 
the  Indians,  which  signified  wife  of  the  sachem;  but  writers,  Ixiiiiff  iifnorant  of  lhalla'i.| 
thought  it  a  proper  name  of  ?.  particular  person,  and  hence  the  appellations  of  Unuke,  Sum  f 
Snake,  dtc.  applied  to  Magnus, 


If'itnesned  at  the  si 


[Rook  III, 

rcrrd,  nud  m 
iiiiil  cliililnii. 
I,  mill  tlmii^; ' 
itii  ilii'iii  i|[ . 
'I'liiiiii'il  III  I  '.i 
I  Clnrrh,  \\i, 
ly  of  tlnir  M,i. 
riiir'ily  (ivirtLi 
tilt'  t'uiMiiiii'  • 
tic,  |ifrliiiii«,  !> 
L*  IlldiiUI  i':i|il;[i!. 
;  at  present  ilm 


nj  and  rrklmf- 
e  rrtnls  of  It'Tl- 
R  K/ii'''."/' — ' /iiirfi 
Clturck—Soim  (m-- 


00,  we  (Iceiiii'd  it 
[!U  led  nitlHT  iiii- 
plare,^  we  cnulil 
than  an  (Hiiissinii 
I  one  <>r  Ik'I'  fill- 
)  inahitnia  u  liiali 

ensivn  roiintn  nf 

rent  anil  llit'  suw. 

ick.     Slie  miirrini 

'iniii^rel.    r*!"'  1*1 

^e  two  (Vieil  yoiiiii'. 
[iso,  in  UM.  >\x 
[vhole  NarragaiiMi 

Use  the  Nnrrafiaii- 
[treated  witli  \» 

E?ad,  nuirelieil  iiii" 
J  the  nation.  TIih 
lecrete  tlieinsclvfN 
Tinortol'whkli'lif) 

[the  army  left  tl'fif ' 

Ici-self  and  o  \m  \ 
,011  the  2  Jiily.i"l 

Ion,  a  hill,  lmM"2 1 

1,,),  as  was  (i^tif! 

leet  horses,  (liyi>W 
1  aware  of  tlieir  ni*- 1 
jandl'efiuot8cai«« 
on  earh  side,  & 


I  were  called  .■""'"*:'•  I 
i,rnoranl  oi ^^ 


\\VASI10NK.S.— rilKATS  WITH  THE  ENCMSIF. 

When  all  were 


65 


CHAP.  IV.] 

I  M  preveiiled  many  from  eseai)iii<,'  into  the  swamp.  When  all  were  killed 
""itiken  within  tlio  eneami»meiit,  (^iptain  ,V>«'/>i/n/,  who  commanded  the 
r  <riiii'ii,  disinoiinteil,  and    with  liis  men  rushed  into  the  swamp,  where, 

'[lidiil  resistance,  they  killed  a  hundred,  and  made  many  prisoners.     In  all, 

I'.v  k  lied  and  took   171  *  in  this  swam|»  tij,'iit,  or  rather  massacre.     Not  an 

vlflMiiimn  was  hurt  in  the  atlair,  and   hut   one   lMohe<raii   killed,  and    one 

miiil'il  which  we  can  hardly  snpi»ose  was  done  hy  .V/cjirniM'a  jieople,  as  they 

.i|i.  Ill)  rcsistnice,  hut   rather   hy  themselves,  in   their  liiry   mistakin<;  oiio 
'"  tliii-     \iiietv  ot"  the  captives  were  |»iit  to  death  !  anion;;  whom  was  .Mas;- 
,1    'I'lic  swamp  where  this  afluir  took  pi    -e  is  near  the  present  town  ot 
Wiiwek,  in  Ilh<)de  Island  ;  and  thus  ends  our  sliort  history  of  MfUfniut. 

jH'.iSIIO.VKS,  s(|uaw-sachein  of  Soirkoiiate,t  was  the  wife  ol"  an  Indiiui 
,.  11 . 1  Tor.o.vv,  hut  of  him  we  learn  very  little.     From  her  im|)ortant  stand- 

,  r  MMioie'  the  Lillians,  li'W  deservi;  a  mort?   |»articular  attention;  and    wo 

I'lj  therefore,  go  as  minutely  into   her   history  as  our  documents   will 


llr* 


fill' lir.-it  notice  we  have  of  ^i/Wionfr.^  is  in  ](i71,  when  she  entered  into 
■rini 's  of  a^'reeinent  with  the  court  of  Plimouth  as  follows: — "In  udmittin^ 
",i;,t  the  eoiirt  are  in  some  measure  satisfied  with  your  vcduntary  coming  in 
i,.\v  ;it  l.ist,  and  suhmission  of  liers»df  unto  us;  yet  this  wt  erpcd  that  she 
!ivi.  siptiie  meet  satisfiiction  for  the  charore  and  trouhle  slur  has  put  lis  upon 
hv  lier  too  hm^'  standinsf  out  a^'iiin.st  the  many  ttJiiders  of  peace  we  have 
I'liiili'  to  her  and  lier  people.  And  that  we  yet  se<>  an  intention  t  jm'iavor 
till' iviliie 'iiient  of  such  as  have  been  the  incendiaries  of  the  ti.  ibh  and 
ili<iiirli:iiiee  of  her  peophi  luid  ours.  And  as  many  of  her  peo'de  ai  .  'mil 
I'ivf  llieiiiselves  and  arms  unto  us,  at  the  time  appointed,  sliai.  receive  no 
liiniiii-'e  or  hurt  from  us,  which  time  apiiointed  is  ten  days  from  the  date 
lieri'of.  Thus  we  may  tin;  better  keep  ofi"  such  fi"om  her  lands  as  may 
liiriiifter  hriiii.'  n|)on  her  and  its  the-  like  trouhle,  and  to  regulate  si  li  as  will 
lint  111'  ifiiverned  by  her,  she  haviii!.'  submitted  bt^r  lands  to  the  authority  of 
the  soveinment.  And  that,  if  the  lands  and  (^states  of  such  ti  ve  are  neces- 
.itatiil  to  tak(!  arms  against,  will  not  defray  the  cliargf!  of  i.,e  cx))e(lition, 
that  she  shall  hear  some  due  [)roportion  of  tlii^  charge.  In  witness  whereofj 
Pill!  ill  testimony  of  the  sachem.  Iter  agreement  hereunto,  she  liath  subscribed 
her  liaml  in  presence  of  Samuel  Barker  and  John  .fllmty. 

Mark  X  of  the  squmv-mchem  Awasuncks  ; 
the  mark  X  o/'Totato.met,  and  Somaoaonet." 

}Rnesaed  althe  same  time  hy  "  Tattacommett, 

Pamponcut,  anil 
Tamoueesam,  aZias  Jeffert. 

Plmoxiih,  24  Juhj,  1671." 

The  last-named  witness  appeared  again,  in  the  same  capacity,  4  September 
Wlowin^,  when  "between  40  and  ."^O  Indians,  living  near  or  in  the  town  of 
j  Dirtiiioiith,   made  a  like  submission."     JlshawanomiUh,  JVoman,  Marhorkum^ 
I  hmr\  nnd  John,  were  other  witucsses. 

.himhonks  was  at  Plimoutli  when  the  frirrner  (iitirle.s  were  execnted,  from 
j  wliicli  it  appears  there  was  considerable  alarm  in  Plimoiith  colony.  There 
wpri»  ironiit  this  time  many  other  submissions  of  the  Indians  in  different 
Iplai'i's.  This  step  was  taken  to  <lraw  them  from  Philip,  or  at  least  to  give  a 
jcliii'k  to  tli<;ir  joining  with  him,  as  be  was  now  on  the  point  of  attacking  the 
|En;rhsh  settlements,  under  u  pretence  of  injury  done  him  in  his  planting 

Not  only  the  chiefs  of  tribes  or  clans  subscribed  articles,  but  all  their  men, 
I  that  ('(mid  he  prevailed  with,  did  the  same.  The  August  following,  42  of 
jidicw/ionAs's  men  signed  a  paper,  approving  what  she  had  done,  and  binding 

•  Tnimtvill.    200  savs  Cobhet's  mnmisrripl ;  2W,  Iliilihard. 

'  tri'i^innl.  Iiul.  VViirs,  i.  97,  98.     I.  Mather's  Brief  Hist.  .39.     Tnimbull's  Hist.  Con- 

iKfM'Ml.  i.  ^Vl. 

I'lii' |)(iiiii  of  land  helow  Porasset,  and  now  chiefly  included  in  the  town  of  ComptoD, 

|8iK)  ('  Island,  aii'l  rommonly  called  Seconet. 

6» 


ill: 


WW 

, -^^m.'^ 


.  -^^  '^K  ! 


V':  k 


'H>- 


&  ■Mm 


'.  ;■■■  #  '  '■' 


GG 


AWASIIONKS— IIKR  CORRKHPONDKNf'K. 


[lliiOK  III 


themsf'lvcs  in  liko  iiitiiinor.    Out  of  42,  \v«  cnii  give  iintiioH  of  tliroc  onlv- 
Tolntomei,  Timnokum  mid  Snu.mmnn, 

It  a|>|M'arM  from  tlic  folluwiiijf  Ifttcr  from  JlwaslionkM  to  (Jovi'riior  /'nW,  ii,.,, 
thoH<!  vvlio  Hiil)mitti>d  tJu'inMcivi-H,  (iciiv»T«;d  ii|>  their  nriiiH  to  tlic  Kiij;li.s|,;_ 

"Aujrnst  11,  1(171,  Iloiior«-d  wir,  1  Imvt-  rccfivi'd  n  very  jtri'iit  iiivor  f,,,,,, 
your  honor,  in  yonrs  of  the  7th  iiiHtiuit,  and  an  yon  are   ph-ased  to  muhj,, 
that  if  1  contimie  f.iilhfid  to  the  a^treemrnt   ma(h' with  ynnrNclvi'.x  m  pi,,,' 
oiith,  I  may  «v\|M!Ct  all  just  favors  from  your  honor.     I  am   liiljy  rcMilv,,! 
wiiilo  1  live,  with  all  tidelity  to  stand  to  my  (•n<.'a>.'ement,  and  in  a  |i(iin;i|,i 
HnhmiHsioii  to  your  rommanilH,  according'  to  the   hest  of  my  iioor  nlijln, 
It  is  true,  and  I  am  very  seuhihle  thereof,  that  there  are  some  IndiiiiisHl,,, 
do  seek  an  advanta^n-  a^rainnt  me,  formy  Huhmitting  to  his  mMieMy'saiitiiiini, 
in  your  jiu'isdiction,  hut  hein;^  <'onHcious  to  myself  of  my  intejirlty  tuid  ni 
intentions  of  peace,  I  douht  not  hut  you  will   atford  me  all  due  enidiini', 
ment  and  protection.     I   had  resolved  to  send  in  all  my  jruns,  hcini;  si\  m 
numher,  according'  to  the  intimation  of  my  letter;  lint  two  of  thern  utn  v 
lar<fe,  tlio  messengers  were  not  altle  to  carry  them.     I  since  pniHiivih,, 
leave  them  with  Mr.  liarkfr,  hut  he  not  having:  any  order  to  receive  ilm, 
told  me  he  conceived  I  mi>;ht  do  well  to  send  them  to  Mr.  Jilmji,  wlini, 
person  <'on<-erned   in   the  jurisdicticm,  which  I  resolved   to  do;  liiit    Ih,, 
then  an  Indian,  known  liy  the  unmv  oi'  linrnd-faced-will,  stole  one  nf  ilm, 
out  of  th(^  wijrwam  in  the  nijrht,  and  is  run  away  with  it  to  IVloiirit  I|ii|i, 
the  other  I  think  to  send  to  Mr.  »'?/mJ/.     A  list  of  those  tliat  are  olieijieni  k 
ine,  and,  1  ho]ie,  and  um  persuaded,  faithfid  to  yon,  is  here  enclosf d.    ||„|. 
ored  sir,  I  shall  not  trouble  you   further,  hut  desiring  yoiu*  p«ace  ami  |ir(„. 
perity,  in  which  I  look  ut  my  own  to  bo  included,  I  ruinain,  your  niitiiL'url 
servant,  X  Awasu.mks.' 

This  letter  was  voiy  probablv  written  by  Mr.  Barker,  nnmed  in  it. 

October  20, 1()71,  (Jovernor  Prince  wrote  to  ^loas^nA'.*,  that  he  had  recciuv 
the  list  of  names  of  her  men  and  husl)and,  that  freely  sid)mitted  ilienisih.. 
to  his  majesty's  authority;  and  assured  her  that  the  English  would  lieiinij 
her  on  all  just  occasions ;  but  intimates  lier  disappointmi'iit  and  liis  dHit, 
that  she  had  succeeded  no  better  in  procuring  the  submission  of  Im 
sidtjects.  "Though,"  he  contiimed,  "I  fault  not  you,  with  any  fniiiiiL' i 
endeavor,  only  to  notice  jour  good  persuasions  of  them  outwent  tl  ir 
deserts,  for  aught  y<!t  appeareth.  I  could  have  wished  they  iiad  been  \M..r 
Ibr  themselves,  esp«!ciaily  your  two  sons,  that  may  probably  succeed  ymiii 
your  goverimient,  and  your  brother  also,  who  is  so  nearly  tied  unto  yen  I., 
nature.  Do  they  think  themselves  so  great  as  to  disregard  and  artrunt  lii> 
majesty's  int(!rest  and  authority  here;  and  the  amity  of  the  English?  Ot. 
tainly,  if  they  do,  I  think  they  did  inuch  disservice,  and  wish  they  vm\<\ 
yet  show  themselves  wiser,  before  it  be  too  late."  He  closed  by  roffiiii- 
mending  her  to  send  somt;  of  hers  to  the  next  court,  to  desiri;  their  ani^ 
that  Iter  people  might  have  the  use  of  them  in  the  ai)proacliing  .siiismi, 
Desires  her  to  let  him  hear  from  her  and  her  husband. 

On  the  20  Jime,  1(572,  the  following  writing  appears  on  record  :  WIh'to 
Jlwashunrkts.,  sciua-sachem,  stand  indebted  vnto  Mr.  John  Jllmeii  the  siiincii 
£25  to  be  paid  in  porke  att  three  pence  a  pound,  or  jieage  att  1(1  ijencv.iiiil 
20  pole  of  stone  wall  att  £4,  which  stone  wall,  or  £4,  is  to  be  viidc'-.stodd  i 
be  prte  of  the  fine  and  twenty  pound,"  theretbre  Awnshonks,  having  tliil  ' 
to  pay  agHM-ably  to  her  promise,  agrees  to  set  oft'  land  on  the  nortii  siiln-f 
"  the  Indian  field,"  next  Punkateesett,  on  the  east  line  till  it  meets  witli  "i 
great  runing  brooke,"  thence  northerly  to  a  fresh  meadow,  thence  hoiuidnl  1*1 
the  river  by  a  salt  cove: — this  "ismorgaged  vnto  the  court  of  Plyinonili''k[ 
tiie  payment  of  said  debt,  which  debt  is  to  beiiaid  10  of  February,  lti72,  (^,!.| 

"TTtc  mark  X  of  Awashu.nkes." 

To  illustrate  the  troniiecfions  and  genealogy  of  the  family  of  ^irfla/ionkj 
we  give  from  the  Records  of  Pliinouth  the  Ibllowing  exceedingly  vuluabl«j 
facts : — 


[U'H'K  III 

tlircc  (iiil)- 
mr  /'nncf,  tliiii 

Ik'  r.M).'li>|i;_ 

•lit  i'livdr  I'nui. 

Si'll    1(1    >i','lii|v 
KCIVCS  III  I'liii',. 

fully  ri'scphdi. 
ill  a  pt'iiniil' 
y  |»<i<ir  iilnl ' 
i*>  liiiliiuis  \\||M 
)r(ity'siiiitliiirif. 
ti'tiiily  ami  rn 

llllf    CIICOIIIli;, 

iiif,  lifiiii;  MX  |,, 
f  tlinn  Wen  . 

lice  |>l'lltli'|ri|  |i, 
I)    rcfl'ivc    tin; 

,  JUmji,  \\U>  i> 
I)  do:  lull    ih. 
oic  one  III'  i||i 
tn  Mniint  ||ii|»: 
arc  olifdiciii  ii 

♦  •IlcloSCll.      Ilnli. 

jinicc  iiikI  [ini- 
,,  your  iinr('ii;iin| 

;  AWASU.MKS." 

nod  ill  it. 

at  lie  li!i(l  rppi'ivpii 
nittcd  ilit'nis(|\i> 
fh  would  Ih'IVihj: 
KMit  and  liis  nvn, 
ibinission  of  li'i 
lith  any  ruilin': ' 

in   ontwi'iit  tl'  • 

ly  had  Ih'cii  wirr 
lly  siK'cccd  yniiir 
tied  unto  ymili, 

ird  and  iitVnini  l:- 
En<!lisli?   (•••• 

wish  tlicy  wmii 
loscd  hy  rt'fnii- 

lU'sin*  their  am,-. 

jproaching  k'iwhl 

crord :    Wliprea« 

lime;!  the  siiiiu'  <{ 

att'ld  iHMicy.iiil 

\W   Viul<">tll<|l';  ■ 

^nks,  iinviii;.'  liiil- ' 
I  the  noith  siil'"! 
it  inct'ts  witli ": 
Itheiicf  hoiiiiiinl' 
L  ofPlyiiioutlr'MJ 

|hriiaiy,lti*'^.'^*;-| 

AWASIII-.NKES, 

lily  of  Jii'nalioiilil 
teedingly  valuubi«| 


IV.]      AWASHONKS— Urjl".<  TH  I'lIILII'S  OVKRTIJRES. 


CHAi.lvi      A"»— - '  W 

J  I    14^  i(J7;j,     »  Whrri'iiH  Mnmitncwivj  [a  son   of  .'hrnshniiku]  lintli  hy  full 

I  ri'iirV  stiiiioiiy  proviMl  to  this  court,  in  hcliall' of  hiiiiscll  and  hntjircii, 

il '.  tuw  "'   Tolonrji,  and  a  kiiisiiiaii  of  theirs  called  .Iniimpitiih,  Icuiiiiiionly 

ritrii  .\'i""/'"'''''l  '*""   '"   /'"^""""'"ifiTi  lliiit  they  are  the  ciiief  iiro|irieior.s 

Ihh'Iiciiis  of  Saconctt,  or   places  coiniiioiily  so  called;  and  >ct  it  hcin;; 

'[.(i  iiriiliiihl''  '''"'  Titlitckdinna  '  .lu'it.iliunrkin  anil  those  of  that  kindred  who 

'rr  111  tlic  .s.iiiie  stock,  the  more  remote  m.iy  have  some  ri^ht  to  lands  then', 

■'.  llicN  arc  relations  tt)  the  ahove  said  .Mnmiiiwiniii,  i!vc.  and  have   heeii  loiifj 

!  I  ■iliit.iiil'*  of  that  |)lace.     'This  court  adviscth   that  convenienl    |>ro|iortions 

'.  jn||,|  1),.  (;,  itled  on  the  ahove  said  'ruliiniiiiiinii  ^lituisliinik.t,  \c.  at  Snconetl 

liifisiiil ;  coiicernin;jf  \>liicli,  the  ahove  said  Mitm(innrii;i  and  his  lirellireii 

I  l^j,,^,, mil  who  have  proved   their  ri;i:ht  to  thost^   lands  do  not  or  caimol 

\  n  I',  this  court  do  ap|>oiiit  that  some  meet   persons,  hy  order  of  this  court, 

«h:ll  n  piiir  to  the   place,  and  make  settlement  <d'  the  said  lands  liy  certain 

.|,„I  kiiiiwii  hoiindaries  to  intent  that    peace   may   he   continued   i.iiioni;  the 

.\  Indians,  and  they   may  all   he  accommodatiMl  tiir  their  siihsistin;.,'  and 

lilt  of  tlieir  dchts  in  an  orderly  way." 


Sj'^'(? 


j'lir 


,,„  same  year,  we  hear  aiiaiii  of  Tukitmonn,  or,  as  he  is  then  called, 
Tiiliiiimiiiiii,  who,  with  his  lirother  S(iiutmfilt,  havinjr  «'ndeavorcd  to  hinder 
till'  |'.ll"li^ll  Irom  possi'ssin;;  some  lands  in  Dartnioiith,  was,  lioiii  soiiu; 
lllll^illl'^ltlon,  not  named,  induced  to  n  linipiish  his  ri^ht  to  them.  And  the 
ii,\t  vinr,  Ili74,  Aliiiii'ininviirhii,  or,  as  ids  name  was  lieliin;  written,  Mittnit- 
iitifiiu,  surrendered  his  ri<;lit  also.  The  ri^ihts  of  these  Indians,  it  is  said, 
y  |,irii  Htdd  hy  others. 

Wf  hear  no  more  of  .hvanlionks  tintil  ahoiit  the  commencement  o\' Philip''s 
wur,  The  year  heloie  this  war,  Mr.  lienjamin  Church,  afterwards  the  limioiis 
ami  well-known  Coloiud  r/u/zr/i  f  »<ettled  upon  tlu;  peninsula  ol'rSo;;koiiate,  in 
llio  Miiiixt  ol' ^hixtshonkn's  peo|)le.  'I'liis  peninsula  is  on  the  north-east  sidt:  of 
Niiirav'iiiixet  Hay,  ajrainst  tin;  south-east  end  of  tin;  island  of  Hhodt;  Island. 
Iliri'  III'  lived  in  tlu;  greatest  friendship  with  these  Indians,  until  the  Hprin^' uf 
the  vt'»r  1(17.'),  when  suddenly  a  \\ar  w.is  talked  oljaiid  messen^^ers  wen-  sent 
|i\  i'hilipUi  ,'iwa.ihonks,  to  eiifrai'e  her  in  it.  She  so  liir  listened  to  their  persuu- 
i^iiMis  as  to  call  hi^r  principal  people  ton^ether,  and  make  a  ^reattiance  ;  and  he- 
caihc she  respected  IMr.  CViitrc/i,  she  sent  privately  lor  him  also.  Church  took  with 
hiiii^i  man  that  well  understood  Indian,  and  went  tlirectly  to  tlu^  ))lace  a|)poiiit- 
nl.  Here  they  found  hundreds  of  Indians  •rathered  to<rcther  from  all  parts  of 
JiirdDiiiiiiiiiiis.  j]w(tshonks  hers'di;  in  a  toainin^  sweat,  was  leading'  the  dance  ; 
iiiitwiirii  it  was  announced  that  IMr.  Church  was  come,  she  stop])ed  short,  and 
Mt  ildw.i ;  ortlered  her  cliitsls  into  her  presence,  and  then  invited  IMr.  Church. 
All  liriii^'  seated,  she  inlorined  him  that  Mitaromet,  that  is,  Philip,  had  sent 
sixdi  his  nicn  to  ur^tc  her  to  join  with  him  in  |iro.secutin<j  a  war  ajjainst  the 
i;ii;;lisli.  She  said  these  messeiijfers  inliirmed  her  that  the  Umpnmes,\  that 
i>,  I'liiiioiitli  men,  were  frutherinj,'  a  jireat  army  to  invade  his  country,  and 
wis-liid  to  know  of  him  it  this  were  truly  the  case.  He  told  her  that  it  was 
rutin  l\  without  i'oimdiition,  lor  he  had  hut  Just  come  Irom  I'limoiith,  and  no 
pri'panitions  of  any  kind  were  makinjr,  nor  did  he  helieve  any  thoughts  of 
war  were  entertained  hy  any  of  the  liiiad  men  there.  "He  asked  her 
wlii'tlii'r  she  thought  he  would  have  hrouirht  up  his  ^oods  to  settle  in  that 
[iliici,"  if  he  in  the  least  ap|)rehended  u  war ;  at  which  she  seemed  some- 
wiiat  convinced.  Jlwashonks  then  ordered  the  six  Pokanokets  into  their 
liristncc.  These  made  an  im|)osin<.^  ajipearance,  haviiiff  their  faces  painted, 
j  ami  their  hair  so  cut  as  to  represent  a  cock's  comh;  it  l)ein<r  all  shaved  Irom 
eiuli  side  of  the  head,  lelt  only  a  tult  ujion  the  crown,  which  extended  from 
tlie  ibreliead  to  the  occiput.     Tlii'y  had  powder-horns  and  shot-bags  at  their 

*  Or  Titkamntut,  killed  by  llin  [VHrrnganscls,  not  lonj  iifler,  probaMy  in  Ifi?!-. 
t  AliiT  an  active  hie.  spoilt  ciiieHy  in   Ins  country's  servirc.  he  died  smldeiiiy  at 
leiiri'  ill  Comploii,  then  railed   l,illle  ("omplnn,  H  Jan.  1718,  in  the  78  year  of  his  a 
liadlitcome  curpuleiil,  and  seemed  impressed  with  llie  idea  that  he  should  nol  live  long.     'I'lie 
miiniiii!;  licl'ore  his  death,  he  rode  t  miles  lo  visit  an  only  sister.     On  leaving  her,  he  bid  her 
"n  la-t  larrwell."     As  he  was  relinning  home,  liis  horse  stumbled  and  threw  liiin.     hi  the  fall 
I  llj|(]()il-vessel  was  rnplnred,  and  he  died  in  about  12  hours. 
Umpaine  and  Apaum  were  Lidiau  names  of  riimuulh. 


at  his  resi- 
gc.     He 


mi 


:-.4     U'. 


>»  '■t{\ 

'■•-.'■'  k*  r 


08 


1*^^  K 


AWASHONKS.— TUIIATS   NVnil  <nUUCH. 

tlirir    nation. 


[''">"K  III, 


pi;,'C()nn  uitli."     Church  then  tolil  ^Iwaahonkit  that,  il'  rhiliit  wvyv  rcMilM,|,,| 
war,  "  Imt  licst  nay  wnnid  he  to  knock  iIiohc  mIx  IMoiuit   Mo|trH  on  ijic  In,,; 


Imrks,  wliicli  (Ii-noti'd  wailikr  inrKHfnj:rrH  of  tlii-ir  natirtri.  Hlir  now  „ 
firirnir«l  tlicni  of  wlial  ('njilain  Chiiirh  liailsiiil.  I  |ion  uliirli  tli<>y  iliNnivirid 
(liHHntiHliiclion,  and  a  warm  talk  lollownl,  lint  .linmhnnkii  Mion  pnt  iia  tinj  t„ 
it;  allrr  wliicji  .she  told  Mr.  r/ii/;Wi  that  I'hilip  liad  told  Imn  mri-scnw,  ,■,  ,,| 
tt'll  her,  tliat,  indr^s  slii'  joined  with  hini,  lif  would  nt-nd  ovt-r  sonn'  ,,|  |.^^ 
warriors,  privately,  to  kill  tlir  rattli*  and  liinii  ilif  houst'M  o|°  ilic  I!iim|„|^ 
which  they  woidd  think  to  Ih-  done  hy  her  men,  and  c(Misci|ncntly  \miii|,|  |;,{| 
upon  her.* 

Mr.  Chiiirh  asked  the  Mt»nnt  llopeH  what  they  were  ;.'oin^  to  do  wjij,  ,1^ 
linllels  in  their   poMHcssion,  to   which   they  scollinjflv   answered,  "tn  >|,i,„t 

I'  I'hilw  were  r( 
lomit  lioprs  Oh 
and  shelter  hersell'nndi'r  the  protection  of  the  l';n>.'lish."  When  they  1111,1,^. 
Htood  this,  they  were  \ cry  silent,  ami  it  is  to  he  lamented  (hat  hi  \miii|i\  ,, 
man  as  (Viiz/r/t  shonid  he  the  first  to  recommend  nnirder,  and  a  liisiin^  n. 
nu'inhrance  is  dne  to  tlu>  wisdom  of  .'hvashoiiks,  that  Ids  nnad\isei|  kuiumI 
was  not  pnt  in  e.\e<'ution. 

Thi'si-  six  l*okanok«'ts  came  over  to  Sojrkonate  with  two  of  ,/lifa,ilmi\i<\ 
men,  who  seemed  very  favorahly  inclined  to  the  nieasnres  of  Philip,  j j,,j 
e.xpresseil  themselves  witii  ^reat  indi^'iiation,  at  the  rash  advice  ol' r/mrri. 
Anotiier  of  her  men,  called  IjiUle-eifru,  one  ot'  her  coimcil,  was  so  t'lirii;;.,!, 
that  he  wonid  then  have  taken  Churches  lite,  it'  lu>  had  not  licen  prcviiiiiij. 
His  desi;,ni  was  to  pet  Mr.  Church  aside  li-om  the  rest,  und  r  a  prt tinii m 
private  talk,  and  to  have  assassinated  him  when  he  was  otl'  his  <;nari|.  Hm 
Home  ot'  his  friends,  .seeinsr  throii<;h  the  artifice,  prevented  it. 

The  advice  of  (.'hurch  was  adopted,  or  that  part  which  directed  ilmi 
^»v(.s/(o>iA'.s  slionid  immediutely  pnt  lierselt'  under  the  proteciion  ot' tlic  Ijj^r. 
lisli,  and  Hhe  dcHired  him  to  go  immrdiitely  to  I'linionth  and  make  tin  ar- 
rang!  inent,  to  wliicli  he  agreed.  Alter  kindly  thanking  him  lor  liiN  imoniia- 
tinii  and  advii't;,  sIm;  sent  iwo  of  her  men  with  him  to  his  l.onse,  tii  L'linril 
liim.  These  urged  him  to  secure  his  goods,  lest,  in  his  ah.sence,  the  cimihv 
should  come  and  destroy  them ;  hm  he  would  not,  h  cause  such  a  st  |)  iiiiM||t 
1)0  thought  a  kind  of  pr(;paration  lor  hostilities;  hut  told  them,  tlitit  in  n^f 
liogtilities  were  Itcguii,  they  might  convey  his  eHiv  ts  to  a  place  of  8iiHt\. 
He  then  jjroceeded  to  IMimonth,  when!  i\v.  lUTived  7  .lime.  I(i7r). 

In  his  way  to  IMimouth,  he  met,  at  I'ociisset,  the  hnshand  «)]'  //Vftoiw. 
He  waH  just  r(>tunied  from  the  neighhorliood  of  Mount  Hope,  <•  nd  coiitirnd 
all  that  had  been  said  aliout  Philtii's  intentions  to  begin  a  war.  ISiit  lictiin 
Mr.  Church  could  return  again  Xo  Awnshonks,  the  win*  commenced,  aid  nil  m\\- 
miinication  was  at  an  end.  This  he  very  much  regretted, and  the  iiciiivdlini 
Jiwitnhonks  was  carried  away  in  the  tide  of  Philip's  successes,  wliicli,  us  nj,^ 
was  cireumstane!  d,  was  her  only  alternative. 

Mr.  Church  was  wounded  at  the  great  swatnp  tiglit,  ]})  Docerriiier  rnllim- 
ing,  and  remained  upon  Rhode  Island  mitil  about  the  middle  of  Alny  lii*>:. 
He  now  resolve«i  to  engage  again  in  the  war,  and,  taking  pussagi-  in  u  Am\\ 
bomid  to  Barnstable,  arrived  at  Pliniouth  the  tirst  Tuesday  in  Jiiiir.  The 
governor  and  other  officers  of  government  were  highly  jtleased  to  sic  iiiin. 
and  desired  him  to  take  the  command  of  a  co-  .pjiuy  of  men  to  lie  iiniin'- 
diately  sent  out,  to  which  he  consented.  We  thus  notic<!  ChurcKs  jhimchI- 
ing,  because  it  led  to  inif)ortant  matters  coimected  with  the  history  otJc- 
shnnki.  Before  lie  set  out  with  the  soldiers  r.ised  at  I'limoutli,  it  wns  ii;.'r(Til 
tbat  he  shoidd  first  return  to  Rhode  Island,  lor  the  pur|)nse  of  raifiii;'  (iilicr 
forces  to  be  joined  with  them.  In  his  retin*n  to  the  island,  as  he  |)as«((l  irnm 
Sogkonesset,  now  call  d  fVood's  Hole,  to  the  island,  and  when  hecaniciiL'i.iiH 
Sogkonate  Point,  some  of  the  enemy  were  s«!en  fisiiing  n|)on  the  rocks,  ilc 
was  now  in  an  open  canoe,  which  he  had  hired  at  Hogkoi  esset,  iii  il  two 
Indians  to  paddle  it.  He  ordered  them  t't  go  so  itcMr  the  n  ckstliat  lio  iiii;.iit 
speak  with  those  upon  them  ;  being  persuaded  that  if  be  could  havo  iin  n|)- 
portunity,  be  might  still  gain  over  the  Sogkonates  to  the  side  of  the  Eiii;)!.*!!. 


("iM  imiiitci!   (ud 


*  'fliis  may  slrcnsfllipn  tin;  belief  timl  Philip  jiai  la  praclice  a  similar  expcdiuui  logaiu  il)« 
Mohuwks  to  his  cause,  as  we  have  seea  in  his  lile. 


IV 


,   ,v  I       AWAHIIONKS.— CIIUUCII.S    llA/AUIM)rS   VIHIT. 

C  III'  kiH'W  tln'V  never  liail  any  renl  iill.icliinrnt  tu  Philijt,  niiil  wcif  now  in 
"  ||.|,.|crit  "iilv  lioni  nrrc.-'sil).  'I'Ihn  iicnndinj^ly  |milillril  luvviinls  tliciii, 
"id  iiiaili'   "iif'"*    '"'■  ''"'"'  '"  .'ipl"'"  "'■!' ;    I""   wlii'ii    liny    IiikI    jjoI    pri-lty 

i-  ijh  \  T<kiilk  (I  ('.way  iiMionir  flir  rorks,  ariil  nmlil  iinl  lie  seen.  'I'lic  canot) 
['"  '  ,i|i||i.i|  oil' ajrain,  I  si  tiicy  .•ijnuijil  In-  liri'il  ii|i(im  ;  wiiirli  \vlnii  tlioMe 
"iih'  tl>''  1'*"''^'*  oiipiervt'*!,  tlii-y  r^liuwi'il  tlirnisi'lvcs  aprm,an*t  rallril  to  tlicm 
''  ^.,,  *, ,  iiMliorf  ;  anil  H.iiil  they  wishcil  to  H|)i>ak  witli  them.  The  Iniiiann  in 
,1  , 1'liiiii' niiswei'eil  them,  hiK  those  on  sliiire  inliirmeil  them  that  the  wave.^ 
I  I. ...I  Mil  iiiMiii  the  iiii-ks  that  tliiv  eiiiilil  not  nnilerstanil  a  wonl  tlie\  ^4aill. 
/...,,/,  iiinv  niaiii-  siifns  lor  two  ol  tlieiii  to  'jut  ali.iii.'  M|ion  the  shore  to  ii 
1 'irli,  wliere  one  eoiiiil  sees  a  'rooil  s|taee  roniiil,  whether  any  otheis  wei'e 
mar.  haMH'iliately  two  ran  to  ihe  |ilaee,  one  withont  any  arms,  lnit  tlic 
oilici'  Imil  a  lanee.  Knowin^f  Vhuirh  to  he  in  the  ho.it,  tliey  nr!.'eil  him  to 
,„iiir  I'M  shore,  aiui  s.iiil  they  wanted  to  diseonrne  with  him.  He  tolil  liini 
lliiil  liiiil  tin-  lanee,  tliat  if  lie  woulil  carry  it  away  at  consiileralile  ilistanr-e, 
iiiiil  icavi'  it,  he  wonlil.  'This  hi'  reailily  iliil.  .Mr.  Clntrrh  then  went  aslmre, 
|,,{t  iiiic  ol' his  liiiliaiiH  to  <.niaril  the  eaiioe,  anil  the  otiier  he  stationeii  ii|ioii 
111,  Ih'iii'Ii  to  ffive  notice  il  any  shonlil  a|»|iroaeli.  Hi  was  snrpriseil  to  tinil 
ih.it  (itvrat  waH  one  of  them,  a  very  ^'uoil  man,  anil  the  last  So^'konate  ho 
liail  ^iiiiki'ii  with,  heiii;;  one  of  those  si'iit  to  ;;iiaril  him  to  his  house,  anil  to 
wliiiiii  III' liuil  V''^''" '■''•■"')-'"'*'  ''•''  !.'ooils  wlien  he  nnilertook  \\\n  mission  to 
pliiiiiiiitli.  On  liein/  askeil  what  he  wanteil  that  he  called  him  ashore, 
jiii.wi'iril,  "that  he  look  him  li»r  Chiinli,  as  soon  as  he  he;u'd  his  voice  in  tlio 
riiiiiii',  iinil  that  lie  was  ;;lail  to  see  him  alive."  He  also  told  him  tliat>/uv(- 
jAuiiA.nviis  in  a  swanijt  alioiit  three  miles  otf,  and  that  she  had  lelt  I'hilli)  and 
iliii  not  iiitcnil  lo  reinrn  to  him  any  more;  and  wislied  Mr.  Chtiirh  to  stay 
wliili' III' sliiiiild  }.'o  aial  call  Iter.  'I'his  Cliiirrli.  did  not  think  prndenl,  hut 
Kiiii  III'  WDiiliI  come  a;.'ain  and  speak  with  .  ht<  tiilionks,n\\i\  some  oilier  Indians 

lai  III' sliDiild  name.     He  thereli)re  told  (hon^e  to  notily  .liniHltinks,  her  sou 

/'. 

certii 

niv  iiati'il  place."     It  was  provided  lliat  if  that  day  shonid  prove  stormy,  th« 

111  \l  |ili'iisaiit  day  shonid  lie  iinproved.     Tiiey  parted  with  conliality,  (itorffe 

turariv  the  news  to  .Iwitshonks,  and  Church  lor  Newport. 

Oil  liria^Mniide  acquainted  with  Chnrch\<i  intention  to  visit  tliono  Indians, 
till' s.'iivi'niinent  of  Rhode  Island  marvelled  much  at  his  |iri'sninplion,  and 
wiiiilil  iiui  ;rive  him  any  permit  under  their  hands;  assuring;  him  that  tlio 
Imiians  would  kill  him.  They  said  also  that  it  was  madness  on  his  part, 
jliir siaii  »i;rnal  services  as  he  had  done,  to  throw  away  his  life  in  such  a 
iiifiiiiirr.  NeitlHir  conid  any  entreaties  of  friends  alter  Ins  resolution,  and 
lit'  mule  reiuly  for  his  departure  It  was  his  intention  to  have  taken  with 
liiiii  (iiu>  Daniel  tVilcox^*  a  man  who  well  understood  the  Indian  laii<.nia<re,  hut 
till' ;'iivi<riinient  utterly  refused  him;  so  that  his  wlioh;  retinue,  in  this  ini- 
|mitiiit  eiiihassy,  consisted  only  of  himself,  his  own  man,  and  the  two  Indians 
will)  roiiiiiicted  liini  from  So^rkonesset.  As  an  importunt  item  In  his  outfit, 
must  lin  mentioned  a  boUlt  of  ruin,  and  a  roll  oflohncco. 

The  ilay  a|)poiuto(l  havinjr  arrived,  aller  paddrm<r  about  three  miles,  they 
raiiic  to  the  ap|)oiiited  rock,  where  the  Indians  were  ready  to  receive  them, 
aiiil  frave  him  their  hands  in  token  of  friendshif).  They  went  back  froin  the 
jlmri'  about  filly  yards,  for  u  convenient  place  for  consultation,  when  all  nt 
oiii'i-  rose  up  from  tiie  hi<tli  firass,  a  jjreat  many  Indians,  so  that  they  were 
eiilinly  oncompasaed.  They  were  all  armed  with  };uns,  spears  and  hatchets; 
tines  imiuU'i!  iiid  hair  trimmed,  in  complete  warlike  array.  If  ever  a  man 
k'li'w  linu",  wi  hould  apprehend  it  would  discover  itself  u|)on  an  occasion 
liki' this.  But,  judjrinj^  from  bis  conduct,  we  should  say  lie  was  one  of  those 
"who  never  felt  ti  ir." 

As  soon  as  he  could  be  heard,  Mr.  Church  told  Jlwashonks  tliut  Georfce  had 
Bail!  that  she  desired  to  see  bini,  about  inakiuf?  peace  with  the  English.     She 

*  liiliT,  "  Dttnii'l  fVillrnrlci's  tooke  llie  oalli  off  fnlelilie  this  court. "'     Pliin.  Rer. 
ill  liili.  oiie  ^KiVco.r  set  u|)  a  Iradiii;^  house  in  ilie  Niirraifaiisol  rouiilry.     Sec  Callriuler's 
L'tiil,  Discourse,  38.     If  lie  were  llie  saine,  il  will  well  accoual  for  his  beia{(  au  ialerprulor. 


Ul-U       IMW'IM'"""        ■•"■■•'      .  •     •'  "^ ..-.».  ..r...  ,,,,,,    i^    I .1^.         . .r....U,        ..^-.  .."»• 

/Mfr,  their  chief  cajHain,  and  one  .Vom/w,'*//,  to  meet  him  two  days  alter  at  a 
certain  roek,   "at  the  lower    end  of  ('apt.   liichmonrs  fiirm,  which  was   a 


'M 


•  ■■'*■>,'"  3 


t    i; 


o' 


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r^if-tfiV9 

■'•  -■*'•:- -M 

-■'■''■  v^M 

'  ■'■^1:^ 

.-.  -.^ •->,•. f^P 

■■ '  .i 

Iftli^ 

'  ■  ■« 

^...    ,■  * 

*  I ,  i^^^ 

«    . . ■* 

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m 

1 

70 


AWASIIOMvS.— CHLRCll   ENGAGES   IIER  MEN. 


tl5"uk  i;i, 


m^ 


said,  "'Vos."  Then,  suid  Mr.  Church,  "it  is  cnstoirmry  when  pooplr  niict  |f 
treat  of  peace,  to  lay  aside-  their  arms,  and  not  to  appejo"  in  siicii  hostile  h,,-. 
us  your  peo|>le  do."  At  this  then- was  niiich  niMrniurin<^  anion;:  'ln'in,  mi 
Awnslumks  a  ;k«!d  him  wliat  arms  they  shfiuid  hiy  aside.  H«HMn^'  their  di, 
jdeasnre,  h'j  said,  oidy  tiieir  ;rnns,  im  Hirm's  sai<(!.  With  one  consent  i||, 
tlien  hiid  away  tiieir  jruns,  and  came  and  sat  down.  lie  timn  drew  out  In, 
bottle  of  rum,  ind  asiied  ./(ww/ton^a  whetlier  siie  had  lived  so  lonjr  nj,  " 
Wachnseft  *  as  to  lor;(et  to  di  ink  occapcchcs.  Then,  drinking  to  her,  lie  ,i'l 
served  she  watched  liiin  very  narrowly  lo  s«!e  whether  la;  swailowi d,  ,,^1 
on  oHi-rin;?  it  to  hvv,  she  wished  him  to  drink  a^'ain.  Jle  then  told  lieiti.  , 
was  no  poison  in  it,  and,  pour!ii<r  so.:  '!  into  the  pa'ni  of  his  iiiind,  siiiinii  ,. 
up.  Altt.'r  he  had  tuktni  a  second  hearty  drain,  Jhmtshonks  ventured  lo  ,\l 
likewise ;  then  she  |)assed  it  ;Mnon;r  her  attendants.     TIkj  tobacco  was  m  \| 

fmssed  round,  and  they  bcf,'aii  to  talk.  Jlwnshunka  wanttul  to  know  w!n  i.,. 
lad  not  eoine,  us  he  promised,  the  year  before,  observing  tiiat,  if  he  IiikI,  .,,, 
and  her  people  hud  not  joined  with  Philip.  He  told  her  he  was  picvenini 
by  the  breaking  out  of  the  war,  and  Jiientioned  that  he  niad(>  an  fitti-iuhi 
notwithstjinding,  soon  uller  he  left  her,  and  got  as  liir  us  I'linkatesse,  wIn!, 
a  multitude  of  enemies  set  .i|)on  him,  and  oldiged  him  to  retreat.  \  ^^^ 
niurmiir  now  arosi;  among  tia;  warriors,  luid  one,  u  tierce  and  gigaiitic  \,\. 
low,  raised  his  wa.'  club,  with  intention  to  have  killed  Mr.  Church,  hiit  Mm,,. 
laid  hold  on  him  ami  prevented  him.  They  informed  him  that  this  ii'l|ii,\\ 
brotlier  was  killtjd  in  the  figiit  at  Punkateese,  and  that  he  said  it  was  Clturrlt 
that  killed  him,  and  he  would  now  liuve  his  blood.  Church  told  Iheiiitntill 
him  tiiat  his  brother  begun  first,  and  tliut  if  he  bad  done  as  he  had  iliiirhil 

liini,  he  would  not  liav«!  been  hin't.     Tin-  chief  captain  now  ordered  sihi 

telling  tiiem  they  should  talk  no  more  uboiit  old  matters,  which  put  iiii  nni 
to  the  tumtdt,  und  vu  agreement  was  so(ni  cojiclnded.  Jlwa-ihonkn  agiciil  lo 
serve  the  English  "in  what  way  she  was  abh,',"  provided  '•  IMinioiitli  wcnlj 
firmly  engage  lo  her  that  she  und  u!l  of  her  peoph;,  und  their  wive>  m\\ 
children  shoidd  huve  their  lives  spared,  und  nont;  of  th(!i>i  transported  oiiioi' 
the  -ountry."  This,  Church  told  her  he  did  not  doubt  in  the  least  but  i'liiiniiiiji 
wouid  consent  to. 

Things  being  tIniK  matured,  the  chief  captain  stood  up,  an«l,  allcr  cxijnv^ 
ing  the  great  respect  be  hud  lor  Mr.  Churchy  said,  "  Sir,  if  you  will  plciji 
accept  of  me  and  my  men,  and  will  head  us,  we  w  ill  tight  li)r  yon,  aiul  will 
help  you  to  PhiliiPs  lu-ad  before  th(!  Indian  corn  b(!  ri|)(!."  We  do  not  ex- 
pect that  this  chief  pretended  to  possess  tht!  spirit  of  pro|»hecy,  hut  certaiulv 
ne  wus  a  truer  |)rophet  than  many  who  have  made  the  pretension. 

Mr.  Church  would  have  taken  a  few  of  the  men  with  iiiin,  und  gone  ili- 
rectly  through  the  woods  to  Plimouth;  but  .tumshonks  insisted  that  it  udiilil 
be  very  hazardous.  \\y\  therel()re  agreed  to  return  to  the  island  and  \mm'4 
by  water,  and  so  would  take  in  sonu!  of  their  company  at  Sogkonate  i'dint, 
which  was  uccordingly  l)rought  ubont.  And  here  it  should  b(i  iiientinncil 
thut  the  li'iendship,  now  renewed  by  the  industry  of  Mr.  Church,  Wiis  hrvir 
afVerward  broken.  M.:ny  of  these  Indians  always  accompanied  Church  in  lii< 
memorable  expeditions,  and  rendered  great  service  to  tlie  I'^nglish.  Wlirti 
Philip's  war  was  over.  Church  went  to  reside  uguin  among  tlieiii,  iiiid  ilie 
greatest  bannony  ulways  prevailed.  Jiut  to  return  to  the  thread  of  onr  i;ar- 
rativ(! : — 

On  r(!turning  to  the  island.  Mr.  Church  "  wus  ut  greut  pains  and  chnrf!'  to 
get  a  vessel,  but  ^»'itll  miaccountable  disappointments;  sometiiiies  li\  'lif 
falseness,  and  sometimes  by  the  fiiint-beartedni^ss  of  men  that  he  harpiiii  I 
with,  and  sometimes  by  wind  and  weather,  &c."  he  was  hindend  a  \m 
time.  At  length,  Mr.  Anthovij  Tmw,  of  Swansey,  bap]teniiig  to  put  into  tin' 
harbor,  and  altbotigb  bound  t.)  the  westward,  on  being  made  accpmiMlt'dwiili 
Mr.  Churches  case,  said  hv,  Wfiidd  run  the  venture  of  his  vessel  and  ciiijin  to 
wait  upon  him.  lint  when  they  arrived  ut  Sogkonate  I'oint,  altlioii;rli  the 
Indiaii.4  were  there  according  to  agreement  waiting  upon  the  rocks,  tlicnnet 

*  She  lm<l  passed  llie  urceediiiE;  winter,  it  would  seem,  with  Philip's  people  on  the  fron 
tiers  of  Massaclmsctts 


;n.     [Ho.jk  i;i. 

ImOplc    lllci't  to 

iii'li  hostile  |(,|-,|| 
iiioiiv'  llii'iii.  ;i:i(i 
>(!«Mtij:  tlifir  ill,. 

lU!  fOllStCllt  lliiy 
(!11  (llTW  out  Ills 
(I  M)  loii^r  llji  i,; 
fi'  t(t  Ik  r,  he  uV 
sWiiUdwcd,  iii„|, 
(!ii  told  iicr  till  ;v 

S    ilillld,  si|l|liM|  1; 

s  ventured  u,  ,\„ 
:ol)!icc(i  was  iu\i 

to  know  \v!iy  !,|. 
lilt,  if  lie  liiid.  «:„. 
le  WHS  |)revi'iiiiil 
made  uii  !itteiii|ji, 
I'lmkatesse,  wlnu 

retreat.     A  tri'st 

and  ^ii'iiiitir  i.l. 

(.'Iiurcli,  liiit  siiii,!' 

tliat  tliis  i'ellnw's 
sa'ui  it  was  Clniri 
h  tol<l  llieiM  to  till 
is  lie  liad  diiiiMiil 
w  (tfdered  sili'iii>', 
wliic.li  |Uit  iiii  I  inl 
owihonks  afrrci'il  to 

'•  IMiinoiitli  winlii 
(I  tiieir  wive>  Mil 

transported  oiii  m' 
I  least  but  IMiiinMiih 

nutl,  al\er  exjin'ss- 
it'  you  will  |il('ris<; 
it  I'or  you,  and  will 

W«i  do  iwl  M- 
diocy,  but  certiiiiiiy 
tension. 

bim,  and  froiip  ili- 
listed  that  it  wmilil 
lisland  and  iii'inwil 
it  Soj;konate  I'liiiil, 
uid  be  iiieiitiiinril 
Chinrh,  Wiis  i.ivir 
Imied  Chuirh  iiilii* 

Kn-.disli.    WliHi 

tlircud  of  our  uar- 

liins  and  plmr(!'  w 
1  sometimes  liy  '^ 
jtliat  he  Imri'aiii'l 
Is  hindered  a  In"! 
iifl  to  put  into  'li'' 
Ide  acciuiiiiitedwitli 
lessel  anil  <'iii'l-'"  '" 
|»(,int,  altlioii;.'li  llie 
be  rocks,  they  m\ 


,'s   people  oil  the  fron 


Chap.  IV]     AWASHONKS.— SURRENDERS  TO  THE  ENGLISH.  71 

ffith  a  contrary  wind,  mid  so  roufrb  u  sea,  that  none  l)iit  Pder  ^wcuihonks 
Miiild  !r<'t  ""  board.  Tliis  be  did  at  ffreat  pcsrii,  liavinji  only  an  old  broken 
"..iiioi' to  iret  otl"  in.  Tlie  wind  and  rain  now  I'oreed  tliem  up  into  I'oeasset 
'^diiiid,  iiMil  they  wen?  (d»iif>('d  to  bear  away,  and  nsturn  ruimd  tin;  nortii  end 
ofthe'island,  to  Newport. 

C'i/r'-i  now  dismissed  Mr.  Low,  as  be  viewed  tbeir  efl'ort  a^rainst  the  wiU 
of  i'rovideiice.     He  next  drew  up  an  account  of  what  bad  passed,  and  de- 

,,,i.|i,.,|  Peter,  on  the  !» July,  iiy  way  of  Hojrkonate,  to  I'limoiitb. 

M:ii"i"  lirwlford*  baviiiji  nc"  arrived  with  an  army  at  J'ocasset,  Mr.  Church 
nimiii'd  to  him,  and  told  bini  of  iiis  transactions  and  en<ra>rements  with 
hmshonks.  lirndford  directed  bim  to  go  and  inlbrm  her  of  bis  arrival,  wiiicli 
|ii. did.  .hcnshonks  doubtless  now  discovered  inucb  uneasiness  and  anxiety, 
jiiit  yU, Church  told  her  "that  if  sIk;  woubl  be  advised  and  observe  or(h'r, she 
„„r  lier  people  need  not  iear  beiufr  hurt."  He  directed  her  to  f?et  all  her 
iit-ifle  tofiether,  "lest,  if  they  should  be  found  straj^gliiifj  about,  mischief 
iiiiirjit  liiflit  on  them;"  and  tiiat  the  next  day  the  army  would  inarch  down 
ji,,"il)ie  neck  to  receive  her.  After  begging  bim  to  consider  the  short  time 
jihc  had  to  collect  tiiein  together,  she  promised  to  do  the  best  she  could,  and 
ill.  \A\  her. 

Accordingly,  two  days  alu  :,  she  met  the  army  at  Piinkateese.  Jlwnshonhs 
Miisiiow  niinecessarily  perjdexed  by  the  stern  carriage  of  Major  Bradford. 
I'lir  she  expected  her  men  would  have  been  employed  in  the  army;  but 
iii.itcad  of  that  he  "  presently  gave  forth  orders  for  AwctslMiiks,  and  ail  lier 
snhjci'ts,  both  men,  women  and  children,  to  repair  to  Sandwicb,  and  to  be 
lliii-c  upon  peril,  in  six  days."  Church  was  also  quite  disconcerted  by  this 
iintx|M'ited  order,  but  all  reasoning  or  remonstrance  was  of  no  avail  witli 
thf  ciiiiiiiiander  -bief.  He  told  Mr.  C'/i urcA  be  would  em|)loy  bim  if  be 
ciiiisc,  Imt  as  tor  Indians,  "he  woidd  not  be  concerned  with  tliem,"  and 

aiTinlimrly  sent  tliem  off  with  a  flag  of  triice,  under  the  direction  of  Jack 
Hmnit,  an  Indian  who  bad  nev(!r  bijen  engage'i  in  the  war.  Mr.  Church  told 
,hc(i^h<inks  not  to  be  concerned,  but  it  was  best  to  obey  orders,  and  be  would 
sIkihIv  meet  her  at  Sandwich. 

Aii'iirtliiig  to  promise.  Church  went  by  way  of  Plimoiith  to  meet  the  Sog- 
koiiMics.  The  governor  of  I'linioutb  was  highly  pleased  at  tlie  account 
Chnrrli  irave  him  of  tlu!  Indians,  and  so  nnicb  was  be  now  satisfied  of  bis 
sii{ii'ri«r  !tbiliti(;s  and  skill,  that  lie  desired  bim  to  be  coimnissioned  in  the 
(iiiMiiiv's  service,  lie  l(!tt  IMimoutb  the  same  day  with  six  attendants, 
a;ii"ii;r  wlioin  were  Mr.  Jnbez  Howland,  and  Mr.  JVathanied  Southworth.  They 
all  jit  at  Sandwich  the  first  night,  and  here  taking  a  few  more  men,  agreeably 
til  till'  frovernor's  onUn's,  procetided  to  .^erawam,  a  small  river  of  Kochester, 
HLt'it'  they  ex|tect(!d  to  metjt  the  Indians.  Some  of  his  company  now 
hi'iaiiie  (li.scoiiragcd,  presuming,  |)erb!ips,  the  Indians  were  treacherous,  and 
liall  of  tliein  returned  home.  When  they  came  to  Si[)pican  River,  which 
I'liilitios  into  Muz/ard's  liay  in  Rochester,  Mr.  Howland  was  so  fatigued  that 
tiny  were  obliged  to  leav(!  bim,  be  being  in  years,  and  somewhat  corpulent. 
('/ii/(t/i  left  two  more  with  bim  as  a  restjrve,  in  case  be  should  be  obliged  to 
Mivat.  They  soon  came  to  the  shore  of  lUiz/ard's  Ray,  and,  hearing  a 
tna'  noise  at  considerable  distance  from  them,  upon  the   bank,  were  pres- 

'  Out  of  a  carious  book  we  take  the  following  note,  as,  besides  q^iviii";  us  nii  inten'sliag 
Ifa.l 'oiiicniiii^  iho  major,  it  coiilaiMS  olliers  of  value.  It  was  wriileu  in  !()'.<7.  Al  that 
I tiini' <imii' pretended  llial  llie  af^o  of  people  was  much  shorter  in  America  ihaii  in  Kurope; 
l*iiiHi  save  rise  lo  what  we  are  al)onl  to  extract. — Alarij  firoiim  was  the  lirst-l»)rn  of  New- 
bury, Ma^s.,  who  married  a  (ioitf'nj ;  and,  says  our  book,  she  ''  is  yet  alive,  and  is  become 
llhe  niiiilicr  and  uraiidmotlier  of  many  children."  ''The  mention  of  it/ur;/  liniirn  lirliif^s  to 
iourmiiKJ  ail  iijle  whim.sey,  us  if  persons  Itorn  in  New  l-]n''lan<l  woiil.l  be  short-lived  ;  whereas, 
jihu  natives  liv(' long.  And  a  ju<lgment  concerning  iMiglishmen  cannot  well  be  mad*  till  20 
lor  W  years  hence.  Cnpt.  I'eri'^rinc  Whitf,  born  [on  boanl  ihe  Maijjlower'\  Nov.  Ki'iO, 
lis  yet  alive,  and  like  to  live,  [He  died  7  ytuirs  after,  in  17(W..J  iMajor  William  lirail/'ord 
Ifc  iiioro  than  7.5  years  old,  ind  nalh  worn  a  Imllel  in  iiis  flesh  above  20  of  them,  [which  he 
|diiiilp||i'»<  received  in  Fliilip's  war.  Ife  died  aged  71).]  Elizuhi'tk  Aldeii,  (now  I'mjlioilij, 
|*liii>e  '.,'ramhlaughler  is  a  mother,)  ("apt.  John  Alihii,  her  brother,  Alej''.  i^laiidisli,  and 
mJohit  IIuiiIiikI,  have  lived  more  than  70 years."    S.  Sewall's  Nem  Heaven  upon  tlie  Neva 

li'art/i,  ay,  GO. 


■.■Mi  •    M 
'i-.v/''   ■  '.tilit, 

■^y  WA»  'i    ''Ifc^ 


;  !jwi|«^|| 

,.  '  i    ' 

.;:l:vMp^^^ 

.»    * 

Im 

'  '.'^'  \ 

■^■^^i^^M 

1- 

■m 

72 


AWASIIONKS.— MANNER  OF  M\KING  SOLDIERS.      [ro.,K  m 


i 


ently  in  siffht  of  a  "  viiHt  coiiipniiy  of  Indians,  of  all  nges  and  soxes,  soin!.  m 
horsrhack,  rnnniii;^  races,  soni(!  at  foot-liali,  sonu;  catcliin;^  »;«'ls  and  tl,,t  i;,, 
in  tinj  wait!!-,  sonn!    clannninjr,  &i<'."     Tiify    now   liad   to    fnul  out 
Indians  these   were,  before  they  dared  make  tiicuiselvcs  known  in 
C'hurrh  therefore  iialloiMl,  and  two  Indians  that  were  at  a  distance  iniim), 
rest,  ro(l(!  u|i  to  him,  to  find  out  wiiat  the  Jioise  meant.     'I'iiey  wciwip. 
miicli  sin'prised  wIkmi  tliey  l(>nnd  themselves  so  near  Kn<;lishmen,  and  turn,,! 
their  horses  to  nm,  hut,  Clnirch  makinjr  himself  known  to  them,  tlicv  i',;;,. 
him  the  d(!sired  information,     lie  sent  lor  Jack  Havens,  who  iiiinicdiii, , 
came.     And  when    he  had  confirmed  what  tiio  others   had   rehittd,  tlmi 
arrived  a  larjfe  nundter  of  them  on  lior.seltuck,  well  armed.     '1  Ik  sc  ti>(,ti, 
the  I'n^'^lish  very  respectfully.     Church  then  sent  Jack  to  ^twashonks,  to  i:!),,,,, 
her  that  he  would  sup  witli  her  that  ni^lit,  and  lod^e  in  her  tent,    Im;! 
mean  time,  the  lOn^lisli  returned  with  their  friends  th(;y  had  left  at  ^'i|l|lil,,^ 
VVIieii  they  came  to  the  Indian  company,  they  "were  immediately  coiiiliin,,, 
to  a  shelter,  open  on  one  side,  whither  jhvasiionks  and  her  chiels  soim  ijin,. 
and   paid  their  respects."     When   this  had  taken  place,  there  w-rc  ^iivu 
shouts  made  by  the  "  nndtitudes,"  which  "made  the  heavens  to  riiijr."  ^i,,,,,, 
sunset,  "tlui  AWo/«  *  came  ruiminj,'  Irom  all  (lunrters,  laden  with  the  t(i|i>, 
dry  pines,  and  the  like  <-oudiustil)le  matter,  makinij;  a  hu<re  pile  tlicrtoi;  ii,- 
Mr.  C1niirh\i  shelter,  on  the  opt^n  side  thereof.     I5ut  hy  this  time  .sii|i|m.|\\  , 
hrou^dit  in,  in  thre»i  dishes,  vi/.  a  ciuMous  yonnjr  bass  in  one  dish,  tds;;!,,; 
fiat   lisli    in  a  second,  and    shell  fish  in  a  third;"    but  sidt  W!;s  wjimin 
When  the  supjier  was  fiifished,  "the  mii;lity  pile  of  pine  knots  imkI  iii|,> 
&c.  was  fired,  and  all  tin;  Indians,  •ireat  and  small,  <;athered  in  a  nii<r  tinii,:,: 
it.     ^^washonks,  with  the  ehh'st  of  her  people,  men  and  women  mixed,  km.l. 
in<,'  down,  made   the  first  riii<r  next  tlu;  fire,  and  all  the  lusty  stipiitnn: 
standin<r  U|)  made  the  next ;  and  then  all  the  rabble,  in  a  conliistd  ir.u 
siUTounded  on  the  outside,     Tnen  the  chief  cai)tain  stepped  in  lictwiin n,, 
rings  and  the  fire,  with  a  spear  in  on(;  hand,  and  a  hatchet  i'l  the  mlnf 
danced  rotnid  the  fire,  and  began  to  fight  with  it,  making  mention  ot  allni, 
several  nations  and  companies  of  Indians  in  the  country  that  were  cmiiiii. 
to  the   l''.nglisli.     And  at  nannng  of  every  jtarticular  tribe  of  lii(li;iii>,  I,. 
would  draw  out  and  fight  a  new  fln^-brand,  and  at  his  finishing  his  tinLi  wii; 
each  particular  fire-brand,  wouhl  bow  to  Mr.  Church  and  thank  him."    Win 
he  had  named  over  all  the  tribes  at  war  with  the  English,  be  stuck  his>|«;, 
and  hatchet  in  the  groimil,  and  left  the  ring,  and  then  another  stepimlii,, 
and  acted  over  flu;  samt!  liirce  ;  trying  to  act  with  more  fury  than  tin'  lii- 
Alh'r  about  a  half  a  dozen  bad  gout;  through  with  the  perfornmiicc,  tin, 
chief  captain    stepped    to    iVIr.   Church,  and   told   him  "thej    were  inikiu; 
soldiers  lor  him,  and  what  they  had  been  doing  was  all  one  sweaiiii:  " 
them."     .'I wdshonks  i\iH\  her  chiefs  next  cam*!  and  told  him  "  that  now  ilm 
were  all  engaged  to  fight  for  the  Knglish."     .\t  this  time  .Iwnshunks  |in'si  nii  i 
to  M\:  Church  a  very  fine  gini.     The  next  day,  July  'i'^,  he  selected  a  iiumlNr 
of  her  men,  and  |n'oce(!(li!d  to  IMimouth.     A   counnission  was  fiiveii  liii. 
and,  being  joined  with  a  mimber  ol"  Knglish,  volunteer.'',  commenced  ii  mi  ■ 
ccssful  seric's  ot"  exploits,  in    which  these  SoglrMuntes  bore  u  coii>|iiiiiiii> 
part,  but  bav(!  never,  since  the  days  of  Church,  been  any  where  iioiitid  u 
they  deserved. 

It  is  saidf  that  .///wm/ioh^.»  had  two  sons;  tin;  youngest  was  Jf'Ulmm Mnif- 
miinrwlt,  who  was  [)Ut  to  a  g  •'imniar  school,  and  learned  the  Latin  Iiiiil'iiii;<. 
and  was  intended  for  college,  but  was  prevented  by  being  seized  wiiliii* 
jtidsy.  W(!  have  been  abh;  to  extend  the  interesting  memoir  of  the  tliiiii; 
of  .iwnshonks  in  the  early  part  of  this  article  much  biiyond  any  M*^ 
print<>d  account ;  of  Tokamona  we  have  no  i)rinted  notice,  except  «l,ii 
Church  X  incidentally  mentions.  Some  of  his  Indian  soldiers  re(|iii'«:'il 
liberty  to  jnirsuo  the  Nurraganscts  and  other  enemy  Indians,  iiiiiiiediiiiil) 


*  ^\g\\\W\\\>i  fiiniit.s.  ill  liiiliiiii.  t  Coll.  M(i>s.  ///>/.  .'•' 

{  llisl.  I'liili|)'s  Wiir,  .i'.l.  Il  is  iisiinl  111  rile  Ciiptnlii  Cliiirrh  as  llie  luillmr  nr  icii'r  ' 
liis  on II  iicliuii-i  ;  il  i^  so,  allhoiiirli  his  son  'I'Ikiiiicis  upbears  as  llic  wriler  of  the  li^lnn.  i 
iriilli  is.  ilio  I'ullicf  (Jic'lutvdlo  llie  son,  uiid  conecled  wlial  appoaroii  orfimoous  ulUr  iliov 
wan  wriUvu. 


:RS.       [P.odk  11! 

;l  80X0S,  S()ii;v  (11, 

(M'ls  ami  tliit  i',.|. 

liiid    out    will.; 

known  to  tlici, 

ilislancf  iWnn  t|., 

'riioy  were  vi  r. 
Iiincn,  and  tnriii.' 

tluMii,  tlicy  '.'lA, 
wliu  inini('ili;ii,. 
iul  rcliitnl.  il,i|'. 
(1.  Tilt  fie  tivia,,: 
uislionks,  to  iiitdii; 

liiT  tent,  lilt- 
1(1  Iflt  at  r^ipliic;::,, 
I'diatt'h  t'oiiiliniM; 
f  cIiu'Is  soon  rini.. 

tlicn-  W'-re  iiivi,i 
ns  tt)  riii;i."  Alii.iii 
■  n  Nvitli  tiic  tii|i>. 

!  |)ill'  till'l't'i)!',  iM- 

'iH  tinif  sii|i|iii' \\  . 
one  ilisli,  »il>Mi,: 
salt  wcs  wiiiiiiii., 
ne  knots  luui  iu|i<, 
ed  in  a  riii;r  mniii;.; 
)nu!n  niixi'd,  kiml. 
lu!  Inst}'  stout  iiMi 
11  u  conriiscil  iriK, 
)jM'd  in  li<'t\viMiiii,r 
lUrliet  i'l  tlid  iiilnr. 
if  mention  ot'ulltlif 
>'  tiiat  were  ciiciiiii'* 
rilu'  of  liidiiiiis  lif 

iishinjll'i'*t''r'''  ^^"' 
thank' liiiM."    Willi 

I,  lie  stuck  lii:<  ?|»ii: 

anotla'i"  stt'ii|"M  hi, 

i'ury  than  tlic  lii-'. 

|)orl<>rniaiin'.  \\\ti 

they  wciT  iiiiikiii; 
II  one  swcariii; ": 
iiiiu  "  that  now  liuv 
.lwrtshonliS]nr<y\\\>\ 
1(1  selected  a  iaiiiil»i 
lion  was  iiivca  liii- 
coinineiu'cd  a  sii'- 
liiore  a  coiis|iiHio'i- 

ly  where  iiDtitTili! 

„  was  U'iUuvn  Mm- 

the  l.atiii  lanL'uii;''. 

|i,i<r  seized  wiiliiwj 

j-inoir  of  tlic  liiiuil; 

J  beyond   any  l'i'l"f^| 

Inotiee,  except  «!.» 

soldiers  \rt\wO' 

lidians,  iiiiiiiciliiii^«l 

fro//.  ;!/<"••-■•  "'■■"■'■'''" 

l|„>  ;u\ili<ir  or  itim-I'  r 


orroueousalU'ril";" 


li 


au?.  V]  PUMiiAM.  73 

fivr  tliev  liiitl  rai>tin-C(l  Philip's  wife  and  son.  "Tlioy  said  the  Narragartsota 
"  .i(.  .rn'at  roiiUi-'S,  and  they  wanttd  to  be  revenged  on  them,  for  killing  some 
\'  11(^1-  relations  ;  named  Tokkm)wn<t,[.'lwa3honk\s  brother,)  and  sonu;  otiiers." 
"  \|i()iit  \'iO  years  ago,  i.  e.  1700,  there  were  100  Indian  iikuj  of  tin;  S^og- 
koaiite  tribe,  and  the  genend  assembly  apjiointed  ^\'umpftus  their  captain, 

iio  lived  to  ho  an  old  man,  and  died  abont  174d,  after  tiie  taking  of  Cape 
Brttoii  17-15'  At  the  connnencement  of  the  eighteenth  eentury,  they  made 
nuitc  a  respoet'ible  religious  congregation ;  had  a  m(!eting-bonse  of  their 
own  iu  whiiM  they  were  instructed  by  Kev.  31r.  JiiUing.%  once  a  month,  on 
finndavs.  l^iey  had  u  steady  preacher  auiong  themselves,  wiiosc  name  waa 
}o/iH  Simon,  a  n"ian  of  a  strong  mind. 

Vbout  17  >0,  a  very  distressing  fever  carried  ofF  many  of  this  tribe,  and  in 
1803  there  »verc  not  above  ten  in  Com[)ton,  their  principal  residence. 

CHAPTER  V. 

}  furt!icr  account  of  chiefs  conspicuous  in  Phill.i/s  war — Pumham — Taken  and 
slain— His  son  Qi^ACiUAi-n — Ciiickon — Socononoco — I'otock — His  residence — 
Coiii'ilainl  against  Wildhotn's  encroachments — Ddircrs  himself  up — Put  to  death — 
Sro.vE-WAM.-JOH.N — Jl  great  captain — A  mason — His  men  greatlit  annuij  the 
Kin'lish  nnnij  in  j\arragunset — Kills  several  of  them — Theij  burn  a  gt.'rison,  and 
liilfjiftrcn  persons — A  traffic  in  Indian  prisoners — The  burning  of  liehohoth  and 
Proridrnce — John's  discourse  icith  Roger  Williams — Is  killed — SA(iAMOKE  Jiurv — 
f,j(co/' Matoonas — Put  to  death  on  Boston  Common — His  son  hanged  for  mur- 
j(r_MoNOC() — David — Andreir — James-the-printcr —  Oi.d-jktmkih) — Saoamoke- 
i\yi,  alias  Shoshanim — Visited  by  Elict  in  IVib'-i — Anecdote — Pk.t    i-jkthkho. 

Pl'MIIAM,  it  may  be  truly  said,  "was  a  mighty  man  of  valor."  Our 
history  lias  several  times  heretofore  brought  him  befort;  ns,  and  we  shall 
uow  inocoed  to  relate  such  liicts  concerning  him  as  we  have  been  able  to 
coili'ct.  lie  was  sachem  of  Shawomet,  the  country  where  iIk;  old  stpiaw- 
saoiioin  Mas;nus  was  tak(!n  and  slain,  as  in  her  lifl;  we  have  shown. 

As  ill  almost  every  other  case,  we  can  only  learn  how  to  estimate  the 
coiisi'iiiience  of  a  chief  from  the  story  of  bis  enemies.  It  is  j)eculiarly  so  in 
tlio  hioirraphy  of  Pumlutm.  When  it  was  r(;|)orted  that  he  was  slain,  every 
c.'iKiiiiclcr  seems  to  have  stood  ready,  with  the  ink  of  exultation  in  his  p(!n, 
tonroiil  all  the  ])articulars  of  his  fidl ;  and  to  make  it  a|)pear  the  greater,  it 
IS  ;o  be  feared,  they  have  sometimes  raised  many  to  a  height  to  which  tlujy 
\v(.'ie  not  entitled,  for  that  object,  ihit  it  was  not  so  iu  the  case  ot'  Fumlianu 
Wlii'ii  it  was  rejiorted  at  lioston  that  he  was  Lilled,  an  author  in  our  Chronicle 
said,  '•  If  it  is  s(-  the  glory  of  that  nation  is  sunk  with  him  forever." 

Tills  cliici"  was  brought  into  consid(!rable  difficulty  by  the  I'highsh  as  early 
as  liI45.  In  U')\'>,  the  iiev.  Samuel  Gorton  took  refuge  in  his  country,  and 
was  kindly  treateil  by  him ;  and  in  January  th(!  next  year,  Miantunnomoh 
and  Vannnlcus  (leed(!(l  to  him  Mishawomet,  or  Hhaomet,  winch  he  afterward 
called /r«wi'c^,  after  the  carl  of  that  name.  This  settlement  was  grievous 
t(i  the  Puritan  iiithers  of  Massachusetts,  as  they  soon  sliow(>(l  by  their 
ri'scntiiient  to  Minntiuinomoh;  and  here  we  cannot  but  discover  the  germ  of 
nil  tlic  siihsetiiient  disasters  of  that  sachem.  3Ir.  (joHon  was  kindly  treated 
by  liiiii,  as  well  as  riimhmn,  in'il  fli(^  latter  was  urged  by  Mr.  (Jorton^s 
fiii'inics  to  hiy  claim  to  the  lands  he  had  purchased  of  Miantunnomoh,  whom 
tlic  court  of  Massachusetts  declared  an  usin-per,  "^  as  in  his  lili;  has  been  told. 

liy  the  letters  of  the  uifunpeachable  Jioiirr  iniliams,  the  above  conclu- 
sions will  appear  evident.  )n  ItMti.  he  "vrote  to  Mas.satdin.setts,  showing 
liicin  tlie  wretched  state  Warwick  was  in  from  thcur  difliculties  with  the 
Indians,  as  follows: — "Your  wisdoms  know  the  inhuman  insultations  of 
tlii'sc  wild  creatures,  and  vou  may  be  pleased  also  to  imagine,  that  tln^y  have 
not  lici'ii  sparing  of  your  name  as  the  patron  of  all  their  wickedrcsa  against 

*  MS.  state  paper. 


''"^ 


74 


rUMHAM.-flOCONONOrO— dUAfiUAMT. 


[DooK  111 


our  Kiifflisli  i)!,'n,  wonioii  «i;<l  childnMi,  nin.  ml. It'  to  tlu  '  cnrly  djnmiirr;  pi 
(iO,  HI  ail'.!    KKtJC.     'I'll"   rniif.ly  is,  (iiiidcr    (io«l,)  only  your   |ilt  iiniinr  || 
y'Hm/i«Hj  sliiiil  foiiK!  to  nil  ii^-rcfiiii'i!?  wits  th<'  '  r.vn  o'    colony."  <     ,\inv 
flioiild  Im>  r;'iii('Mil>"!cd,  that  wIh-ii   NVnruIrk   whh  |<.'rciiaH.  <I,   l';t:uhiiin  ;i, , 
soiiu;  other  iiitrrior  wirlifiiis  rrccivcd  |ircHciil.-.  )'<iv    In  iriut  •  cidar  iiii(i(.;,|^ 
wliat  was  8old,  ajirccahly  lo  llic  laws  niiii  iisiiisi  h  <i''  tl.c  f  •kIi.'ms. 

'I'lio  I'liiiioiilli  |tco|ilo  iiad  llicir  sliaro  in  tin  Warvvjrk  (•inidovrrsy,  lm\iiif; 
raiisi'd  ()ii.i<iin(i<iitiit  to  lay  claim  lo  tin-,  buiiio  pluco,  or  ;.  tmchciii  wlio  |ni.,| 
witli  liiiii,  iiaincd  .Vainii'ii.tliitw.'tiirk  ;  iH'twcm  wlioiii  and  Pumliain  ilic  (|iiurrt| 
run  HO  lii<>li  thai  tiic  loniicr  stahhcd  th(>  lallcr. 

'•"lie  allliirs  of  Warwick  had  hccii  iiiidcr  consideration  liy  tiic  niiniiiig. 
nioncrs  of  tho  I  nitcd  Colonics  lor  several  ytiars  before  this,  and  In  |(;|i| 
tiiey  say,  "  V|»|ion  a  (|iiestioii  hetvvi.xt  the  two  collonicrt  of  tlie  ftlassaclmsci^ 
and  riyinoiilli,  t<)rinerly  nro|(i>iindeil,  ;md  now  af;ain  renewed  hy  llic  ((im. 
niissittners  of  the  iMassachiisclls,  comerninfj  a  tract  ot  land  now  or  limly 
lieluni.nn;.'  to  I'liinliiim  and  Snroiioro,  'wo  Indian  sa<:ani"res  who  hiid  sni,, 
milted  tliemselvcs  and  their  |ieo|de  lo  liie  iMiissachnsell.--  j;>>»('riiiciil,  v|i|iiii| 
part  of  which  lantl  som  I'.n^dish,  (liesides  the  said  Indians,)  in  anno  Itll.j,  v^,,.,. 
|ilanted  and  sellled."  The  decision  was,  that  lhon>;li  the  >ii''ni  tract  (if  \-,„^\ 
fall   wiliiin   I'linioiith    hounds,  it  should  hencel()rth  iielonj^lo  iMassiicJnisiiu^ 

AI  (lilt  Kill!,  we  find  liie  follow  inj.'  record  f  of  Ihesi?  chiefs: — '' I'omikn 
and  Sitrtniiiuoro  cnniplainin;;  to  us  |the  court  of  IMass.]  that  many  IikIi.uij 
dwciiin;;  '20  miles  heyond  t.heiii,  (licinjr  friends  aia!  heljiers  to  the  .\!iit,im;.. 
Hetts  in  their  |iresi'iit  wars  with  I'liras,)  are  conic  upon  their  liiiids,  ;iii,| 
planted  upon  the  same  ajfainst  their  wills,  they  not  heiiifi  able  of  tlicmsilvis 
to  remove  ll'.em,  and  liieiefore  desiri!  oiir  counsel  and  iielp.  We  slmll 
tliereliire  advise  them,  if  the  de(»uties  af(ree  thereunto,  lo  send  a  iiMss(iii,rir 
to  the  sachem  tif  those  inlrnders  lo  coiiui  to  us  lo  jiive  an  account  oI'mhIi 
his  intention  ;  and  if  Ik^  come  to  us,  tiieii  to  oIUm'  him  pmtectioii  ii|iiiii  the 
name  terms  that  I'limliiiiii  hath  it,  provided  they  salisfy  Uvra.i  liir  any  injiin' 
they  have  done  liim.  If  he  refuse  to  come,  then  vv-'  would  have  eiii' nui 
Hcnirer  charire  llieni  to  depart  t'rom  I'mnliam  and  "Dcoiutiiorlio  their  Iihk^ 
which  also  il'  they  refuse,  then  we  siiall  acc(Mml  llieiii  our  enemies."! 

'rhoii<ih.  In  the  aid  of  the  iln^disli,  I'uinlmui  Jiad  heeii  ahle  lo  iiiiiiiiiiiina 
kind  of  independence  for  some  yvars  alter  llu;  death  of  the  ciiief  .sicliini, 
yet  he  was  aiiionj;  the  fust  who  espoused  ihe  cause  (A'  Philip  in  iiis  Har, 
as  it  wdiild  seem  from  his  not  attendin^r  at  tiie  i<°eaty  in  June,  iniini'di.itily 
alter  hostilities  commenced.  The  army  wiio  wci.l  lo  malvc  that  treat\  |iii>Mil 
through  his  country  in  their  march,  and,  :is  .\!r.  //if.V-^r/v/ states,  "They  fdiiiiililn; 
Jndiaiis  in  f'omliam's  country  (next  adjoiiiiiifr  to  /'lii!i}'\i  '(orders)  all  ticil,  uml 
their  wigwams  wilhoui  any  peojtie  in  them."'  The  ilnulish  army  aJM)  la.ini- 
ed  ihroiiirh  his  cout'tr'-.  m  their  return  from  tlu>  attack  on  J'hitif)  and  his  rim. 
feiK'riili's  in  Narra,  :;,s:i  in  Decemher,  Hi/.").  At  this  time  a  small  lif.'lil  louk 
pla'*e  'letwccn  soiue  o'"  'he  I'lnsrhsh  and  a  nuiiilu'r  of  l'iiiiiliiiin\i  men.  iimlir 
a  chii  f  wiiose  name  uas  CilAUrAMI,  w  ho  jrained  some  advaiita;;!'  ul  llu; 
I'liiirlish,  woundinii  linirof  tlieir  men.  The  whiles,  however,  report  tliiiiilny 
killed  five  of  the  IndiaiiH.  ({iimiiKilh  himself  was  wounded  in  the  knee.  At 
th"  itaiue  time  they  hiirnt  Pitiiiluini's  town,  |  which  contained  near  lOd  wi;. 
waiiis.     The    l''n<:lish  were  commanded  hy  ( 'a|)tiiiii  I'lriitirrA 

l'iniih(tm\yn>i  notti hief  captain  in  the  (ii-ht  at  lh»^   ureat  falls  in  tlic  t'"i!- 

necticut.  wliiidi  took  place  I!'  AFay,  itiJii,  although  xve  presume,  friMii  ilio 
known  character  of  him,  tiiat  he  was  the  most  conspicuous  in  it  on  the  >iilc 
of  the  Indians;  lieiii;f  a  man  of  vast  physical  powers  jind  of  extrauidiniirv 
bravery.  In  this  alfair  the  Ijiulish  acted  a  most  cowardly  part,  liavin;.' ivny 
atlvMMtn^c"  ot' tlicir  enemy,  who  acijuired  credit  upon  the  occasion,  cvtii  nt 
the  tine,  from  the  historian.  The  l'n<,disli  came  upon  them  I'eforc  (l;i), 
while  noii(>  were  awake  t')  ffive  the  alarm,  and, "  tindin;r  them  secure  iiniiii'., 
yen,  all  asleep,  without  liavinj?  any  scouts  ubioud,  so  tiiut  our  sold  iii's  mine 

*   Ifiitrlnnsnn'.i  paprrs,  ami  Iforard. 

t  111  .■".iniiiscriji/.  iiuioni;;  (he  p,i|)i'is  on  llic  in  tlio  si'crctai  v".i  ofTioo,  Mass.  williout 
t   O/il    liiili.ni  ('hro)i.  T)!!.      Tliis  aiiilidr  has  iiis  ii.inic  'lliimh<iii\     There  were 
8tB;.ces,  at  Uiis  time,  of  the  use  of  B.  lot  P.  J  Hubbard,  N;u.  57. 


dale, 
many  m- 


CH.*f.  v.] 

„.„i  I'lit  tlieir  J 

•Im'im,  and  mil 

llii'ir  fri;;lit  rai 

\\liiiiii,  ildiilitle 

C'ljil. litis  '/'((nil 

)i;i\iii;i  licsriin 

iililiiiii:.'li  llicy  I 

cm'  w.is  »v<iiin(i 

jndiiiMS,  ill  our 

Malkr'H  Ifrief 

i-biid,  (wliose  ( 

.s.riilirrs,  lielliro 

I'-nv  .'ilMiiit  that 

l!iii:li.-<ii,  a  (i'W  I 

iiiiiiiiicr  near  tw; 

killrii.  ;iS  lie  Wfil 

vJiir,  mikI  seem; 

liiMi' nl'  no  other 

jiiir  (i.'is.xa^^e  con 

lliiiiii;.'  the  fi;rht 

tiniird.j.-'.iKl  chilli 

lli'liiikr  (lisi'oven 

ami  I'M,"  lodeail 

i:i>l,  liir,  hy  his  •; 

of  \(hii'li  he  dii'd 

Il  wiiiild  .>Jeei)i 

f;:illy  disfrcssei! 

'ii.-^s ;  wliicli,  says 

II.  V.  ill  some    res 

'•\Vc  (ic.-troyed  ji 

Clin  iiiinlly  be  so 

with  men.     We 

tlirir  (inii.«,  took  a 

iiili)  llic  river,  w  hi 

of  llirii^,  (iiitende 

iiicii  ucre  retiirni 

jiillicicntiy  aware 

viilliy,  t\n)  said  c 

altrr;li('y  had  disi 

Im  ivliitiiii'-  tlie 
ua.-<iiii'  (if  the  sto 
r,ii';iii.-i'is  ;  whose 
iii<iri;iliy  wounded 
iiiild  of  an  Mnirli^ 
iiiisiliici;  if  he  ha 
Tills  ujis  on  o~)  .(, 
liiiif  secreted  ihei 
"(Tc  "almost  sf;i 
"iTe  fiilleii  njion  b 


'  lylLithrr,  .10. 
f  Wc  caiiiiot    a'^rcc  « 
f,''*.  alliiiiii^rl,  wo  OlICI 
f'jlis-  If,  indoecl,  tlieir 
'.'iitoi  Ihll.s   is  pvea 
Ufolojv  (iC  Alass. 
}  r.  M.iili,-,  ;jn, 
'  Manv  of  III,.  Iii.iiai 
f'^'o  li)j;oi)d  iicedinil 
™ilMvasiiii|,.,|  w||,,„  ;| 
'"'""'.V  "lui  ainoiitrsi  il 
^>2  ''""11  lis,  (Icniolish. 
^i .'fvii  e   100.  .ko 


w. 


[HllMK  111, 

y  <iMiii!i!."'  (' 
|>lt  iiHiHf  iliin 
v."  *  .Now  . 
I'tiUilidm  iiini 
iir  iiitfrcjiis  m 
1. 

•viTsy,  Iwivinj 

■;m  wIiu  liviii 
iin  llif  iiiiiiri\l 

tin-  iMiimiiis. 

iiiul  ill  |i;|!i, 

iMassiu'liiiscis 

1  l>y  llic  cdiii. 

imW    (II-   liilily 

wlio  liail  Mik 

ITllH'Ilt,  V|l|iiMi 

linn  lt>i:{,  Win: 

I    iHH't  ot'    l:,I:.| 

Massiiciiiisi'U.. 
18  : — "  I'iimihiin 
t  iiiiiiiy  liiiliiiiH 
>  llic  Niiliii;;;!;.. 
icir  liiiitls.  iiin! 
•  ol"  lliclMSrIvis 

lul  ii  iii('ss('ii;:ir 
ic('<niiit  »)!'  Miiii 
iM-tioii  uiHiiiilie 
(.f  lor  any  iiijiin' 
I  lia\f  fill-  mis- 
i(7i(i  llifir  liiuils, 
|iciiii('s.'"t 
U'.  i<>  iiijiiiitaiiia 

(•llicl'  SMclll'lll, 

iji  in  iiis  wiir, 

',  iinnn'tliiilily 
it  treaty  \m>>n\ 
Tlicy  ruMiiihlii; 
all  llnl.Mli.l 
iiy  also  lUMrcl.- 
ij)  anil  liis  I'liii- 

nail  tl^'liitiiuk 
rm'.s  ini'ii,  iiiiilir 
vaiita;:!'  nt'  the 
n'|)ori  lliii'  iImv 
II  \\\v  kiit'c.   At 

near  Um  wi:- 

iallsinllirC"!'- 
•siiinc,  li'i'iii  tlio 
ill  it  on  till'  >'il'' 
)!'  (>\traonrni:ify 
irt,  liaviiiL'  ivi'iy 
ccasion,  I'vrii  ^^i 
H'lii  Im-Iovi'  ii;i}, 
11  srciirc  iniW, 
111-  soltlii'i's  ciinie 


!.  willlOllt'lalO. 

ere  were  many  m- 


Chap,  v.] 


PI  V.I  AM— Tin;   VWA.   rifMIT, 


m^ 


f^ 


i  iiut  tlii'ii' trniiH  info   tin  ir  ui;:\\aiiis,  iK'Ton^  liir   Iniiians  Wfrn  nwaii'  of 
j','.iii    iiiiil  iiiado  a  ^n'cat  ami  iiolahic  Hlaii;;lilrr  niiioiiusi  lliciii.'  '     JSIniiy  \u 


.1 


al 


V 


HOII.'f; 


f>r 


tii,ir'iiii.'lit  ran   iiitotlic   river,  and   wcrt;   liiirlcd  dov 

j  iiiii  (|lllllltl^•^'-',  wi'Vr  droniicd.  Ai-'  soon  as  tla.'  Kiif^lisli,  uli«.  \v<'iii  If!  Iiy 
('•iiit.iiiis  7'((r/i«7' and  H.iliolt,  hud  niiirdcrcd  llic  inircsi.'tiiiL',  and  tiic  Indians 
I'niiiT  lii'iriMi  to  riili_.  t"  o|i|)<iso  lliciii,  tliry  Mod  in  llic  ^Tcalcst  coiiliis.oii, 
ililiiiu"ii  llii'V  iiad  '■aliiiiit  an  liniKircd  and  linir  srorc"  iiicn,|  of  whom  hut. 
dill'  wjis  Udundcd  when  ih;'  llifrhl  hc^aii.  'Tfiis  enhances  the  valor  of  ihc 
liKJi.iiis,  ill  oiir  mind,  especially  as  we  read  the  (iillowiiijr  |iassaj,'c,  in  JMr. 
MithifK  ItiicC  llislor  : — "In  the  mean  wl'ile,  a  |i,irty  of  Indians  from  titi 
i-biiil  (whose  coniinj;  on  shore  mi'riit  easily  have  heeii  |irevcntcd,  and  llio 
viiilii'i:-'  hcli'i'c  llicy  set  out  li-om  lladley,  were  earmslly  admoiii.^hcd  to  t;ike 
i..i,.|,  iilidiit  that  iiiatlcr,)  assaiihril  our  iiieii  ;  yea,  to  t!ie  ^Tcat  dishonor  of  the 
I'll 'li.>ii,  II 1''^^'  Indians  piirs,  i  d  our  soldiers  (iair  or  live  inih-s,  who  were  in 
iiiiin'ii'i'  iiearlwice  as  nianynstlie  eiiciny."  In  thistli^dit  ('a|it,iiii  'I'tiniir  was 
kilji'il.  iis  li''  ^^•'"^  cntssiiiir  <irccn  Uivcr.  Hollokc  exerted  himself  with  j;reat 
v,;|iir.  mill  seems  well  calciilaled  to  ojipose  such  ii  diief  its  I'nmhnin.  We 
liiMi  ol"  no  other  hravery  amonirtli>  'iii;.;lish  in  this  massacre,  hut  the  jiillow- 
jii.r  M.issa^'c  conceriiinjj;  Holiahc,  which  we  are  sorry  is  so  sadly  ecli|>se(l, 
lliiriiiL'  the  fi;.dit,  some  old  |icrsoiis,  (w helher  men  or  women  is  not  meii- 
iii>iiril,)".nil  chililri  II,  had  hid  themselves  niider  the  hank  of  the  river,  ('ajitaiti 
//(./iii/n  ilisiovered  them,  and  with  his  own  hands  put  live  ol  them,  "yoiinj^ 
;,ii,iii|(|."  to  death.  §  This  I'lnu-lisli  cajdain  did  not  loii<r  survive  his  anla;.'!)- 
];j, I,  liir,  hy  his  jrreat  exertions  in  this  li^'lit,  a  fever  was  hroiifjht  upon  him, 
(if  whirli  lie  died  in  Sepleiiiher  liillou  iiijr,  "ahoiit  liostoii."|| 

It  wiiiild  seem  from  the  several  ticcoiints,  that,  alllioii;;li  IIk;  l'Ji;:Tish  wero 
Hi'.illv  ili.^frcsscd  in  this  fi^rlit,  the  Indicns  ronld  iievi  r  liiivr;  repaired  their 
'ii>>:  wliicli,  says  the  author  of  the  I'ki.sk.ni'  Stati:,  "was  almost  as  much, 
ii:  V,  in  sonic  respects  more  coiisiderahle,  than  their  lives."  He  continues, 
>'(',!'  ilrslroyed  all  their  ammimition  and  provision,  whicji  wi;  think  they 
c;:ii  liiinlly  he  so  soon  and  easily  recriiiled  with,  as  possihly  t'ley  may  ho 
with  iiii'ii.  NV(^  likewise  liere  demolished  two  lin-Lres  they  had  to  mend 
till  ir  .•iniiH,  took  away  all  tlii'ir  materials  and  tools,  and  drove;  many  of  theiri 
iiiiu  llic  river,  where  they  were  drowne*!,  and  threw  two  <,n-eat  pijis  of  had 
of  ih'iis,  (intended  for  makinir  of  hullets,)  into  IIk;  said  river."*! — "  As  our 
jiiiii  were  rcliirniiif,'  to  lladley,  i'l  a  daii^'croiis  pass,  which  they  were  not 
.Hiliiiii'iitly  aware  of,  the  skiilkiii:;  Indians,  (out  of  the  woods,)  kille<l,  al  one, 
vi'lliv,  the  said  captain,  and  ei>rht-and-thirt«-  of  his  jiieii,  hut  immediately 
allij-  tiicy  had  <liscliar>red,  tlu-y  lied." 

Ill  ri'latini' the  capture  and  dvi\\\\  ni' Pitmhiim,  Mr.  Hvhhttnl  says,**  "Ifc 
u;i.- mil' 111"  tiic  stoutest  and  iiio;'  valiant  sachems  that  lielonur'd  to  the  Nar- 
r.ii'.'iiisrts ;  whose  coiira<re  and  streii<:tli  was  so  <.ireat  that,  after  he  had  heen 
iiiiirt.iily  wdiindcd  in  the  li/Ldit,  so  as  himself  could  not  stand  ;  yet  catcliiii5» 
Imlil  of  an  I'liiL'lislimaii  that  by  aci-ident  c.inie  near  him,  liad  done  hiiri 
iiiisrliii'f,  if  he  had  not  heen  preseiitly  n;scued  by  one  of  his  lidlows." 
'J'liis  was  on  f2.')  .luly,  l()7(i.  Pitmhdm,  \\\t\\  a  few  liillowers,  had  llir  some 
tiiiii'  secreted  themselves  in  Dcdliam  woods,  where  it  was  supposed  they 
Will'  "almost  starved  for  want  of  victuals."  In  this  sad  condition,  they 
WfK  lallc'i  ujioii  by  the  Kngiish  under  Captain  Hunliiv^,  who  killed  fitleeii 


•  /.  Mithfr,  .10. 

t  Wc  camiot  ag;roo  willi  our  fricii<l  (ii'ii.  Ifn'jt.  lli;it  liicse  fiills  slidiild  he  imincil  Tvi-uer's 
Fi//.*.  nillii)ii;;li  we  once  UioiikIiI  il  well  oiMHi^li.  We  would  rallicr  call  llicai  llie  Massacre 
f'i//v.  IF,  indeed,  their  liidliiu  iiaiiie  caiiiiot  be  recovered.  A  Ipeiiiililiil  view  of  ^hese  cele.- 
Itr.ilcii  I'all.s  is  f;iveii  hy  I'roCessor  Hil.i:hcor/,\  in  llu;  volume  of  jdales  arcom))aiiyiiij;  his 
Gt.'olci;;v  of  iMass. 

t  /.  'M.itlier,  M.  i   lliManl,  Nnr.  V.'.l  \]  Ibid. 

'  Many  of  the  Tndinas  learned  trades  of  the  Kiifjlisli,  and  in  the  wars  liiriied  their  knowi- 
c  1,'C  In  flood  aecouiit.  'I'liey  had  a  lor  fife  in  their  fort  al  Narrajfaiisel.  and  the  Indian  lilack- 
siii  ill  was  i<illed  will  11  dial  wa.s  taken.  The  aiilhor  of  the  /'rrs'iit  Sliili\&:r.  says,  he  wa.s 
ilii' "Illy  111  111  amon(;sl  them  Ihi.t  lilted  their  nuns  and  arrow-iieads  ;  that  amon-j  other  housoi 
tilt')'  Imriil  lis,  demolished  his  (orgc,  and  carried  away  his  tools. 

"  ^i.•'^?li^«   W).  -Uo.  edition. 


mi'$. 


**^?^3*'- 


'!»-"i';  v;^ 


I-    f>§ 

^lii 

,.. .;«', 


im^4-^' 


76 


I'OTOK.— DEATH  OF  PUMHAM. 


[I! 


I'oi; 


and  took  tliirty-five  of  tliein  witliout  resistniu'C.*     Tlicy  foiiiid  lien,.  ,,, 
siderahli!  i»liiiuliT ;  "besides  kettles,  tJien;  was  iiImmU  liulf  a  biislnl  (,.'  ,..^  '' 
puiiilioafr,  wliieli  the  enemy  lost,  and  twelve   i>oiiii(ls  ol"  jiowder,  uiiici,  , 
cnptiveH  say  tliey  had  ree<!ived  ln)ii)  Albany  but  two  days  bet'uie."+     \  ,', 
of  Puinluim  was  ainons'  the  eaptivt's,  "a  vt-ry  likely  youtb  "  tsiiys  Jlulji,,,,-.:' 
" and  Olio  whoso  fountenanee  would  have  bes|M(ko  iiivor  for  him,  l)a,| 
not  belon^^ed  to  so  bloody  and  barbarous  an  Indian  as  iiis  fiither  was.'    i 
woidd   seem   from  this  nnleelinf,'  aceoimt  that  he  was  put  to   dculli. 
J^f«//icr  says  ho  was  carried  jtrisoner  to  JJoston.     IVoiii  tiie  same  aiiilidi,  ! 
must  add  to  the  revolting'  pieture  ol' the  father's  <leath.     "This  I'umlr:. 
alter  he  was  woimded  so  as  that  In;  could  not  stand  njion  his  lejis,  ;iin|  ,4  „ 
thou<,'ht  to  liave  been  dead,  maile  a  shilt,  (as  the  soldiers  wen?  jximiji,, 
otliers,)  to  crawl  a  little  out  of  the  way,  but  was  Ibund  ajjrain,  and  win  1, ;" 
Englishman  drew  neiu*  to  him,  though  he  could  not  stand,  lie  did,  (lii^,  , 
beast,)  in  rage  and  revenge,  get  hold  on  the  soldier's  head,  and  had  lil„.i„ 
have  killed  luni,  had  not  another  come  in  to  his  help,  and  rescued  liim  nm 
of  the  enrage<l  ilying  liands  of  that  Moody  burbariany  \ 

That  it  may  be  seen  how  the  same  story,  recorded  at  the  same  linii, ^ 
the  same  place,  and  by  dirt'erent  individuals,  varies  on  conijtarisoii,  wi'  'S;\(, 
here  the  account  ol'  the  fight  in  which  Pumham  was  slain,  from  an  ai:;l„ii  ju 
tlie  Chronicle;  in  which  it  will  be  observed  that  a  ditferent  date  is  jrivniiu 
the  event.  ''Upon  the  ii?  of  July  it  was,  that  about  20  Indians  wen  «|;i 
aiid  yO  taken  prisoners.  We  had  5  anil  'iO  Knglisii,  and  20  of  our  Inmyl 
friends  in  this  ex})loit.  One  of  these  that  were  slain  was  Pomliam.  .\ih.r 
he  had  received  a  deadly  shot  in  his  back,  he  w  ithdrew  himself  from  |,i, 
men,  (for  tiicy  were  ail  his  relations  and  subjects  that  w  ere  slain  iiml  ub-n 
at  this  time,)  and  tiiought  to  liide  himself  in  a  bushy  hole,  but  was  liiimd  mit 
by  an  Englishman,  who,  as  lie  went  to  apprehend  him,  Ibuiid  that  tlic  >tiii;; 
eacliem  was  unwilling  to  lall  into  the  liands  of  the  English,  for  he  ^javiliim 
a  stunning  blow  with  his  hatchet,  which  he  had  reserved  of  all  his  \M'aii(pns, 
and  perhaps  had  slain  the  Englishman,  but  God  orderetl  it  so  that  liclmda 
sudden  revival,  and  took  courage  and  grapjiled  with  liim,  [PHmlim,]m\ 
threw  iiim  under  liini,  and  others  coming  in  to  his  assistance,  PHHi/i(;«Mvas 
8oon  desiiatched.  There  was  aluiut  £20  of  Indian  money  found  in  tiuir 
baskets,"  which  the  English  gave  to  tlieir  Indian  friends,  and  their  ^\m<.  tlipv 
took  to  themsclvcH. 

A  short  time  before  this,  a  grandsoii  of  this  chief  was  killed  by ;-.  ]innv 
under  Denison,  §  "  who  was  also  u  sachem,  i-nd  another  sachem  calkil 
Cfrckon." 

POTOK,  a  NaiTagansct  chief,  we  may  projieiiy,  in  tlie  next  jilace,  notice. 
None  of  his  acts  in  P/iiVi'y;'*  war  are  recorded,  at  least  none  have  (.oiiie'o 
our  knowledge,  but  they  itoiild  not  have  been  iiiconsideral;le,  in  the  (i|iiiiiiiii 
of  his  enemies,  as  his  life  atoned  for  them.  We  lind  liiin  lirst  iiicutioiiiil, 
on  account  of  hi?:  opposition  to  the  introduction  of  Christianity  intu  liis 
nation.  When,  in  tin;  beginning  of  Philin's  war,  the  English  army  iikiitW 
into  the  Narragansct  country,  to  treat  or  nght  with  that  nation,  as  they  miL'lit 
be  Ibund  inclined,  Potok  appeared  as  the  principal  chief.  In  tlio  trcity 
which  was  concluded  at  that  time,  a  condition  was  urged  by  him,  "that tlie 
English  should  not  send  any  among  them  to  jireach  tlie  gospel  or  (^all  ii|»in 
them  to  jiray  to  God."  IJut  the  English  would  not  admit  such  an  aitiili'; 
but  if  an  article  of  this  character  had  been  urged  on  the  other  liaiid,  we 
doubt  whether  there  would  liavc^  been  any  objection  urged  by  tlu;  Indians. 
On  this  policy  of  the  English  Roller  ff  iltiams  should  be  heard,  as,  at  ilii? 
day  even,  we  need  no  better  coininentary  on  the  matter  in  hand.  It  is  luu- 
taincd  in  a  letter  ||  to  the  governor  of  iMassnchu.setts,  and  is  as  follows:- 
"At  my  last  dejiarture  for  England,  I  was  iinjiortuned  by  y^'  Nanaiiaii*! 
suchems,  and  esptu'ially  by  Mnccunnt,  to  present  their  petition  to  the  lii^'li 

*  MS.  Narrative  of  Ruv.  T.  Cobhet.  f  Mather's  Brief  Hist,  13, 

t  Narraiivp,  ut  supra. 

fe  Many  \m iic  lhnni\im,  but  his  own  signature,  in  my  possession,  is  as  in  tiie  lc.\l. 
i  lu  MS.  Ualod  I'rovidente.  5:8:  KiM. 


■  '»•     >t.-    Ill     ; 

loI'llifSaleiM  men, 
iidi.ii's,  creeping  im< 
pninijar,  a  commai 


STONE-WALL-JOIIN.— OLIVERS  JOURNAL. 


lioiu  till  ir  r»'lij;i(iii  ;  nnd, 
l'"<»r  tlicv  said  llicv  wcio 


p    v.]  STUIM">>VAIiL-JUIIi\.— Ul.lVKIlS    JUlJKI>Ali.  77 

ln.„igof  Eiifeduiul,  tliiit  tliny  iiiiglit  not  Ix;  iorcfd 
^riiot  cliaiifriiiK  tlu-ir  icliuioii,  lio  iiiviidiMl  l)y  war. 
1  ilv  vi!*itt'd  with  tlireutniiii^s  l»y  liidiaiis,  that  caiiic  Iniiii  aiioiit  ihc  iMassa- 
i'liVlts ;  tiiat  if  thi-y  would  not  pray,  they  siioidd  he  dcstroyrd  hy  war." 
Villi  iiiriiiiit '"  ^''i^'  •'*"'""  l«'ti«'i':  "Arc  not  all  tiic  Kiijriish  of  this  land,  (;;riicr- 
jL.  I  „  liciscriitt'd  pcoplt;  from  their  native  soil-'  nnd  hath  not  the  (iod  ol* 
I'n'Jc  iiiul  l-'atiier  of  mercies  nia<le  the  native."-'  nion;  Iriendlyin  this  than  our 
"live  loiaitrymen  in  our  own  land  to  uh?  have  they  not  entered  leagues  of 
imi,  iiiitl  to  this  (lay  continued  peaceal)l(!  conunerce  with  us  r"  are  not  oiu* 
liiiulics  f-'roWM  uj)  in  peace  anion;ist  them  I'  Lpon  which  I  liumhly  ask  how 
ii  (Jill  .-iuit  with  Christian  inpienuiiy,  to  take  hohl  of  tsome  seeniinjf  occasiuna 
tur tliiir  lU'struction." 

WViur  aide  to  fix  the  jilaco  ol  liis  residence  in  the  vicinity  of  Point  .Fiidith. 
]„ (lie  year  JiKil, /"o/oA,  with  several  other  chiels,  complained  to  the  court 
01  Ma8sui:lins(^tts,  that  ".SVojiwc/  IVildhow,  mii\  others  ol'his  compaiiie,"  claimed 
uiii-ilii'ti""  at  J'oint  Judith,  in  their  country,  and  lauds  adjacent.  'I'hey  (-amo 
liiijiiiil  pofsessed  themselves  forcihiy,  hriujiiiuir  their  caitle  and  other  eHi'CIs 
witli  tliciu.*  What  order  th(!  court  took  upon  it  does  not  appear.  Alioiit 
lilt'  tliise  (if  PliiUji's  war,  Polok  came  voluntarily  to  Kliode  Jsi.md,  no  doiiht 
Willi  tlu!  view  ol' makinjf  friends  a^'ain  with  his  enemies;  hut  was  sent  to 
r,iwt(iM,  where,  after  answering  all  their  in(iuiries,  he  was  put  to  death  with- 
out CflTIIKII'V. 

]t  is  related  hy  an  author  in  th(^  O/.n  I.NniAN  ("iikomc.i.k,  that  Polok  was 
captiirctl  hy  the  forces  inider  Major  Talroi,  in  June,  l()7(i,  at  or  near  the 
kaiiif  tiiiiL' A'/oHe-Lrti/c'"-^o/'"  ^as.  In  cl()sin<r  his  account  of  the  capture  of 
Mn  lie  adtl.s,  "J^ikewise  Po/«cAe,  tli(!  jrreat  Indian  counsellor,  a  man  con- 
fiilci'iiiir  his  education  of  wonderful  suhtlety,  was  brought  jirisoner  into 
KIkkIcL^IuikI." 

Jii  the  iiccouiit  carried  to  London  hy  Cujifuin  More,  mentioned  in  the  last 
clmptiM,  is  this  notice  of  Po/oA; — "'J'herc  is  one  /^o/hcA",  a  mischievous  Kn- 
ciiie.iiiHiaCoun.sellour,  taken  formerly,  said  to  he  in  Goal  at  Rhode  Island,  is 
now  sent  te  JJoston,  and  there  shot  to  death."  f 

ill  tlio  detail  of  the  great  N'arraganset  expedition  of  1(175,  we  have  omitted 
to  iiotii'c  u  hy-no-nieans-unim|)ortanT  Indian  captain. 

Slom-wall-Joltn,  Slone-lmjer-John,  and  sometimes  simjdy  Slone-wall,  were 
b:iiiii'.-  I>v  which  his  English  friends  knew  him,  and  we  have  not  discovered 
wliiil  WIS  his  Jjidian  name.  One  writer  of  his  tiiiK-  observes  that  he  was 
ciillcil  the  Slone-l<t)fer,  "for  that,  being  nn  active,  ingeniotis  fellow,  he  had 
hniiil  the  mason's  tra(l(%  and  was  of  gn.'at  use  to  the  Indians  in  building 
tliiir  tints  &*'•"  llenc(>  we  may  hazard  but  little  in  the  conjecture  that  Ikj 
wiistlip  cliief  engineer  in  the  erection  of  the  great  Narraganset  tint,  which 
liasliccn  described  in  the  liteof /*//i7j/>.  Although  but  little  is  known  of  him, 
liewas  (loiihtless  one  of  the  most  distinguished  Narraganset  captains. 

The  tirst  notice  of  Slouc-liijirr-Jolin,  which  we  now  remember,  is  con- 
tniiiid  ill  a  letter  of  Captain  (Hivtr,\  which  he  wrcte  while  on  his  march 
niilitlie  English  army  to  attack  the  f()rt,  which  we  have  just  mentioned.  He 
Siivs " Dec.  l.")  ca[nie  \n]  John  a  rogue,  will i  a  pretence  of  peac(>,  nnd  was 
diMiiisscd  with  [this]  errand:  That  we  might  s|)eak  with  sachems.  That 
eviiiiiiir,  lie  not  being  gone  a  (prirter  of  an  hour,  his  company,  that  lay  hid 
bchiml  a  hill  of  our  (inariers,  killed  two  i^aleni  men,  and  wounded  a  third 
vitliiii  a  mil(!  of  us,  that  he  is  dead.  And  at  a  house  three  miles  off,  where 
1  liiii!  ten  men,  they  killed  two  of  them.  Instantly  Capt.  Moschi-  ".lyself 
and  dipt.  Ganlncr  were  sent  to  H<tch  in  Major  ./lpplrton\'i  company,  that 
Kft  three  miles  and  a  half  of^"  and  coming,  they  lay  behind  a  stone  wall, 
lliiltiivd  on  us  in  sight  of  the  garrison,  we  killed  t!ie  captain  that  killed  oiio 
|ol' till' Siilein  men,  and  had  his  cap."  Mr.  Huhbard  says,  "Aiinv  desperate 
iili;iiis,  creeping  under  a  stoii(!-wall,  fir(-d  twenty  or  thirty  guns  at  Mosfli/  in 
iiiticiiiiir,  a  commander  well  known  amongst  them,  but  tiie  rest  of  the  com- 


*  MS.  Sl;ile  Papers. 

t  Old  hidiaii  Cliroiiicle.  11L 

i  In  tii:iniiscript.    See  an  account  of  it  in  a  note  to  the  life  of  Philip. 


■s.V  ■  •  Vi,, 


^  .i^n 


■ 


r 


^''1%A 


I  m'4 

*         1      %^ »  ■ 


*^m 


P    /;    . 


>)  J 


••1  *       f     *  1 11 


78 


STONE-WAr.I.-JOIIN.— PROVIDKNCE,  Stc.  BURNT.        [H 


"ui;  li; 

nnny  ninniii;,' 'lowii  upon  tliftn,  killed  (»iiu  of  tliciii  aiid  ^icaltrnd  tlir  i,,., - 
riiiis  (lid  tilt!  wonts  Ihiiii  the  iiiiiiii  ImhIv  ol"  ilic  Indians,  nndcr  sncli  cniiiin, 
U8  tlio  Slonr-liiiiir,  aiHioy  tin-  lln^disli  in  llicir  march  into  tiicir  couiitiv,  j, !. 
nicdialrly  aCli'i- llicsi!  Hkinnisiirs,  "tlicy  \nm\l  Jirri/  Itttirs'^  'ioiihc,  mnl  |;iii,'i 
Htivcntiini  (|)t:i>ons.]  f  Dim-.  I(i,  came  that  ncvss.  Di-c  17,  canii'  iim\mj 
C-'onMccticnt  litrcfs  were  at  I'ctaiinaniM-iit ;  killed  loin*  Indians  iin.l  ;i,.,i, ,,,, 
jirisoners.  'J'liat  dav  wo  sold  Ca|)t.  JJavinport  17  Indians,  vonii^  und  iii,i  |, 
JtfiO  in  money."  { 

How  mncli  John  had  t(t  do  in  the  devastations  which  had  heoii  |irr|Kii;v,i 
till!  |in'\ioMs  season,  is  nnknown,  hnt  we  are  told  that  he  hml  i,ii  ^{,,;^ 
ajrency  in  "  ihe  sackiiifX  ol'  l'ro\id(;ni"e,"^  and  UeLoholli  al.-e,  wiilmut  li,,,,  , 
lij  tiie  rormii' iiliMiit  ;{()  honsrs  j|  were  bnnietl,  and  in  tin;  latter  iijiicr -i,. 
upon  10"  houses  and  :{()  harns. 

Sloiic-iritll-Jolin  was  donhtless  one  who  conversed  with  the  iScverdnl  ^|, 
jnitium.i  at  the  time  I'rovidonce  was  hnrned.  The  snlistance  ol'iliat  nnwi-. 
pation  is  related  hy  onr  anonymous  author,  already  cited,  in  these  \\(iii|<;_ 
"  I5ni  ind>  I'd  th«;  reason  thct  \\u'  inhahitants  ot"  the  towns  o|'  SincDiii,  |.,  ;,| 
I'rov  ill  iico  j^iiierally  escapi'd  with  their  li\es,  is  not  to  he  attriliiitcil  tn  ;,m, 
fompassioii  or  f;ood  naturt;  ofihe  Indians,  (whose  very  mercies  are  inlnciii,!. 
crni'ities,)  lint,  [the  anthor  soon  comr.idicts  himseli;  as  will  lie  seen,]  immim 
(jod's  |>roviili:nco  to  their  own  priidenci!  in  avoiding;  their  Inry,  whnuli,, 
fonnd  theinselves  too  weid<,  and  imahU;  to  nsisl  it,  l»y  a  timely  lliul,;  mV 
Kliode  Island,  which  now  hecaine  the  connnon  Zo(fr,  or  place  of  ii  I'li:;!  i 
the  di-;.e:sed  ;  yt!t  some  remainijd  till  their  comin;;  to  destroy  th(>  s.iiil  iin\i|,; 
0.  m  parlii'idur  Mr.  llUlinms  at  Providence^  who,  knowing;  sevenil  m' ;i; 
rhief  Indians  that  came  to  tire  that  town,  discoursed  wiili  them  a  (oiisiilir. 
ahle  time,  who  jiretended,  their  jrreatest  tpiarrel  was  apiinst  I'liinoiiili;  i.int 
as  for  what  tiiey  allempted  against  the  otlmr  colonies,  they  were  coiisiiiiu  .j 
to  it,  hy  the  sjioil  that  was  done  them  at  i\arrai;anset.*i  They  told  Lini, !!,• 
wlien  Capt.  Pierce  enirajfod  them  near  Mr.  litack.il  oiic^h,  they  wi  re  Iimiiij 
lor  I'limonth.  Thoy  jrloried  much  in  their  su(!cess,  promising,' tin  iiis(Ki>!iir 
coiKfiiest  ot'the  whole  conntry,  and  rootinir  out  of  all  the  Kniflisli.  Mr,  lli]. 
Hams  reproved  their  coididiince,  minded  them  of  their  crimllies,  mkI  iiil 
them,  that  the  Hay,  vi/.  Jiostoii,  coidd  yet  spare  l(),(J()0  men;  ami,  if  ii,.. 
should  destroy  all  them,  yet  it  was  not  to  lie  donhted,  but  oin-  kiiii;  uniil; 
send  as  many  every  year  from  Old  l''n;i;land,  ratlmr  than  tiiey  sIkhiM  mw- 
the  country.**  They  answiired  proudly,  tluii  they  should  Ix;  ready  Hiiihnii, 
or  to  that  effect,  hut  told  Air.  ffiliiams  that  he  was  a  jjood  iriaii,  luiil  liudUto 
kind  to  tiiem  formerly,  and  thurcdbru  they  would  not  hurt  him." 

This  agnu'S  well  with  Mr.  Huhhanl's  account  of  the  carriaire  of  John  iitiiie 
time  he  wont  to  tin;  English  army  to  talk  about  jmmic*',  already  iiiciitini.  ,|, 
His  words  are,  -yet  could  the  messenirer,  [Jo/ui,]  hardly  forbear  flirciinii!., 
vaporing  of  tlieir  numbers  and  strength,  adding,  withal,  that  the  Ij,;:1.m 
durst  not  fight  them." 

Wo  have  now  to  close  the  career  of  this  Indian  cn))tain,  for  whirli  ii  n- 
quires  but  a  word,  as  bo  was  killed  on  the  'i  July,  l()7t>,  at  the  saiiu!  liiiic  \k 
old  siiuaw-sacliem  (^uaiapen  and  most  ol'  her  people  were  liillen  iipun  k 
Major  Talcot,  as  wo  have  related  in  a  Ibrmtir  chapter. 

IMany  Indians  boro  the  name  of  John,  but  when  they  wore  any  Wii\s  (i- 
8l)icn()us,  some;  distinguishing    prefix  or    affix  was  generally  added,  us  «i>  1 
Lav(!  seim  in  several  instances  in  tho  preceding  chapters.     We  have  aliead) 


*  Jerah  was  ])rolial)ly  ills  name. 

t   'iVii  iiiou  ami  live  women  and  children.     IltMard,  50.     "About  II."    I.  .)/j("r,)}.  | 
"  Eiglitocii,  men,  women  and  eliiUireu."  Chronicle,  4<J. 

X  ('a|iiain  Olivers  MS.  letter. 

6  Oi  1)  Indian  Chkoniclk,  98. 

11  The  Iniil(liii)?  conlainiiif"'  the  records  of  R.  I.  was  consumo<l  rit  this  lime,  aiid  pari  of 'i I 
conlenls.     i^ome   of  them  were  saved   t>y  lieiii;;;'  thrown  out   of  a  window   iiitn  ^(lnl(■«Vl^I 
Theylu'iir  to  this  lime  the  marks  of  their  immersion. — Oral  informalion  of  A'.  A'.  >'(.■;,■ 
Esq.  of  I'rovidence. 

TI  \m\  who  couhi  ask  for  a  hclter  reason  ? 

**  This  was  rather  {rasconatlinjf  for  so  reverend  a  man  !     Had  he  lived  since  the  rcvoli- 1 
tiouary  war,  he  would  hardly  have  meant  so,  whatever  he  might  have  said. 


liuiiiscripi  among-  l 


MATooNA.s.— RXF,ri;ri:i)  at  liosro.v. 


10 


il'c  ot"  one  Sitsi-amon-John,  Imt  uiiollicr  (if  timt  iiaiiic,  8till  luoro 
,.,,iiH|miii)iis  (ItT  liis  tnwliery  lo  liis  tiwii  nation,)  licro  prtsfnts  liimsilf. 
Thi-i  SiVj^niiwrc-Johii  was  a  Ni(iniiil<  saclnMn,  and  a  traitor  to  iiis  coinitrv. 
ji„  tl„. -j/tli  of  July,  l»l7(i,  «lonl)tlt'ss  Inini  «  conviction  of  ilic  lio|iclr.-.-nrsH 
ot'liin  cause,  lio  ••anic  to  Uosion,  aiitl  liircw  liinisrli' on  the  nicfcy  ol' the 
Kii-'lisli.  'I'lH'y  i)iinlt»ii»'<l  liiiii,  Its  lie  enticed  alony;  with  liiiu  alioiit  \^() 
otjicrs.  Ami,  tliat  he  niifflit  have  ii  stroni.'er  (  laiin  on  their  clemency,  ho 
jM'i/iMl  .lirt'oo/UM, and  his  s»»n,  ajjiunst  whom  he  knew  the  llnfilish  to  he  <rreat- 
Iv  ciirajrcd,  and  delivered  them  ii|i  at  the  same  time.  On  death's  hein^r  im- 
iii(ili:itcly  iissi;i;ned  as  the  lot  ol' .l/(//r>o;i*M,  Sitiriiiiton-Joliii  re(|nestcd  tiiat  he 
Illicit  execute  him  with  his  own  hands.     'I'o  render  still  more  horrid  this 

j.,,irvo!'  hlooil,  his  rei|nest  was  (.'ranted;  and  he  took  Muhionitu  into  tl om- 

niiiii,  Ixiiind  liiin  to  a  tree,  and  there  "shot  him  to  death."  To  the  ahove  Dr. 
^/„|/ot- adds,*  "Thus  did  the  Lord  retaliate  npon  inm  the  innuceut  hlood 
wiiiclt  lie  had  shed ;  ns  he  had  done,  so  (Jod  rcMinited  him." 

Altliii"!,'''  •""•■''  l"'*l  '"'I'"  idle^'ed  a^'ain^t  Jiilm,  lielon;  In;  cam(!  in, 
wwl?' the  most  favorahle  coiiistna-tion  was  |iiit  n|ion  ins  conduct.  Mr 
(„,;.,/ says, he  ''alHrmed  that  he  had  n(ner  intended  any  mischicj"  to  th( 
|i<|i  at  Hi-ooklield.  the  last  year,  (near  which  viliai,'(!  it  seems  his  place 
liiittliat  Vhibp,  comini,'  over  nij,dit  amon>;st  them,  lie  was  lorced,  lt)r  tear  ol' 
liisowa  lilt',  to  join  with  them  afjainst  the  Kn;flisii."t 

MATOUNAS  was  also  a  Nipnnik  ehiet!  A  son  of  iiis  was  said  to  have 
niimli'icil  an  Kiif^lishman  in  1(171,  when  "truveliiii!:  alontr  the  road,"uhicli 
Mr.  Hubbard  says  was  "out  of  men;  malice  and  spite,"  hecausc;  he  was  "  vexed 
ill  Iiis  aiiiid  that  tlu;  desi>,Mi  a^'ainst  the  l'ji<;lisii,  im  'iided  to  hefiin  in  that 
voar,  iliti  ""t  '"k<-'  place."  This  sou  ol"  Miiloonas  was  lian^red,  and  afterwarda 
iHliwulcd,  and  his  head  sot  u|)on  u  pohr,  where  it  was  to  In;  seiin  six  years 
altii,  The  iianic  of  the  murdered  I'lnjjrlislunaii  was  Zwliwy  Smith,  a  youn^r 
mall,  who,  as  he  was  passiii<(  tlirouf;h  Dedham,  in  the  moi'itli  of  April,  put 
ii[)  i.\  the  house  of  Mr,  Caleb  Church.  Ahout  liidf  an  hour  aller  he  was 
jTom, the  next  inorninj.',  three  Indians  jiassed  the  same  way;  who,  as  they 
passed  liy  Churches  lionsc,  behaved  in  a  very  insolent  maimer.  They  had 
itpcn  ('iii|iloyed  as  laborers  in  J)orcliester,  and  said  they  belonged  t(»  Philip; 
tliivlpll  their  masters  imdera  suspicions  i»reteuce.  Tin;  body  of  the  murdered 
iimli  «ay  soon  alter  found  near  \Uv  saw-mill  in  j)e(lhain,  and  these  Indians 
were  a|i|)reliended,  and  one  put  to  dtuith,  as  is  stated  above.  | 

Mr.  Hubbard  sitpposcs  that  the  father,  "an  old  malicious  villain,"  bore  "an 
oiil  i.'niiiii;o  against  them,"  on  the  account  of  the  execution  of  Ins  son.  And 
llii'iiist  mischief  that  was  done  in  Massiiobusettscolojiy  was  charged  to  him; 
wliiili  was  the  killing  of  four  or  five  j)c'rsous  at  Meudon,  u.  town  u|)on  I'aw- 
tiickit  River ;  and,  says /.  .Vai/ier,  "  had  we  rtme)i(/«/ our  ways  us  we  should 
have  (loiic,  this  misery  would  have  been  prevented."  § 

Wlieii  Maloonas  was  brought  before  th(!  coimcil  of  Massacluisctts,  he 
"ooiilt'ssed  that  he  had  rightly  deserved  death,  and  could  exi)ect  no  other." 
"He  liad  ollen  seemed  to  favor  the  praying  Indians,  and  tin;  Cliristiun  redi- 
friiiii,  hut,  like  Simon  Mcu^us,  by  his  ailer  practice,  discovered  quickly  that  he 
liiul  110  part  nor  i)ortion  in  that  matter."  || 

Tlie  following  is  the  statement  of  this  affair  in  the  Oi.n  LNniANCnnoMCLE. 

Mn  "declared  himself  sorry  that  lie  bud  Ibught  against  the  English,  and 

proiiiiKHi  to  give  some  testimonial  to  them  soon  of  his  fidelity ;  and  at  his 

iiliirii  now  with  his  men,  women  and  children,  be  brought  down,  botmd  with 

I  fi)rils,ol(l  MaUoomis  and  bis  son  prisoners.   This  Malloonus'  eldest  son  bad  been 

I  iricil  at  Boston,  and  executed,  5  or  (!  years  ago,  for  an  execrable  unirder  by  him 

j  coiiiiiiitted  on  a  young  maid  II  of  the  English  ncur  Woburn,  and  his  head  was 

•  Hrirf  History  of  the  War,  ■«. 

I  N.irraiive,  101.  Ito  I'diiioii.  If  (his  be  true,  Philip  lind  ilio  chief  direrlion  in  the  ambushing 
[of  IhikhitiwH  and  Wheeler  al  W  ckabau<;,  as  relaicd  in  tlie  life  of  Philip  ,  but  in  our  opiuioii 
[tol  much  credit  should  be  given  to  any  thiiiir  coniintf  from  a  traitor. 

state  of  Massaclnisclts. 


be  given  to  any  thiiiii  coming  from  a  traitor 
the  files  in  the  ortice  of  the  secretary  of  the 


Miiiiiiscript  among _.  .    .         _  _      _ 

fi  Brief  Hi>t.  5.  II   IhMard,  101. 

I  li  This  anilior  is  evidently  in  error  nboul  the  Woburn  munlcr.  Dr.  1.  Mallur  s.iys,  Rela- 
Jlion,  75,  "  Some  few  private  murlhers  there  have  been,  as  namely  those  at  Nantucket,  and 
Itbat  by  Matooruis  his  son,  and  that  al  Woburu."    No  other  particulars  are  given  by  Mather; 


It/:S^J^':>*^ 


f-->im 


! 

1 

m 

^B 

80 


NE'ITS— MONOCO— MrilDHRS  AT  SUDmiriV 


fiiHt.nrd  to  a  poll-  nl  one  nul  dt'tlir  jl'.iIIuus.     'J'liis  old  Mdlloonus'  ll.tli,).     ■ 
iriv.'ii  it  nut  that  lie  would  hfiivciip-d  ol'iis  lor  ITih  mhi's  dcatli,  wliicli  (oinu 
llic  know  U'(\yt'  oC  til,,  couiiiil,  lie  was  sent  lor  and  «'\aiiiiii(d  alionl  it ;  mid  |i;.| 
dciiii  (I  if,  and  tlicrc  not   iMiii^;  Hiitruicnt  ividtiicc  of  it,  he  was  (iis|,j„|' 
liHviiiir  oidv  roiiti'sscrl  tiiis,  that  runsiiliriiii!  thr  tlttilli  (if  liln  mil.  In  J'otiiid  I 
hritrl  so  hl.'S  lu,l  within  him,  hiil  that  hi  rc.vilird  to  nhidc  a  Jiiitliful  Jrimil  U,  //' 
I'htirli.ih,  and  .so  that  acciiNation  ended.     J{ut  aller  haehein  Phili]i  liml  I,,,,,,,' 
IiIh  iinn-derM  in   I'linioiith  eulony,  lliin  Havap'  ln>t  a|>|)eared  an  eneiay  to'. 
lual  slew  the  two  liiMt  mm  that  were  killed  within  tin;  limits  o(  i, in"  c,,],,,"' 
ftu  wi:,  at  .Meiidhain)  and  in  that  ernel   and  ontra^reoiiN  altenipl  at  (^a:,l>i,i 
this  old    MiitttKiiiiiK  was  the   |)rinei|ial   rin^dea«ier.      Jieinf^  now   hnni'lii 
prisoner  to  Koston,  he  was  liy  the  eonneil  the  same  day,  \'it<  ,\\\\\,\  ail|ii"|^,, 
to  he  shot  to  death,  which  Was  executed  in  Koston  common,  hy  three  Indiin^ 
His  head  was  cut  oil'  and  |)liu-ed  upon  ii  ptde  on  the  jrallows,  opposji,.  t„  |^ 
HoiiV  that   was  there  formerly  hanjfcd.     Jlis  son,  hroiight  rloiig  wit],  in 
remains  still  a  prisoner." 

While  .W(//o(;;irM  heloiisred  to  tlir  Cliristiim  IndianH,  Jiis  rosidei  c  «(,>;■ 
I'akachooL'.  Hi're  he  wiis  made  constahle  of  the  town.*  On  joinin^r  \^^  ,i^| 
war,  he  led  parlies  which  conunitted  several  depredatiotis.  lie  jdiac,]  i| . 
limiii  hody  of  the  iNipmiiks  in  the  winter  of  I(i7'),  when  Jamis  ({uiiiuiiii,li,i 
was  anion,','  thi-m  as  a  spy,  who  saw  hitn  arrive  there  with  a  train  of  tuluu 
rrs,  and  take  tiie  lead  in  the  war  dances,  f  Jioiihtle.ss  l{uaua/iohit\i  cvidci, 
drew  forth  the  conli'ssiona  which  lit;  ukuU;,  uiul  uddcd  to  thu  Kt'Vi'rit\  ex,;. 
cised  at  his  execution.  | 

A  Nipmuk  captain  we  will  in  the  next  place  notice,  who  makes  a  jiiidilii 
inroad  upon  tlut  frontier  of  Muusuchuuetts,  and  who  as  Hiidduilv  u,- 
iij)pe.irH. 

K  K'J'l^S,  (m  the  1  FebriiaiT,  I<)7(),  with  al>ont  Id /'oIlowerH,  altnckulilie 
hoii.se  of  one  Thomas  Karnes,  \  or  .'i  miles  lieyond  ftjiidlniry,  and  took  liisi.nil  l,|. 
Bon's  families  ))risoners.  'I'liey  then  destrojed  every  tiiin;;  upon  his  liiru,, 
burnt  lip  liiH  house;  and  his  harns  with  the  catth;  ai.d  corn  in  tlicni.  uul 
withdrew  hoyoiid  the  reach  of  the  Kn^rlish,  hh  Totosonhtu\  done  at  IaI  |ii\,r. 
When  this  onset  was  made,  Eamts  himself  was  alisent  at  Ho.ston  in  luin.iv 
ammunition.  In  all,  sevens^  iiersons  were  killed  or  fell  into  the  hiiiKlsdHLiii 
party  of  Indians.  About  three;  luontliN  afterward.s,  one  of  llie  chiidn  n  i.ikni 
at  this  time  esca|)ed,  and  alter  wanderiiif,'  ;{0  miles  alone  throujih  the  \\M,[. 
iiess,  under  extreme  siiHerinus,  arriM'd  anionj;  the  llnjflish  setllciiitiits.  (ii. 
the  "27  Marcii  (idlr)W  inp,  J\'rliis  was  killed  near  Marlborou}.di,  by  u  imm  ^ 
En>.'lisli  under  Lieutenant  Jacolts,  with  almut  40  others.|| 
We  have  yet  to  notice  a  diwtiiifruished  Nipmuk  sachem,  cidiiid 
MONOCO  by  his  countrymen,  but,  by  tin;  llnjilish,  ficneraliy,  0 


lu-nihi- 


John;  HH  thou^di  delicient  in  the  orjians  of  vision,  which   pridjahly  «;>  in 
case.     He  wa<,  says  an  early  Mrilcr,  "a  notablt;  hdlow,"  who,  wlan  /Vn/i', 
war  bejraii,  lived   near  liaiicasti f,  and   conseejiiently  was  aniiiiiiiiiMl  wnii 
every  |»art  of  the  town,  which  kiiowiedp'  he  improsed  to  his    ilviiiitiiii. i.i, 
two  occasions,  in  that  war.     On  Sjimday,  '22  Anguist,  l(i7o,  a  niuii,  his  \\\k 


but  FfiMaril,  v.i  the  preface  to  liis  Narrative,  edilioa  of  1('>77.  says,  "  a  miirliiiT  was  rommiiied 
at  Fiirmiiiijion,  anoiluT  nl  Wolmrn,  l>y  soaie  hidiuas  in  llicli  liriiiikea  liuiiiors  ujioii  a  i.iaJ 
servaiil  or  two,  wiio  dfiiicd  llicin  drink.' 

*   SliaUiirk'sU\s\.  Concord,  .i I.  t   1  Coll.  Ma.>!s.  Ifist.  for.  \\.'iti'. 

i  'I'lie  Mpinuks  were  at  tins  limn  riiiclly  under  five  siiriicnis,  wliicli,  Mr. /iV'/'iDd -w 
were  "  liiur  too  manv  to  jrovcrn  so  sinall  a  i>('o|do."  'I'lic  !an;o  aullior  savs,  '•  'i'ln  Ni|i« 
were  nnder  llii'  roiinniuid  of  die  sarliem  <i('  Nloual  Hope,"  uliicli  I'ai'l  is  vcrllicd  liv  iiiiimrij 
passages  of  our  liistory.  Tiic  names  (d'llie  iive  principal  saclieins  were  MoNocii,  Jhl  i.iMf. 
•Shoshanim,  Matdonas,  and  Sagamoki^  John. 

§  According:  lo  llie  Cotlon  .MSiS.  se\ '  ii  were  killed  and  two  cliildren  nni.v  taken.   Tiii«nfTP« 
■with  our  C^HKONMCI.K,  77,  where  il  is  said  "  lliey  killed  sexen  people  in  a  liarharou"  luaiiiier, 
and  carrie(l  some  awav  caplive."     Unl'/iurd.  HI  and  'I'alde,  says  luiiiies'  wile  was  killtil.W'i  ] 
his  son's  wife  died  the  next  day,  Iml  says  nollniiff  of  liie  ninid)ef  killed  or  taken. 

II  Com|)are  Hnblmnl.  7'J  anil  lit.— This  was  the  alVair  which  lie  says  «as  (Umc  "wlifii-l 
^va^  so  dark  that  an  bidian  coiiM  hardly  lie  discenuil  from  a  heller  man."  See  IS'im.  I"> 
Chap.  II.  On  21  Sept.  lollowinj;,  three" Indiaus  were  Imaged  as  coiiceraed  in  llie  inurdcrol 
Eanits'a  faniih  , 


oiiiiV  (i. till  1 
i\  liit'li  I'liiiuii 
lit  it ;  aiiilli.  \., 
NMlS  »li-ii,i-  . 

0)1,   In  JUHIhl  , 

/■»/  Jhi  ml  to  II,, 
'liilip  iiiiil  licpii, 
III!  flU'iiiy  til  i;., 
itp«  ol  mil'  ciiliiii, 
iii|it  at  (111!, Inn 
luiw  lirdiiiilii 
(  ,liil\,|  iiiljiiilpi., 
by  tlirt'i'  luiliiiir, 

(ti,  upjldsilr  til  i  |. 

flong  witli  liii., 

rci-iiUtt  "c  WHS  m 
On  jo'iiiiiii:  ill  ilii' 
s.  lit'  jtiiinil  il,' 
Jainvn  ({uiiiuimk 
a  train  of  IhiIhw. 

[Il((/w/li/',1  tviili  ir 
Iho   HL'VlTit)  c.V;. 

0  mak«'i<  n  !^\M:. 

,    u:i     Hll<l(l<  III}    I..V 

)\vt'i'H,  attiickiil  ilic 
iiul  totik  liisiiipll,!- 
illjj   \||)(ill    liis  tin::;. 

corn  ill  >li"iii'  '"'i 

1  doiu' at  I'aI  lli\ir. 

t    lloSlOIl  111  IIIIKI.IV 

ito  tilt'  liaiiilsulll;,* 
tli«>  cliiltlii'ii  liil^ni 
irt)U};li  lilt'  ^^'1''"- 

S(  ttlt'lllfll''^-     "I 

null,  liy  u  imiij ' 

calletl 

Micrally,  Om-'i/i'l- 
,  in-tiltalily  \m:>  'w 
wilt),  ^vlifii  /''li'iy' 
as  at't|imiiiiitl  ^M'Jl 
J,  (,is  .  (lvmitiu'''."ii 
(0,  u  mini,  lii^  vMle 


,uiuri\ii'r«  as  "'"'"'•''*"; 
;ii  Imiuors  iii'iii'  a  '■''" 

,«./fW.  •'''"•■  ^■'■^*' 

l,ors»vs,  "Th^^1«" 
isvlntW(^  liyiii'iu'no 
,;eMoNnt.i,MM.A'" 

(oalvt«kcn.  Tlii-?-;^ 
1  in  a  l'»f""''''":, '"   iLJ  1 


Cm''  ^1 


MONOCO— I'UAVINCi    INDIANS    PKIlsrcUTi:!). 


81 


Hi  iiri' 
\Hit:i 


lilri'ii  <\'"t'  killt'il  at  tjint  plafc.*     At  this  time  tln^  Ilassniianit'rtit 

"'       ir  liiiliaiis  \vi  If  plat-i'tl  al    Al  irlli<>ii»ii:.'li  liy  aiilhoiily.     No  sooiiir  was 

!"^"*    ~  ,  ,|,,,t  a  iiiiii'ilt'i'  was  ciimiiiitiiil  at   LaiicastiT,  tliuii  not  a  li'W  wiTu 

"    tut  to  chariTf  it  ii|>tiu  tlio  llassaiiaiiit'sits.     ('a|ttaiii  MdhiIi/,  wiio  ';•    t  i-nis 

*  '"  atlif  iM'i>:lil><>i'li""''i  *"'"'  '"  'l"'ii*  i|iiart<'rs,  and  Ibiiiul  "imtfli  Hiispicioii 

^^il"  *iflivfn  til"  tlii'Mi,  li>i'  siiiiriiiL'  anil  tlaiifiii!:,  aiitl  haviiijr  liiillit-i  ami  siii;;M, 

''•".  '    ,||  powijir  liiti  ill  tlu'ir  haskfts."     I''i)r  liiis  it[l'rn(r,  tiit^sc  ('lrv<'ii  wcru 

'  "I't'it  |{i>-<t>"  •"'  -^"J-''""'  ""  J^iif^l'ifi'ii".  '"'IkI  tlirri'  Irlitl.    "  Milt  iipon  iiinj,  tlio 

'  "l  iiritioiit'r!*  wi'i'i' »"  "'  tln'iii  acc|iiitliil  ti'uin  tlic  I'art,  ami  wrri'  <'itlii'r  rdiasi'd, 

'    llii'  well",  witli  otiii  rsol"  tliat  I'ort,  M-iit  roilifttiT  siTiirily,  and  liir|irt'v<iitiii;f 

tiimlilc  in  tlif  liki'  kimi,  to  soiiu-  ol"  tlir  islands  lit  low  Uostoii,  tovMirtis 

iki't."'     riltffii    was  tilt!  iiinniifr  lirou^dit  ilown  to  Uostoii,  liiit  tkven 

w  wiTi'  siL-tiii'i'lt'tl  til'  till'  alif^'i'd  oir.iiirc.     Tiic  otiifi's,  anmn;.'  wiioin  were 

"n'n  Smii  ntu[  Joliii  r/ioo,  ut  it  lakfii  iilonjr  ami  iin|irison('tl,  for  no  olIiiT 

'    !(iii  liii'  tlii'ii"  lii'in^'  acfiilfiitally,  in  that  tinif,  at  .Marllioroiij.'h,  or  thf  nimi: 

il  iVni!.' hiiliaiis.     It  ajipt-ars  some  tinit!  hail  tla|tscil  altfr  thf  nnirilcr  was 

''niiiiiiittt't',  hfliirt'  tln'V  wore  sunt  down  Tor  trial,  or  inoit'  prohalily  tlicy  were 

jiti. I'ttl  '"'  I""'""'"  11"""'  lit'ioi't'  liiiiifr  sfiif  to   IKstT  isliuid.       For  Hiiliraini 

'/•i,r,i(riiiiil  lfilli"»i  f^'"f  wfi-c  not  sint  ii|i  to  timi  out  whcrtj  '•  tlioy  all  Wfir," 

ml  what  aiiswrrs  tlit-y  ronld   f.'it   iVoin  ihost"   tiii-y  shoiilil   meet,  until   the 

',  ,,,i,„ii,^f  of  Oftolier ;  at  whit-li  tinie  thesi;  ehveii  liiilians  were  seattiii'tl  in 

viiiMi-^  tiirt'i'tituis,  ahoiit  their  tiaily  caliin;;-.     Ami  all  the  inrorination  Tunur 

"  I  i^Vii/  liamlt'tl  intt)  court  was,  tiiat  they  were  thus  dispersed.     HHImn  and 

Mr  J'i/i)i  lldl-ioii,  wliii  hail  heeii  apjiointed  to  n'side  ainoiii,'  tliose   Indians, 

'\\,'\-c  till'  "Illy  Jiersons  i|iiestioned.     What  steps    tim  court  took   ii|ion  this 

iiiiiniiiutitiii,  Wf  are  imt  informed,  hut  they  wert;  ahont  this  time  sent  to  Deer 

kbiiik  -ill-  -1  .•     1      •        • 

'I'lic  imiiifs  f»l  these  Indians,  coneernm<^  whom  more  purticiilar  impnry 

iiiiiv  li('ri'al\er  he  inailti  l»y  the  hemjvoieiit   antiipiary,  it  i.s  tliou^rht  should 

b,'""ivi'ii;   csiiecially   ud   they   may   iiot  elsewhere   be   jireserved.      They 

()M-)((/iro  and  two  ntmH,J(im(ii-llir-pr!nlci;  Jitmcx  Jlcompamt,  Dtmid  .Muntips, 
Mil  C^miiiiiifoiirl,  Jiilin  .'l.i(iu(iiet,  (ivorj;v  .\'onsc(fU(Stwit,  Thomas  Maiuuxuii- 
OKJ,  iiiiil  Jusrpli  It'atapacoson,  alias  Joseph  Spoomut. 

Mii'ia  trial  of  ffreat  vexation  to  tlitise  innocent  liitlians,  Dnvul,  the  main 
fliliii'«sairaiiist  them,  aekiiowli'ilfrcd  he  hail  perfidiously  jiccnstnl  the-m ;  and 
at  the  s:iiai'  time,  a  ]irisoner  was  broufrht  in,  who  testified  that  ho  /mew  One- 
niitjdliii  hail  ciiiiimitted  the  murder  at  Lancaster,  and  u  short  time  alter 
Biiiiilicr  vas  taken,  who  coiilirmed  his  testiiiiony. 

Tlii'sc  liitlians  broiiiriitall  these  trtiubles  upon  themselves  by  reason  of  their 
ittiiliiiinit  to  the  Kn<.disli.  It  was  in  their  service  that  they  diseovereil  ami 
M|iiiri'il  .Inilreit',  a  hi  other  of'  /hiviil,  wiio,  on  b('in<j  delivered  to  the  soldiery, 
«>sliiit  liy  tiiciii  with  l'en)cit)iis  preci|iitancy.  'rhereitire,  when  tlur  Lancaster 
BiiirJir  liaii|it'iii'il,('aptaiii  J/(w '//,  iiavin^' alrt'acly  siiiiilry  t'liar-rt'S  a.-raiMst />(/i'irf, 
hrlihiii  iiii|iilsitii)n  upon  him  to  make  him  couli-ss  relativi;  to  the  Lancasti^r 
alfiir.  The  ini;tliiid  taken  to  mtde  him  eonfi'ss,  (a<rreeably  to  the  th-sirc 
lOl'liis  iiHiiiisitors,)  was  this:  they  bt)tiiid  him  to  a  tree,  and  levelled  frims  at 
ii'ast.  In  this  .situation,  to  avert  immediate  diMitli,  as  well  as  to  be  re- 
Tiii.''(l  liir  the  death  of  his  brother,  he  jiroeeetled  to  accuse  the  eleven  Indians 

iiiri'  iiaiiied.     For  thus  tiilsely  aeiMisinj,'  his  countrymen,  and  shootinjs  at  a 

\  who  was  lookiiifr  atler  sheep  at  .Marlltorou;.di,  Dttcid  was  condomiuMl  to 

aviry. anil  accordiiifrly  sold,  as  was  one  of  the  eleven  named  fi'uiapacoson. 

lis  last  act  bein;,' entirtily  to  calm  the  clai' nvs  of  the  multitude;  after  he 
ml  'it'tii  once  aciiuitted,  a  new  trial  was  got  up,  and  a  new  jury  for  this 

rtii'iiiiir  ciul.f 

.kinic's  history  is  as  follows:  lit"  had  been  gone  for  some  time  before  the 

ar. nil  a  limiting  voyage  towards  the  lakes;  ami  on  his  return  homeward, 
le  liii  in  among  Philip^s  men  about  Ciuabaog.     'J'liis  was  about  a  month 

I'hc  aliove  is  !\lr.  Ifnhhdrd's  accoiiiil.     Mr.    Willanl,  in  his  excelloiil   history  of  l.aii- 
I  ■'■?,  jives  us  liic  iiiiinus  of  six.  nii'l  says  imj^IiI  wore  kiilcil.     Hal  in  his  ciiniiioralioii  1  toiiul 
i      ;iiiil  (loiiliin  siiys  si'vcii.     t)iir  text  is  aocoriliiig  to  Hubbard,  Nar.  M. 
I  •  Uivkiti,  .Maiiuscript  llisl,  I'rayiiig  liiihaus. 


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WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

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82 


MONOCO.— FIVE  CHIEFS  EXECUTED. 


[Book  III 


bcforf  tilt!  affiiir  at  Lancaster.  The  reason  he  staid  amon"  the  Iiostilc  Indi,;.  ^ 
is  very  olvioiis:  h<;  was  ulraid  to  venture  into  the  vicinity  of  tlie  wliitcsj^.^. 
lliey  siiould  treat  him  as  an  enemy,  lint  as  his  ill  ibrtune  leil  o.it,  lie  iv,,! 
fonnil  in  tiit;  woods,  hy  liis  countrymen  of  Marlhorou^di,  Aviio  conducted  i,;,,^ 
to  (iie  Enidish,  liy  whom  he  was  siiot,  as  we  have  just  rehited,  Tlic  iitj;. 
cer  wiio  presided  over  and  directed  tliis  affair,  wouhJ,  no  douht,  at  am  wl.ir 
time,  iiave  ret-civcid  a  reward  |)roi)ortionate  to  the  malignity  of  tiie  oliln,,. 
Lut  in  this  horrid  storm  of  war,  many  were  suffered  to  transgress  the  Inl 
with  impunity. 

From  one  account  of  this  affair,*  it  wouhl  seem  that  one  of  tlic  Indiiiru 
seized  hy  Mosdji  at  this  time  vvas  actually  executed  ;  "  for,"  says  the  wiiii  1 1,, 
whom  we  reiei',  "the  coiiimonalty  were  so  enraged  against  Mr.  A'/i',,/, ,,;,i 
Caj)t.  Guggins  especially,  that  ('apt.  Guggins  said  on  the  hench,  [lie  In  in^-j 
judge,]  tiiat  he  was  afraiil  to  go  along  the  streets  ;  the  answer  was  niiidr,\iiii 
may  thank  j'ourself;  however  an  order  was  issued  out  I'or  tiie  exi'ciiiioiioi 
that  one  (notorious  above  the  rest)  JLndian,  and  accordingly  he  was  Icil  lnj 
rope  about  his  neck  to  the  gallows.  When  he  came  there,  the  exociitidiim 
(for  there  were  many)  flung  one  end  over  the  i)ost,  and  so  hoisted  liim  m, 
like  a  dog,  three  or  lour  times,  ho  being  yet  half  alive,  and  half  (lend;  \\ri 
came  an  Indian,  a.  Iriend  of  his,  and  witli  his  knife  made  a  hole  in  Jii.s  lin-;.; 
to  Ids  heart,  and  sucked  out  hi;-'  heart-blood.  Being  asked  his  n.'ason  tjiir,. 
for,  his  answer  [was]  UmJi,  Unit  nu,  me  stronger  as  I  was  helbre;  me  l,i «, 
strong  as  me  and  he  too ;  lie  he  ver  strong  man  lore  he  die.  'I'liiis  «iiij 
the  dog-like  death  (good  enough)  of  one  poor  heathen,  was  the  ituopjc  r,:> 
laid,  in  some  measure." 

AV'e  have  yet  to  add  a  word  concerning  Monaco.  When  (^unnapohil  «i« 
out  as  a  spy,  Monaco  kindly  entertained  him,  on  account  of  former  iiii|iiiiiii;- 
ance  not  knowing  his  character.  They  had  served  together  in  tlieir  war- 
against  the  Mohawks.  On  10  Feb.  107(5,  about  GOO  Indians  fell  11)100 
Lancaster,  and,  alter  burning  the  town,  carried  the  inhabitants  into  ciijitivi:;, 
Amoi.g  them  was  the  family  of  Reverend  Rlr.  Rawlandson.  Mrs,  Rn- 
landson,  after  her  redemption,  [)idjlished  an  amusing  account  of  the  atiiiir 
Monaco,  or  Onc-eijed-jolm,  it  is  said,  was  among  the  actors  of  this  tnii'tdv. 
On  13  3Iarch  following,  Groton  was  surprised.  In  this  affair,  tun,  Jok 
Monaco  was  i)rincipal ;  and  on  his  own  word  we  set  him  down  as  the  di  >irtiy- 
er  of  Medfield.  Alter  he  had  burned  Ciroton,  except  one  garri.son  lioii.-i,  lie 
called  to  the  captain  in  it,  imd  told  him  he  would  burn  in  succession  Cluliiiv 
ford.  Concord,  Watertown,  Cambridge,  Charlestown,  Roxbury  ami  IWdl 
He  boasted  nnich  of  the  men  at  his  command ;  said  he  had  4rO  wimioij; 
and  added — "  ff'liat  me  wilt  me  da."  The  rej)ort  of  this  very  nnicli  eiiiaal 
the  English,  and  occasioned  his  being  entitled  a  "  bragadocio  "  hy  the  in  to- 
rian.  At  the  close  of  Philip's  win;  with  others,  he  gave  himself  up  to  .Mnjo- 
Waldron  at  Cochecho;  or,  having  come  in  there,  at  the  recpiest  of  l\kt- 
jethro,  to  make  peace,  was  seized  and  sent  to  IJoston,  where,  in  the  hiiiL'ii;.' 
of  Mr.  i/((66an/,  he,  "  with  a  few  more  bragadocios  like  himself,  Stiirnm"- 
sam,  Old-jethro,  and  the  sachem  of  (iuabaog,  [Mautamp,j]  were  taken  b}  tlie 
English,  and  was  seen,  (not  long  before  the  writing  of  this,)  marching  towapii 
the  gallows,  (through  Boston  streets,  which  he  threatened  to  burn  i:t  liij 
pleasure,)  with  a  halter  ai)out  his  neck,  with  which  he  was  hanged  at  lue 
town's  end.  Sept  2(),  in  this  present  year,  167G."]: 

On  the  24  July,  1G75,  five  of  the  i)rincipal  Nipmiik  sachems  signed  an 
agreement  to  meet  the  governor  of  Massachusetts  to  treat  of  peace  soon  iilii  r, 
but  not  a])pearing  according  to  agreement  Captain  Hutchinson  was  soiit  tut 

*  In  tlie  Indian  Chronici.k,  2r>,  27. 

t  Compare  Hubbard,  35  tind  7.5. — The  same,  ])robal)ly,  called  MatlaKam}tpi\  \\\\'\  ' 
16G.5,  witnessed  the  sale  of  Brooklield,  Mass.,  deeded  al  that  time  by  a  rhief  iinmcd  >'  ' ■ 
toockqiiis.  Mantamp  claimed  an  interest  in  said  lands,  and  received  part  of  the  pay.— K«' 
Mr.  Foot's  Hist.  Br  uikjkld. 

X  This,  so  far  as  'i  goes,  ag-rees  with  an  entry  in  Scwall's  MS.  Diary,  cited  in  Wn/'""; 
Concord,  (ilJ — "  t^(,gamorc  Nkw  goes,   One-eij'd  John,  Maliompe  [Mdiitaiiip]  Sagamore  •  I 
Quabaog.  General  at  Lancaster,  &c.     Jethro  (the  father)  walked  to  the  gallows.    O-''  I 
John  accuses  Sagamore  John  to  have  fired  the  first  gun  al  Quabaog  and  killed  Capt.  i/"'* 

illSOH." 


m 


Chap.  V.] 


STIOSIIANIM.— OLD  JETIIRO. 


83 


to  ascertain  the  cniiso,  niid  was  nmbiislied  hy  tlioin,  ns  we  have  in  the  lifo  of 
j)/,i/iM  related.  At  this  tiiiK',  "  Sam,  saclicin  of  Weshanim,"  aiu'  Nktaump, 
ar ■  |iiiitieiilariy  iiientioncd  as  liaviii^'  l)f'oii  hanpod  at  I5o-Jtoii. 

It  was  reportnd,  (no  (h)iiht  Ity  the  Indians,  to  vex  their  rneniips,)  that  Mrs. 
jliiclnmlson  Utid  married  ;V/oHoro.  "JJnt,"  the  anthor  of  the  J'kksknt  Statk, 
\i',  says,  "it  was  soon  contradicted,"  and,  "  tiiat  she  ap|)cared  and  iieiiaved 
|,!,i!t' ainoiifrst  tlieni  with  so  nincii  courage  and  majestic  ffravity,  tiiat  none 
1  ir<t  (irt'iT  any  violence  to  lier,  bnt  on  the  contrary,  (in  their  rude  manner) 
, riiiiil  to  siiow  iier  griuit  respect." 

Ill  ilio  al)(»ve  (juotation  from  Mr.  Huhhnrd,  we  liave  shown  at  what  time 
5.'vt  nil  "f  the  i\ii)ninck  chieis  were  put  to  death  l)eside  Monaco. 

(l|,|)-JETlIKO  was  littUi  loss  noted,  tliongii  of  (piite  a  (hflenint  character. 
II -Indian  name  was  Tantamom.  lie  was  present  at  the  sah;  of  Concord 
\|  ,->.)  to  tiie  English,  about  which  time  he  lived  at  Natick.  In  1(574,  he  was 
:)i|iiiiiit(d  a  missionary  to  the  Nipmuks  living  at  Weshakim,  («ince  Sterling, 
but  liis  stay  tiiere  wtus  short.*  He  and  his  family  (of  about  12  jiersonsj 
wi  ri' among  those  ordered  to  Deer  Island,  on  the  breaking  out  of  tiie  war 
ilip  next  year.  Their  residence  then  was  at  Nobscut  Hill,  near  Sudbmy 
||;>  spiiit  could  not  brook  the  indignity  otiered  by  those  English  who  were 
..HI  to  ronduct  the  jiraying  Indians  to  lioston,  and  in  the  niglit  he  escaped, 
witii  ail  ills  timiily,  into  his  native  wilds.  His  son  Peter  had  been  so  long 
uiidiT  tin;  instructioii  of  the  English,  that  he  had  become  almost  one  of 
tliHii.  He  deserted  his  father's  cause,  and  was  tlie  means  of  his  i)eing  e.xe- 
niteil  with  the  other  Nipniuk  sachems  already  mentioned.  This  occasioned 
hT.lMulher  to  say  of  him,  "That  abominable  Indian,  Peter-jethro,  l)etrayed 
Us  own  father,  and  other  Indians  of  his  special  acquaintance,  unto  death." 
It  seems  lie  had  been  employed  by  the  English  for  this  puri)ose. 

Alioiit  a  month  before    the   fall  of  Philip,  the  Nipmucks  became  fully 

aware  uf  tiieir  wretched  condition,  who,  on  the  (J  July,  107(3,  sent  an  Indian 

ni'sstufier  to  the  English  with  a  white  flag.     He  came,  says  our  Chronicle, 

Mroin  Snsamore  Sam  of  Nussoway  (a  proud  Salvage,  who  two  months  since 

iiisiiltfd  over  the  English,  and  said,  if  the  English  would  first  beggc;  Peace 

!  of  liiiii,  liewould  li"  tlie'n  haw  Peace,  but  that  he  would  never  ask  it  of 

i  till  in;)  Tills  hulian  was  sent  from  bim  with  Letters,  desiring  Peace  of  ns, 

[  ami  e\|)ressely  |;raying  us  in  th(!  name  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  for  his  sake  to 

i  gr.iiii  it  whoso  holy  name  they  have  so  much  blasphemed.     Thus  doth  the 

iLnil  Jisiisinake  them  to  bow  before  him,  and  to  lick  the  dust.     And  having 

I  niaile  mention  of  his  letter  it  will  not  be  unacceptable  to  transcrilx;  some 

[Cti|Mesut"  the  Letters  sent  by  him,  and  others  on  this  subject,  which  take  as 

follomtli.  The  read,  r  must  bear  with  their  barbarisms,  and  excuse  tlie 
Iciiiissinii  of  some  expressions  in  them,   that  can  hardly  admit  of  good 

[EuL'ii.sll." 


.mMM 


'■■■■ . ' .^M^^^^-ml 


"  The  first  Letter,  July  the  Gth,  167G.t 

"Mr,  John  Leverett,  my  Lord,  Mr.  Wahan,  and  all  the  chief  men  our  Bretli- 
j^ii,  Praying  to  God:  [T/ii's  .1/r.  Waban  is  a  Priuiins;  Indian,  faithful,  and  a 
miirnmonsl  them;  hi/  their  Brethren  nrnifing  to  God,  they  mean  those  of  the  same 
|A'(lif/H.]  We  beseech  you  all  to  help  us  ;  niy  witi,'  she  is  but  one,  but  there 
|l)eiiinre  Prisoners,  Avhich  we  pray  you  keep  well :  Mattamuck  his  wife,  we 
jnireat  you  for  her,  and  not  onely'that  man,  but  it  is  the  Keepiest  of  two  Sa- 
*  HIS  %»!  Sachem  of  tVeshakum,  and  the  Pakastwaif  Sachem. 
■  Ami  that  further  you  will  consider  about  the  making  Peace:  We  have 
ken  to  the  Peo[)le  of  Nashobah  (viz.  Tom  Dubler  and  PeterA  that  we  would 


h; 


Jiie  witii  you,  and  make  a  Covenant  of  Peace  with  you.     We  have  been 
fr^troyed  by  your  Souldiers,  but  still  we  Remember  it  now,  to  sit  still ;  do 

I  |fr.  S/ia»„cFs  Hist.  Concord,  30. 

I  III'  tenor  of  liie  lollowin;j  letters,  is  very  (iiflereiil  from  those  in  April  previous,  wliirh  I 
Bi.Movcreil  111  MS.  and  printed  in  the  former  cdilioiis  of  the  Book  ol  the  Indians.  These 
F"';  iiiuii  unknown  to  inu. 


84 


SIIOSIIANni.— INDIAN   LETTERS. 


[EOOK  III, 


you  considrr  it  npfa'm ;  we  do  earni'stly  entreat  you,  that  it  mav  ]w  m,  i, 

Jesus  Chiid,  O !  let  it  ho  so !  Jlmen,  Amtn.* 
It  was  signed 

Mattamuck,  hisMwh  \. 
Sam  Sachem,  1m  Mark  -i:, 
Simon  Pottoqiam,  Scri't, 

UpPANIPPAQUF.M,  /(),?  —  (■, 

Pakaskokag  his  Mark  >:■;' 

"  Superscribed,^^  "  To  all  Englishmen  and  Indians,  all  of  you  Jiear  Mr.  Wi.lj . 
Mr.  Eliott." 

"  Second  Letter 

« My  Lord,  Mr.  Leveret  at  Boston,  Mr.  Waban,  Mr.  Eliott,  Mr.  Gookin.  rii;  | 
Council,  hear  yea.  I  went  to  Coiuiecticot  about  the  Ca])tive8,  tliat  I  mj..!; 
bring  them  into  your  hands,  and  wlien  we  were  almont  tliere,the  A'hit/maQ 
destroyed  tiiose  Indians :  when  I  heard  it,  I  returned  back  again ;  then  wlin 
I  came  home,  we  were  also  destroyed ;  ailer  we  were  destroy'd,  tiicii  Pi,,],, 
and  Qiianiptm  went  away  into  their  own  Countrey  againe  ;  and  I  knew  iIkv 
were  much  afraid,  because  of  our  offer  to  joyu  with  tiie  English,  and  tlnrp. 
fore  they  went  back  into  their  own  Countrey,  and  I  know  they  will  iiiiik<  u 
Warre;  thcrelbre  because  when  some,  English  wpai  came  to  ns,  i'Ai/i^,;,,,,! 
(^uanapun  sent  to  kill  them  ;  but  I  said,  if  any  kill  tlienj,  I'll  kill  tln'in,; 

Sam  Sachem. 

Written  by  Simon  Boshokum  Scribe."  § 

Tliird  Letter. 

"  For  Mr.  Eliot,  Mr.  Gookin,  and  Mr.  Waban. 

Consider  of  this  I  entreat  you,  consider  of  this  great  businessc  that  i?  Hmt-. 

and  my  wonder  concerning  Phil'p;  but  his  name  is fVewesnumnil 

he  engagetii  all  the  peo|)le  that  were  none  of  his  subjects :  Then  when  hvas 
at  Penakook,  JVumpho  John,  AUine,^\  Sam  JVumpho,  and  others  who  were  iiiiin. 
and  jYumpho  very  much  angry  that  Philip  did  engage  so  many  ])oo|)l('  tn  lii;i,; 
and  JVumplu)  said  it  were  a  very  good  deed  that  1  should  go  and  kill  him  tint 


*  This  surpasseth  any  thills',  '"  supphcatlon,  that  wc  have,  from  the  poor  Indians.  Ttt 
were  truly  sensible  of  their  (leplorable  condition!  Little  to  subsist  upon — tiio  norllimd 
western  wilderness  so  full  of  their  native  enemies,  that  a  retreat  upon  those  iiuii'!'i;-'.'rfi;  ■• 
was  cut  oll^ — all  the  fishing  places  near  and  upon   die   coast   wiit(dicd  bylln.  ■■:.; 

enemy — hence  notiiing'  now  remained  but  to  try  the  ctVect  of  an  otVer  of  unrondiiinml  -j> 
mission! — This  letter,  however,  must  not  be  regarded  as  th(  language  of  the  warrior,;. 
was  the  language  of  the  Christian  Inilians,  in  behalf  of  them  and  tiiemselves. 

t  The  name  of  this  sachem  approaching  nearly  in  sound  to  that  of  the  place  sinco  f-i''; 
Worcester,  of  which  Sas;amore-John  was  chief,  almost  induces  the  lielief  that  he  is  llie^a^^ 
A  sachem  of  liie  name  having  deeded  Worcester  to  the  whiles  in  1lj71  is  additional  pr^ . 
See  the  elaborate  history  of  that  town  by  ^Vm.  Lincoln.  Esq.,  now  m  <  oursc  of  puliliralre 

\  This  letter  will  be  regarded  as  an  admirable  specimen  of  Indian  sentiment,  amiiisiw 
IS  much  enhanced,  as  it  unfolds  truths  of  great  value — truths  that  lay  open  the  silimiio;!:' 
things  at  thic  period  that  will  be  gladly  received.  S-nn  was  a  magnanimous  sachem.  S: 
was  Monoco.  We  doubt  if  any  thing  can  in  :uth  be  brought  against  either,  that  would  r.s 
comport  with  a  warrior  of  their  lime,  but  they  did  not  come  within  the  liniil.s  '•  a  |iarfe 
offered  in  the  Proclamation  !  When  messengers  were  sent  to  treat  with  the  Indians  for  i'. 
redemption  of  prisoners,  to  prevent  the  evil  such  negotiation  was  calculated  to  prcidiiof. id 
which  Philip,  doubtless,  foresaw,  he  ordered  such  to  be  summarily  dealt  wiili.  Qimi'i:  : 
was  suspected  for  a  spy,  and  Philip  had  ordered  him  to  be  killed,  but  Monoco  said,  "["j 
kill  whomsoever  shall  kill  Quannponit."  »Si/io.s/ianm  afterwards  said  tlie  same  when  vi-fJ 
by  Mr.  Hoar  and  Nepanet,  who  were  sent  to  treat  for  the  ransom  of  Mr.  Roirtimilsoiisu3-\ 
ily.  "  If  any  kill  them,  I  will  kill  them,"  that  is,  he  would  kill  the  murderer.  l!ut  ilicsc  i"*' 
ofP.'es  were  forgotten  in  the  days  of  terror  I 

§  The  same  person,  whose  name  to  the  last  letter  is  spelt  Potloqiiam,  and  in  Book  ii.  Ciia; 
vii.,  Bctokam. 

II  This  stands  in  the  MS.  records,  Wewn.ioiramiett.     See  Book  iii.  Chap.  ii. 

TT  There  is  some  error  concerning  th'-  person's  name.     John  U.  Line  moans  the  samep 
son,  I  think,  in  Gookin^s  MS.  history.     '  -'c  Book  ii.  Chap.  vii. ;  an  account  of  several  oiher  I 
here  mentioned  may  there  also  be  found. 


[Book  Hi. 
it  mav  be  so  l.v 


K,  hisMnrh  N, 
M,  his  Mark  '/■. 

TOqiAM,  Scri'rr 

iG  /lis  Mark  •,.' 
lU  /i«ar  iMr.  Walm 


itt,  Mr.  G(joJ-i)i,r!!:l 
i])tivPH,  tlmt  I  iiii::!; 
jre,  tlie  Evs^lish  h,\ 
r  again  •,  then  wiiir. 
stroy'd,  tlicn  PHf: 
! ;  and  I  kwv.  tlm 
En<!;lish,  and  tlicrp- 
if  they  will  iiiiikc  r  I 
110  to  VIS,  P/ii'/i/)  mil! 
I'll  kill  i\mi\.l 
Sam  Sachem. 


.ban, 

isiiicssc  that  i?  Am: 

IVewesnnmni 

s :  Then  when  1  w 

lers  who  weiv  ansn, 

many  i)eoj)l('  tn  lii;ii; 

iro  and  kill  liiniiki 


I  the  poor  liiiliaii*.  Thtv 

pliipon — till"  iiortlicmad 

[on  tliose  Iniii'^Mj-itioiiM 

t.'hcil  by  till.         '-'i:l 

(llL-r  of  iiiiciiiuiilionsi  •j> 

Igiia^i;  of  ll'e  «a"i»'^-'' 

]iiisulvcs.  ,  , 

i  of  llie  place  since  c*  I 

[holiff  that  lie  is  il"" «: 

KHl.  is  additional  \m: 

.n  loiirsoofpublifaW; 

In  sentiment,  anditsva.i'. 

1  lay  open  the  situaiMU'. 

laKiianimous  saclicm.  5)  I 

Viiist  either,  that  wouW  n 

Ii„  tlie  limits    ;•  a  pai» 

i  with  the  Indians  lot  'k  | 

.alculatcd  to  produce.!:! 

dealt  with.    Qf  "f  ■ 
,  but  J/oJiPfsaid.  ■■'"'J, 
li,l  the  same  wlicn  yi-:*' 
)f  Mr.  Rou-lim(lms:i>\ 
uirdcrer.    But  itec  ^al  I 

Ln,  andiuPookiiCiia?! 

li   riiap.  ii.  , 

1/,V  means  the  si^f  I'M 

account  of  several  oiW 


Cii.iP.  ^'l 


SHOSIIANIM.— AMOS. 


85 


to  himself  without  canse :   In  like  manner  1  said  ho  too. 


a|i 


jovned  so  many 

TlVii  liail  von  Ibrmerly  said  ho  at  |ieace,  and  il'  tlio  Coiintnl  had  .sent  word 
II  kill  /'/(i/i/MVC  shoidd  have  done  it:  then  let  ns  clearly  ,><|ieak,  what  yon 
Ij  we  ahull  do.     O  lot  it  bo  .so  speedily,  and  anHwer  ns  elearly. 

J*U.MKA>IL.\, 
Po.V.NAKPLKC.V, 

or,  Jacob  Mutta:maxoog." 

''Tlie  answer  the  Council  made  them,  was,  'That   treacheron.s  i)er,-;on,s 

.jio  l),,^riiii  tilt!  war  and  those  that  have  hetni  harharonsly  hloody,  nitist   not 

pxpi'ot  to  have  their  lives  spared,  hut  others  that  have  been  drawn  into  tlio 

wi'r,  anil  artini;  only  as  Soiildiers  suhniittinjf  to  be  without  arms,  tiiid  to  live 

niiiitlvaiid  peaceably  lor  the  Ihtiin!  shall  hav(^  their  lives  spared.'" 

Siv'nimore  Sam  was  one  of  those  that  sacked  Lancaster,  10  Febrniny, 
liiTii.^  His  hidiaii  name  was  iit  one  time  Shoslianim,  but  in  Pli}l!j)\t  w.tr  it 
.mi'iirs  to  have  been  chanjied  to  Uiiknluhs;un  ;  at  least,  if  lit;  In;  the  same,  it 
iviisji)  sui)Si'rihed  by  Feler-jetliro,  when  the  letter  was  sent  by  the  Indians  to 
tlie  blii"iifili  about  the  exchange  of  iMrs.  Rowlandson  and  others,  as  will  be 
fiiiiml  ill  the  life  of  JVcpantt.  He  was  hanged,  as  has  been  belbre  noted. 
^k'^hmwn  was  successor  to  Mutlhew,  avIio  succeeded  Sliohm. 

TIiIh  liist-nientioned  sachem  is  probably  reli'rred  to  by  the  author  quoted  in 
Mr.  7'Aoroirgoo(/'s  cm-ious  book.  In  the  summiir  of  l(i;V^,  R(!verend  John  Eliot 
iiitriuliMl  to  visit  the  Nashuas,  in  his  evangelical  capacity,  but  under.standing 
tlicrc  WIS  war  iu  that  direction  among  the  Indians,*  delayed  his  journey  f()r  ra 
liiiu'.  The  sachem  of  Nashua,  hearing  of  iMr.  ElioVs  intention,  "took  '^0 
nun, armed  alter  their  manner,"  as  his  guard,  with  many  others,  and  con- 
iluilid  liiin  to  his  country.  And  my  author  adds,  "  this  was  a  long  journey 
into  the  wilderness  of  (iO  miles :  it  proved  very  wet  and  tedious,  .>«>  that  he 
«as  nut  dry  three  or  four  dtiys  together,  night  nor  day."  f  One  of  the  Indiana 
atthistiiiK-  asked  3Ir.  Eliot  wiiy  those  who  prayed  to  (Jod  among  the 
Kii'libh  loved  the  Indians  that  prayed  to  (iod  "  more  than  their  own  breth- 
nn."  The  good  man  seemed  some  at  a  loss  lor  an  answer,  and  waived  the 
fiihjcct  by  several  scriptural  quotations. 

We  iMcIy  ho  incorrect  in  the  supi)osition  that  the  sachem  who  conducted 
Mr.  Eliot  I'll  this  occasion  was  iSholan,  as  perhaps  Passaconaway  would 
f'jit  the  time  as  well. 


'^iiie 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Frimllij  Indians — Captain  Amos — Pursues  Taloson  and  Pcnachason — Escaprs  tho 
fliui^lilrr  at  Pmctuckct — Commands  a  covtpany  in  the  custf.rn  inar — Cai'iain' 
Lii.iiTiooT — II'S  birciccs  iii  Phil'p's  war — In  thr.  eastern  war — Kktte.na.nit — 
His  S'lrrcx — Q,rA.N.NAPOHiT — His  important  services  as  a  spy — Mautamp — 
.Ifcflora— Nkpankt — Employed  to  treat  with  the  enemy — Brinas  letters  from  them — 
l§icU  an  exchange  of  prisoners — Peter  Conwav — Peter  ICpiirai.m. 

AMOS,  commonly  called  Captain  Amos,  was  a  Wampanoag,  whose  residence 
Iwasiilioiit  Ca|)e  Cod,  We  have  no  notice  of  him  initil  PhiUp\<i  Avar,  at  which 
Itiiiic  he  was  entirely  devoted  to  the  service  of  the  I'lnglish.  Alter  the  Plim- 
loiith  i»co])l('  had  foimd  that  Tntoson  Wits  concerned  in  the  destruction  of 
JfW's  frarrison,  they  sought  ihr  soine  friendly  Indians  who  would  under- 
jtakc  to  (li)liver  him  and  his  abettors  into  their  hands.  Captain  Amos  ten- 
|dt're(l  his  services,  and  was  didy  conuiiissioned  to  prosecute  the  enterprise, 

'  I'l  l'i^''',  three  Indians  were  kilieil  between  Quabaog'  iind  Sprin/rficld,  by  otlier  Indians, 
i|i'.'^'"'>^i  >"ar,  live  others  were  killed  abdiit  midway  between  (Inobao^j  and  Lancaster.— 
|ll»i/'im;)'?  Joiirmtl,  ( iSdiY/ne'*'  ed.)     Such  instances  were  coninion  anions  the  Indians. 

!  >!ure  .Vrsrnmenls  to  prove  that  the  Jews  inhabit  now  in  Amerira. — l?y   Thomas  Tliorow- 
V^l  tin.  London,  Ki.W.    Sir  Roger  L' Estrange  answered  this  book  by  another,  entitled 
T^HK  Americans  NO  Jews. 
8 


m 

■I. 

m 

itrJoStH 

'i'^';t-i 

-''^'Mfll 

^r--'% 

imfln 

^i' 

M'.'Ui 

■■nH] 

1 


:'f 


V 


m^:i 


I* 


86 


INDIAN  STRATAfiCMS— IJGHTFOOT. 


[Book  in. 


and  to  takn  into  that  snrvico  any  of  his  friends.  Moatitiuio,  Tntnsnii  hu]  fl,.,] 
to  Fili/al)('tli  Island,  in  coinpaiiy  with  I'lii'iclinsoii,  ainithcr  chief  wlm  u,,, 
also  to  be  taken,  if  ho  ronid  he  found.  'I'liis  /'rnnrlKi.son  was  |troiiah|v  To/r 
Son\i  hrother's  son,  sometimes  called  7'o»i,  who,  if  th((  same.  Was  also  at  tlifi 
destroying;  of  Vl(trk\t  <farrison.  Vet  the  wily  chietJJ  (duded  the  vi^iiJunci'  (,f 
Captain  .Inms,  hy  Hying  from  that  region  into  tiu;  NipmiiUs'  coimtiy,  wlur.. 
they  joined  Philip. 

'i'o  encoin'a<re  fjreater  exertion  on  the  ])art  of  tlio  Iri 'iidiy  IiulianM,, 
execute  tiieir  commission,  it  was  ordered,  that  in  case;  they  eaptiii-cd  ,n,| 
broujrlit  in  eith(>r  Taloson  or  I'enn/.hitson,  "they  may  e.\|)OCt  for  their  icwnnl 
for  each  of  them  four  coats,  and  a  coat  apiece  lor  vvvvy  other  Indian  \y, 
shall  prove  mendiantahle." 

W<!  have  mentioned  in  u  former  chapter  the  horrid  catastni|i||p  i,f 
Captain  Peirsc  and  his  men  at  I'awtiicket.  Captain  Jhnos  esra|it(|  ii,,; 
dreadful  slaughter.  lie  fought  there  with  20  of  his  warriors,  ami  wh,!. 
Captain  Pcirse  was  shot  down  by  a  hall  which  wouiuUm!  him  in  tlic  tln.ii, 
he  stood  by  his  side,  and  defended  him  as  long  as  there  was  a  gleam  if 
hope.  At  length,  seeing  nearly  all  his  fri«!nds  slain,  with  admirable  prcscinY 
of  mind  he  made  his  (.'scaiK',  by  the  following  subtle  stratagem: — 

JV*o>i((7i/e?joo'.?  warriors  had  blackeiMnl  their  faces,  which  Captain  .'?moj|is,| 
observed,  and  by  means  of  |)owder  contrived  to  discolor  his  own  uiidIimh,,! 
by  them.  When  he  had  done  this,  he  managed,  by  a  dextrous  maimiivrp. 
to  pass  among  the;  enemy  for  one  of  thetn,  and  by  these  means  esra|ir'il. 

What  wer.'  Captain  Jhnos\'i  other  acts  in  this  war,  if  any,  we  iiavc  m; 
learned  ;  nor  do  we  meet  again  with  him  until  I68!>.  In  that  year,  iawui 
Avith  Col.  Church  against  the  eastern  Im'ians  and  French,  in  wliicli  cvimii. 
lion  ho  also  had  the  command  of  a  company.  Church  arrived  witli  l^ 
forces  in  Se])t.  at  Casco,  now  Portland,  and,  having  landed  secretly  iiiid' 
cover  of  the  night,  sin-prised,  on  the  following  morning,  about  four  iiiiinln  | 
Indians,  who  had  come  to  destroy  the  jilace.  Although  the  Indians  diiiii,; 
receive  much  damage,  yet,  (Governor  SuUivan  says,*  the  whole  eastern  c  ,ir, 
was  saved  by  the  timely  arrival  of  this  expedition.  In  the  light  at  ('i-ki, 
21  September,  eight  of  the  English  were  killed  and  many  wounded.  'IVoiif 
Captain  Amos's  men  were  badly  wounded,  and  Sam  Moses,  another  fricniiv 
Indian,  was  killed.  There  was  another  Indian  company  in  this  expcilitifi;. 
connnanded  by  Captain  Danir!.  out  of  which  one  man  was  killed,  wlm  m 
of  Yarmouth  on  Cap(^  Cod.f 

LICIITFOOT,  of  the  tribe  of  the  Sogkonates,  distinguished  in  Phiilfi 
war,  was  also  in  the  service  under  Church  at  Casco  ;  a  memorable  e.\|)('iliiinii, 
on  more  than  one  account.  On«!  circumstance  we  will  name,  as  it  well  iii.ii 
proved  the  ruin  of  the  undertaking.  When,  on  the  following  niorniii!.',  aiw 
the  arrival  of  the;  forces,  the  attack  was  begun,  it  was,  to  the  inexpivsMliI* 
snr|)ri«e  of  the  English,  tbniid,  that  the  bullets  were  nnich  larger  tii;iii  liif 
calibre  of  their  guns.  This  was  a  most  extraordinary  and  innu'coiiiitali' 
occurrence,  and  great  blame  Avas  charg(;able  somewhere.  In  this  wrilcimj 
dileimna,  the  fight  having  already  begun  Church  set  some  at  work  iiiakiii'  j 
the  bullets  i'.ito  slugs,  by  which  resort  iie  was  able  to  continue  the  fisiit.  Ii 
being  high  water  at  the  time,  an  estuary  se|)arate(l  tin;  battle-groniid  tiointi;'' 
town.  Tlie  bullets  were  to  be  carried  to  the  army  engaged,  in  buckets,  alw  I 
being  hammered.  When  the  first  recrint  of  slugs  was  mad(!  ii|),  Ciil'%1 
Church  ran  with  it  to  the  water's  edge,  and,  not  caring  to  v(!iitiire  liiiiisill'i) 
wade  across,  called  to  those  on  the  other  side  to  send  someone  to  take  ituvfr 
to  the  army.  None  appeared  but  Lightfoot.  This  Indian  dcxtroiisly  rifiivfi!  j 
the  estuary,  whh  a  quantity  of  powder  upon  his  head,  and  a  "kettle"  nl'W- 
lets  in  each  hand,  and  thus  the  fight  wiis  maintained,  and  the  cncniviiutwl 
flight. 

In  Philip's  war,  LiorhtfooPs  exploits  were  doubtless  very  nuineroiN,  biitt'-nl 
of  them  liave  come  down  to  ns.  Tie  volimteered  to  fight  for  the  Eni'li^luj 
Aioashonk''s  gran  dance  at  Buzz  rd's  Hay.  already  mentioned.  When  Lftf 
eyes  was  taken  at  Cushnet,  in  1()7(1,  Lighl/oot  was  sent  with  him  to  what  ij| 


*  Hist.  District  of  Maine.  102, 


t  MS.  l(;ticr  of  Captain  Basset  of  the  cxpcdiiion. 


[Book  III, 

,  Tntoson  had  flcil 
■r  cliifl'  Willi  Win 
as  itroliiilily  Tnlr,. 
If,  was  also  ill  tlio 
il  tlif  vi^iilaiirc  iif 
is'  country,  \\iiiT» 

fi'.'udly  ludiniis, ti 

lit'V  caiitiiriMl  ;ii„| 

t  lor  tlii'ir  rcuiml, 

other  Indian  tliat 

rid  catastroplic  nf 
hnos  t'sfa|)i'(l  il,,; 
•arriors,  and  wii.i, 
I  iiini  ill  till'  tin:!', 
ro  was  a  irlcinii  i.f 
adiniralile  prcs'iioe 
tajrciii:— 
:i  Captain  ^'Jmo.i  \w\ 
lis  own  iiii(ilisi'r\. ! 
oxtrous  inaniiii\rp. 
inrans  osfapcil. 
f  any,  we  liavc  w; 
I  tliat  year,  y  wn.i 
li,  in  wiiicii  ('V|iiiii- 
ch  arrived  with  lii< 
idei'.  serretly  niidir 
al)out  four  iiiiinlii!] 
the  Indians  iliil  loi 
ifhole  eastern  c     ir. 
1  tlio  li<rlit  at  ('asm, 
?  wounded.    Tmoiii' 
)ses,  anotiier  tii<in,y 
y  in  iliis  exiiciliiiiii!. 
tvas  killed,  wlio  wa 

njrnished  in  Plil!i)'i 
icnioral)le  cxjiediiMii, 
name,  as  it  well  niiii 
owin<?  ninrniiig.alk 
to  tli(!  iiu'xprt'ssible 
nueh  larger  tlian  tiit 
y  and  uiKircoiiiiial« 
■(<.    In  this  wnti'li-^l 
ine  at  work  inakii,; 
>ntiniip  the  tiii'.it.  Il 
ttle-promid  Iroin'ii' 
irrd,  in  hnckets,  al'iP!  I 
iis  inad(!  up,  Colnikl 
to  vijnture  liini*i'lfn 
lueone  to  take  it  over  j 
n  dcxtrouslv  rcpavw! 
nd  a"  kettle"  ot'W 
nd  the  enemy  imttoj 

ry  nnnieroii*,  bittNJ 
It  for  tiie  EnglislMJ 
oned.    When  L* 
with  him  to  what ; 


Basset  of  the  cxpcdr 


not. 


CllAP. 


vi.i 


KATTENANIT.—EASTERN  WAU. 


87 


ow culled  Pahnrys  hlamt,  near  the  mouth  of  Cuslinet  River,  where  he  hel 
I'„,  in  iniard  until  In;  could  lie  salidv  eondiieted  to  IMimoiith.     Ahoiit  tli 


Id 

,mi'  .Ikkoinpoiii  was  killed,  and  I'hiliji\s  witi;  and  ,■^011  were  taken.  Church 
,rni'  liiiii  a  captain's  e.)niiuission,  after  which  he  i..ade  several  successful 
"\iH'ililiiiiis. — 'We  now  [lass  to  characters  hitherto  less  known,  though  perhaps 

!.I  iiiei-''  interest.  ....  ,  ,      r  ■      ,. 

Vtiv  little  was  known  01  certain  "'uportant  characters  aiiion<!;  the  iruMidly 
Ills  ot' Massac husetts,  which  should  have  by  no  int:ans  Ihtii  overlooktjd, 
the    discovery    of    Mr.    Gouk!>i^s   manuscript    history    of  tlie    prayi 


liiiiii 
iiiiti 


liiiliaiis,  not  long  since,  and  to  which  W(!  have  often  relirred  already.     We 
shall,  therefore,  devote  tlie  rtMiiaiiider  of  the  present  chapter  to  their  history. 


JUl5  KATTENANIT  seems  tirst  to  demand  attention, 
liiiliaii,  and  lived  sometime  at  iNatick,  hut  was  at  one 


lie  was  a  (Christian 
time  a  preacher  at 
Mai'iiiikog,  and  belonged  originally,  w<!  hilieve,  to  Hassanamesit.  However 
ihanimv  have  been,  it  is  certain  he  lived  th(U'<!  in  the  heginiiing  ni'  PhUii)'s 
wai.  "lii'ii  that  chief's  men  nuuh;  a  descent  upon  the  |)lace,  with  the  intention 
111' raiTvinff  awaytlio.se  Christian  Ijidiaiis  prisoners.  Job  made  his  escape 
Irniii  tlii'in  at  this  time,  and  came  in  to  the  English  at  i^I  ■ndoii.  He  had  still 
ihre.' rhililren  in  the  enemy's  Iniiids,  and  he  was  willing  to  run  any  venture 
tiui'lt'iise  them.  He  th(!ruli)re  applied  l<ir  and  obtained  a  ])ass,  assuring  bin: 
•ali'tv,  provided  that,  in  his  return,  he  should  tidl  into  the  bands  of  the  Kng- 
li,>h  sroiits.  ik'sid  s  liberating  bis  children,  considerabK;  hopes  were  enter- 
tain'il,  tliat  lie  might  b(!  (Miabled  to  liirnish  inHirmation  of  the  enemy.  It 
imliirtmiately  ha|)pened,  that,  bel'on;  he  bad  ]tassed  ihe  li-ontie'r,  he  iell  in 
with  some  I'luglish  soldiers,  who  tr.'ated  him  as  a  |iiisoner,  and  an  enemy, 
pviii  taking  trom  him  his  clothes  and  gun,  s  uiliiig  him  to  the  governor  of 
liusiuii;  "wl.  >,  more  to  satisfy  the  el.imois  of  the  jieople  than  for  any  offeiico 
(■nininittod,"  assigned  him  to  the  common  jail,  where  lu^  siifl'.'red  exceedingly; 
hiiiisi'lf  and  many  others  being  crowded  into  a  narrow  and  filthy  place.  Af- 
liTalioiit  three  weeks,  he  was  taken  out  .'iml  sent  to  I)  er  Island.  The  cliim- 
orsot'thi'  people  were  indeed  high  at  this  time,  and  many  aceusi'd  M.jor 
Goo/i-m,  who  gave  him  the  pass,  of  being  guilty  ol"  furnishing  the  enemy  with 
iDtf'ili^'pJiPC. 

Alter  the  Narragaiiset  fight,  1!)  December,  1G75,  the  English  were  very 
anxious  to  gain  inlbrmation  relative  to  the  po.sition  of  the  enemy,  and  accord- 
iiinlv  instructed  Major  Gookin  to  use  liis  endeavors  to  em])loy  some  Iriendly 
Julian  spies;  who, aller  considerable  negotiation  among  those  at  Deer  Isbinil, 
ciiirat'cd  Job  again,  and  James  Quannapolit,  alias  Qiianapaiis^.  Their  reward 
iv,.s  to  i)e/i'e  pounds  apiece  !  They  departed  upon  this  service  before  day, 
llip  :lOth  of  Decendjer,  and,  during  their  mission,  behaved  with  great  pru- 
dciipr,  and  brought  valuable  intbrnmtioii  to  the  English  on  their  return;  but 
wliicli,  from  intestine  bickerings  among  the  English,  turned  to  small 
aocoimt. 

James  Q!tan?irt/?o/u7  returned  24tli  of  January  following,  nearly  worn  out  and 
tiiiiiished ;  having  travelled  about  80  miles  in  that  cold  season,  upon  snow- 
.sliDcs,  the  snow  being  very  deep.  The  inlbrmation  which  he  gave  was  wiit- 
li'ii  down  by  Major  Gookin.*  Among  other  matters,  he  stated  that  the  ene- 
my had  taken  up  their  quarters  in  ditiereiit  places,  probably  near  Scattacook ; 
and  iiiaiiy  others,  including  the  Ni})muks,  about  Menumcsse.  The  Narra- 
I'ansiits  had  not  yet  joined  Philip  openly,  but  while  James  and  Job  were  among 
the  Xipimiks,  messengers  arrived  ii-oni  Narragaiiset  which  gavti  them  much 
joy,  for  they  expressed  an  ardent  desire  to  join  them  and  Philip  in  proseciit- 
iii!.' the  war.  They  said  their  loss  in  the  great  swamp  tight  was  small.  In 
tince  weeks,  James  learned,  they  would  assault  Lancaster,  which  accordingly 
rame  to  |)ass,  upon  the  very  day  which  he  said  they  intended  it.  Ilo 
learned  and  thus  divulged  their  plans  to  a  great  extent.  A  circumstance  now 
ocviiired  which  obliged  him  to  make  his  cscajie,  which  was  this:  He  found  a 
fiii'iul  and  protector  in  Mautamp,\  one  of  the  Nipmuk  chiefs,  who,  it  seems, 


*  The  same  published  iu  Coll  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  1.  vl.  205—208. 

f  Tiie  same,  probably,  called  Nctaunq),  who  was  afterwards  executed  at  Boston,  at  the 
same  lime  wilh  Haganwre-sam.    See  Hubbard,  35. 


mi 


■. '  ,.■  ..'•;''i',- I'.f.u 


wmmp 

i'   ■■■   '■    ¥^vi'A 


■■■'  -^t^'^^^t 

(■■    •  ,  '■■  W 

.■'<:•■■  ^f  "i? ' 
•■'•4  ■'^'  , 


88 


KATTENANIT. 


[Book  Ii; 


intended  slinrtly  to  visit  Plnlij) :  miiiI  insisted  tliat   QumuutpdhH  flioiild  ,,,.. 
(•<»;n|(!iny  iiini,  find  it  was  with  nu  sinidl   dillicnity  lie  was  alih'   to  iln,!,.  ,|,, 
vifriiant  eye  (if  Mnithiiiiii,  and  inai\e  liis  eseajM',  wiiicli,  Imuever,  wax  cfilii,,! 
only  iiy   a  cininiiifr  slralny:eni,  as  (ijIIows:— lie  told  .Mdvtdin/i  \\\!\i  \„.  i,;,| 
loufrlit  iiL'ainst  Philiii  in  the  ('(iinniencenient  ofthi'  \sar,aiid  that  Phillpltiiv. 
LiiM,  and  that,  unless  he  eonid  iin  to  him  \\itli  some  im|i()rtaiit  tm|iliy,  /'/,;; 
wonld  not  lielieve  him,  and  uoidd  immediately  kill  him.     And  njurm^ 
TukitinwiHin  had  inivalidy  told  him  that  Pliiliji  had  i:iven  out  wdid  ijuit  ,ir. 
tain    prayinfjT  Indians  shoidd   he  soii;;ht  utter,  and,  if  |)(tssilili',  >ei/.i(|  ;,,,| 
bronjrhi  to  iiim;  (or  he  wanted  to  |)Ht  them  to  dr.ith  in  a  crnel  maiiuir,  uni; 
IiIh  own  hands,  and   that  /ic  was  one  of  them,     lie   therefore   told  .!/«»/» 
that  he  would  ^r(),  in  tin;   first  jdaee,  and  kill   some   Knfrlish,  and   tiikc  in, i 
Leads   ulon^r   with   him,   and  tiien    he  should  consider  liimsell'  siili',    T;  . 
bt.'in;:  consented  to,  lie  lost  no  time  in  n^tracinj,'  liin  stejjs  to  the  fmiitlci.  ,• 
the  Kurdish. 

lit!  mentions  JMoiioo.  or  One-ci/ed-jolDt,  as  a  jrreat  captain  amon;r  the  n.,. 
my,  who  also  treated  him  k-ndly,  and  entertained  him  in  iiis  wij.'Viini  iliini.- 
his  stay  there;  they  hein^'  old  ac(|uaintani'e,  having'  st'rved  toiretliei-  in  t!  ;, 
wui-s  ajrainstthe  IMohawks,  ten  >e.irs  lieliire.* 

And  Jiere  also  Mr.  (lookin  jrivi's  a  favorahle  a-count  oi".l/o/ioco.  Pl;ilijj\.' 
ordered  that  the  persons  j'.hove  named  shoidd  he  hroufrht  to  him,  il' i,iki!i 
alive,  "tlint  he  mi^ht  put  tlu  in  to  some  tornientinii  death,  whirlt  hml  hiihri, 
boon  prevented  hy  th"  care  and  kiiu'iiess  of  a  frreat  captain  ainiii:<r  tli,;;. 
named  John-ifilli-oni-rijc,  lieloniriiiff  to  i\ashna,f  \\lio  had  civilly  tniiicil  mi: 
protected  Jitmts,  and  ontortainoil  Jiini  at  his  uigwam,  all  the  tiini' oilis 
bein<x  tiiore."  J: 

Job  was  i-ei|ueste(l  to  come  away  with  f^uannimhit,  hut  saw  no  \\!\\  iif 
gottiufi  away  his  children,  whici'  was  a  main  ohject  with  him.  He  kinH, 
too,  that  James  could  ^'ive  all  the  iid()rmation  they  hoth  jmssessed  at  iliSi 

ftoriod,  and  not  consitlering  himself  in  imminent   rlntignr,  preferrcil  to  turn 
oiig«!r. 

At  Wanoxit,  or  Manexit,  they  fell  in  with  srven  Indians,  who  tudk  tlun 
and  oonvoyoil  them  ahout  twenty  miles,  across  ti:e  path  leadiiifr  to  Coiiiiiii. 
cut,  northward  iWtm  Quahaoj'.  Thes(;  were  some  of  the  (iiialim^its  iii:! 
Segiuiesits.  At  this  j>lac«!  wore  three  towns  which  contained  j  lioiit  ijdj 
warriors  well  armed.  Mere  they  wore  threatened  with  death,  their  iiii>siiiii 
being  truly  guessed.  Ihit  going  to  th»!  wigwam  <jf  One-e;/eil-john,  "  Sairaiiiore 
of  Nashua,"  ov  Monaco,  \h'  charged  his  gun  and  said,  "I  will  kill  ^ln'iii-  j 
soever  shall  kill  (^uaiutpohit.''^ §  rtoino  said  ho  had  killed  one  of  Wi/J! 
counsellors  II  at  Mount  Jloito,  and  Philip  had  hired  some  to  k'll  liim;  M^i 
James  Speen,  ^Indrew  Pitimij,  Captain  Hunter,  Thomas  Quanapohit,  ami  /V't 
Ephruim.  On  being  order(!(l  to  visit  Philip,  '■^  Job  and  he  pretended  to  ^niiii 
a  huiiling,  killed  three  dear  quickly,  and  j)erceiving  the/  were  (loi.'!:('(l  In 
some  other  Indians,  w out  over  a  ])ond  and  lay  in  u  swun']»  till  heforc  day, «! ' 
when  they  had  ])rayed  together  he  ran  away."  Job  was  to  return  to  i! 
enemy,  and  tell  them  that  James  ran  away  because  they  had  threatcncil  (i 
kill  him.  Job,  not  being  jiarticulurly  ohnoxiotis  to  them,  coiicliideil  n 
remain  longer  for  the  end  of  ransouiing  his  children,  as  we  l.'ave  said,  il' 
returned  to  the  English  in  the  night  of  the  9th  of  February,  and  siid.  ;; 
James  had  before,  tliat  on  the  next  day  Lancaster  would  be  attacked,  t'cr  he 
knew  about  fbiu'  hundred  of  the  enemy  were  already  on  their  nianli,  iuni  it 
so  resulted.  He  further  informed  the  English,  that  the  enemj  would  simrliy 
attack  Medfield,  Groton,  Marlborough,  and  other  places,  and  that  the  .\ar- 
ragansets  had  joined  Philip  and  the  Ni[)muks. 

While  James  was  there,  "a  Narruganset  brought  to  them  one  Englislilitaii: 
they  allot  at  him,  and  said  the  Narrugausets  were  the  English  frieiult  all'i^ 


*  Of  this  war  we  have  ffivcn  an  arrount  in  Book  II.  ciiap.  III. 

f  Called  sas^amoro  of  Nashua,  in  liic  Cotton  maimscripls. 

i  Hist.  Praying  Indians.  J  C(  Uou  Manuscript 

II  Ivjferring' probably,  lo  Thebe.    See  Book  III.  chap.  II. 


■  ."l 

I! 


[DddK  IK 

ullll  (-11111111!  hi: 
1'  to  fllllir  ll  !■ 
IT,  WHS  rll'i  iM.  ' 
Hjt  lilill    lie    !;,; 

lilt  /'/ii7i/)  kill  ' 

it  ll(i]>li\.  I'lilJ: 
Ami  iii'ivi  mi  , 

t  WOnl  llllll  ri  r. 
lllif,    H'i/.Cll   „Im| 

I'l  nmiiiii'i',  uiii; 

e    tditl  .Wrtl((«;'|; 

I  jiiui  take  tliiir 
sell"  sHli'.  Tl.h 
till-  Iroiiticis  nl 

OlllOllfr  tlic  (I;.- 

I  wiixviiiii  (liirii ; 
loirt'tlii'i-  ill  tl,';; 

noco.  Phjljpbil 
to  liilii,  it'  l:iki!i 
ifhirli  had  /lil'.nlj 
aiii  aiiiiii'.<.'  tliia. 
■iviUy  iri'iili'il  iiiii! 
I  tlic  time  ol'  Lis 

t.  saw  no  wi'.y  "f 

1  liiui.    Ill'  I'll™' 

iMisst'ssctl  at  tlii.l 

lircl'cn'L'il  to  turn 

IS,  wlio  tdiik  ihin; 
•,n\\\\\l  to  Ciiiiii'iii- 
ic  UiKiliiii>it>  ar.il 
iitnint'tl  i:l"iut  '-^ 
Icatli,  tlieir  iiii>-i"i' 

I  will  kill  \\li""- 
.(I  one  of  P/iil|'! 
R  to  k'll  liiiii-'-" 
^napohii,  aiid  /'•'" 
[n-etfii(li-'*l  to  ;:i'  "Hi 
were  (lo,ii!.'<'^l  ^ 
I  till  belbrt-  day.  w ', 
lis  to  ri'turii  II'  i: 
had  tlin'atciiiil  i' 
i,e,„,   coiirltuW'" 
Iwo  l;avc  said.   H' 
.■uarv,  and  f^i'i^''  f 
be  atlai'kcd,  Iit  !* 
Itlipir  niarcli,  ami '. 
leur.  would  A\M: 
;,aud  thultheNiit- 

..oneEngli^lili'f- 
tlish  Iriendt  all  ^^ 


O  '.tou  Manuscripii- 


CB*f.  VI.] 


KATTKTAN'IT. 


tuminrr.    Afterwards  two  iricHHci.ffiTS    rniin!    with    twt;l\c  liciuis,  craving 
(iiiir  assistant  ■,  tlioy  tlifii  arccptc  d  tlniii."  * 

1{  liiH'  lit'  I'll  tli<'  t'luiiiy,  hi'  a|i|ioiiit<'(l  a  iilace  ol'  saflty  for  his  children, 
;u,il  siiMilrv  others  of  his  li-iends,  captured  at  Hassananiesit,  xiinre  lie  wonid 
uliiiwards  imet  and  conduct  thrm  to  tlie  Ihi;,dish.  lie  tiierefore  |»etitioni  d 
till'  cdiiiicil  for  liheriy  to  iiieet  them,  which  was  ^'ranted.  Hnt  lie  now  liad 
iiiu  ilitliculiies  to  encounter,  owin;;  to  "the  rnde  teiii|»ir  of  those  tin. i.-;,"  as 
,,ii,.  di' ilie  wis!' men  of  that  a^'t-  express'd  il.  f  Alihonjrii  hoth  tlies  •  men 
had  aiijiii't'd  ihemsrivi's  to  tlii;  entire  .satisfaction  of  the  authorities  who 
x'lit  tlii'in  fordi,  yet  the  |M)|iidacc  accused  them  uf  j,nvinf,'  iid()rmation  to  th(( 
iiiniiv.  niid  diat  lliey  were  seen  tiy  tlieir  advi.sers,  or  else  they  iiad  not 
r mnii  il  in  sati'ty  ;  to  a|i|»ea.sc  which  they  were  confined  ajiain  to  the  island. 
Tlli:*^||  iiiterltTed  witli  the  time  set  hy  Joh  to  meet  his  ciiihhcn  and  friends, 
tliiit  :.'mit  siitli'iiiiirs  ovrrtook  them,  as  well  as  himself;  and  he  knew  not 
tli,.l  cwr  lie  shoidd  have  an  opportmnly  to  see  his  children  a^xain.  Ihii  it 
iiiucli  sodiier  liapi' 'tied,  no  doii!)t,  than  he  ex|ieetrd.  iilthoii>.di  in  an  indii'ect 
Wiiu  Al'oni  tie-  tnn"  lit;  was  sent  to  the  island,  a  vote  |»assed  in  the  ;.'encrul 
rmiri  of  .'.lassachnsetts,  t(»  rai.so  an  army  of  i-'w  hundred  men,  ami  Major 
Thumnx  S(tvn<lfW'i!^  apiilied  to,  to  eoiuhict  th(Mn  in  tiie  war.  He  refused, 
niilts^  lie  riiiild  h;i\e  some  o|'  the  friendly  Indi.ii.s  from  the;  island  f<)r  assist- 
niiiN  OaamciS'  L'er  hi'inj:  sent  amoiiir  tliem,  six  of  ilieir  |trinci|ial  and 
\n\vA  men  \«l'  red   in   lh.it  servii-e,  amoni.^  whom   was  Job  Kiillctimiit. 

Tlicuniiy  inii-rchi  ahont  the  hrst  of  March,  l(»7."),  ().  S.  Hut  wheii  at  Marl- 
iKiriMiL'ii,  Jiiit  f;')t  liberty  of  Afajor  Siiviiirc  and  Major-<reneral  IJennisnn,  to 
alti'iii|it  tiie  fni.hn^'  of  hi.s  frienils  and  children,  whom  he  had  a|)|iointed  to 
iiKftiirarllassaiiainesit.  W'iieii  it  was  known  to  ('a|ttiiin  Mosili/,  lie  behaved 
liiiiisilt'  very  inii)ecominf;  towards  tin;  cominandin<f  otFicer,  ami  nothing;  but 
Ills  |i(i|iiilanty  with  tlu;  army  saved  his  reputation.  Indeed,  his  conduct 
sciiis  i|nit' as  repreliejiHilile  as  that  of  a  more  modern  Indian  hunter  in  tlio 
FInridas,  wliicli  all  friends  of  humanity  joineil  to  comleirui.  .Vo.w///,  it 
appeal s,  would  place  no  confidence  in  any  Indian,  and  doubtless  tiioiifrht  he 
was  aitiiiL' for  the  best  intiM'ests  of  the  country.  IIi'  iirf:<'d  that  it  was  a 
iiios!  iiapiilitic  measure  to  sulli;r  any  Indian  to  <io  away  at  this  time,  knowing 
tliiir  natural  treach(;rousness ;  and  he  doiilited  not  but  Job  (altlioiigh  a  tried 
tniiid)  would  infonu  tlu!  enemy  of  the  approacii  of  the  army,  which  would 
fnisiiati'ull  their  (h.'signs.  The  groat  asccMidency  wliicfi  this  officer  held  in 
tlic  army  can  best  be  under.stood  by  a  simple'  statement  of  the  fact,  that  Major 
Snmse  and  dfeneral  Dennison  were  obliged  to  send  after  Job  before  the 
fiildii'iT  would  cease  their  clamors,  ('aptain  fWuhicorlh  and  Captain  Sijll, 
aviiiiipaiiied  by  James  (^ii/tnnnp.'tliit,  went  in  pursuit  witli  the  utmost  sjieed. 
Rut  ila y  (lid  not  overtake;  him,  and  la;  soon  icturned  to  the  army  without 
liiiMiiijr  Ills   friends;   they,  from   fe.ir  of  discovery,   having   changed   their 

I  III: tliu  tiiiii-  having  bi^eii  much  longer  than  was  set,  and  their  consequeut 

[ eiiti'niiL^s  were  indescriljable. 

\Vi'  shall  only  add  hen;  concerning  them,  that  tliey  afterwards  fell  into 
tlic  liaiiils  of  a  party  of  English,  who  treated  them  in  a  savage  manner, 
pkiiii,'  every  thing  from  them.  Ihit  when  they  wore  brought  to  Major 
mtn'se,  11')  treat(!(l  them  kindly,  and  had  them  sent  to  lioston,  all  except  four, 
jvlin  ran  away  fi-oin  Marlborough,  where  they  stopped  for  tlie  night,  fiom 
jtlii' ti'ar  ofheiiig  inurdenMl,  some;  of  tlie  people  so  abused  and  insult<'d  tlietn. 
jAlfliit  two  iiioiths  ath-r  that,  they  were  fbimd  and  brought  in  ny  JVipanet 
jFiiially.  Jo!i  recov(!ro(l  all  his  children,  and,  marrying  again,  lived  happily. 
|lli<  w;t(;  was  one  of  those;  whom  he  hfid  managed  to  deliver  out  of  the 
llaiuls  of  tlie  enemy  at  such  iiazard  and  pains.  She  had,  during  their  wan- 
iriiijis,  nursed  and  kejit  alive  his  childrt.'ii,  one,  especially,  which  was  very 

JOIIML'. 

\\lii'ii  the  Ilassanamcsits  went  off  with  the  enemy,  Jamen  Quannapohil 
p  i>  111  the  neighborhood  with  tin;  English  forces.  Captain  Syll  seiit  out  a 
Itnut,  and  James  and  Elizer  Pegin  accompanied.     Seven  of  the  enemy  were 

*  Ciiiii).|  Maiiusoripis. 

t  .Major  Diiiii.-l  (Joo/cin,  wiio  wa-i  at  least  a  hundred  years  in  advance  of  that  age. 

8* 


■.'p 


^^^'^fa 


00 


KMBAHSY  TO  THE  NIPMI  <KS. 


[IlooK  Ilf 


li 


soon  (liscovcrt'd,  one  of  wlioiii   was  li'iidin;;  an   I'".nf;lisli   iMisoinr,    '||„^ 
iliscovcrcd  the  llii^'lisli  scout,  and  llrd.     Jdmix  and  I'ltliir  |iniMircl  iImm,,  ,„■ 
rri'ovcrcd  ilic  |irisonrr,  wIiosk  nainr  uas  ('lin.ilnjiliir  .Minliiii,  w  I      Im,!  '|„., 
taktri  iVoin  Mai  lli(nonj.di.     Janus  also  took  one  ol"  tin'  ciuniN's  l'iiiin' 

'I'lic  I'ln^^lisli  liavin-:.  hy  means  of  spies,  as  in  llii'  preeedin^;-  life  wc  |i;n,, 
stated,  learned  the  stale  ol' l'eelin<r  arnon;:  tlieir  eiieniie.s,  lilt  llicinvl,, 
l>repared,  as  llie  spring'  of  I(l7(i  advanced,  to  make  overtures  to  iIkm,  ijf 
peace,  or  an  oxeliaiifre  of  prisoners,  or  liotli,  as  they  nii;:ht  he  tiiinid  iiiiljinL 

'I'oM  Np.pankt  was  fixed  upon  as  plenipoti'Utiary  in  this  hu.-iness.  .\|„| 
altlioii^rh  nnjusily  sutferiiiff  with  many  of  his  hrethren  upon  a  hlmk  j,!;,,,.' 
in  Uo>ion  liarhor,  consented,  at  the  imminent  risk  of  his  liti,  to  pnindl:, 
meet  the  Indians  in  the  western  wilderness,  in  the  service,  aiul  I'm-  ;,, 
benefit,  of  those  who  had  caused  his  sidferinjfs. 

AV/wHf/  set  out, :{  April,  1(I7(!,  to  make  overtures  to  the  enemy  tiirilni.. 
lease  of  |)risoners,  esfiei-ially  the  family  (»f  Mr.  Itowlmidson,  which  wiMij,kMi 
at  Lancaster,  ret miied  on  the  1*2  following,  with  a  written  answer  fnnini 
cwiwy,  st\\\\\<:,^^U')Houf';ii'e  answer  hif  this  otic  iiutn,  hiil  if  i/ou  liki  /•(// (//m,,. 
seal  one  more  mitn  hvsidvs  this  one  Tom  Nepani'f,  and  send  with  nil  Inn  \„,,rt^ 
anil  with  all  i/i)itr  viind  Itif  two  men;  because  you  know  and  we  know  jidurL,:,-', 
frrtat  sormuful  with  erifinu;  for  your  lost  many  many  hundred  man  itml  nil  \i,,i, 
house  and  all  your  land  and  woman  child  and  cuttle  as  all  your  thin^  tlinip, 
have  lost  and  on  your  backside  stand. 

Signed  by    Sam,  Sachem, 
KuT<iUEN,  and 
UuANOHiT,  Sai!;wmres. 
Peter  Jethro,  scribo. 

At  tho  same  time,  and  I  conclude  in  tlie  same  letter,  tliry  wmti' iifiw 
words  to  others,  as  follows:  "Mr.  Kowlandson,  T/our  imfeand  allmtrMlii 
well  hut  one  dye.  Your  sister  is  well  and  her 'i  child.  John  Kitteli,  i/onn/ri 
and  all  your  child  is  all  well,  and  all  them  prisoners  taken  at  Xashua  is  d 
well. 

Mr.  Rowlandson,  se  your  loving  sister  his  Imnd  Q  Ilanali. 
.find  old  Kettel  loif  his  hand.  -\- 

Brother  Rowlandson,  pray  send  thre  pound  of  Tobacco  forme,  if  you  caninj 
lovinjr  husband  pray  send  thre  pound  of  tobacco  for  vie. 

"This  tvriting  hy  your  enemies — Saiuuel  Uskattubguu  and  GuuiiL^liiUifo 
Indian  sagamores." 

Mrs.  Rowlandson,  in  her  account  of  "Tiie  Sixteenth  Remove,"  rtlatcs 'la:  1 
when  they  had  waded  over  liaquangf  River,  "Quickly  there  came  up im;; 
an  Indian  who  iulbrmed  tlictn  that  I  must  go  to  Wachuset  to  my  niasidMr  i 
there  was  a  letter  come  from  the  coiuicil  to  the  saggamores  about  rcdin  imiu' 
the  captives,  and  that  there  would  be  anodier  in  14  dayt",  and  tiiiit  I  iiiii<t!-: 
there  ready."  J     This  was  doubtless  after  the  letter  just  recorded  liiulino  | 
sent  to  the  English.     "About  two  days  after,"  Mrs.  i?.  continues, "ciiiiii' 
company  of  Indians  to  us,  near  80,  all  on  horseback,     fliy  heart  skipf  wiilut  I 
me,  thinking  they  had  been  Englishmen,  at  the  first  sight  of  them:  Forili'v 
were  dressed  in  English  apparel,  with  hats,  white  neck-cloths,  and  sibli- 
about  their  waists,  and  ribl)ons  upon  their  shoulders.     But  when  tliey  ciiin- 
near,  there  was  a  vast  difference  between  the  lovely  faces  of  Cliristiaii!-,  mJj 
the  foul  looks  of  those  heathen,  which  much  damped  my  spirits  a^'aiii."  i 

Having,  after  great   distress,  arrived  at  Wachuset,  our  authoress  m 
"Then  came  Tom  a.w\  Peter  w\t\i  tho  second  letter  from  the  council. alrf. I 
the  captives."     "  I  asked  them  how  my  husband  did,  and  all  my  friends  aicj 


*  Gookin's  MS.  Hist.  Clirisiiaii  Indians. 

t  Or  I'ayquage,  now  Miller's  River.  Its  confluence  with  the  Connecticut  is  bew«i| 
Norlhfielil  ami  Montague. 

I  Narrative  of  her  Caplivil}',  59. 

§  Ibid.  (JO.  The  regimentals  in  whicii  they  were  now  tricked  out,  were  probably  laial 
firom  the  Enghsh  whom  they  had  killed  in  balUe. 


Cii*P 


.  vr.] 


NEPANET— SECOND  EMBASSY. 


91 


urnimiiiliinfi'.  Tliry  wiid  tln-y  wvrv  wi-ll,  lint  very  iii'laiiclioly."  'I'licy 
I  lUjIit  licr  t\v(i  l>if<fiiils  mill  a  |miiiiiiI  of  lolmccn.  'I'lic  luliaccii  slic  i.'a\c  to 
llic  Initial's  "•"'' ^^'"'"  '•  ^^"'^  ""  i.'<'iii',  uiif  tlirrati'iM'il  In  r  liccmisi' slic  hail 
„„  iiiiiif  til  ;.'iv<';  |iriilialily  not  licliivin;;  li<  r.  Slir  tulil  liiiii  win  n  licr 
liii.lmiiil  caiiic,  hIh'  uiiiild  ;;ivr  liiiii  hi;iii'.  "  Haiijr  liiin,  rufiw,  says  lie,  1 
jjjil  l^iidck  nut  liis  liraiiis,  if  lir  rniiics  licrr."  "  \f:aiM,  at  tlir  saiin-  linatli, 
ll,r\  Nviiiijil  say,  it' thrrr  slimilil  rniiii-  an  liiiiiiln-il  wiliiniit  ;:iiiis  tliry  \miiiIi| 
(liiilirin  no  iiiiit.  Sii  iiiistalili-  ami  likr  iiiailtiirii  liny  wcrr."  '  Tlirn'  liait 
liirii  siiiiit'lliiiiii  lalkfd  nimiit  .Mi'.  Iiint'l<mtlsitn\i  >.'oiii;,'  liiiiisi'lC  tn  raiisiim  Md 
will.  Imt  slit'  says  she  (liircd  imt  send  liir  liiiii,  "  llir  tlnrt-  was  liillr  iiioro 
tni.i'io  liii'in  than  to  the  iiiastcr  tliry  scrvvd."  * 

X  mini  I  IrariHil  hy  tlir  ciitiiiy  that  tiny  Inst  in  the  lif^lit  when  ('ii|il.  I'drxe 
Wh  killi'ili  "srorcs  nf  tlu-ir  iiirii  that  salihalli  day."  f 

.\.  liirv  ii'I'iiscd  III  treat  widi  Tom  .Wpitnd  aluiir,  I'lkr  Conu'dj/  was  jiiiticd 
with  liiiii  "11  II  st'i'iiiid  cxiu'iiiiiiiii,  as  \\r  have  srcii,  uliirli  li'il  In  srv i  nil 
i,iliii>,  to  wliicli  sniiH'  I'.nfflisli  \riiliirrdtn  add  ihi'nisclvis,  whirli  riMillid  in 
ir  iiili'iii|ili<in  (»r  Mrs.  Howliindson  and  smrral  ntlirrs. 

"Wlii'ii  llu'  h'ttor  was  «'(iiii(',  (says  Mrs.  Ii.\  llin  sa^rpininn's  nut  In  cuiisnlt 
jiluiiii  till' i'a|itiv<-s,  and  calli'd  iiir  to  tliriii,  In  ini|nirr  linw  iiiiirh  my  hiishaml 
wmihl  jrivr  In  rcdi'i'iii  mi':  When  I  rami' and  sat  dnwn  aiiimif;  llii'iii,  ;is  I  was 
Hunt  tn  till,  as  llii'ir  rnaiint'r  is:  'I'licn  Ihcy  hid  mr  stand  up,  (Ui^/  siiid  thvij 
tnn  the  i!i'iicral  court.  They  hid  mi-  spi-ak  what  J  llioiiLdit  he  would  jfivc;. 
Now  kniiwinf?  that  all  that  wo  had  was  dcstniyrd  hy  tlir  Indians,  I  was  in  n 
jniit  stiiiil."  t  Hlic  viMiturcd,  howovtjr,  to  say  JC'20,  ami  Tom  and  i'dc/- hnro 
till' (ilFiT  III  Boston. 

Ol'tluii'  ictnni  tho  saiuo  writer  jirorocds :  "On  a  snhlmtli  day,  tlin  sun 
biiiij.' tilHiiit  nn  hour  hijrii  in  the  af\eriiiiiin,  came  Mr  John  Hoar,  (the  eotincil 
lirriiiitting  liinii  "lid  his  own  tiirward  spirit  inclinini;  him,)  tn^'elher  with  the 
Hvi)  tiire-iiii'iilioned  Indians,  Tom  and  Piiir,  with  the  tliiid  letter  from  the 
.iiiiiiril.  When  they  mine  near,  1  was  ahrnad  ;  they  presenth  called  me  in, 
aiiilliiil  1110  sit  down,  and  not  stir.  Then  they  eatelu'd  up  their  ^uuh  ami 
mvuv  llity  ran,  as  if  an  enemy  had  heen  at  hand,  and  the  f.'iiiis  went  off 
apiHT.  1  iiianifcsted  sonie  <;reat  trouhlo,  and  asked  them  what  was  the 
iimllcr.  I  told  them  I  tlionj^lit  they  had  killed  the  En^lislmian  ;  (for  tlioy 
Imd  ill  llic  mean  time  told  me  that  an  I'^.n^rlishman  had  come  ;)  they  said,  JVo, 
thui  shot  over  his  horse,  and  under,  and  before  his  horse,  and  they  pushed  him  this 
icwi  iiml  tlud  way,  at  tlieir  pleasure,  showinu  him  what  thkv  could  I)o."§ 

Tiicy  would  not  at  first  suffer  lier  to  see  Mr.  Hoar,  but  when  they  had 
p"iititi('(l  llieir  tantalizinf,'  whim  sufficiently,  she  was  permitted  to  see  him. 
lie  lii()iif(lit  her  a  pound  of  tohacco,  which  she  sold  for  nine  shillinfrs.  "The 
iiixt  iiioriiiiifr,  Mr.  Hoar  invited  the  sugjianiorps  to  dinner;  but  when  we 
ivi'iit  III  frit  it  ready,  we  found  they  had  stolen  the  frreatest  |)art  of  the  provis- 
inns  Mr.  Hoar  had  brought.  And  we  may  se*;  the  wonderful  jMnver  of  (iod, 
in  that  one  pas.sage,  in  thut,  when  tln;rc  was  such  a  nuniber  of  them  togellier, 
anil  so  ffrcedy  of  a  little  good  food,  and  no  English  there  hut  IMr.  Hoar  and 
iiiysoir,  that  there  they  did  not  knock  us  on  the  head,  and  take  what  we  had  ; 
tliirc  being  not  only  some  provision,  but  also  trading  cloth,  a  ]iart  of  the 
20|inund8  agreed  upon  :  But  instead  of  doing  us  any  mischief,  they  seemed 
to  lip  aslmiued  of  the  fact,  and  said  it  was  the  nudchit  [bad]  Indians  that 
did  it."  II 

It  is  now  ciertain  that  this  negotiation  was  the  imniodiate  canse  of  their 
final  (ivertlirow.  For  before  this  time  the  Pokanokets  and  Narragansetts 
wilt  hand  in  hand  against  their  common  enetny,  and  they  were  the  most 
pouiitiil  tribes.  This  parleying  with  the  English  was  so  detestable  to  Philip, 
lliat  a  separation  took  place  among  these  tribes  in  coiiseqiience,  and  he  and 
till' Xiinagaiiscts  separated  themselves  from  t  le  Nipmuks,  and  othen-  inland 
trilips,  and  went  off  to  their  own  country.  This  was  the  reason  they  were 
H)  easily  subdued  after  the  separation  took  place. 


^•r> 

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im 

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■'  Niirrniive  of  lier  Captivity,  64,  66. 
}  .Niirrulivc,  ut  supra,  G5. 


t  Manuscripts  of  Rev.  /.  Cotton. 
5  Ibid.  71,  72.  II  Ibid.  72,  73. 


,---*•'(■'  ■''■■M 


02 


PETF.IlF.IMIUAIM-fiUANAI'OHIT. 


lllooK  111. 


It  \viis  tlii-oii;;li  ,V)/)(iinrii  iiM'iiiis  tliat  a  |mity  nf  r.njrliKh,  iiihIit  ri.|i|„|» 
Ilrnrliin(in,\\fi'i' rt\i\\t\<  <l  to  Mir|iiisr  a  Imdy  (il'liis  nmntrymcii  at  \\< >liiikiiiii« 
I'oikIs  near  l,niii-a>trr,  MO  Alav,  I<i7<i.  I'dllnuiii^^  'ma  nark  |Miiiitti|  i^m  |,y 
A'(/)iiiul,  till'  Indians  wnv  I'alirn  njinn  ulillf  /isliin>.%  and,  !»  in;r  <  |lli|■,.|^  |,j|_ 
|)ri'|iai°i'd,  si'vm  wrrr  killrd,  and  'i!'  taken,  rliii  llv  SNonirii  and  clnldrcn 

l'i;'n;iM,l'lll{  AIM  aiul  WDUIAVI'I'INMi:  w.ir  al>u  IM(,  "oiliir 
(-oMHidi'ialilN  distiiiv'inslicd  i\i|iinnk  Indians.  'I'Im'v  ri'iidcri'd  uiiicli  hi'r\ii'i< 
tu  the  I'.njjiisli  in  I'hill/)\t  war.  'riitv  wrnt  nut  n  Janiiarv,  1(17(1,  and  linnilii 
ill  many  (i|' iIk'  Ni|iniMs,  wIio  Imd  cndcavni'i'i!  to  slirltrr  llicinstUts  u\,'\,f 
L'niiin.  Mm,  .Mr.  //i//</>*^»y/ idiHcrvcs,  that  /'/kv/.v,  lia\in>.' "slialilu'd  "  iji,,,,,  „,]• 
"llii'y  wcji',  in  (lie  licjiinnin;.'  nl'  tin-  uintcr,  [1(17(1,)  lirun^dit  in  tn  Humi.i, 
many  nl"  iIm'iii,  liy  P)i>i-(f)liitiiint\\\(\  ^'Iviln ir-ii'liinif."  I'/ilinilm  <'iMiiniiii;i|,,|' 
(III  Indian  coinjiaiiy,  and  liad  a  rnininissinn  Iroin  ^'(iM-rnmnit.  'i'lic  ||,.t^ 
that  many  of  the  iMiciiiy  were  doin^Mniscliict'aliniit  Kiliiiliotli  I'liiist'd  ii  hintv 
of  l'',n<rli,s|i  of  Mcdiicid  t<»  inarcli  out  tn  tlicir  rrlicf;  i'/iliraini  wtni  \^'^i\^ 
tlnni,  \\illi  his  coiniiany,  which  Cdnsistcd  oC 'j!l.  The  snnw  la'iny  di  i  ii,  ij,,. 
J'liiiilish  siKHi  frrcw  disc(»nrayfd,and  rt'lnriicd,  hiit  Cajitain  /•/'/i/vn'wM'diiiii  iii,| 
tin-  march,  and  caiiii'  upon  a  lioily  of  th<  ni,  cncanijird,  in  the  ni;;lit.  Kiiii; 
tht>  nest  m(irniii>r,  he  siiccrssfully  siirroiiiHh'd  them,  and  oH'cn  il  them  iiniir'. 
ter.  "  Ki;iht  res(dnte  fellows  reliiscd,  who  were  presently  shot;"  the  ,i\\\n* 
yiidded,  and  were  hroii;rht  in,  lieiii<;  in  niimlu'r  1*2.  (.)ther  minor  <-.\|i|(iiIm,|' 
this  Indian  captain  an;  recorded, 

'I'llOMAS  UrANArOliri',  called  also  Rnmneif-mnrsli,  was  a  liiniliii„f 
Jfimr.i,  and  was  also  a  (Christian  Indian.  Jn  the  1)eHiniiin<r  of  lMi>iilii|,s 
n^rainst  Phil!/),  Major  (lookiu  received  (aders  to  raise  a  c<iinpaiiy  nl"  |irii\ii,;r 
Indians  to  Ito  eiii|iloyed  apiinst  him.  This  com|iiiiiy  was  iiiiiiii'iliiii,|v 
raised,  and  consisted  of  .V2  men,  who  were  condiicli d  to  Monnt  ]|(j|ii'  j'v 
Captain  Isaac  Jofiiuiot).  (luauapohil  was  oni;  of  tiiese.  Tiie  ofiiccr.s  iimlir 
whom  they  sr'r\(Hl  testified  to  their  on  (lit  as  liiithfnl  soldiers;  yet  iiki;i\  nf 
the  army,  officers  and  men,  tried  all  in  tlieir  power  to  lirin<;  them  into  (li>rt. 
j)iite  with  the  country.  Such  proccM-diiifrs,  wo  should  naturally  coiichnloi 
would  tend  much  to  dishearten  tliont;  friendly  Indians;  lint,  on  the  contraT, 
tliey  used  every  exertion  to  win  the  idlectioiis  oi"  their  oppressors,  f^i/dim. 
pohil,  with  tiie  other  two,  received  from  ^'overimient  a  reward  lor  tlic  m;i1]ij 
which  they  hroiij^ht  in.  I'luuif^'li  not  exactly  in  order,  yet  it  must  he  iiun. 
tioiied,  that  when  Thomas  was  out,  at  or  near  Swaiisey,  'n  the  hej:inniii:'o|' 
the  wur,  he  by  accident  liad  one  of  his  hands  shot  ort!  He  was  one  ol  ilm 
troo|)erM,  and  carried  a  fjnii  of  remarkable  1<  iifitii.  TIk;  weather  Ijcin;;  n- 
cessively  hot,  his  horse  was  very  uneasy,  beiiijr  disturbed  by  flies,  iind  >\m\ 
tii(;  lock  of  the  ^miii  as  the  i)ree(di  rested  u|ion  the  f;ruuiid,  and  ciiiisd  it  lo 
CO  otfj  which  horribly  mangled  the  liand  that  held  it;  and,  iiotwitlistiiiiiliii.' 
It  was  a  long  time  in  fretting  well,  yet  he  rendenMl  great  service  in  tlir  wir 
afterward.  The  account  of  one  signal  exploit  having  been  |)reser\t(l,  >liiiH 
here  be  related.  While  Ca|)taiii  i/«ifA?nan  was  in  the  cuemy's  c(iiiiitn,  li? 
made  an  excursion  from  Ilassanamesit  to  Packaciioog,  wITudi  lies  tilxiit  Kii 
miles  Morth-west  from  it.  Meeting  hen;  with  no  enemy,  he  nianlKd  npiiii 
for  Hassanamesit;  and  having  got  a  few  miles  on  his  way,  discovi  nd  tliat 
be  had  lost  a  tin  case,  wiiich  contained  his  comm\<sion,  and  other  iiistriiciiinij, 
lie  therefore  despatched  Thomas  and  two  Englisl'iieii  in  search  of  it.  Tiny 
made  no  discovery  of  the  lost  articli;  until  they  <  am*;  in  sij^ht  of  an  olihvii- 
wam  at  Packaciioog,  where,  to  their  no  small  siir|irise,  tliey  discovcicil  suino 
of  the  enemy  in  possession  of  it.  Tliey  were  !)nt  a  few  rods  from  tiidii.  mihI 
being  so  few  in  iiuml)er,  that  to  have  given  them  battle  would  iiavc  Ihtii 
desperate  in  the  extreme,  as  neither  of  them  was  armed  for  such  an  occiisimi; 
Btratageiii,  tiierelbre,  could  oidy  save  tlieni.  The;  wigwam  was  sitiuitf d  iijion 
an  emiiuniei! ;  and  .some  were  standing  in  the  door,  when  they  ajipreiu'luil, 
■who  discovered  them  as  soon  as  they  came  in  sight,  (^ne  protiitrd  Lis 
gun,  but,  the  weather  being  .stormy,  it  did  not  go  off  At  this  iiioinciit  mir 
chief,  looking  back,  called,  and  made  many  gestures,  as  though  h"  wcit'  iliv 
posing  of  a  large  force  to  encompass  them.     At  this  maiicfiuvre  tl:ey  all  lleJ 

*  Roger  Williams  sols  down  sea  as  llie  tli'tiiiijoa  of  Wechecum. 


V5 1  «  " 


:!f  «i 


VIII  I'ASSAf'ONAWAV.  03 

1  ■  f /ix  ill  niimlHT,  Ii'nviii":  <»iii"  Ihtoci  to  |tiirHiio  tlu-ir  olijiTt.     TIiiih  ilnir 

...rviili""  ^^""'  '''"'   '"  ^^""""/"''"' >■  '""'  ij*'!"'  Mioii-  lt»  III-  iiilmirt'tl,  ns  tiny 

'^'',  jii  s"  till'  'l«'"*"""'' "'  ''"'   Mniiiis  dl"  (li'li'iicf.     ('ii|itaiii    ({iiiiniiiKiliil  liiid 

I   '.I'll' (iiilv   »  jiistol,  iiiui  1)111'   of  Ills  iiirii  a  •.niii    witliiiilt  ii  '''it,   tiiid  lliu 

ntliiiim  U'l'ii  '"  ""•* 
lt«iu*»l"'"'  •'"'  ''""'  ''"'~^''  •'\''m'<  "(•(•iiriTil,  thai  ('n|itiiiii  7o/;i,  of  wluiiii 
Lny,,ji|„,ki'ii,  liin  tlim^ililrr,  and  two  cliildrt'ii,  nm'ic  taken  hy  iiM-inil  snit  out 
I  ,.,.i,„iii  //(;i(7tm/»;i, alMiiit  lOmilfs  Hoiitli-cast  of  .M!irlliorc»ii<rli.  'I'Ih-v  a|i|in.r 
i!iliii\i'  !>*'<''■  t.'iki'iion  tilt-  1 1  .liiiic,  and  on  iIk;  '.ill  of  tlic  fiiiiii"  iiiontli  ('ii|>t:iiii 
Turn  ttus  executed. 

ciiAPrioR  vir. 

nl  thrhulidDsinNeir  ffainpshirr  iiiitl  Mahir  prfrious  to  (hrlr  viirs  irilli  tlir  irliiirs — 
'  thmiiiion.i  iif  lli>'  Iki^Ii  ill" — I'irisliis  in  iriir — 1'a>s  vcuv  \\\  \v  —  ///,\  slniiii.iioiis — 
Un  la-il  flii'i'i'li  t(i  Irx /iii>i)li — llin  iiji'  —  Us  dti  itrlilir  innniis  H'^kiihiiiii  l,i/  —  /'(//- 
liimf  llii'  ((lurl  <'/  M'ii'<iii'liii''"'t'-i — Liiiiils  iilldHiil  lit  ':im  —  t'lurli.sli  .siml  ii  fiiiir  lu 
ihiurm  liiiii — I'liiii'  J'l'  'fx  iij  lii»  I  iiinilij  iinfoiiniliil—tln  i/  s) he  ami  illlrviil  liis  .<«« — 
Iff ifniiii.t — I'nnsiiroiiitiriiii  ililinm  lits  iiniis.  iinil  iimlns  piiiir  irilli  tin  i'.iii^liKh — 
iriidU'dnn  ciiiinrniii<! — Lifi  i>f  \VaNiN\i.\m  i  r — lli.s  s'/iiititni  in  I'liili/is  irar — 
l/i.<.«(Hi"'.<  iiikI  lil.li  rs  .iciil  liiiii.  hij  ihi  I'.iiitlisli  —  l.iiiri.i  liis  risiili mc  —  lli.t  liiiiiniiiilii 
— f'li/t  ()/' .Ici-iivn  Noi  Kr, —  ll'iiiiiiiildiint  n/nrn.s  tn  his  roiiiitn/ — His  Imnls  siiziil 
\n  III)  itlnti lilt — lie  (iijitiii  rilins  into  IIk  n'lilirniss — .Masili/  ilistniii.i  his  riHiiirr, 
i.f  -.tmpiiaonid  for  dclil — I'linirs  Chiisliinuhj — .7  spirrh — Wiiiwowsiiw  i  r, 
nKhtm  of  .^''«'  Hampshire — RdiiiNiiDoii — llin  sitlrs  of  land  in  Muinr — Mumjiink 
— KivNKHis — As.sniiN.vs(ji-  A — AiiiiKiAUAssG'r — Their  rcnidtnccn  and  mhs  of  land 
-Mildinliiilijfatc  of  Ciioc  miA. 

Pome  kiinwlcdfri^  of  tin;  Indians  eastward  of  tlio  Maflsnclinsctts  was 
voiv  iiirly  olnaincil  liy  ('aptain  Jnhti  Smith,  wliicli,  liowcvcr,  \vas  \('ry 
(.'(■iiinil ;  ii^  'li»t  tln-y  wen"  divided  into  several  trii)es,  eaeli  of  wliieh  had 
their  oivn  saciieni,  or,  as  tiiest;  nion;  northern  Indians  pronounced  that 
wiini,  siirhcmn,  which  tiio  Kiifjlish  unch'rstood  .<iii<r(iinorc ;  and  yc^t  all  th(! 
Kiclii'iiiiw  nclcnowludged  Hubjcction  to  one  still  frri;ater,  which  they  called 
huliiilin. 

Ill' ilie  dominions  of  tlio  bashabn,  writers  differ  much  in  resju'ct  to  their 
(Xlt'iit.  Some  suppose  that  his  authority  did  not  exti-nd  this  side  the  I'as- 
ratiii|iia,  hut  it  is  evident  thut  it  did,  from  ("ajitain  Smitli's  account.!  War.s 
awl  ju'stileiice  had  fjreatly  wasted  the  ea.stern  Indians  hut  a  short  time  l)el()ro 
tilt  Kiijilisli  setthsd  in  the  country;  and  it  was  then  ditficult  to  determine  the 
riliitioii  the  trihes  had  stood  in  one  to  the  other.  As  to  the  hashaha  of  I'enoh- 
s'li,  tradition  states  that  he  was  killed  by  the  Tarratines,  who  lived  still 
liirtlicr  cast,  in  a  war  which  was  at  its  liei>;ht  in  Itil.l. 

I'ASSACONAWiVY  seems  to  have  been  u  bashalm.  Uc  lived  u|)on  the 
Mirriiimrk  River,  at  ii  jilace  called  Pennukook,  and  his  dominions,  at  tlio 
HTiud  of  the  English  settlements,  were  very  extensive,  even  over  the  sachems 
iviii!;  upon  the  Puscataqiui  and  its  branches.  The  Abenuciues  inhabited 
ti'tH(!('ii  the  Pascatatpia  and  Peuo!)scot,  and  the  resilience  of  the  chief 
whcia  was  upon  Indian  Island.^  Fluellen  and  Ca|)tain  Sundaif  were  early 
known  as  chiefs  among  the  Abenaqiies,  and  SquanJo  at  a  later  period  ;  but 

*  (I'noim'.v  MS.  Hist.  Praying  Indians. 

t  "'riie  ])rinci|)al  h&bitalions  I  saw  at  northward,  was  Penobscot,  wlio  nrn  in  wars  with  the 

j  TlTCIIlil        ■'    '  " .-.•..  .        • 

i  foiiii'l  Mi'oailacut,  Segockcl,  Pcmniariuid,  Nusconcns,  Sa({a(laho<>k,  .Sal(|uin,  Auniai)<rlicaw- 

;i'u  imd  Kenabeca.     ro  lliose  belong  the  countries  and  iieopio  of  Scffolaaro,  Pauhunianuck, 

\\rL\.: M „  '._      ir..  i ?. -i.      \\r .; ;_i. 


•%^ 


f 


1  iiv  III  iiiL  iiicii   iiai^iiciiiuiia   I   »avv    ui    iiui  III  wai  (I,   t>an   i  ciitii'^^v'ii.   »iii.  .tii.   in   »iii:^   »iiii  ill 

iiics,  llieir  next  northerly  ncif^iibors.     Southerly  up  llie  rivers,  and  alonf?  the  coast,  w 

Mi'cadacut,  Segockel,  Pemniariuid,  Nusconcus,  Sa({adaho<>k,  Sal(|uin,  Auniau<r|icaw 

Lw, , Mid  Kenabeca.     ro  lliose  belong  the  countries  and  people  of  Segolago,  Pauhunianuck, 

mopassum,    Taughianakagnet,    W^bigganus,   Nassaque,   iMa»herosqucck,    Wawrigwiok, 

.Mo>linqupn,  Waccogo,  Pusharanack,  &c.     To  those  are  allied  in  confederacy,  the  countries 

i>\  Aiicocisco,  Accominticus,   Passalaquak,   .\ngawoam   and  N.iemkeek,   alf  these,  for  any 

liiiii;  I  could  perceive,  differ  little  in  language  or  any  thing  ;  though  most  of  them  be  sagiunos 

1  aiil  lords  of  themselves,  yet  they  hold  the  bashalles  of  Penobscot  llic  chief  and  greatest 

;  amoiisst  ihcm."    3  Coll  Jftcuis.  Hist.  Soc.  iii.  21,  "22. 

t  ^'illiamon's  Hist.  Maiue,  ii.  4. 


'''mm 


V.l:'    tit* 


,t.'.V    (ilji"|ivSgl 

,>  ■    J.  jft  ,  •'   iT" 


94 


PASSACONAWAY. 


[Rock  111. 


of  tlioe  we  simll  he  more  particular  licrcaOcr:  tho  first  Karlicin  vc  >||,|,|i: 
nutic(!  is  PttHmtmnawiUj.     He  "  lived  to  a  \v\\  frroat  ajjc; ;  f()r,"  says  i|],.  ,,|  ,■  ^'^ 
ol' my  iiifiimscript,  "1  saw  iiiiii  alive  at  I'awtiickrt,  wlu-ii  lie  \v,i,s  ulMii,; 
liiiiidrcd  and  twenty  y'''''^*  old."*     Uefore  iiis  death,  Ik;  delivered  the  |i,||„„. 
ini;  speech  to  his  children  and  friends :  "  /  nm  now  .fiToiJiic  the  icai/  of  iiUj',sl, ,. 
rendji  to  iliv,  and  not  liheli/  to  nee  you  ciur  meet  loictther  any  more.    1  u'ill  noirk'r', 
thin  word  of  counsel  with  you,  tludyou  may  take  hiedhowyou  quarrt  I  with  the  £(iir/,v 
for  thousilt  you  may  do  them  much  mischief,  yd  assuredly  yon  ivill  all  be  dalmu,,! 
ami  r',"liil  nff  the  earth  if  you  do  ;  for,  I  was  as  much  an  enemy  to  the  /•Jiif/.s/j ,  i 
their Ji. si  lomina;  into  these  parts,  a.\  anyone  whatsoever,  and  did  tn/ alt  wum  (/„*i 
7tieans pos.iilde,  to  have  destroyed  them,  at  least  to  have  prevented  Hum  •"///uilr (/o,-, 
here,  hnl  I  could  no  way  effect  it ;  therefore  I  advise  you  never  to  conttml  wiih  ly 
Enirlish,  nor  vuthe  war  with  them."     And  IMr.  Hubliard  adds,  "  it  is  to  lie  ii,i|,,,i 
that  this  Passaconawa  wtis  the  most  noted  jioNNOwuiid  sortxner  of  all  ||,! 
country." 

A  story  of  th(!  nian-iajre  of  a  danfrhter  ot'  Passaconaivay,'m  KiOS,  js  ij,,, 
related.  Winnepurket,  commonly  called  Georiir,  sachem  of  Saii>;iis,  'i,,,,!,. 
known  to  the  chief  of  Pennakook,  that  he  desirt!d  to  marry  his  dMi^lihr 
which,  hiinir  a;freeahl(!  to  all  |»arties,  was  soon  consnmniated,  at  ilic  riM.  I 
dence  of  Passaconaway,  and  the  hilarity  was  closed  with  a  f>real  feast.  .\i- 
cordiiifr  to  the  usa;r«'S  of  the  chi(  fs,  Passaconaway  ordered  a  si  lect  iininl.irii' 
his  nu.'n  to  accompany  ihe  new-married  coupi.i  to  th(>  dwellinj:  (if  i,,. 
hiishand.  AVIien  they  had  arrived  there,  several  days  of  feastii)<r  rojl.iwi.j 
for  th(!  entertainment  of  his  iHeiids,  who  could  not  ht;  present  at  tiic  d  .. 
summation  ut  the  hride's  father's,  us  well  as  for  the  escort;  who,  wIkji  i1,> 
was  ended,  returned  to  I'ennakook. 

Home  time  after,  the  wife  of  IVinnepurket,  expressiii}?  a  desire  to  visit Lr 
father's  house  and  friends,  was  permitted  to  sro,  and  a  choict;  coiii|)iiiiv  ,ui;. 
ducted  her.  When  she  wished  to  return  to  her  hushaiid,  her  iiitlii r,  iiiMt.,] 
of  conveyiiijf  iier  as  helore,  sent  to  the  young  sachem  to  come  and  laki  ^r 
away,  lie  took  this  in  lugli  dudgeon,  and  sent  his  father-in-law  tlii.s  auMvcr: 
*'  When  she  (h'parted  from  me,  1  caused  my  men  to  escort  her  to  yoiinlwil). 
iiig,  as  hecaine  a  chief  She  now  having  an  intention  to  return  to  iiic.  liii,! 
expect  th(!  same."  Tiie  elder  sachem  was  now  in  his  turn  unirn,  iiiui 
retiu'ned  an  answer  which  only  increased  the  diU'erence ;  and  it  i.s  Ijilinnl 
that  thus  te'rminated  the  connection  of  the  new  hushand  and  wife.f 

This  samc^  y<'«i',  [1<)(>2,]  we  find  the  general  court  acting  iip'in  a  |M't''!;iii 
of  Passaconaway,  or,  as  his  name  is  S|)eit  in  the  records  ihemsi  Ives, /'«/;,;«• 
concway.  The  petition  we  have  not  met  with,  hut  from  the  answer  f;i\iir;i) 
it,  we  loarn  its  nature.  The  court  say:  "In  an.swer  to  tla;  petition  if 
Papisseconeway,  this  court,  jiidg(!th  it  meete  to  graunt  to  the  said  Pniiissmnt- 
jiw/ and  his  men  or  associates  alM)ut  Naticot,  |  ahove  Mr.  yi/r?(/o(rs  liimls, 
where  it  is  fr«!e,  a  mile  and  a  half  on  either  side  Merremack  Kiuer  in  liiiaihli, 
*'ree  mil(!S  on  either  side  in  length  :  j)rovided  he  nor  they  do  not  aliiii,* 
rii  y  part  of  this  grant  witlmat  leave  and  liceii.se  from  this  court,  lir-; 
ohtained." 

'Governor  Jf'inthrop  mentioii.s  this  chief  as  early  as  J();32.  One  of  liisiiira. 
having  gone  with  a  white  man  into  tlu;  country  to  trade,  was  killoil  k 
anotner  Jnditin  "dwelling  near  the  Mohawks  country,  who  Hid  away  wiiii 
his  goods;"  hut  it  seems  from  the  same  account,  \\v,it  Passaconaway  \m\f\vi 
and  took  the  iniu'derer.  In  1(542,  there  was  great  alarm  throiijiiiout  ilie 
English  settlements,  from  the  belief  that  all  the  Indians  in  the  coiiiitiy  wm 
ahoiit  to  mak(^  a  general  massacre  of  the  whites.  The  goveriunoiit  ot'JIa,-- 
sachus(!tts  took  prompt  measiu'es  "to  strike  a  terror  into  the  Indians,"  Tlify 
therefore  "sent  men  to  Cutshamekin,  at  Braintree,  to  fetch  him  and  liis|riiii.s 

*  (iookin'.i  Hist,  of  Prdijiiiii-  Indians.  This  history  was  drawn  up  diirincf  tlie  year  h' 
and  liDW  li)ng  lioCore  this  the  aiillior  saw  liirii,  is  unknown  ;  lint  llicre  ran  hr  no  doiilil  'lui-  , 
was  (it-ad  some  years  lictbrf!  Philip's  war.  Ncvcrlhcltjss,  with  Mr.  Ilnhlnuil  and  mir  loi 
Ix^lori!  Iiini,  the  author  of  Tali\s  of  Ihe  Indians  lias  iiiaiio  Passaconatcuy  appear  in  lliepcr>ci; 
of  Aspinijiiid,  in  Kiii'i,  al  Affainentacus  in  Maine. 

t  Deduced  I'roin  laeis  iii  Alurlnn's  N,  Canaan. 

\  Aiiollicr  version  of  Nalium-keag. 


[Ho.  K  II!, 

Kaclicin  vc  ^Ikih'ii 
DF,"  siiys  llic  III  i',,,,P 

■n    111'    \Vil^   (lliiii.I  :; 
L'liviTrd  tlic  liilldu. 

Itc  wall  of  (ill  fish,, J 
ore.  1  will  lundtr.,, 
m"<  /  it'i7/i //ic  L';iir/;,. 
,  U'iU  (ill  he  it(strii,j,i',^ 
mij  lo  llw  L'ii<r/,s/i, , ,' 
did  tni  (til  wmjn  ini.i 
ed  till  III  S('///i")if  i/orn 
;r  to  coiilcnil  with  ik 
s,  "  it  is  to  Im'  ii(i|,..:, 
I  sorcerrr  of  all  ij,,. 

cay,  ill  W)%  is  tin,; 
111  of  Smiiiis,  !i,ii,|,. 
iimrry  liis  tlMiiilii.r, 
tiiiiiatcd,  at  ilic  iiM. 
I  a  ^rcal  itast.  .\i- 
(I  a  silrct  iMiiiilci'i' 
lie  (Iwflliiiir  nf  il.. 
of  I'castiiijr  liilliwil, 
present  at  tin'  n  ■ 
ort ;  will),  wlicii  ti,:- 

ir  a  desire  tr,  vi.-itLir 
•lioico  coiiiiiaiiy  .n:;- 
\(i,  lier  tiitlnr,  iiiMid 
to  come  and  takr  \*r 
•r-iii-luw  tlii>  aiiMvw: 
ort  lier  to  your  duiH- 
to  return  to  iiif.  1  liid 
his  turn  antiv),  uiu! 
•e ;  and  it  is  biliiMil 
[1  and  wife.t 
ctiiij:  n\yn\  u  ))(t''in 
tlieiiisdvfs, /'«/;.'*• 
tlio  answer  pi\ HI  ■it 
to  till!  petition  ii 
tli(!  said  Pnpisstm- 
\\v.  lirailon's  liiiuK 
u-k  Uiucr  ill  liivailiii, 
tliey  do  not  alii'ii;* 
ouk'tliis    court,  lir-i 

32,  One  of  lii!*  mfz 
trade,  was  kiilnl  Iff 
wlio  Hill  aviiywiiii 
assacomnvitii  \mmfi 

ilarui  tliroiiiilioiit  ihf 

s  in  tlic  coimtry  wtf 
•vovornniciit  of  Mav  1 
tlic  Indians."   TlifV 

tch  hiiii  liiitl  1''^  !^""*'  I 


up  (luriiie;  il'c  yoar  V- 
re  ran  tin  no  <l<»il>t  ''"'", 
Mr.  IIiM'ii''  and  "ur  wi  ] 
awaij  appear  in  the  pcr>t'- 


Chap.  VIM    ^VA^'^'ALA1»CET  MADE  PRISONER  BY  THE  ENGLISH.  95 

hows  &c.,  wliicli  was  done;  and  he  cnme  willinf?ly :  And  heinfr  late  in  the 
ni'lit'wlioii  tliey  caiiH!  to  JJoston,  In;  was  put  into  the  prison  ;  lint  the  next 
imiiiiiL',  liniliniTi  ii|»>ii  exaiiiiiiatioii  of  him  and  divers  of  Ids  men,  no  ^M-omiil 
oi'*ibpii"it>"  of  his  partaking;  in  any  such  conspiracy,  he  was  dismissed. 
inoiiilK'  warrant  which  went  to  Ipswich,  llowley  and  Newhiiry,  to  disarm 
to(i"'"""'/>  ^^''"  'i^'^'l  '*!^'  Merrimack,  they  sent  forth  40  mi'ii  armed  the 
[„xt  ilay."  These  Ei:;jlish  were  hin(h!red  from  visititi<j  the  wi-rwani  of 
/tovi'O"""'^'/'  ''y  ''"'".V  weather,  "  hut  they  came  to  his  son's  and  took  him." 
'I'lil.;  soil  we  presniiK!  was  WttnnaUmcet.  This  tln'V  hail  orders  to  do  ;  hiit 
l^iiiir  11  squaw  and  her  child,  they  had  none,  and  were  ordc-rcd  to  send 
,,,,,11  back  air' ill  inimediaiely.  Fcariiif,'  /Fcni»a/«»ifd',?  escape,  they  "led  iiiiii 
jiHilini', 'ill'  'lis  taking  an  opportunity,  slippiid  his  line  and  eseaped  from 
lliciM,  liiit  one  very  iiidl'^creetly  made  a  shot  at  him,  mid  mi.s.scd  him  nar- 
niwlv."  TiiCf'e  were  called,  then,  "unwarranted  proceediiifis,"  as  we  should 
sav  tlicv  very  well  iiiijfht  have  l)een.  The  Eiifrlish  now  had  some  actual 
reiusdii  to  fcai"  that  Passaronnwdij  would  resent  this  outrajje,  and  then^t'ore 
.^iciit  Ciitsliivnekin  to  him  to  li't  him  know  that  what  was  done  to  his  son 
aiul  s(|Uii\v  was  without  order,"  and  to  invite  him  to  a  jiarley  at  IJostoo  ;  also, 
-10  sliow  liim  the  occassion  whereupon  we  had  sent  to  disarm  all  tlie  In- 
diiiiis,  and  that  when  we  should  find  that  they  were  innocent  of  any  siicli 
fniisiiirac;,  we  wonlil  restore  all  their  arms  ajrain."  Pn.tifnconnwaif  titud  when 
lie  sliinild  have  his  son  and  sipiaw  returned  safe,  h<^  would  f^o  and  speak 
wiili  tiiciii.  Tiie  scpiaw  was  so  much  lri<{litened,  that  slit;  ran  away  into  tlij 
Wddils,  iiiicl  wiii-'iihsi'iit  ten  days.  It  seems  that  ffantutlanrd  was  soon  lih- 
(RivC.!, as  II.  within  a  short  time  went  to  the  Eiifjlish,  "and  ihdivc^red  up  his 
Lniiis.  vVi'."  *  Thesi.>  were  the  circumstances  U>  which  M iantunno mo h  iihmlcd 
'iv  happily  ullerwards. 

Atat'iiiirt  in  Massachusetts  in  l()4t,  it  is  said,  '^  Passnconawai/,  th<»  Merri- 
mack saclicin,  came  in  and  siihmitti'd  to  our  irovernment,  as  i^uinhnm,  &ic. 
iiiiii  (li)Mi'  lietiire ;"  and  the  iie.\t  year  the  same  entry  occurs  again,  with 
tlic  additioa  of  his  son's  suhmission  also,  "  together  with  their  lands  and 
people,"  t 

Tills  ciiicf  is  supposed  to  have  died  ahout  the  same  time  \\\th  Mnssasoit, 
a  sachem  wiioin  ill  m:iny  respects  he  seems  to  have  much  resemhied,  |  He 
vasiilleii  styled  the  £f/r«/  saclicm,  and,  according  to  Mr.  JIubbard,  was  con- 
sidcnd  a  great  powwow  or  sorcerer  among  liis  |)eo|)le,  and  his  fann:  in  this 
rcsp  ct  was  very  exti-nsivc  ;  and  we  know  not  that  then;  was  any  thing  that 
•Jit  V  thoiiglit  him  not  ahle  to  jjerform:  that  he  could  cause  a  green  leaf  to 
grow  ill  winter,  trees  to  dance,  and  water  to  hurn,  seem  to  have;  h;H;n  feats 
of  I'oiiiiiioii  notoriety  in  his  tiiiii". 

WA.WAL.XNCET,  or  li'onolnncet,  in  ohedience  to  the  advice  of  his  father, 
always  kept  peace  witli  the  English,  Me  njsided  at  an  ancient  s;>at  ol'  the 
sairaiiiores,  upon  tin;  Merrimack,  called  at  that  time  JVaamkvkv,  hut  from 
vlioiire  he  withdrew,  in  the  time  of  tin!  war  with  Philip,  and  toidi  i'm  It's 
'jiiarters  ninoiig  the  I'emuikooks,  who  were  also  his  people. 

.Vlioiit  the  heginning  of  Septemher,  1()75,  Captain  Mo.ie'',  \\\th  ahoUv  100 
Mil,  was  ordered  to  inarch  up  into  tin;  country  of  the  Merrimack  to  ascertain 
;lii' state  of  artairs  under  Wnnna'aivd.  The,s(>  men  scoiiti-d  in  warlik(!  array 
a.<l!ir  as  Pennakook,  now  Concord,  N,  II.  Tiny  '-ould  not  tind  an  Indian, 
it'itcaiiie  ii|)on  their  wigwams,  and  hiirned  them,  and  also  a  (piantity  of  dried 
isli  and  othiT  articles.  Although  this  was  a  most  wanton  aiul  imwarnintahle, 
lotto  s;iy  iimiecessjiry  act  of  tlies(>  whitens,  yet  no  retaliation  took  place  on 
lie  part  of  the  Indians.  And  whether  to  attrihute  their  t()rhearance  to  cow- 
iirdirc,or  to  the  great  respect  in  which  the  dying  ai'.yi'u'i'.oi' Passaconawnii  waa 


'  U7»?/iro;/,s-  J()iir7ial.  f  ll>i<l. 

t  A   (in;;  (iihor  stanzas  in  Farmer  aiul  Moore's  Colkctions,  the  following  very  liappily 
uUoducc'i  Passacommnij .  — 

"  Oiiei  liid  my  tlirot)hinf;'  l)osom  deep  rocoivo 
Tilt"  sketcli,  wlilcli  one  iil'  I'lissiicoiKiirivj  drew. 
Well  may  the  nmse  his  memoiv  retrieve 
From  (lark  oliiivion,  aiul,  wilh  pi-iieil  true, 
Retouch  (hut  picluic  strange,  wiili  tiuts  and  houors  due." 


■«'.!,    :K  <^ 


:.''v.'||'fi^^ 
M 


\^l      :^    f  f 


m 


■■■■  '■•'■■i^'m 


..,1., 


i^;^iiii^,<' 


ll 

ilul 


90  WANNALANCET.— INDIANS  SEIZED  AT  DOVER.       [Book  Hi 

held,  is  not  cnrtaiii ;  for  JVanalnncd  and  his  men  lind  notice  of  the  approao 
of  MdscIi/,  and   lay  CDiiccalcd   wliilo  li(!  was  dfstroyiii<r  tlicir  eHi'cis ;  ;,||^ 
inif,dit  liavc  cut  oil"  his    (MJiiipaiiy,  wiiicli  the  young  warriors  adviM-i'l  U 
jyannnlancd  would  not  [x'rmit  a  gun  to  ho  tired. 

Having  ahun(Uuit  reason  now  to  fi;ar  tiie  resentment  of  the  Pawtiickctt  nriil 
Pennai<ooi<  Indians,  the  council  of  Alussachnsefts,  7  S('i)ternher,  Ki/o,  {,|,|,!|.„|j 
that  Lieutenant  Thomas  Henchman,  of  Chelmsford,  should  send  sotne  micsmh. 
gers  to  find  him,  and  persuade  him  of  tlieir  li"i<uidship,  and  urge  Ins  ntnin  to  lij 
place  of  residence.  With  this  order,  a  letter  was  sent  to  fVannalanctt  ,it  tlie 
sanjo  time.  They  are  as  follows :  "It  in  ordered  l)y  the  council  tliat  Li,.,,, 
3'Ao».  Henchman  do  forthwith  endeavor  to  procure  by  hire,  one  or  iw, 
suitahle  1  idians  of  Wamesit,  to  travel  and  seek  to  tind  out  and  speak  wiiji 
Wunnnlanrel  the  sachem,  unci  carry  with  them  a  writing  from  tiio  coiukji 
being  ii  sale  conduct  unto  the  said  sachem,  or  any  other  principal  nicn  I,,.! 
longing  to  Natahook,  Penagooge, or  other  |)eople  of  those  northern  Jiiijin,. 
giving  (not  exceeding  six  persons)  free  liherty  to  come  into  the  house  (ifiiip 
said  Henchman,  where  the  council  will  appoint  Capt.  Gookin  and  Mr.  Eliot  \(i 
treat  with  them  about  tc  ins  of  amity  and  peace  between  them  and  the  Kii'. 
lish  ;  and  in  case  agreements  and  conclusions  be  not  made;  to  nuitiial  sni". 
faction,  then  the  said  sachem  and  all  others  that  iiccompany  him  sliall  h.n. 
tree  liherty  to  return  back  again;  and  this  ofi'er  the  council  are  indiiccil  n 
make,  bi'causc  the  said  IVannalancet  sachem,  as  they  are  inlbrnied,  liath  i],. 
olared  himself  that  the  English  never  did  any  wrong  to  him,  or  lijs  liithtr 
Passaconaway,but  always  lived  in  amity,  and  that  his  father  charged  him  <iim 
do,  and  that  said  Wunnalancet  will  not  begin  to  do  any  wrong  to  the  Eui'lijli." 
The  Ibllowing  is  the  letter  to  Wannalancct : — 

"This  our  writing  or  safe  conduct  doth  declare,  that  the  governor  ani 
council  of  Massachusetts  do  give  you  and  every  of  you,  j)rovided  yon  cvi'ml 
not  six  i)ersons,  irce  liberty  of  coming  unto  and  retm-ning  in  satltv  liim 
the  house  of  Lieut.  T.  Henchman  at  Naamkeake,  and  there  to  troiit  witli 
Ca|)t.  Daniel  Gookin  and  3Ir.  John  Eliot,  whom  you  know,  and  [wlinin]  «e 
will  lidly  empower  to  treat  and  conclude  with  you,  u{)on  euch  moot  timis 
and  articles  of  friendship,  amity  and  subjection,  as  were  formerly  riiddi' id 
concluded  between  the  lO'iglish  and  old  Pnssaconnway,  your  fatlun-,  and  Iih 
sons  and  people  ;  and  lor  this  end  we  have  sent  these  messengers  \hlm\k  in 
the  MS.'\  to  convey  these  unto  you,  and  to  bring  your  answer,  ulioia  we 
desire  you  to  treat  kindly,  and  speedily  to  desi)atch  them  back  to  iis  wiih 
your  answer.  Dated  in  Boston,  1  Oct.  1075.  Signed  by  order  ot"  ilie 
council.  John  Leverett,  Gov. 

Edw '.  Rawson,  Seer." 

The  messengers  who  went  out  with  this  letter,  to  find  Wimnalnncd,  rniilii 
not  meet  with  him,  but  em|)loy«!d  another  to  find  him,  and  nturnrd:  and 
whethrr  hi;  evrr  reccuved  it  is  not  distinctly  stated.  IIow(;ver,  with  a  liu 
followers,  he  rc'tired  into  the  wilderness  near  the  source  of  the  CoiincrtioN;. 
and  there  passed  the  winter.  The  next  summer  he  was  joined  hy  partus  nf 
Ni|)nuiks  under  Sngamnre  sam,  One-ei/ed-john,  and  others,  who,  coniiiii.'in 
wiih  him,  W(>re  in  hopes  of  receiving  pardon,  but  their  liite  lias  keu 
stated. 

JMajor  Waldron  of  Cochecho  had  many  Indians  in  his  interest  diirin;:  tL-; 
war  with  Philip.  Some  of  these  were  employed  to  entice  men  from  tne 
enemy's  ranks,  and  they  succeeded  to  a  great  extrnt.  And  hy  tiie  l)r}rimniiJ 
of  Septendi-'r,  !()/(),  about  400  Indians,  from  various  clans  iiu'  and  iirar.  U 
been  induced  to  come  into  Dover.  Among  these  was  /Frt/nm/rt»cf/ and  Ins 
com|)any.  They  came  without  hesitation,  as  they  had  never  bieu  (MI!:ii:'iJ 
in  the  war;  and  many  who  had  been  engaged  in  hostility  came  aloM!.'  «i:!i 
them,  presmuing  they  might  be  ovi-rlookt d  in  the  crowd,  and  so  csicapo  tlio 
vengeance  of  their  enemirs  ;  but  they  were  all  made  prisoners  on  tlie  tit^op- 
temiier  by  a  stratagem  devised  by  si'vi'ral  officers,  who  with  tlieir  nii'ii  liii|'- 
pened  tlieti  to  be  at  Dover  with  Jl'atdron,  nud  somewhat  more  tiian  lialt'm' 
the  whole  were  sold  into  foreign  slavery  or  executed  at  Boston:  about  'M 
were  of  the  former  number. 


VER.       [Book  III 


Cbap. 


VII] 


WANNALANCET  RETIRES  TO  CANADA. 


97 


mg  to  the  Euglisi 


JFannalnnceL  cniild 


flio  stratngem  mado  iiso  of  to  trepan  those  Iiidians  was  as  follows:  It  was 

p,|,o>i<(l  by  the  English  that  they  should  join  with  the  Indians  in  a  training, 

andlii'V'  sliam-fights.     While  pt  rforniing  their  evohitions,  a  movement  was 

made  hy  the  whites,  \\  Iiich  entirely  surrounded  the  Indians,  and  they  were 

all  secured  without  violenee  or  hioodshed. 

On  tlio  3  May,  1()7(),  Thomas  Kimbal  of  Bradf()rd  was  killed,  and  his  Avife 
811(1  five  diihhvn  carried  into  the  wilderness.  From  the  eircumstanee  that 
H'dnnalancet  caused  them  to  he  sent  hoiue  to  flitjir  Iriends  again,  it  would 
gpi,,n  tliat  they  were  taken  oy  some  of  the  enemy  within  his  sachemdom,  or 
livjoiiii'  over  whom  he  had  som<^  control.  From  a  manuscript  written  ahout 
ll'ic  liinc,*  we  are  ahle  to  make  the  following  extract,  which  goes  to  show 
that  WannaUincet  was  ever  the  friend  of  the  Englisii,  anti  also  his  disposition 
toliiinmnc  actions.  Mr.  Cobhet  says,  "though  she  [Mrs.  Kimbnl,]  and  her 
sufkins  child  were  twice  condemned  hy  the  Indians,  and  the  lires  ready 
iinulc  to  burn  them,  yet,  lioth  times,  saved  hy  the  request  of  one  of  their  own 
irramlecs ;  and  afterwards  by  the  intercession  of  the  sachem  of  Pennicook, 
fiirnil  iijt  tiiereunto  by  Major  Wnldron,  was  she  and  her  five  children,  together 
with  Philip  Eastman  of  Haverhill,  taken  captive  when  she  and  her  cMldren 
were,  set  at  liberty,  without  ransom." 

The  400  Indians  surprised  at  Cochecho,  by  Hathome,  Frost,  Sill,  and  Jral- 
ilm,  inrlmled  Wannalancet  with  his  people,  who  did  not  probably  exceed 
lUO.  This  chief,  then,  with  a  lew  of  his  jjcople,  being  set  at  liberty,  was  per- 
fuaded  to  return  to  his  former  residence  at  Naamkeke,  but  he  never  felt  rec- 
oiK'iii'd  here  afterwards,  for  it  had  become  almost  as  another  i)lace:  some 
hiwIcfS  whites  had  seized  upon  his  lands,  and  looked  ujion  him  ^^itll  envious 
fvi's.!u-i though  he  had  been  an  intruder  and  had  no  right  there.  H(;,  however, 
rliiitiiiiied  for  about  a  year  afterwards,  when,  upon  the  10  Septcnd)er,  1()77, 
ho  wati  visited  by  a  party  of  Indians  from  Canada,  who  urged  him  to  accom- 
jiaiivtiieiu  to  their  country.  He  finally  consented,  and  with  all  of  his  people, 
(wri'jit  two,  in  nund)er  about  .lO,  of  whom  not  above  eight  were  men,  «h'j)art- 
ed  tor  Canada,  and  was  not  heard  of  attei\  \ 

It  WHS  on  this  very  same  day,  viz.  19  Se[)tember,  that  a  i)arty  of  Indi/uis  fell 
i!|ion  Hatfield,  the  jtarticulars  of  which  irrui)tion,  though  in  one  view  of  the 
case  does  not  strictly  belong  to  the  life  of  Wannalancet,  we  give  here  in  the 
words  of'Mr.  Hubbard.  \  «  vVbout  Sept.  10th,  40  or  50  Kiver  Indians  §  fell  sud- 
diidy  upon  the  town  of  Hatfield,  whose  iidiabitants  Avero  a  little  too  secure, 
and  ton  ready  to  say  the  bitterness  of  death  was  past,  because  they  had  neither 
seen  nor  heard  of  an  enemy  in  those  |)arts  for  half  <i  year  before.  Hut  at  this 
time,  as  a  considerable  nmnber  of  the  inhabitants  of  that  small  village  were 
emploveil  in  raising  the  frame  of  an  house  without  the  palisadoes,  that  defend- 
ed llieiV  houses  from  any  sudden  incursions  of  the  enemy,  they  were  violent- 
h  (iiul  suddenly  assaulted  by  40  orSOLidians,  whom  they  were  in  no  capacity 
to  resist  or  defend  themselves,  so  as  several  were  shot  down  from  the;  top  of 
the  house  which  they  were  raising,  and  sundry  were  carried  away  captive,  to 
tiic  iimiilHr  of  20  or  more,  which  was  made  u])  24  with  thein  they  carried  away 
thesaiiio  or  (he  next  day  from  Deertield,  whither  some  of  the  inhabitants  had 
inadvisedly  too  soon  returned.  One  of  the  company  escajjcd  out  of  their  ha?id3 
i«o(ir  three  days  after,  who  informed  that  they  had  ])assed  with  their  ])oor 
cajitives  two  or  three  times  over  the  Connecticut  to  prevent  being  ]»ursued." 

At  first  this  attack  was  supposed  to  have  been  made  by  a  party  of  Mohawks, 
acponling  to  Gookin,  because  it  took  j)lace  the  next  day  after  some  of  that 
nation  had  passed  through  the  place  with  some  Christian  Indians  i)risoners, 
and  a  seal'),  which  was  afterwards  found  to  have  been  taken  from  the  heatl 
of  anhulian  ntuned  Josiah  .Yoiiel,]]  near  Sudbury.     But  one  of  the  captives 

*  By  Rev.  T.  ToAM  of  Ipswich. 

t  (iociKis's  MS.  Hi  a.  I'rayiiijj  Indians.  t  Hist.  N.  England,  fi3(). 

^  Tliov  inlinhiiod  rhii  fly  in  New  York  nloii;^  the  Hudson  ;  a  few  in  the  N.  W.  corner  of 
Coiiiu'ciiciit,  and  a  few  on  iho  Housaliinmili  Kiver.  Hotkin's  Memoir  n/'  /lie  Ifoii.td/ininuk 
IiMiiis,\).]. — "  Tiie  Wahini^a,  sonioliinos  callod  Rivor  Indians,  someiimes  Moiiicaiidrrs, 
and  who  had  their  dwellings  iM'tween  iho  west  branch  of  Deiawarn  and  Hudson's  River,  from 
tlie  Kittalinncy  ridge  down  to  the  Rariton."     JeJJ'erson's  Notes,  308. 

I  By  his  death  four  small  ciiildren  were  left  i'aliicrless.     Nnuel  and  James  Seen  had  been 


"e;:.i 


^mm 


i'  i'; , 


''MM 

..•,!;ii#i.v:  ;-u.= 


93 


ASHPELON.— STOCKWELL'S  CAPTIVITY. 


[Cook  III 


taken  nt  Hatfield  escaped,  and  returned  soon  after,  and  reported  tlmttlippdm 
paiiy  of  Indians  tliat  attacked  Hatfield  consisted  of  23  men  and  four  woi,,,., 
and  were  some  of  those  who  had  belonged  to  Philip's  party,  hut  Imd  t,||^, ' 
np  tlieir  residence  in  Canada,  from  wlience  they  made  this  cxpcditj,,,!. 
Another  jiarty  left  Canada  at  the  same  time,  wlio,  after  sepurutiiifr  fr„|||  j|' 
former,  directed  their  course  towards  Merrimack,  and  this  was  the  coiniiiiiiv 
who  persuaded  or  compelled  ff'annalancet  to  go  with  them.  That  lit;  \,\m 
not  by  compulsion  is  very  prol)able  ;  for  the  party  with  whom  he  went  ot] 
"  were  liis  kindred  and  relations,  one  of  them  was  his  wife's  brother,  aiid  \{u 
eldest  son  also  lived  witli  the  French"  in  Canada. f 

While  at  Pawtucket,  mid  not  long  before  his  final  departure,  WnnnaimM 
went  to  the  Reverend  Mr,  Fiske  of  Chelmsford,  and  inquired  of  jiin,  |.„^. 
cerning  the  welfare  of  his  former  acquaintances,  and  whether  tlie  plapi;  i,,,^ 
suffered  much  during  the  war.  Mr.  Fishe  answered  that  they  had  In).,, 
highly  iavored  in  that  respect,  and  for  which  he  thanked  God.  "Mt  iii.j)- 
said  the  chief,  thereby  intimating  that  he  was  conscious  of  having  prevemed 
mischief  from  falling  ujjon  them.  X 

In  1059,  WannalansU  was  thrown  into  prison  for  a  debt  of  about  £45.  jijj 
people,  who  owned  an  island  in  Merrimack  River,  three  miles  above  hn'. 
tuckett  Falls,  containing  GO  acres,  half  of  which  was  under  cultivatidn 
relinquished  it,  to  obtain  liis  release.  About  1C70,  he  removed  to  Pawtiukiit 
Falls,  where,  upon  an  eminence,  he  built  a  fort,  and  resided  until  PhiUp) 
war.  lie  was  about  55  years  of  age  in  1(574;  always  friendly  to  the  EiiBii>ii, 
but  unwilling  to  be  importuned  about  adopting  their  religion.  When  lip  )iaj 
got  to  be  ver)  old,  however,  he  submitted  to  their  desires  in  that  iisiMrt, 
Upon  that  occasion  be  is  reported  to  liave  said,  ^^  J  must  acknowledge  Ihandl 
my  days  been  used  to  pass  in  an  old  canoe,  and  now  you  exhort  me  to  change  aid 
leave  my  old  canoe  and  embark  in  a  new  one,  to  which  I  have  hitlierto  been  mini- 
ing,  but  now  I  yield  up  myself  to  your  advice,  and  enter  into  a  new  cano(,mi 
do  engage  to  pray  to  God  hereafter. 

Reverend  John  Eliot  thus  writts  to  the  Honorable  Robert  Boyle  §  in  Englaiii 


together  but  half  an  hour  before  the  former  was  Ivilled,  and  by  appointment  were  to  have  me: 
again.  But  when  Speen  came  to  the  place,  he  could  find  nothing  of  his  friend.  Tlicywers 
brothers-in-law. 

*  It  seems  from  the  narrative  of  Quinlin  Stockwell,  that  the  party  who  comniliied  ibis 
depredation  was  l(:d  by  a  great  and  magnanimous  sachem  called  ASHPELON,  of  Hbcm, 
further  than  the  events  of  this  inmous  expedition,  I  have  learned  nothing.  "  Scpl.  I'.i,  lb". 
about  sunset,"  says  Stockwell,  "  1  and  another  man  being  together,  the  Indians  wiih  ;rea; 
shouting  and  shooting  came  upon  u:,  [at  Deorticld,]  and  some  other  of  the  English  iianl  hv,  i; 
which  we  ran  to  a  swamp  for  refuge  ;  which  lliey  perceiving,  made  after  us,  and  >l:ni  aiu;, 
three  guns  being  discharged  upon  me.  The  swamp  being  miry  I  slipt  in  and  I'cli  duwi; 
whereupon  an  Indian  slept  to  nie,  widi  tris  hatchet  lifted  up  to  knock  me  on  the  head,  sup- 
posing 1  was  wounded,  and  unfit  for  travel.  It  happened  I  had  a  pistol  in  mv  pockci.  whir; 
though  uncharged,  1  presented  to  him,  who  presently  stept  back,  and  told"  me,  if  Iwciiia 
yield  I  should  have  no  hurt ;  boasted  that  they  had  destroyed  all  Hatfield,  and  that  the  worfi 
were  full  of  Indians  ;  whereupon  I  yielded  myself."  He  was  then  taken  back  to  DccrlieU 
vherc  he  was  pinioned,  and  with  other  captives  marched  into  the  wilderness.  Their  siiS'er- 
ings,  as  usual  in  Indian  captivity,  were  most  cruel  and  severe ;  for  many  nights  tofcihcrtb 
were  "  staked  down  "  to  the  cold  ground,  in  this  manner  :  The  captive  being  laid  upon  m 
back,  his  arms  and  feet  were  e.xlendrd,  and  with  cords  or  withes  lashed  to  stakes  drive: 
into  the  ground  for  that  purpose.  Besides  lashing  the  arms  and  legs,  the  neck  and  hodywert 
also  secured  in  the  same  way,  and  often  so  light  as  to  cause  swelnngs  and  the  most  cvcrio 
ating  pains.  While  on  their  march,  the  captives  had  frequent  opportunities  of  e<fap:n!  i 
singly,  but  would  not,  for  fear  of  endangering  the  lives  of*  the  rest ;  but  at  length /?('i|ici':iij 
Sh'/ihins,  in  a  .journey  with  his  Indian  master  to  VVachuset  hill,  made  his  escape.  Wliemiie 
rest  knew  this,  they  were  for  burning  the  remaining  cE.ptives,  but  some  being  opposed  wife 
measure,  they  agreed  to  have  a  court,  and  debate  the  subject,  Ashpdon  told  liic  Engli-li  r.c; 
to  fear,  for  he  would  speak  last,  and  would  frustrate  the  design  of  burning,  fur  he  would  >ho» 
that  it  was  not  Sffhhins's  fault  for  running  away,  but  the  fault  of  the  Indian  who  had  himia 
charge  ;  and  he  brought  it  to  pass,  as  he  liad  promised.  Having  at  length  arrived  ainoniite 
French,  Ww^K'c// was  pawned  to  one  of  tlicm,  and  in  the  end  sold  for  21  heaver  skins. anl 
some  lime  the  next  vear  got  home  again.     Remarkable  Providences.     lilome's  ylmcnro, -1. 

t   Cookin's  IMS.  I'listory.  %  Allen's  Hist,  ("hclmsfonl,  lu". 

§  For  many  years  a'  the  head  of  the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  among  the  liidiaiii. 
He  was  a  great  benefactor  of  N.  England,  and  one  of  the  foiuiders  of  the  Royal  Socictvoi  | 
Loudon.    He  was  by  birlh  an  Irishman,  but  settled  finally  at  Oxford,  England.    lie  died  iiiLo" 


[Book  hi 

rU'A  that  llip  com. 
nnd  four  woincn 
■ty,  l)Ut  Imd  iiikin 
tliis  expcilitui::,' 
punitiiif,'  IVoiii  tlie 

WUS  tll(i  COlillnuiy 

n.  That  lie  wint 
horn  li<!  wont  nff 
;'8  brother,  and  his 

irttiro,  Wnmakmii 
Hired  of  him  ion- 
ithcr  the  jjlaci!  Imd 
lat  they  iiad  Imp 
God  "Meni'M," 
if  having  prevcutid 

of  about  £45.  }li> 
miles  above  Pnw. 
;  under  cultivaiiiiii, 
lOved  to  PawtiK'kut 
csided  until  PhUifs 
iidly  to  the  Eni!li>li. 
lion.  When  iio  Imil 
ires  in  that  rcsina 
cknowledge  Ihunii 
ort  me  to  chans^t  ak 
hiOierto  been  muA 
Into  a  new  camt,  aU 

i,  Boyle  §  in  Englaiii 


nlmcnt  were  to  liave  me; 
his  friend.    They  mie 

irty  who  cnmniilleii  ikii 
ASHPELON,  of  wU, 
idling.    "Sept.  111.  Ki". 
r,  tiie  Indians  with  grca; 
nl'thc  English  hard  hy,  a; 
after  us,  and  '■''"l  ''"'• 
slipt  in  and  fell  (!u«ii 
»ck  me  on  the  head.  «;p- 
)istol  in  my  pocket,  wfe 
and  told  me,  if  Iwouii 
tfield,  and  that  the  «w'i 
taken  back  toDeciiicii. 
wilderness.    Their  ^uwi- 
nany  nights  topcdicr  tkev 
ptivc  being  laid  upon  v. 
lashed  to  slakes  Ar.w. 
s,  the  neck  and  hody  «ere 
igs  and  the  most  cvodc:- 
>nportunitics  of  e<oafir,! 
;  but  at  length  Ihi''^>' 
dc  his  escape.    \Vlifn;»t 
omc  being  opposed  WW 
wlon  told  the  EnKli-li  r.>: 
urniii"-.  for  he  would  >w« 
le  Indian  who  had  lnm.J 
leinrth  arrived  amoiis'M 
1  for  21  beaver  skui«.  k 
,     Blomr's  AmeriM.  -^-^^ 
Hist.  Chelmsford,  Isi. 
Sospel  among  the  Imi« 


n 


of  the  Royal  Societv  oil 
Ingland.    HediediiiLos 


CHAP' 


VII.] 


WANNALANCET. 


99 


.  ,.j-ij'.__"\Ve  had  a  sachem  of  the  greatest  blood  in  tiie  coinitry  submitted 

'"  |.,,v  to  Got!,  a  little  belbre  the  wars :  bis  name  is   ffanalnuncct :  in  tlio 

' '.(It' tlie  wars  he  fled,  l)y  reason  of  tlie  wieked  actings  of  sonu;  Finglish 

'  "itl:  who  causelessly  and  bast.-ly  killed  and  wotnidcid  some  of  them,     lie 

' '.;  ,,',,itiiiaded  to  come  in  again,     lint  the  Englisii  having  plowed  and  sown 

"  lii  ive  all  their  lands,  they  iiad  but  little  corn  to  sul)sist  by.     A  piu'ty  of 

f 'mil  Iiidiitns,  (of  whom  some  were  of  the  kindred  of  this  sachem's  wife,) 

'    |.,n,iv  fell  tipon  this  peoj)le,  being  but  iew  and  unarmed,  and  jjartly  by 

rsiiiisitiii,  ])artly  by  force,  carried  them  away.     One,   with   Ids  wife,  child 

!llkiii!*wonmn,  who  were  of  our  jiraying  Indians,  made  tluiir  escape,  came 

1,1  tlic  Eiiglii^h,  ami  discovered  what  was  done.    Tiicse  things  keep  some 

■  I  ('111''"""'  <l''*o"**''  '^'"^  jeidousy  of  all  the  Indians."  * 

"it  iiiav  be  proper  to  add  a  word  upon  the  name  of  the  ])liice  which   we 
I      y({i.ii  mentioned  in  this  lile,  as  the  same  word,  diflerentiy  pronounced, 
^^'j,,  „,,|,|iod  to  a  great  many  places  by  the  ladian.s,  and  is  the  same  word 
tfliiili  !)'■•  '•  •'^^"'''*''  "'"'  some  others  made  many  believe  was  made   up  of 
lleiirew  words,  to  prove  that  the  Indians  were  really  the  de'sceiuhmts  of 
till  disiHi'^^ed  Jews ;  but  for  which  purpo.^e,  if  we  arc  not  misinformed,  any 
,tli,r  Indian  word  would  answer  the  siune   i)m'pose.     The  doctor  writes 
iliciiauw  Xahumheik,  mid  adds  that  JValium  signifies  consolation,  and  keik  & 
iiiism,  t"'  Iteaven  ;  and  hence  the  settlers  of  places  bearing  this  name  were 
V  iit'd  in  the  bosom  of  consolation,  f     He  jioints  out  this  etymological  anal- 
11 V  ill  spiaking  of  the  settlement  of  Salem,  which  was  called  by  the  Indians 
Xiaimkeit",  JVamkeg,  jYaamhok,  jYaumkuk,  or  something  a  little  somewiiat 
like  it.   Asarf  bosome  of  consolation,  d\d  it  ])rov(!  in  the  days  of  Tituba,  (to 
sav  iiotliiiig  of  some  more  modern  event.s,)  and  even  in  Dr.  Mather^ s  own 
davs.   [Though  a  digression,  we  shall,  I  doubt  not,  be  pardoned  for  insciling 
liirr  Dr.  C.  Mathet's  account  of  a  ciu'iosity  at  Amoskeag  Falls,  which  be  gave 
in  I  jitter  to  London,  and  which  allerwards  ajjpeared  in  the  Pbilosophical 
Tiiiiisii'tions :  I    "At  a  place  called  Amnuskeag,  a  little  above  the  hideous  § 
fails  of  Mi'iiniack  River,  there  is  a  huge  rock  in  the  midst  of  the  stream,  on 
tlie  lop  of  which  are  a  great  number  of  pits,  made  exactly  roiuid,  like  barrels 
or  liiH'.-lica(l.s  of  difierent  capacities,  some  so  large  as  to  bold  several  tuns. 
Till'  imtives  know  nothing  of  the  time  they  were  made  ;  but  the  neighboring 
Iiiiliaiis  liave  been  wont  to  bide  their  provisions  in  them,  in  their  wars  with  the 
I  Jhiijiiiw ;  affirming,  God  had  cut  tb  ^'n  out  for  that  use  for  them.     They  si.'cm 
iilaiiii.v  to  be  artificial."    It  could  certainly  have  reciuired  no  great  sagacity 
I  to  have  siipposed  that  one  stone  placed  upon  another  in  the  water,  so  as  to 
have  ijeen  constantly  rolled  from  side  to  side  by  the  current,  would,  in  time, 
occasion  such  cavities.    One  quite  as  remarkable  we  have  seen  near  the 
fource  of  this  river,  in  its  descent  from  the  Franconia  Mountains ;  also  upon 
tlie  .Moliawk,  a  short  distance  below  Little  Falls.     They  nmy  be  seen  as  you 
I  pass  upon  the  canal. 
Early  purchases  of  lands  bring  to  our  notice  a  host  of  Indians,  many  of 

lion.  lii'Jl,  aged  til'  years.    The  following  lines  are  no  less  well  conceived  by  the  poet  than 
Idejerved  by  this  benevolent  philosopher ; 

How  much  to  Boyle  the  learned  world  does  owe, 
The  learned  world  does  only  know. 
He  traced  great  nature's  secret  springs  ; 
The  causes  and  the  seeds  of  things  •. 
What  strange  elastic  power  the  air  contains, 
What  mother  earth  secures  within  her  secret  veins. 

Athenian  Oracle,  i.  C7. 
■  1  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  iii.  179. 

R'liilinn  (if  the  Trouhli's,  &c.  20.  Dr.  Increase  Mather  was  the  author  of  a  great  many 
|»orks,  rhierty  sermons,  many  of  which  have  become  cur  .  for  their  singularity,  and  some 
Biliers  valuable  for  the  fads  they  contain.  His  sermons,  like  many  others  of  that  day,  had 
kry  liiile  meaning  in  them,  and  consequently  are  now  forgotten.  He  was  son  of  Richard 
p:!hfi;  preached  in  Boston  above  GO  years,  died  in  1723,  aged  84.  years.  See  his  life,  by  his 
W,  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  who  was  born  12  Feb.  1G62— 3,  died  13  Feb.  1727—8,  aged''G5.  See 
kislifehy  l<{imiiel  Mather. 
;  Vol.  V.  of  Jones's  Abridgement,  part  "   '04. 

^  We  cannot  say  what  thov  were  in  those  days,  but  should  expect  to  be  laughed  at  if  we 
luuld  call  them  hideous  at  the  prcseot  time. 


^^i 


:sM 


^■'HMijH 


mimm 


i>  iU.  :■ 


■<■  i 


100 


\vl:!I\^«)\v^()\vn'.— lumiNuooi). 


Illm 


K    111 


III'Vl 


wlioiii,  llion^Ii  Ni'iclicriis,  hill   lur  sr -li  lirciiiiiHtniHTM  of  tnulc,  woiil,! 
li(i\f  fiuiH'  lu  dill'  I»;i:'\\li'(li;c.     'I'luii'  HIT  Slim  ',  liowcvcr,  <>!"  \>li(iiii  wc  ^iiji 
ill  tliis  cliiiiHi'r  liiKr  ■itilirr,  iis  Midi  iKiliccs  jishIhI  in  ciiiiliiiuu  ns  l<i  |ii(l:;i' 1,,^ 
tlic   iialivcH   r.'f;);i.l(Ml    lliiir  IiiiiiIh,  iiikI   iIh-   Irn'ioritH  of  ihrir  iifij,r||||,i|.j,|„ 

fOlllltlVIIICIl. 


\Vi;il.\\<)V»X()\VI'r  wiis  a  N.-w  lliimiisliirr  sarli.-in,  >vli';sr  i 


iiiiiii' 


h«<i>ii  (Miiisiilcnililv  IiiiikII.'iI    tvitliiii  ii  li'W   vi'iirs,  Iniiii  its  luting;  liiiiiul  | 


11  111.' 
-I'l'llriiKif 


llillt'll-tlllJM'd-dr  iliM'd  «'<>li.i>\iii,<;   lailils   ill    New    I  iaill|iHllil  r    Id  (lie  It 
John  /r/i(</(/';-iifA/,  ami  ntlicis.M  April,  IliMH.     If  lyrlutnDwnoii'il  uiic 
tin*   tnicl   said   to   lia\i'  (it(;i   by    liim  ctiiivt'yrd,  his  "  kiii^'duin"  \\,is 
tliaii  somr  ran  hiiast  of  at   this  diiv  who  rail  lliriiis*<lvi's  l\in;:s.     ||  -. 
t'Kiilain  .'10  miles  siiiiarc,  and  its  liiiiiiularifs  wcrr  iIiiih  di'st  rihnl:  "  l_\iiii.',iiii| 


iiv.vr 


sitiiato  within   tiin-c   inilis  on   tiic   noithcrnt^  sidi;   of  y    Kivrr  M 


''ivin.ik,. 


t'Mrndinjj  thirty  Miilcs  alon;t'  I'V  tli«'  river  (lom  tin'  sea  side,  iiml  lidm  ^\^^ 
sa>d  river  side  to   I'lss'-alanna    I'alenls.  ;!()  miles  n|i  into  the  coiinlicv  iinrili, 


est,  and  so  from  llie  l-ilis  of  l'isratai|iia  to  Oyster  Itiver,  "iO  iniii 


w 


every  \\i\\. 


The  oiifjliial  is  in   itossession  of  S\r.  Jolin  Fiiniitr,  i\{'  (' 


Ti'MMAiMUKiOM  was  a  soim:!"  fi  ilKnioii'iioirll,  t\iii\  his  i 


iiiiiii' 


N.  Il 

to  the  d(M  d  ahove  mentioned;  and  aiiotlii  r  Indian,  heloniiin^'  to  tlmt 
roiinliy,  named  if  itttliinoivct :  these  both  reliininished  tiieir  title  to, 
I'lirrt'd  in  liie  sale  t»f  said  tract. 

KoitiMioonf  was  the  liither  of  ;i   move  noted   chief,  vviiose   Iml 


^i|iiiiri' 

Miriinl, 


lr,ici„i' 
iir  (Ml). 


will   IIIIIII, 


was  Ifohaica,  hut  commonly  known  anion;;-  llie    l'n;:lir-'i   as  llninlKmil, 
territories,  as  will  appear,  were  upon  the  Keiinelieck  Uiver  in  the  tiistsiiili. 
uient  ol'  N.  I'n^land. 

Our  lust  notice  «>f  //o/x'/i/kW  runs  as  follows:  "He  it  known"— "iliinj, 
liiiimiriii,  I  soti  called  liy  my  Iiidi.m  name,  or  Itohiitliinid,  s.ie  cjiHnl  |r, 
I'liifilish  name,  sji^amore  of  iNe^iiissei,  [or  l\e;;:iiasseat!;,|  doe  freely  sell  m, 
Jamtn  Siiiitli"  —  "part  ol' my  land,  he^imiiiifi  alt  IMerry-meetina  ('iniMiiiii 
soe  downwaitl  the  maiiii'  liner  vnto  u  rocke,  called  fyinshivr's  Horke.'mik 
longe  n>ach,  and  in  lireadlh  eastward  oner  tlu;  litth^  riiier,  milium'  thimiji 


inntiii'r,  Urn 


liiii'f, 


tiu'  f;r«'at  mersh,  with  the  priiiiliiljics  [reserved  to  m 
fishiiijr,  and  other  jrames."     Smilli  was  to  pay  liiiii  or  liis  (leiiy,  on  tiic  1  .\ 
MMiiher  animally,  "one  peck  of  Indian  corn."     This  «leed  hears  date  t Ma; 
1(>-18,  anil  is  sifTiicd  uiul  w  itiiossod  an  follows  : — § 


Nkowims  his  —  mark, 
So.NoRKKiioon  his    \'  mark 
and  tii'o  Unirlish. 


KoitiMioon  VJ  his  mark. 
Mr.  TiiosiAH  ^  hlsmnrk. 


PK.\VA'/-K.liSAKK 


Tlie  mark  w^  of  Robi.n 


h 


his  murk. 


Tlni  iioxt  your,  1(>4!1,  he  sold  the  island  of  J«'reiiiyt*qiiam,  on  iIk-  castjiile 


of  the  Kenneheck,  ami  in  1(i")4  we   liiid  him  seilinj;:  I'if*  l»liu"c  of  rcsiil 

which  was  in  what  is  now  Woolwich,  lo  Edward  Hatimnn  and  John  tin 

111  l(i(v},  Rohinhood  is  moiitioiied  as  oiio  ot'  the  principal  chiefs  aiiiuiij; 


ll'lU'f. 

•(iirii, 


fiLstern  Indiai 


In  lti()7,  the  iiiliabitaiits  iiiuiii  Connectioiit  River,  about  Uadley,  siiAiiiitii 
some  injury  from  Indians,  in  their  lands  and  domestic  animals,  and  siitislk- 
tieii  therefor  was  deinaiided  of  Jiobinhood ;  at  the  Ante  time  tliit'at('Miii!;liiii. 
witn  the  utmost  severity,  if  the  liko  should  be  repeated.  I$iit  wlicllirr  lii* 
people  were  the  jti'rpetrators  we  are  not  told  ;  but  from  the  foilowiiiirW 
it  may  be  thought  oMierwiso.  "  To  promote  amity  with  them,  lifciitii'  wi>  a! 
lengtli  given  to  the  traders  in  fur  and  iu  peltries,  to  sell  uuto  /;irf(«;i  /rieiual 


Chac.  VI!. I 

pina  and  mii 
Hiinlc,  "  liy  " 
lioliri'. 

On  tlie  lire 
ti.  jnin  ill  it,  I 
llii'  li'i'lings  (I 
Millars  iind  slid 
(iiiniiinttiiii  \h 

MllXil  I.VK, 
Kciilirlieck  Ki 
>iili's  of  said  i 
sill'  liiire  dati 
knitilit."  Tlie 
Tmiitir,  tlie 
IMfwd,  /'add 

IWWKHIM   H 

w'lii'i'k  Kiver 
iiiiin's  dl'  lliis  II 
Vvrr  so  calltid 
i«i'('ilfiiii,  liowi 
|iiir(iM('iiiiHly    \v 
riilrnlcd  tJK!  la 
I'liiii'il  in  his  HI 
!    Ill'  "^iilil  to  Chri 
lii;;ii  as  Tacoiiin 
'•liii'f  Kmininas 
.s'liMc  linii',  lie  s( 
ri'sidi'iici'  (if  Kci 
:li.it  "!'  ,'Miiriid< 
till'  iiortlirrii  lior 
"f  AhhiittiiUtssd  i 
Mn  Davi/.  n  xvrj 
Wi'  sliull  proc 
l.ili'  li;is  long  siiK 
^■■^'niif  time  pn 
I'ti'i.  flicre  reside 
wii'  /iani('<| 

''IKICORUA,  aiK 

Till!*  region  vvas 
'''"nil  in  its  pellii 
I'liiiiifiij  gaiiK!. 
"I  tills  region,  mi 
"itii  DtJiers  of  hi; 
s'^litaiy  man  had 
■ijiil  sliot.     The  V. 
fcliest  iiioiintaii 
fm  of  siirroiii 
MS  n|)|)eared  in 
!  retrwit. 

I    'Msafiict  wel 

I  cattle  cannot  loii<r 

""  'liut  is  iiecessu 


*  IMS.  conuiumicalion  ol'ihal  goiillcman. 

■f  'I'liis  name  %\as  ailojitod,  1  liavo  no  iloubt,  as  il  came  soincliiing'  near  llie  soumi  ofcji 
Indian  nanio,  as  was  iho  case  in  several  inslanees  vvliieii  we  liave  already  reenrdocl;  I'n'  ■ 
English  robber  ol"  lliat  name,  or  fables  coneerniiig  him,  are  among  ihe  lirst  iu  the  iiawn.! 
Even  ai  tliis  dav,  ihe  curious  adult  will  disjicnsc  with  Mr.  liUson's  colleclious  of  lcgeuiijcci>l 
•crniiig  him  wiili  peculiar  regret. 

i  The  same.  I  suppose,  called  in  S'lllivan's  Ilisl.  Rogomok. 

0  From  a  nutiiuscript  copy  of  ihc  original  deed. 

y  By  Jossclyn,  who  visiieii  ihe  coiuiiry  at  lliis  time.    See  his  Voyages, 


*  jyHlianisoti's  Ma 
'  'I  .i|i|iears  from  tl 

[  >">'!iK  was  also  one 

■'"'""""•'■'7««  in  our  n 

.  f.opeofPlimoui 

[  ^c,  rijWmh  under  Uie  c 

l,i^'g"'«'-"'«»n,  i.  33j 

9» 


_^^ 


■(  (u'liY',  on  till"  I  N'l- 
h1  bravs  tlate  t  May, 


("HAP. 


VII. 


KKNNKniH.— CIlOCOtUJA. 


101 


,„  ,„),/  ammunition."  *  IIciiim'  tlicsn /ricm/.f  roiilil  nrv,  no  ri-asnii,  allcr- 
uiiriLs  >vliy  ai'iiiH  W(M'i!  |H'()hil)it)'(l  tlitwii,  uh  wo  uliall  apiiii  liavu  u«;i;a.HiuM  tu 

lldticc,  .  .  ,  _  • 

Oil  tlic  liri-akiiig  out  (tf  y/ii/i//.*  war,  Holiinltood  was  in  no  wisr  iiidititMl 
t(,  uiiii  ill  it,  i"i<l  "licii  a  |iarl_v  <tl'  I'lifrlisli  wa.s  sent  at  that  limr  to  learn 
ill,  li'i'lin;;.'^  <•!'  Iii^^  |)ri>|i|c  in  tliat  n'H|H>c(,  li<>  nttulc  a  irrrat  (lam-r,  anti  l>y 
s„ii:.'stiii<l  slioiit.s  r.\|ircsH('(l  liis  HatiHliu  lion  that  tlio  Mn;r|iNli  wrn;  (liH|i(>.s(!(l 
(I,  iiiiiinliiiii  pimcr. 

Miix^iiM'^  " alias  JVtiUthanndn,  llic  son  of  old  A'fj/f/KWHiW/,  Haj;anior«!  of 
Kriiiirlii'f'k  Kivrr,"  w>l"l  to  lyUliitm  Itnidfonl  i\\h\  otjicrs,  all  tlic  land  on  liotli 
.jilrs  III' saiil  iiviT,  "from  ('iissfiiockn  iipwanls  to  Wi'sscriinHickc."  Tliis 
,;,!,,  Iiorc  (lafi!  H  Aiijuiist,  l(>IH.  'I'lii'  siffnatiirr  is  ".Ifo/K/i/i'/i/',  alias  Dnin- 
hmitilii."  'I'Im'ii  liillows:  "  VVf,  Jlv;(iilon(k)iut<<;o,  tin;  soiiiic  of  IVmshviiitll,  and 
Tnmcki,  tlic  liioilicr  of  ^V)//«/i/j»«(/(/, f  do  conHniit  fnsuly  unto  tin;  nalo  to 
limilliirtl,  I'lM/,  and  olli('rs."t 

K(  vNKiiis  was  a  saciicni  from  whom  it  lias  h«'(!n  HU|i|ios*'d  that  tho  Kv.u- 
i,i.|m.i|<  jjivcr  derived  its  name,  lint  wliellier  tliern  wv.iv  a  line  of  sa^'a- 
iii,i|.(.s  (pf  tliis  name,  from  whom  the  river  was  so  called,  <ir  whether  sachemH 
;vir(' !<o  <')ill*'d  ti-(/in  their  living  at  a  certain  place  upon  it,  is  uncertain.  It 
Mirtiiiii,  however,  that  there  was  niw  of  this  name  residing,'  there,  eontem- 
niiriiiii'iiiiHly  with  Hi>l)iiih()tnt,  who,  iiesides  several  others,  deeded  and 
ri'ili'i'ili'il  the  lands  ii]>  and  down  in  the  conntry.  Hi;  was  sometimes  asso- 
iiiiicil  in  Ills  sales  with  Jihhifritilassd,  and  sometimes  with  others.  In  HM!>, 
|ii.  siilit  til  VhriitlopluT  LmvsoH  all  the  land  on  the  Kemiidieck  Kiver  up  an 
liii;li  iis  Tariiniiet  tiills,  now  VVinslow,  which  was  thi!  residence  of  the  great 
iliiif  EmminnsniKt,  or  Jlssiininitsijua,  elsewhere  mentioned.  About  tluj 
siiiiii' liiiie,  lit!  sold  the  same  tract,  or  a  part  of  it,  to  Niiencer  and  Clark.  Tiio 
nsidiiicc  of  Kcnnchi.i  was  npon  Swan  Island,  "in  a  (ielif,ditfiil  situation,  and 
:liiit  1)1'  ,'ihl>ii!;itil(ts,icl  between  a  rivi-r  of  his  nanx!  imd  tln!  Kciiinebeck,  upon 
llic  iimllicrii  borders  of  JMerrv-meetin<;  |{ay."§  Swan  Island  was  purchased 
ii(  ,M)!rwln.<isd  i\\  l()()7,  by  flumphrij  Oavic,  mu\  allcrwards  claimed  by  Sir 
John  Ihvji.  n  serjount  at  law.  |( 

UV  .xliiili  proceed  to  notice  here  one,  of  another  nj^o,  wJioso  nicluncholy 
fate  liJi.s  loiijj  since  commanded  the  attention  of  writers. 

Soiiii'  tiiiie  previous  to  tins  settlement  of  Hiirtoii,  N.  II.,  that  is,  prcvions  to 
l'iii>,  there  resided  in  that  rejj[iuM  u  umall  tribe  of  Indians,  among  whom  way 
one  iiiiiikmI 

Choi  ORUA,  and  be  was  the  last  of  the  primitives  of  those  romimtic  scenes. 
Tliix  icfjiiiii  was  attracting  to  them  on  acconnt  of  the  beaver  which  were 
Iniiiii!  ill  its  pellucid  waters,  and  its  c!agg<Ml  cHHm  afforded  salt;  retreats  to  u 
|iliiiiitiil  game.  It  is  banded  to  lis  by  tradition,  that  Chocorua  was  the  last 
of  tills  region,  luid  that  be  was  murdered  l>y  a  miseralde  wbitt;  hunter,  who, 
with  otliers  of  his  complexion,  bad  wamhired  lujre  in  tpuist  <<f  gam«!.  This 
solitary  inun  hud  retired  to  a  nciighboring  mountain,  and  was  there  discovered 
ami  shot.  The  eminence  to  which  it  is  said  this  Indian  Jiad  retired,  is  the 
liiL'lii'st  inoniitaiii  in  Burton,  and  commands  a  bi^anfifiil  view  of  a  gn.'ut 
extent  of  surrounding  country.  One  of  the  ni(>st  su|H'rb  engravings  that 
lias  appeared  in  all  our  annuals,  is  that  representing  Chocorua  in  bis  last 
retreat. 

It  is  11  fact  well  known  in  all  the  neighboring  jmrts  of  the  country,  that 
cattle  cainiot  long  survive  in  Burton,  althoiis,'li  there  appears  abundance  of 
all  that  is  necessary  for  their  support.     They  lose  their  appetite,  pine  and 


*  Wlliamso7t's  Maine,  i.  428,  from  3  Mass.  Rec. 

t  Ii  appears  from  the  "  Ar-noer  to  tlie  Reimtrks  of  the  Plijmoitth  Compavy,"  that  Es.seme- 
j  ^osiii  K  was  also  one  timt  consented  lo  the  saJe.  lie  is  liie  same  wliom  we  shall  notice  as 
\  .Uimimi.s-qiia  in  our  next  clinpter. 

!  I'i'ople  of  Plimouth. —  William  PaJdi/  died  at  Boston.  His  gravestone  was  dug  out  of 
I  llio  nilihisli  under  the  old  slate-house  in  ISM. 

i  Williamson,  i.  461. 
,.}.  "''W"«iso/i,  i.  331.    Dr.  Holmes,  in  liis  Annals,  places  the  sale  of  Swan  Island  under 

9* 


lim 


-3. 


.'♦::: 


102 


SUUANDO.— BURNING  Ol-   SACO. 


[Book  III. 


die.  It  in  said  tliat  Choronut  ciii-scd  the  Eiijjlisli  bclbn;  lie  expired,  and  the 
8iij)er.stiti()iis,  to  this  day,  attiilMite  the  (hsease  of  cattle  to  th(!  cnisc  of  (\, 
corun.  iV^t  a  iiiii(di  iimrc  rational  oiin,  wc  uppreiiciid,  will  he  found  in  tL 
ailectioii  ul'  the  waters  hy  iiiiiieruls. 


9igte 


CHAl'Ti:il  VUI. 

Suv.KSVO,  sachrm  of  Snco — Mtiicks  the  toirn  of  Suco — Sin^ulm  acrouiit  of  hinlnn 
conUwiioriinj — Tlir.  ill  ireatmv.nl  vfhin  inife  u  rauscof  irur — lliskuouinitij  in  f,,f,„. 
hi<r  a  ni/itice — Madok awando — Caiisrs  of  his  liusliHtij  —  Assiminashia— //, 
S])v.reli — Sprrch  of  TAiuMiiiN — Mrofi — Is  carriid  lu  Boston  to  txrctitf.  a  /hy////-/^ 
Mtidokawuiido's  amimssador — llrlidsr  of  Thomas  Cohhit — .Mudokuwnndo's  lundni^i 
to  prisoners — M»\<  s  attiichs  Wells  anil,  is  heutcii  off — Atttickr.d  the  nejt  ijeurhntii 
Indians  under  Madolcaininn'o  and  ii  company  of  Freiirhmen — .ire  repuhul  'ir,>j^ 
great  loss — Incidents  (f  the  slrire~-M)ns.  Castrin,. — .7  further  areonnt  of  Mnjug^ 
Wanungonet — AssACoMHi  IT — Farther  acrount  of  Mai;ir — His  di'atli—.i^^^,,:^ 
Andkew,  Jeokfuev,  Fetkk  and  Joseimi — .'kcount  if  their  deprtdations~l.:ir„i 
Kankamaous — Trcutci'.  icith  vesrieet — flics  his  country — Ificomcs  an  turmii- 
Surprise  of  Dover  and  murder  of  Maj.  Waldron  —  Masandovvkt — Wokhmhm- 
His  fort  captured  by  Church — Kanliumairus's  wife  and  children  taken — Hoi'kiiii,j|i_ 
Conspiawus  in  the  massacre  at  Hahnuit  Falls — His  death — Mattauamju- 
Megunnlwav. 

The  first  chief  which  will  here  he  properly  noticed  is  Sq\inndo,  a  Tar- 
ratine,  sachem  of  the  Socokis,  conimoniy  called  sa^minore  of  Saco.  IMs 
mentioned  with  a  good  deal  of  si-^gularity  by  the  writers  of  his  times.  Ami 
we  will  here,  by  way  of  exordium,  extract  what  Mr.  JWaWer,  in  liis  liRn,- 
HisTORY,  &c.,  says  of  him.  "After  this,  [the  burning  of  Casco,]  tlu'\  [the 
Indians]  set  upon  Saco,  where  they  slew  13  men,  and  at  last  burnt  tin  "lowi,, 
A  principal  .actor  in  the  destruction  of  Saco  was  a  strange  enthusiaslicnl  man- 
more  called  Squando,  who,  some  yeara  ijeibre,  pretended  that  God  apiicuriil 
to  !iini  in  the  form  of  a  tall  man,  ui  black  clothes,  declaring  to  iiiiutlwilip 
was  God,  and  cof.imanded  him  to  leave  his  drinking  of  strong  li(Hlnr^',  iinl 
to  j)ray,  and  to  keep  sabbaths,  and  to  go  to  hear  the  i,vord  iireaclicd;  ;ili 
whidi  things  the  Indian  did  for  some  years,  with  great  seeming  (Icvdriiii 
aiid  conscience,  oi)serve.  But  the  God  which  appeared  to  iiim  said  iiotliiiii! 
to  him  about  Jesu3  Ch,isi ;  nid  therefore  it  is  not  to  be  marvelled  at,  tliiitai 
last  he  discovered  himself  to  be  no  otherwise  than  a  child  of  him  that  .,,5 
a  murderer  and  a  liar  from  the  beginning."  Mr.  Hubbard  says  that  ho  was 
"the  chief  actor  or  rather  the  beginner"  of  the  eastern  war  of  KJ/")— <i; 
but  rather  co  iradicts  the  statement,  as  we  apprehend,  in  the  same  jmra- 

fraph,  by  attributing  the  same  cavM  to  the  "  rude  and  indiscrete  act  of  some 
InglJsh  seamen,"  who  either  for  mischief  overset  a  canoe  in  wliicli  was 
Sqtmndo's  wife  and  child,  or  to  see  if  young  Indians  could  swim  iiatiiraliy 
like  animals  of  the  brute  creation,  aa  some  had  reported.  *  The  child  wciii 
to  the  bottom,  but  was  saved  from  drowning  by  the  mother's  diving  down 
and  bringing  it  tip,  yet  "within  a  while  alter  the  said  child  died."  "Tlio 
said  Sqiiando,  father  of  the  child,  hath  been  so  i)rovoked  thereat,  that  lie  liatli 
ever  since  set  himself  to  do  aU  the  mischief  he  can  to  the  English."  Tin 
whites  did  not  believe  that  the  death  of  the  child  was  owing  to  its  iiiiiii. 
sion ;  still  we  must  allow  the  Indians  to  knov/  as  well  as  they.  As  tiif 
most  metnorable  exploit  in  which  Sqiiando  was  engaged  was  the  Imnilns 
of  Saco,  it  will  be  pro[)er  to  enter  livro  more  in  detail  into  it.  The  two  piiii- 
cipal  inhabitants  of  the  ])lace  were  Captain  Bonithon  and  Major  Philhfi 
whose  dwellings  were  situated  on  opposite  sides  of  Saco  River ;  the  former 
on  the  east  and  the  1  itter  on  the  west.  On  18  September,  1675,  Captain  Won- 
Uhoii's  house  was  discovered  to  bo  on  fire,  but  himself  and  family  had  jusi 

*  "  Thfiy  can  swim  naturally,  s..ikinuf  their  paws  under  their  throat  like  a  dog,  auJ  mi 
spreading  their  arms  as  we  do."    Josselyn's  Voyage  to  N.  E.  142. 


**T'    «  '  .  ■'• 


[Hook  111. 

!X|iinMl,  and  the 
i(>  iMirisf  of  (V 
DC  Iburnl  ill  iii^ 


Cmai- 


VIH. 


nURNINO  OF  SACO. 


108 


rcuunt  of  him  hj  a 
kumuiiihi  in  nthr. 

.SSIMINAMU  V— j/,j 

fXrrtiU  II  Iriuhj—ij 
kinciiniln's  liimlniss 
'  thv,  iiift  iji'inhiiil,, 
-Jirr  ri'/iulsril  V/';, 
arroiint  of  Mmiis- 
Uis  //(«//(— Svii'.v. 
jireiliitidiis — IJi'r  ,/f 
t comes  an  enrmih- 

)WKT — WiilliiMlVr- 

itlicn — Hoi'KiKwii- 
h — Mattaiianuu- 


s  Squando,  a.  Tat- 
re  of  Siifo.    Ill  is 
:)t'  his  times.    Ami 
tlher,  ill  liis  IiRitr 
r  Ciisco,]  tlH'\  [the 
list  burnt  tiic  tuwii, 
enthusiasliml  si^n- 
[tliut  God  apiiciiml 
i'.ig  to  liiiu  tlmtlic 
dtrong  rKHinrs,.uii| 
voi'd  i)reiicii('(l ;  ;\li 
soeiiiiiij,'  (ii'Vdiii'ii 
D  liiiii  said  iiothiiii! 
iiurvelled  at,  tliaUl 
(I  of  him  that  ■  .5 
\d  says  tliat  ho  was 
In  wur  of  lOTo-Ji: 
in  tlie  same  piira- 
liscrete  act  ot'  mi(. 
moe  in  which  was 
mid  swim  naturally 
*     The  cliild  went 
jther's  (hviiig  duwn 
ehihl  died."    "The 
hercat,  tliat  he  liatli 
;he  Euglisli."  Tlif 
)wing  to  its  iimii 
fl  as  they.    A;;  the 
Id  was  the  hiiruin! 
it.    The  t\v(i  i^iu- 
xiid  Major  P/iil'f' 
,  River ;  the  former 
1075,  Captain  ifon- 
Ind  family  Imd  j»it 

Lai  like  o  dog,  and  «• 


'■»fore  C8Cii|>f"l  arrows  tlie  river  to  Major  IMiillipV,  and  thiiH  lorliinately  de- 
.■  ,,,,1  a  part  of  the  drniuii  of  their  enemies.  I'or  this  fdrtiiiiate  eseajic, 
liinvrver,  they  were  under  (hiep   (»hlif.'alion  to  a  friendly   Indian  who  fived 

,„.  |,v;ht!  having;  lieeii  some  how  made  ae<|iiainted  with  the  design  of 
^miinhi,  ''iiiiie(hate|y  imparted  his  inli>rmatioii  to  the  Knglish. 

Tlif  '''re  of  IJoiiithoirs  house,  says  Mr.  tltthbiml,'^  was  to  them  [at  PhilH/m^s 
'iirrifi'i')]  "**  t'"'  '''ing  ot'a  Iteueon,"  whieli  t;ave  them  "tiiiu;  to  look  to  th*;m- 
![i  Ives"  A  sentinel  in  the  ehamher  soon  gnvi'  notiee  that  lie  saw  an  Indian  near 
itliaii(i,iiiid  .Major  Pkillljiii  g<niig  into  the  top  of  the  Jioiisi^  to  mal«?  liirther 
jl.rovi'iy,  received  a  slio'  in  the  siioiilder;  hut  it  proved  to  he  only  a  tlesli 
wmiml.  Knowing  I'liillips,  and  siipjiosing  him  lo  hi!  slain,  the  Indiana 
piisi'il  II  great  shout,  and  instJintly  diseovi-red  themselves  on  all  sides  of  tlio 
'iirri^'iiii ;  liut  the  English,  heing  well  pr.'|iiu-ed,  fu'ed  upon  them  from  all 
(iiiaitcrs  of  thtiir  works,  killing  some  and  wounding  others.  Among  the 
liilitr  was  a  ehicd'  who  died  in  his  retreat,  three  or  four  miles  from  the  plaee. 
||i'iiilvir<:d  his  lellows  to  di-sist  from  the  eiiter|)riHe,  hut  thcsy  reliised,  and 
^tiHitiiitinuiiig  the  siege  for  about  lui  hour  longer,  they  began  to  devise 
.diiii'  iiii'iiiis  to  set  the  garrison  on  fire,  lint  in  order  to  draw  out  the  men 
fniiii  it  ill  tli(!  hrst  jilaee,  tli(;y  set  a  house  un  tire  near  it,  and  also  a  stiw  iind 
prist  iiiiil ;  that  not  having  the  desired  effciet,  they  ealled  to  them  in  tin 
Miiltinjr  tone,  and  said,  "  You  cowardly  English  dogs,  come  out  and  put  out  the. 

Tiipattuek  hud  begun  alioiit  11  n'cloek  in  the  day,  and  though  the  night 
narlialiy  put  an  end  to  it,  y<!t  the  English  were  alurined  every  lialf  hour, 
iiiiiil  aliout  four  or  five  o'clock  in  the  morning,  when  the  work  of  the  jireced- 
iiijriiiirht  discovered  itself.  A  noise  of  axes  and  otiier  tools  hud  been  heard 
ill  thi' iifiglihorhood  of  the  saw-mill,  and  it  was  expected  the  Indians  were 
jircpaiiiii,'  some  engine  with  wiiieh  to  accomplish  their  object,  and  it  jirovcid 
true.  .\  curt  with  four  wheels  bad  been  constriieted,  and  on  one  end  they 
Imd  erected  a  breastwork,  while  the  body  of  the  cart  was  tilled  Avitli  birch, 
straw,  jiowder,  and  such  like  matters  ibi  the  ready  eoiisimunation  f)f  tlu.'ir 
strtitmreia.  The  approach  of  this  formidable  machine  dismayed  some  of 
the  Kiiirlishiiien  in  the  garrison  ;  but  being  encouraged  by  their  otlicers,  they 
stood  tu  tlieir  quarters,  and  awaited  its  approach.  Their  onhirs  w(!re  not  to 
lire  imiil  it  came  within  pistol  shot.  When  it  had  got  within  about  that 
distance,  one  cf  the  wheels  stuck  fast  in  a  gutter,  which  its  impcdlers  not 
objierving  in  season,  they  longed  the  other  wheels  onwani,  and  brought  thein- 
silve.-.  into  a  position  to  be  eff'ectuully  ruked  by  the  right  Hunk  of  the  garri- 
smi.  This  mistake  of  the  enemy  was  improved  to  great  advantage  by  the 
Eni;li!<h.  They  poured  in  a  sudden  lire  upon  them,  killing  six  and  wound- 
I'l;'  I.")  more.  This  sudden  and  unexpected  reverse  decided  the  fate  of  the 
L'arrison.  The  Indians  immediately  retreated,  and  the  garrison  received  no 
liirilicr  molestation. 

As  was  generally  the  case  in  sieges  of  this  kind,  the  EngliBh  learned  what 
(laiiia;re  they  did  their  enemy,  their  nuinbens,  &c.,  some  time  alter  the  affair 
liajijieiied.  In  this  case,  however,  nothing  more  is  related  concerning  the  los.s 
ot'tlie  Indiiuis  than  we  have  given,  and  theii  nui/ibers  Mr.  Hubbard  does  not 
e\|irtssly  state,  but  says  the  peojile  in  the  garrison  "espied  40  of  them 
marcliiag  away  the  next  morning  at  sunrise,  but  how  many  more  were  in 
llicir  eonipuiiy  they  could  not  tell."  *  There  were  50  persons  in  the  garri- 
son, thmigli  hut  15  of  them  were  able  to  act  in  its  delencc. 

Kilt  lew  days  belbre  the  affair  at  Saco,  viz.  on  12  \  September,  the  family  of 
Thonmx  Hakctif  at  Presumpscot  River  were  massacred  in  a  revolting  manner. 
Tlie  "  (dd  man,"  his  son,  and  his  daughter-in-law,  then  enfcm^p,  with  three 

j  grandchildren,  were  all  murdered,  and  when  discovered  by  their  neighbors, 
partly  burned  in  the  ruins  of  their  habitation,  to  which  the  Indians  had  set 
tire  on  leaving  the  plac<'.  One  of  the  faitiily  was  tnken  cajitive,  a  girl  about 
11  years  old,  who,  alter  having  passed  through  all  the  trdies  from  the  Sokokia 

j  to  the  Narrugansets,  was  restored  to  the  English  at  Dover  by  Squando.    But 


*  Mr.  Fohom,  Hist.  Saoo  and  IVuldeford,  155,  says  they  were  computed  at  100. 
t  Williamson's  Hist.  Maine,  i.  520. 


>'lii 


:  'if '7 


ft   i*-4^  f'-'-ir  y'mi 


I  ...'•» 


4  f  j:J,  ^i  >j 


id 


104 


M.VDOK.WVANDO. 


[Hmh    III 


it  (Iocs  not  appear  \\lii'tlit'r  this  ('liifl' liail  any  tiling;  iiirtliir  to  do  jn  ,[,, 
inattrr,  alllioii^li  it  may  Ix'  inli'irctl,  iliat  li*>  liad  >onir  rontrol  oi  ('(iiiii„|,|,j 
«)\rr  tlior^v  tliat  lu'lil  licr  priHoni'i'.  l''i-orn  tlitj  circnnistanct;  that  ilii^  (.|,j|,| 
\>a.s  .sliown  to  til*;  lioHtili;  irilicM  throii^li  tli*>  conntry,  it  would  st-t-ni  ilim  i|„. 
oantnn  IndiaiiH  were  in  eoncert  with  llio«e  to  the  wewl  ;  and  it  is  prolml,!,, 
tiint  tliis  captive  waH  thus  exiiiliiied  to  prove  tliat  tliey  liad  taken  im  d,, 
liutelu.'t.  I  poll  lier  l)eiiij;  retnrned,  Mr.  lluUmrd  remarks,  "  Shti  liaNinj;  |,|.,| 
carried  up  and  down  tlie  eonntry,  Nonie  linndredM  of  miles,  as  liu-  ii!<  \m:[. 
ganset  (ovt,  was,  this  last  June,  returned  haek  t<t  IMajor  fyatdron's  h\  m,, 
^VyiffDu/o,  tiie  sajramore  ot"  rtaeo  ;  a  strun^e  mixture  of  inerey  andiriii'lu  • 
And  the  historian  of  Maine  ohserves,  tlii.t  iiis  "  eonduet  exhihited  at  liillciint 
times  sucli  traits  of  ernelty  and  eonij)assion,  as  rendered  Ids  rimriHiir 
ditfieiilt  to  he  portrayed." 

lie  was  a  ffreat  powwow,  and  acted  in  concert  witli  Madokawmuln.  Tins 
two  chiefs  "are  said  to  lie,  hy  tiiem  tliat  know  them,  a  strange  kind  ot' mdr. 
ali/.ed  savages ;  frruve  and  serious  iti  tluiir  speech  anti  earriajre,  iiml  i,,,, 
without  some  sliow  of  a  kind  of  religion,  which  no  donht  hut  thiv  Im^p 
learned  Irom  the  prince  of  darkness."  In  another  place,  Mr.  y/i(W((n/|.|||, 
liim  an  "  enthusiastical,  or  rather  diuholical  miscreant."  His  ahililiis  in  w,,; 
gained  him  this  e])ithet. 

MAi)OKAWA.\no,  of  whom  wc  have  just  made  mention,  was  ch'tf  ii|'i|„, 
renohseot  trihe.  He  was  the  adopted  son  of  a  chief  hy  tlu!  iiaiiie  oij,,,,. 
viinasijua.  Some  mischief  had  heen  done  hy  the  Androscoggin  iiiiliaii>  m 
PhUijPs  war,  and  the  Knglisli,  following  the  example  of  those  wlioin  il,,  v 
tso  much  rc])rol)ated,  retaliated  on  any  Indians  that  tell  in  their  way. 

JMndokitwmido  was  not  an  enemy,  nor  do  we  learn  that  his  people  ||,„| 
committed  any  depredations,  until  uller  some  English  spoiled  his  cum,  umI 
otherwise  did  him  damage. 

Many  of  the  eastern  Indians  had  been  kidnai)ped  and  sold  for  slau*, 
about  the  time  Philip's  war  commenced.  This,  it  will  not  he  (|ii(sti(iiiiil, 
was  enough  to  cause  a  war,  without  Philip's  instigation,  or  the  atlroiitdtiiinl 
to  the  wile  and  child  of  Squando.  The  English  had  prohibited  the  sali'  nf 
arms  and  amminiition  to  them,  as  they  had  bet()rc  to  the  western  iiilps, 
as  a  ineuiis  of  lessening  their  power,  provided  they  should  declare  tlicinstKvs 
hostile  ;  thus  j)roperly  regarding  their  own  safety,  and  totally  disn^'iinl- 
ing  w  hatever  evils  might  accrue  from  the  measure  to  the  Indians.  Kmrnnn; 
enough  had  heen  done  to  excite  their  resentment,  agents  were  sent  td  piirliv 
with  them,  in  the  spring  and  summer  of  IG70,  to  hinder,  if  jHJSsible,  iluir 
taking  ofleiice  at  these  proceedings. 

Bleanwhile  the  liidians  had  complained  to  some  friendly  English  nl'ilie 
outrage  upon  their  triends,  who  were  unacquainted  with  the  circiinistiiMif, 
and  hardly  believed  it ;  still,  told  the  Indians,  that  il"  it  were  so,  tlmsi'  kid- 
nap|)ed  should  he  restored,  and  the  perpetrators  ])unished.  lint  kiiimin: 
the  circumstance  to  be  as  they  had  re])resented,  it  is  rather  manellonsiliiii 
Indians,  instead  of  at  once  retaliating,  shoidd  hearken  to  unsatisfnctoiv  par- 
leyiiigs,  as  will  a|)|)ear ;  lor  when  the  English  agents  went  to  treat  with  tlinii, 
or  rather  to  excuse  themselves  Ibr  what  they  could  not,  or  pretended  tlipy  coiilJ 
not,  amend,  the  Indians,  in  the  c((urse  of  the  interview,  said,  " //e  af/frfrirm 
from  our  com  last  year  hy  the  people  about  Kenneheck,  and  many  of  ns  died,  "f 
hud  no  powder  and  shot  to  kill  venison  and  fowl  vnth  to  prevent  it.  If  you  EnsUf'i' 
tvcre  our  friends,  as  you  pretend  you  are,  you  woidd  not  suffer  us  to  starve  ns  we  did" 
"  However,"  says  Mr.  Hubbard,  "  the  said  agent,  makins;  the  best  he  could nj'u  W 
catise,  used  all  means  to  pacify  the  complainants.^^  The  gi'eat  "a//  means"  «a<, 
that  they  should  try  to  get  the  Androscoggin  Indians  to  come  and  hold  a  tniibj'. 
so  that  if  the  English  (lould  effect  a  treaty  with  them,  then  there  woiiiil  lea 
general  peace  with  the  eastern  Indians.  This  talk,  it  was  said,  tliey  rei ii\eJ 
with  joy.  "Yet,"  adds  the  same  author,  still  by  one  liital  accident  onithtr. 
jealousies  still  seemed  to  increase  in  their  minds,  or  else  the  former  injuries 
began  to  boil  afresh  in  their  spirits,  as  not  being  easily  digested,"  \i'. 

A  meeting  had  been  agreed  upon  at  Totononn'ock,  or  TaconiiPt,  ami 
immediately  after  the  meeting  just  mentioned  a  runner  was  sent  down  trmii 
thence,  with  word  that  Squando  would  be  there  with  "  divers  Anioiioscoj;gaD 


ornor;  "some 


ndly  English  of  ilie 
1  tlic  circuiiisiiiiiie, 
were  so,  tliose  kid- 
<lie(l.     Hut  kiiowin; 
ther  intinellous, iliai 
inisatistiictory  inu- 
n  to  treat  with  llii'w. 
(reiendedthpycnulJ 
iaid,  "  he  umdrim 
many  of  us  died,    "f 
ntii.    7/"i/o!(  L'lie'i'i 
ts  to  starve  ns  m  Si' 
e  best  he  could  nfaU 
■eut"a//  meff)i«""ii^ 
me  and  hold  a  tmhj: 
leii  tliere  would  I'PS 
iw  said,  they  recciuJ 
tal  accident  or  ntliiT. 
e  the  Inrnier  injuries 
igested,"  ^.  ;'• 
c,  or  Taconiiot,  ami 
was  sent  down  l'r''iii 
ivers  AnioiioscoggM 


('HA'' 


Vlll] 


MADOKAWANDO. 


Iftj 


l,Mi' 

,1  *l 


•iidi<'iii''t''  '^fi'^'  '"'viiiU  !"'«»  HiMit  aH  a  iiicHHenjrnr  tn  liiiii.  Accordingly  ilio 
rliKh  nriicceded  to  'I'licorniet.  On  their  arrival,  they  were  h()niire<l  uiili 
jii>c.  Mild  coiidiicled  into  the  I'diincii  house,  where  they  loinid  .Mii'lukn- 
iln  .hsimliKi.tiiinh  'l^ininiliin,  lliijuhoDil.,  .Mmsv:,  and  many  atleiidaiits. 
\iihkii(fiin(lo  was  orime  net'otiatur,  and  .hsiininn.viiia  chief  speaker,  who 
.iKiii  Miter  proceeihid  to  make  a  speech,  and  amoiiu  other  tliiii;.'H  s.iid, — 

"  //  M  not  our  ciislom  whin  messfmrers  roint  to  In  at  of  pi  art,  to  seizv  ii/ion  Ihiir 
yrtflii.i. '(.»  soinillmis  thi  Mohawks ilo  ;  j/rii,  as  Ihr  I'.iiiilish  have  liiuti;  si izhiif  ii/ion 
''•iii7(T)i  Indiaus,  our  mm,  nho  ivrul  to  trcal  with  i/oii — srltiiiu:  a  ixuanl  ovir  thriii, 
'  .11,1  Ink  Ins  au'iii/  thiir  truns.  This  is  not  all,  but  a  sinmil  time  i/ou  rniulrnt  our 
f^nn.nnd  demaudeil  us  to  romr  iliiwn  unto  i/ou,  or  elsf  i/ou  would  kill  us.  This 
'eii.i  lh(  I'duse  of  our  Iravinn-  both  our  fort  ami  our  rorn,  to  our  u;rrat  loss." 

riiis  Hpcecli  caused  considerahle  emharraHsinent  to  tlie  Kiij/iisli,  "yet," 
.iivs  llidtliiiril,  "to  put  the  hest  consfriiciion  mij/ht  he,  on  snch  irre<.mlar 
iiiimiiH,  which  coidd  not  well  he  justified,  thiy  told  tluMn,  the  jiei-sons  who 
|i;;,|  ^(1  (lone  *  were  not  within  the  limits  of  their  jrovernineiit,  and  therefore, 
lli(iii"h  they  conid  not  call  thi'iii  to  an  account  li)r  so  actinii,  yet  they  did 
iitliriv  disallow  thereof."t  And  to  he  as  expeditions  as  pos>ihle,  the  llnjilish 
iiiiiiiirhsioiiers  told  th<"se  elfu'is  that  they  came  to  treat  with  the  Andro.-"oj(- 
.■iiis  1111(1  were  sorry  that  Squamlo  was  not  there.  And  it  appi'ars  tliuT, 
i"|iiiiii.'h  the  Kiiulish  reported  a  peace  with  tla^  I'eiiohscots,  yet  Mailokawanih 
nmiliis  coadjutors  scarcely  nii(ierstood  as  much  ;  and  it  is  also  evident  that 
tli.'  Iiiisiiiess  was  hurried  over  uh  fant  ns  possihlo  by  tiio  English  cominis- 

AssiMiNAsqUA,  it  will  he  proper  iiero  to  ohserve,  was  n  Kunilms  suehem, 
villi"!' ri'sidtMice  was  at  or  near  the  |)lace  where  the  treaty  was  held. 

Wliiit  liiul  heeii  said  hy  Jlssimhmsqua  in  the  niorniiif,'  was  inendy  prelimi- 
iian.iiiid  it  was  his  intention  in  the  aneriioon  to  enter  more  |mrticiilarly  into 
Jdiiils;  Itiit  the  Enijlish  cut  the  mutter  slior*,  and  proceechMJ  to  treat  with 
Hicli  lit"  tiie  AiidroscofT^ins  us  were  present.  Tarunikin  was  tlioir  orator,  niul 
lie  siinke  to  this  effect : — 

'•/kie  been  to  the  westward,  where  I  futve  found  many  Indians  nnwilllnfi:  to 
nnkf  pence ;  bid  for  my  own  part,  I  am  ivi7/»iff,"  which  he  eonfh'iiUHl  hy  takiii;^ 
till-  LiiL'iisii  hy  the  hand,  us  di<l  seven  or  eiffht  of  his  men,  anion<»  whom 
ui'iv  .Uhe'I,'"  luid  liobinhood^s  mm.  Tho  Enfjlish  hud  now,  us  they  siipiiosed, 
L'ot  iiiiittcrs  into  n  re<.'ulnr  fain  ;  Imt  Mculokawando,  it  njipeiu-s,  wus  not  will- 
iiiir  til  leave  things  in  quiv  so  loose  a  luunaer,  as  it  regarded  his  jieople. 
Ill'  tlirretcMe  interrupted :-  • 

"H'lntarewe  to  do  for  powder  and  shot,  ivhrn  our  com  is  consumed'}  what 
shnll  we  do  for  :t  ivinter^s  supply "?  Must  ive  perish,  or  must  we  abandon  our  coun- 
inj,  and  fly  to  the  French  for  protection '}  " 

Thi'  Eiiglish  replied  that  tlioy  would  do  what  they  could  with  the  gov- 
ernor; ^^some  mis;ht  be  allowed  them  for  necessity."  Madokawando  added: 
•  ll'(  have  waited  a  ip-eat  while  already,  and  now  we  erpeH  you  will  say  yes  or  Jio." 
TIm>  English  rejoined :  "  You  say  yourselves  thut  many  of  the  western  In- 
dians would  not  have  peace,  and,  therefore,  if  we  sell  you  jiowder,  and  you 
I'ivis  it  to  the  western  men,  what  do  w(!  but  cut  our  oicn  throats'?  It  is  not  in 
iiiir  jiower,  without  leave,  if  you  should  wait  ten  years  more,  to  let  you  have 
powder."  Hero,  as  might  reasonably  have  been  (expected,  ended  the  iiego- 
liiitioii,  and  massacres  and  bloodshed  soon  afler  desolated  that  part  of  the 
I'.Ouii'ry. 

.U  the  close  of  the  war  of  1G75  and  G,  this  sachem's  peojilc  had  nmong 
then  ahoiit  00  English  cayrtives.  When  it  was  known  to  him  that  the  Eng- 
lish desired  to  treat  about  peace,  he  sent  Muffif,  one  of  his  '."hiefs,  to  Pascata- 
ipin,  to  receive  jiroposals;  and,  that  he  might  meet  with  good  acceptunco, 
sent  along  with  him  u  captive  to  his  home.  General  Goii/rt/,  of  Massuehu- 
Sftts,  heing  there,  forced  Muiss;  on  board  his  vessel,  and  carried  him  to  Bos- 
ton, (or  which  treacherous  act  an  excuse  was  pleaded,  that  he  was  not  vested 
"itii  sufficient  authority  to  treat  with  bin.  Madokawando'' s  ambassador, 
being  now  in  the  |)ower  of  the  English,  was  obliged  to  ugree  to  such  terma 


■  m 


li;-^V> 


'■stv^\ 


'm*:mu 


^N?ifei:vi« 


"  That  is,  those  iviio  luid  kiilnappocl  ilioir  friciiils. 


t  Hubbard,  jinrt  ii.  38. 


iOG 


MADOKAWANDO.— DESTRUCTIOM  OF  YORK.  (iv.o,  |„ 


HH  tli(!  Miik'UhIi  (lirtiitrd.*  It  i  no  woihIim-,  tliiTrCun',  il'  tin-  jfri-nt  cliu-i'  „„,,| 
ii|i|tciir.s  M),'aiii  tlirir  cnciny.  .Still,  \>ln'ii  Mnf(i(  vmih  Hi-iit  liunn-,  Mtulitknuiuuli, 
ajircfd  fit  til*;  treaty,  iiioro  readily,  |M>rliu|)H,  uh  two  uriiiud  v«!>4m«!Im  of  tin.  j;,,,,. 
littli  ruiivoycd  liiiii. 

A  son  oniovfTi'iid  Tlninuin  ( 'uhbtl  had  Imtii  takni,  and  was  aiiioiij;  tlic  IikIih,,, 
at  iMoiiiit  Di'Ht'i't.  It  HO  lia|i|M'ii*'d  that  IiIh  master  had  at  that  time  sent  Im,, 
down  to  ('it,ikln\i  tradiiig-liouse,  to  liiiy  jiowder  for  him.  Minru;  Utok  jijn,  |, 
the  hand,  and  told  him  he  had  lu'eii  at  his  liither's  house,  and  imd  |ii-iiiiii„i{ 
to  send  him  hoiiu!.  Miulukitwanilo  demanded  a  ransom,  |)rolmlily  to  i^nihi^ 
the  own»;r  oftlii!  rajitive,  "yWrnHx-,"  he  said  "  to  be  killed  hi/  fiim,  ij'lii-  'juiMln'm 
up  u'illioul  kf  urrr  there  to  coimnt ;  for  he  wajt  a  dexiierote  nutii,  If  nonnnl, «,,/ 
/«/(/ cram hdf /iro  or //(/PC  in  Ihul  icaij."  Wvuift  on  fioard  one  ol' the  v,sm|., 
and  treated  to  somo  rKjiior,  "he  walKcd  awhile,"  says  T'o/Wm'/,  "  toiiiMl  iiiriuiiii, 
the  deck,  and  on  a  sudden  made  a  stand,  and  said  to  Captain  .Woon, -Will 
captain,  yince  it  is  so,  take  this  man:  I  fn^ely  frive  him  ii|i  to  yon;  mm  In,,, 
home  to  nis  friends,' "  {  A  rod  coat  was  g\\vu  to  Mudokuwundo,  wliich  ^^u, 
liim  ^n'(;at  sutistiiction. 

The  historians  of  the  war  have  all  ohscned  that  the  prisoners  uiidrr  .l/n- 
dokiiwaiulo  were  remarkahly  well  treated. 

In  Fidiniary,  1(177,  Major  hiddron,  and  Captain  Front,  with  a  Itody  (it'iini,. 
Were  stJiit  into  the  eastern  coast  to  ohserve  the  motions  of  the  liidiiiiis,  u;,, 
Htill  remained  hostile.  At  Pe'inmaqiiid,  they  were  invited  on  shore  to  IkiMi, 
treaty,  hilt  the  IOn>;lif<h  fnidinj!;  some  weapons  concealed  ainon^r  tlieiii,tli()ii:i,i 
it  a  siilHcient  iimhraffe  to  treat  them  as  enc;,iies,  and  a  consideialilc  tii..|,t 
ensued,  in  which  many  of  t\n'  Indians  were  ki-led,  and  several  taken  |iii.(,|,. 
ers;  amoiiff  whom  was  a  sister  of  jt/rtz/oAvn/v/H^/o.  lit*  had  no  kn(i\vl((l;;i(i|' 
tlie  alliiir,  having  heen  f;one  lor  aevorul  inoiitliH  at  a  great  distance  into  tlic 
cotintry,  on  u  limiting  voyage. 

We  hear  no  more  of  Mndoknwnndo  until  U\',H.  It  will  he  found  niciiiiiMiK] 
in  the  account  of  E^creinel,  that  in  that  year  a  tn^aty  was  made  wiili  iiim  ,ii,| 
other  eastern  chiefs.  This  was  in  November,  and  it  was  agreed  liy  ilii:ii, 
tliiit,  on  the  first  of  May  lidlowing,  they  would  deliver  all  tlu;  captives  in  tin  t 
l)ossession,  at  Wells.  "  IJiit,"  says  Dr.  Malhcr,^  "as  it  was  not  upon  i he  /inn 
land,  hilt  in  tlunr  canoes  upon  the  water,  that  they  signed  and  sealed  ilii<  ii,. 
Htriiment;  so,  reader,  we  will  he  jealous  that  it  will  prove  hut  a  fliictiiiiiinj 
and  unstable  sort  of  business ;  and  that  the  Indians  will  do  a  lie  as  tliuy  iimJ 
to  do." 

Meanwhile  Madokaivando,  among  other  important  expeditions  whidi  he 
planned,  attempted  one  upon  York,  in  Avhicli  he  succeeded  nearly  Id  Ls 
wishes,  if  not  beyond  his  expectations.  Such  was  his  manner  of  attack,  that 
the  English  scarce  knew  their  enemy ;  fi'om  whence  thoy  came,  or  tliei' 
numbers.  But  it  was  afterwards  found  by  tlic  Indians' own  confession,  imd 
some  eajttives  they  had  liberated,  that  Madokawando  was  the  leader  in  ilie 
business.  Whether  he  had  during  the  winter  been  to  Canada,  and  jrot  tlic 
assistance  of  some  Frenchmen,  or  whether  Castiens,  his  son-in-law,  and  sonie 
other  Frenchmen  who  then  resided  among  his  people  at  Penobscot,  were 
with  him,  we  cannot  take  it  upon  us  to  state;  but  certain  it  is,  some  Friinli 
were  in  his  company,  but  how  many  is  also  uncertain,  btit  tlie  nnniber  uf 
Indians  was  stated  at  about  250.  It  was  on  Monday,  February  5,  in  tlin  year 
1G!)2,  early  in  the  morning,  that  York  was  laid  in  ashes,  all  except  tliiTf  nr 
lour  garrisoned  houses,  and  about  75  of  its  inhabitants  killed,  and  85  tukeu 
cai)tive. 

Such  only  escaped  as  reached  the  garrisons,  and  these  were  siinmioiicd  to 
surrender,  but  the  besiegers  dared  not  to  continue  long  enough  to  make  any 
effectual  assaidt  upon  them,  and  thtis  they  escaped.    The  wretched  captives 


*  A  treaty  was  signed  9th  of  Dec.  1G76.  Manuscript  Nar.  of  Rev.  T.  Cobbet.  It  maybe 
seen  in  Hubbard's  Narrative. 

t  The  Indian  word  for  killed.     Wood's  N.  E.  Prospect. 

X  Manuscript  Narrative,  before  cited.  Perhaps  tliis  was  the  -htip  Captain  Afoore  wlio  rar- 
ried  the  news  o( Philip's  defeat  and  death  to  Londoa  afterwards.  See  Old  Jnpia.n  Chko.i- 
ICLE,  105. 

(  Magnalia,  vii.  76. 


[Houi  III 

r»'ut  cliii;!'  wHii, 

',  Muihtkiimiiuii, 

■H'\h  of  tilt;  r.iiij. 

loiiKtln-IiidiiiiH 
t  tillir  sent  liiii, 
ifjf  took  liiii,  |,v 
il  iiiid  iinuiiiMil 

)l  Ml  Illy    to    SHl|.|\ 

,  ifkr  ;iui(kil  Iniit 
/I,  (/"  rrimtil,  ml 

J     of   till'    VI!<m|,, 

"tiMitiil  iitraiiMiii 

liii  MiKirr,  'Will 

Vdii ;  nim  liim 

tmlo,  Wllich  j;;i\,. 

)iicrs  uiiilit  .Ui. 

Il  11  body  of  :iiiii. 
tli(!  Iiidimis,  »l<j 
II  shore  to  IkiIiIii 
111^  tlit'iii, iIiihilIii 

■olisidrllllill'  li;;|,t 

ml  takt'ii  pii'ui,. 
no  kiiowliMlL'f  iif 
(Imtaiu'e  iiitu  iln; 

!  found  niciitidiiid 

iiidt;  w'uli  liiiii  iiiil 

I  «giT»>d  liy  i1m':ii, 

i(!  cinitivc.s  ill  ll;i';r 

not  upon  till' firm 

1(1  scuifd  this  ill- 

but  u  fliii'tiiiiiiiij 

a  lie  us  lliey  iistJ 

■ditions  \Yirnli  h*; 
tU-d  ni'iirly  to  li,> 
|ner  of  attack,  thai 
i<y  cuiiu",  or  thi'i' 
[n  I'onfessioM, mill 
tbe  leader  in  ihe 
[ladu,  and  jrot  tlie 
|-in-luw,  and  stmie 
Penobscot,  were 
is,  some  FiTiuh 
|it  tlie  niiiiilier  of 
iinry  5,  in  tlio  ycur 
I  except  three  or 
[led,  and  85  taken 

^'cre  Hiiniinoiicd  to 
jugb  to  make  any 
Lvretched  cuptivcj 


Cobbi't.    Il  nwy  !* 


plain  Moore  wlm  rw- 


(.„»,.  VIII]  MAFMIKAWAMK).  107 

»rn'  litirrie<l  int«»  tbo  wilt!»>rne«H,  and  many  HiifTen-d  nml  dii'd  by  lln^  «ay. 
Tht'  Ke^eri'iid  Shulutrl  Diimimr,  minister  of  lli«>  |iliii'i>,  a  man  in  bi^li  estima- 
iiiiti  !'•>'  bis  \irtn<'s,  was  about  tbe  tirst  \ietim;  be  was  sliot  iis  be  \mis  nioimt- 
M.i!  Iiis  liorse  at  bis  own  lioiir;  bis  wife  was  aniiin^  tbe  eii|itiM's,  and  died  in 
,iiiiiiviiy.     York  was  at  tliis  time   one  of  tbe  most  important  towns  in  tbu 

'""""')•*  ,      .        I  ■      ■     ■      ■.      I'  I  ■     •  ■■    ■ 

CiniinistaiK'es  bavin^  thus  transpired,  the  r.n^'bsb  bad  very  little  reason  to 

Illicit  nil  observance  ot'  tbe  articles  of  tbe  treaty  before  alluded  to,  yet  per- 
.iiiiK  were  sent  to  Wells  to  receive  tbe  ciijitives,  |i|-ovi<led  tli"y  sboidd  be  of- 
jind.  'I'liey  took  care  to  ln'  provided  witli  an  armed  liirce,  and  to  liave  ilio 
plmi  of  niei-tiiiK  '>t  a  stroiif^  place,  wliicb  was  Slurer^s  garrison-bouse.  Ibit, 
a.  ilitiiiitlior  just  <'ited  observes,  "Tbe  Indians  lK!in>r  iioor  mu.tiriitnn  lor  kiij)- 
iiii' "/ '"'"''  •'"""'  ""'  'iccordiiif^  to  tbciir  ariicles."  I'be  reason  of  ibis  wo 
niiiiiiit  cxiiiaiii,  imb^ss  tbe  warliki^  appearance  of  tbe  lln^disb  deterred  tliem. 
\ll(r  wiiitin);  a  wliile,  ("aptain  Vunvirse  surprised  some  of  tliem,  and  brou^riit 
ilirin  in  by  force,  and  bavin^  reason  to  belit^ve  tbe  Indians  provoked  by  tbirt 
tiiiH',  iiiiniediately  adib'd  Ilfi  men  to  bis  force.  Tliese,  says  Malliir,  "  were 
iiiitidiiic  linlf  an  lioiir  to  Storrr's  bouse,  on  tiio  i>tli  of  June,  ItilM,  nor  bad 
llii'V  jfot  their  Indian  tired  tiiirly  lighted,  into  their  mouths,  before  lierco 
,Vi>j'ii.«,  witli '-iOO  Indians,  made  an  attack  upon  the  garrison,"  f  but  were  re- 
niilxidiind  soon  < ire w  ot!'.  Miidokdwanilo  was  not  lier(>  in  person,  but  when 
lieknt'W  of  the  disaster  of  bis  chief  captain,  be  said,  ".'/ly  hrothcr  .Moxun  has 
nmil  it  now,  but  1  will  go  myxelf  the  next  ifear,  and  have  the  doir  Converse  out 
of  his  hule, 

'  I'lie  old  chief  waa  as  j(ood  ns  his  word,  and  appeared  beforo  the  garri- 
son tJJinie,  1(!!*2.  He  was  joined  by  PortmuJ'  and  Labrocri;  two  l-'rencli 
ottin'r«,  with  a  Ixxly  of  their  soldiers,  and  their  united  streiij^th  was  esti- 
niiilid  at  uliout  r)OG  men.  They  vv.'ie  so  contident  of  success,  that  they 
ai:reeii  Iwl'ore  the  attack,  how  the  jirisoners  and  property  should  be  divided. 
('(/inrrse  Imd  but  15  men,  but  fortunately  there  ;.rrived  two  sloops  with  about 
ii!!  many  more,  and  supplies,  the  day  before  tiie  battle. 

,\lml(tk(m'andn\<i  men  bad  unwisely  ^iv(!n  notice  of  their  a{)jiroach,  by  firing 
niKiii  soiiiu  nitth)  they  met  in  the  woods,  which  runniiijj  in  Avoiinded,  pivo 
the  iiiimliitimts  time  to  tly  to  the  garrison.  The  Indians  were  not  only 
.*eii)iiilt'd  by  the  two  French  officers  and  a  company  of  their  men,  as  beforo 
iiliMiTed,  but  .Uoriw,  E<reremet  and  fVoromho  were  also  amorijr  them. 

They  liepiii  the  attack  before  day,  with  frreiit  fierceness,  but  after  continii- 

iiy  II  li)r  some  time  without  success,  they  tell  upon  the  vessels  in  the  river; 

iiiid  hero,  although  the  river  was  not  above  twenty  or  tbirtv  feet  broad,  y(!t 

iliey  met  with  no  better  success  than   at  the   fijiirnson.     They  tri(ul  many 

slriiliirenis,  and  succeeded  in  settinjr  fii'e  to  tiie  sloo|)s  s(!veral  times,  by  nnaiia 

III' tire  arrows,  but  it  was   extiiifruished  wiiboiit   j;reat  damage.     Tired  of 

tliiis  e.v|i(isiiig  themselves  and  tiirowing  away  their  ammunition,  they  retiirn- 

Hl.iL'iiiii  to  the  garrison,  resolving  to  j»racti?e   a   stratagem  upon  that,  and 

ihnMiKJed  tiie  first  day  of  tbe  attack.     They  tried  to  persuiubi  the  Knglish 

to  surrender,  but  finding  they  could   not   prevail,    made   several   desperate 

Hiiiires,  ill  which  they  lost  many.     Ucgiiming  now  to  grow  disconragcjd, 

llieysrnt  a  flag  to  the  garrison  to  effect  a  capitulation,  but  Com^o'se,  being  a 

11 II  III' great  resolution,  replied,  "  that  be  wanted  nothing  but  men  to  come 

1 1|  tiL'lit  him."     To  wllich   the   bearer  of  tht!   flag  said,  "  lieinf:  i/nu  are  so 

f'wl,  iihiidonH  you  come   and  Ji^hl  in  the  open  Ji eld  like  a  tnan,  at'd  notjiirht 

il'  'I  snrrisnn  liie  a  squaw  ?  "      fhis  attempt   pn  ving  inefb-ctiial  also,  iliey  cast 

I  out  iimiiy  threats,  one  of  which  was,  "  tVe  will  rut  you  as  smalt  as  tohbaco, 

yitjun  t'l-morrow  morning."     The  captain  ord.  red  them  "  to  come  on,  fiir  he 

'  wiiit'd  work." 

li.iving  nearly  spent  their  ammunition,  and  General  Lahrocre  being  slain, 
I tiev  ntired  in  the  night,  aflcr  two  days'  siege,  leaving  several  of  their  dead 
jljihiiid;  among  whom  was  the  general  just  named,  who  was  shot  through 
f  the  head.    They  took  one  Englishinan,  named  John  Diamond,  who  had  ven- 


•  Ma/rnalia,  vii.  Tl. —Williamson,  Hist.  Maine  i.  G28— 9. 


t  Magiialia,  vii.  76. 


! 


'i"'.,>'t:. 


>  "•. ,  9'  , 


,|.  1     >'Hf<„ 


106 


MADOKAWANDO. 


[Book  111 


tiirnd  out  of  tlm  parrison  on  some  occasion,  whom  they  tortin-ed  in  a  ,||,|j,, 
harharoiis  maniitr.  Ahoiit  liio  tiino  of  tiieir  rotri-atinjr,  they  fired  uiion  ti,,. 
sloops,  and  killed  iIk;  only  man  lost  liy  tli<!  v(;ssels  during  the  assault,  |i 
the  attack  npon  iIk!  v<!ssels,  anionf?  otlusr  stratairems,  they  prepared  a  hii,i>i. 
work  npon  whiiels,  wiiicli,  not^\ithHtanding  their  previous  e.\|icri(iic(Mii  tlrs 
kind  of  en^'ine,  at  Mrookfield  and  Saco,  they  again  resolve<l  to  try,  and  ilicrc. 
fore  endeavored  to  hring  it  close  to  tho  edge  of  tlu;  river.  Wlien  liny 
had  got  it  i)retty  near,  one  wheel  simk  in  the  ground,  ani!  a  I'rencli  .Mildnr 
endeavoring  to  lilt  it  ont  with  liis  shoulder,  was  shot  down  ;  a  sicoinl  hj, 
also  killed  in  the  like  atttinipt,  and  it  wuh  nhandoned.  'I'liey  also  liuiiianiii 
in  the  creek  ahove  tin;  v*;ssels,  and  ]ilaeed  on  it  an  inunense  pili>  of  romlms. 
tihies,  and,  setting  theui  on  fire,  floated  it  down  towiuds  theni.  Um  wi,,, 
within  a  fiw  rods  of  the  sloops,  the  wind  drove  it  on  siiore,  and  thus  il^ 
weie  delivered  from  the  most  dangerous  artific(!  of  the  whole.  For  it  «(,. 
said  that,  had  it  come  down  against  them,  they  could  not  have  saved  linnj. 
selves  from  the  fiiry  of  its  flames. 

As  lat('  as  I7;3(i  an  attcm|)t  was  made  to  jirove  that  Madokainmth  wns  no' 
chief  sachem  of  the  J'enobscots,  wliich  it  seems  no  one  in  his  Jiiitjn,; 
thought  of  (piestionhig.  Nor  had  the  fitct  at  this  time  h(;en  <|nesti(i!i(i|  Ln; 
from  mercenary  motives.  A  claim  having  heen  set  up  to  lands  ii|i(in  ^^i 
(ieorgr's  Uiver,  in  opposition  to  that  of  the  heirs  of  (Jovernor  l,(nn//. ilu; 
ijdsehood  was  nisorted  to,  to  maintain  it.  Tin;  foundation  of  LevirittVcLniii 
was  in  a  (h'ed  dated  I'emniacpiid,  !>  May,  l(ii>4,  hy  which  MmUikmmnik  u,\\. 
veyed  to  Sir  Jf'illiam  Phips  »!u5  tract  of  land  on  both  sides  of  St.  {Wn^^\ 
Kiver,  hounded  east  by  VVessamesske'k  Uiver,  west  by  llatthctt's  (Jovt;  l^laiil, 
th(Mice  by  a  line  to  tie  upper  lidls  of"  St.  Georgc^'s  iriver;  also  Miist(iin(|ii(i(if 
Isliuid  ill  the  mouth  of  said  river,  and  St.  (ieorge's  Islands.  A  vaiiiiililcdin. 
sideration  is  sahl  to  iiave  been  j)aid.  but  v\hat  it  was  does  not  appeiu  iKiiMik 
d(  (;d.  Tlu!  (h'poiientrf  called  upon  afh  rwards  to  prove  Mudokawnmkh  \m\e\ 
to  sell  that  tract,  state  tin;  consideration  variously,  though  none  of  tliiin  dtii. 
nitely ;  soiik;  said  Sir  ft'illiam  Pliips  gave  a  large  amount  in  inom  v,'  iU 
one  that  he  gave  u  hatfulL]     To  this  deed  were  the  following  signatures  ;- 

Tlic  mark  of 
Madokawanoo,  ^  Sngmmrt 


of  Penobscot,     ^^  uiul  a  sui 


Signed,  sealed  and  delivered  in 

presence  of 
The  mark  ^  of  IIdgar  Emit, 

Sniramore  of  Kcnmhck, 
Tlie  mark  if^  of\\  r.  y  k  m  o  v  k  t, 

cozin  to  Madokaicando. 
The  mark  X  ©/".Ioun  Sauumork, 

of  Sheepsgut  River,  interpreter. 
Also  G  or  7  whites. 

From  an  examination  of  the  various  aflidavits  before  mentioned  \vp(l(riH 
the  following  interesting  historical  fiicts  in  the;  lite;  iA' jMatloknwnndii;  mlI 
that  he  died  in  l()!)y,  and  was  succeeded  by  Henamouet,  or,  uh  liis  iiiiiin' u> 
sometimes  sptiiled,  Hcnoggonet.  This  a|)|)ears  lioni  the  de|iositi(in  nl  (.i|i- j 
tx\'m  Cjiprian  Soidluick,  who  fiirther  savs  "that  he  was  with  Ahiilohimnk , 
when  a  |)resent  of  JO  barrels  of  gnifpowder,  a  <piantity  of  fire-arms,  miii  | 
some  clotin's,  were  delivered  him  by  (Governor  Hillehune,  which  wiisainwii! 
sent  him  by  the;  King  of  France."  "And  that  Monsieur  CWai/i  iiiiiiriiiii 
the  said  Mndokawando^s  daughti  r." 

Joseph  Bane  de|)Osed,  "  that,  in  ]()i)l,  he  was  with  Theodore  .lUkhmnMX 
of  Newcastle,  in  N.  Hampshire,  Fs(|.,  said  JUkhison\i  wile,  and  Mrs.  Kl'rM 
.filrock  of  Portsmouth,  widow,  and  many  others  at  the  house  (itiVJ 
Moullon  of  York  in  the  county  of  York,  '.vlien  they  were  taken  riijitiM  l^j 
a  large  mind)er  of  Indians,"  that  Madokaicando  was  then  coinniiiinlii'' 
said  hnliaiis,  and  was  then  reputed  chief  sachem  of  J'enohscot.  &KJ 
furthc^r  relates  that  lie  was  sold  to  an  Amrwoscoggen  Indian,  with  wliniiiKJ 
lived  till  Kiit'J,  and  that  ho  was  present  wlie.n  Madnkawando  ordered  Tkoilonl 


•  DcpositioB  of  John  Phillips,  2  July,  ITafi.—  U'aWo's  Defence,  3. 


t  Ibid.  oJ 


fiiAP.  vrii.] 

.'iVmson,  will 
iciiil  a  vessel 
liirmiiingly  t 

rcdcrllli'd. 

Jiihii  Longl 
tu  Mmlokawai 

The  iiiliahil 
I'l'mnwido,  as 

III  Kif'O  T 

Hiiicli  lime  he 

sii'li.iii  of  Ke 

,l/o/i«  who  vi. 

wii.s  llicii  clii(! 

s,ii'lii'iii  of  I'e_ 

piirtiis  under ,'; 

iiilicr  H'oiii  I'eji 

livi'  siiclienis ; 

III  the  treaty 

ri'iiiiiiiii|uid,  IJ 

iiiii'lisii  to  ensi 

Wk.vdmouktt, 

J.II.V."* 

.\  il.'iiigliter  o 
iims,  liy  whom 
In  all  (if  our  f 
iintc,  and  in  the 
lliat  it  should  no 
I  iiiiprdvo  the  o| 
Till'  Miiron   *' 
alidiit  '.'0  ycjirs  n 
tliat  they  rcafanh 
t'ai'i;'iiaii  rccrj,,,, 
I'asI  \nmsv\(  ain( 
loii'v  li'OIM  them  ! 
t"  the  ryreiieaii 
•liiriii?.'  III!"  first 
mill  a  iv.sjicct  hi 
\  pvitciiiff;  whic 
III'  has  wor 
I'l  ;'(i(iii  fic'ounf, 
I  iIhnis'iikI  crown 
I  'W'lvlmndi.sc,  ^,x[ 
«lini  they  refiir 
|iri>viifs   vvith 
I I'ii'ct  him,  and 

I  "l"  whom  are 
|''""'y.  He  has 
Itv.iiiijile  fl,,,t  (,',„ 
Ifiiiii'avored  to 
]f;""l  li-iiif.  and  |„" 
Klinstianity  to  th 
Iwi'toronilcr  ha 
Ifirinwmidprivat 


|"'."///,(,  vii.  ;),■). 
*  *V(.  vlidiild  iiiiiik 

pfi'i'iiiii," 

llni ,' i'""  "'"''  '^inoniit! 
?  Mettunns  de  I' An 

10 


C( 


CUAP. 


VIII] 


MADOKAWANIX).— I5AR0N  GASTRINS. 


109 


■I'-iinson,  wlio  was  his  rnptivo,  to  write  to  tlio  {rovoriior  of  Massnchusctts  to 
iinil  a  vessf'l  to  Siigadaliok  w  itii  jroods  to  rcdccin  the  c.-iptives  ;  that  ii  was 
iMi)iiiiiiJ,'Iy  ^i^"*^  tluTc,  and  Jitkimou,  liis  wili^  and  ahont  40  others  were 
ridiTiiu'd. 

J„hn  Longky  was  taken  prisoner  at  (iroton  in  July,  1(i!M,  and  was  servant 
[u  Mmlokawamlo  two  years  and  a  iialt; 

Tlif  iiiliahitaiits  of  JJhick  I'oint  <fave,  yearly,  a  peck  of  corn  eacli  to  Ma 
,',il;inv(tiido,  as  an  acknowledgniiiit  that  h(!  was  saclieiii  of  I'enohscot. 

Ill  Klf'O  Tobias  Oakvaii  was  tak(!n  by  tlie  Indians  at  Hhick  I'oint.  At 
wliicii  time  he  w<y«  ''e  "  iicrsonally  knew  Eiliritr  Emd  who  was  then  chief 
s;iili.  Ill  ot"  Keiieheek  and  Squando  wlio  was  then  eiiief  sachem  of  Saco,  and 
Mom  >vho  was  tiien  ciiicf  saehcin  of  Noridgawock,  and  Shcpcot  John  wiio 
w;is  iIk'H  chief  saciieni  of  Shepseot  and  with  Oorumby,  whfi  was  then  chief 
siilitiii  "f  i'ejcnisc.ot."  Oakman  was  taken  prisoner  liy  IJO  Indians  in  3 
iiiirfii  s  under  >)  chietii ;  one  from  Penol)scot,  one  from  Norridi,'(;wok  and  tiie 
i.iln r  li'iiii  J'ejepscot ;  Mndoknwando,  Moxiis  and  Oorumby  heinjif  the  res[)ec- 
tiw  sicliciiis ;  lience  Mmlokmonndo  was  saciiem  of  l*enoJ)scot  at  that  time. 

Ill  the  treaty  wliicli  tiie  eastern  chiefs  made  witli  Sir.  Willinm  Vhips  at 
IViiiiiimiiiid,  11  August,  WX\  the  followiiif^  liostasjes  were  (hdivered  to  the 
r.iiL'lisli  to  eiisuH!  its  observance.  "  Aiiashamuamkt,  hrotiier  to  Kd^cr  Emd ; 
WrviiMOUETT,  cousin  to  J/c;rfoArt«'«nf/o;  JJAOATAWA\voNaoN,andSnKErscoTT 

J„1IN."* 

A  (laiigiiter  of  Madokatvando,  ns  Ave  Iiavi;  seen,  married  tlic  Baron  De  Cas- 
itins,  liv  Aviioin  lie  hud  several  ciiildren. 

Iiiiilliif  our  former  editions  w(!  gave  Lnhontmi's  account  of  Casteins  in  a 
note,  1111(1  in  the  French  language  ;  but  it  having  been  suggested  by  friends, 
ili;ii  it  slioiild  not  only  occupy  a  place  in  the  text,  ))ut  be  rendered  in  English, 
liiiiprovo  the  ojiportunity  to  make  the  change. 

rill'  Huron  Oe  St.  Casteins,  a  gentleman  of  (Heron  in   llearn,  having  for 

ali(iiit'JOy«'!irs  resided  among  tlie  Abenakis,  gained  so  much  of  their  esteem, 

tliiit  thiy  iPirarded  him  as  tlieir  tutelar  deity,     lie  had  been  an  oftii-er  of  the 

raiii.'iiiiii  rcj'iment  in  Canada;  but  wlien  that  regiment  was  disbanded,  ho 

I'ibt  liiiiisclf  among 'lie  savages,  of  whom  Im;  learned  their  language.     He 

look  lioiii  thiiii  a  Wlio  af^er  their  manner,  preferring  tlie  forests  of  Acadio, 

to  the  I'vreiiean  mountains,  which  environ  his  native  country,     I  hi   lived, 

(liiiiii;.'  llie  first  years  of  his  abode  with  the  Indians,  in  such  a  manner  as  to 

tain  II  ivspect  from  them,  abc  e  what  can  be  imagined.     They  made  him 

j:ri',it(lii(i;  which  is  the  same  as  sovereign  of  the  nation,  and  by  little  and 

litili'  lie  lias  worked  np  a  f(>rtnn<>,  which  any  other  man  would  liav«!  tiiriK;d 

tuLdiiii  ac.'oniit,  and  withdrawn  from  the  country  with  two  or  three  hundred 

!  tliiiiis;iii(l  crowns  of  gold  in  his  coffers.     Ilowcner,  lit;  only  uses  it  to  buy 

iiinriiiiiKJise,  with  which  to   make   presents  to  his  Indian  brethren,  who, 

j  wliHi  liny  return  froi,    tlieir  hunting   excursions,   reimburse  him  for   his 

j  pn  <i'iits  with   a    tri|)le     amount   in   beaver.f      The   governors   of  Cana<la 

('.in it  liiiii,  and  those  of  N(!w  England  fear  him.     lie  has  several  danghters, 

I  all  (I)' whom  are  advantageously  married  to  EreiMrlimen,  with  each  a  rich 

Hmn:    Ho   has  iiev«a'  changed  his    wife,|    showing  the    Indians  by  his 

lt\;iiiij)l('  that  (ioil  is  not  fdeased  with  incoiiBtant  men.     It  is  said  t.iat  he  has 

jciiiliavorcd  to  convert  tiuise  poor  jxiople,  but  that  his  words  |)rodiice  no 

Ipiiiil  rniit,  and  hence  it  is  of  no  use  f()r  the  Jesuits  to  preach  the  truths  of 

jniiistiaiiity  to  them  ;  yet  these  fathers  relax  not  their  labors,  and  c<  nsider 

Jtiiiiitiiconrer  bajitism  upon  a  dying  infant  rejmys  them  ten  fiild  for  the  suf- 

Ifiriniwaiid  privations  they  experience  in  living  among  tjiat  pcoj)le.§ 


*  II  r/i/,i'.,  Dcfi-iirc, ;!'.). — Tlio  names  of  these  liostagrs  difTcr  mateiially  from  lliose  in  tho 

lllini'iliit,  vii.  '),■). 

I  M\  !•  shdiild  ihiiik  iliat  to  a  man  of  a  sordid  mind,  this  was  "  tiirninc:  a  fortune  to  eood 

|lcn,iiiil."  '  ^  * 

I,'  "i"' lliis  amonnts  to  a  denial,  as  Mr.  Ilnlkrl  reads  '\\,(Notrii  on  the  Amrriran  Indianf, 
|s*i.)lliiit  rus^'iH.s- had  hut  one  wife,  wc  do  not  agtcc.     Ills  not  chauniiip  his  wife,  (//  n'a 
im,nschivvj;i'  dc  femnu',)  might  lie  true,  if,  as  some  assert,  lie  had  several  at  the  same  time. 
}  ilemoires  de  I'Amerique,  ii.  2i),  CO. 

10 


mJ 


ii':» 


IS 


■1> 


M 


'V '?'»>' 


)  ■If 


^w 


no 


MOXUS.— DEATH  OF  MUGG. 


Hook  m. 


The  town  now  called  Castine,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  was  the  place  of 
the  residence  of  the  French  haroii,  uiid  a  son  of  his  succeeded  him  in  tL 
sachemdom  of  the  Peiiobycots.  He  was  witli  Iberville  at  tiie  captnic  nf 
Pennnacpiid  in  KJlKi,  in  which  expedition  lie  led  200  Indians.  C"a|ttaiii  Chuhlj 
of  whom  we  liave  spoken  belbre,  commanded  tlie  fort,  wiiicJi  was  W(  || 
manned  and  supplied,  having  15  ])ieces  of  cannon  and  !!0  men,  hut  siniin. 
dered  it  in  a  cowardly  manner,  lie  heii)ed  defend  Port  Royal  in  17(;(;  ju 
defence  of  which  lie  was  wounded  in  1707.  He  finally  retired  to  lii>  ^.^l^^^, 
country,  where  he  ended  his  days.  In  1(!88,  Governor  Andros,  with  ;iii  aiiii.v 
ment,  took  possession  oiCastahi's  village,  plundered  his  house,  and  ooininin,',! 
other  depredations,  but  himself  escaped.  In  1721,  his  son  was  seized  hy 
the  English,  and  carried  to  Boston ;  but  they  not  long  alter  set  him  at  Ijliertv. 

Some  have  endeavored  to  ground  an  argument  upon  the  similarity  of  the 
name  of  this  chief  to  that  of  Mculock  the  Welshman,  that  the  eastern  In- 
dians  '.vere  descended  from  a  Welsh  colony  who,  in  1170,  lelt  tliut  conntri 
and  were  never  heard  of  after.  The  story  of  some  white  Indians  !S|i(i,kiii r 
Welsh,  on  the  Missouri  River,  has  gained  supporters  in  former  and  laitu 
periods.  * 

Moxus,  or,  as  he  was  sometimes  called,  Jlgamagus,  was  also  a  noted  cliicf. 
We  can  ad(l  little  concerning  him,  to  what  has  already  been  said.  \\\^ 
Madokawando  was  dead,  and  the  war  between  the  French  and  EnglLsJi  nations 
had  ceased,  the  eastern  chiels  were  ready  to  suomit  to  terms,  ji/onis  secinj 
the  successor  of  Madokawando,  and  when  delegates  were  sent  into  tiie  ('(l^t• 
ern  country  to  make  peace  with  the  Indians,  in  1699,  his  name  stood  tira 
among  the  signers  of  the  treaty .f  He  concluded  anotlier  treaty  with  Govi  rnor 
Dudley,  in  1702.  The  next  year,  in  company  with  Wanungonet,  ^^hsammhni 
and  a  number  of  French,  he  invested  Captain  March  in  the  ibrt  at  Cusal 
After  using  every  endeavor  to  take  it  by  assault,  they  had  recourse  to  the 
following  stratagem.  They  began  at  the  water's  edge  to  undermine  it  In 
digging,  but  were  prevented  by  the  timely  arrival  of  an  armed  vessel  iimlir 
Captain  Southack.  They  had  taken  a  vessel  and  a  great  quantity  of  piunil.r, 
About  200  canoes  were  destroyed,  and  the  vessel  retaken.  From  wimli 
circumstance  it  may  be  inferred  that  their  number  was  great. 

Moxu^  was  at  Casco  in  1713,  to  treat  with  the  English,  and  at  Georgetown, 
upon  Arowsike  Island,  in  1717.  There  were  seven  other  chiefs  who  atteiiditi 
also  at  the  time  and  place  last  mentioned. 

MuGG  was  a  chief  among  the  Androscoggins,  and  very  couspiciions  in  tk 
eastern  war  of  1G7G-7,  into  which  he  seems  to  have  been  broiigiit  In  ilic 
same  cause  as  Madokawando,  already  stated.  He  had  been  very  jiieudh  to 
the  English,  and  had  lived  some  time  with  them. 

On  the  12  October,  167(),  he  made  an  assault  u])on  Black  Point,  now  iu 
Scarborough,  with  about  100  warriors.  All  the  inhabitants  being  gathered  iiitu 
one  fortified  place  upon  that  point,  a  few  hands  might  liave  defended  it  afraii.jt 
all  the  Indians  on  that  side  of  the  country.|  While  the  captain  of  tiie  pini- 
son  was  f  one  out  to  liold  a  talk  with  Mugg,  the  people  fled  from  tlie  jtiutoju 
and  took  all  their  efl!ects  along  with  them.  A  few  of  his  own  servants,  how- 
ever, remained,  who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  chief,  who  treated  tliein  kindly. 
When  Fruncis  Card  was  a  jirisoner  among  his  men,  he  told  him  "</«/  he  hd 
found  out  the  tvay  to  bum  Boston,"  and  laughed  much  about  llie  llngli«li; 
saying  he  would  have  all  their  vessels,  fishing  islands,  and  whole  oouni;v. 
and  bragged  about  his  great  numbers.  He  wos  killed  at  Black  Poiiit,  on  jii 
May,  the  same  place  where,  the  year  before,  he  had  had  sucii  goodsurces?:.  He 
had  besieged  the  garrison  three  days,  killed  tln-ee  men,  and  taken  one  ca\m. 
The  celebrate'^  Sifmon,  who  had  done  so  much  mischief  hi  many  jilaces,  wm 
with  him  here.     Lieutenant  THppin,  who  commanded  the  garrison,  "iiiades 


*  See  Janson's  St?-a)igerin  America,  HO,  cd.  Ito.  I.oiifloii,  1807;  I'liirersul  ^fas(l:we^^\■ 
xciii.  21  ;  Dr.  Soulhey's  Preface  to  liis  Mndock ;  B<Hicjuot's  E.rptil.  af^aiiist  Ohin  tmlian-i.'J. 
ed.  4to.  London,  nOfi ;  Ker's  Travels  in  America,  I(>7— 172  ;  Burk-,  Iliit.  I'lVfinw.  "■  ;-| 
Bealty,  Jour.  21;  Moulton's  New-York,  i.  45,;  Barton's  PIn/sical  Jour,  i,  pt.  ii.  •: 
Columb,  Mag,  for  1787. 

t  Magnalia,  vii.  94.    Il  is  dated  7  Jan.  1698—9.  1  Hubbard,  Ind.  Wan,  ii.  ^- 


CiiAr. 


VIIT] 


SYMON  ATTACKS  BRADFORD. 


Ill 


successful  shot  upon  nii  Indian,  that  was  observed  to  he  very  l)nsy  and  bohl 
in  the  ussmdt,  who  iit  tliat  time  was  deemed  to  ))e  Syinon,  tlie  areh  viUain  and 
iiiccndiury  of  all  the  eastward  Indians,  but  jjrovcd  to  he  one  almost  as  good 
:ij  hiniselt;  who  was  called  Mogg."  * 

SvMON,  just  named,  was  a  troublesome  fellow,  who  continued  to  create 
consideruhle  alarm  to  the  inhabitants  ui)oii  the  Merrimack  River,  in  tlie  vicin- 
ity of  Newbury  and  Amesbury,  about  which  j)art  seems  to  have  been  his 
residence,  as  late  as  the  month  of  July,  1G77.  On  iheDthof  July,  six  Indians 
were  ?et'n  to  go  into  the  bushes  not  far  from  tlie  garri.',  :i  at  Ames!)ur}';  two 
(liivs  before,  several  men  had  been  killed  in  the  neighborhood,  and  one  woman 
woiiiuied,  whose  name  was  (^mmfty.  Symon  was  the  alleged  leader  of  the 
jiiirty  which  committed  the  depredation.  Mrs.  (^in'mhy  was  sure  that  it  was 
l,i.  who  "  knocked  her  on  the  head,"  and  she  knew  the  names  of  many  of  the 
rest  ^^  itli  him,  and  named  Andrew,  Geoffrey,  and  Joseph.  She  begged  of  Si/mon 
iHit  to  kill  her.  He  replied,  "  H'/iy,  goodwife  Q^uimby,  do  you  think  that  1  mil 
hill  \\nnV  She  said  she  was  alhud  he  would,  i)ecause  be  killed  all  the 
kiiffiisli.  Si/moji  then  said,  "I  will  give  quarter  to  never  an  English  dog  of 
vou  all,"  ana  then  gave  her  a  blow  on  the  bead,  which  did  not  bajjiien  to  hurt 
iicr  iiiucli ;  at  which,  being  a  woman  of  great  courage,  she  threw  a  stone  at 
liini;  lie  then  turned  upon  her,  and  "struck  her  two  more  blows,"  at  which 
slie  fell,  and  he  lell  her  for  dead.  Before  he  gave  her  the  last  blows,  she 
(ailed  to  the  garrison  for  help.  He  told  her  she  need  not  do  tl-it,  ibr,  said 
lie, "I  will  have  that  too,  by  and  by."  Symon  was  well  known  to  many  of 
the  inhabitants,  and  especially  to  Mrs.  Quimby,  as  he  bad  formerly  lived  with 
jior  t'athcr,  William  Osgood.\  In  April,  1()77,  Symon  and  his  companions  burnt 
the  house  of  Edward  Weymouth  at  Stm-geon  Creek,  and  plundered  the  house 
of  one  Crawley,  but  di ' 
f^ijimn's  grandmother.^ 


of  one  Crawley,  but  did  not  kill  him,  becjiUse  he  had  shown  kindness  to 


i 
id 


.  j.ioii  was  one  of  the  Christian  Indians,  as  were  Andrew,  Geoffrey,  Peter, 
and  several  others  of  the  same  comjiany,  a  circumstance  which,  with  many, 
iiiuch  aggravated  their  offences.  The  irruption  just  mentioned  is  thus  re- 
lated by  Mr.  Hw66arrf ;  §  ^^  Symon  and  Andrew,  the  two  brethren  in  inicpiity, 
.  itii  a  few  more,  adventured  to  come  over  Pascataqua  River  on  Portsmouth 
^i(Ie,  when  they  burnt  one  house  within  four  or  five  miles  of  the  town,  and 
took  a  maid  and  a  young  woman  captive ;  one  of  them  having  a  young  child 
inher  arms,  with  which  not  willing  to  I  o  troubled,  they  gave  leave  to  her 
that  held  it,  to  leave  it  with  an  old  wonuai,  Avhom  the  Indian  Symon  spared 
liccaiise  he  said  she  had  been  kind  to  his  grandmother;  yet  one  of  the  two 
captives  escaped  from  their  hands  two  days  after,  as  did  the  other,  April  22, 
who  gave  notice  of  the  Indians,  (being  not  so  narrowly  looked  to  as  they 
used  to  do  others.") 

It  was  in  3  May,  1G76,  that  .S'l/mon,  Andrew  and  Peter  fell  upon  the  liouse 
of  Thomas  Kimbal,  of  Bradford,  killed  him,  and  carried  off  his  wife  and  five 
children  into  the  wilderness.H  Having  on  the  whole  concluded  to  make 
peace  with  the  English  while  they  could,  did,  before  the  end  of  six  weeks, 
restore  the  captives.  Instead  of  imjiroving  the  opportunity  of  securing  their 
friendship,  the  English  seized  Symon  and  Andrew,  and  confined  them  in  the 
jail  at  Dover.  This  treatment  they  considered,  as  very  naturally  they  should, 
only  a  precursor  of  something  of  a  different  character ;  and  therefore  found 
means  to  break  jail,  and  make  good  their  escape.  They  joined  their  eastern 
friends,  and  hence  followed  many  other  cruelties,  some  of  which  we  have 
already  related.  About  the  first  depredation  which  followed  their  flight  from 
Dover,  was  committed  at  Greenland.  One  John  Keniston  was  killed,  and  his 
honse  burned.  A  writer  of  that  day,  after  observinrf  that  the  perpetrators  of 
the  outrage  were  Symon,  Andrew,  and  Peter,  observ.  rhat  they  were  the  "  three 
we  had  in  prison,  and  should  have  killed,"  and  closes  with  this  exclamation, 


i'Jfi 


t  MS.  Documents. 


X  Belknap's  N.  Hampshire. 


*  Hist.  N.  England. 
«  Hist.  N.  England,  631. 
I  See  the  very  creditable  History  of  Haverhill,  (p.  63.)  by  Mr.  Myrick,  for  other  iiitereslinj 
particulars  respecting  this  aflair. 


112 


SYMON.— ESCAPE  OF  CAI'TIVES. 


[Hook  III. 


i 


'■I'liiiiiiis 

visited  In 


"The  good  Lord  jtardoii  its."  *     Tims  Kouie  coiisidcrcd  tlicy  liud  need  ol'nur. 
don  lor  not  dealiii,','  with  more  rijior  towards  the  Iiuhaiis  ! 

One  of  the  most  important  actions  in  whirl'  Sjjinon  was  enpujicd 
to  he  related.  Mr.  Anthony  liruckell,  who  lived  at  JJaeU  (.'ovc,  upon 
estate  now  owned  in  piu't  by  Mr.  JJccrinsi;  of  Portland,  l:!ul  hecii  vi 
Symon,  occasionally,  who,  like  Tot^son,  in  the  case  of  Clarke  at  Eel  l\i\(r^|ji 
Plimouth,  had  made  himself  well  actpiainted  with  the  situation  of  his  IkjIu^. 
and  limiily.  On  the  9th  of  Au<fust,  KiTli,  some  Indians  had  kilhul  one  of  Vjo/ci 
dCs  cows.  Bmckett  innnediately  complahied  Xo  Symon  of  tiic  oiiti;i;rc,  ^^i,,, 
promised  to  brinj,'  to  him  the  j»erpetrators.  Meanwhile  a  comphiint  \vii.Ml(. 
spatched  to  Blajor  Waldron  at  Dover,  which  migiit  have  been  tijc  ciiUM(i!'t|i, 
course  Symon  immediately  alter  pursued;  for,  ifl  when  he  had  promiMd  i,, 
aid  in  adjusting  the  affair,  he  learned  that,  at  the  same  time,  a  l()n;e  Imd  Im,! 
secretly  applied  <br,  it  is  u  sufticient  reason,  in  this  ruHIed  state  of  tliiijs, 
that  he  shonld  show  himself  an  enemy,  as  he  did,  on  the  morniiii;  of  ii,,! 
11th,  two  days  after  the  injury  was  done.  Friday  was  the  11  Aufjiist,  iaiil  ji 
was  early  in  the  morning  that  Symon  appeared  at  thc!  head  of  a  jiiirty,  nt  tin 
house  of  Captain  Anthony  Bruckdt.  "  Ihesc  are  the  Indians,"  said  ii(V'tliat 
killed  the  cow."  No  sooner  was  this  said,  than  the  house  was  eiitcnd,;!!,,! 
the  guns  sei/ed  upon  belonging  to  the  tamily.  limckdt  then  asked  what  A\;i>tl;i' 
meaning  of  their  carriage,  and  Symon  rei)lied,  "i^o  it  must  be,"  and  (iciuiiiKled 
of  him  whether  lie  would  go  with  them,  as  a  captive,  or  be  killed  ;  to  wliidi 
he  answered,  that  if  thc  case  were  so,  he  preleri'ed  to  serve  as  a  inn. 
tive ;  Symon  then  said  they  nnist  be  bound,  and,  accorduigly,  T\Ir.  IkmM, 
his  wife,  (who  was  a  daughter  of  Michad  Mitton,)  and  a  negro,  were  IkjuiiJ. 
Mrs.  BrackdVs  brother  JVaHutnid,  only  son  of  M.  Mitton,  was  ol'  the 
family,  and  made  some  resista'c-e  when  they  were  about  to  bind  liim,  am] 
was  killed  upon  the  spot.  The  rest,  Brachett,  his  wife  and  five  children  were 
carried  away  prisoners.  They  continued  in  cajitivity  until  the  NoveiiilKr 
following,  when  some  of  them  found  means  to  eliect  an  escape  ;  wliioli  wa 
singularly  fortunate,  and  worth  relating.  In  their  wanderings,  those  wliu 
held  th»m  captive,  came  to  the  north  side  of  Casco  Bay.  Here  news  reiiclml 
the  Lidians  that  Arowsike  Island  had  been  captured  by  their  bretlireii,  ami 
they  fit  once  determined  to  share  in  the  booty ;  so,  in  their  liurr} ,  their  eairer- 
ness  for  tlie  spoil  of  Arowsike  outweighed  their  fears  of  losing  tlicir  |)ii-oii. 
ers.  Therefore  they  jnomised  Captain  Brackdl  and  the  rest,  that  if  tin. y  wdiiM 
come  after  them,  they  should  have  u  share  in  the  good  things  wliicli  iiaJ 
been  taken ;  and  accordingly  set  off  and  left  them.  Mrs.  Brackdty  tukini'  ad- 
vantage of  their  good  feeling,  just  before  they  left,  asked  them  for  muih 
meat,  which  was  readily  granted;  she  found  an  old  birchen  canoe,  wliiclihail 
been  prol)ably  abandoned  by  the  Indians,  by  reason  of  its  being  nearly  Ijmk- 
en  up,  but  in  which  it  was  resolved  to  attempt  an  escape ;  and  with  the  liel|)  of 
a  needle  which  Mrs.  Brackdt  also  found  in  an  old  house  at  that  place,  s^k 
was  enabled  so  to  mend  the  canoe,  that  it  wafted  herself  and  child,  her  liu.<- 
band  and  the  negro  man  to  the  opposite  shore  of  the  bay,  a  distajice  ot'  eigl. 
or  nine  miles,  in  safety.  They  hardly  could  have  exjiected  hut  what,  on 
landing  near  Black  Point,  they  would  have  been  in  the  vciy  presence  of  Li- 
dians, yet  it  so  happened  that  although  they  had  but  just  destroyed  the  .-^ettlt- 
ments  there,  they  had  all  lefl  the  place.  And  a  vessel,  which  happened  very 
fortunately  in  that  neighborhood,  took  them  in  safety  to  Portsmouth. 

The  wife  of  Captain  Anthony  Brackdt  should  not  be  overloolvcd  in  emiiiic- 
rating  t,be  hero  'les  of  our  countiy.  Her  name  was  Ann.  Site  did  alter  tins 
war,  but  the  tin;e  is  not  ascertained.  Her  husband  married  again,  a  daiigliter 
of  Abraham  Drake,  Senior,  of  Hampton,  wliose  njimo  was  Susauna'i,^  In  whom 
he  had  several  children.  When  Colonel  Church  had  tiie  meniorabh'  tiL'Lt 
with  the  Lidians  at  Casco,  21  Septeiiibcr,  1089,  Captain  Brackdt  vvas  kihnL 
After  this  his  wife  and  children  went  to  her  father's  at  Hami)ton,  hut  fiimily 
returned  to  their  possessions. 

We  are  now  to  commence  upon  the  recital  of  one  of  the  most  horrid  mas- 
sacres any  where  recorded — the  sacking  of  Dover  by  the  famous  chief's  Ahii- 

*  Hist.  N.  Ensland,  i.  158.  f  Hubbard's  Nar.  and  Willis's  Porlland,  i.  143-laJ. 


[Book  IIL 
hud  uoL'd  of  par. 

oiipugcd  rfiimiiij 
)v»',  upon  11  luijjc 

I  lit'cii  vi.sitnl  liy 
■e  at  r.t'l  Ui\(r, 111 
,tiuu  «)!'  Ills  lidusi.. 
ll(;d  one  ol'VJmd-. 
tlic  ()iitru;:c,  wlio 

•oiii|iliiiiil  wasdi'. 

II  tilt'  raiiftC!  (iftlii: 
liiul  pniiiii.v'il  Id 

,  a  {\m:v  Imd  Imn 

(I   htutf    l)t'  tlui:;;s, 

c  iiionrui<!;  ot'ilie 
1 1  August,  ami  it 
of  u  party,  lit  tlif 
us,"  said  lit^"tliiit 
•i  was  entered,  ;iii,| 
iiskcdwliatwa^ilif 
l)e,"«nd  deinaiided 
e  killed  ;  to  wliich 
;o   serve  as  a  ('iii)- 
iiigly,  l\lr.  limckitl. 
legro,  were  iuiuiul. 
Htton,    was  ot'  tlie 
:  to  l)lud  liiiii,  and 
1  five  eliildrun  \vm 
ntil   the  NuvciulKr 
3scupe ;  wliicli  m 
deriugH,  tlioso  uliu 
Here  uews  reiicliril 
tlieir  brethren,  ain'i 
•  hurry,  their  eat'ei- 
losing  their  iirjjun- 
it,  that  if  they  wmU 
things  wliioli  liad 
Brackdt,  tukini:  ad- 
i.ed  them  I'or  mw 
•n  canoe,  wliicli  had 
jeuig  nearly  biok- 
ad  with  the  help  of 
at  that  place,  sl.e 
and  child,  her  Im- 
a  distance  ot'  oid.. 
cted  but  what,  on 
i-y  presence  ol'Iii- 
estroyed  the  scttk- 
lich  haiipened  very 
ortsutoutli. 
erlooked  in  eiuimo- 
Siie  di'dullcrthiJ 
d  again,  a  datigliter 
^us(vina'i,\  by  whom 
.10  inenioralile  ti^Lt 
Bmckdl  ^vas  killwL 
anipton,  but  hnaily 

ic  most  horrid  urns- 
famous  chiefs  Knn- 


Portland,  i.  143— Iw, 


CHipVni]  KANKAMAGUS.-INDtAN   LETTERS.  113 

y^rus  and  Massnmlowet,  and  tho  barbarous  murder  of  Major  Wcddron  and 

iiianv'of  his  jieojile. 

K\NK.AiMA(ilJS,  commonly  in  the  histoi-ies  culled  Hopkins,  Hawidns,  or 
Hikitis  was  u  Pennakook  sachem,  and  an  artful,  persevering,  faithful  nmn,  as 
,  J  as  he  eould  depend  upon  th.;  English  for  prot'Ction.  lUu  when  (Jitveriior 
Cmfidd  of  New  Ham[)shire,  used  his  enueavors  to  bring  down  the  Mohawks 
10  destroy  the  eastern  Indians,  in  1(584,  who  were  constantly  stirred  up  by  the 
French  to  (;oinmit  depredations  upon  the  English,  Kankanuurtis,  knowing  the 
Miilmwks  made  no  distinction  where  they  cana;,  tied  to  the  eastward,  imd 
joined  the  Androscoggins.  He  liad  a  fort  upon  tliat  river,  where  his  tanuly 
and  that  of  another  sachem,  culled  JVorotnbos,  or  IVorombo,  lived.  But  beibre 
lit'  tied  his  country,  he  addressed  several  letters  to  th(!  governor,  which  dis- 
(DVir  ids  fidelity  as  wedl  us  his  fears  ;  and  from  which  there  is  no  doubt  but 

ii.  would  always  gladly  hav(^  lived  in  his  own  cotmtry,  and  on  the  most  jnti- 

iiate  and  friendly  terms  with  the  English,  to  whom  he  had  become  attached, 
iind  liad  adopted  nnich  of  their  manner,  and  could  read  and  write,  but  for 
the  reiu^ons  just  stated.     The  Ibllowing  letters  fully  explain  the  situation  of 

his  mind  and  his  feelings,  at  the  time  he  expected  the  Mohuwks  would  ravage 

his  country  :— 

'•,V(ii/  15</i,  1G85.  Honor  governor  my  friend.  You  my  friend  I  desire  your 
mrskip  and  your  power,  because  I  hope  you  can  do  som  great  maiters  this  one.  1 
am  poor  and  naked,  and  have  no  men  at  my  place  because  I  qfraid  allways  Mohogs 
k  will  kill  me  every  day  and  night.  If  your  worship  when  please  pray  help  mt  you 
m  Id  Mohogs  kill  me  at  my  place  at  Malamake  River  called  PanuMog  and  Jvd- 
tukkoe,  I  wM  submit  your  worship  and  your  power.  And  now  I  want  ponder  and 
such  alminishon,  shatt  and  guns,  because  1  have  forth  at  my  h  >a,  and  I  plant 
Ikare." 

This  all  Indian  hand,  but  pray  you  do  consider  your  humble  servant. 


m 
anil 


Simon  Detogkom,* 

Joseph  X  Trask, 

Ki.no  5  Harry, 

S.\.>i  Co  LiMS, 

Wapeguanat  n)j  Saguachdwashat, 

Old  X  Robin  , 

AIamanosoues  $  Andra. 


JOHN  HOGKINS, 

Petef  oHo  Robin, 

Mr.  Jorge  X  Roounnondkgcs, 

Mr.  Hope  X  HoTH,t 

John  Toneh, 

John  do  Canowa, 

John  X  Owamosimmin, 

Natonill  i{  Indian. 


The  same  day,  as  appears  by  the  date  ot  it,  Hogkins  wrote  the  following 
'tter,  wliich  bears  the  same  signature  as  the  above  : — 

"  Honor  Mr.  Governor, — JVoto  this  day  I  com  your  housf,  I  vant  se  you,  and  I 
imn?  mji  liand  at  before  you  I  want  shake  hand  to  you  if  your  worship  when  please, 
Hen  receive  my  hand  then  shake  your  hand  and  my  hand.  You  my  friend  because 
Inminher  at  old  time  when  live  my  grant  father  and  grant  mother  then  English- 
wn  com  this  country,  then  my  grant  father  and  Englishmen  they  make  a  good 
pmnment,  they  friend  allwayes,  my  grant  father  living  at  place  ccUled  Malanutke- 
nm,  other  name  chef  JVatiikko  and  Fanukkog,  that  one  rever  sreat  many  names 
md  I  bring  you  this  few  skins  at  thisfrst  tim£  I  toill  giue  m  'fnend. 

"  This  dl  Indian  )ianrf." 

The  two  following  are  from  the  same. 

"  Please  your  worship, — /  will  intreat  you  matther  you  my  friend  now  [  ] 

this  if  my  hulian  he  do  you  long  pray  you  no  put  your  law,  because  som  my  Indiana 
fool,  som  men  much  love  drunk  then  he  no  knotc  what  he  do,  may  be  he  do  mischief 
ichen  he  drunk  if  so  pray  you  must  let  me  know  what  lie  done  because  I  toill  ponis 


The  same  called  Betokom  in  Gookin,  probably. — See  atUe,  Book  ii.  Chap.  vii. 
10 


m 


m 


m 


Wt 


4'. 

e  ', 


i&\ 


'.t 


J  j^ 


\     ^, 


\  Perhaps  Hopehood, 


|- 


■nhm 


114 


KANKAMAGUS— INDIAN  TREATY. 


[Book  III, 


I! 


want  go  horn  at  this  day, 
"May  IG,  1085. 


him  ai^at  wha:  he  liaue  done,  you,  you  my  friend  if  you  desire  my  6i(#j),f,,,,  (;, 
sent  me  I  toill  help  you  if  I  can,  John  IIookix;," 

"Mr,  Mason, — Pray  I  want  speak  you  a  few  words  if  your  worship  tvhen  iilu-,, 
because  I  com  parfas  t  will  speake  this  governor  hut  he  go  away  so  he  saii «(  /„,, 
night,  and  so  far  I  understand  this  governor  his  potvcr  that  your  power  nou;  su  h 
speak  his  otori  imuth.    Pray  if  you  take  what  I  want  pray  com  ..  me  btcaim  / 

Your  humble  servant, 

John  IIoukins,  Indian  sagimrP 

About  tlie  time  these  letters  were  written,  persons  were  sent  amoiv  th,. 
Indiuns  to  iiscertuin  wlietlier,  a  was  reported,  they  were  nssuniini;  a  \vaijj]^|, 
attitude.  Tliose  to  wlioin  tli<!  inquiry  was  intru-sted,  on  thiiir  return  ifiiort^ 
ed,  "tliat  lour  Indians  came  from  Ibrt  Albany  to  the  Ibrt  at  Penaoo(';,aiidiii. 
formed  them  [the  Indians  there]  that  all  the  Mohawks  did  declare  tlicv  woul,! 
kill  all  Indians  from  Uncus  at  Mount  Hope  to  the  eastward  as  liir  us  Pciryiixnt 

"  The  reason  oiWutombamat,  sagamore  of  Saco,  departed  his  place  Was,  u'. 
cause  the  *!ame  news  was  brought  there,  as  himself  declared,  upon  roudin^ 
my  orders  at  Pcnacook.  JVatomhamai  is  gone  to  carry  the  Indians  down  to 
the  same  place,  where  they  .vere  before  dejjarted  from  us  on  Suiuluy  main. 
Ing,  and  desired  Ca])tain  Hooke  to  meet  liim  at  Saco  five  days  alk'r.  lidti, 
sagamores  of  Pcnacook,  viz.  ff'onalansel  and  Mesandoivit,  the  latter  of  wlm || 
is  come  down,  did  then  declare  they  had  no  intention  of  war,  neither  imli ij 
are  they  in  any  posture  lor  war,  being  about  ^4  men,  besides  s(|uinvs  ami 
papooses.  The  reason,  they  said,  why  they  did  not  come  among  the  Eiii'IMi 
as  formerly,  was,  their  fear,  that  if  the  Mohawks  came  and  fought  tlieni,  mid 
they  should  fly  for  succor  to  the  English,  that  then  the  Mohawks  would  ki|| 
all  the  English  for  liarboring  them." 

Notwithstanding  this  state  of  afiairs,  commissioners  met  the  Indians  nn 
the  8  Septend)er,  1G85,  and  a  peace  was  concluded  "between  the  subjects  of 
his  Majesty  King  James  II,  inhabiting  N.  Hampshire  and  Maine,  and  the  In- 
dians  inhabiting  the  said  provinces."  The  articles  were  subscribed  on  ilie 
port  of  the  Indians  by 

7%c  mark  ^  of  John  Nomo.m, 
alias  Upsawae 
"       0  of  Umbesnowah, 
alias  RoBLf, 


I%c  mark  ^  of  Mesandowit. 
"        X  of  Wahowah, 

alias  HopEHOOD. 
"         v^  of  Tecamorisick, 

alias  JosiAS. 


The  following  signers  agree  to  comply  with  the  terms  of  the  treaty  "aj 
their  neighbors  have  done." 


The  mark  '\S  of  Netambomet, 


M 


C 
0 


of  Wahowah,  alias 

HoPEHOOD. 

of  Ned  Hiogon 
of  Newcome 


KANCAMAGUS,  alias 

John  Hawkins,  saganwre. 

signed  this  instrument,  19th  7ber, 

1685,  his  □  mark. 
Bagesson,  alias  Joseph  Trask, 

his  g*  mark.    And  agreed  to  all 

within  written. 


Whether  Hogkins  were  among  the  Penakooks  seized  by  Major  Walim 
about  ten  years  before,  is  not  certain,  or,  if  he  were,  it  is  liot  probable  any 
resentment  remained  in  his  breast  against  him  on  that  account,  as  the  Pen- 
nakooks  were  all  permitted  to  return  home ;  but  it  is  certain  that  he  was  the 
director  and  leader  in  the  dreadful  calamity  which  fell  upon  Waldron  not 
long  afterward,  and  which  is  as  much  chargeable  upon  the  maltreatment 
they  received  from  the  English,  at  least,  as  upon  any  agency  of  the  French, 
It  may  be  true  that  many  belonging  to  the  eastward,  who  were  seized  with 
the  Pennakooks,  and  sold  or  left  in  foreign  countries,  had  found  their  way 
back  among  their  friends  again,  and  were  glad  of  the  first  opportui'ity  of 
revenging  themselves  upon  the  author  of  thoir  unjust  expatriation. 

Major  Waldron  lived  at  Dover,  then  called  by  its  Indian  name,  (lmckt}['h 


ns  of  the  treaty  "as 


("hap 


Vlir.]        KANKAMAOUS  — ni'.STHUCTION  OF   DOVER, 


115 


suiprist'  "1  t''*'  pl'icr,  and  had  otiua's  hosiiK'  tlic  Pciii 
iiliiicf  rt'iuly  hi  gioat  immheis,  to  proscn-uto  th«;  imilcr 


i,,  Xcw  IhitiipHliirp,  hi  a   strong  garrisoii-hoiiHi',  at  wliu-li   place  wertf  also 

•others.     Kiinknmitu;us  liad  artfully  contrivtnl  a  stratagitiu  to  eilhct  the 

Pciiiiakooks  I'loni  ditlurunt 
■rtakiii<jr.  Thu  |ilaii  was 
ilii.".  Two  squaws  were  si-iit  to  each  garrisoii-liousi"  to  get  lihcrty  to  stay  for 
the  ni"lit,  uiid  when  all  shouhl  lie  ash'cp,  they  were  to  o|)(!ii  the  gates  to  tiic 
warriois.  Mcumtulowct,  wlio  was  next  to  Kaiikatmifrus,  went  to  Miyor  JVal- 
irnns^mA  iiit()ruied  him  that  the  Indians  wouhl  come  tlie  next  day  and  trade 
Hiili  liiiii-  Wliile  at  supper  with  the  major,  Musandowd  said  to  lum,  with  an  air 
^ij' tiimiliarity,  " Brother  WuWroH,  what  wouhl  you  do  if  tin  strange  Indians 
.liKiiJil  coiiio?"  To  which  he  vauntingly  replied,  "that  In  couh!  assenihle 
Ml  imiidicd  men  by  lilling  up  his  finger."  In  this  security  the  gutca  were 
iiiniifd  at  midnight,  and  the  work  of  death  raged  in  all  its  fury.  One  garri- 
Miii  only  escaped,  who  would  not  admit  the  scpiaws.  'J'hey  rushed  into 
l((f/(/ro»'s  house  ill  great  numhers,  and  while  souk?  guarded  the  door,  others 
(•(iiimiciiced  the  slaughter  ol"  all  who  rcisisted.  H'aldron  was  now  tJO  yiars 
uta''(',  vet,  Hci/ing  his  sword,  defended  himself  with  great  resolution,  and  at 
lirsuli'ove  tli(!  Indians  bufore  him  from  room  to  room,  until  one  getting  be- 
hiiul  liiiii,  knocked  him  down  with  his  hatchet.  Tiny  now  seized  upon,  und 
(lr;i|.'f.'t'(l  liiiii  into  the  great  room,  and  placed  him  in  an  armed  chair  upon  a 
tiilik  While  tht'y  were  thus  dealing  wit)i  t\u\  master  of  the  house,  they 
olili"e(l  tiie  family  to  jirovide  tlu-ni  a  supjier,  which  when  they  had  eaten,  they 
took  off  Ills  clothes,  and  proceeded  to  torture  liim  in  the  most  dreadful  man- 
ner. Some  gashed  his  breast  with  knives,  saying,  "/ cross  out  my  account;" 
otiiers  out  off  joints  of  his  fingers,  and  said  to  liiin,  "  JVow  wUl  your  ftst  weigh 
a  pound')" 

After  cutting  off  his  nose  and  ears,  and  forcinj?  tlicm  into  his  mouth,  ho 
became  faint  from  loss  of  blood  ;  ami  some  holding  his  own  sword  on  end 
11(1(111  the  floor,  let  him  full  ujion  it,  and  thus  ended  his  misery. 

Tlie  Indians  had  been  greatly  abused  and  wronged  in  their  trading  with 
tliewliites,  and  it  is  a  tradition  to  this  day  all  over  that  jiart  of  the  country, 
tiiat  Major  Wcddron  took  great  advantage  of  them  in  trade,  and  did  not  cross 
out  their  accounts  when  they  had  paid  him;  und  that,  in  buying  beaver,  his 
fist  was  accounted  to  weigh  a  pound.  Although  he  may  have  taken  no  more 
advantage  of  the  Indians  than  the  majority  of  Indian  traders,  yet,  ut  this  dis- 
tant day,  extenuation  will  not  be  looked  for  in  impartial  accounts  of  tlie 
transactions  of  our  ancestors  with  the  Indians. 

To  enumerate  the  villanies  practised  upon  this  devoted  people,  would  be 
to  expose  to  everlasting  odium  the  majority  of  frontier  traders  from  the 
earliest  to  the  present  time ;  but  true  history,  uow-a-days.  is  but  little  read, 
and  little  indeed  where  the  facts  militate  against  the  pride  of  ancestry.  A 
history  of  wrongs  and  snflferings  preserved  only  to  be  read  by  those  who 
iiave  coiiiniitted  them,  must  be  an  unwelcome  record !  It  was,  and  to  this 
day  is,  iu  many  places,  a  uniform  practice  among  speculators  or  land-jobbers, 
to  get  the  Indians  drunk,  and  then  make  their  bargains  witli  them !  Li  the 
time  of  Philip's  war,  an  Androscoggin  Indian  said  "  that  he  had  given  an 
kndrcd  poumihr  water  drawn  out  of  Mr.  P.  [Purchas]  his  well."*  But  to 
return  to  our  narrative. 

i^everal  were  killed  at  each  of  the  garrison-houses  that  fell  into  their  hands. 
They  kept  the  place  until  the  next  morning,  when,  after  collecting  all  the 
plunder  they  could  carry,  took  up  their  march,  with  29  captives,  into  the  wil- 
derness towards  Canada ;  where  the  chief  of  them  were  bought  by  the  French, 
and  in  time  got  hojne  to  their  country  again.  Twenty-three  were  killed  be- 
fore they  left  the  place.  This  affair  took  place  on  the  night  of  the  27th  of 
!  June,  1689.  Several  fiiendly  Indians  informed  the  English  at  Chelmsford 
of  the  certainty  of  an  attack  upon  Dover,  and  they  caused  a  letter  to  be  de- 


•  Hubbard,  ii.  Tl.—Ttiomas  Purchase's  house  at  Pegypsoot  was  among  the  first  that  fell  a 
I  prey  to  the  eastern  Indians  in  Philip's  war.  In  tlic  beginning  of  September,  about  20  of  them 
I  will  there,  and  at  first  offered  to  trade,  but  Mr.  Purchase  and  his  son  being  from  home,  they 
I  look  what  they  liked  without  even  asking  the  price  of  it,  killed  a  few  sheep  auid  calves,  and 
Vned.    Ibid,  14, 16.  ^        f  >  i-  > 


■;_>?;.*:'a 


■•      i  I  It"-'!'. 


■vmw 


S?i-<« 


W: 


'  V:  '■        ^  <    'lf.j' 


'■4*- 


.Mm 


116 


HOPEIIOOD.— ATTACK  ON  NEWICHEWANNOK.        [Book  m 


spotchod  in  srasoti  to  liiivn  notified  the  people,  but  on  account  of  hoiik!  delay 
at  Ntwbury  ferry,  the  IxMiefit  oftliat  int()rinatioii  was  lost. 

Four  years  after,  ('oloncl  Church  took  Woroinbo^s  fort,  in  wliich  woro  f(m- 
kamagus^a  \y\^v.  uml  children.  This  fort  was  upon  the  Androscojrjrin,  „|„„u 
25  or  IJO  miles  from  its  inoutii.  In  another  place,  we  have  given  a  |,i.t„r\ 
of  Churches  expedition  to  tliis  Ibrt.  The  prisoners  taken  here  infornicd  Chunl 
that  there  had  been  lately  a  great  council  held  there  by  tne  Indians,  in  wlii,!, 
" many  were  for  peace  and  many  against  it;"  but  they  finally  agrccil  i„  ,,,, 
with  JOO  warriors  to  Wells  with  a  flag  of  truce,  and  to  oft'er  the  Knrrli"), 
peace,  whif'h  if  not  accepted,  they  wonhl  then  fall  upon  tlieni.  "If "tin 
could  not  take  Wells,  tiien  they  resolved  to  attack  Piscatarpia.  The  wliicl,' 
says  Church,  when  we  were  well  informed  of,  we  left  two  old  8(]im\vs  tli;,l 
were  not  able  to  inarch,  gane  them  victuals  enough  for  one  week  of  tluirdwn 
corn,  boiled,  and  a  little  of  our  pruisions,  and  buried  their  dead,  and  IcU  iIki,, 
clothes  enough  to  keep  them  warme,  and  left  the  wigwams  for  them  U)  \w 
in  :  guur,  them  orders  to  tell  their  friends  how  kind  we  were  to  tlicin,  liiiiinj. 
them  doe  the  like  to  ours.  Also  if  they  were  for  peace  to  come  tt)  iiooiliiian 
SmaWSf  att  Barwick,  within  14  days,  who  woidd  attend  to  discourse  iIki,,. 
then  we  came  away  with  our  own  five  captiues,  [English  that  they  liml  i|,. 
livered,]  and  nine  of  theirs."* 

In  the  same  letter  we  are  informed  that  among  these  prisoners  wrrr- 
Kankamagiui's  wife  and  four  children.  His  brother-in-law  was  taken,  Imt  I,, 
"  ran  away  fiom  them."  Among  the  slain  was  Kanknmagus^s  own  sister.  \ 
girl  was  brought  away  whose  father  and  mother  had  been  slain  bit'ort'  Im 
eyes.  Two  of  the  children  of  Worombo  were  also  among  the  i)risoners,allof 
whom  were  carried  to  I'limouth.  This  expedition  upon  the  Androsiowin 
was  on  Sunday,  14  September.  1690. 

A  few  days  after  this.  Church  landed  at  Casco,  where  the  Indians  fell  n|ioii 
him  by  surprise,  and  were  not  beaten  off  for  some  time,  and  then  oiih  In 
hard  fighting.  This  was  on  the  21  Septeniber.  Church  had  seven  inun  iillleil 
and  24  wounded,  two  of  whom  died  in  a  day  or  two  after.  The  Lidiuiiswlio 
made  this  attack  were  probably  led  by  Kankamagus  and  Worombo, 

HopEHOOD  was  a  chief  nearly  as  celebrated,  and  as  much  detested  in  iiis 
time,  as  the  chiefs  of  whom  vve  have  just  spoken.  He  was  chief  of  tiie  tribe 
of  the  Kennebecks  generally  known  as  the  Nerigwoks.  He  was  the  son  ol' 
Robinhoodf  a  sachem  of  whom  we  have  spoken  in  a  former  chapter.  Accord- 
ing  to  some  writers  Hopehood  was  also  known  by  the  name  nohnwa.\  The 
career  of  his  warlike  exploits  was  long  and  bloody.  Our  first  notice  of  liim 
is  in  Philip's  war,  at  the  attack  of  a  house  at  Newichewannok,  since  Berwick. 
in  Mauie.  Fifteen  persons,  all  women  and  children,  were  in  the  house,  and 
Hopehood,  with  one  only  beside  himself,  Andrew  of  Saco,  whom  we  iiavc  !»• 
fore  mentioned  as  an  accomplice  with  Symon,  thought  to  surprise  tlieiii,  and 
but  for  the  timely  discovery  of  their  approach  by  a  young  woman  witiiin, 
would  have  effected  their  purpose.  She  fastened  and  held  the  door,  «iiile 
all  the  others  escaped  unobserved.  Hopehood  and  his  companion  hewed 
down  the  door,  and  knocked  the  girl  on  the  head,  and,  otherwise  woiiiidiiif 
her,  left  her  for  dead.  They  took  two  children,  which  a  fence  had  kept  from 
escaping.  One  they  killed,  the  other  they  carried  off  alivs.  The  younj 
woman  recovered,  and  was  entirely  well  afterwards. 

One  of  the  most  important  actions  in  which  Hopehood  was  engaged  was 
that  against  Salmon  Falls  in  New  Hampshire,  which  is  minutely  detailedliy 
Charlevoix,  from  whose  history  we  translate  as  follows.  Three  expeditions  liad 
been  set  on  foot  by  Governor  Frontenac,  the  troops  for  which  had  been  raised 
at  three  places,  Montreal,  Three  Rivers,  and  Quebeck.  Those  raised  a! 
Three  Rivers  were  ordered  against  New  England  ;  and  such  was  the  iiisij- 
uificance  of  that  place,  that  but  .52  men  could  be  raised,  including  5  Algon- 
quins  and  20  Sokokis :  these  Indians  had  lately  returned  from  an  eastern 
expedition.     They  had  at  their  head  one  of  the  officers  of  the  colony,  lo 

*  Manuscript  letter  written  at  tlie  time  by  Church,  and  sent  to  Governor  Hinckletj  of 
Plimouth. 

t  Harris,  in  his  Voyages,  ii.  302,  who  says  he  was  a  Huron;  but  as  he  cites  no  aulhoriiiei, 
we  know  not  how  he  came  by  his  information. 


CB»r.  VIII]    HOPEIIOOD— DKSTRUCTION  OF  SALMON   FALLS. 


117 


ttiioiii  i'<»iil<l  be  iiitriiHtt'd  lli«!  cvf)  iit'iDii  of  an  (enterprise  of  siicli  ii  natin-e, 
^jill,  (lie  gn-atcHt  confidi  nn- ;  Mucli  in  the  testimony  wliicli  Count  Fronltnitc 
,,;ni.  la  a  letter  wliicli  Ik;  wniti;  at  tin-  time  to  .M.  dt  Stii^nilaif.  Tliat  ollicer 
*.i,l|i,.  riieiu* //c/7t7.  In  the  small  company  uliieli  lit;  i-omlnaMileil,  lie  liad 
thri'i!  t'l  ''"*  '''""^  "'"'  ^^^"  of  his  ne|the\vs ;  viz.  The  Sieur  Crcviei;  Lovd 
oi'S.  Frnncoi-i,  and  the  Sieiir  (tutiimtu. 

He  Icl't  Three  Kivers  tin;  tiH  .lanuarv  KiOO,  procccdinj,'  direetly  Hoiith  into 
till' ciiiintry,  leavin;;  Lakt;  (.'hamphiin  to  his  left,  then  turniii*;  to  the  east,  and 
iiitirii  loi'k  "'"'  i'"fif-'ed  march  he  arrived  on  the '^7  *  Marcli,  near  Salmon 
I'liils.t  which  he  had  reconnoitred  hy  liis  spies,  lie  then  dividtul  his  men 
ii;i(i  llirt'c  companies  ;  the  first,  (H)mposed  of  15  men,  was  ordered  to  attack 
;i  liir;.'!' I'lirtiricd  house.  Tin;  scsc.ond,  consisting'  of  11  men,  was  ordered  to 
„i/r  iijioii  a  li)rt,  defended  hy  lour  bastions.  The  third,  which  Ilerkl  com- 
„i;iii(lt(l  ill  person,  marched  to  attack  u  still  jrreater  tort,  which  was  delendtil 
U  ("iiimiii.  All  wus  e.vecuted  with  a  conduct  and  bravery  which  astonished 
:,,.  I!i:"liflii  ^^'bo  mad(!  at  first  stout  resistance;  but  they  could  not  witli- 
«i;iinltlif  fire  of  the  as.sailants :  the  bravest  were  cut  to  pie<'es,  |  and  the 
iH,  Mtlio  ininiber  of  ."il,  were  madi!  |)risoners  of  war.     It  cost  the  victors 

ill  mil'  iTcnclmian,  who  had  bis  thiffli  broken,  mid  who  died  the  next  day  : 
.Hidusos  were  reduced  to  ashes,  and  2000  §  domestic  animals  porished  in 
;ic  hiiiiis,  which  bad  been  set  on  lire. 

SaliiKiii  Falls  tvas  but  six  leujfues  from  a  f^cat  town  called  Pascataqua,|j 
ir . Ill  wlii'iice  men  enough  mi<(ht  be  sent  to  swallow  up  Heiiel,  mu\  cut  of! 
I> rctriat.  In  fact,  upon  the  cveniii};  of  the  same  day  two  savajjes  gave 
iiiiiict;  that  20011  Kiifrlish  were  advancing  to  attack  them.  Herfel  exjiected 
ii,  iiiiilliad  taken  his  measures  to  frustrate  tliosc  of  li''s  enemy.  He  drew 
i;|i  his  iiK'U  in  order  of  battle  upon  the  edge  of  a  river,**  over  wiiicli  there 
wiis  ;i  very  narrow  bridge,  one  extremity  of  wliicli  he  liad  secured,  and  it 
Hiis  iinpoWihle  for  the  English  to  come  upon  him  at  aiiy  other  point.  They, 
liimever,  attempted  it,  despising  the  small  nmnbers  of  the  French,  whom 
tiny  piiiragcd  with  great  confidence.  Hertel  suflered  them  to  advance  with- 
out tirini;  a  gun,  aiid  all  at  one  ell  upon  them,  sword  in  hand ;  8  were 
killed  ami  10  wounded  in  the  first  shock,  and  the  rest  fled  with  precijiita- 
tiuiuft  He  lost  in  this  encounter  the  brave  Crevier,  his  nephew,  and  one  of 
llie  fiokokis.  La  Freaniere,  bis  elder  sou,  was  shot  in  the  knee ;  the  scar  of 
wliicli  woiiiul  he  bore  for  50  years.  \\ 

As  Hertel  ^^  was  returning  to  Canada,  he  fell  in  with  another  party  of  his 
coimtniiien,  which  proved  to  be  that  raised  at  Q,uebec,  before  mentioned, 
\u\ier  M.  de  Portneuf,  WW  uud  with  him  agreed  upou  an  expedition  against 

•  Bflknap,  Hist.  N.  H.  i.  132,  following  Mather,  Magiialia,  vii.  C8,  dales  this  afTair  18 
Minli:  ilicrc;  is  in  roality  no  error,  allowing  I'or  llie  ditTerence  of  style,  (except  one  day ;)  the 
Kii:li,<ii  not  yel  having  adopted  ihe  Gregorian  melliod,  which  the  I^rench  had. — See  Book  II. 

I  Itp.  11. 


*  I'rrs  d'une  bourgade  Angloisc,  appellee  Sementels. 

;  .Mmui  30  were  killed,  according  to  Belknap,  Mist.  N.  IL  i.  132. 


i  Cktirlt'eoir  has  been  misconstrued  by  some  authors,  and  made  to  say  2000  head  of  cattle 
I  «pro  huriicd. — See  Williamson,  Hist.  Maine,  i.  G19,  who  probably  did  not  refer  to  the  text  of 
('  :rlmii.r.  or  perhaps  used  an  exceptionable  translation.    "  Detix  mille  pieces  de  hetail  peri- 
I  r-'!'Lmsles  elables,  okl'on  avoit  mis  le/eit."     Nouvelle  France,  ii.  51. 

Somciiiels  n'oloit  qu'a  six  lieuCis  d'une  assez  grosse  bourgaile  de  )i  Nouvelle  Angleterre, 
In  :;imi'o  I'escadotif't.     Nounelle  France,  ii.  51. 

'  ■■  About  MO  men."    Belknav,  ii.  132. 

■"  Uoosier's  River,  in  Berwick.    Ibid. 

'<  The  English  advanced  with  ^reat  intrepidity,  and  a  warm  engagement  ensued,  which 
;.'  il  lill  niglit,  when  they  retired  with  the  loss  of  (our  or  five  killed.    Sid. 

::  The  English,  although  warned  by  the  fate  of  Schenectaday,  "  dreamt,"  says  Mather,  "  that 
jwhili' the  deep  snow  of  the  winter  continued,  they  were  safe  enough;  but  this  proved  as  vain 
j»>  a  ilream  of  a  dry  summer.  On  March  18,  the  French  and  Indians,  being  half  one,  half 
ll'oihcr,  halflndianised  French,  and  half  Frenchified  Indians,  commanded  by  Monsieur  Artel 
ttiiij  U''np.I{ood,  fell  suddenly  upon  Salmon-falls,"  &c.    Magnalia,  vii.  68. 

ji  The  English  called  him  Artel,  as  his  name  was  pronounced.    See  Magnolia,  ibid. 

iiil  The  French  wrote  English  namn';  (|uecr  enough,  but  really  I  should  be  sadly  puzzled  to 
ltt!l  which  should  laugh  at  the  other  :  however,  inodt;rn  writers  should  not  copy  old  errors  of 
jKiiorance.  It  is  easy  to  see  how  we  come  by  the  name  of  ButTteffe  in  our  Histories  of  Neio 
tEnglMd.StiC  Hist.  Maine,  i.  C21 . 


iV^' 


ti*-.|.'':J.  lis 

-■'  ■  'i'-ikY'A 


'*3^!»''''lcitSS||f 


'.-■•?.  .'.4  ■J..TjajA'\- 


lis 


ii<)i'i;ii(i()i— i)i:sTia'<  Tio.N  oi'  CAsro. 


[Boos  III 


CiiHCd.     A-  /'o//;iri;/' iii.'iri'licd  tlir<iii;rli  ll oiiiifry  of  tlic  AlM'iiakis,  n,,,, 

it|"  tlinii  joiin  (I  liiiii,  iiikI  lit!  cnmi'  iiilo  the  iii'i;flilMirli<iO(|  ol"  ("iiNCd,  aViimf 
in;;  lo  tlic  I'lciicli  nccoiiiit,  on  tlu;  '2.">  iVIay.  On  tlic  l»illo\viii;r  "i;;lit,  lie  ,,,,' 
arcil  an  anihiish,  and  towanls  niornin;^  an  Kn;.'li.slinian  till  into  it  niiiUt.^ 
ilii'd.  Tli«'  Indiana  then  rained  the  \var-\vli()0|»,  ami  altont  noon  .">()  Ku^i^J 
inarclicd  onl  I'roni  tli(!  j^arrison  to  learn  what  was  the  occawinn  nf  ji;  |||| ' 
in:idc  no  discovery  nntil  they  were  within  u  few  paces  of  the  aMiiiiiHJi, Vi„j, 
tiny  were  fired  upon:  and  hefitre  they  <"oiild  rewist  wen;  fallen  n|Miii  hvn,! 
■''niicli  and  Indians  with  their  swords  and  toniaimwks  with  ^'reat  s|iii|Mi,t,,.. 
lint  four  escaped,  and  tlies«i  were  liadiy  wunnthd. 

Tiu!  Kniflish  seeing  now  th(!y  ninst  stand  a  siege,  al)andone(I  fiiiir  ^'i,),-,. 
sons,  and  all  retired  into  one,  which  was  providt^d  witii  cannon.  liiDiiiMii,. 
were  abandoned,  an  attack  was  made  ujton  one;  of  them,  in  wliicli  t  , 
I'rench  were  repnised,  with  the  loss  of  one  Indian  killet!  and  one  I'ldi,  . 
man  wounded.  Portneuf  hepm  now  to  doiiht  of  Ins  idiility  to  take  (j,,,,, 
i'earing  the  issue ;  for  his  coniniission  only  ordered  him  to  lay  wasti'  iji. 
Knjilish  settlements,  und  not  to  attonipt  fortiHed  places  ;  hut  in  tiiis  (lilcinn,;, 
y/er/c/ uiul  llopKHooi)  arrived.*  It  was  now  determined  to  press  iIkm,,., 
In  the  deserted  forts  they  found  all  the  necessary  tools  for  carr\iii;'oiiiii, 
work,  and  they  befran  u  mine  within  50  feet  of  the  fort,  under  a  st((|i junii, 
which  entirely  protected  them  from  its  frims.  The  I"'nf,'lisli  hcciuiii'  ili.! 
coiirajied,  and  on  the  28+  May  surrendered  themselves  prisontis  of  w„r 
'J'liere  were  70  men,  and  probably  a  much  {greater  number  of  Wdiiiin  ,1,1 
children.  All  of  whom,  except  Captain  /)auis,  who  commanded  the  f.'iiinM,;i. 
and  three  or  lour  others,  were  given  up  to  the  Indians,  who  nuinlcnMJ  iiin.| 
of  them  in  their  cruel  manner;  and  if  the  accounts  be  true,  Hojdm' 
excelled  all  other  savages  in  acts  of  cruelty.  In  the  course  of  tlm  nm'^ 
month,  with  a  small  party  he  fell  upon  Fox  Point,  in  New  IlanipwliiiT,  kilW 
about  fourlleen  jjersons,  and  carried  away  six,  alter  burning  several  Iioim. 
This  was  as  easily  done,  says  Cotton  Mather,  \  "  as  to  have  sfioiled  an  (iniinm 
hen-roost."  Two  companies  of  English  soon  collected  and  pursued  tlicin; 
came  up  with  them,  killed  some,  and  recovered  considerable  ])luii(ler.  hi 
this  action  Hopeliood  was  wounded,  and  lost  his  gun.  § 

Many  were  the  horrid  acts  of  barbarity  inflicted  on  the  prisoners tiik'i, 
at  this  time.  Not  long  after  this,  Hopehood  went  to  the  westward,  'Mviilu 
design,  says  Mather,  to  bewitch  another  crew  at  Aquadocta  into  liis  iissi-t- 
ance."  The  Indians  of  Canada  and  the  Five  Nations  were  then  ai  war, 
and  he  being  in  their  country,  was  n>"t  by  some  of  the  Canada  li;ili:iii<, 
who,  taking  liirn  to  be  of  the  Iroquois  nation,  slew  him  and  many  of  lii> 
companions.  He  had  been  once  s  captive  to  the  English,  aiid  served  a  tiiiiH 
in  Boston  ai  a  slave.  There  appears  to  have  been  another  Nerigwok  riiii! 
of  the  same  name,  who  treated  with  Governor  Dudley  at  Casco,  in  170:}.: 

We  have,  in  narre  ,ing  the  events  in  the  life  of  Mndokawnndo,  noticid il p 
voyage  of  Major  Ji  aldron  to  the  eastern  coast  of  Maine,  wl.icli  wusiittb 
close  of  Philip's  war.  How  much  treachery  was  manifested  at  that  tiiiif  li; 
the  Indians,  which  caused  the  English  to  massacre  many  of  tlicm,  we  sidl 
not  take  upon  us  to  declare  ;  yet  this  w;  should  bear  in  mind,  that  we  liii\> 
only  the  account  of  those  who  performed  the  tragedy,  and  not  that  of  \\mt 
who  suffered  in  it. 

Captain  Charles  Frost,  of  Kittery,  was  with  Waldron  upon  that  cx|)e(litioii. 
and,  next  to  him,  a  principal  actor  in  it ;  and,  like  him,  was  killed  by  tiie  j 
Indians  afterwards.  ||     Mr.  Hubbard  gives  this  account  of  his  taking  a  notiJ  j 
warrior  as  follows: — "  Capt.  Frost  seized  an  Indian  called  Mtgummmy 
notorious  rogue,  that  had  been  in  arms  at  Connecticut  last  June,  at  the  fall^ 


*  Madokawando  was  also  at  the  taking  of  Casco,  as  were  the  Dnneijs  and  tlie  Ilw'i'i 
[Higgins]  Captain  Dains's  Nar.  in  3  Coll.  Mas.  Hist.  Soc.  1(H,  5. — Hopehood  had  been  lakei  | 
prisoner,  and  held  as  a  hostage,  with  about  a  dozen  others,  and  was  set  at  liberty  by  Andrfii. 
Kome  time  before.     Ibid, 

t  This  agrees  with  the  English  accounts,  abating  10  days,  as  observed  in  a  note  on  the  iastpajt. 
V   t  Magnalia  Christ.  Americana,  b.  vii.  73.  .    ■■   i  i 

i  "  An  heathen  Indian  would  rather  part  with  his  head  than  with  his  gun."    iiOsW,ii.21l  | 

y  At  his  native  place,  4  July,  161)7.    MS.  letter  of  John  Farmer,  Esq. 


ciiAf'  'X.; 


nOMAZEEN. 


Ill) 


upon  that  cxiiediiion, 
m,  was  killed  by  tlie 
t  of  liis  tukiii?  a  iiotci! 
called  Megmmmu 

last  June,  at  the  lalU 


I  M\w  tlint  i)rnve  nnd  r«!Molutt',  (/'apt.  Tvmrr,  wlion  he  was  nlaiii  about 

Tr  I'll  Kivi-r;  and  lirlncd  to  kill   Thonuuf  linuktt*  iit  ("uHro,  [lllh]  An^Mist 

,'    i|(;7tl.|     And  with   the  liflp  of  1/u'iit.  A'l///",  iifrordinn  U)  the  niajtti'rt 

jir,  iiirrit'd  hiin  alioard  "  their  vcmscI.     '•  Hy  tliH  time,"  the  sanu    author 

iiiiiimM'S  "'*•""""'  ''"'  •■"•'«'"''■"  wero  j,'ot  anhort',  and  instantly,  aiM-ordinj,' 

ilii'ir  iiiiijor's  ('oniiuand,  jiurHurd  th<>  nifiny  t^iwanls  their  eanoen.  In  the 
lii^c  Ht'Vi'Viil  of  the  enemy  were  Klain,  whone  bodies  these  Isiildirrs]  lound 
itiiiir  rt'tiirii,  t<>  the  lunnher  of  seven  ;  ainoiiffst  whoiu  was  Mdllfdininlo, 
ill,  «)iLfniinire,  wi  i  an  old  |iii\v(>w,  to  whom  the  thvil  had  revealed,  as  some- 
(jiiii.i  hcdid  t(»  .Sn(/,  that  on  the  MamiMhiy  he  slioidd  he  with  him;  l«»r  he 
liiiil  II  little  liefort!  told  tlu!  Indians,  tliat  within  two  days  the  i'lnglish  woidd 
,111111'  iiihI  kill  them  all,  whieli  was  at  the  very  same  timo  veritied  upou 
Iiiiii:*i'lt'."  Here  we  must  aeknowledge,  iiotwitliHtandinj^  our  ffrt-at  respect 
i;,riliismitli(»r,  that  his  eomuientary  upon  that  passable  was  ratlier  ;rratiiiti>us. 
ill'  iiii)riit  li"^<'  considered  that  Sauls  amon>?  the  I'^njilisji  woidd  not  he  want- 
iiii:  1)1  whom  parallels  mi^lit  he  made.  Indeed,  the  historian  of  Kankdiniiirun 
niHit  siiV  the  Devil  was  less  deceitfid  with  this  powwow  than  h(!  was  aller- 
Hi'nis  ill  the  case  of  Major  fVuldron. 

The  Kurdish  took  nnich  plunder  from  the  Indians  at  this  time,  amon^ 
wliich  were  about  KJOO  lbs.  of  dried  b(!ef,  and  various  other  commodities. 
.Ifriri'ii'ieit'i'/)  "t^**'*  having  itillen  into  their  huuda  uh  wo  havu  st<itud,  was  shot 
without  cfreinony. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

BoMAZCF.M — Treurhery  of  the  wliilrs  towards  him — Is  imprisoned  ttt  Boston — Saves 
lilt  liff  of  a  female  cavtice — Captures  Sneo — Is  killed — Akhiiu  awikwabemt — 
Wis  rapture  and  death — Eokremet — Seized  at  Pemviaijaid — Uarbaroanlij  mur- 
jfral— Treachery  of  Chuldi — Its  requital — Captain  Tom — Surprises  Hampton — 
On^Y— ///.</<"■<  captured  InjColonel  Church — Hreats of  Church's  ciprdition — Captain 
jJnixd—'frM^s  with  the  Knfrlishat  Casca — His  speech — WATTANiiMMiiN — Captain 
^wir.i— His  fi!(ht  at  Damaris  Cove — Hecjax — One  of  the  name  liarbaropslij  dc- 

'he 
ither 
-Bounty 
nlfrml  for  Indian  scalps — Captain  John  Loveircll's  first  expedition — His  second 
iiuiitfor  Indians — Falls  in  with  Paugus — Flights  him,  and  is  slain — Particulars  of 
llic  uffuir — Incidents — Songs  composed  on  the  event. 


struijd  by  the  whiles — Mooo — Westhrook  burns  JVrrigwok — Some  account  of  the 
Jf.initRasIc — Moul ton's  expedition  to  JVeriffirok — Death  tf  Moirg — Death  of  Father 
i\iiilr—.\otice  of  Moullon — Charlevoix's  account  of  this  affair — Paugus — Bounty 


We  will  continue  here  our  catalogue  of  eminent  chiefs  of  the  east,  which, 
tlioii^li  a  remote  section,  has  no  less  claim  than  any  other ;  and  the  first  of 
tliciii  which  we  shall  introduce  was  called,  by  the  whites, 

Domazeen,  who  was  u  sachem  of  a  tribe  of  the  Canibas,  or  Kemiebecks, 
\vlio»e  residence  was  at  an  ancient  seat  of  sagamores,  upon  a  river  bearing 
their  miitie,  at  a  place  called  JVorridgewock.  \  Whether  Borwizeen  were  the 
leader  in  the  attack  upon  Oyster  River  in  New  Hampshire,  Groton  in  Massa- 
chiisptts,  id  many  other  jjlaces,  about  the  year  1094,  we  cannot  determine, 
but  Hutchmson  says  he  was  "  a  principal  actor  in  the  carnage  upon   'he 

'  Uf  was  hrotlier  to  Anthomi,  and  was  killed  tlie  1'  August,  as  wc  have  mentioned  in  oir 
a.-rouiii  ol'  fiijmnn.    These  Indians,  or  some  of  their  p..  ly  fthat  captured  Anthony  lirackd] 

'  w,iii  oviT  upon  the  neck,  where  they  shot  John  Munjoij  and  Isaac  \^ukely.  Three  men,  wtio 
»i'ro  going  to  reap  at  AiUlwny  Bracket's,  hav'tng  hearfl  from  Munjoy  and  W^u/te/j/of  the  trans- 
aciiiin  ilicrt',  It'll  them  lo  return,  when,  hearing  the  guns,  they  turned  towards  Tliomas  Bracket's, 
»iio  lived  near  Clark's  Point,  where  they  had  left  their  canon,  having  probal>ly  crossed  over 

[  from  Purpooduck.     Here  they  saw  Tliomas  Bracket  shot  down,  and  his  wife  and  chihiren 

j  jakcii;  they  then  made  their  escape  to  Munjoy's  garrison,  at  the  lower  end  of  the  neck,  which 
bad  become  a  place  of  refuge.  Willis's  Hist'.  Portland,  i.  144. — This  was  an  extensive  depre- 
oaiion,  3l  persons  having  been  killed  and  cariicd  into  captivity. 
t  yeris;wok  is  believed  to  be  the  most  proper  way  of  spelling  the  name  of  this  place,  as 

U^reeinghest  with  its  orihoeny;  at  least,  with  that  heard  at  and  in  the  vicinity  of  it,  at  this 
Jay,  as  pronounced  by  the  oldest  inhabitants.  It  is  a  delightful  place,  and  will  be  found  else- 
»herc  described. 


ill 


•..J.,V     ^    .*r    ''*+^H(  ■*■*■». 

■     ■■■•    ■  ■  W'tiS 

,      V  :   '.'I       ^»«W'      'i'lji 


•  :"t.< 


■  ?,  '_.vm. 


?^>1 


120 


ARUUIlAWIKWAnn.MT— TAKEN  AND  KILLED. 

the  firiilv  wIi'mIi  Im-  IiikI   imidr  witli  (Jovcriior  Phi 


[ronx  III 


I  r  the  frriily  wIimIi  Im-  IiikI  imidr  witli  Uovcrnor  iviijm,  in  ](>« 
niiiD'  to  t!i*-  lort  at    l')'iiiiiiai|iii<l  \\'u\i  a  lla^'  •''' l>'iii>*>,'(iiii|  i'' 


.  IJI:>| 


Knjrlisli,"  nO 

Jii   KlJtl,  Ik  .  , ^.^^ 

trcarlirroiiHly  H<>i/.t><l  liy  tlioHt;  wlio  r(iiiii|iaii(li><l,  and  H«>iit  iiriHomr  to  |{,,.t„ 
wli(>r)>  lif  rfiiiaiiK-tl  soiiir  inoiitliH,  in  a  luatlinoiiH'  prison.  In  l7(Hi,  |||'^^ 
baritifs  wrro  ronimiltcil.  ('lii'lniHtiiid,  f^ndlmry,  (imton,  llxrtcr,  iJovcr 
many  (iiIht  places,  siiMl'iTil  inon^  or  less."  .Many  captivcH  were  Inkin  i,,,,! 
carried  to  Canada,  and  many  killed  'in  the  way.  .\  poor  uonian,  our  //,/,„^ 
7Vn//or,  who  liad  arrived  at  the  Hive.  St.  I.awrenee,  was  ultoiit  to  he  ||,|||„,.,| 
hy'iier  master,  an  "  overgrown  Indian,"  named  Sumimm.  'I'lie  liinli  ,11"! 
tre«' on  whieli  lie  was  exeentinfj  his  jiiirpose  ^'uve  way,  and,  while  jn'  „  , 
makinjr  a  second  attempt,  Itomitzfvn  happened  to  he  passinjf,  iuk]  1,. 
cned  her. 

We  hear  of  liini  just  atler  the  death  of  Jlmilinwikirnhrmt,  in  Ortd,, 
1710,  when  he  Tell  upon  Saco  with  tiO  or  70  men,  and  killed  severiil  jun  !, 
nnd  carried  away  some  ca|ttiv'es.  He  is  mentioned  as  a  "  'otorimi.s  |r||„t, 
nnd  yet  hut  ti'W  of  his  acts  ar"  upon  record.  Some  time  aOer  the  pcnn  ,| 
1701,  it  seemed  to  he  conHrmed  hy  the  appearance  of  Homnztrn,  iiiid  iiiimii,, 
{trincipa!  chief,  who  said  the  French  friars  were  ur^iiij?  them  to  hniik  ilmr 
nnioii  with  the  Kn<.'iish,  "/>»/  /Art/  llifif  had  nuulc  no  unpnusidn  o//Mfw.  ;• 
lliei/  were  an  firm  us  the  mouniitins,  itnd  mould  nmlinuv  so  as  loin(  as  Ihi  minnn,! 
7)10011  rndiiird.''^  On  peace  hein;r  made  known  to  the  Indian.s,  as  li(iviii(i  tik,,, 
place  hetween  the  I'Vench  and  Kuf^lish  nat'»ns,  they  came  into  ('aso,  mj;], 
a  flajt  of  truce,  and  soon  after  concluded  a  treaty  at  I'ortsnioiitli,  .\.  || 
(lated  {."{July,  I7IM.      Wom/fZfrH'.s  name  and  mark  are  to  this  trcniy. 

When  Cajitain  Moidton  was  sent  up  to  Nerijrwok,  in  !7'.i4, they  till  iimiij^ 
liomazecn  ahont  'I'acoimet,  where  they  shot  him  as  he  was  escapin;;  liirniii;! 
the  river.  Ntmr  the  town  of  Neri^'wok,  his  wife  and  daufihtcr  wcri',  iii\ 
bnrliaroiiH  manner,  tired  upon,  tlie  dau^'liter  killed,  and  the  mother  tnkin. 

We  purposely  omit  Dr.  ('.  Mnthtfs  account  of  liomazmi's  coiivciNitkn 
with  a  minister  of  Jloston,  while  a  jirisoner  there,  which  anioiintM  td  Iml,. 
else  than  his  recoimtinjf  some  of  the  e.xtravajfant  notions  which  the  I'lin, 
of  Canada  had  maile  many  Indians  hilieve,  to  their  jtrcat  delrinM'iit,,i<l, 
suid  ;  as  that  Jtsui>  Christ  was  a  French  man,  and  the;  \  irj^in  Munj  a  In  mi 
woman';  that  the  French  jrave  them  poison  to  drink,  to  innnnie  tlicni  npiii., 
the  Fn<;lish,  which  made  them  run  mad.  We  liear  of  others,  who,  tutMn. 
them  apiinst  tlut  l']n<.dish,  endeavored  to  make  them  believe,  iininni:  oili.r 
absurdities,  that  they  put  Jisus  Christ  to  death  in  London. 

AiiKUiiAwiKWABKMT,  just  mentioned,  was  a  sacluMu  of  tho  same  trilic, am! 
was  said  to  Ik;  of  Nor  i(|i;ewock  also.  Wo  ran  find  but  very  fi-w  iiiirtiniW. 
of  him,  hut,  tiom  the  fiite  iie  met  with,  it  is  ))resume(l  hi)  had  lircn  \m 
instrumental  in  conti?minf,'  or  la'iufrinjjf  about  the  eastern  war  of  171(1.  li, 
that  year,  Colonel  ff'alton  made  an  expedition  to  the  eastern  coast  of  .M.ib 
with  170  men.  As  thoy  were  encamped  upon  an  island,  the  smoke  (j|  tin ir 
fires  decoyed  .some  of  the  Indiatis  into  their  liands,  amonff  whom  was  ./mi- 
hawiku'ithemt.  Penhalloiv  says,  Ik;  was  "an  active,  bold  fellow,  and  one  dl  an 
undaimted  spirit;  for  when  they  asked  hiui  several  questiov.s,  he  niadclhiiii 
no  n!ply,  and  when  they  tlireaton(>d  him  with  death,  he  laughed  nt  it  irilhm- 
tempt!  At  which  they  delivered  him  up  unto  our  Iriondly  In(lian.s,  wlidsiinn 
became  lii.^  executioners.  Hut  when  the  squaw  saw  the  destiny  nf  Inr 
husband,  she  became  more  flexible,  and  freely  discovered  where  r.n'ii  jmrty 
of  them  encamped."  The  savage  perpetrators  of  this  act  called  tlicii  •'ihi> 
Chrisiian  warriors !  and  it  must  be  ackftowledged  that  civiiiziition  pii!!< 
nothing  in  contrasting  the  conduct  of  the  whites,  under  h'ulton,  and  iliti 
of  liomazecn  towards  a  captive,  just  related. 

Er.F.aKMF.T,  as  we  have  seen,  was  cliief  sachem  of  Kennebeck  in  Iftt'. 
and  his  princi])al  n!sidence  appears  to  have  been  at  Machias.  Tiii.s  cliiif, 
and  IIoNQum,  with  three  or  four  others,  having  been  invited  to  a  cnnfrrninat 
Pemmaquid,  were  treacherously  murdered  there,  KJ  February,  KilM).  'I'licir 
Beiztn-e  and  murder  could  not  have  been  outdone,  by  tlie  greatest  barbnrinii?, 

•  Bomaternwnx  supposed  lo  liavo  li'il  llic  parlv  llial  altnrkcd  tlie  soiitli  pari  of  0)Slcr  Kivii 
now  Durliain,  in  wliicii  10  persons  wurc  killed.    'I'liis  was  on  27  April. 


;nj,ED.      (p,„„„  II, 

vrrnor  r/i/yi.f,  in  |i;.<^ 
Iiif,'  of  Inicr,  1111,1  „,„ 
•lit  priMiiin-  to  |j,„,„| 
)ii.  Ill  I7(M;,  iirw  \^f, 
)Il,  r,\ct(T,  Dover,  i„,| 
ilivfrt  were  tiikcn  i,,,,! 
•r  woimiii,  dill'  Idi,,;, 

IIS    IllHMlt  t(l  Ik'  Iiiii  _,,i 

son.  'I'lic  liiiih  III  I', 
ay,  iitul,  wliilc  I,..  „  . 
Ik;    |mHHiii}f,  mid  |,. 

ikirnhrmt,  in  Ortnlwr. 
killed  Hcvrriil  |i(n||, 
t  II  "  'dldrious  l('||f,« 
line  iiHcr  llif  pcucr  if 
Homdznii,  1111(1  aimilur 
ip  tliciii  to  lirciik  111,  r 
imprissian  on  Ihnn,  <„■ 
»  its  lonif  (IS  Ihr  mm  ni<,! 
iiiliiiiiH,  tiM  liMviii;;  tilriii 

CIIIIU'   into    CllSCII,  \\i;|| 

lit  INirlsiiKiutii,  \,  II, 
to  tlTiH  treaty. 

II  17*24,  tliey  rcll  ill  Will, 
!  wiiH  eseiipiiifr  iliniiii:li 

III  (laiit-'liter  wen,  in  a 
il  the  mother  tnkcn. 
iomnzr('u\<i  coiivrrsitidn 
kvliieli  iiiiioiiiits  til  liiiV 
ions  ^v!^lell  tiic  I'r, mi, 
r  fjreat  (letrimriit,  i,«lii 

\  irjjiii  .Marji  a  rnini, 

0  iiiHaiiie  tiieiii  a^inin-; 
if  others,  \\liti,  tuiArii. 
[1  believe,  aiiionir  mhr 
Ion. 

1  of  the  sjiuie  trilic,  am! 
•lit  very  li'W  iiiirtii'iil;ir« 
iH'd  he  liml  Im'iii  v,r\ 
stern  war  of  1710.  In 

eastern  roast  of  Mnii' 
uitl,  the  smoke  nl  lluir 
nonfj  whom  was  ./mi- 
d  fellow,  niid  niirnl  ;ic 
lestioMS,  lie  iiiailc  iIih;i 
c  IdUf^hed  at  it  wilhm- 
nilly  Indians,  wlioHinn 
iw  the  destiny  <it'  liw 

ercd  where  r.'cli  |iiirty 
3  act  called  thenxhr 

that  civilization  L'nis- 
ndcr   Wulion,  and  tliti 

of  Kenncbcck  in  KIlD. 
Machias.  This  cliiif, 
ivited  toaconferrnnat 
[''ebruary,  KiiXi.  'I'lifi' 
the  grcutost  barbnrinii?, 


rmr 


IX. 


F.f3F.KF.,MF,T. 


121 


io.souilipartofO>slerKivci. 
A|iril. 


f,)r  liiitlilessneHH ;  and  we  nIuiII  learn  that  its  author  |iaid  for  it  in  due  tiiii<> 
uith  \\\*  li''"-  ^^''  '"'''  ""'  dis|iosed  to  add  to  iriinsiietioiiH  which  are  in 
iluiii'i'lves  siillieieiitly  horrible,  lint  we  will  viiitiire  to  ;xivn  the  iiecoiiiit  iw 
.,,  Ilinl  it  in  Mr.  ('.  Mtilher'n  (linnnium  hirtiiosiim  : — * 

» 1,1't  lis,  before  the  jear  be  <)iiite  ^.'orie,  see  some  vefiffeance  taken  npon 
,L.  hmiU  in  Oir  hitu.v  of  Ihr  wirkrif.  Know  tiieii,  reader,  that  rapt.  .U/f/'7i 
ni'iiliiHiiiif!  to  '"'  diHtnissed  from  bis  eommand  ot'  the  tiirt  at  I'emniaipiid, 
ill,.  ('All''  succeeded  him.  'I'liis  f7ii//»  found  an  opportiinitv,  in  a  pretty 
(kuhlitil  iiiaiiiicr,  to  kill  the  fiiiiioiis  llilirnimil  and  .lliiiniuiii,  a  couple  of 
iiriiiiil''''  sii^tii mores,  with  one  or  two  other  Indians,  on  a  Lord's  day.  Sonio 
iliiil  \M  II  eiioii;;li  liked  the  Ihinff  which  was  now  done,  did  not  alto^rether 
likr  liic  mnnnrr  of  doin^  it,  beciiiiso  there  was  a  pretence  of  Inntii  between 
(Iiii/miiiiI  the  sagainorcH,  whereof  lio  took  liiii  advanta^'o  to  lay  violent  liandri 
nil  tlit'iii." 

I'liiis  tlio  mnnner  ih  Hccn  in  which  tliiH  horrid  and  rold-blooded  net  i« 
rrliitcd  ! !  I''<'W  nro  the  instances  that  we  meet  with  in  history,  where  Indinn 
trfrif/wri/,  as  it  is  termed,  can  p)  before  tlii.s.  The  reverend  aiilhor  adds,  "  If 
iIhti' vvcre  any  nidiiir  dealing'  (which  I  know  not)  in  this  action  of  I'Imh, 
tlnrc  will  be  another  Fibniun;  not  llir  oil",  wherein  the  avi mcirs  of  bhxtil  will 
teki'  tlu'ir  .vtlinfartion"  Hy  this  innuendo,  what  beli-ll  ("aptain  i'hiilili  aller- 
«(iril-i  is  understood,  and  of  which  we  shall  presently  jrive  an  iiccoiint. 

I'll,.  |i()iiit  of  land  called  Trot fs  ^  Ark.,  in  VV'oolwi-b,  in  the  stale  of  IMaino, 
\viis.«iild,  ill  l()H.">,  by  fJj>T«mc/ ami  several  other  sachems.  In  Idlt.'l,  on  the 
11  AiiL'iist,  with  12  other  chiefs,  he  machs  u  treaty  f  with  Sir  ffilliiiiii  Phipn,  vA 
|Viiiiimi|iiid,  to  which  their  nuiuoH  Htood  uh  foliuV.'S;  and  without  marks,  in 
iL,.  jirintcd  account. 

Kl)UKRK.MF.TT. 


Mauoi  KAWAXnO. 
WvssAMHOMKT  nf  JVomlfrwock, 
Wk.nobso.n  of  Teconnit,  in  behalf 

of  M OKI'S. 

KKTTF.RRAMoms  of  ^Ydiridgwock, 
AiiAXiiin  of  Penobscot, 

BoMASKK.V. 
NlTAMEMKT. 


AWA.NSOMKCK. 
RolIIN  l)o\Klf. 

]Mai)ai;meis. 

I'Am'AiiAKKT,  (tlins  Nathaniel. 
John  l[ornybrook. 
John  Ha<.;atauawoii^o,  alias 
Sbee|»scott  John. 
Pliill.  Duiisaki.s,  Sijuaw,  in- 
terpreters. 


Itd'orc  this,  in  U!9I,  "Now  England  being  quite  out  of  lireatb," says  Dr. 
r.  .(/(///icr,  a  treaty,  or  truce,  was  entered  int()  between  the  eastern  sachems 
Slid  .Messrs. //it/c/inwou  and  7'ojf7WfHrf,  of  JJoston,  and  others  oi  in<,  .  •  ♦••rn 
mist,  at  Sa<,'adaliock.  Here  ten  captives  were  given  up  by  them,  and  the 
Kii;;li.s|i  gave  ii|»  eight  captive  Indians.  One  was  a  woman  by  the  name  of 
Hull,  who  had  been  of  great  service  to  them,  having  written  letters  on 
various  occasions,  such  «s  their  afliiirs  required,  and  with  whom  tlasy  ro- 
pnltcd  iiiucli  to  part.  Another  was  JValhnniel  Hhilr.,  who  bad  been  bound 
and  tcirtiirod  in  a  wretcluid  manner.  Ilia  ears  were  cut  ott|  and,  instead  of 
liiud,  lie  was  forced  to  (!ut  them,  al\er  which,  but  for  this  time  y  treaty,  the 
si'iiii'iicc  of  burning  would  have  been  executed  upon  bini.  This  truce 
siijiiilatcd  that  no  hurt  should  be  done  the  Knglisb  until  May,  l()!>'i,  and  that, 
on  till'  first  of  that  month,  they  would  tlelivcu-,  at  Wells,  all  English  captives 
in  ilit'ir  hands,  and,  in  the  mean  time,  would  inform  of  any  |i)ots  that  they 
iniirlit  know  of  the  Frencb  against  the  English.  E<!;eremri  being  tin;  chief 
sii'liriii,  and  most  forward  in  this  business,  Dr.  Mather  utt(M"s  bis  contemi)t 
tiirliiiii  by  saying,  "To  this  instrument  w»'re  set  tha  paws  of  Egeremet,  and 
live  iiimo  of  their  sagamores  and  noblemen."  \ 

Tills  treaty  may  be  seen  at  length  in  the  Collections  of  the  Mass.  Hist.  Soc, 
liiit  is  (luted  one  year  earlier  than  il  is  in  thi;  Magnalia.  TIk;  fact  that  it  was 
inadc  upon  the  water,  us  Dr.  C.  Mather  says,  and  as  we  have  (pioted  in  tho 
life  of  Madokawando,  appears  from  the   lust  paragrai)b  of  that  instrument, 


*  Masnalia,  li.  vii.  89.  f  It  may  be  seen  in  the  Magndia,  vii.  U5. 

t  Magnalia  Christ.  Americana,  book  vii.  art.  xxviii.  p.  \)\. 
11 


ai'   fir  f^ 

'•"'■■  .■'';J  *■■■•■.", 


I      i'   "' 


1'0 


■VJi 


122 


EGEREMET.— KILLED  AT  PEMAQUID. 


[BooE  III. 


which  13  in  these  words : — "  Signed  and  sealed  interchaiigeahiy,  upon  the 
water,  in  canoes,  at  Sackatehock,  when  Uie  tvind  hlew"  It  whs  licadtid,  "At a 
treaty  of  peace  witli  tiie  eastward  Indian  enemy  sagamores."  Tlie  othpi-  tiv(; 
sachems,  bosidt;  Es:eremet,vfere  Toquelmut,  Jf'atumbomt,  fVatombamet,  h'alumk 
[fVorombos,]  and  John  Hawkins,  [or  Kankamagus,]  The  places  for  wliicli  the,' 
stipulated  are,  according  to  the  treaty, "  Pennccook,Winnepisseockeege,  Osscih' 
Pigwocket,  Amoscongen,  Pecheftscut,  Kcnnebeck  River,  and  all  otlier  piwyl 
adjacent,  within  the  territory  and  dominions  of  the  above-named  saganioriV 
The  witnesses  wero,  Dewando,  [the  same  called  Miwando,  by  Prnhnllov:. 
probably,]  J^ed  Higon,  John  Alden,  jr.,  and  N'athaniel  Jilden. 

The  next  year,  Egeremet  was  with  Madokawando,  Moxus,  and  a  body  of 
French  nnder  Labrocre,  and  made  the  notable  attack  upon  the  garrison  at 
Wells,  which  will  be  found  recorded  in  the  last  chapter. 

We  will  now  inform  the  reader  of  the  wretched  fate  of  Captain  Pasco  CM. 
It  was  not  long  atler  he  committed  the  bloody  deed  of  killing  the  Indian  sjij. 
aniores,  before  he  and  the  fort  were  taken  by  the  French  and  Indiaiist.  He 
was  exchaiiycd,  and  returned  to  Boston,  where  he  suffered  much  disgrace 
for  his  treachery  with  the  Indians.*  He  lived  at  Andover  in  Mnssacliusptts, 
where  about  30  Indians  made  an  attack  in  IfJOH,  on  22  February,  in  wliicii 
he,  with  others,  was  killed,  and  five  were  captivated.  It  was  not  tlionglit  tliai 
they  ex{)ected  to  find  him  there  ;  but  when  they  found  they  had  killed  hitn, 
it  gave  them  as  much  joy,  says  Hutchinson,  "  as  the  destruction  of  a  whole 
town,  because  they  had  taken  their  beloved  vengeance  of  him  for  his  perfidy 
and  barbarity  to  their  countrymen."  They  shot  him  through  several  times 
after  he  was  dead. 

In  his  characteristic  style,  Mr.  Oldmicon  speaks  of  this  event.f  He  savs, 
"  Nor  must  we  forget  Chub,  the  false  wretch  who  surrendered  PeniniaqiiiJ 
Fort.  The  governor  kept  him  under  examination  some  time  at  Boston,  and 
tlien  dismissed  him.  As  he  was  going  to  liis  housu,  at  Andover,  the  Indians 
surprised  him  and  his  wife,  and  massacred  them  ;  a  just  reward  of  his  trea- 
son." The  author,  we  think,  should  have  added,  according  to  the  jurispru- 
dence of  savages. 

The  most  favorable  account  given  of  the  conduct  of  Chub,  and  indeed  tlie 
only  one,  follows :  "  An  Indian  sagamore's  son  appeared  with  a  flag  of  truce,  and 
Capt.  C7iu6  went  out  to  them  without  arms,  man  for  man.  An  Indian  asked  fir 
rum  and  tobacco:  the  captain  said,  '.Yo;  it  is  Sabbath  day.''  Tliev  saiJ, 
'  We  tvitl  have  ruin,  or  we  vnll  have  rum  and  you  too.^  Two  Indians  laid  hold  nil 
the  captain.  Then  he  called  to  his  men,  to  fall  on,  for  God's  sake.  Tiieii  he 
made  signs  to  his  men,  to  come  from  the  fort.  One  of  the  Englisii  iiad  a 
hatchet  under  his  coat,  took  it  out  and  killed  an  Indian ;  and  tiien  oiirs 
killed  two  more  Indians,  and  took  another  alive,  and  wounded  anotiier,  s.'p- 
posed  mortally.  Then  many  of  the  enerny  came  near  to  the  English,  wlic 
retreated  all  safe  to  the  fort."  \ 

There  was  another  sagamore  of  the  same  name,  noticed  in  the  followins 
wars  with  the  eastern  Indians,  who  was  friendly  to  the  whites ;  it  was 
bly  he  who  sometimes  bore  the  name  of  Moxus, 


*  Harris's  Voyages,  ii.  305,  (ed.  17G4,)  says  Chub  was  arrested  by  Colonel  Gedimj,  who  was 
sent  cast  with  three  ships  of  war,  on  hearing  of  the  surrender  of  the  for'.,  and  that  no  French  o: 
Indians  ooidd  be  found  ;  that  after  he  strengdicned  the  garrison,  he  leturned  home. 

"  Col.  (jcdnnj  had  been  by  land  with  3(X)  men,  to  secure  the  easte-n  frontiers.  Fiiuiinjik 
enemy  gone,  he  strengthened  the  garrisons,  which  were  not  taken.  He  also  arrested  Pnu 
Chubb,  tor  surrcndenuf,'  Pemaquid  Fort,  while  under  his  command  in  July,  and  had  hini 
brought  to  Boston.  Here  Captain  f/iuAA  was  confined,  till  it  was  decided  that  ho  should 
lose  his  commission,  and  not  b(>  oligible  for  any  other.  This  unfortunate  man,  with  his  wJe 
Hannah,  and  three  others,  wore  .lilled  by  the  Indians  at  Andover,  Feb.  22,  1698."  i?er..Ur. 
Felt's  Anvals  of  Salnn. 

A  naval  force  was  sent  at  the  'lame  lime  ;  hence  the  accounts  are  not  altogether  irrecon- 
cilable. Three  men-of-war  wen;  sent  out  in  pursuit  of  the  French,  "  but  meeting  with  con- 
trary winds,  they  could  never  get  sight  o"  hem."    Neal,  His.  N.  Eug.  ii.  651. 

t  British  Empire  in  America,  i.  77,  78. 

i  ^Manuscript  letter  in  library  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  written  in  the  following  month.  A?  il  '^'^ 
written  at  a  great  distance  from  the  place,  and  from  a  report  of  the  day,  Iiltle  reliance  canb* 
placed  upoQ  it.    It  may  have  been  Cliub's  repor'  of  the  case. 


Chap.  IX.] 


CAPTAIN  TOM— DONEY. 


123 


III  tlie  Indian  war  of  1703,  there  was  n  great  Indian  captain  who  resided 
foiiicwlierc  to  tlic  oast  of  Pascataqiia  River,  who  made  his  name  dreaded 
,111)011"  tlio  settlements  in  that  re<rion,  by  some  bloody  expeditions  whicli  he 
0011(11^011(1.    He  was  railed,  by  the  English, 

Captain  Tom.  On  17  August  of  this  year,  this  daring  war-captain,  with 
about  30  others,  surprised  a  part  of  Hampton,  killed  five  persons,  whereof 
oue  was  a  widow  Hussey, "  who  was  a  remarkable  speaking  Ciuaker,  and  nnich 
linieiited  by  her  sect."  After  sacking  two  houses  near  tlic  garrison,  they 
drew  off.* 

Many  Indians  bore  the  name  of  Tom.  Indian  Hill,  in  Newbury,  was  owned 
liv  Great  Tom,  He  is  supposed  to  have  l)een  the  last  Indian  jiroprietor  of 
lands  in  tiiat  town.     Iv.  written  instruments,  he  styles  himself,  "  /  Great  Tom 

/fl,/i'aH."t 

We  eonie,  in  the  next  place,  to  an  interesting  portion  of  our  eastern  history. 
It  lias  been  generally  supposed  that  the  name  Donjj,  or  Doney,  was  the  name 
of  an  hulian  chief,  but  it  is  now  quite  certain  that  he  was  a  "Frenchman,  wlio 
took  lip  his  residence  among  the  Indians,  as  Baron  de  St.  Ca.iteins  did.  There 
apiiears  in  our  liistory,  in  1()45,  a  "Monsieur  Dony^''  who  had  some  difficulty 
witii  Lord  de  la  Tour,  about  their  eastern  possessions,  and  he  was,  doubtless, 
tin  same  of  whom  we  have  an  acconnt  afterwards,  in  the  war  of  1690,  with 
the  eastern  Indians.  At  this  time,  there  were  two  of  the  name  in  Maine, 
fiiliier  and  son.  The  son,  perhaps,  like  Casteins  the  younger,  was  half  Indian, 
but  of  this  we  are  not  sure ;  nevertheless,  to  jireserve  our  narrative  of  the 
events  of  Colonel  Churches  expedition  of  1690,  we  shall  notice  them  among 
otiiers. 

Church  landed  at  Maquait,  12  Septeml)er,  before  day,  and,  afler  a  wet, 
fatiguing  march  into  the  woods  of  about  two  days,  on  the  south-west  side  of 
the  AiK&oscoggin,  came  into  the  neighborhood  of  a  fort.  They  came  upon 
an  Indian  and  his  wife  who  were  leading  two  captives  ;  and  immediately  pur- 
suing and  firing  upon  them,  killed  the  Indian  woman,  who  proved  to  be  the 
wife  of  Young  Doney.\  We  can  only  hope  it  Avas  not  theii  design  thus  to  have 
kdled  an  innocent  woman.  Which  party  it  was  that  fired  U|)on  them  (for  they 
ilivided  themselves  into  three)  is  unknown,  and  we  in  charity  must  suppose 
tiiat,  at  considerable  distance,  and  in  mucii  confusion,  it  was  difficult  to  know 
an  Indian  man  from  a  woman. 

As  Church  expected,  Doney  ran  into  cue  gate  of  the  fort,  and  out  at  the 
otiier,  giving  the  alarm  so  effectually,  that  nearly  all  within  it  escaped.  They 
found  and  took  prisoners  "  but  tAVo  men  and  a  lad  of  about  18,  with  some 
nonieii  and  children.  Five  ran  into  the  river,  three  or  four  of  which  were 
killed.  The  lad  of  18  made  his  escape  up  the  river."  The  whole  numVier 
killed  in  this  action  was  "  six  or  seven."  The  English  had  but  one  wounded. 
They  took  here,  at  this  time,§  a  considerable  quantity  of  corn,  guns,  and  atnmu- 
niiion,  and  liberated  Mrs.  Huckings,  Avidow  of  Lieutenant  Robert  Hackings, 
taken  at  Oyster  River,  Mrs.  Barnard,  wife  of  Benjamin  Barnard,  of  Salmon 
Falls,  Anne  Heard,  of  Cocheco,  a  young  woman,  daughter  of  one  Willis,  of 
Oyster  River,  and  a  boy  belonging  to  Exeter.  These  captives,  says  Church, 
'•were  in  a  miserable  condition."  They  learned  by  them  that  most  of  their 
men  were  gone  to  Winter  Harbor  to  get  provisions  for  the  Bay  of  Fuiidy  In- 
iliaiis.  This  infbruiation  was  given  by  a  j)risoner  taken  in  the  fort,  who  also  said 
tliatthe  Bay  of  Fundy  Lidians  Avere  to  join  them  against  the  English,  in  the 
spring.  "  The  soldiers,  being  very  rude,  would  hardly  spare  the  Indian's  life, 
while  in  examination  ;  intending,  Avhen  he  had  done,  that  ho  should  be  exe- 
Hited.  But  Capt.  Hucking's  wife,  and  another  Avoman,  doAvn  on  their  knees 
and  begged  for  him,  saying,  that  he  had  been  a  means  of  saving  their  lives, 
and  a  great  muiiy  more  ;  and  had  helped  several  to  opportunities  to  nm  away 
and  make  tlieir  escajM; ;  and  tiiat  never,  since  he  came  amongst  them,  had 
liiught  against  the  English,  but  being  related  to  Hakin's  \\  wife,  kept  at  tlie 

*  Penhallnw,  (ml.  Wars,  8  ;  Farvier's  Belknap,  i.  167. 

t  Manuscript  Hisl.  Newbury,  by  J.  Coffin. 

\  And  the  same  called  in  the  Afagnalia  Robin  Doney. 

!Says  my  record,  which  is  a  manuscript  letter  from  Church,  written  at  that  time. 
The  same  called  Kankamagus. 


.  'X 


,«* 


^    - 


124 


DONEY.— CAPTAIN  SIMMO. 


[Boog  III, 


foitwitli  tliem, 
ward  ofJJofitoii. 
Two  old 


boim  then;  two  years;  l)Ut  his  livinjrwiiH  to  tluMve.,      H      ,„;,,««/ 
)oii  their  r«u|ii(!st,  his  life  was  spanul."  '"     ■    pinbuent 


Having 
So  iipoi 
s(|iiaws  W(M(!  ietl  in  the  fort,  provided  with  provisions, and  instnict 
0(1  to  tell  tli(»s(!  who  retnrned  who  they  were,  und  what  lliey  were  di'teiniiiK.i 
to  do.  Tluiy  then  pntyour  ovjive  to  d(,'atli,  and  decani|ied,  'J'jios,',  we  nm,. 
sujipose,  were  (diielly  women  and  ehildren  !  "  Kiiocktd  on  the  htailjhr  an  ,2 
ample"  We  know  not  tiiat  any  excnse  ean  be  {j;iven  lijr  this  (uiniinal  (iit;.,,,,! 
it  is  (U;<rradinf;  to  consider  tiuit  tins  civilized  nnist  he  snpposcd  to  iiiia},'iii(  i||  i 
tliey  <'an  jtrevent  Itarharities  hy  hiiiiiff  wretchedly  harharons  thenisrlves. 

Oij)  DctM'.v,  as  he  is  called,  was  next  to  l»e  limited.  As  they  wci-,.  i,,. 
barking  at  Macpiait,  Mr.  ^hdhoivj  Bracket  *  came  to  the  shore  and  cailcj  i,,  ii,,  ' 
to  take  iiim  on  board,  wiiich  they  did.  lie  learninj^  tiiat  an  Kni^lisli  ium^  (,.,, 
tliercabont,  made  his  i-scapt;  from  the  Indians,  with  whom  he  had  hi'di'snii . 
time  a  prisoner.  Tiie  fleet  now  iiroctjeded  to  Winter  Harbor,  from  wUxc- 
tliey  despatched  a  detachment  of  (iO  men  to  Saco  Falls.  When  liny  laini. 
near,  they  discovered  Dunexfst  coin|)any  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  wIk, 
chiefly  made  their  escape.  A  canoe,  with  three  Indians,  was  oiiservcd  ciiininr 
over  the  river  ;  they  did  not  see  the  Enf,dish,  and  were  fired  npon,  iind  •  .ii] 
three  perished."  This  f,'ave  the  first  alarm  to  Doneifs  company.  '\'\wy  ,|j,i 
not,  however,  leave  their  ground  without  returning  the  fire  of  the  IjifiJi^h,  |,v 
whicdi  Lieutenant  Hunnewell  was  shot  through  the  thigb.f  VVIkmi  (Ik;  pimj,,^ 
fired  ujion  each  other,  Old  Donuj,  with  an  English  captive,  was  liiiriur  i,,, 
the  river,  who,  hearing  tiie  firing,  came  down  to  see  what  it  meant;  and  tlms 
lie  discovered  the  English  time  enough  to  escape.  Doncy  fled  fiom  t),, 
canoe,  leaving  his  captive,  who  came  to  the  English.  His  name  was  Tlwmu 
Baker,  who  bad  lived  before  at  Scarliorough. 

There  were  many  other  movements  of  the  English  afler  this,  in  ulii,!, 
they  got  much  pbmder,  and  which  tended  to  cause  au  uneasine!=s  iiiiion; 
them,  and  their  final  determiiiution  to  return  home.  Church  urged  a  loniiir 
continuance,  but  was  outvoted  in  a  council  of  officers,  and  thus  ended  ilic 
expedition.  Many  in  the  country  n'proachetl  Church  with  cowardiic.  aiul 
almost  every  thing  but  what  we  should  have  looked  for.  If  putting  to  dtnili 
cajitives  had  been  the  charge,  many  might  have  accorded  Amen!  IJiit  wcdu 
not  find  that  urged  against  him. 

Two  years  alter  this,  in  l()!*8,  Rohin  Doney  became  reconciled  to  tin;  V.n;;. 
lish,  and  signed  u  treaty  with  theui  at  Pemmacpiid.  ibit  within  a  year  al'ti r, 
he  became  suspected,  wbctlier  with  or  without  reason,  we  know  not.  aiul 
coming  to  the  fort  at  Saco,  jirobahly  to  settle  the  difficulty,  was  seized  In  iln: 
English.  What  his  fiite  was  is  rather  uncertain,  but  the  days  of  forgivcmsj 
and  mercy  were  not  yet. 

Among  the  chiefs  which  we  shall  next  proceed  to  notice,  there  were  seve- 
ral of  nearly  equal  notoriety. 

Captain  Simmo's  name  should,  jicrhaps,  stand  most  cons[)iciiniiiS.  V.e 
shall,  therefore,  go  on  to  narrate  the  eventu  in  liis  life,  after  a  few  jircliniiiiiiry 
observations. 

Whenever  war  commenced  between  the  English  and  I''rench  in  Eiii(i|ic, 
their  colonies  in  America  were  involved  in  its  calamities,  to  an  unknown  iiinl 
fearfid  extent.  This  was  the  aspect  which  affairs  wore  in  170;{.  AVitii  ilic 
first  news,  tlierefbre,  of  its  flame,  the  New  Englanders' thoughts  were  tiMiml 
towards  the  Indians.  Ciovernor  Dudley  immediately  despatched  niess(ii;:(rsto 
most  of  the  eastern  tribes,  inviting  them  to  meet  him  in  council  upon  the  |ii  u- 
insida  in  Ealmouth,  on  the  SO  June.  His  object  was  so  to  attach  tlicni  tntlie 
English,  that,  in  the  event  of  hostilities  between  the  rival  powers  on  tliis>iilp 
of  tiie  Atlantic,  they  would  not  take  arms  against  them.  Agreoalily  in  the 
wishes  of  the  English,  a  vast  multitude  assembled  at  the  time  aiipoinnil; 
the  chiisfs  Jldiwmuh  and  Hescnn  fVir  the  Pennakooks,  Wtdtitnummmi  fiir  ilie 
Pecpiakets,  Mesamhoimll  and  fVexar  for  the  Androscoggins,  JMorus  and  Ilojit- 
hood  (p(!rhaps  son  of  him  killed  by  t!ie  Mohawks)  for  th(!  Nerigwoks,  limi'.- 
zeen  and  Captain  Samuel  lor  the  Kennebeeks,  and  JVarrungunl  und  If'aMik- 


*  Son  of  Aiilliotiij.  who  w;is  killcnl  by  the  Indians,  as  wc  liave  related,  oh<«. 
t  OiKci  'A  lultcr  in  MS.  rruin  tiie  expedition. 


Chap. 


IX.] 


CAPTAIN   SAMUEL. 


125 


onciled  In  llit'  Y.w;- 


ce,  there  were  sevc- 


PenobBPOts.     After  a  Bhort  speech  to  tliem,  in  whicli  tlie 


inhittTd  Cor  iiie  renobBcots.     After  a  Bhort  spcecli  to  thei 
^veriior  expreBHcd  brotlicTly  uft'ection,  aud  u  dcBire  to  Hetth!  ov«!ry  diiiiculty 
t«l)icli  hud  happened  ninco   the  last   treaty,"   Captain   Simnio  replied  as 

••  He  ihank  you,  f^ood  brother,  for  coming  so  far  to  Utlk  with  us.  It  is  a  vcrtnt 
favor.  The  dowlsjlu  and  darken — but  we  still  sing  ivith  love  the  sonfrs  of  peace. 
'Rdine  my  tvords. — So  far  as  thk    hu.n   is   ahovk    tiik    eaktii   akk   our 

TIIOLUHTS  KROM  WAR,  OR  THK  I,KA8T  RUI'TIIRK  BETWKK.N  US."  * 

Tin;  "ovenior  was  tlien  presenttul  witii  a  belt  ot"  w.inipiini,  was  to  eonfirm 
the triitli  of  vvliat  had  been  said.  At  a  prcviou8  treat\,  two  lieaps  of  small 
vtoiu'H  li"«l  l'*"'^"  thrown  together,  near  by  the  treaty  ground,  and  called  the 
Tim-brothers,  to  signify  that  the  Indians  and  llnglisli  were  brothers, and  were 
nmsidcri'd  l>y  the  |)arties  in  the  light  of  seals  to  their  Iniaties.  They  now 
rcirairecl  to  tiiese  heaps  of  stones,  and  each  increased  their  magnitude,  by  the 
addiiiiiii  of  other  stones.  Thus  was  ha])pily  terminated  this  iiunous  treaty. 
Son II' parade  and  rejoicing  now  connneneed,  and  a  circumstance  transpin^l 
wliicli  tiirew  tlie  Knglish  into  great  fear,  and,  perha]is,  greater  susj)icion.  A 
miiul  8ulute  was  to  be  fired  upon  each  side,  at  parting,  a)id  tlie  Englisii,  ad- 
viadlv,  lUid  very  warily,  it  must  be  confessed,  but  in  appearance  compliment- 
nrv, expressed  their  desire  that  the  Indians  woidd  fire  fu.><t.  The  Indians 
re('i'ivt.d  the  compliment,  and  discharged  their  guns  ;  to  their  great  surprise, 
tlie  English  found  they  had  been  loade(!  witli  bullets.  Tlusy  had  before 
doiil)tc(i  of  their  sincerity,  but,  owing  to  this  discovery,  conaidtired  their 
trciicliery  certain,  and  marvelled  at  their  escape.  However,  it  can  only  bo 
presuiiied,  that,  according  to  the  maxim  of  the  whites,  the  Indians  ha«l  come 
prepared  to  treat  or  fight,  as  the  case  might  require;  for  no  doid>t  their  guns 
Here  charged  when  they  came  to  the  treaty,  otherwise  why  did  they  not  fire 
upi  tlio  English  when  they  saluted  them  ? 

Wiiat  became  of  Captain  Simmo  we  have  as  yet  no  account.  Several  of 
the  other  chiefs  who  attended  this  council  were,  perhaps,  equally  con- 
spicuous. 

WxTTANUirtMON  being  absent  when  the  council  first  met  on  the  20  June, 
no  busiiiess  was  entered  ujion  for  several  days.  However,  the  English 
alkrwuriiij  said  it  was  confirmed  that  it  was  not  on  that  account  that  they 
di'lavcd  the  conference,  but  that  they  expected  daily  a  reinlbrcement  of  aOO 
Frciicli  uiid  Indians,  and  then  they  were  to  seize  upon  the  English,  and 
rava;ie  tiie  country.  Whether  this  were  merely  a  rumor,  or  the  real  state 
of  tiie  cuse,  we  have  no  means  of  knowing.  H'attanummon  was  8up])08ed 
to  have  been  once  a  Pennakook,  as  an  eminence  still  bears  his  name  al>out  a 
mile  from  the  state-house  in  New  Ilampshire.f 

Captuiii  Samuki.  was  an  Indian  of  great  bravery,  and  one  of  the  most  for- 

ivard  ill  endeavoring  to  lull  the  fears  of  the  English  at  the  great  council  just 

I  nieiilioiied.    What  gave  his  ])retensions  the  air  of  sincerity  was  his  coming 

!  with  Bomazeen,  and  giving  some  information  about  the  designs  of  the  French. 

I  They  Huid, 

'Mhoufrh  several  missionaries  have  come  among  us,  sent  l>y  the  French  fiat 
I  to  brtttk  tlie  peace  between  the  English  and  lut,  yet  their  words  have  nuuk  no  inipres- 
Imiipnvs,    We  are  as  firi«  as  the  mountains,  aso  will  so  continue, 

pi!  LONG  A)  THE  SUN  AND  MOON  ENDURES." 

Notwithstanding  these  strong  expressions  of  friendship,  "within  six  weeks 
I  after,"  says  Penfmllow,  "the  whole  eastef-n  country  was  in  a  conflagration, 
I  BO  house  standing  nor  garrison  unattackcd."  Tin;  Indians  were  no  doubt 
I  induced  to  commit  this  depredation  from  the  influence  of  the  French,  many 
jcfwhoiu  assisted  them  in  the  work.  Ai.l  it  is  not  probable  that  those 
llidians  who  had  just  entered  into  the  treaty  were  idle  spectators  of  the 
JKetie;  but  who  of  them,  or  whether  all  were  engaged  in  the  affair,  we  know 
[not.  A  hundred  and  thirty  people  were  said  to  have  lieen  killed  and  taken, 
[within  that  time. 

Captain  Samuel  was  either  alive  20  years  after  these  transactions,  or  another 

*  This  is  Mr.  Williamson'i;  version  of  the  speech,  Mist.  Maine,  ii.  36. 
t  MS.  coinmuuication  of  J.  Farmer,  Esq. 
lit 


::?^Ki 


*; 


iK.ii 


'1        J  1  /'I 


126 


IIEGAN.— MOGG. 


[Book  III. 


of  the  nnmo  nindc  himself  roiispiciious.  In  Juno,  1722,  tliis  warrior  chief  m 
the  lieiid  of  five  others,  boarckid  Li(iit<Miaiit  Tilton^  iis  he  luy  at  anchor  u  tifilm,,, 
near  Dainaris  Cove.  Tliey  pinioned  liim  and  liis  hrothjr,  and  liciit  tlm',' 
very  sonsly  ;  hut,  at  last,  one  got  clear  and  released  the  other,  \vho  tlicn  i;|i 
with  great  fiu-y  ujjon  the  Indiaii!<,  tiirew  one  overboard,  and  mortally  wninni. 
ed  two  more.*  Whether  Captain  Samuel  were  among  those  killed  is  i,,,; 
mentioned. 

There  was  a  (-aptain  Sam  in  the  wars  of  174r).  In  the  vicinity  of,.;, 
George's,  Jiieutenant  Proctor,  at  the  liead  of  IJ)  militia,  liad  a  skirmisli  with  ilc 
Indians,  ^^  Sept.,  in  whicli  two  of  their  huulers  were  killed,  viz.  Colonel  M,„i^ 
and  Captain  Sam,  and  one  Colonel  Job  was  taken  ca[)tive  ;  the  latter  hcjnjr ;;,.,,, 
to  Boston,  he  died  in  prison.  To  quiet  the  reBentment  of  liis  relutivi^ji,  the 
government  made  his  widow  a  valuable  present  aller  the  peace,  f 

W<!  siiould  not,  perhaps,  omit  to  speak  se})arately  of  another  chief,  wlo 
was  |)resent  at  the  iimioiis  treaty  mentioned  above  •,  we  refer  to 

IIegan.  His  name  is  also  spelt  Uegon  and  Heigon.  There  were  scvirai 
of  the  name.  Ojie,  calhid  Mogghdgon,  son  of  haller,  was  a  *siicii,.|ii  a; 
Saeo,  in  1()()4.  This  chief,  in  that  year,  sold  to  fym.  Plnll{ps,"a  tnici  of 
land,  being  bounded  with  Saco  River  on  the  N.  E.  side,  and  Kciiiicliiini; 
River  on  the  S.  W.  side."  To  extend  iron-  the  sea  up  Saeo  River  to  l«!!iliiii)n 
Falls,  and  u|)  the  Kennebunk  to  a  point  opposite  the  former.  No  unKnimis 
mentioned  for  which  the  land  was  sold,  but  merely  "iv  certain  sum  ji, 
goods."!  One  Sampson  Hegon  attendcul  the  treaty  of  Pemtna(iui(l,  in  inuf.. 
Jolm,  that  at  Casco,  in  17'27 ;  jVed  was  a  Peimakook ;  fValtir,  brotlu  r  df 
Mogg  ;  §  TJie  fate  of  one  of  the  name  of  Hegon  is  remembered  aninni;  t||,. 
inhabitants  of  some  parts  of  Maine  to  this  day.  He  was  tied  njion  a  Imrse 
with  spurs  on  his  heels,  in  such  a  manner  that  tlie  spurs  continually  iriwiy 
the  animal.  When  the  horse  was  set  at  liberty,  he  ran  furiously  tliioi;;'li  an 
orchard,  and  the  craggy  limbs  of  the  trees  tore  him  to  pieces.  Mnthtr.h 
his  Decennium  Luctuosum,  ||  seems  to  confirm  .something  of  the  kind, 
which  took  place  at  Casco,  in  K)!)4,  where  the  Indians,  having  taken  liome 
horses,  made  a  bridle  of  the  mane  and  tail  of  one,  on  which  "a  son  of' the 
famous  Hegon  was  ambitious  to  mount."  "  Rut  being  a  i)ititiil  horseiniin,  k 
ordered  them,  lor  fear  of  his  falling,  to  tie  his  legs  fast  uin\vr  the  iiorse's 
belly.  No  sooner  was  this  beggar  set  on  horseback,  and  the  spark,  in  liis  own 
opinion,  thoroughly  equip])ed,  but  the  nettlesome  horse  furiously  and  pioseiiiiv 
ran  with  him  out  of  sight.  Neither  horse  nor  7nan  was  ever  seen  any  more, 
The  astonished  tawnies  howled  after  one  of  their  nobility,  disapiieaiin!'  liv 
such  an  unexpected  accident.  A  few  days  after,  they  liiinid  one  of  his  ksl 
(and  that  was  all,)  which  they  buried  in  Capt.  Bracket  s  cellar,  with  abiindmice 
of  lamentation." 

Here  we  cannot  but  too  plainly  discover  the  same  spirit  in  the  narrator, 
v/hicli  must  have  actuated  the  authors  of  the  deed.  He  who  laughs  at  iil,;;: 
is  a  j)articii)ator  in  it.-  -From  these,  we  pass  to  affairs  of  far  greater  notoriety 
in  our  eastern  history ;  and  shall  close  this  chapter  with  two  of  the  most 
memorable  events  in  its  Indian  warfare. 

MoGG,  the  chief  wichem  of  Norridgewok  in  1724,  may  very  appmiiri- 
ately  stand  at  the  head  of  the  history  of  the  first  event.  How  long  he  iiaJ 
been  sachem  at  that  ])eriod,  we  have  not  discovered,  but  he  is  nientioiipil 
by  the  English  historians,  as  the  old  chief  of  Norridgewok  at  that  time. 
Notwithstanding  Mogg  was  the  chfef  Indian  of  the  village  of  Nerigwoii,  nr, 
as  Father  Charlevoix  writes  it,  Narantsoak,  there  was  a  French  ])riest  sittleil 
here,  to  whom  the  Indians  were  all  devotedness ;  and  it  is  believed  thai 
they  undertook  no  enterprise  without  his  knowledge  and  consent.  Tiie 
name  of  this  miin,  according  to  our  English  authors,  was  Ralli,  btit  accord- 1 
ing  to  Ins  own  historian,  Charlevoix,  it  was  Rasle.%  The  depredations  of 
the  Abenaquis,  as  these  Indians  were  called  by  those  who  lived  among  tiieni,  I 


•  Penhallffio's  Intl.  Wars,  86. 

X  MS.  among  the  files  in  our  State-house. 

11  Magfnalia,  vii.  C7. 

IT  Hi«t.  Gen.  de  la  Nouv.  Fr.  ii.  380,  et  suiv. 


t  Williamson's  Hist.  Mc.  ii.  241. 
$  MS.  letter  of  John  Fanner,  Esq. 


CUAP.  IX.] 


MOGG.— DESTRUCTION  OP  NERIDGWOK. 


127 


norc  therefore,  dirortly  clmrj^od  Ity  tlin  Eiifrlisli  iij)(»ii  Fatlior  Ri(sh: ;  lion 
tliiiiViist  stop  wus  to  urt't!!-  ii  reward  for  his  liead,''  'I'lit!  oltjcct  of  tlu;  cxi 
tlitioii  of  Colonel  If  estlirook,  ti\  17*22,  was  ostciisil)ly  to  seize  ii|)oii  liiiii,  hut 


hence 
<|»c- 
ilitioii  ol  UoloiHM  n  esiuruoK,  tti  1/ 4.c,  wum  (imi-mmdiv  10  sci/.t;  u|)uii  iiini,  out  ho 
tiiiiiui  the  villafje  deserted,  and  iiothinff  was  etfeeted  hy  the  expedition  hnt 
tlie  liiiniiiig  of  the  place.  Father  It'isle  was  the  last  that  left  it,  which  he 
ifid a!  the  same  time  it  was  entered  hy  tlie  enemy;  havinfi;  first  secnred  the 
birred  vuses  of  his  temple  ami  tlie  ornaint-nls  of  its  altar.  The  Kiifflisii 
iimilt!  search  for  tiie  fnjiitivcs.  '>nt  without  snccess,  althon<i;h,  at  one  time, 
llirv  were  within  ahont  eif^ht  I  of  the  very  tree  tiiat  screened  tli  ohjecl 
I'lirVhic'li  they  songht.  Tims  the  French  eonsichiriMl  that  it  was  hy  a  remark- 
,,1,1,.  iMter|)osition  ol"  Providence,  or,  as  Cliarlevnir  ex|tresses  it,  ^ar  une  main 
im'mlile,  tliat  Father  Rnsle  did  not  fall  into  their  hands. 

Ueterinined  on  destroying  tins  assemblage  of  Indians,  wliicii  was  the 
Iieiui-(|i'»rter8  of  the  whole  eastern  conntry,  at  this  time,  the  English,  two 
veins  alter,  1724,  sent  out  a  Ibrce,  consisting  of  208  men  and  three  Moiiawk 
liKiiaiis,  under  Cajmiins  Moullon,  Harman,  and  Bourne,  to  hnmhle  them. 
Tlii'V  i-anie  njmn  the  village,  the  2.'J  August,  when  thcire  was  not  a  man  in 
arms  to  opimse  them.  They  iiad  lelt  40  of  their  men  at  Tecoiiet  Falls, 
wliifii  IS  now  within  the  town  of  Winslow,  upon  the  Kennebeck,  aiul  ahout 
;wo  iiiilos  below  Waterville  college,  ui)on  the  opposite  side  of  tlie  river. 
The  English  had  di.ided  tliemselves  into  ti)rec  s(juadrons  :  80,  under  Ilar- 
man,  proccMled  by  a  circuitous  route,  tlunking  to  surprise  some  in  their 
corii-fields,  while  Moidton,  with  80  more,  proceeded  din^ctly  lor  the  village, 
wliicli,  helng  surroiuided  by  trees,  could  not  be  seen  until  they  wer(!  close 
upon  it.  All  were  in  their  wigwams,  and  the  English  advanced  slowly  and 
in  perii'ct  silence.  When  i)retty  near,  an  Indian  came  out  of  his  wigwam, 
and,  accideutly  discovering  the  English,  ran  in  and  seized  his  gun,  and 
givinj.'  the  war-whoop,  in  u  lew  minutes  the  warriors  were  all  in  arms,  and 
advancing  to  meet  them.  Moulton  ordered  his  men  not  tc  fire  until  the 
Indians  hud  made  the  first  discharge.  This  order  was  obeyed,  and,  as  he 
exjiectud,  tiiey  overshot  the  English,  who  then  fired  upon  them,  in  their 
mm,  and  did  great  execution.  When  the  Indians  had  given  another  volley, 
tliey  fled  with  great  prcci|)itation  to  the  river,  whither  the  chief  of  their 
women  and  children  had  also  fled  during  the  fight.  Some  of  the  English 
piiiMied  and  killed  many  of  them  in  the  river,  and  otiiers  fell  to  pillaging 
and  burning  the  village.  Mogg  disdained  to  fly  with  the  rest,  but  kept  pos- 
srssinn  of  a  wigwaai,  from  which  he  fired  upon  the  ])illagers.  In  one  of 
liis  discharges  he  killed  a  Mohawk,  whose  brother  observing  it,  rushed  upon 
and  killed  him ;  and  thus  ended  the  strife.  There  were  about  (10  warriors 
in  tlie  place,  about  one  half  of  whom  were  killed. 

The  futnous  Rasle  shut  himself  up  in  his  house,  from  which  he  fired  upon 
the  English  ;  and,  having  wounded  one,  Lieutenant  Jaqnes,j  of  N'iwbury,  J  burst 
open  the  door,  and  shot  him  through  the  head  ;  although  Moulton  had  given 
orders  that  none  should  kill  him.  He  had  an  English  boy  with  him,  about 
14  years  old,  who  had  been  taken  some  time  before  from  the  frontiers,  and 
wlioni  the  English  reported  Rasle  was  about  to  kill.  Great  brutality  and 
ferocity  are  chargeable  to  the  English  in  this  affair,  according  to  their  own 
account ;  such  as  killing  women  and  children,  and  scalping  and  mangling 
the  bod)'  of  Father  Rasle. 

There  was  here  a  handsome  church,  with  a  bell,  on  which  the  F]nglish 
comniitied  a  double  sacrilege,  first  robbing  it,  then  setting  it  on  fire  ;  herein 
suri)iu>'si[ig  the  act  of  tlu  first  English  circumnavigator,  in  his  depredations 
upon  the  Spaniards  in  South  America ;  for  he  only  took  away  the  gold  and 

*  "  Ajirh  plusitmrs  tentatives,  d'abord  pour  engager  ces  sauvages  p-ir  les  offres  et  Us 
proiiKsses  les  plus  seduisantes  a  le  Iwrer  aux  Anglois,  ou  du  vwins  a  It  renvoyer  a  Quebec,  et 
a  prendre  en  sa  place,  un  de  letirs  ministres  ;  etisiiile  pour  le  surpendre  et  pour  I' eider er,  les 
Anzlois  lesolus  de  d'en  defaire,  qumqu'il  leur  en  dut  coCUer,  mirent  sa  tile  a  prix,  et  promirent 
nille  Hires  sterling  a  celui,  qui  la  leur  porteroit."     Charlevoix,  ui  supra. 

t  Wlio,  I  conclude,  was  a  volunteer,  as  I  do  not  find  his  name  upon  ihe  return  made  by 
Moulton,  which  is  upon  file  in  the  garret,  west  wing  ol'our  stale-house. 

}  Manuscript  History  of  Newbury,  by  Joshua  CoJJin,  S.  H.  S.,  which,  should  the  world 
ever  be  so  forkuiale  as  to  see  in  print,  we  will  insure  them  not  only  great  gratification,  but 
a  tuiut  of  amusement. 


\h 


m 

Ml 

»      ''    I '; 

I    ,    ■  ■'' 


^'iikn 


ill 

v;:SilS|l 


ti^it 


f 


i». 


^\^' 

\\'-\ 


128 


PAUGUS.— LOVEWTLL'S  FIGHT. 


[Book  II). 


silver  vessels  of  a  church,  and  its  crucifix,  hccauHe  it  was  of  massy  gold,  s^, 
about  with  diaiuondij,  aiul  that,  too,  upon  the  advice  of  his  ciiupliiin.  "'fiiy 
might  })  "  says  a  reverend  author,  "  for  sea  divinity,  l)ut  justice  Im  i|||j,g 
aiiothei  I  -lug."  Perhaps  it  will  he  as  well  not  to  inquire  here  wimt  kind  of 
divinity  would  authorize  the  acts  recorded  in  these  wars,  or  indeed  any  warji 

Upon  this  memorable  event  in  our  early  annals,  Father  Clutrlcmix  slmulj 
be  heard.  There  were  not,  says  he,  at  the  time  the  attacsk  was  nmdi-,  ulnjve 
50  warriors  at  Neridgewok  ;  these  seized  their  arms,  and  run  in  (lisonlir,ii(,t 
to  defend  the  place  against  an  enemy,  who  was  already  in  it,  but  to  tiivor  ihg 
flij^ht  of  the  women,  the  old  men  and  the  children,  and  to  give  theiu  time  to 
gam  the  side  of  the  river,  which  was  not  yet  in  possession  of  tlie  Kiii'lisli 
Father  Rasle,  warned  by  the  clamors  and  tumult,  and  the  danger  in  wiiiilj 
he  found  his  proselytes,  ran  to  present  himself  to  the  assailants,  lio|)iiiir  ](, 
draw  all  their  fury  upon  him,  that  thereby  he  might  prove  the  sulvatiuiruf 
his  flock.  His  hope  was  vain  ;  for  haidly  had  he  discovered  himself  wIri) 
the  English  raised  a  great  shout,  which  was  followed  by  a  shower  of  .shot 
by  which  he  fell  dead  near  to  the  cross  which  he  had  erected  in  the  centre 
of  the  village :  seven  Indians  who  attended  him,  and  who  cndeuvorud  lo 
shield  liiin  with  their  own  bodies,  fell  dead  at  his  side.  Thus  died  iLij 
charitable  pastor,  giving  his  life  lor  his  sheep,  after  37  years  of  painful  luliors. 

Although  the  English  shot  near  2000  muskets,  they  killed  but  '.M)  and 
wounded  40.  They  spared  not  the  church,  which,  after  they  had  indignantly 
profaned  its  sacred  vases,  and  the  adorable  body  of  Jesus  Christ,  tliey  set  ou 
fire.  They  then  retired  w  ith  precipitation,*  having  been  seized  with  a  sud- 
den ])anic.  The  Indians  returned  immediately  into  the  village  ;  and  their 
first  care,  while  the  women  sought  plants  and  herbs  [)roper  to  heal  the 
wounded,  was  to  shed  tears  ui)on  the  body  of  their  holy  missionary.  Tiiey 
found  him  pierced  with  a  thousand  shot,  his  scalp  taken  ofi",  his  skull  frac- 
tured with  hatchets,  his  mouth  and  eyes  filled  with  dirt,  the  bones  of  hij 
legs  broken,  and' all  his  members  mutilated  in  a  hundred  difiereiit  ways.t 

Such  is  the  account  of  the  fiill  of  llasle,  by  a  brother  of  the  faith ;  a  deplo- 
rable picture,  by  whomsoever  related!  Of  the  truth  of  its  main  particulars 
tliere  can  be  no  doubt,  as  will  be  seen  by  a  comparison  of  the  above  transla- 
tion with  the  account  preceding  it.  There  were,  besides  Mogg,  other  chief 
Indians,  who  fell  that  day:  "Bomazeen,  Mogg,  Wissememet,  Job,  Car*- 
BESETT,  and  Bomazeen's  son-in-law,  all  famous  warriors."  The  inhumanity 
of  the  English  on  this  occasion,  especially  to  the  women  and  cliildreu, 
cannot  be  excused.     It  greatly  eclipses  the  lustre  of  the  victory. 

Harman  was  the  general  in  the  expedition,  X  and,  for  a  time,  had  the  honor 
of  it ;  but  Moulton,  according  to  Governor  Hutchinson,  achieved  the  victory,  and 
it  was  afterward  acknowledged  by  the  country.  He  was  a  prisoner,  when  a 
small  boy,  among  tlie  eastern  Indians,  being  among  those  taken  at  tiie 
destruction  of  York,  in  161)2.  He  died  at  York,  20  July,  17(J5,  aged  77, 
The  township  of  Moultonborough,  in  New  Hampshire,  was  named  from 
him,  and  many  of  his  posterity  reside  tliere  at  the  present  day. 

Under  the  head  Paugus,  we  shall  proceed  to  narrate  our  last  event  in  the 

S resent  chapter,  than  which,  may  be,  few,  if  any,  are  oflener  mentioned  ia 
"ew  England  story. 

Paugus,  slain  in  the  memorable  battle  with  the  English  under  Captain 
Loveivelt,  in  1725,  was  chief  of  tlie  Pequawkets.  Fryeburg,  in  Maine,  now 
includes  the  principal  place  of  their  former  residence,  and  die  place  where 
the  battle  was  fought.  It  was  near  a  considerable  body  of  water,  called 
Saco  Pond,  whi«'h  is  the  source  of  the  river  of  the  same  nan;e.  The  cruel 
and  barbarous  murders  almost  daily  committed  by  the  Indians  upon  tlie 
defenceless  frontier  inhabitants,  caused  the  general  court  of  Massaclmsefii 
to  offer  a  bounty  of  £100  for  every  Indian's  scalp.     Among  the  excursions 


*  Tljcy  eucamped  tho  following  nighl  in  the  Indian  wlgwains,  uudcr  a  guard  of  only -W 
men.     Hutchinson,  ii.  312. 
t  Histoire  Generate  de  Nouvelle  France,  ii.  382 — 1. 
X  He  did  not  arrive  at  the  village  till  near  night,  when  the  action  was  over.    Huicl» 


ton,  ii.  313. 


[Rook  111. 

»f  massy  gold,  set 
chuiihiiii.    "Tliu 
It  justict!  is  iiuite 
lerc  wliut  kind  of 
iiidt'ed  uiiy  warii. 
Clmrkvoix  flioulj 
wiiH  inudi',  ulxive 
jn  in  (lisui'dLM',  nut 
it,  hut  to  I'uvor  the 
give  tlieiu  tiint  to 
on  of  tliH  Eiiijiisli, 
c  danger  iu  whiWi 
isuilants,  liopin;.'  to 
;  tlie  sulvatiuii  of 
ured  liiinseir  wlim 
u  sliowcr  of  sliot, 
ected  in  tlie  centre 
^lio  endeavored  to 
}.     Tlius  died  tliu 
rs  of  painful  lul)ors. 
killed  but  'S  and 
liey  liad  indignantly 
I  Christ,  they  set  on 
seized  with  a  sud- 
}  village  ;  and  their 
[)roper  to  heal  the 
niissionary.    Tliey 
oft',  his  skull  frHc- 
rt,  tiic  hones  of  liij 
different  ways,  t 
f  the  faith;  adeplo- 
its  main  parliciilars 
\ti'  the  ahove  transla- 
8  Mogg,  other  chief 
MEMET,  Job,  Cara- 
,"    The  inhumanity 
omen  and  childreu, 
victory. 

time,  had  the  honor 
eved  the  victory,  and 
i  a  prisoner,  when  a 
those  taken  at  the 
uly,  17G5,  aged  77, 
was  named  from 
.it  day.  . 

lour  last  event  in  the 
ften«r  mentioned  in 

Iglish  under  Captain 
jurg,  in  Maine,  now 
and  the  place  where 
Ldy  of  water,  called 
ie  name.  The  cruel 
lie  Indians  upon  the 
lirt  of  Massacliuseta 
Inong  the  excursions 


under  a  guard  of  only  « 


Chap.  I-^-l 


PAUOUS.— LOVEWELLS  FIGHT. 


129 


ton  was  over. 


/futcto- 


nerforincd  by  Lovewell,  pnn-ioiis  to  that  in  wliich  ho  was  kilh'd, 
^iliortniit  was  that  to  tlio  head  of  Sahiioii-fall  JJivcr,  now  VVai 
\,.\v  HanipHhire.  * 


With    10  iiicn,  lie  cauic  upon  a 


tlio  most 
ikofifld,  iu 
siuall  company  ol"  tea 
Imliaiis,  who  were  asleep  by  their  lircs,  and,  by  stationing  his  men  ndvan- 
t;i(re(ms'ly,  killed  all  of  them.  This  bloody  deed  was  per(brnu;d  near  the 
vliiire  of  a  jiond,  which  has  over  since  borne  the  name  of  Lovcweirs  Pond. 
\rtir  taking  oft"  their  scalps,  these  40  warriors  marched  to  IJoston  in  gnat 
iriiiMi|)li,  with  the  ten  scalps  extended  upon  hoops,  disjdayed  in  the  Indian 
manner,  and  for  which  they  received  £1000.  This  exploit  was  the  more 
liuiiled,  as  it  was  supposed  tluit  tli(!se  ten  Indians  were  upon  an  ex|)edition 
.|,rainst  the  English  upon  the  frontiers;  having  new  guns,  much  ammup'- 
lion.  and  spare  blankets  and  moccasons,  to  accommodate  captives.  'Inis, 
however,  was  mere  conjecture ;  and  whether  they  had  killed  friends  or 
ineinit'S  was  not  (piite  so  certain  as  that  tla^y  had  killed  Indians. 

It  is  said  that  Paugus  was  well  known  to  many  of  the  English,  and  per- 
sonidiv  to  matiy  o^  LovtweWs  men.  That  his  name  was  a  terror  lo  the 
troiiticrs,  we  have  no  doubt ;  and  that  his  a])pearance  at  Pequawket,  when 
nut  bv  Lovewell,  was  enough  to  have  struck  terror  into  all  that  beheld  him, 
niavuot  be  questioned,  we  will  let  the  poetf  describe  him. 


.  Twas  Paiipis  led  tlie  Pequ'k't  tribe  : 
A>  runs  llie  lax,  would  J'aii^us  ruii ; 
As  howls  die  wild  wolC,  woulil  he  howl ; 
A  huge  bear-skin  had  J'uugus  on. 


2.  Rut  Clunnberlain,  of  Dmisiahh, 
One  whom  a  savage  ne'er  shall  slay, 
INIel  J'uiioiis  by  the  water-side. 
And  shot  him  dead  upon  that  day. 


The  second  in  command  among  the  Indians  on  that  memorable  day  wa? 
named  Wahwa,  but  of  him  we  have  no  particulars.  Captain  LoveioeU 
iiKirclied  out  from  Dunstable  with  4(j  men,  about  the  IG  April,  1725,  of  which 
event  the  poet  thus  speaks : — 


3,  What  time  the  noble  Lovewell  came, 
Wiih  fifty  men  from  Dunstable, 
The  fruel  Pecju'k't  trilie  to  tame, 
U'i'h  arm.'  iuid  bloodshed  terrible. 

4,\Viih  LcifwellhTaveJohn  Harwood  came  ; 
From  wife  and  babes'  twas  hard  to  part  j 
Young  Hat  wood  took  her  by  the  band, 
And  bound  the  weeper  to  his  heart. 

J,  "  Repress  that  tear,  my  Mary,  dear, 
Said  Harwood  to  his  loving  wife  ; 
It  tries  mc  hard  to  leave  thee  here, 
And  seek  in  distant  woods  the  strife. 

.  ■When  gone,  mv  Mary,  think  of  me, 
And  pray  lo  God  that  I  may  be 
Such  as  one  ought  that  lives  for  thee, 
And  cojne  at  last  in  victory." 


7.  Thus  left  youn^  Harwood,  babe  and  wife  5 
With  arcent  wdd  she  bade  adieu : 

It  grieved  those  lovers  much  to  part, 
So  fond  and  fair,  so  kind  and  true. 

8.  John  Harwood  died  all  l)athed  in  blood, 
When  he  liad  fought  till  set  of  day ; 
And  many  more  wc  may  not  name, 
Fell  in  that  bloody  batde  fray. 

9.  When  news  did  come  to  tlarwood's  wife, 
That  he  with  Lovewell  fought  and  died ; 
Far  in  the  wilds  had  given  his  life 

Nor  more  would  in  this  home  abide  ; 

10.  Such  grief  did  seize  upon  her  mind. 
Such  sorrow  fdled  her  faithful  breast, 
On  earth  she  ne'er  found  peace  again, 
But  followed  Harwood  to  his  rest. 


They  arrived  near  the  place  where  they  expected  to  find  Indians,  on  the 
(May;  and,  early  the  next  morning,  while  at  prayers,  heard  a  gun,  which 
flipy  rightly  suspected  to  be  fired  by  some  of  Pmtgv^^s  men,  and  imme- 
diately prepared  for  an  encounter.     Divesting  themselves  of  their  packs, 
iliov  marched  forward  to  discover  the  enemy.     But  not  knowing  in  what 
I  direction  to  proceed,  they  marched  in  an  opposite  direction  from  the  In- 
;  dians    This  gave  Paugus  great   advantage ;  who,  following  their  tracks, 
I  soon  fell  in  with  their  packs,  from  which  he  learned  their  strength.     Being 
1  eiicouruged  by  his  superior  numbers,  Paugus  courted  the  conflict,  and  pur- 
sued the  J^nglish  with  ardor.    His  number  of  men  was  said  to  have  been 


In  December  of  die  previous  year,  (1721,)  with  a  few  followers,  he  made  an  expedition  to 
j  Ike  norih-east  of  Winnipisiogee  Lake,  in  which  he  killed  one  and  took  another  prisoner.  For 
jlliese  he  received  die  bounty  offered  by  government. 

I  t  The  editors  or  publishers  of  the  N.  H.  collections  have  inserted  the  above  lines,  in 
I  unitanon  of  the  ancient  Chevy  Chase;  but  whence  they  were  obtained,  or  who  was  iheir 
Uutlior,  ihey  do  not  inl'orm  us;  perhaps,  like  that  of  which  they  are  an  imitation,  the  author 
[remains  unknown.    We  give  it  entire. 


130 


PAUGUS.— ia)ve\vi:ll'S  fight. 


IBOMK  111 


80,  wliilc  that  of  tlio  Eiif,'liHli  coii.sitstcd  of  no  iiioro  thun  34,  liavinj;  ]^,^\  ^^,^ 
in  u  fort,  wliicli  tlu'y  Ixiilt  at  <)s.xi|it'(!;  and  one,  an  Indian  nanit-d  7Uiy,  imj 
before  returned  liome,  on  account  of  lanicneHH.  The  fort  at  Uswipcc  wa'siiir 
a  retreat  in  case  of  emerKcncv,  and  to  Merve  an  u  deposit  of  part  of  tjnif 
provisions,  of  wiiich  they  disencuniliercd  themselves  before  ieaviii<;  it. 

Aller  niarchini,'  u  considerable  distance  from  the  i)lacc  of  their  t'll(•ilI|||^ 
ment  on  tiio  morning  of  the  8  *  May,  Ensign  tVyrnan  discovered  an  lihllai, 
wlio  was  out  bimting,  having  in  one  hand  some  iovvls  lie  had  just  i<il|i'(|,  ■^^^^^ 
in  the  other,  two  guns.  There  can  be  no  probability  that  he  tliou,\'hl  of  iiktih,,. 
un  enemy,  but  no  sooner  was  he  discovered  by  the  English,  than  scvcnij  ^uifs 
were  fired  at  liim,  but  nfissed  him.  Seeing  that  sure  d(;ath  was  his  lui,  i|,|, 
valiant  Indian  resolved  to  defend  himself  to  his  last  breath  ;  and  the  uctiun  \\,,j 
as  Hjieedy  as  the  thought :  his  gun  was  levelled  at  the  English,  and  Loniw/ 
was  mortally  wounded.  Ensign  H'ifinan,  taking  deliberate  aim,  killed  tlii'iinur 
hunter;  which  action  our  poet  describes  in  glowing  terms  as  folluws: 


11.  Seth  ^VlJman,  wlio  in  Woburn  lived, 
A  marksmnii  he  of  rourajfe  true, 
Shot  tlic  first  Indian  wiioin  ihuv  saw ; 
Sheer  tlirough  his  heart  tliu  bullet  flew. 


12.  The  savage  had  been  seckiiie  itrinii'; 
Two  ^uns,  and  eke  a  knilc,  he  lidrc, 
And  two  black  ducks  were  in  hisliai;,!- 
He  shrieked,  and  fell  to  rise  iiu  iiiuri'. 


He  was  scalped  by  the  chaplain  and  another,  and  then  they  inarrlihl 
again  by  the  way  they  came,  to  recover  their  packs.  This  moveiiiciit  «« 
expected  by  the  wily  Pauous,  and  he  accordingly  prepared  an  aiiil)iL<li  m 
cut  them  off,  or  to  take  them  prisoners,  as  fortune  should  will. 


13.  Anon,  t'lerc  eighty  Indians  rose, 

Who'd  liid  themselves  in  amlxisii  dread ; 
Their  knives  they  shook,  their  guns  they 

aimed, 
The  famous  I'auffus  at  their  head. 


M.  John  Lovexifell,  captain  of  the  band, 
His  sword  he  wav«d,  that  sliilcrodbrirt;. 
For  the  last  time  he  cheered  his  mcii. 
And  led  them  onward  to  the  tiglit. 


Wlien  the  Indians  rose  from  their  coverts,  they  nearly  encircli'd  tlie 
English,  but  seemed  loath  to  begin  the  fight ;  and  were,  no  doiiht,  in  liajH j 
tlmt  the  English,  seeing  their  ninnbcrs,  would  yield  without  a  Imttle :  anj, 
therelbre,  made  towards  them  with  their  guns  presented,  and  threw  away 
their  first  fire.  They  then  held  up  ropes  which  they  had  provided  for  spciir- 
ing  captives,  and  asked  them  if  they  would  have  quarter.  This  only  eiicuur- 
oged  tlie  English,  who  answered  "only  at  the  muzzles  of  their  guns;"  unJ 
they  rushed  toward  the  Indians,  fired  as  they  pressed  on,  and,  killiiij;  iniuiv, 
drove  thenx  several  rods.  But  they  soon  rallied  and  fired  vigorous!)  in 
their  turn,  and  obliged  the  English  to  retreat,  leaving  nine  dead  uiid  tlirw 
wounded,  where  the  battle  began.  Loveioell,  though  mortally  wouiuieu  be- 
fore, had  led  his  men  until  this  time,  but  fell  before  the  retreat. 

Although  we  transpose  the  verses  in  the  song,  to  acconnnodate  tlitin  lo 
the  circumstances  of  the  fight,  yet  we  cannot  avoid  entirely  their  imi'iilar- 
ity  in  reference  to  it.  By  the  next  that  follow,  it  wottld  seem,  that  Loifinii 
received  a  second  wound  befoie  he  fell. 


15.  "  Fight  on,  fight  on,"  brave  Lovewell  said ; 
"  Fight  on,  while  Heaven  shall  give  you 

breath ! " 
An  Indian  ball  then  pierced  him  through, 
And  Lovewell  closed  his  eyes  in  death. 


16. 


Good  heavens  !  is  this  a  time  for  prayer! 
Is  this  a  time  to  worship  (iod; 
When  Lovewell' s  men  arc  dying  fast, 
And  Paugus'  tribe  hath  fell  (lie  roJ  ! 


In  this  16th  verse  the  poet,  perliaps,  had  reference  to  the  morning  prayer, 
which  Mr.  Frye,  tne  chaplain,  made  before  marching,  on  the  day  of  ihe 
battle  ;  c>/,  perhaps,  more  probably,  to  the  ejaculations  he  made  on  the  field 
after  he  was  mortally  wounded.  In  the  morning  he  prayed  thus  iiatrioticiiHy: 
"We  came  out  to  meet  the  enemy;  we  have  alt  along  jirayed  God  w  ini?!* 
find  them  ;  we  liad  rather  trust  Providence  with  our  lives ;  yea,  die  for  oiff  I 
country,  than  try  to  return  without  seeing  them,  if  we  miglit;  and  be  ral 
cowards  Ibr  our  pains."  f 


t 


This  was  O.  S.  and  corresponds  to  May  I'J,  N.  S. — Sec  note  in  hist  chapter. 
Address  of  C.  S.  Dams,  (p.  17,)  delivered  at  Fryeburg,  100  years  after  the  fignl- 


IBu.iK  111 

Jl,  hiiviiic  i("t\  tin 
nuiiifti  Tubij,  liiiii 
It  08wi|H!e  wib  liir 
it  of  part  of  ihtir 
(!  lotiviiif;  it 
(tf  tlieir  t'liciiiiij). 
•oviTLul  an  lihliiiii, 
md  jiwt  killed,  and 
tli<)u;;htot"iinTtiii!; 
,  tliuii  Ki'Vfi'iil  ;;iiii< 
,th  was  Ills  lot,  i!ii, 
;  uml  tlieuctiun  wiis 
[{lish,  uiid  LoviKii 
uim,  killtul  tlifimur 
•1118  U8  follows : 

ocn  seckiiiR  umuu  ; 
ie  a  kiiilc,  lir  l«'ri'. 
icks  were  in  liisliaml; 
fell  to  rise  iio  moro. 

then  they  niarchcj 
rhiH  nioveiiH'iit  wm 
pared  aii  mulnu^i  lo 
1  will. 

aplain  of  tlic  baml. 

ived,  ihat  sl''i'«"^'"''*' 
.  he  checrcil  liis  moii. 

Iward  10  llic  f'g>"' 

nearly  encircknl  the 
[e,  no  doubt,  i"  l'"!** 
ithoiit  a  buttle :  ami, 
ted,  and  threw  a«ay 
id  provided  for  senir- 
r.    This  only  cueuur- 
J  of  their  puns;'' Mi 
)n,  and,  killing  mimy. 
I  fired  vigoroujily  in  i 
r  nine  dead  and  thrte  ! 
inortallywoundeulx- 

.  retreat. 

cconiniodatc  tlifinio 

itirely  their  irregular. 

■  d  seem,  that  Loiwtl. 

is  this  a  lime  for  p;"' 
p  worship  tied  ■) 
t'smenarcdymslas. 
fribe  katli  fell  Hie  xoi  '■ 


lo  the  morning  prayer, 
g,  on  the  day  otie 
.heinadeonthetieli 
Ived  thus  putnotu'ullv 
Krayed  God  %vo.n«?hi 

■  might  •,  and  be  rail 


'^Ijears  after  UicfighL 


CBif.  IX.] 


PAUGUS.— LOVEWELL'S  FIGHT. 


101 


.-  11^  chapliiiii'*<  name  was  Jonathan  Fnje  ; 

'    III  Aiidover  Ills  fnlhcr  ilwnll, 

\ii,|  (il\  w  itli  /.(»<i-wi-l/'.i  ini'ii  ho'd  prayed, 
Btl'ore  the  iiuirlal  wound  he  fell. 

13  A  man  was  he  of  romelv  form, 

('iilislii'd  iiiid  brave,  well  learnt  and  kind  ; 
Olil  Harvard's  Irnrni'd  halls  he  lull, 
K.ir  in  ilic  wilds  a  f!;ravc  lo  find. 

1)  All!  now  Ills  l)lood-red  arm  he  lifls, 
'  1|:<  closiiis;  lids  he  tries  to  raise  ; 

Ami  speak  once  more  before  he  dies, 

ill  Miiiplicaiion  and  in  praise. 

•Jl.  lie  prnv'  kind  Heaven  lo  grant  snrcess, 
llmvp  Litvni'fl/'s  men  lo  fjiiide  and  bless, 
Ami  when  they've  shed  their  hearts'-blood 

true, 
To  raise  them  all  to  happiness. 


21.  "  Come  hither,  FarwfU."  said  voting  Fnje, 
"  Yoi'  see  llmt  I'm  about  lo  ifio; 

N.iw  for  the  love  I  bear  lo  you, 

When  fold  in  death  my  bones  shall  lie  ; 

22.  "  (Jo  thou  and  see  my  parents  dear, 
An<l  tell  ihem  you  stood  by  me  here  ; 
Console  thein  when  they  ery,  Alas'. 
And  wipe  away  the  falling  iear." 

23.  Lieutenant  Farwell  look  his  hand. 
His  arm  around  his  iicek  he  threw. 

And  said,  ''  Hrave  cha|>lain,  I  roiild  wish 
That  Hearen  had  made  me  die  for  you.'" 

21..  The  chaplain  on  kind  FanceWs  brcaiit, 
Hloody,  and  laiic^uishiiig,  he  fell ; 
Nor  alter  that,  said  more  but  this, 
"  1  love  thee,  $oldi(;r  -,  fare  thee  well  I '' 


"The  fijflit  continued,"  snyH  the  Reverend  Mr.  Sjjmmes,  "  very  furious  and 
oltfiiiiiite  till  towards  iiipht.  The  Indians  roarinjf'  and  yellinj?  and  iiowliiig 
Iiki>  wiilvcH,  harking  liki;  dogs,  and  making  all  sorts  of  hideous  noises :  the 
KiiL-iisii  t'reiiuciitly  shouting  and  iiii//aing,  as  they  did  after  the  fir.st  round. 
At  line  tiiiu!  Captain  H)iman  is  confident  they  were  got  to  I'owawing,  hy 
their  striking  on  the  ground,  and  other  odd  motions;  but  at  length  fi'ifmnn 
rrijit  lip  towards  them,  alio,  firing  amongst  them,  shot  the  chief  i'ovvaw,  and 
brnke  iiit  their  meeting."  * 


!o. (iiio    heavens!  they  danco  the   powow 
ilancc. 
What  horrid  yells  ihe  forest  fill ! 
The  );rim  bear  crouehes  in  his  den, 
The  tagle  <iceks  the  distant  hill. 


2G.  "  What    means  this    dance,  this    powow 
diinec?" 
Slern  M'ljmnn  sa\(\ ;  with  wondrous  art. 
He  crept  fidl  nenr.  his  ride  ninied, 
And  shot  the  leader  through  the  heart. 


Tlip  first  of  the  following  etanzas  is  very  happily  conceived,  and  althondi 
i  not  ill  tjie  order  of  the  poet,  is  as  appropriate  here,  as  where  it  originally 

(loud. 


'.  Thi'nilidlhccrim.son  strcains,  that  (low'd, 
Sipiii  like  the  waters  of  the  brook. 
Thai  lirij;htly  shine,  that  loudly  dash, 
Far  down  the  cliffs  of  Agiochook.f 


28.  Ah  !  many  a  wife  shall  rend  her  hair, 
And  many  a  child  ery, ''  Woe  is  me," 
When  messengers  Ihe  news  shall  bear, 
Of  Loi'i'iceU's  doar-boughl  victory. 


'  .N'arralive  of  the  fight  at  Figgwaekel,  vii. 

t  The  Indian  name  of  the  White  ftFounlains,  or,  as  the  people  of  New  Hampsliiro  woidd 
lev.  While  Hills.    The  natives  believed  the  summits  of  these  mountains  to  be  inhabited  by 
■■M'iMo  beinjfa,  but  whether  good  or  evil  we  arc  not  informed.     Nor  is  it  of  much  importance, 
iorp  ihi'v  reverenced  the  one  as  much  as  the  other. 

Ii  i-  always  highly  gralifying  lo  the  curious  to  observe  how  people  primitively  viewed 

iN  which  have  become  familiar  to  them.     We  will   here  present  the   rearler  with  Mr. 

■'to s  description  of  Ihe  White  Mountains,  not  for  its  accnractj,  but  for  its  curious  e.xirava- 

I'    "  Four  score  miles,  (iipon  a  direct  line,)  lo  the  N.  W.  of  Scarborow,  a  ridge  of 

( I  iiniiK  run  N.  W.  and  N.  E.  an  hundred  leagues,  known  by  the  name  of  ihe  While 

'  "ii.iiiis.  upon  which  lieth  snow  all  the  year,  and  is  a  landmark  iwciily  miles  ofl'ai  sea.     !c 

:  r;.iiij  (tround  from  the  sea  shore  to  these  hills,  and  they  are  inaccessible  but  by  the  gul- 

ifMihich  the  dissolved  snow  hath  made.     In  these  gidlies  grow  saven  bushes,  which  being 

•iilioldof.  are  a  good  help  lo  the  climbing  discoverer.     Upon  the  top  of  the  highest  of 

■' iiiiiimtiiins,  is  a  largo  level,  or  plain,  of  a  day's  journey  over,  whereon  noiliiiig  grows 

^1  ill^.^.    At  the  liirther  end  of  this  plain  is  another  iiill  called  ll;c    ^n<;ur-loii/,  to  oiilward 

JMiioc  a  rude  heap  of  massie  stones  piled  one  upon  another,  and  you  m.iy,  as  you 

•iri'iiL  slop  from  one  stone  lo  another,  as  if  you  were  going  up  a  pair  of  stairs,  but  winding 

Kil  iiSoui  tlic  hill,  till  you  come  to  tlic  lop,  which  will  require  half  a  day's  lime,  and  yet  it  is 

Tl  al'ove  a  mile,  where  there  is  also  a  level  of  about  an  acre  of  ground,  wiili  a  pond   of 

Var  ttiiier  in  llie  midst  of  it,  which  you  may  hear  run  down,  but  how  il  a^eends  is  a  mystery. 

T)in  this  roi'ky  hill  you  may  see  the  whole  country  round  about  ;  il  is  far  above  the  lower 

i'i<.  and  from  hence  we  beheld  a  vapor,  (like  a  great  pillar,)  drawn  up  by  the  sun-beams 

tol  il  »reat  lake,  or  pond,  into  tlio  air,  where  it  was  formed  inlo  ?  cloud.     The   coiinlry 

T"iid  these  hills,  northward,  is  daunting  terrible,  being  full  of  rocky  hills,  as  thick  as  mole 

in  a  meadow,  and  cloalhed  with  infinite  thick  woods."     Nt'ir  F.iinlinirl'n  Unnfifx,  3,  4. 

I  recollections  are  associated  with  the  name  of  these  mountains.    The  destruction  of  lives, 


,  v  i»it'>  •■-fjj.r/.  >  ■«?,■, 


''-  i:l^felii 


^mm 


. ...  .  ,.?3 


132 


PAUGUS.— LOVEWELL'S  FIGHT. 


[Book  III 


29.  Willi  fonislcps  slow  shall  iravrllcru  go,  30.  Old  ninii  shall  shake  ihoir  lieadj.anJ  sav 

WliiTc /.(ir.'ii'iVr.v  pomi  shines  clour  and  •' Sad  was  ilio  hour  and  Icrnlilc, 

l>ri!{ht,  Whon  l.ovneeU,  biavo,  'gainji  ;>jj^^ 

And  nmrk  \.\w  plnro  whrrc  those  are  laid,  went, 

Who  fell  in  LoveweWs  bloody  (igiit.  WiUi  fd\y  men  from  Dimstahle." 

If  iniraclr'H  Iiad  not  tlioii  rniiHod  in  tlin  land,  wo  hIiouUI  Ih>  induced  to  „i,m 
to  tlinir  credit  tlu!  cxtraordinaiy  cscaiMi  of  scvrral  of  the  wonndtd  KukIj,),. 
mm.  Solomon  h'fi/cs,  liavinj,'  rcrcivcd  three;  woinuLs,  Huid  lit;  would  liiilc  im,,. 
Htdf,  and  die  in  u  secret  place,  when;  tlu;  Indiani^  could  not  tindiiim  in  jt 
hirt  scal|).  A.s  he  crawled  upon  the  nhore  of  the  pond,  at  souk^  di^ijihc. 
from  the  Hceno  of  action,  he  ibund  a  canoe,  into  which  Ik;  ri)lli'(|  Inn,. 
seltj  and  was  drilled  away  by  the  wind.  To  hin  great  a.stoni.sliiiHnt,  1,^ 
was  cast  ashore  at  no  great  distance  from  the  fort  at  Ossipee,  whicli  Iit>  lum,,! 
means  to  recover,  and  there  met  several  ol  iiis  compunions;  and,  jtuimni, 
strength,  returned  home  with  them. 

Those  who  escaped  did  not  lenv.;  the  battle-groi'iid  until  neiir  iiiiilniirln 
When  they  arrived  at  the;  fori,  they  expected  to  have  Ibund  refresliincm,  miij 
those  they  had  lell  as  a  reserve ;  but  a  fellow,  whose  name  is  not  iiiiiitiuiihl, 
who  deserted  the  rest  when  the  battle  began,  and  fled  there,  so  ('ri;;liiiiir,! 
them,  tliat  they  fl<;d  in  great  confusion  and  dismay  to  their  homes. 

The  |)lace  wiiere  this  tight  took  place  was  .50  miles  from  any  wiiitc  inhiib 
itnnts;  and  that  any  should  liave  survived  the  famine  which  now  Miirm 
them  in  tht;  face,  is  almost  as  miraculous  as  that  they  should  liavi- i'si';i|iii{ 
death  at  the  hands  of  the  courageous  warriors  of  Paiigits ;  yet  11  livnl  j 
return  to  tiieir  friends. 

Fifty  men,  from  New  Hampshire,  afterwards  niarclied  to  tl:e  srnn'  if 
action,  where  they  found  and  buried  the  dead.  They  found  hut  tlirir  Ie- 
dians,  one  of  whom  was  Pauxus.  The  rest  were  supposed  to  have  Iw 
taken  away  when  they  retreated  from  the  battle. 

Thus  progressed  and  terminated  the  expedition  agnin.st  the  PpqimwkiN 
And  althoug!'  The  whites  coidd  scarcely  claim  the  victory,  yet,  u.siii  ilu  a^ 
of  the  Narragansets,  the  Northern  Indians  received  a  blow  from  wiiicli  ihev 
nev(;r  recovered.  With  the  Androscoggins,  the  Pequawkets  soon  iillcrntirHl 
towards  the  sources  of  the  Connecticut  River.  After  remaining;  in  ilii* 
regions  al)out  two  years,  they  separated,  and  the  Androscoggins  ninovcihi 
Canada,  where  they  were  afterwards  known  as  the  St.  Francis  tribe,  'Wv 
Pequawkets  remained  upon  the  Connecticut,  who,  in  the  time  of  tiie  revolu- 
tionary war,  were  imder  a  chief  named  Philip.  In  1728,  a  tract  of  cduiitn, 
sinc(;  Pembroke,  N.  II.,  was  granted  to  the  men  that  went  out  witii  Lortmi. 
and  it  for  some  time  bore  the  name  of  LovewtWs  Town. 

We  had  here  nearly  concluded  to  close  our  account  of  this  affair,  k 
caimot  relieve  ourself  easily  of  the  recollection  of  the  following  sonjr,  «iiii- 
out  inserting  it,  although  we,  and  others,  have  elsewhere  published  it.  lit*  I 
said  to  have  been  composed  tiie  same  year  of  the  fight,  and  for  several  ] 
years  afterwards  was  the  most  beloved  song  in  all  New  England: 

1.  Of  worthy  Captain  Lovewell  I  purpose  now  to  sing, 
How  valiantly  he  served  his  country  and  his  king ; 
He  and  his  valiant  soldiers  did  range  the  woods  full  wide. 

And  liardships  they  endured  to  quell  the  Indian's  pride. 

2.  "Twas  nigh  unto  Pigwacket,  on  the  eighth  day  of  May, 
They  spied  a  rebel  Indian  soon  after  break  of  day ; 
He  on  a  bank  was  walking,  upon  a  neck  of  land. 
Which  leads  into  a  pond,  as  we're  made  to  understand. 

3.  Our  men  resolved  to  have  him,  and  travelled  two  miles  round, 
Unlil  Ihcy  mot  the  Indian,  who  boldly  stood  his  ground  ; 
Then  speaks  up  Captain  Loveioell,  "  Take  you  good  heed,"  says  he; 
"  This  rogue  is  to  decoy  us,  I  very  plainly  see. 


occasioned  by  an  avalanche  at  the  celebrated  Notch,  in  182G,  will  not  soon  be  forgwwl 
Mr.  Moore,  of  Concord,  has  published  an  interesting  account  of  it  in  ihe  Coll.  N.  H.  Hbi.^l 
vol.  iii. 


m  Dunslatilc' 


iiiioii!);  and,  uuiinn^ 


,  will  not  soon  be  to*: 
'iaiheColl.N.H-""'n 


Ca^r.  IX.)  PAUOUS.— LOVEWELL'S  riGIIT. 

4.  "  Tim  Inflians  lie  in  amhiish,  in  some  p'.'ice  nigh  nt  hand, 
III  (irdrr  lo  siirrciiiiKl  iit  "iion  thi«  iierk  iif  liiiid  ; 
Thcrct'orc  we'll  iniirrh  in  ordoi,  uiid  rarli  man  l"nve  his  pack, 
That  wo  may  liri>kly  (ii;lil  di.'ni  when  tlicy  sliull  us  nltack." 

lid  lliiMii  llms  defy 
111'  mull 
Wliiili  \voiinil*-(l  (;a|)iaiii  i.ovi<rrll,  and  llki'wiso  one  man  more; 


133 


Thry  I'nmn  unto  this  Indian,  who  iliil  llii-m  llms  iloty  ; 
As  .soon  as  llicy  rami"  imkIi  liiin,  two  pnis  ho  did  U-l  fly, 


Hut  whon  tins  ropiu  was  runniiiir,  ihvy  laid  him  in  his  gore. 

6.  Then  having'  srnlnod  (ho  Indian,  ihcy  wont  back  to  the  spot, 

Where  Ih  -y  had  laid  tlicir  packs  down,  Iml  there  they  lonnd  them  not; 
For  the  In.'ians  haviii<r  spied  them,  when  thev  them  down  did  lay, 
Did  seize  them  for  their  plunder,  and  carry  them  away. 

7.  These  rebels  lay  in  ambush,  this  very  place  hard  '  ", 
So  that  an  English  soldier  did  one  of  them  espy. 

And  cried  out,  •'  Here's  an  Indian !  "  wilh  that  ihey  started  out, 
As  fiercely  as  old  limis,  and  hideously  did  shout. 

8.  With  that  our  valiant  English  all  gave  a  loud  huzza, 
To  shew  Ihe  rebel  Indians  they  feared  them  not  a  straw; 
So  now  the  fight  began,  as  fiercely  as  could  be. 

The  Indians  ran  up  lo  them,  but  soon  were  forced  to  flee. 

9.  Then  spake  up  Captain  Loveivell,  when  first  the  fieht  began, 
"  Fight  on,  my  valiant  heroes  !  you  see  they  fall  like  rain." 
For,  as  we  are  informed,  the  Indians  were  so  thick, 

A  man  could  scarcely  fire  a  gun  and  not  some  of  them  hit, 

10.  Then  did  the  rebels  try  their  best  our  soldiers  to  surrounu 
But  they  could  not  accomplish  it,  because  there  was  a  pond, 
To  which  our  men  retreated,  and  covered  all  the  rear ; 

The  ro;  lies  were  forced  to  flee  them,  although  they  skulked  for  fear. 

11.  Two  logs  there  were  behind  them  that  close  together  lay, 
Wilhoiit  being  discovered,  they  could  not  get  away ; 
Therefore  our  valiant  English  they  travelled  in  a  row, 
And  at  a  handsome  distance  as  they  were  wont  to  go. 

12.  'Twas  ten  o'olock  in  the  morning  when  first  the  fight  begun, 
And  fiercely  did  continue  till  the  setting  of  the  sun, 
ExceptinjSf  that  the  Indians,  some  hours  before,  twas  night. 
Drew  off  into  the  bushes  and  ceased  a  while  to  fight. 

13.  But  soon  again  returned  in  fierce  and  furious  mood. 
Shouting  as  in  the  morning,  but  yet  not  hnli'so  lourl, 
For,  as  we  are  'nformed,  so  thick  and  fast  they  fell. 
Scarce  twenty  of  their  number,  at  night  did  get  home  well. 

14.  And  that  our  valiant  English,  till  midnight  there  did  stay. 
To  see  whether  the  rebels  would  have  another  fray ; 
But  they  no  more  returning,  they  made  off  towards  their  home, 
And  brought  away  their  wounded  as  far  as  they  could  come. 

15.  Of  all  our  valiant  English,  there  were  but  thirty-four. 
And  of  the  rebel  Indians,  there  were  about  four  score. 
And  sixteen  of  our  English  did  safely  home  return; 
The  rest  were  killed  and  wounded,  for  which  we  all  must  mourn. 

IG.  Our  worthy  Captain  Lo\^ewell  among  them  there  did  die  ; 

Tlicy  killed  Lieutenant  Rohhins,  and  wounded  good  young  Frye, 
Who  was  our  English  chaplain  ;  he  many  Indians  slew, 
And  some  of  them  he  scalped  when  bullets  round  him  flew. 

17  Young  Fiillam  too  I'll  mention,  because  he  fought  so  well ; 
Endeavoring  to  save  a  man,  a  sticrifice  he  fell. 
And  yet  our  valiant  Englishmen  in  fidit  were  ne'er  dismayed, 
But  still  they  kepi  their  motion,  and  IVyman  captain  made  ; 

18.  Who  shot  the  old  chief  Paugus,  which  did  the  foe  defeat, 
Then  set  his  men  in  order,  and  brought  olT  the  rcireal; 
A.id  braving  many  dangers  and  Imrdshiiis  in  the  way, 
They  safe  arrived  at  Dunstable,  the  thirteenth  day  of  May. 
13 


134 


ST.  FRANCIS  DESTROYED. 


(Book  III 


CIIAITKR  X. 

77ir  St.  Frnnris  hidiunit — RojTorH'  frpftlition  iiirninH  thtim — Pirii.ip — SAiini._ 
Arniild'M  rr/iidition — Nai'anis — Thr  iiwilira  I'mdlmrtitu — Ai  r  i  kon  — Nicn  s|_ 
Cai'iain  Fii\N(is — Sisi  1"  miinlirs  nil  F.nirli.n/imiiii — Sprrimni  nf  ihr  hnukuij 
luni,'inijrr. — Riiwi.r.t — liin  /irD/iliirii—Wiftu  vVii.i. — Killrd  Inj  llir  Miiliiiicliii~\,. 
8A(  \Mni  ir — Vi.iits  France  aiuL  in  kiuf(hud  hij  the  kiiijf — AUarlia  awl  hums  liar,,. 
lull — ills  driith. 


Towards  tho  cIomo  of  thn  Ia;it  ohnptor,  mnitior)  wns  niiulr?  of  i|„.  <,. 
Fraiici.s  liidiaiiH,  and,  as  tln)y  wen;,  n  ;mit  of  tlitMii,  tlio  ruinnunt  of  the  urn,. 
r«!H|i«'rtal»l<!  Aii(lroH('o;.'f5iiis,*  their  li'iHtory  will  hero  bo  rcBuirH-d.  \\^.  ii,,,^ 
ulrt'adj  rclatfd  Home  of  their  hurd.shi|).s  and  Mutroriiigs,  botli  in  PhiUtis  w^j 
and  lh(;  French  wars  aflerwardH,  wlieii  'hey  liad  to  rontend  wiili  tlir  „|,| 
experienced  chief,  Colonel  Church  ;  and  ahso  tiieir  scvoro  diuuHtcr  in  o|)|iiis|||. 
Love  aril. 

Atler  their  arrival  npon  the  Lake  St.  Fruncis,  from  which  their  villiij;c  [,4 
its  name,  tliey  were  under  the  influence  and  gnidance  of  French  cnl'siK- 
tics.  Their  villupe,  in  175.'),  consisn-d  of  alnrnt  40  wigwams  and  a  cliinv';, 
and  a  friar  resided  anion;,'  tiiem.  What  tinii;  the  An«iroscoj.'(,'ins  jiiiiinl  ||,.. 
St.  Francis  triiio  hu8  not  been  discovered  ;  but  whenever  war  existed  Iicuvcd 
France  and  Fin<|;land,  they  ^'enerally  iiad  some  ])articipation  in  it,  thr  In- 
qiient  occnrrenee  of  which  at  length  ended  in  their  utmost  total  deHtriiriid'i 
in  I7.">!». 

J{(l(»re  the  capture  of  Quebec,  in  that  year,  aiul  while  the  En^'lish  nnm 
luider  (icneral  ^Imherst  lay  at  Crown  Point,  an  (expedition  against  St.  riiin  ij 
was  o  lered  by  him;  being  so  "exasperated,"  says  (Colonel  lioirers,  ";it  t!i.> 
treatmt  lit  Capt.  Kennedij  had  received  froni  those  Indians,  to  whom  iic  |;;„] 
been  sent  w  ith  u  flag  of  truce,  and  proposals  of  peace,  who  had  In  1  n  !,v 
them  made  prisoner  with  his  jtarty,  that  he  determined  to  bestow  iipi  i:i.il. 
a  signal  cliasti.sement."  This  does  not  appear,  however,  to  be  all  iit  m 
charged  against  them, for  Major  Rotters  continues,  "They  had,  wiiiiin  iiiMmn 
knowledge,  (hiring  the  six  years  jmst,  killed  and  earned  away  imoit  lia 
(JOO  [)ersoiis."    Accordingly  Major  Hoppers  was  despatched  upon  tliis  rihr- 

I  (rise  with  142  efl'ective  men,  including  officers,  and  a  few  Indiims  (ilik 
*e(piawket  tribe,  under  Philip,  their  chief.  It  was  a  most  perilous  iiiKliiink- 
ing ;  near  300  miles  of  wild  country  to  be  passed,  lute  in  OctoiiiM'.  \l'i[ 
VViien  they  came  iii  sight  of  the  town,  towards  eveuiii",  on  tiie  5  Uitnlir. 
the  inhabitants  were  dancing  about  in  great  glee,  celebrating  a  wcil.liiii'. 
Half  an  hour  before  sunrise  the  next  morning,  the  Englisli  fill  siidiliiiv 
iijion  them,  in  three  divisions,  and  completely  surprisecl  thein,  killing  il*' 
Lillians,  and  captiu'iug  u  few  women  and  children.f  With  sucii  secncv  aiiJ 
})ri)niptitude  did  the  English  act  on  this  occasion,  says  our  author,  "tliat  ili» 
enemy  had  no  time  to  recover  themselves,  or  take  arms  in  tiieir  own  (Iclliice, 
until  they  were  mostly  destroyed."  Some  few  ran  down  to  the  river  n  is- 
cape  by  swimming  or  in  their  canoes,  but  were  pursued  and  drstnml, 
Tiieir  village,  except  three  houses,  was  burnt,  and  many  persons  in  it.  Hy 
seven  o'clock  the  butchery  was  ended,  and  a  retreat  was  ininiediati'l}  n'ln- 
menced.    'J'wo  Indian  boys  were  brought  away  prisoners,  one  of  wlioiii  hm 


"  '•  At  Si.  I''ran(,'iii3,  from  some  of  Zanghe'darankiac,  or  people  from  the  mouth  of  Ih'n  r"". 
I  Icnnioil,  iliiil  ilicy  call  il,  or  rallior  its  banks,  AmilcungaiUiqitoke,  or  banks  of  Ik  "'■' 
alioiuidin^-  ill  dried  meat."     Kendal's  Travels,  iii.  143. 

t  I  liilcly  r<M;eivc(l  a  letter  from  a  ^cnlluinan  who  subscribed  himself  ^'Joseph  Akt. 
Md'itii.  an  Indian  of  tlie  .St.  Frniicis  tribe,"  complaining  of  liie  inaccurate  acroiiiil  fivfii !,' 
Major  Rogers  of  the  destruction  of  lliat  tribe  ;  but  as  the  author  of  the  letter  dors  ncil  fM 
an  account  himself,  nor  direct  me  where  I  can  olilnin  one,  belter  thnn  I  havcuscd,  I  anion- 
Strained  to  reprint  mv  account  without  much  emendation.  'I'he  only  facts  wliirli  lonnsrte 
from  his  letter,  are,  that,  "  before  this  event  [Roa^ers's  Expedition]  look  place,  the  Si.  Fraiiou 
tribe  numbered  from  1800  to  2000  inhabitants  ;  but  since,  this  number  has  made  rapid  (ledint, 
aa<l  at  present  on  the  point  of  total  dissolution."    Letter,  dated  Vincennes,  Vt.  25  April,  i^ 


[e  the  Enjilisli  iirmy 
11  against  St.  VrM\  .< 
oiitl  Rollers,  ";it  i!' 
1118,  to  wlidMl  111'  l;:iJ 
e,  wlio  liiul  1"  III  !') 

to  biKtOW  \\\<'      lli'Il. 

;r,  to  1)0  all  i.iii!  »M 
y  liu(l,wiiliiii  Mijiiwn 
ietl  away  iimi'''  ilaii 
lied  upon  this  ri.M- 
I  f»!\v  Indians  "t'tlie 
)st  |it'ril<»us  umlcriiik- 
xte  in  Oc'tolicr,  lT"i''. 
.',  oil  the  5  Uriiili'r, 
Icbraliufr  a  wMm. 
•'.iijllisli  1(11  siiililiiiy 
m\  tliein,  kiHini-'  '^1*' 
^ith  hiifli  8f (•rccy  uiiJ 
our  author,  "tlitit  the 

in  their  own  ilt'l'i'in'f,  I 
vii  to  tho  river  to  is-  | 
irsufd  and  clestrini''i. 
ly  persons  in  i'-   1" 
mn  iininediatclj  ("in- 

i-s,  one  of  whom  was 


1 


»p.  X]       riHMP  OF  I'KiWOKKT— AKNOI.nS   KXl'I'dHTION. 


ir» 


,i,,il  .VWi.T.  'rin'  I'nL'liHh  roirirnander  sajn,  "  We  found  «i(K)  walpn  liang. 
i,f  iMion  iiohn  over  llie  doors  of  their  wijiwiuuf*." 

*\|ihoii<.'li  die  Kn^dinli  had  made  hiiiIi  hnvoe  ainori);  the  Indiann,  vet  n 
fvri'ii'iieil  eaianiitv  awaited  thrill  in  their  hoiiiewMrd  iiiareh.  'I'hev  had  hut 
„ii,.  .it"  their  nuiiiiiir  killed,  \\lio  uasan  Indian,  and  >i\  uoimded,  iliiriiitr  ihn 
„i;i..iiin',  I'lit  on  llieir  retnrii  many  «eri' IokI  in  the  wilderness,  ftarved  and 
•ni/iii  tmleath.  The  scenes  of  individual  sidl'iin.',  eoiild  they  Ik-  known, 
i,iiiilci  priihi'hiy  exceed  those  whieh  followed  /wxvKvV/'.t  tiiflit.  Ilaviii;.r  iiiis- 
'iliiM  the  I  |>|>er  (or  the  l,o«er  ( 'oos,  some  set  off  ity  |ioiiit  ot' eom|»iiss,  and 
i,ri' iieMr  heani  of  aOer,  and  the  eiii'iny  followed  and  cut  oil' others.  Kill 
/>/ii7J»,  lit  tlic  head  of  iiio  company,  inadu  f^ood  his  rrtreat  without  iorting  u 
iii'iii  ill  llie  way. 

|{  sill  H  this  expedition,  i?i  which  Philip  wnH  one  id'  "  Kojfcrw'  ranjierf*,''  ''" 
iva^  lit  the  eaptnie  of  Louishiiijrh,  un»fer  (Jeneral  ^linlHrsf,  and  wan  tlio 
tir«t  mail  tliiit  took  posHission  ol"  the  fortress.* 

Ill  tliP  winter  of  MTtl,  wlii-n  the  I'jiyflish  and  Freiudi  armies  had  trone  into 
filter  qiiarterH,  Colonel  Uofsers  wa.s  h  l>  in  coiiimand  ot"  Tort  lldward, 
aiiil  liiiil  several  severe  battles  with  the  French  and  Indians  in  wonting 
lAiulitioiis.  In  one  ol"  these,  li«  fell  in  with  a  superior  force  t(»  his  own, 
i,nr  riei>n<lero<ra,  and  lost  many  of  his  men,  in  killed  and  prismiers.  'I'liiM 
\s-Mi  I'll  ','1  .lannary.  The  chief,  Philip,  wa«  in  that  idliiir,  and  acted  as  ser- 
i'liiiii.  t'oneerniii";  this  chief,  it  is  liiither  said  that  he  was  hut  "  half  Indian," 
sii.l  liiat  in  tlio  revolution,  lie  joined  the  Americans,  Bayinj,' "  lit!  was  a  "hig 

liiiliaii." 

Miiitian  lins  boen  made  (d"  an  Indian  of  the  nam«  of  Skbatis  or  Sabatis. 
Tliiriwere  several  of  the  name,  an<l  doubtless  it  was  |)ecidiar  to  the  Abona- 
iinii-:  1111(1  liencfi  that  Snlmtis,  ea|>tiired  at  St.  Francis,  was  descended 
tmiii  an  Aheiaapfis  family,  who  ha*l  settled  there.  It  is  possible  also,  that 
1,1  niiiv  he  the  samo  who  al"terwar<ls  resided,  near  the  head  waters  ot"  tho 
Ki'imelM'ck,  with  a  brother  named  JVntaim,  who  is  broiiijjit  to  our  notice 
ill  the  aeeoiiiitst  of  (Jeneral  .'/rnoWa  expedition  tliroii!.'li  that  rejrioii  in  tho 
tiiil  III"  177.');  but  this  is  conjecture.  However,  what  is  known  of  tlieso  two 
linilliers  follows. 

"iiienil  .'/nioW  havinf»,  on  his  arrival  in  the  Kennebeck  Hiver,  ordered  a 
Miifill  liaiul  to  proceed  in  advance  of  tla;  army,  to  discover  and  mark  out  a 
route  l"or  it,  <;ave  strict  orders  that  JVatanis  should  l»o  eaplnred  or  killed.  Tins 
iriliT  liiid  been  given,  becaiiso  th«;  general  had  been  informed  that  he  had 
kill  tixed  there  by  tho  English  of  Canada,  aa  a  spy,  to  giv«!  information 
il'iiii  eiiPiny  shonid  a|)|)roach  in  that  direction.  But  this,  as  it  pr<<ved,  waH 
tiilie  iiirornmtion,  and  JValnnis  was  the  friend  of  the  Americans,  as  also  was 
liis  brother  iS'aftn/w,  who  lived  about  seven  miles  higher  uj)  the  river,  above 
tiim. 

Tlip  rnsidonco  of  JValnnis  was  a  lonesome  place,  u|ion  the  bank  of  the 

irivor:  liis  rnhin,  situated  in  the  centre  of  a  green,  the  border  of  which  was 

InniKJ  musket  shot  from  it,  was  a  discovery  whicli  added  to  th«  suspicions 

of  the  party,  who,  having  arrived  in  tin;  neigiiborbood,  4  October,  surrounded 

itat every  |)oint,  and  run  in  upon  it  with  great  eag«Tness;  expecting,  without 

doiiht,  to  have  taken  him  prisoner.     In  this  they  were  disa|»pointed,  l"or  it  ap- 

Ipinred  that  the  place   liad  been  deserted  a  week.     Near  by,  at  the  shore 

ot' tliR  river,  a    map    drawn   upon    birch    bark,    was    found    in    the    top 

cl' II  stake,  very  accurately    delineating  the  courses  of  the    rivers  towards 

jCiiiiMdii,  and  lines  denoting  jilaces  of  crossing  from  one  to  another.     This 

Igri'iitly  surprised  them,  but  they  [irofited  much  by  it.     Nothing  was  seen  of 

jam  Indians  during  t  le  excursion  of  the  exploring  party,  who,  after  about  22 

|days,  ill  which  they  suffered  every  thing  but  death,  rejoined  the  army. 

U  hen  the  army  had  arrived  within  the  bounds  of  Canada,  which  was  on 
jtlii' 4 November,  "we  for  the  first  time,"  says  Mr.  Hvnrif,  "had  tjie  pleasure 
lot  seeing  the  worthy  and  respectable  Lidian,  JVatanis,  and  his  brother,  Sabw 


'  Ri'irfrs'  Reminiscences,  Apj)cndix  to  new  odilion. 

t  Set'  that  of"  Judge  Jolm  J.  Henry,  S2,  to  M,  and  7-t,  &-C.    See  also  Sluillu's  Tables,  ii. 
IKJ,  aiid  Col.  Maine  Hist.  Soc.  i.  3L»4. 


?;, 


.1 


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'-'■ 

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;<-•    ''■'■'J^ra'J^ 

'•■■TT 

136 


NATANIS.-SABATIS.— PENOBSCOT  INDIANS.  [Book  Hi 


tis,  with  somo  others  of  their  tril)e."  J^atanis  went  to  eacli  of  the  cninimnips 
of  Hi)ies,  and  shook  them  i)j-  tlie  iiaiid,  as  thoiifrli  he  liad  hccn  Huiiiirlv 
acquainted  witii  them.  He  exphiined  liimself  l)y  telliiifj  iheni,  tliat  he  ||,.J] 
kept  close  to  them  all  th(!  time  they  were  makinjr  their  discovery  liivoiid  |;i. 
residence,  and  until  they  returned,  but  did  not  dure  to  niuke  *  liimji'ii' 
known,  for  tear  tliey  would  kill  him — a  wise  resolution. 

Natams  and  Sabatis,  with  17  others  of  their  tribe,  joined  the  nrim 
on  the  River  Chaudi(,'re,  and  mare'ied  with  it  to  Canada.  When  tlit>  MUaii 
on  Quebec  was  made,  ;}1  December,  1775,  JVatanis  was  wtnnuled  inii>lii,t 
through  the  wrist,  and  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  IJritisli  freneral,  Cwkk,] 
who  inunediately  sit  him  at  liberty.  These  were  the  first  Indians  eninlinid 
in  the  revolutionary  contest  by  the  Americans.* 

We  cannot  puss  over  the  momentous  undertaking  of  ^flrnold,  without  re 
questing  the  reader  to  notice  how  many  men  of  note  and  eminence  .survival 
its  ruins — General  Daniel  Mors;an  of  Virginia,  then  a  captain — Geiu  nil  Ikm 
Dearborn  of  Massachusetts,  of  like  rank — Timothy  Bigelow  of  Massacli>iM  ii>, 
a  major — Return  J,  Meigs,  futher  of  the  lute  postmaster-general,  of  the  i;m- 
rank — Samuel  Spring,  D.  D.  of  Newburyjmrt,  u  chai)hun — Jlaron  Jiurr  ot'.dCiv 
Jersey,  and  General  Benedict  ^moW  of  Connecticut.f  Numerous  other,  de. 
BevvG  equal  notice ;  but  it  is  not  our  ])rovince  to  eniunerate  tliei-i  here.  And 
from  this  digression  we  return  to  notice  another  chief  nearly  similar  in  raiuc 
to  the  last. 

At  the  treaty  of  Georgetown,  on  Arrowsik  Island,  lield  ])y  the  eaMirn 
tribes  with  the  English,  0  August,  1717,  Sabbadis,  as  his  name  was  then  writ. 
ten,  api)eared  for  the  Androscoggins.  Also  at  the  treaty  of  Casro,  (liiicl 
25  July,  1727,  we  find  among  the  signers  Sabatists  of  Arresagoiitaciiiik.: 
What  part  Sabatis  acted  in  the  tragedi(!s  from  1722  to  1725,  does  not  !i|i|ii;,r. 
In  the  History  of  Mai.\f.§  we  find  the  following  passage  concerning'  .Vii. 
batist,  as  he  is  there  called.  "  In  1730,  a  chaplain  was  allowed  at  Fort  Genrfie; 
and  it  was  in  this  place,  where  Sabbatist,  the  Anasagunticook  sagamore,  re- 
quested government  to  keep  some  supi)lies:  for,  said  he,  in  ^cold  wintm  ani 
deep  snows,  my  Indians,  unable  to  go  to  Fort  Richiitond,  sometimes  suffer.'' " 

We  now  pass  to  our  own  times  to  notice  some  modern  Indians  in  tlip 
state  of  Maine.  In  1810,  the  Penobscot  tribe  at  Old  Town,||  having  lost  its 
Bachem,  entered  upon  the  election  of  another.  It  was  some  iniiiths  i)efore 
they  could  agree  upon  a  successor,  although  it  is  their  custom  to  elect  aim 
relation  of  the  deceased.  At  length  party  spirit  liaving  run  uiirensoiiablv 
high,  their  jiriest,  who  is  a  Roman  Catholic,  interfered,  and  they  forsook  ilie 
rival  candidates,  and  elected  John  Mteon.  This  man,  it  is  said,  was  a  Ji- 
Bcendant  of  Uaron  de  Saint  Castiens.  The  induction  into  office  took  jilace 
19  September,  1816.  At  the  same  time  John  JVeptune  was  constituttii  liis 
lieutenant,  and  Captain  Francis  and  another  were  confirmed  as  chief 
captains. 

A  specimen  of  modern  oratory  among  these  Indians  is  given  by  Mr.  Wii- 
LiAMSoiv,  who  heard  it,  in  his  IIistory  ok  Mai.ne.  It  was  made  in  a  conn 
by  John  JVeptune,  in  extenuation  of  the;  murder  of  one  Knight,  l.j,  Peol  Susvf. 
The  case  was  nearly  as  l()llows :  In  thi'  evening  of  28  June,  181t!,  this  linliiui 
Wfis  intoxicated,  and  at  the  tavern  (f  said  Knight  at  IJangor,  (w!  ether  lie  kl 
prociu'ed  liquor  there  with  which  to  intoxicate  himself,  wc  are  nit  uit'oriiinl. 
and  being  noisy  and  turbulent.  Knight  enih'avored  to  expel  hiia  i'mn  hi- 
house.  Having  thrust  him  out  of  door,  he  endeavored  to  drive  i'ini  iwkx 
and  in  the  attempt  vvivs  stabbed,  and  immediately  died.  On  his  arres-'.  .Sn-iv 
acknowledged  his  guilt,  but  said  he  was  iu  liquor,  and  that  Knight  abiwJ 


*  Jii'.,,e  Henry,  In. 

t  /.'' M)(/,  oar  cuilhoriiy  before  mciitioiicfl,  was  a  private,  aged  but  IG,  who  ran  awav iror. 
his  father,  unci  joined  the  army  claiidcstiiicly ;  ho  died  in  IHIO,  aged  b'i.     Morgan  iK"  ■> 
1802,  a'l.  (i.'j ;  tharborn  in  IfSaj,  tpt.  78;  Meigs  in  1823;  ^priii^'m  18111,  (Et.73j  ylmcWal 
1801.  at  London,  lei.  (il ;  linn-  <y^-x\  in  New  York,  in  18.%. 

\  Coll.  N.  H.  Misl.  Soc.  ii,  211  2(iO.  ^   Williamson,  ii.  l.W. 

II  In  1811,  this  tril)e  consisted  of  but  til  families,  and  241  persons.    In  1820  there  were  i 
souls.     Tiieir  increase,  says  \)r.  Morse,  Appendix  to  Inoian  IlKPonT,  65,  is  owing  lo  a  I 
obligation  of  the  ciiiefs  imposed  upon  their  young  men  to  marry  early.  ' 


Ciup.  X] 

liiiii,  or  lie  h 
('ii.»liiic,  !»}■  I 
lii«  trial,  a 
slnu^hler.  S 
iiiiillier,  were 
niJKliioddy,  h 
.\tler  sent* 
thiiiL'  10  say  f 
m."  Sf-ptv 
eraiely  said,  i 

"  Yon  know 
nrji  much — -^e 
Tliii  makes  mi 
kilund  wicfxi 
time  iifTo  a  ven 
sureltj  he  shouli 
to  Iks  day.  C 
lilmilji  man  go^ 
dl— Peace  is  g 
Tlie  white  men 
fSir.—Ispem 

^Susup  was 

fiiniies  ior  kei 

wlii'ii  John  .Yep 

Inmi  I'as.sunintj 

liis  .Mircties  in  t 

t'a|itai;i  fVai 

niio,  according 

til.'  iiiliirmation 

wp  see  no  caiisi 

Ksiircd  Mr.  JFi 

Johns,  both  inc 

eaoli  tribe  is  yo 

tlioiijrli  the  oile 

tliose  upon  the  1 

wimtand  ail  th 

Die  >1liconquins,  ( 

Belbre  disinis 

specimen  of  the 

^    Metunk^senah, 

!  mw-el'j'-sch,  kea 
kmnh,  spum^-k( 
[  w,  ms'-cool,  at 
I  w4eunah,  num 
I  li-W-uh-lah-ke-n 

■      '■  He  aliuded  l{ 

[fa  whirhwascor 

J    An  hidjan  name( 

I  Ifcssi'd  liy  ilie  war  i 

I  S!ils  and  erected  a 

J '""I-   .\l  length  s( 

I  shot  linn  while  he  w 

I  Jndia,,  crawled  from 

J??"".v.ai)dheexpir 

IfaWioriosnIlymy 

p-e'lUKlconcfemncc 

t  The  Indians 
M7' *"'!/.  eag,,, 
■    y  renops,  rocks , 


S( 


,/« 


1 


SS.  [Book  HI, 


but  IG.who  rauawavlro. 
u,181'J,Del.73;  ^l™*^' 


OnP. 


X] 


AITTEON— NEPTUNE. 


137 


liiiii.  or  lie  had  not  done  it.  Bein<r  brought  to  trial  in  June  tlie  next  year  at 
Ca>tiMP,  l>y  a(ivi<'e  of  counsel,  lie  pleaded  not  guilty;  and  a<ler  a  day  sjjent  in 
Iji-  triiil,  a  verdict  was  rendered,  accordinj^  to  the  deti'nce  set  ii|),  mnn- 
^nushier.  Simip  liad  a  wife  and  several  children  ;  four  of  v/hom,  witii  their 
iimthir,  were  present,  as  were  nir.ny  other  Indians  from  St.  Jolins  and  Passa- 
[j,.,i|iio(|(iy,  hfsides  a  great  crowd  of  whites. 

\tler  sentence  was  declared,  Suatip  was  asked  by  the  court  if  lie  had  any 
tiiiiiirio  siiy  li)r  himself;  to  which  be  replied,  "John  Neptiwe  tvill  speak  for 
j^."  Neptune  rose  up,  and,  having  advanced  towards  the  judges,  delib- 
erately said,  in  English, 

« I'oii  know  your  people  do  my  Indians  great  deal  iirong.  Theif  abuse  them 
m  much— yes  they  murder  them  ;  then  they  loulk  right  off— nobody  touches  them. 
Tki  makes  my  heart  burn.  Hell,  then  my  Indians  say,  we  tvill  go  kill  your  very 
y  and  widxd  men,  JVo,  I teWcm  never  do  that  thing,  we  are  brothers.  Some 
Im  I'So  n  verij  bad  man  *  about  Boston,  shot  an  Indian  dead.  Your  people  said, 
svrtlijhe shoidd  die,  bid  it  was  not  so.  In  the  great  prison  house  he  eats  and  lives 
io  this  day-  Certainly  he  never  dies  for  killing  Iiulian.  My  brothers  say  let  that 
Uwii'j  mm  so  free — I'eol  Susup  <oo.  So  we  imsh.  Hope  fills  the  hearts  of  us 
uljJl'tace  i»  good.  These,  my  Indians,  love  it  well.  They  smile  under  its  shade. 
The  white  men  and  red  men  must  be  always  friends.  The  Great  Spirit  is  our 
fStr.—Ispeak  what  I  feel." 

^Smup  was  sentenced  to  another  year's  imprisonment,  and  require(Uo  find 
siiriiit'!^  tor  keeping  the  peace  two  years,  in  the  penal  sum  of  500  dollai-s  ; 
wliiii  John  .Yeptune,  Squire  Jo  Merry  JS/'epfune,  of  bis  own  tribe,  Cajit.  Solmond, 
I'miii  Passamatiuoddy,  and  Capt.  Jo  Tomer,  from  the  River  St.  Johns,  became 
hi:^  i^iircties  in  tiie  cognizance."  f 

{.'aptain  Francis,  the  first  ca])tain  of  the  tribe,  has  been  mentioned,  and 
wiio,  according  to  the  historian  of  Maine,  is  a  man  of  good  understanding.  If 
tlu'  inliirmation  he  has  given  concerning  the  eastern  Indians  l>e  correct, — and 
w  !ipe  no  cause  to  dordjt  it, — it  is  of  much  value,  and  no  less  interest.  He 
assured  Mr.  fViUiamson,  "  that  all  the  tribes  between  the  Saco  and  the  St. 
Johns,  both  inclusive,  are  brothers ;  that  the  eldest  lived  on  the  Saco ;  that 
each  tribe  is  younger  as  we  pass  eastward,  like  the  sons  of  the  same  father, 
tl](iiii;li  the  one  at  Passamaquoddy  I  is  the  youngest  of  all,  proceeding  from 
those  upon  the  River  St.  Johns  and  Penobscot.^  '  Mways^  he  affirms, '  /  could 
ukntand  all  these  brothers  venf  tvell  ivhen  they  speak  ;  bid  when  the  Mickmaks  or 
k  .ilscnquins,  or  Canada  Indians  talk,  I  cannot  tell  all  what  they  say.'' " 

More  dismissing  the  interesting  Tarratines,  it  may  be  proper  to  present  a 
specinien  of  their  language. 

.Wunk^senah,  ouwa^ne,  spum'^keag-aio,  kee^nuck  tle-we-seh,  keah^-dabeV-dockj 
mw-d'i'-sch,  keah^-olct-haiUta-mon-(t,  numah-zee,  m^se-tah''-mah,  fhah-lah-wee^- 
kmmh,  spam^-keag-aio,  me-lea^neh,  neo^nah,  ne-quem-pe-bem-gees'o^coque,  maje^- 
w,  sm^-cool,  arvon,  mus-see-aHos^see,  neo'^nah,  commont^en-esk-tock,  H-kah-lah- 
I  me-humh,  num-e-se-comele^ent,  tah-hah-la-we-u-keah-ma-che-ke^-cheek,  a-qne-he\ 
a-fit-uh-lah-ke-me-sah'^coque,    n^gah^ne,    numa-zee\    nea-nah,    neo^je,    saw'-got, 

' '•  He  aiiiided  to  one  LiverTHore,  who  had  received  sentence  of  death  for  killing  an  In- 
I  diaji  which  was  commuted  to  hard  labor  for  life  in  ihe  state's  prison."     Williamsmi. 

An  Indian  named  Crkvay,  a  Penobscot  of  the  tribe  of  St.  Francis,  to  avoid  being  dis- 
j  Iressi'd  liy  ihc  war  on  the  frontiers  of  Canada,  with  his  wife  wandered  down  into  Massachu- 
s?il\  and  creeled  a  wigwam  on  the  slioie  of  Spot  Pond,  in  the  town  of  Stoneham,  where  they 
liwi.  At  length  some  abominable  while  rutVians,  on  the  night  of  the  23  November,  1813, 
shoihim  while  he  was  asleep,  and  badly  woundcil  his  squaw.  Not  being  killed  outright,  this 
Indian  crawled  from  his  wigwam,  and  was  foil  ml  the  next  day  almost  lifeless  and  in  great 
asmiy,  and  he  expired  in  a  lew  days  after.  The  names  of  the  murderers  I  will  not  give,  for 
I  ablinr  to  sully  my  page  with  thfi!).  Four  were  guilty.  One  fled  from  in.ftire  two  were 
Ificil  mid  condemned  to  be  hanged.  December  i!5th,  following.  Report  of  the  Trii'l. 
I    t  Ihid. 

I    !  The  Indians  ssiA.Pascndum-oquon-keag.    Paspodum  meani  pollock ;  oquo  ,,  catch 'em 
jr'"'  "xwy :  eag,  laml  or  place. 
J  Peniips,  rocks  ;  keag,  &  place  of. 


i^m 


:^^*rl!^"« 


'^  mm 


,  i] 


138 


ROWLS.— BLIND- WILL. 


[Book  Hi. 


woo-saw^me,  keah-dabcld^-ock,  ego-mah,  keeloah\  noa^chee,  done-ahHe,  sazoos' 
neahHeta,  quoa^-que.*  "    ' 

In  speaking  of  tlie  New  Hampshire  sacliems,  it  was  not  intended  t||,.,t  .^^ 
conspicuous  u  cliief  as  Rowla  sliould  have  l)een  silently  j)asis(;(l  owr.  i,iii| 
therefore  we  will  give  him  a  place  here.  This  chief  has  of  late  yt-iiis  licion,,. 
noted,  from  the  circumstance  of  his  name's  heinj?  found  to  the  c(;kl)r,itii| 
fVhee! Wright  dvAid  of  IGQi).  That  deed,  it  may  l)e  proper  to  remark,  jjuiiionfd 
to  have  been  given  by  Paaaaconaway,  Runaamtt,  Wehanoicnowit,  ami  l{,„[ig 
The  tract  of  country  conveyed  was  included  between  the  Pascutmjim  iuni 
Merrimack  Rivers,  and  bounded  iidand  by  aline  from  "  Pawtuckft"  Fail. 
in  ti.'e  latter,  and  Newichawannok  in  the  former.  It  is  pretty  certain,  now 
that  these  sachems  gave  no  such  deed  at  the  time  specified. 

RowLs  was  sachem  of  the  Newichawannoks,  and  his  dwelling-pjaco  w^ 
upon  t'le  nortli  side  of  the  Pascataqua,  not  ftir  from  Qnampeagau  Fails,  in 
Berwick,  then  Kittery.  "In  1()43,  he  conveyed  the  lands  of  his  virjnitv  k, 
Humphrey  Chadhourn ;  and  others  afterwards,  to  Spencer ;  the  former  hv\},« 
the  ea'liest  Indian  deed  found  upon  our  records.  It  is  certain  that  all  ti," 
Indians  upon  the  river  to  its  mouth,  were  his  subjects,  though  ho  was  iimlir 
Passacoi  iaway."f  Mr.  Hubbard  \  says,  "  There  was  within  the  compass  olili,. 
seven  years  now  current,  [about  1(570,]  a  sagamore  about  Kittury,  vi[]h(\ 
Roula  01  Holies :  who  laying  very  sick,  and  bedrid,  (being  an  old  niaii,)  Im  ix. 

Sected  some  of  the  English,  that  seized  upon  his  land,  should  have  sliown 
im  that  civility,  as  to  have  given  him  a  visit  in  his  aged  infirmities  and  sirk- 
ness.  It  matters  not  much  whether  it  was  totally  neglected  or  iiot;t()lr 
sure  at  the  last,  he  sent  for  the  chiefs  of  the  town  and  desired  a  liivor  oCtJiem, 
viz.  that  though  he  might,  as  he  said,  challenge  [claim]  all  the  pluiitntinn  ili 
his  own,  where  they  dwelt,  that  ye*  they  would  please  to  sell  or  give  liim  a 
small  tract  of  land,  possibly  an  hundred  or  two  of  acres,  and  witliali  desired 
it  might  be  recorded  in  the  town  book,  as  a  public  act,  that  so  his  cliildrm, 
which  he  left  behind,  njight  not  be  turned  out,  like  vagabonds,  as  destitiiiedi 
an  habitation  amongst,  or  near  the  English,  adding  this  as  a  reason :  That  lie 
knew  there  would  shortly  i'all  out  a  war  between  the  Lidians  and  tlie  Eiifilisli, 
all  over  the  country,  and  that  the  Indians  at  the  first  should  prevail,  and  do 
much  mischief  to  the  English,  and  kill  many  of  them :  But  after  tlie  third 
year,  or  after  three  years,  all  the  Lidians  which  so  did,  should  be  rooted  oiii, 
and  utterly  destroyed."  This  account,  the  same  author  says,  "  is  repomd  In 
Maj.  Waldron,  Mr.  Joshua  Moody,  Capt.  Frost,  that  live  upon,  or  near  tlie 
place." 

A  chief  named  Blind-unll  was  successor  to  Rolls,  and  in  PMip's  war  son ed 
the  English.  Why  the  word  blind  was  pi'efixed  to  his  name  is  not  iiientinucd, 
but  probably  he  had  lost  an  eye. 

In  1677,  the  wretched  (sxpedient  was  resorted  to  by  the  whites,  of  einployin» 
the  Mohawks  against  the  Tarmtines,  and  two  messengers.  Majors  Pinckn 
and  Richards,  were  despatched  to  their  country.  They  were  kindly  recei\d 
by  them,  and  promiprd  their  assistance.  "  Accordingly  some  jmrtiis  ol' 
them  came  down  the  country,  about  the  middle  of  March,  and  the  tiw 
alarm  was  given  at  Auiuskeeg  Falls ;  where  the  son  of  Honolansd  luiii.' 
hunting,  discovered  15  Indians  on  the  other  side,  who  called  to  him  in  a  lan- 
guage which  he  did  not  Understand ;  upon  which  he  fled,  and  tiicy  find 
near  30  guns  at  him  without  effect.  Presently  after  this  they  were  discovi  red 
in  the  woods  near  Cochecho.  Major  Waldron  sent  out  eight  of  liis  liidiiiiiN 
whereof  iilind-wUl  was  one,  to  make  further  discovery.  They  were  all 
surprised  together  by  a  company  of  the  Mohawks ;  two  or  tliret!  esniiHil, 
the  others  were  either  killed  or  taken.  Will  was  dragged  away  hy  liis  liiiir; 
and  being  wounded,  perished  in  the  woods,  on  a  neck  of  land,  formed  in  tlie 
confluence  of  Cochecho  and  Ising-glass  Rivei-s,  which  still  bears  tiio  iiuiiie 
of  Blind-ioUPs  Neck."§    Such  were  the  exploits  of  the  allies  of  the  Engli'li 


*   Williams(m's  Maine,  i.  513. 
$  Belknap,  Hist.  N.  H.  i.  !23. 


t  WUliamson,  i.  4C0.  %  Indian  Wars,  ii  i\. 


Ch*p.  X.] 


ASSACAMIIUIT. 


139 


ni-'i 


ai  tliii*  time ;  nor  do  wc  find  tliiU  any  otliors  wore  pnrformcd  of  a  (lifFf'rcnt 
rhiimctcr.  Nolwithstainlin^',  tli<!  sjimiu  niiHeral)l(!  policy  was  talkcil  of  again 
iilmiit  iiiiif  years  uller  ;  l»iit  we  do  not  learn  that  it  was  carried  into  practice. 
It  wiw,  pcrliaps,  ut  the  time  of  which  we  have  becin  spcakinjr,  tiiat  the  i\ar- 
^tjiiisit  cliief  Pessacus  was  murdered,  as  has  been  mentioned.* 
'W'e  liii'l  ""'  thus  long  delayed  our  notice  of  oik!  of  tin;  most  renowned 
piijil's,  but  from  the  untoward  circumstance  of  haviuL'  mislaid  a  vahialile 
cuiiiiiiuiiication  (concerning  him.f  The  sachem  of  whom  we  lu-e  now  to 
Miiiik  was  known  among  tlu;  French  hy  the  name  of  JVcscamOioiiit,  but. 
aiiiiiii};  tlie  English  he  was  called 

AssACAMBUiT,!  and  JlssacomlniU.\  This  chief  was  as  iiiithfid  to  the 
|r  iicli  as  one  of  their  own  nation  ;  and  our  account  of  him  begins  in  1()!)(;, 
\\ hull,  with  Iberville  and  the  liimous  Montignif,  he  rendered  important  survicie 
jiiilic  reduction  of  the  English  Fort  St.  Johns, 'JO  Novendx'r,  of  that  year. 
IkiiiL' apprized  of  the  a])proach  of  the  Frtiuch  and  Indians,  tlm  J'iUglish  sent 
niiir<8  iiit'ii  to  oppose  them,  wiio,  on  the  28,  were  met  and  uttackcid  by  a  pai't 
of  fiea'i//«'s  army,  under  Monligny  nud  JVescnmbiouit,  mu\  deii-ated  with  the 
i,i<s  of  55  men.  On  tht;  night  before  St.  Johns  cajntulated,  Iberville,  with 
Xtscambioiiit  as  his  second,  at  th(!  head  of  '.iO  men,  made  a  sally  to  burn  one 
iiiirt  of  the  town,  while  D\Muus  nm]  jlfor  fi£|7i_?/,  with  (JO  others,  were  ordered 
ti  lire  it  at  another  point.     Both  parties  succeeded.  § 

III  !()!•!•,  he  is  noticed  for  some  cruelty,  which,  it  was  said,  he  inflicted  ujton 
adiilil,  named  Thomasin  Rouse,  He  having  ordered  it  to  carry  something  to 
\b  water  side,  it  cried ;  he  took  a  stick  and  struck  her  down,  and  she  lay 
tbriii'iul.  He  dicn  threw  her  into  the  water,  but  siie  was  saved  by  another 
Lillian.  She  was  an  English  captive,  and  was  soon  alver  restored.  This 
accoiiiit  was  handed  Dr.  Mather,  by  one  who  had  just  returned  from  Casco 
Bay, "here  he  had  been  to  hold  a  treaty  ^.■ith  the  Indians.  The  account 
closi's  in  these  words :  "This  Jissacomhuit  hath  killed  and  taken  this  war, 
!iii.'y  lull  nie,)  150  men,  women  and  children.     A  bloody  Devil."  |] 

ii  is  said  that  Mauxis,  Wanuns;onet,  and  Jlssacomlmit,  were  "  three  of  the 
ninst  valiant  and  puis.sant  sacli(!ins"  of  the  east.1I  Th(>ir  attack  uj)on  the  fort 
at  Casco,  in  August,  1708,  has  been  mentioned.**  In  1704,  some  of  the  Abe- 
iiaqiiis,  having  established  themselves  in  Newfoundland,  were  attacked  by  the 
Eii|!lisli,  and  some  of  them  killed.  Whereupon  they  a|)plicd  to  Governor 
Vmdnml  for  assistance  to  re\ie\  them,  and  he  sent  Montigny  with  a  few 
Canadians,  who  joined  themselves  with  about  .50  Abenaquis  under  JVescambi- 
oiii/.  anil  attacked  the  English  with  great  success.  They  pillaged  and  bin-nt 
cni'  tint,  and  took  many  j)risoners.  ff 

In  r/05,  M.  Subercase,  having  succeeded  M.  Brouillon  in  the  government 
of  Xcwtbundland,  endeavored  to  make  thorough  work  with  the  remaining 
EiiL'lisli  there.  Tiieir  success  was  nearly  complete,  and  here  again  JS/escam- 
iioui/ is  noticed  as  acting  a  consj)icuou8  part  Subercase^s  army  consisted  of 
40(1  iii(n,t|  in  all,  an('  they  set  out  from  I'lacentia  15  January,  uj)on  snow- 
slioi'!!,  with  '20  days'  jjrovisions.  They  suflTered  much  from  the  rigor  of  the 
wciitlicr,  and  did  not  fall  u])on  the  English  until  the  20,  which  was  at  a  i)iace 
caiiil  Rchoii.  They  next  took  Petit  Havre.  At  St.  Johns  they  found  some 
ffiiistaiiii',  where  the  English  now  had  two  forts,  which. were  supplied  with 
caiiiiiiii  and  mortars,  and,  after  losing  five  men  in  killed  and  wounded,  were 
oliliL'fil  to  raise  the  siege,  in  consecpience  of  want  of  powder ;  having  <!am- 
a^iil  uiueh  of  what  they  brought  with  them  in  wading  rivers.  They  next 
attacked  Fonillon  and  took  it.  §§     This  was  5  March.     Here  was  also  a  fort, 


li>\ 


WMm 


■  'If,;'  :4!.M'>'',*| 

,     .'      'M  \\i    bis 


*  Sec  B.  II.  p.  68.  note  §. 

\  Clmrlerflix,  ii.  193. 


t  From  Rev.  Mr.  Felt,  of  Hamilton.        \  Penhallow. 
II  Maenaiia,  vii.  95.  IT  Penttallow,  6. 

I'njrc  101.,  Ill,,  iii.  tt  Charlevoix,  ii.  29'1. 

)J  This  is  nrcording  to  Charlevoix,  hut  I'cnhalloiv  says  500,  aiul  Ansp»ch,(HhU  Newfound 
land,  la.)  iihotit  .500.     Charlevoix  is,  doubtless,  nearest  the  truth. 

yi'  ''•■  lionrfcfiU  lirlil'',  apnKt  quoi  Montionv,  qui  avail  anient  h  cette  c.rjMilion  son  Jid^U 
Pitsf  AMBi(iuiT./«?  ,lrc(irlit  (7"cc  les  siiiivaffrs,  el  line  partie  des  Canndiens,  peitr  idler  dii  cW 
if  I  nrhnnniere,  et  de  lionneviste,  avc  order  de  hrhler  et  de  dHruire  toule  le  rot'',  re  qti'il 
ii'cuhx  miiif  perdre  un  seid  homme,  tanl  la  terreur  ^loit  erande  parmi  les  Anslois.  N. 
France,  ii,  ;)00,  '  h  r  ^ 


140 


ASSACAMRUIT. 


[Book  in, 


into  wliicli  tlio  inlmbitants  at  first  retirnd,  and  endeavored  to  defend  themselves 
but  soon  snircndered  j)riHoiu;rs  of  war.*  ' 

Not  loiij;  after  tliesi!  services  JVescambioiiit  sailtnl  for  France,  and  in  ]70tj 
visited  liis  majesty,  King  Louis  XIV,  at  Versailles.  Hero,  among  otiier  ciui. 
nent  personages,  he  became  known  to  tlie  iiistorian  Chahlkvciv. f  '[\^^ 
king  having  |)reSented  him  an  elegant  sword,  he  is  reported  tf)  liave  said 
holding  np  liis  hand,  "This  hand  Juts  slain  one  hundred  andforti/ofyour  nuijes. 
tjfs  enemies  in  JVew  En!i;lnnd;"X  and  that  wheren|)on,  tlie  king  fortliwiiii 
knighted  him,  and  ordered  that  hencef -nh  a  pension  of  eight  livres  u  day  be 
allowed  him  for  life. 

JVf^cambioiiil  returned  to  America  in  1707,  and  the  next  year  nccornimnied 
Rouvillo  to  attack  Haverhill  in  Massachusetts.  The  FVench  had  iiitciidcda 
iniich  more  formidable  con(|uest,  and  had  engaged  bands  of  Indians  t'roiii 
lour  nations  to  cooperate  with  tlieni,  and  all  were  to  rendezvous  u\  Lj,|^p 
Nikisipique,  as  they  called  VVinnipesauke  or  Winnipisiogee.  But  nil  except 
the  Algonquinsand  Abenaqiiis under  JVescambioiiit,  having  failed  and  dcsiiiid 
them,  they  w(;re  on  the  point  of  abandoiung  their  enterprise  nltoirciiicr 
laving  made  known  their  situation  to  Governor  Vaudreuil,  and  n(|ii('sti'i| 
.lis  orders,  he  directed,  that  though  aU  the  Indians  deserted  them,  tiicy  should 
not  give  over  the  expedition.  Des  Chaillons  having  cormnimicated  tlijs  ini(|. 
ligence  to  the  Indians,  they  entreated  him  to  lead  them  forward,  an*',  said  tliev 
would  follow  him  wherever  he  chose  to  go. 

From  Nikisipique  they  marched,  at  last,  with  200  men,  fell  upon  Haer- 
liill,§  and  sacked  it.  The  attack  was  made,  sun  about  an  I'oin-  higli,  jy 
August,  1708.  The  contest  was  short  as  the  oppo  "ni  was  i"!ebie.  Vhe 
English  lost  about  100  persons  by  this  irruption,  40  or  50  of  wiicn;  were 
killed  at  Haverhill.  JVebcambioiiit,  in  this  aflair,  fought  by  the  side  of  ihe 
conuTiander-in-chief,  and  performed  prodigies  of  valor  with  the  sword  wliicli 
he  brought  from  France. 

Having  burned  the  fort  and  many  of  the  buildings  in  the  village,!  'Iifj 
began  to  retrace  their  steps,  with  precipitation.  The  English,  having  rallied, 
formed  an  ambush  in  the  edge  of  the  woods,  about  a  mile  and  a  hull' tioin 
th^  town,  attacked  them  vigorously,  killing  and  wounding  many  of  tiieiii.  In 
the  ambush  were  60  or  70  English,  who,  after  hanging  upon  tiieir  flanks  for 
near  an  hour,  retreatc'  In  this  last  affair  the  French  suffered  most  In 
both  encounters,  18  men  were  wounded,  three  Indians  and  five  Freuchnieii 
killed.  In  the  ambush  fell  Herlel  of  Chambly,  and  Vercheres,  both  officers  of 
experience  ;  and  the  renowned  Jlssacambuit.  as  though,  elsewhere,  like  .Mil- 
les,  invulnerable,  was  wounded  by  a  shot  in  the  foot.  This  last  attack  had 
the  happy  effect  of  innnediately  restoring  many  of  the  prisoners. 

J'rom  1708  to  1727,  we  bear  nothing  oi' Jissacambuit.  In  June  of  the  latter 
year,  his  death  is  recorded,  accompanied  with  a  short  account  of  him,  ma 
newspaper  of  that  time.  Mention  is  made,  among  other  things,  that,  like 
Hercules,  he  had  a  "famous  club"  which  he  always  carried  with  him, oo 
which  were  98  notches,  denoting  the  number  of  "English  "  he  had  killed; 
that  he  was  knighted  while  in  France,  the  insignia  of  which,  on  his  return 
home,  he  wore  upon  his  breast  in  large  letters.  In  this  newspaper  coiniim- 
nication  he  is  styled  "Old  £scawifri«7,"  " f'o'''ncrly  the  principal  saguiiiore of 
(the  now  dispersed)  tribe  of  the  Saco  or  Pigwacket  Indians."  He  piohahly 
went  to  reside  among  the  St  Francis  tribe  about  1700.  He  was  restless  when 
there  was  no  war,  and  our  account  says,  "  when  th(;re  was  something  nf  a 
prospect  of  jettled  peace,  about  30  years  ago,  [1700,]  he  marched  oti"  the 

»  Anspach,  124.  t  Hist.  Gon.  de  la  Nouv.  France,  ii.  VS). 

X  I'i'niudlnw,  40.  This  must  bo,  we  think,  a  e;real  misrepresentation  of  his  rml  >|«i'fk, 
as  suliscqucnl  clctuils  will  lead  one  to  suppose.     Perhaps  lie  niii^hl  liavc  sa\i\foit>j. 

§  "  Us  prirent  alors  le  parti  de  marcliei  contre  un  village  appelli'  Hawkkijii.,  f("«P''.*''(' 
vintcinq  <)  Irenle  imiisons  hit'n  halui,  avfc  nn  fort,  oil  loirenit  le  gouiieilieiir.  Ce  fort  atoil  iii» 
garrison  de  rrenle  snidats,  et  ii  y  en  aroit  an  moins  di.r  dans  chaqite  maison." 

II  Cliarleroi.r  sftvs,  "  Toittes  les  vutisons  se  defendireul  aiissi  tri's-bien,  et  eitrait  le  mlii 
sort.  H'y  eut  environ  cent  Anirlois  de  tws  dans  res  diJI'ereiUes  altaques ;  plusieurs  autrf^,'!"* 
cUtendireiit  trap  tard  ti  sortir  (bi  fort  et  des  maisons,  y  turei\l  bri'lles."  None  of  ihe  Kngliii 
accounts  mention  this,  and  it  was  doubtless  supposition,  without  Ibuudalion  ui  fact. 


n  the  village,!  tliey 
frlisli,  haviiijf  ralliei 
iiile  and  a  Imlf  liom 
s  many  ol'tlieiii.  In 
ipon  tiieir  flunks  for 
1  suffiTed  iiiosu  lu 
md  five  Freiiclinieii 
teres,  botli  officers  of 
dsewliens  like  Achil 
This  last  attack  had 
irisoners. 

In  June  of  the  latter 

account  ofhiin,  ina 

her  thiiifrs,  that,  like 

;arri('d  with  him,  on 

ish"  he  had  killed ; 

which,  on  his  retiira 

nowsj)a|)or  couiiiiu- 

•incipal  sagaiiKne  of 

ians,"    lie  prohably 

He  was  retitlesswhen 

was  sonietliiiia  of  a 

he  inarched  oil"  llie 


^^I.]  DESTUUCTION  OF  DKCKFIEI^n.  141 

iiiiiul  as  a  disbanded  officer,  left  liis  brethren  and  travelled  towards  the  Mis- 
'    •  iii,  where  lie  was  constantly  eii','af;ed  in  wars,  and  never  heard  of  till 
ist  tiill  he  returned  to  tliosa  [eastern]  par's."     This  was  probably  the 


iiiiit  aiiioMf?  the  Enf?lisli  of  New  Enjfland ;  but  in  truth  lie  was  with  the 

iLich  in  Canada,  as  we  have  seen.     Had  Pknuai-low  published  his  Lndia.n 

Wars  one  year  later,  he  would  not,  probably,  have  closed  his  viccount  as  he 

lid  concerning  him.    He  says  that,  at  hi*'  return  from  France,  he  was  so 

viilied  that  he  treated  bis  countrymen  in  the  most  haughty  and  arrogant 

'  iipr^  "iiuirdering  one  and  stabbing  another,  which  so  exasperated  tliose 
ti'tlieir  relations,  that  they  sought  revenge,  and  would  liave  instantly  exe- 
cuted it,  but  that  lie  fled  his  country,  aiid  never  returned  after." 

CHAPTER  XL 

Dtstruction  of  Deerficld,  and  captirity  of  Reverend  John  Williams  and  famihj, 

in  1704. 

Sometimes  in  a  volume,  and  sometimes  in  a  pamphlet,  the  narrative  of 
this  affair  had  often  been  given  to  the  world  previous  to  1774,  by  one  of  the 
|irimi|ml  actors  in  it,  whose  name  is  at  the  beginning  of  this  chapter,  and 
wliicli  is  doubtless  familiar  to  every  reader  of  New  England  legends.  The 
eilitidii  of  Mr.  Willinins's  work,  out  of  which  1  take  this,  was  jirepared  liy  the 
rt'iiowiicd  New  England  annalist,  the  Reverend  Thomas  Piince,  and  was  the 
oili,  printed  at  Boston  "  by  John  Boyle,  next  door  to  the  Three  Doves  in  IMarl- 
boroiigli  Street,  1774."    It  was  a  closely  printed  8vo.  pamjdilet  of  70  pages. 

It  \vill  be  necessary  to  relate  some  important  facts  of  liistorical  value 
bet'ore  proceeding  with  the  narrative.  As  at  several  other  timcp,  the  plan 
was  laid  early  in  1703,  in  Canada,  for  laying  waste  the  whole  English  fron- 
tier, l)iit  like  former  and  later  plans,  laid  in  that  region,  this  but  jmrtially 
fiicceeded.  Though  the  eastern  settlements  from  Ca^.-^'^  to  Wells  were 
destroyed,  and  130  people  killed  and  captivated,  the  summer  before,  yet  the 
towns  on  the  Connecticut  had  neglected  their  precautionaiy  liity.  And 
altlioiigh  Governor  Dudley  of  Massachusetts  had  but  little  while  belbre  been 
Dotitied  of  the  design  of  the  French,  yet  it  was  impossible  to  guartl  the 
eastern  coast  against  the  attack.  Deerfield  liad  been  palisaded  and  20 
soldiers  placed  in  it,  but  had  been  quartered  about  in  different  houses,  and, 
entirely  forgetting  their  duty  as  soldiers,  were  surprised  with  the  rest  of  the 
town.  The  snow  was  deep,  which  gave  the  enemy  an  easy  entrance  over 
ilie  jiickets.  The  French  were  commanded  by  Hertel  de  RouvUle,  but  the 
conmiaiiders  of  the  Indians  remain  unknown. 

.Mr.  Williams  thus  liegins  his  narrative :  "  On  Tuesday  the  29tli  of  Feb- 
niaiy,  1703-4,  not  long  before  break  of  day,  the  enemy  came  in  like  a  flood 
ii|ioii  ns ;  our  watch  being  unfaithful :  an  evil,  whose  awful  effects,  in  a  sur- 
prizal  of  our  fort,  should  besjieak  all  watchmen  to  avoid,  as  they  would  not 
liriiijr  the  charge  of  blood  upon  themselves.  They  ciuiie  to  my  house  in  the 
lieL'iiiiiing  of  the  onset,  and  by  their  violent  endeavors  to  break  open  doors 
and  windows,  with  axes  and  hatchets,  awakened  me  out  of  sleep  ;  on  which 
I  leaped  out  of  bed,  and  running  towards  the  door,  [terceived  the  enemy 
making  their  entrance  into  the  house.  I  called  to  awaken  two  soldiers  in 
tiic  cliainber ;  and  returning  toward  my  bedside  for  my  arms,  the  enemy 
iamiediately  brake  into  my  room,  I  judge  to  the  number  of  20,  with  ])ainted 
Ijtds,  and  hideous  acclamations.  I  reached  up  my  hands  to  the  bed-tester, 
lor  my  jjistol,  uttering  a  short  petition  to  God,  expecting  a  present  pas-sage 
tliruii!.'li  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  deatli."  "Taking  down  my  pistol,  I 
rocked  it,  and  |)Ut  it  to  the  breast  of  the  first  Indian  who  came  up  ;  but  my 
pistol  missing  fire,  I  was  seized  by  3  Indians  who  disarmed  me,  and  boimd 
i  iiie  naked,  as  I  was,  in  my  shirt,  and  so  I  stood  for  near  the  s|mce  of  an 
I  lioiir,"  Meanwhile  the  work  of  destruction  and  j)illag<!  was  carried  on  with 
great  fiu-y,    One  of  the  three  who  ca[)tured  Mr.  Williams  was  a  captuiu, 


■h  5l 


142 


DESTRUCTION  OF  DKF.liriELl). 


[Book  II), 


jijiaiiist  wliom,  s;iyrt  o\ir  cnittivt',  "tlic  jiidfrmciit  <»i'  <Jn<l  <IhI  not  lnnsr  .sliiiii|i,,p 
f<)r  lij  siiii-risiii<;  lie  rcccMvcd  a  iiiDrtal  shot  thiiii  my  nrxl  in'i<;lil)()i"s  Ikih^, - 
Tliis,  tlioiifili  not  a  garrisoii,  ami  contaiiiin^  hut  sovcn  imn,  \\itli>t(i(„|  ,|,,, 
I'flitrls  of  tJKi  ;U)0  FiTiicli  and  liidians  which  now  beset  them,  'rimi  l,,,,,^, 
remains  to  this  tiay,  l)earinfj  upon  its  front  <hior  the  marks  of  tiie  ii.itiliH 

Alter  alioiit  two  lionrs  tiie  «'nemy  took  up  their  march  iidin  tlit>  tdwi; 
linvinjr  ))linuiered  and  burnt  it,  and  put  47  iiersons  to  deatii,  inchulinK  tlmJ, 
killed  ill  makinj,'  tlefence.  Mrs.  U'illiams  iiavinff  lately  lain  in,  was  llcjii, 
which,  without  the  scene  nowactiiifj  belbre  her,  rendered  her  case  li(i|i(|i;, 
but  to  this  was  a«lde<l  the  most  sliockinfr  murders  in  her  preseiic-— m,, 
ol"  her  children  were  taken  to  the  door  and  killed,  also  u  black  woniaLiln. 
lou^in<;  to  the  family. 

"About  Sim  an  hour  hi<;li,"  continura  the  redeemed  ca|itive,  "we  wciv  ;i; 
carried  out  of  tiie  Jiouse  for  a  march,  ami  saw  many  of  the  houses  of  n. 
iiiijfbbors  in  flame.s,  perceivinjr  the  whole  I'ort,  one  house  e.\ce|it(Ml,  loli 
taken!"  "We  were  carried  over  the  river,  to  the  foot  of  the  nioiiiitaiii,  iilmi:: 
a  mile  from  my  house,  where  wi'  found  n  fjn'iit  number  of  our  cliiivi;  ] 
neighbors,  men,  women,  and  children,  to  the  niimlier  of  100;  iiini'tnii  m 
w  bom  were  afterward  murdered  by  the  way,  and  two  starved  to  dcatli  n,.,- 
Coos,  in  a  time  .>f  jrreat  scarcity,  or  famine,  the  savages  uiiderwoiit  ijun 
When  we  came  to  the  foot  of  our  nionntain,  they  took  away  our  slioes,  ,ii , 
pave  us  Indian  shoes,  to  pre|mre  us  for  our  journey."  Tlie  army  Iwidlii 
tlieir  packs  at  this  place,  and  while  they  were  fretting  reatly  to  decuiiiiMl;. 
few  Knirlish  that  bad  escaped  at  the  town,  and  a  few  from  llatfuld,  wjio  Imj 
been  iiotiHed  of  the  fate  of  Deertield  by  one  or  two,  who  had  escaju'd  iIkt', 
pursued,  and  in  a  meadow  lietween  the  town  and  the  main  liody,  met  a  |);!n\ 
of  the  enemy,  and  u  sharp  fight  ensued.  The  small  band  of  Kiiglislnmii 
did  not  retreat  until  the  main  l)ody  under  Houville  were  about  to  I'licirdi 
tliem,  and  then  tliey  left  nine  of  their  number  slain.  Such  was  the  sii(its> 
of  the  English  in  the  beginning  of  the  fight,  that,  fearing  a  defeat,  Ruudk 
Jiad  ordered  the  eaptiv»  s  to  l)e  put  to  death ;  but,  fbrtunutely,  the  boarur  of 
the  liital  message  was  killed  by  the  way. 

'J'hreo  hundred  miles  of  a  trackless  wildcrnes.?  was  now  to  lie  tinvcrsifi, 
and  that  too  at  a  season  of  all  others  the  most  to  be  (h'eaded ;  hoiifrhs  dI' 
trees  formed  the  beds  of  enceinte  women  and  little  children  for  40  davii, 
which  was  the  time  taken  for  the  journey.  Tht;  first  day's  journey  wiishut 
about  tour  miles,  and  although  one  oliild  was  killed,  in  general  the  cliildrfn 
were  treated  well ;  probal)ly,  the  historians  say,  that  by  delivering  then  at 
Canada,  the  Indians  would  receive  <i  valuable  ransom  for  them.    l\lr.  fl'iUkm 

!)roceeds :  "  (iod  made  the  heathen  so  to  pity  our  children,  that  tlioii^'li  tlipy 
lad  several  wounded  persons  of  their  own  to  carry  upon  their  sluMildirs, 
for  30  miles  l)eforc  they  came  to  the  river,  [the  Connecticut  .'JO  miles  i\\me 
Deerfield,]  yet  they  carried  our  children,  uncapable  of  travi  ling,  in  tlieii 
arms,  and  upon  their  shoiddiers." 

At  the  first  encampment  some  of  tlie  Indians  got  drunk  witli  liquor  tiny 
found  at  Deei*field,  and  in  their  rage  killed  3Ir.  ffllliams^s  iie;;ro  man,  iii:d 
caused  the  escai)e  of  a  Mr.  .llexander.  In  the  morning  ^Ir.  JVUIiams  \w 
ordered  l)efbre  the  commander-in-chief,  (he  considering  him  the  principal  of 
the  captives,)  and  ordered  to  inform  the  other  captives,  that  if  any  iiimi'si- 
tempted  to  escape,  the  rest  should  be  put  to  death.  In  the  second  day's  mariii 
occurred  the  death  of  Mrs.  ff'illiains,  the  affecting  account  of  which  we  wilhivi' 
nearly  in  the  language  of  her  husband.  At  the  ujiper  jmrt  of  DciMiiili! 
meadow  it  became  necessary  to  cross  Green  River.  The  Indian  iliat  r;i|- 
lured  Mr.  tf'ilUams  was  unwilling  that  be  should  speak  to  tlie  otiiercniitivis; 
but  on  the  morning  of  the  second  day,  that  Indian  captain  being  «|ii)(iinteil 
to  command  in  the  rear,  he  had  another  master  put  over  him,  who  not  niily 
allowed  him  to  speak  to  others,  but  to  walk  with  his  wifi;,  and  nssist  lier  aloii!;. 
This  was  their  last  meeting,  and  she  very  calmly  told  him  that  her  stroiiL'tli 
was  failing  fast,  and  that  he  would  soon  lose  her.     She  spoke  no  discoiira- 


*  See  Col.  limit's  Ant.  Rosc.ir.  wliioli.  wo  arc 
EiiglaiKJ  Lidiaii  wars  that  lias  yet  appeared. 


:!lad  to  oHscrv  0,  is  the  best  voluino  of  Ne* 


[BODK  111 

I  not  loiisr  slniiilii  r; 
iii'i«;lilnii's  Ikium." 
inrii,  witliMcioil  i|,,, 

tlu'lM.       'I'hllt  |i,,||„ 

ks  of  tlic  liiitcli.i. 
ell  iVdiu  tlif  tdwi), 
itli,  iiicliuliiiir  tli(K 
lain  ill,  wns  i'itI;  , 
I  licr  case  Iiii|h  I,,,. 
luT  iircsciic"— iMii 
a  blufk  woiiiHii  Ik  . 

ptivc,  " we  wiiv  : 
r  the  lioiiscs  iit'::\ 
use  cxft'iitcd,  111 '' 
tlio  inoiiiitiiiii,  iiliii' 

H'V    of  our   clll^'.,;,!. 

ol"  100;  iiiiictiTi,  111 

Iirvcd    to    (Iflllll  1;.  .; 

!H  uinU'rwciit  iliin 
awny  our  si  iocs, , a . 
The  nruiy  liiul  lifi 
'July  to  (IfCllllili,  il;. 
in  ilatlirld,  wliokil 
o  hiid  fS('a|U'(l  iliir ', 
\iu  body,  nii't  a  \\i.n\ 
l)aud  of  Kuglijiliiiii'ii 
re  about  to  I'licirrlf 
iirb  was  tlit'  siicio! 
■iiig  a  dcii'at,  Ruiaiilt 
iiately,  tlie  bearer  df 

low  to  be  trnversrd, 
(b-oaded ;  boujib  of 
bildrcn  ibr  40  dnvi!, 
ay's  joiiriipy  wnii  but 
general  tbe  cliildn-n 
dcliverins;  tin  :ii  at 

tbem.  IMr.  If'tlmi 
•en,  tbat  tliougli  tiicy 
poll  tlicir  slioiikiiTs, 

icut  ;iO  miles  alnw 
of  ti-avi'liiig,  ill  theii 

ink  with  liquor  linn 

lamx's  iw/ro  man.  su\ 

ig  "^Tr.   JVillims  wa* 

bim  the  primM|iul  oi' 

,  tiiat  if  any  iv.m  :.i- 

le  second  day's  inard: 

ofwbichwcwill«ivf 

per  jmrt  of  Deeitiili! 

Tlif  Indian  t!mt  c^'- 

to  the  other  <M|itivr5'. 

;aiii  being  mmiM^ 

r  bim,  wiio  not  (nilj 

0,  and  assist  iieraloii!.'. 

lim  tiiat  lier  stiTHirtli 

sjioke  no  discmini- 


is  the  best  volume  ol  Ne* 


CiuP.  XI] 


DF.STIll.UrriON  <1F  DKERFIEl.D. 


143 


ji,i,»  words,  or  romplained  of  tiie  bardness  of  her  lorinno.  Tiie  roinpany 
iiHiii  fame  to  a  halt,  and  iVIr.  ff'illiams\H  ohl  master  rcHiiiiied  bis  former 
stuiioii.  'I'l'l  <"'<b'red  bim  into  tb(!  van,  and  liis  wif(;  was  obliged  to  tiavid 
iiMiili'il-  'ri'«'y  '""'  ""^^  arrived  at  (Vreeii  Kiver,  as  W(!  have  related.  This 
ilivimssrd  ity  wading,  altboiigb  tiie  eiirreiit  was  very  rajtid,  (wliicli  was  tbe 
,.;,(,'<(■,  no  doubt,  of  its  not  being  frozen  over,)  and  about  two  li-et  in  depth. 
\ii,.r  passing  this  river,  they  liad  to  aseeiid  a  steep  iiioiintain.  "No sooner,"' 
j,.\<  Mr.  /'iV/iVim.?,  " bad  I  ov(!reoiii<!  the  ditlieiilty  of  tbat  ascent,  Itiit  I  was 
..'iiiiltlfd  til  sit  down,  and  lie  iinltiirtbened  of  my  pack.  I  sat  pitying  tlioso 
Hiiiiwfie  hcliind,  and  intreated  my  master  to  let  me  go  down  and  help  my 
f,i\y,  liiit  he  refused.  1  asked  each  of  tbe  prisoners,  as  tlu^y  passed  by  me, 
giti.i  Ikm,  and  beard,  that  passing  tlirougli  tla;  aliove  siud  river,  she  fell  tlowti 
;iii  1  was  iihiiiged  all  over  ill  tlie  water;  aller  wbicb  she  travtdled  not  fiir, 
i;,|.;ii  ijie  foot  of  tbat  moimtain,  tbe  ernel  and  bloodthirsty  savage  who  took 
i,  r slew  her  with  bis  hatcliet  utone  stroke."  Tlie  historians  liave  bdl  ns  no 
r.niiilor  the  characttT  of  this  lady,  but  from  the  account  letl  ns  by  her 
Li^kiml, she  was  u  most  amiable  companion.  She  was  tbe  only  daughter  of 
lli'v.niiil  Eleazer  Mather,  minister  of  Northampton,  by  bis  wife  Kstlicr, 
,|,,iiriiti'r  of  RevcriMid  John  fVarhum,  who  <'ame  from  Kngland  in  l(l;U). 

Till'  second  night  was  spent  at  an  encainpmitnt  in  the  nortli(>rly  part  of 
wliiil  is  now  Hernardstown,  and  in  the  course  of  the  preceding  day  a  young 
iMniiiiii  luid  child  were  killed  and  scalped.  At  this  camj)  a  council  was  held 
upun  the  propriety  of  jaitting  Mr.  IVUlutms  to  dcjath,  but  his  master  jnevailed 
on  tilt' rest  to  save  his  lite  ;  lor  the  reason,  no  doubt,  that  he  should  receive 
a idi  prifc  for  bis  ransom.  Tbe  fourth  day  brought  them  to  Connecticut 
Kivt  r,  about  HO  miles  above  PeerfiekL  Here  the  wounded,  <liil(lreii  and  bag- 
mrwire  put  into  a  kind  of  sleigh,  tind  pass;<l  with  facility  upon  the  rivt^r. 
Kvory  day  ended  the  suffering  and  captivity  of  one  or  more  of  the  prisoners. 
Till' case  of  a  young  woiiiiiii  named  Mttnj  Brooks,  was  one  to  excite  excess- 
ive pity,  and  it  is  believed,  that  bad  tin;  Indians  been  the  sob;  directors  of  tbe 
fsjiiivis,  such  ciises  could  hardly  have  oecurnul.  This  young  woman,  being 
t,'"'iiilc,  and  walking  upon  the  ice  in  the  rive  r,  ollen  ftdl  down  ii|)on  it, 
prulaliiy  with  a  burthen  upon  her;  which  caused  premature  labor  tiie  fol- 
luuiii|i  iii^'ht.  JJeiiig  now  unfitted  for  the  journey,  her  master  delibi  rattdy 
toll!  Iiir  she  iiiiist  be  jnit  to  death.  With  great  composure  she  got  liberty  of 
liiatofto  and  take  leave  of  her  miiuster.  Sr^be  told  bim  she  was  not  afraid  of 
(iatli,  and  after  some  consoling  conversation,  she  returned  and  was  executed  I 
TLis  was  Alarcdi  d. 

At  tiie  iiioiith  of  u  river  since  known  as  WiUiams's  Rivci ,  ujion  a  Sundtiy,  the 

captives  wen;  permitted  to  assemble  around  their  ministir,  and  be  fireticbed  a 

I  STiiion  to  tlieiii  from  Lam.  i.  IK    At  the  mouth  of  White  River  Rouville  divided 

i>ibire  into  several  parties,  and  they  took  different  routes  to  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Ina  ti'w  iiistjuices  the  captives  were  jiurcliascd  of  the  Indians,  by  the 

I  Frcmh,  and  the  others  were  at  the  ilifferent  lodges  of  the  Indians. 

l)uiin<r  his  captivity,  Mr.  IVUliams  visited  vm'ious  places  on  the  St.  Law- 

IrCiCf.    At  Montreal  be  was  liuniaiiely  treated  by  Governor    I'nudnuU.     In 

lii>  iiiiervievvs  with  the  French  Jesuits  be  uniformly  found  them  using  every 

iHidiavorto  convert  bim  and  others  to  their  religion.     However,  most  of  the 

ca;  lives  remained  steady  in  the  Protestant  liiitli.     And  in  170(i,  fifly-seven 

oiiJH'iu  were  by  a  flag-shij)  conveyed  to  Boston.     A  cf/nsiderable  number 

JMiiJiiiK'd  ill  Canada,  and  never  returned,  among  whom  was  Eunice  ff'iUiains, 

jdaiii;hter  of  the  minister.     She  became  a  firm  catholic,  married  uii  Indian, 

Iby  wlioiii  she  had  several  children,  and  spent  her  riays  in  a  wigwam.     She 

|vi>ited  Deertield  with  her  Indian  husband,  dressed  in  Indian  style,  and  was 

Ikiiidly  leeeived  by  her  friends.     All  attempts  to  ngaiii  her  were  ineffectual. 

Illi'verend  Ekazcr  ff'illianis,  late  a  missionary  to  tbe  Greeiibay  Indians,  is  a 

Idisniidaiit.    He  w.is  educated  by  the  fVi'iids  of  missions  in  N^ew  England. 

I"  die  History  of  Canada  by  C/u(r/«uoi,r,  the  incursions  undertaken  bv  the 

ynwh  and  Indians  arc  generally  niimitely  recorded  ;  but  this  against  l)(!er- 

fic  d  lie  lius  unaccountably  summed  up  in  a  dozen  lines  of  bis  work.     The 

[following  is  the  whole  passage : 

In  the  cud  of  uutunui,  1703,  the  English,  despairing  of  sccui-ing  the  In- 


■■'i'S.A''.' 


.'M." 


I    ,      .-,1      A-.t    ^V    'fi 


::.| 


>■■,' 


iu^lQ 

^il' 

y;l''fi|s|  w 

'' ■■'■'^pi 

PiiTIf' 

:4i'" 

^mw'i 

.;     t 

♦ 

r  -''rity^ 

' 

^'■•:!!;-  ^H 

^'•'■M 

Kfi 

■UilK 

i-v^jyi^y 

#V  jS'^'flyiH 

5i^;l^ 

*||^ 

144 


MONEY  OF  THE  INDIANS. 


[Booj  III 


diariH,  made  snvornl  exciirsioiiH  into  tlicir  country,  utul  ninssncrod  all  sii,<| 
tliey  could  surpriBO.     (Jpoii  tliiH,  the  cliielH  (Iciiiuiidod  aid  of'iM,  de.  /V/m/rn,"/' 
niKl  lie  sent  tlioni  diirin;^  the  winter  ^50  men  nnder  the  crunniiuKi  m  ,'1'' 
Sieiir  Ilertel  dc  Rouville,  u.  reformed  licuteiiunt,  who  took  the  iilncu  of  |, 
alriiaily  renowned  lather,  whose  af,'e  and  infirmitieH  prevented  Ins  umi, 
takinj;  such  fjreat  expeditions.     Four  others  of  his  children  acroiiihjiiiJ 
Houville,  wUo  \ii  their  toin- surprised  the  Knglish,  killed  many  of  then,  ni 
made  140  of  th»!m  |)risoners.     The  French  lost  hut  three  soldiers,  (uu)  jj,|j,, 
savages,  hut  ifouvi//e  was  himself  wounded.* 


9i00e 


CHAPTER  XIL 

Various  incidents  in  the  history  of  the  JVcio  England  Indians,  embracing  smml 
important  events,  with  a  sequel  to  some  privious  memoirs. 

He  felt  tiU  nr^'ii  lildoil  rrnoziii;;  r.i<it ; 

Ilu  ^Tjniiftd  liiH  Ihiw,  IiIh  I.iiico,  utul  Btoel; 
III'  wuK  (it  Wiuiip:ino:i;!'N  lu^t. 

'I'o  (lie  wcro  eiwy  —  not  to  yiiilil. 
Ilin  Kyus  wiTo  (ixuil  upon  tlit'  xky  \ 

Ilu  Kimpoil  MS  on  tliu  (ground  li»  fell ; 
None  lint  liix  lu»g  to  sou  him  die  — 

Nono  lint  IiIh  l'w»  IiIh  drath  tu  toll. 

The  performances  of  one  Cornelius,  "the  Dutchman,"  in  Philip's  wnr.^r' 
very  ohscuiely  noticed  in  the  histories  of  the  times,  none  of  tlifiu  !.'iviii!;i, 
even  his  surname;  and  we  have,  in  a  former  chapter,  given  the  (iiiKiiimr; 
what  has  before  heen  publishid.     I  am  now  able  to  add  coiic<-rniii;f  liiin.  ii;: 
his  name  was  Cornelius  Consert ;  that  the  last  time  he  went  out  itiiiiiiiM  1  - 
Indians,  he  served  about  six  weeks;  was  captain  of  the  lorlorn  Jio|i(i  ini,- 
Quabaog  expedition,  in  the  aiitunm  of  tlic  Hrst  year  of  Philip's  wiir;  iiiiirr  hi 
also  to  Groton  and  Chelmsfonl,  and  was  discharged  from  service,  "liin; 
ready  to  depart   the  country,"  October  13,  1075.    It  was  proliahly  in  i: 
Quabaog  expedition  that  he  connnitted  tiie  barbarous  exploit  u|)(iii" an  > 
Indian,"  the  account  of  which  has  been  given ;  it  was  doubtless  diirim;  ;w 
same  exjjedition,  which  ai)p(!ars  to  have  terminated  in  Septeinlicr,  iliiU  ■ 
brought  round  five  Indians  to  Boston,"  who,  being  cast  into  |)risnn,  wm  I 
afterwards  "delivered  to  Mr.  Samuel  Shrimpton,  to  be  nnder  his  (iniiloiij 
Noddle's  Island,"  subject  "to  the  order  of  tlie  council."    I  shall  here  \>&f>i',\ 
somi;  further  account  of  the  money  of  the  Indians. 

We  have  quoted  tlie  comical  account  of  the  iiionry  of  the  Indians  of  V,i 
England,  by  John  Josselyn,  and  will  now  (juote  the  graphic  and  seiisilu' mi' 
given  by  the  unfortunate  John  Lnwson,  in  his  account  of  Carolina,  dt' lit  I 
uiontiy  in  use  among  the  soiiihern  Indians.     "Their  money,"  he  says,  •is"; 
different  sorts,  but  all  made  of  shells,  which  are  found  on  the  const  iil'C.r- 
lina,  being  very  large  and  hard,  and  diliicnlt  to  cut.     Sonn;  Englisii  .<iii;':.| 
have  tried  to  drill  this  sort  of  shell  iiioney,  and  thereby  thongiit  toL'it,,i 
advantage,  but  it  proved  so  hard  that  nothing  could  be  gained ;"  and  .l/orli  I 
in  his  New  English  Canaan,  says  that,  although  some  of  the  Enfilisli  in  N«j 
England  have  tried  "  by  exam|)Ie  to  make  the  like,  yet  none  hath  eviratiaii' 
to  any  perfection  in  the  com|iosure  of  them,  so  but  that  the  salvairis  Iw  I 
foimd  a  great  difference  to  be  in  tlw  one  and  the  other;  and  have  known i> 
comiterfeit  Ixsads  from  those  of  their  own  making;  and  have,  and  dm' sliil' 
them."     Hence  the  conclusion  of  Josseh/n,  before  extracted,  iianitlv,  il ' 
"neither  Jew  nor  devil  could  counterfeit  the  money  of  the  Iiuliaiis."   )l: 
Lawson  continues:  "The  Indians  often  make,  of  the  same  kind  of  sliill*^- 
those  of  which  their  money  is  made,  a  sort  of  gorget,  which  they  wcarainKl 

*  Ilistoire  Gcucraic  dc  la  Nouv.  France,  ii.  290. 


[Book  III. 

lasHiicroil  all  mc\]u 
1(1  ofiM.  (If  I'muirmil, 
tlio  citiinuiiiul  (ii'tiii! 
aok  tlu!  plm't;  of  Im 
)rcvt;iit<'(l  lii!<  nmii.f. 
liildren  iifc()iii|iaiii,.,i 
(1  iiiuiiy  (if  tlifiii,  1111,1 
ce  Holdiers,  uml  somi; 


Hans,  emhracing  sntri 
IS  mtmoirs. 


1; 


an"  in  Philip's  war, ap 
none  of  tliciii  tiivin;  , 
■r,  given  tJH!  miiniiiitii' 
lid  conccniiii;;  him,  ife; 
he  vveni  out  iisninsl  i  ■■ 
the  forlorn  hope  in  i: 
I"  l'hilil)'s  war;  iiiinv  i! 

from  service,  "linii; 

was  i)rohiil)ly  in  !; 

lis  exploit  upon  "mi  i; 

aa  donhtU'SH  ilurins:  int 

in  Sopteinlier,  lliiifi- 

cast  into  prison,  wm  I 
)o  nnd«u-  iiis  i  iiiiil')}'.] 

,"     1  sliall  liereim>>io 

y  of  the  Indians  of  V« 
jrapiiic  and  seiisiiile  nii' 
unit  of  Carolina,  ef  H' 
money,"  he  says.-i-". 
iid  on  the  const  of  l''f - 
,  Some  English  ^iii;t:.- 
lenihy  thought  to  l-h-l 
he  gained;"  and  .^Wi 
c  of  the  Knglish  m  >•« 
none  hath  evir  atliuu"; 
that  the  salvages  lay 
,or;  and  have  known  lu 
and  have,  and  doe  M.\ 
(;xtrarted,  naiiiciv, 
.y  (,f  the  Indians.  .M'l 
rsainc  kindof  sl*ii| 
t,,\vhioh  they  wear  iiWi 


i 


'  I  '■; 


ii.  290. 


144 


MONKV  or  Tin:  Indians. 


[Rm>i  111. 


IR'ioi  111 


■      t     ■  .... 

i.s' 

«' 

ii 


J  ,•>*, 


■««■ 


■  f  :H, 


I'J".-"' 


ftl 


II 


-f't;. 


S^:, 


Ci«r.  XII.; 


tbeir  nerkfl 
ciDfravt'ii  u  c 
Tlitrt'  are  «( 
forilirt'o  (ir 
thtm  fu  roiu 
Imliaiit)  in  C 
Mi'xico,  id  tl 
TIiIk  in  tlint 
oiirri'tit  inoiK 
of  this  nurd 
skill.  To  III 
they  rould  j{i 
no  vulue  itpui 
olliere  will  Ui 
lilt'  jiieceM  of 
pijH',  or  lurfff 
one  is  to  be  t 
beads  ure.  / 
Hill  roarli  IW 

til  i|Ml'Stioll,  u 

H;iiii|Miiii-]ieai 
luice  thu  vuli 
iiianufuctiire. 
ii|wu  llicir  tlii, 
liii  n(  shell  to 
hIiIcIi  will  8CI 
liiijiiiiis,  with  < 
money  it)  to  u 
lii>  ir  CHpiives 
ciiastity.    Wit 
is  ill,  this  watr 
aiiil  virtuous,  tl 
Of  fhe  Nam 
noticed  before 
"clieiKb  couiic 
III  the  month 
Ixrn  sent  08  ni 
•Ni/ii.irret ;  aui 
lioiv  ii;i))licatc 
iiie  tif-'uinst  a 
"iiong  them  to 
2'ili  of  Septci 
'jfilie  streets, 
laiiicd  fVilliam 
fr'Mi  those  abo 
in  sucli  a  man. 
'  llie  prourd,  vc 
tlie  euvcrnor  a 
ilieiii  th,'  next 
''"•  evi(ience 
'■'"»•'.  in  Icuui 
'  siali  abuse,  an( 
I  sum  of  forty  g 
i  Corman  for  his 
I  "lit  to  understi 
1  tiiey  seriously  t 
'lurt  lour  times 
'"rty  shillings  [ 

'^  new  local 

|P'"inasiiuatl 

H  reflected  v_ 

f  ftiioo  at  tlie  bal 


c 


Cii«f 


XIII 


CORMAN— NANdNTENOO. 


145 


(j„.ir  ncrlu  in  a  strinfir;  so  it  liaiigH  on  tlirir  collar,  wliorrnn  Hoinrtiinon  jg 

eiiL'ruvt'ii  u  crosH,  or  hoiiic  odd  Nort  ot'li|{iin^  wliicii  conii'tt  next  in  tlittir  tiinry, 

fliiri'  arc  otiiitr  HortH  vulued  at  a  d<M>Hkin,  yut  tliu  (jorgotH  will  Hoint-tiMM'H  mdl 

fiirtlirifl  or  four  l)nckMkin8  roady  <lroHH(;(l.     Tlirru  ho  otlu'ro,  tiiat  iM^'ht  of 

tlitiii  K"  I'""'"'}'  '*"'  '^  (l<><'t*l<>i> ;  l>»t  tlx'  K<Mii>rai  and  nirrt'Ot  Hpi<<-i«>H  nf  all  tlin 

|ii(|miii«  ill  Carolina,  and  I  iM^lievo,  all  ovor  tlio  contiiuwit,  hh  tiir  aH  tlio  Imy  of 

Mixico,  is  that  wliicli  wo  call  Peak,  and  Honoak,  imt  I'euM  nioro  t'K|i«'<'ially. 

TliiH  \i  tlint  which  at  Now  York  they  call  H'ampiim,  and  have  iimuI  it  ad 

ciirrriit  iiioiioy  auion^Ht  thu  inhaliitantH  for  a  great  many  yearn.     Kivo  ruhiti) 

ol'tlli^)  uurchase  u  drcmud  doeHkin,  and  Noven  or  vight  buy  u  dn^Mst'd  liuck- 

jkiii.    To  niakn  thia  Peak  it  coHt  tho  EngliHh  tivo  or  ton  tinicH  uh  niiicli  an 

ilicv  rould  get  for  it,  wheroae  it  coHt  thu  liidianH  nolliing,  hrcaiim)  they  Hut 

nu  vuluo  upon  thuir  tinio,  and  thureforo  havo  no  competition  to  lear,  or  that 

otliim  will  take  ita  maniifacturu  out  of  thuir  liandH.     It  iH  niadu  hy  grinding 

till'  piuceH  of  Hhell  upon  atouo,  and  iaHniuller  than  thu  ttmall  end  of  a  tohacco- 

pi|)t',  or  large  wheat-straw.     Four  or  fivo  of  thoNu  mak<(  an  inch,  and  evory 

one  ij  tu  be  drilled  through  and  niadu  uh  smooth  an  ghiHri,  and  ho  Htnmg,  at) 

beads  urc.    A  cubit,  of  tho  Indian  nicamirc,  contairiH  aH  much  in  length  as 

mil  rntrli  from  the  ulltow  to  tho  end  of  the  little  fnigur.    'I'liuy  never  Htand 

tiM|iu-!<tion,  whether  it  Ih)  a  tall  man  or  u  nhort  one  that  ineaHiireH  it.     If  tliit) 

w;iiii|)iiin-])eak  bo  blaok  or  purple,  as  Homo  {lart  of  that  Hhell  Ih,  thun  it  is 

Kvice  the  value.    The  drilling  is  the  tnoHt  ditiicult  and  tedioiiH  part  of  tho 

nianufactiirc.    It  is  done  b^  sticking  a  nail  in  a  cane  or  reiul,  which  they  roll 

ii|kju  their  thighs  with  their  right  hand,  while  with  their  letl  they  apply  the 

hii  of  shell  to  the  iron  point.     But  CHoocially  in  making  tlieir  rommk,  tixir  of 

Hliicli  will  scarce  make  one  length  ot  wampum.     8uch  is  the  money  o.'  tho 

Iniiiiiiiij,  with  which  you  may  buy  all  they  have.     It  in  their  mammon,  (aH  our 

iiioiiiy  \a  to  us,)  that  entices  and  ncrsuadcs  them  to  do  any  thing,  part  with 

tlhir  cuptives  or  slaves,  and,  Hometim(vs,  even  their  wives'  and  daughters' 

cliastity.    With  it  they  buy  off  murderers;  and  whatever  u  man  can  do  that 

li  ill,  this  wampum  will  quit  hitn  of,  and  make  him,  in  their  opinion,  good 

and  virtuous,  though  never  so  black  before."     To  return  to  the  cliiefs, 

Oi'tlic  Narraganset  Indian  Corman  very  little  had  been  itxind  when  he  was 
noticed  before,  and  it  is  but  little  that  vvo  can  now  add  concerning  tho 
'•dicili'e  counceller"  of  the  "old  crafty  sachem"  of  Niantik.  It  appears  that 
III  ihe  month  of  September,  1675,  Corman  was  in  Hoston,  whither  he  had 
iM't'ii  !>eiit  ns  an  ambassador  by  the  NarragaiiHet  sachemH,  and  especially  by 
Ninii;ri't;  aud  although  Ninigrut  was  a  peace-maker,  and  had  not  been  any 
liow  ii;ipiicated  in  the  war  then  going  on,  yet,  such  was  tho  rage  of  the  |)opu- 
bif  ;i)ruinst  all  Indians,  that  it  was  not  deemed  safe  for  even  a  friend  fi'om 
among  theui  to  walk  alone  iu  tlie  streets  of  the  town.  On  the  evening  of  the 
2?tli  of  September,  as  Corman,  now  an  old  man,  was  walking  through  ono 
'j|  the  streets,  guarded  by  persons  on  each  side  of  hiui,  a  certain  miscreant, 
nhiiied  WiUiam  Smith,  ran  furiously  against  him,  and  thus  separating  him 
Iriii  those  about  him,  did,  by  another  motion,  strike  his  feet  from  under  him 
in  such  a  manner  that  his  head  and  shoulders  came  in  violent  contact  with 
till' ^rour  (I,  very  seriously  injuring  him.  Complaint  having  been  made  to 
llie  L'uvcrnor  and  rouncif,  they  had  both  Smith  and  Corman  brought  before 
itinu  th  i  next  da' ,  and  the  charge  against  the  former  being  established  by 
tlic  evic'ence  of  Mrs.  Sarah  Pickering,  who  saw  the  fiict  committed,  "the 
I'ciirt,  ill  I.caiing  of  the  case,  judged  it  meet  to  bear  due  testimony  against 
siidi  abuse,  and  sentence  tho  said  Smith  to  pay,  as  a  fine  to  the  country,  the 
™i  of  forty  shillings,  or  be  whipt  with  ten  stripes;  also  to  pay  the  said 
('wiTum  for  his  damage  the  sum  of  ten  shillings  in  money."  It  is  very  diffi- 
fiiltto  understand  the  grounds  of  the  decision  of  the  honorable  court,  unless 
tiny  M'riously  thought  that  the  ground  on  which  poor  old  Cormnn  fell  was 
.  liurt  lour  times  as  much  as  he  was!  If  tliis  was  not  its  reason,  why  should 
I  lurty  shillings  be  paid  to  the  country  and  only  ten  to  Corman  ? 

^i  new  local  and  other  histories  appear,  and  the  decaying  mantiscripts  are 
j  put  in  a  situation  and  condition  to  be  conveniently  consulted,  new  lights  are 
I  daily  reflected  on  the  dark  passages  of  our  history.  The  presence  ot'JS/anun- 
I'nux)  at  the  battle  of  Pawtucket,  or,  as  it  is  more  couunonly  called,  Peirse'a 
13 


y\ 


Mil?  m^ 


M 


146 


COLONEL  CHURCH.— INDIAN  LETTERS. 


[Book  Ilf. 


fight,  has  ])epn  niestionod  l)y  a  very  c.xrellent  local  historian,  Mr.  Bliss  in 
his  history  of  lU'iohoth,  hut,  as  1  apprehciKl,  fi-oni  a  misoonstruction  ot'„|m„ 
passages  in  Hiihlmrd's  Narrative,  especiallv  Ironi  that  jjassago  whdv  Jt  ;. 
said  that  iXaiiuntciioo,  nlicii  surprised  hy  Deiiisoii's  men,  "was  (iiv(itisii|,r 
himself  with  the  recital  of  Captain  Pcirse's  slaughter,  surprised  hy  hjs  mij,^ 
few  (lays  before."  It  is  true  tliat  this  sentence  will  admit  of  two  construe. 
tions,  either  that  the  chief  was  diverting  himself  by  n  .  ounting  to  his  hiom 
his  jiarticular  acts  in  that  tragedy,  or  by  u  general  account  of  its  proirn  .<s,  or 
that  they  were  diverting  him;  the  lorni""-  would  be  by  no  means  iiiiproljuiili. 
especially  if  some  of  those  about  him  had  not  been  in  the  action,  whi,),' 
would  "ot  be  at  all  strange,  as  ntunbers  of  them  were,  doubtless,  stnillinf 
'ipou  hunting  and  other  expediticiis  when  the  battle  was  Ibiigh:.  T||,"t 
Nanuntenoo  did  not  leave  the  Connecticut  River  until  the  "first  wtek  in 
April"  cannot  be  true,  nor  by  that  loosely  stated  date  does  Iluhlmrd  nil r to 
his  leaving  the  Connecticut,  but  t.)  "anout  the  time"  of  his  capture.  It  |;e 
refers  to  the  time  of  his  leaving  the  river,  he  refers  to  his  men  also,  wIki.  |„i 
says,  did  not  leave  until  after  he  did;  » 'it  it  was  his  men  that  defeated  I'dr.p 
These  are  all  the  lights  we  are  able  to  throw  on  that  great  event,  iiiui  iiiu^t 
here  leave  it  in  the  same  doubt  we  found  it,  and  which  is  ever,  most  liki  lv, 
to  shroud  it. 

It  would  bo  highly  gratifying  to  be  able  to  give  sketches  of  some  of  tlic 
prominent  English  captains,  or  others,  who  were  conspicuous  in  liiilian 
history,  but  our  design  and  limits  both  preclude  such  digressions,  and  we 
cannot  Indulge  in  but  a  few.  in  a  recent  ramble  in  the  Hill  buryinL'-i'imnnl, 
in  Middleborough,  I  discovered  the  grave  of  a  Lieutenant  NathunielSomli- 
worth,  ui)on  the  head-stone  of  which  it  is  inscribed  that  he  died  jjiiiiiarv 
14,  171  J,  in  his  (J2d  year;  he  was  therefore  about  28  in  the  time  of  Piiiliiu 
war,  aid  is,  very  probably,  the  same  who  distinguished  himself  on  luiiiv 
occasions  under  Captain  Church.  He  lies  airiong  a  group  of  graves  i.;  Iii; 
family  onnections.  We  did  not  intentionally  omit  to  notice  the  death  oi  ii. 
commatider  in  another  chapter.  Colonel  Church  died  on  the  17  of  Jiiiin.i  •, 
1718,  in  the  78th  year  of  ids  age,  ind  lies  buried  at  Compton  in  .Mo* 
chusetts.  He  was  born  at  Plymouth  in  1  ().'$!>,  and  not  long  alter  renimtdiii 
Duxbury  with  his  father.*  He  was  a  housewright  by  trade,  as  were  histiiilur 
and  one  or  two  c f  his  brothers.  How  many  he  had  I  am  not  sure,  l)iit  Culili 
and  Joseph  arc  mentioned,  and  a  sister  who  married  an  Irish,  and  Imd  m 
Compton.  In  1(574  he  bought  land  of  the  government  and  rcinoMvl  to 
Sogkonate,  the  then  Indian  name  of  the  tract  of  country  since  Cniii|itiiii. 
Here  he  was  prosperously  making  a  farm  when  Philip's  war  broke  oiii.  mul 
was  obliged  to  quit  his  improvements.  Possessing  a  remarkably  active  iniiil, 
vigorous  body,  and  glowing  i)atriotisni,  he  was  not  long  an  idle  s;|)ectiit(inii' 
the  war,  engaging  in  it  without  reward  as  a  vohmteer;  and  our  iircvimii 
pages  have  shown  that  he  raised  himself  to  the  chief  military  place  in  tk 
country,  and  several  civil  offices  of  honor.  After  Philip's  war  Colonel  I'liurcli 
resided  fit  Bristol,  then  at  Fall  River,  and,  lastly,  again  at  Sogkonutc;  in  wli 
of  which  places  he  left  a  good  estate.  In  his  latter  years  he  had  litcdiiio 
very  corpulent,  and  burdensome  to  himself.  The  morning  before  his  (hili 
he  visited  his  sister,  Mrs  Irish,  about  two  miles  from  his  residence,  on  liorso- 
back;  re.  u-nin<f  home,  his  horse  stumbled,  and  threw  him  with  siicii  Inrco 
ypon  tl.  rroimd  that  a  blood-vessel  was  broken,  and  he  died  in  ahoiit  li 
hours  after.  He  married  IMrs.  Alico  Southworth,  l)y  whom  he  had  five  sons 
and  one  daughter.  One  of  his  sons,  Thonias,  piddished  "The  Entertaiiiiii.; 
History  of  Philip's  War,"  which  has  been  published  in  4to.,  8vo.,  ]2nio.,aiiil 
is  authority  in  all  matters  where  Church  was  himself  concerned. 

We  have  next  to  recur  to  the  subject  of  the  Indian  htters,  i)cn(1ini: lli' 
redemption  of  IMrs.  Uowlandson.  Those  given  in  the  tiiird  chapter  of  iln? 
book  were  copied  fiom  a  transcript  iiia<l(!  at  the  time  they  were  received  liinn 
the  Indiau.s.,  but  a  recmrence  to  the  originals  has  supplied  the  followii;! 
additions.  JVepnnet,  when  sent  out  on  the  8  Aj)ril,  IG7(),  as  noted  on  pap; 
90,  had  with  him  the  fiillowing  letter  from  Governor  Levcrett: 


*  His  biographers  have  said  that  he  was  born  at  Duxhury ;  but  Judge  Davis  infdrnH'il  iM 
tlial  lie  was  buru  ut  riyiiiuudi,  and  that  some  records  he  had  scca  there  were  his  auiiiuiiiy. 


ERS. 


[Book  III. 


Iiistorian,  Mr.  Bliss,  in 
lisconstnictioii  of'snine 
it  ))assuu;o  win  ic  it  j^ 
inen,  "was  divcitisuff 
surprised  by  liis  m,.,!  I 
idiuit  of  two  construe. 
rcrountiiig  to  his  mpu 
omit  of  its  profin  xs,  or 
'  no  nifiins  iiii]iroi);ilili., 
I  in  the  uption,  whu-i 
ere,  doubtiei^.^,  stnillinj 
tie  was  fought.  'Unit 
itil  the  "  tirst  \veoi<  in 
!  does  Hubbard  relirto 
of  his  capture.  If  l,e 
I  his  men  also,  wlm.  ji,; 
en  that  defeated  INir-o, 
t  great  event,  nnd  imnct 
icii  is  ever,  most  iiJMly, 

ketches  of  sonic  of  ilic 
conspicuous  in  ludiiui 
icli  digressions,  iind  we 
he  Hill  buryin^r-i'iuiiiiil. 
enaiit  Natlianicl  SimiiIi- 
(1  that  he  died  Jainiiiry 
in  the  time  of  j'liili|i'> 
ished  himself  on  miiiy 
group  of  groves  i.l  Ins 
3  notice  the  detitli  m  I  - 
jd  on  the  17  of  Jiiini. ;, 
at  Cotnpton  in  Ahissi- 
ot  long  at\er  reiiiovi  il  tn 
•  trade,  as  were  liis  f;ii!ii  r 
I  am  not  sure,  i)ui  CuMi 
d  an  Irish,  and  li\nl  iii 
intent  and  rciiioMii  to 
country  since  Coiii|itiin. 
ilip's  war  broke  out,  iml 
.  remarkably  active  iiiiiiil. 
long  an  idle  sjtectiito, nf 
iiteer;  and  our  \m\\»y.i 
ief  military  place  in  the 
p's  war  Colonel  Clmnii 
in  at  Sogkoiiate;  itit'iirli 
er  years  be  bad  lici'dine 
lorning  before  his  dinlli 
.  his  residence,  on  hmt- 
ew  him  with  such  f»rce 
and  lie  died  in  ahoiit  li 

whom  he  iind  ftve  mi 
,she(l  "The  Entcrtiiinin.' 
1  in  4to.,  8vo.,  12ino.,  and 
f  concerned, 
dial!  btters,  ppmlinstli' 
tlie  third  chapter  ol  ite 
'  tliev  were  received  InMii 

supplied  the  foilowii!? 

1()7(),  as  noted  on  pagt 

Leverett: 


y 


CHAP.  XII.l 


INDIAN   LETTERS  —  MADOKAWANDO. 


147 


bm  Judge  Davis  mhmdnt 
oca  there  were  his  auilwiiiy. 


.  ror  the  Indian  Sagamores  and  people  that  are  in  icarre  against  lis.  —  Intelli- 
wiice  {>*  come  to  us  that  you  have,  some  Englisii,  especially  women  and 
ciiildieii,  ill  captivity  among  you.  VVc  have  tlierofbre  sent  the  messenger 
otiirinir  to  redeem  them,  eitlier  for  payment  in  goods  or  wainpom,  or  by 
fV(liail"e  of  prisoners.  We  desire  your  answer  by  this  our  messenger,  what 
,irioe  voii  demand  for  every  man,  woman,  and  child,  or  if  you  will  exchange 
lijr  liiliiiiiis-  I^  >'""  iiVLve  any  among  you  tliat  can  write  your  answer  to  this 
uiir  message,  we  desire  it  in  writing;  and  to  that  end  have  sent  paper,  pen, 
and  iiickc  by  the  messenger.  If  you  h;tt  our  messenger  have  free  accesse  to 
,uii,  lieedoine  of  a  safe  returne,  wee  are  willing  to  doe  the  like  by  any  mes- 
seiisiei"  o'  yours,  provided  he  come  unarmed,  and  carry  a  white  Hag  upon  a 
stiilii',  \isii»le  to  be  scene,  which  we  tuke,  as  a  flagge  of  truce,  and  is  used  by 
fiulizcd  nations  in  time  of  warre,  when  any  messengers  are  sent  in  a  way 
of  treaty,  wliich  we  have  done  by  our  messenger.  In  testimony  vvliereof  I 
have  set  to  my  hand  and  seal. 

John  Leverett,  Gov^r. 

Boston,  31  March,  1G7G.    Passed  by  the  counc'l. 

Edward  Rawson,  Secretary." 

The  answer  returned  to  this  letter  is  that  printed  on  page  90,  which  does 
lint  dirter  essentially  from  the  original;  and  the  English  at  Boston  imme- 
iliiitelv  complied  vviili  the  re<|jest  of  the  Indians,  by  sending  two  messengera 
to  renew  the  negitiation.  liy  these  messengers  an  answer  was  returned, 
writtiii  by  James  the  Printer,  as  Ibllovvs : 

*  For  the  Governor  and  Council  at  Boston:  —  The  Indians,  Tom  JVepenomp 
and  Pder  Tntaliqun-a,  hath  brought  us  letter  from  you  about  the  English 
(•,i|)tiv"s,  especially  for  Mrs.  Rolanson.  The  answer  is,  I  am  sorrow  that  I 
have  don  much  wrong  to  you :  and  yet,  I  say,  the  fault  is  lay  upon  you ;  for 
nlieii  we  begun  to  quarrell  at  first  with  Pliniouth  men,  I  did  not  think  that 
voii should  have  so  much  trouble  as  now  is:  therefore  I  am  willing  to  heare 
your  desire  about  the  capt  s.  Therefore  we  <lesire  you  to  sent  Mr.  Rolon- 
soMiind  goodman  Kettle  (i'  .  their  wives)  and  these  Indians,  Tom  and  Peter, 
to  redeeine  their  wives:  They  shall  come  and  go  very  safely :  Whereupon, 
ivee  iisk  Mrs.  Rolonson,  how  much  your  iiusbaiid  willing  to  give  for  you .' 
!<liee  give  m  answer,  '20  pound  in  goods :  but  John  Kettel's  wife  could  uot 
lei.   And  tiie  rest,  captives,  may  lie  spoken  of  hereafter." 

Wh^n  this  letter  was  taken  to  Boston,  the  governor  immediately  desppiched 
aiKither.  "  To  the  In  Han  Sachems  about  IVachuset.  —  We  received  yoi','  letter 
liy  Tom  and  Peter,  which  doth  not  answer  ours  to  you ;  neither  ia  it  sub- 
jcrihed  by  the  sachems;  nor  hath  it  any  date,  which  we  know  your  scribe, 
kmtn  Printer,  doth  well  understand  should  he.  We  have  sent  the  said  Tom 
and  Pfler  ngaiiie  to  you,  ex|)ectiiig  you  will,  speedily,  by  them,  give  us  a  plaine 
and  direct  answer  to  our  last  ht'icr,  and  if  you  have  any  thing  more  to  pro- 
poiiiid  to  us,  wee  desire  to  litive  it  from  you  under  your  hands,  by  these  our 
nicsse  iirers,  and  you  shall  have  a  speedy  answer.  Dated  at  Boston,  28  April, 
lii'ii."  Such  are  all  the  additions  we  are  able  to  make  to  that  memorable 
nesmiatiiiii,  which  was  one  of  the  immediate  causes  of  Philip's  reverses  and 
filial  nverthrow. 

Of  a  chief  so  prominent  as  Madokawando,  we  are  glad  to  be  able  at  any 
lime  to  extriid  our  tnemoir,  for,  in  our  opinion,  few  leaders  of  any  country 
a|i|i''ar  to  better  advantage.  Taking  nothing  but  what  his  enemies  liave  said 
of  him,  we  have  much  to  admire.  No  warrior  was  ever  more  humane  to 
[nsniicrs  than  Madokawando,  where  he  commanded  in  person.  He  entered 
iiitn  the  v.ar  jigiiiist  the  English  with  the  greatest  reluctance,  but  when  he 
hnii  (iiiee  "stepjied  in,"  they  found  him  no  comiirm  foe.  Repeated  depreda- 
tions rioin  the  whites  at  length  brought  him  into  the  fiidd ;  the  desolation  of 
^rk  followed;  its  inhabitants  were  nearly  all  killed  or  led  into  cajitivity,  the 
particulars  of  which  we  have  already  related.  Before  Wells  he  was  not  so 
siiecessfid,  but  for  that  fiiilure  he  is  not  accountalde,  as  the  expedition  against 
iiwas  under  the  direction  of  two  prominent  French  ofiicers.  His  prese"va- 
tion  and  liberation  of  Thomas  Cobbet  were  acts  of  pure  humanity. 


tii 


1j 


mm 


I 


.'»'  v'f  9  0)1 


148 


RIOXUS  TAKES   PEMMAQUID. 


[Book  III, 


Whether  the  expedition  aguiiist  Groton  was  under  the  immedinte  direction 
of  Mudoliawundo,  or  not,  we  ure  not  iiifoniiod,  but  it  was,  witiiout  doulit, 
executed  under  the  cotritnand  of  one  of  !.'i«i  chief  captains,  the  noted  Mozm 
or,  as  lie  was  sometimes  called,  Toints.  That  place  was  laid  waste  on  the 
27th  of  July,  H)y4;  22  people  were  killed,  and  13  led  into  captivity.  The 
scalps  of  the  unfortunate  slain  were  said  to  have  been  presented  to  Governor 
Froinitnac  by  Mndoknwando  himself! 

At  the  destruction  of  York  was  taken  the  family  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Bitmrntr 
and  our  authority  made  us  say  that  Mrs.  Dummer  died  in  captivity,  but  we 
are  now  assured,  by  other  testimony,*  that  she  lived  to  return  out  ot'c!i|)tivitv 
having  beei-  redeemed.  For  such  termination  of  a  wretched  fuie  she  wa'i 
no  doubt,  indebted  to  Madokawando. 

This  chief  seems  to  have  had  unlimited  control  over  the  country  upon  the 
Penobscot  River,  as  has  been  seen  from  what  we  have  already  before  statfd' 
judging  from  the  amount  of  property  paid  him,  from  time  to  time,  for  siimlr)' 
tracts  of  his  countiy.  Yet,  though  we  are  satisfied  that  the  inioimts  he 
received  were  large,  still  they  are  expressed  in  such  vague  terms  timtitii 
impossible  to  arrive  at  any  thing  like  a  tolerable  notion  of  their  extent,  due 
testifies  that,  for  a  certain  tract  of  land,  Madokawando  "  received  a  luri'e 
amount  of  money;"  another,  that  he  received  a  hatful;  and  a  third  states  n 
to  have  been  "a  hatful  of  pieces  ofeight.^'j 

We  have  said  that  the  great  sachem  was  succeeded  at  his  death  hy  /Hna- 
movet,  and  at  the  same  time  "Morus  seemed  his  successor."  We  find  noihin? 
yet  to  vary  this  statement,  but  in  explanation  we  would  note  that  Hmmonl 
appears  not  to  have  been  a  war  chief,  or  in  any  other  way  very  ronspicuoii^i, 
except  as  a  counsellor ;  and  though  in  name  the  successor  of  Jtfaf/o^nni/o, 
yet  was  willing  to  let  "  fierce  Moxus "  bear  his  well-earned  title  of  cliiet"  in 
all  matters  of  war. 

One  of  the  most  signal  exploits  oi' Moxus  was  the  capture  of  Pemmaqnid, 
on  the  3d  of  August,  1689.  From  this  place  his  men  led  16  of  the  English 
into  a  most  miserable  captivity,  whence  but  very  few  ever  returned.  A  con- 
siderable number  were  killed  before  the  fort  was  taken,  among  whom  was 
the  worthy  Captain  Gyles ;  three  otiier  captains  were  also  slain,  and  tlie  fort 
capittdated  the  second  day,  and  all  within  it  were  suffered  to  leave  it  and 
return  to  the  English  settlements  in  safety.  | 

We  have  seen  that  the  chief  Bomaxeen  was  intrapped  and  thrown  into 

Erison  in  Bo<*ton,  in  1694.  He  was  also  a  prisoner  there  four  years  atier, 
aving  probably  been  retained  all  this  time  to  restrain  acts  of  barbarity  on 
white  captives ;  and  it  was  rumored  that  he  had  been  the  leader  at  Groton. 
which  probably  had  some  influence  in  lengthening  bis  captivity,  but  it  is  not 
now  a  question  who  the  leader  was  in  that  sanguinary  exploit.  Mt.Juk 
Gyles  returned  out  of  a  ten  years'  captivity  in  1698,  and  on  the  14th  of  Octo- 
ber of  that  year,  he  says  he  was  sent  for  by  Lieutenant-Governor  S/owgWon, 
to  interpret  a  conference  with  Bomazeen  an^  other  Indians  then  in  jail.  Thij 
same  Mr.  Gyles,  afterwards  captain  of  Fort  George,  went  as  interpreter  with 
Captain  Southack  in  the  province  galley  to  the  eastern  shores,  for  tiie  ransoin 
and  exchange  of  captives.  Our  chief  was  at  this  time  exchanged,  and  the 
galley  returned  to  Boston  in  December,  1698. 

Whether,  upon  mere  suspicion,  injury  was  added  to  crime  in  the  case  of 
Bomazeen,  we  cannot,  upon  our  slend"r  evidence,  aver;  but  if  it  were  a  parallel 
case  to  that  of  the  seizure  and  death  of  Eeeremet  and  Honquid,  or,  as  others 
write  his  name,  Jlhanquid,  Abenc"-'',  &c.,  it  could  scarcely  be  surpassed  in 
atrocity.  There  are  no  facts  to  shovf  thsX  Ahenquid  had  been  an  eminyto 
the  English,  or,  if  an  enemy,  that  he  had  been  engaged  in  any  dcprediuioni 
Notwithstanding  it  is  a  custom  among  some  tribes  of  Indians  to  obliterate 
all  remembrance  of  the  dead,  their  near  connections,  it  was  hy  no  mnm 
common  among  all  tribes,  for  we  have  had  occasion  to  mention  many 
instances  where  the  name  of  a  noted  chief  has  been  perpetuated,  both 


*  Greerileiif's  Ecclesiastical  Sketches  of  Maine,  p.  10. 

t  The  prinied  treaty  of  1742,  and  authorities  vt  iritprn. 

X  Narrative,  ji  John  Oyles,  as  published  in  our  "  Indian  Capttvilies." 


Chaf.  Xll]  ABENQUID.— INDIAN  TREATY  OF   1725. 


149 


Bmong  the  western  ns  well  ns  nmong  the  eastern  Indians.    Jlbenquid  was 

killed  by  Captain  Chubb  in  IGiKi,  and  in  1725  there  was  another  chief  of  tlie 

same  imtne,  of  equal  distinction.    And  he  deserves  some  notice  in  this  place, 

ji  do  irmny  others.     While  Captain  Z«o«cj«;e// was  on  his  march  against  the 

Pe(liiu\vkets,  measures  were  heing  devised  in  Hoston  for  a  peace  with  the 

(nsiprii  hidians.    There  were,  at  the  same  time,  several  Indians  there,  some 

ji  |iri*oiiers  and  others  as  hostages,  ..nd  the  English  coi:"luded  to  send  some 

oitliPiii  out  to  invito  their  countrymen  to  come  to  Boston  tc  "^etlle  difficulties; 

arroidiiigly  Sitquarexis  and  JVebine,  one  a  hostage  and  the  Oi    "  a  captive, 

«vrf  ilL'sputched  upon  that  husiness.     They,  "alter  sonio  time,"  rei.irnetl  and 

rpiiDrit'd,  "that  the  Indians  were  generally  disposed  to  a  peace,  for  that  the 

lossts  tliey  met  with,  and  the  daily  terror  they  were  under,  made  their  lives 

nii<enil)le.    After  this  they  wen*  out  again,"  and  meeting  with  several  others 

of  their  countrymen,  received  lurther  nssurances  of  a  general  desire  for 

iieace.   Whei'.'upon   commissioners  were   sent  with   tho^je  two  Indians  to 

Fort  St.  Georj.e,  to  procure;  a  meeting  of  chiefs  and  to  niake  a  treaty.     They 

arrived  there  on  the  2d  July,  and  on  the  14th  thirteen  chiefs  had  assembled, 

not  lit  the  fort,  but  at  a  safe  distance  therefrom,  fearng  treachery  from  their 

white  brethren  on  a  more  extended  scale  than  they  had  experienced  not 

many  days  before.*     However,  after  considerable  parleying,  in  which  the 

Indians  made  the  English  swear  by  their  God,  in  the  most  solemn  manner, 

that  their  intentions  were  of  a  tenor  with  their  pretensions,  the  parties  came 

tojether. 

the  battle  of  Pequawket  was  recent,  and  it  was  evident  that  the  Indians 
liad  become  conscious  of  their  weakness,  and  did  not  urge  their  wrongs  at 
this  meeting,  although,  as  it  were,  in  their  own  country,  but  seemed  deter- 
mined to  have  peace  on  any  terms.  They  did  indeed,  to  the  demand  of  the 
EnL'li.<li, "  Why  they  had  made  war  upon  tliem?"  reply,  that  it  was  because 
tlifv  had  taken  up  their  land,  even  to  Cape  Newagen ;  and  not  only  seized 
upon  tlieir  lands  to  that  j)lace  westward,  but  tiiat  they  had  there  beaten  two 
of  their  men  to  death.  To  this  the  English  commissioners  answered :  "  The 
Ian  Is  are  ours,  and  we  can  show  you  they  were  fairly  bought  of  your  fiithers; 
am!  if  your  men  were  beaten  to  death  by  the  English,  it  was  your  business 
tfl(oini)lain  co  our  government,  and  not  to  make  war."  This  seems  to  have 
i\k\Ki\  the  poor  Indians,  ami  we  hear  nothing  further  from  them  at  this 
lime  but  an  earnest  desire  that  peace  might  be  concluded,  or  that  a  cessation 
of  arms  might  take  place.  The  commissioners  informed  them  that  they  had 
not  power  to  grant  a  cessation  of  arms,  but  said  that,  probably,  if  a  deputation 
of  their  chiefs  would  go  to  Boston,  it  might  be  granted  by  their  government. 
It  was  tinally  agreed  that  the  two  chiefs,  Loron,  or,  as  he  was  sometimes 
caled, Sa^uaarmn,  now  an  old  and  venerable  chief,  and  Ahniiquid,  sbotdd 
return  with  the  English  to  Boston,  and  see  what  could  be  done  towards  a 
gfiieral  |)eace. 

LoRo.N  and  Ahanquid  having  come  to  Boston,  it  was  soon  after  settled 
that  these  two  chiefs  shoidd  go  into  their  coimtry,  and  return  in  40  days  with 
a  sntlieieiit  nuinhor  of  chiefs,  with  whom  a  proper  treaty  might  be  made. 
Mwiiiwliile  several  depredations  having  been  committed  on  both  sides,  the 
mill' of  the  return  of  the  Indians  was  considerably  protracted  in  consequence; 
ami,  as  wo  have  in  a  previous  chapter  mentioned,  the  forty  days  had  nearly 
t«ii'e  expired  before  their  reappearance;  but,  in  the  beginning  of  November, 
I  the  I'aitht'iil  Loron  and  Ahanquid  returned  to  Boston,  bringing  with  them 
.frmw,  Francis  Xnv!er,  and  Me3;anumba,  representatives  from  the  eastern 
Indians,  clothed  with  fidl  power  to  negotiate  of  peace.  More  than  a  month 
Uas|msse(l  by  these  chiefs  in  Boston  before  a  treaty  was  signed.  This  was 
done  oil  the  15  December,  1725,  and  peace  was  thereby  restored  to  the 
eastern  frontiers. 


~S:iHi 


.'"  And  indeed  they  had  rniisc  of  lioiii;;;  so,  for  thai  about  10  days  before,  [JO  June,  says 
JH  iliaiiKoii,  ii.  in.,]  iiiiiiiT  a  tliiff  of  Irucp,  some  of  llie  Kiiglish  Ircarl.croiisly  altoiiiptcd  to 
jlavvi,lint  hands  ii|ion  Iboin,  but  lost  one  in  the  skirmish  and  had  anollicr  wounded,  which 
l*3s  ihe  occasion  of  ihc  like  unhappv  disasfer  that  afterwards  happened  unto  Captain  Saunders 
IfclVuobscolUay."    Peiiliallow,  I'iO. 


.  '<■  ■'•••r  •■(>•■  <;-lF' 


150 


CAPTAIN  TOM.  — WAHWA. 


[Boo«  m 


In  our  notice  of  Captain  Tom  in  a  previous  chapter,  and  his  depredation  at 
Hampton,  it  should  tiuve  L»eon  stated  that  he  had  ahundant  excuse  fur  retalia 
tions  of  the  nature  there  described.  Lengili  of  tune,  to  whatever  nuiiiher 
of  years  extended,  is  no  guaranty  that  an  injury  will  not  be  rejmid  hy  gn 
Indian,  with  Lidian  interest ;  and  Hannibal  did  not  more  strictly  observe  hk 
vow  to  war  against  the  Romans,  than  the  savage  of  America  adhered  to  \m 
resohition  of  revenging  an  insult,  even  though  its  origin  were  reinovej 
several  generations  from  him.  In  the  cliapter  already  referred  to,  we  have 
detailed  the  expedition  of  Colonel  Church  upon  the  Androscoggin,  and  ),;j 
capture  and  destruction  of  a  fort  some  30  or  40  miles  up  that  river.*  Tlii* 
fort  was  the  residence  of  Aoamcus,  more  generally  known  among  the  Eiieli.4i 
as  Great  Tom.  This  chief,  according  to  my  authority,  was  taken  captive  at 
the  time  of  the  assault  by  Church,  "  but  he  slipt  away  from  the  hands  of  hjii 
too  careless  keepers,  which  was  a  disaster  they  much  complained  ot;  Bm 
if  this  piece  of  carelessness  did  any  harm,  there  was  another  which  did  some 
good;  for  Great  Tom  having  terribly  scared  a  part  of  his  men  with  tlie 
tidings  of  what  had  happened,  and  an  English  lad  in  their  hands  also  teilini; 
them  some  truth,  they  betook  themselves  to  such  a  ^^W  '^  their /n^/i/^  jj 
gave  Mr.  Jinthony  Bracket,  then  a  prisoner  with  them,  an  opportunity  to  fly 
four  score  miles  another  way."  Btit  we  have  recorded  the  escape  of  poor 
tMhony  Bracket,  who,  says  Dr.  Mather,  ''if  he  had  not  found  one  of  Churcli'!; 
vessels  aground  at  Maquait,  would  have  been  miserably  aground  liiniseji" 
after  all  his  severe  travel  and  sufferings  to  effect  an  escape.}  And  now  vt 
have  arrived  at  the  extent  of  our  information  concerning  Agamcus. 

Wahwa  shall  here  receive  additional  notice.  He  may  be  the  same  spoken 
of  before,!  though  there  the  name,  if  it  be  the  same,  has  another  syllable  in 
it  He  was  the  renowned  Hopehood,  doubly  celebrated  by  the  stroke  of 
oblivion  aimed  at  his  head  by  the  classic  Magnalian.  But  ff'ahwa  rould 
hardly  have  been  Hopehood  of  1675,  §  as  he  would  have  been  very  old  at 
LovewdPs  fight,  in  1725;  yet  it  is  not  impossible,  notwithstanding  lie  is  made 
to  die,  (I  by  the  hand  of  the  Mohawks,  not  long  after  the  capture  of  Salmon 
Falls,  in  1690,  "while  on  his  way  westward  to  bewitch  another  crew  at 
Aquadocta."  His  name  of  Hopehood  had,  very  probably,  been  manufuetiired 
out  of  an  Indian  name  approaching  it  in  sound,  as  are  many  others  we 
possess. 

He  did  not  leave  the  scenes  of  his  exploits  until  the  summei  of  MIO,  .is 
we  have  seen;iy  he  was  the  leader  at  Fox  Point,  in  Newington,  in  May  of 
that  year;  and  he  very  probably  had  the  direction  of  the  party,  if  li,;  didiiot 
lead  it,  who,  on  the  4th  of  July,  killed  eight  people  as  they  were  inowiii!;  in 
a  field  nca.  Lamprey  River,  and  took  a  boy  captive.  On  the  5th  they 
attacked  Captain  Hilton^s  garrison  at  Exeter,  but  Lieutenant  Bancroft,  arriving 
to  its  relief,  beat  off  the  Indians  "with  the  loss  of  a  few  of  his  men."  One 
man  they  were  forced  to  leave  without  sculping,  oiid  though  shot  in  9 
places,  was  still  alive.  To  these  desperate  wounds  they  had  added  two 
blows  with  tlie  tomahawk  at  his  neck,  endeavoring  to  sever  his  head  from 
his  body;  '•which  blows,  you  may  be  sure,"  says  Mather,  "added  more  enor- 
mous wounds  unto  the  port-holes  of  death  already  opened,  and  from  which 
his  life  was  running  out  as  fast  us  it  could."  When  discovered  hy  his  friends 
ho  was  looked  upon  as  dead,  but  on  being  stirred  was  observed  to  giifip; 
"whereupon  an  Irish  fellow  then  present,  udvised  them  to  give  him  another 
dab  with  a  hatchet,  and  so  btiry  him  with  the  rest."  Yet  this  man  recovered, 
and  was  afterwards  well.  His  name  was  Simon  Stone.  There  are  daily 
occurrences,  which  in  those  days  would  have  been  viewed  ns  miracles,  or  a« 
retaliations  of  the  Creator  upon  miserable  wretches  for  thoughtless  acts  or 
expressions.  Upon  all  such  as  came  to  the  knowledge  of  Cotton  Mathtrk 
laid  his  potent  hand  with  manifest  satisfaction.  Doubtless  the  poor  Irishniaa 
tliought  it  would  have  been  a  favor  to  the  wounded  man,  who  could  not  live, 
to  put  liim  out  of  his  misery ;  but  this  weighed  nothing  in  the  mind  of  the 

*  Fort  "  Amonoscoggin,"  acrordin|r  to  the  Magnalia,  about  40  miles  up  the  river. 

t  Magnalia,  ib.        f  Pago  105,  114,  124,  ante.        6  Page  116.        ||  By  Matlier,  Magnalia. 

If  Page  118. 


hiiiiorian.    "  Teagu< 


Cfl*p.  xn.i 


HOPEIIOOD— SEVERE  BATTLE. 


151 


liijjtorian.  "Teague,"  he  says,  "aa  he  was  foolislily  pulling  a  ranoe  ashore, 
about  this  time,  with  the  cock  of  his  gun,  it  wont  off,  hrcaking  liis  arm  with 
a  fearful  wound,  by  which  he  was  made  a  cripj)le  ever  after." 

Bv  a  council  of  war  held  at  Portsmouth,  occasioned  by  these  depredations  of 
mhat  inciiiorablc  tiger  HopehooJ"  it  Wiis  decided  that  Captain  JViswall  should 
jfl  out  in  search  of  him  with  a  largo  scouting  party,     several  other  prom- 
inent men,  being  emulous  of  the  service,  ofli'ring  to  join  him  in  command 
ffiiliaiiotiier  party,  it  b^  lot  fell  on  Captain  Floyd.    Having  rendezvoused  at 
Dover  to  the  number  of  about  one  hundred  men,  they  marched  into  the  woods 
on  the  since  memorable  day,  July  4th,  1(J90.     On  the  (Uh,  having  sent  out 
iheir  sfoiits  "  before  breakfast "  in  the  morning,  they  "  immediately  returned 
vriili  tidings  of  breakfast  enough  for  those  who  had  their  stomachs  sharp  <et 
liir tifrliting"    The  parties  inunediately  met  at  a  place  called  Wheelwright'a 
Pond  in  Lcc,  and  an  obstinate  battle  ensued,  which  lasted  Irom  two  to  tJiree 
\\(\m.    Owing,  however,  to  the  Indian  mode  of  fighting,  adopted  by  the 
fjijrlijili,  comparatively  but  few  were  killed.    Neither  party  could  boast  of  a 
virtory,  for,  as  at  Pequawket,  each  was  glad  to  retreat  from  the  other.     Of 
tlipwiiites  al)ove  30  were  killed  and  wounded,  of  which  15  were  of  the  former 
Dunilier.   Among  these  were  included  Cajrtain  Wiswall,  his  lieutenant,  Flag^, 
and  Sergeant  tValker.    Captain  Floyd  maintained  the  fight  imtil  most  of  his 
nu'D  liad  retreated,  which  obliged  liim  to  retreat  also.     "  For  this  some  blamed 
|iini,wlio,  ])robably,  wotdd  not  have  continued  it  as  long  as  he  did."    Captain 
Coiiifrje  visited  the  battle  groimd  the  next  morning,  and  brought  off'  seven 
wniiiided  still  alive,  but  the  Indians  had  removed  all  of  theirs,  and  it  could 
i„   ibe  known  how  many  of  them  were  killed.    There  was  no  doubt  about 
ilie  precii)itancy  of  their  retreat,  as  they  lell  much  of  their  i)lundcr  upon 
the  field. 

Tlie  same  week  "  these  rovers  made  their  descent  as  far  as  Amesbury, 
where  Captain  Foot  being  ensnared  by  them,  they  tortured  him  to  death. 
Thi?  so  alarmed  the  other  inhabitants,  that  they  flew  from  their  beds  to  their 
rirrisoDP,  otherwise  before  the  next  morning  they  had  found  their  beds  their 
pve?.  However,  they  killed  three  persons,  burnt  three  houses,  and  many 
cattle.  In  fine,  from  the  first  mischief  done  at  Lamprey-eel  River,  (on  July 
4tli,)  to  this  last  at  Amesbury,  all  belonging  to  one  Indian  expedition,  forty 
Ensflish  people  were  cut  off." 

Thus  Hnpekood  is  considered  the  leader  in  all  these  transactions,  although 
our  chroniclers  of  that  day  do  not  mention  him,  exceirting  where  we  have 
limip  so,  nor  do  they  mention  the  names  of  any  other  Indians.  He  was  the 
coniinander  of  his  cotmtr}'men  at  the  taking  of  Casco,  on  which  event  the 
.farrisons  of  Pm-pooduck,  Spurwink,  Black  Point,  and  Blue  Point,  drew  off 
in  Saco,  and  in  a  few  days  from  Saco  they  retreated  to  Wells,  "  twenty  miles 
within  tlie  said  Saco,  and  about  half  Wells  drew  off  as  fiir  as  Lieutenant 
Sorfr's.  But  the  arrival  of  orders  and  soldiers  from  government  stopped 
them  from  retiring  any  farther ;  and  Hopehood,  with  a  i)arty  that  staid  for 
fartlier  niiscliief,  meeting  with  some  resistance  here,  turned  about,  and  having 
lirst  liad  a  skirmish  with  Captain  Sherburn,  they  appeared  the  next  Lord's- 
h\  at  Newicliawannok  or  Ber>viek,  where  they  burnt  some  houses  and  slew 
a  man."  This  last  event  was  three  days  previous  to  the  massacre  at  Fox 
Point,  hefore  related. 

We  now  are  to  speak  again  of  Wahiva,  and  as  we  have  before  considered 
liiii\  a  different  chief  from  Hopehood  Jl'ahowah,  we  shall  still  do  so,  yet  the 
ciiaracter  of  his  exploits  agrees  well  with  those  of  that  chief;  but  tiiat  argues 
nothing  as  to  his  identity,  for  numerous  other  chiefs  correspond  equally 
as  well. 

On  tlie  27th  of  October,  1796,  a  band  of  seven  Indians  surprised  the  family 
of  P/i'Vip  Dvrell  at  Kennebunk,  cimttiring  ten  persons,  eight  women  and  two 
children,  and  carried  them  off.  The  attack  was  made  late  in  the  afternoon, 
while  Mr.  Durell  was  absent.  On  his  retimi  he  found  his  house  in  flames, 
ehiiirs  |)iled  on  the  fire,  trunks  split  to  pieces,  but  no  traces  of  his  wife  and 
eliildren.  The  Indians  had  been  watching  for  an  opportunity  to  attack  when 
Mr.  Dvrell  should  be  absent,  fearing,  it  was  thought,  his  powerfid  arm,  if  made 
when  he  was  at  home.    Twenty-three  years  before  Mrs.  Durill  hud  been  a 


MiMM 


«8'  if'-  ,>-- Jifci*! 


152 


ACTEON.— WAHWA. 


[Book  III, 


captive,*  l)iit  unlike  most  of  her  sex  in  like  circumstancca,  Blm  fordKMJod  no 
evil  of  n  like  kind  from  the  Intliuns,  but  looked  ujwn  her  former  cuptim'  hy 
Uieni  us  we  do  upon  a  niulady  that  never  attacks  u  second  time ;  l)ut  in  tli^ 
case  it  was  otherwise. 

The  i)erpetrators  were  pursned  with  vigor  the  next  uiorninji,  which  pmisfd 
the  Indians  to  |)iit  most  of  their  captives  to  death,  by  which  means  tlivy  were 
able  to  make  good  their  flight.  • 

It  was  lor  some  time  donbtfnl  what  Indians,  or  Jiow  nuiny,  had  coiiiinitif.,! 
tliis  horrid  act,  but  it  was  finally  ascertained  that  the  bloody  "  ff'nhwn,  I'mi- 
caunavmpoijte,  formerly  a  Mohegan,  Adcon,  aflerwards  known  as  (,'ji|itaii, 
Moses,  an  Arisaguntacook,  Omhorowees,  Manneenhoichau,  Pier,  Sutifrebitugumji, 
probai)ly  of  the  same  tribe,  though  one  or  more  was  of  Wowenok,  hut  tliin 
residing  among  the  St.  Francis  Indians.  Ytt  fivc-and-twenty  years  or  mm 
afterwards.  Colonel  Job,  a  noted  orator  and  chief  bpeaker  at  CJovernoriVAiV/fi/, 
treaty  in  1754,  denied  that  Jideon  was  an  Arisaguntacook,  and  said  lie  wasan 
Albany  Indian ;  but  as  Job  was  accused  of  telling  lies  in  his  talk  at  tlic  irentv 
by  one  of  his  own  party,  not  much  dependence  can  be  given  to  wlun  y^^ 
say.f  Hut  it  appears  that  he  was  a  Norridgewok,  but  having  taken  un  Arij- 
aguntacook  woman  for  a  wife,  became  one  of  them.  He  was  the  sunc  cliid' 
who,  on  the  28  April,  1752,  with  a  party  of  10  or  12  of  that  tribe,  fcH  ,||)on 
four  men  on  a  branch  of  Contoocook  River,  shot  one  of  them  dcud,  ym 
escaped,  and  the  other  two  were  taken  and  carried  to  Canada ;  but  tiiis  aifc 
we  shall  notice  more  at  large  presently. 

We  hear  of  but  one  that  ever  returned  of  those  taken  at  Keiuiehiiiik.  Wm 
name  was  John  Durell,  son  oi'  Philip,  whose  family  were  flestroyed;  uiid  lif, 
though  li(^  was  redeemed  in  about  two  years,  was,  according  to  tho  liijitorian 
of  Kennebimk,  "ever  after  more  of  an  Indian  than  a  white  muii."  Himvus 
alive  when  Governor  Sulliv(m  wrote  his  history,  and  resided  therf.  It  wlj 
not  long  after  Withwd!s  depredation,  that  two  friendly  Indians,  Qmnowf,  of 
WowcMiok,  and  Ogicsand,  were  sent  by  the  governor  of  MassaciiiiM'itji  lo 
learn  the  fate  of  the  cajHives,  as  well  as  what  Indians  had  t'  'iie  the  iiiisiliii'i; 
these  ambassadors,  from  causes  not  explained,  though  doubtless  no  unconumm 
ones  on  such  undertakings,  were  not  heard  of  for  nearly  a  year  after,  and  tkn 
could  give  no  satisfactory  account  in  the  business  they  un<lerto()k.  At  ilie 
treaty  of  Casco,  in  1727,  Jluyavmvioxvett,  chief  speaker  of  the  Arisagiintacooks, 
said  he  had  learned  that  a  boy  taken  at  that  time  was  among  tiie  Fremii. 
This  was  probably  John  Durell. 

After  peace  was  made,  and  intercourse  commenced  again  hrtwcpn  ilie 
Indians  and  the  settlers,  it  seems  fi'nhwa  used  freijnently  to  visit  Keiineliuiik, 
and  olt(>n  talked  fiimiliarly  with  the  friends  of  those  he  had  massacred.  Like 
most  other  Indians,  he  would  get  drunk  when  he  could  get  li()uor.  On  o;ip 
occasion,  as  he  lay  drunk  at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  Baxter,  vvhos(!  wile  wasunioii!; 
the  murdered  in  the  exploit  above  related,  some  of  Baxtcr^s  ac(|iiaintiiiiri's 
advised  him  to  tumble  him  into  the  well,|  but  he  had  too  much  hiiiimniu  in 
wish  to  immortalize  his  name  by  an  act  so  dastardly.  And  U'ahwa  rcnmiiiHl 
a  monument  of  his  own  cruelty,  but  not  a  more  desjjised  oik!  tliiui  the 
advisers  of  his  death;  while  the  nijured  man,  deprived  of  his  nearest  Irieuds, 
remained  a  monument  of  humanity. 

We  now  return  to  Jlcteon,  and  his  expedition  to  Contoocook.  A  small 
company  of  young  men,  four  in  nund)er  only,  went  out  early  in  the  spriiii! 
of  the  year  1^52,  to  hunt  in  the  north-western  part  of  Nev/  Ilampsitiic  Tinir 
names  were,  Jlmos  Eastman,  of  Concord,  John  and  William  Stark,  of  Dnnliiir- 
ton,  and  David  Stinson,  of  Londonderry.  What  we  are  about  to  relatn  will  lie 
of  more  interest  to  the  reader,  doubtless,  if  he  is  told  that  John  Stark,  of  iliis 
party  of  hunters,  was  the  same  who  afterwards  defeated  Colonel  Haum  at 
Bennington,  in  the  early  part  of  the  revolutionaiy  war.  These  yoiiii|;  men, 
wandering  fiir  beyond  the  confines  of  civilization,  were,  on  the  28th  of  April, 

*  Pr.irllmry's  History  of  Kpiiiiohunk  I'ori.  I'iO,  121. 

t  Ho  wiis  n  ft-arlcs'i,  bold  (cilow  ;  iicnisod  fiovornor  Stliirley  of  "  Ipttinp  his  yoims '"''i""' 
the  Devil' a  pari  by  (icing  misohici' lo  iho  hidians,"  iiolwithslaudiiig  hi.s  protesta'lions  ol' justice 
to  thrm. 

X  Ilislory  of  Keiinebuiik  Port,  121. 


wip  xn.i 


STARKS  CAPTIVITY. 


153 


nursuing  their  arduous  cinploynicnt  on  a  brnnch  of  the  PemigownHet,  called 
Llier's  Rivor,  in  wlmt  is  n'mcv,  Riii'iney,  when  Niiddenly  tiiny  won)  Htirprised 
hvieii  liuliiiiis  under  the  fanMHis  Jkleon,  who  at  tliis  time  waH  known  hy  tho 
jjiin,.  of  Cuptuin  Moses.     The  whitcH  liad,  hnf  little  while  lK!lbre,  dincovorcd 
~fes  of  Indians,  and  had  Ijoconie  alarmed,  and  were  determined  to  leave 
.jipjr  position.    Accordingly,  John  Slark  went  out  vtuy  early  in  the  morning 
to  foiled  their  traps,  and  while  thus  He])arated  from  his  companions,  wjis 
"lailp  prisoner.    As  soon  as  he  was  secured,  he  was  ordered  to  direct  them 
ii)  his  friends.    This  ho  undertook  to  do,  but  piirposy  ly  led  them  two  miles 
jjriiier  from  them,  hoping  that,  by  some  means,  they  might  take  the  alarm 
aiid  f i<ca|)e ;   l)ut  it  was  not  to  be  ended  so.      They  seem  not  to  have  im- 
j,-nie(l  that  John  was  taken  by  Indians,  and  soon  began  to  shoot  off  their 
jiiw  to  direct  him  where  they  were.     This  also  directed  tho  Indians,  and 
ilicv  immediately  proceeded  down  the  river,  beyond  the  whites,  and  taking  a 
•lation,  waylaid  them  as  they  came  down.     All  that  had  now  passed  had  not 
fflkeii  up  much  time,  for  alwnt  sunrise  the  party  appeared,  two  in  a  boat,  fi'il- 
Im  Slark  and  Stinson,  and  Eastman  on  the  shore,  who  next  fell  into  the  In- 
dians' hands.    They  now  ordered  John  to  hail  his  iriends  in  the  Iroat,  to  d«!(;oy 
ijjfiii  to  the  shore ;  but,  with  a  boldness  characteristic  of  great  minds,  he 
railed  to  them,  and  instead  of  requesting  them  to  lend,  told  them  he  was 
lakeii,  and  ordered  them  to  save  themselves  by  pulling  to  the  opposite  shore. 
They  pulled  accordingly,  and  were  (piickly  fired  upon  by  four  of  the  Indians, 
wlioW  guns  were  loaded.     Like  a  truly  heroic  spirit,  without  regarding  tho 
n<k!ic  ran,  at  the  moment  of  the  shot  John  knocked  up  two  of  tlie  Indians' 
jiiiis,  and  repeated  the  mancBUvre  when  the  rest  of  the  party  fired  a  second 
volley.    He  then  hallooed  to  his  brother  in  the  boat  to  fly  with  all  his  might, 
fnrail  tiie  guns  were  discharged.    lie  did  so  successfully;  regained  the  shore 
ami  escaped.    Poor  Stinson  was  killed,  and  the  boat  and  oars  were  pierced 
Willi  bullets.    John  was  sorely  beaten  and  ill  used  at  first,  for  the  liberties  he 
hail  taken  in  giving  their  shots  a  false  direction ;  but  tliey  afterwards  used 
him  kinilly. 

The  whites  had  collected  a  considerable  quantity  of  furs,  of  which  the  In- 
(iir.iis  possessed  themselves,  and  conuuenccd  their  retreat.  They  made  a 
3opat  Lower  Coos,  about  the  present  vicinity  of  Haverhill,  N.  H.,  where  they 
y  left  two  of  their  party  to  prepare  provisions  against  their  return.  After 
one  ni^it's  stay  here  they  proceeded  to  Upper  Coos.  From  this  place  Cap- 
tain .V/ojm  despatched  three  of  his  men  with  Eastman  to  St.  Francis,  while 
the  rest  of  the  company  hunted  on  a  small  stream  in  that  neighborhood. 
M  was  meantime  closely  watched,  and  every  night  confined.  They  al- 
lowed him  to  hunt,  and  he,  having  shot  one  beaver  and  caught  another  in  a 
I  trap,  was  approbated  by  a  present  of  their  skins. 
At  length,  on  the  9  of  July,  Captain  Moses  returned  with  his  prisoner  to  St. 
Francis,  Here  the  two  captives  were  compelled  to  run  the  gantlet.  East- 
I  iwn  fared  hard  in  that  business ;  but  Stark^  understanding  Indian  play  Iwtter, 
I  seized  a  club  fl-om  an  Indian  at  the  head  of  one  of  the  ranks  through  which 
Mvasto  nm,  and  laid  it  about  him  with  such  force,  that  running  tho  gant- 
I  let  was  wholly  on  tiie  part  of  the  Indians;  for  they  were  glad  to  escape  and 
be  the  ground  to  him,  much  to  the  delight  of  the  old  Indians,  who  were 
I  sealed  at  a  distance  to  witness  the  sport. 

Fortunately,  Stark  and  Eastman's  captivitj'  was  not  a  long  one.  In  about 
I  six  weeks  from  Stark^s  arrival  at  St.  Francis,  there  arrived  Captain  Stevens,  of 
I  .No.  Four,  and  Mr.  WheeliorigM,  of  Boston,  in  search  of  soirje  captives,  who 
1  been  taken  from  Massachusetts,  and  not  finding  any,  redeemed  Stark  and 
|£(u/fflnn,  who  arrived  home,  by  way  of  Albany,  in  August  following.  The 
I  Mine  Indians  accompanied  them  to  Albany,  where  they  sold  the  furs  they 
Jhail  taken  from  them,  to  the  amount  of  £.')()0,  old  tenor.  Stark  ]m\([  for  his 
pnsom  103  dollars,  and  Enslman  (iO  dollars.  The  names  of  two  others  of  the 
jlndians  who  did  this  mischief,  were  FVancis  Titigaw,  and  Peer,  a  young  chief) 
Ifaeii  of  whom  has  been  mentioned  as  chief  in  the  capture  ;  but  it  is  not 
I  material. 

At  the  treaty  of  1727,  which  the  preceding  relation  required  us  to  notice, 
Inieatiou  was  made  by  the  chiefs,  at  that  treaty,  of  a  great  many  Indians,  and 


r 

1: 

11 

m 

' 

HI 

'1  i 

«■ 

vi 

HI 

i 


>■  ■  ■  V;, 
'■'^  '.  :  ■■ .  ■: 


f;  /  ..■•■-■  ■rJL 


154 


SIEGE  OF  WALPOLE,  N.  11. 


[Boox  III. 


amuiig  otlicrH,  of  onn  of  roiiMidrrublo  note,  of  whom  wo  Imvn  IM-Iorf!*  said 
eoiiii^tliiii^f,  if,  iii(l«'»Ml,  li(!  1)0  iho  shiiic,  iiaiiifly,  SnlxUis.  This  iiuhan  hml  pr,. 
vioiisly,  llioii;,'!i  |i<'rliu|>s  not  Umj,'  hetoro  that  Ircaty,  with  others,  inkcn  |||„|n" 
captives  in  their  (h-prechilions  on  the  I'lnjflish  frontiers.  At  this  timr  hi'  «.,; 
liviiif;  at  St.  I'Vaneis  in  (Canada,  and  liad  two  eaptivtis  with  him;  luit  il,,!,' 
uunies  wo  cannot  h;arn.  Me  was  of  a  hh)o(ly  (fisposition,  and  tla'  mt  \\\„,.i^ 
terminated  his  career  waw  hy  a  liand  not  hss  Idoody,  thoiiji;ii,  perhaps,  inon. 
necessarily  so.  We  liave,  on  anoth(!r  occasion,  and  m  anotlier  worit.t  nliit,,| 
the  circumstances  of  it,  and  shall  therefore  pass  it  over  here.  l\v  wim  kili,|i 
in  ITiVJ,  and  we  have  helon;  expressed  the  opinion  that  Ins  was  the  liitliirdf 
him  hronjfht  awny  a  captive  from  St.  I"'ran<'is  hy  Captain  Hojrtrs  in  I7.")ii,,„|j 
who  in  177.5  followed  the  fortimes  of  Arnold's  expedition  against  UiitlMc. 

As  noted  an  exploit  as  we  have  passed  over  in  om-  history  is  that  vvlijii 
was  enacted  at  Walpole,  N.  If.,  in  the  year  17.15.  if  I'niijp,  tfie  lendnoiiij 
Lidianson  tliat  occasion,  he  the  same  that  we  have  hetore  given  some  iiTOjimt 
of,  his  patriotism  as  well  as  his  conragJ'  must  have  nndergoni;  an  iiii|Hiaiiit 
change ;  hut  as  we  caimot  settle  that  matter  to  the  satislaction  of  tin;  criiiral 
ontiqnary  without  spending  more  time  than  we  shall  get  credit  for,  wc  will 
relate  the  affair  at  VVal|)ole  as  we  iiave  heard  it. 

One  John  Kilbum  had  settled  at  that  place  in  1749,  and  though  fur  U'vnnd 
any  other  settlement,  and  frequently  watched,  and  sometimes  aminycd  liviht. 
Indians,  yet  no  hostile  act  was  attempted  upon  liim  until  17.'),'>.  W'Ikii  i'l  I,,.. 
came  certain  that  war  would  soon  Ixjgin  hetwcien  Kngland  and  Fr-m c, iii,,,.,^. 
ures  were  taken  hy  (jeneral  Hhirkij  to  warn  the  settlers  along  the  exiin-ne 
frontier  of  New  England  of  the  approaching  calamity.  \\\\\  the  huliniisMini 
to  have  known  or  expected  it  sooner  than  the  English,  tor  helbre  the  Jmitr 
had  receive*!  word  from  General  Shirley,  the  cuiming  Philip,  in  the  cupiu  in 
of  a  spy,  had  visited  every  principal  settlement,  under  the  pretence  ot'truilini 
for  flints  an(1  other  hunting  munitions,  all  along  the  Connecticut  Hiver;  w'i 
it  was  not  until  two  Indians,  employed  by  (Jeneral  Shirley,  had  iii)i)riii('(l  iln 
settlers  that  400  or  500  Indians  were  preparing  in  Canada  to  make  u  desnut 
upon  them,  tliut  Philip's  expedition  lor  trade  was  understood  in  its  reul  tliar- 
acter. 

Kilbum  lived  in  a  good  gairison-house,  and  on  the  day  Philip  npitoarcd 
against  it  with  sonic  IJOO  Indians,  he,  with  three  other  men,  were  ut  work 
some  distance  from  it ;  but  keeping  a  good  watch,  the  Indians  were  discov. 
ered  in  time  to  afford  tliem  sufficient  opportunity  to  regain  the  garrison  wiiJi. 
out  molestation.  The  timely  discovery  was  made  about  mid-day,  Aiifiiisi  17, 
and  in  less  than  half  an  hour  after,  they  were  surrouiuled  by  1U7  tierci'  Hiir- 
riors,  tiushed  with  confidence  of  an  easy  and  Hjjeedy  victory;  the  reiiiaindtr 
of  the  Indians  forming  an  ambush  of  reserve  at  the  mouth  of  Cold  Kinr, 
about  half  a  mile  froiu  the  garrison. 

M(!anwhile  Philip  had  endeavored  to  cut  off  Colonel  ^e//oit'»,  who,  with 
30  men,  was  milling  about  a  jnile  east  of  KilbtirrCs;  but  in  this  lie  was  foiW 
by  a  masterly  manojuvrc  of  the  colonel.  His  men  were  returning  frniii  ilie 
mill,  each  with  a  bag  of  meal  upon  his  back,  when  his  dogs  by  their  jirowiinj 
gave  timely  notice  of  the  neighborhood  of  an  enemy,  and  the  tlioiiglits  nl  an 
and)ush  at  the  same  moment  passed  through  his  mind:  he  as  soon  kinv 
what  to  do.  lie  ordered  his  men  to  throw  off'  their  bags,  advance  toaccr- 
tain  eminence  over  which  their  path  lay,  and  about  which  he  douhted  iioi  ilie 
Itidians  were  j)repared  for  him.  The  groimd  contiguous  was  covered  with 
high  sweet  fern.  Up  to  these  Bellows  and  liis  men  crawled,  into  tiic  vtn 
presence  of  the  enemy.  They  now,  agreeably  to  the  plan  proposed  at  tlie 
discovery,  sprung  upon  their  feet,  and  giving  a  tremendous  whoop,  ul'ttr  the 
manner  of  tlieir  adversary,  dropped  down  again  the  same  instant.  Tlic  In- 
dians at  the  very  moment  rose  up,  forming  a  thick  front  across  the  path  in  a 
semicircle.  Each  of  liellows's  men  had  now  an  Lidian  in  his  jmwer;  luiJ 
such  was  the  effect  of  the  first  fire  of  these  30  men,  that  Philip  and  hiswiiole 
party  precipitately  retreated,  and  the  victors,  without  waiting  for  a  I'urtlur 


*  Ante,  page  13,5,  l.'Ki  of  this  Hook. 

t  In  the  Appendix  to  my  editiun  of  Church's  Philip's  War,  dtc,  page  337. 


Ca*f' 


XII] 


SICGE  OF   WAl.rOLE,   N.  H. 


155 


li.plav  "f  tactics,  rngaiiind  tli«ir  |(arriHoii,  not  liuviii^  one  of  their  miiubor 

[111101°  woiiiitlcd.     Of  tilt;  loHH  of  tlic  liiifiaiiH  no  iiifutioii  is  iiiutlu. 

^^limliii),'  HO  warm  a  reception  Ironi  (Joloncl  Jkllows,  Philip^  it  wonUI  mcciii, 

.  Will  as  tiu;  (colonel,  liail  no  notion  of  taking  a  second  hand  at  tiic  saniu 

,^,ii,,  „ii(l,  as  w«!  Iiav»!  saiil,  ininiiHhately  a|»|M;arod  Ijcforo  Kilburn's  {;arrist)n, 

jji,iri'  lie  iioped  l()r  lietler  success,     Philip  was  an  old  ac<|iiaiiitance  here, 

ill  a|i|ii'(mciiii>^  tiie  lioiisi;  as  near  as  he  could  find  a  trtie  liir  shelter,  called 

','i  Id  kilburn,  "  Old  John,  Uoaiig  John,  come  oiU  ficir.     tt'e  give  you  good  tjiutr- 

(  .'   Philip  ii^t  representou  as  of  fjruat  stature,  and  |iroi)ortionate  streiij^th; 

iilKilliurn  was  not  his  interior.     His  answered  the  warruj.      witii  a  voice  of 

;',i,iiil,  r "  that  flowed  over  the  adjacent  hills,  "Uiiartcr  I    y  u  hluck  rascals ! 

;,,,oiic,  ..r  we'll  iputrlcr  you." 

riiiH  .stood  the  allliir  which  was  shortly  to  decide  the  fate  of  Walpole, 
IkIwicii  isix  Kurdish,  four  men  and  two  women,  and  ahout  400  Indians,  at  the 
"liiiiuMU'ciiieiit  of  lli(!  si«!f,'(!.  Philip  returned  to  his  men,  and,  aller  a  short 
,,ii.i',  tlic  silence  was  hroktin  hy  yells  and  whoops  of  the  whole  hody  of  lii- 
,;,;iii<,  which  appeared,  as  we  have  heard  the  olil  people  express  it,  "<«(  tlwiigh 
/illlit  dtvils  in  luill  htid  broke  loose."  A  furious  onset  was  now  Ite^'iin,  and  iu 
jfiw  iiiiiiiitcs  the  roof  of  the  house  was  perforated  like  a  sieve.  As  usual  in 
;j,ir  iiltat'ks  on  garrisons,  they  eiii|)loyed  stratagems,  but  wluui  the  whole 
.hniiiuii  was  spent,  tlu.'V  loiiiid  they  had  made  no  impression,  hut  were 
.'ii.iilv  w(M(keiied  themselves,  and  at  night  drew  off,  thus  ending  their  inglu- 
,i„ii,V.\|M'(litioii. 
»iiili  deeds  could  a  few  ill'  ,  well  |>rovided,  perform,  well  know ing  it  was 
,;,!  imiiilicis  that  could  save  .en  "'  times  of  jieril,  while  many  others,  rely- 
;i,.'  ii|i(iii  their  iiunihers,  negl.i.'ti;  Uieir  duties,  have  fallen  an  ea.sy  prey  to 
ill iiuMiy  not  half  etpial  to  t  'iiise've.-t.  Kilhuni  had  extra  guns  in  his  liou.se, 
;i:iil  liis  will!  and  daughter  cast  bullets,  and  iierlbrined  every  other  service  in 
•,ii,ir|i(i\vcr.  When  one  of  the  iii(!ii's  guns  became  too  much  heated  to  be 
J.  il  witii  safety,  a  woman  «;x  •hanged  it  for  another,  so  that  every  man  was 
iwrv  iiiiiiiicht  at  his  place,  tVlien  their  lead  began  to  grow  short,  blankets 
«iT.' suspended  in  the  r  '  A\  to  catch  tin;  balls  of  the  enemy,  with  good  suc- 
tf'K  and  thus  many  ol  \'.  Iiulians  fell  by  their  own  bullets!  To  use  their 
j»rt\(iir without  lo.ssof  time,  tlu'y  poured  it  into  hats,  which  were  placed  close 
;.!li;iiid;  liy  such  means  an  incessant  (ire  was  kept  up,  which  probably  de- 
ruviii  the  liiiliaus  in  regard  to  their  mnnbers.  They  found  time,  luitbre 
ibmiiiL'dtr,  to  kill  all  tht;  (;attle,  burn  and  destroy  all  the  hay  and  grain  be- 
!M:i:'iii>.'  to  the  settlement;  but  tiiis  was  looked  upon  as  nothing,  scarcely  to 
l«  idihidi'ied  towards  the  price  ol"  their  deliverance.  We  do  not  learn  as  it 
; ms ever  known  to  tli(!  Kngli.sli  what  the  loss  of  the  Indians  was;*  but  the 
cirri»iMi  lost  Mr,  Pmk,  who,  (!X|iosing  himself  too  much  befort;  a  port-hole, 
I  wasslidt  ill  the  hip,  'Flie  wound  woidd  probably  have  been  cured  if  good 
m\n\  aid  could  liav(?  been  had  ;  i)Ut  it  proved  mortal  in  Ave  days  after  the 
til'.  Each  of  these  men,  Kilhum  and  Peak,  had  a  .son  with  them  in  the 
Imison;  and  such  was  the  force;  opposed  to  that  army  of  Indians !  .loiiN 
j  Kii.Bi  K.N  lived  to  be  H5  years  ol'  ag«!,  and  ditul  on  the  8  April,  178!),  and  lies 
buried  in  the  Waljiole  biirying-groiin<l.  The  son  {John)  attained  the  same 
iKi'.aiid  dieil  at  his  residcMice,  in  Shrewsbury,  Vt.,  in  1822.t 

lliih  t\v(i  days  afVer  the,  battle  of  Kunker's  Hill,  there  arrived  at  Cambridge, 

hill  hiiid  quarters  of  the  Americans,  a  de|)utation  from  the  Penob.seot  Indians, 

oI'hIkiiii  the  ('(dehrated  Oro.no  was  chief     An  order  was  passed  lor  their 

eiiii ilaiiniieiit  while  there,  and  "lor  their  niturn  home."     They  came  to  t«'ii- 

Nh  ilii'lr  sirvices  to  llu!  Americans  in  tlu;  war  now  begun,  which  was  done 

t«  Om/m,  ill  a  speech  to  a  comniittiM' of  th»!  provincial  congress,  on  the  21 

jJiiiii,  177.').    "In  ludialf  of  the  whoh;  Penobscot  tribe,"  the  chief  .said,  if  the 

Ifriiv.iiiiM  s  under  which  his  people;  labored  were  removed,  they  would  aid 

IwMli  ijicir  whide  tbrce;  to  detiiid  tlu;  country.     Those  grievances  were  briefly 

IHaitil,  (111(1  consisted  chiefly  of  trespasses  by  the  whites  upon  their  timber 

l\illiiini.  (Iiiriiijr  ilio  ciifjiiifciiKMii,  had  a  dtdibcratc  sliol  al  a  large  Indian,  whom  he  saw 
|b1I,  iiii'l  hi'  iH'lifvr'd  it  was   I'liilip  liimsolf. 
t  Cliiflly  from  the  Cots.  N.  Hist.  Hoc.  ii.  52-^. 


:m 


166 


NATANIS.— SABATIS. 


[Booini 


landR,  ohcftting  them  in  trndo,  Sic  Th«  pomrnittce  returned  nn  nfTcrtinnBtf 
ad(lr<-8H  ;  and  altiioiigh  the  grcmns  of  thu  dying,  I'rnni  the  lute  terrililt-  tit'|i|„|' 
buttle,  were  Hoiuiding  in  their  earH,  they  8ny  nothing  nfM)nt  engaging  tlir  Indiunj 
in  the  war,  hut  nHHiired  them  that  "  aH  Hoon  aH  they  could  taKc  hmitii  inn,, 
their  preHent  fight,"  their  complaintH  should  receive  attention.  Some  of  11,^ 
Penolmcots  did  eventually  engage  in  the  war,  but  we  have  no  purticiilars ,,( 
them. 

We  have  said  before,*  upon  authority  which  will  generally  he;  n'r(ii,.,| 
that  JVntanui  and  Snbatis  were  the  first  IndianH  emi>loyed  by  tlm  Aiiitiicin^ 
in  the  revolution,  and  we  see  no  reaBon  yet  to  form  a  differetit  <)|iiiii<iii,;i|. 
though  our  at'ention  has  been  called  again  to  the  !<ubject,f  and  soiiu'  liui^ 
statftd  for  our  consideration,  which  have  elicited  ftirther  inveHtipiitioiiH  and 
compariHonH,  of  which  the  following  is  the  reHult.|  Of  a  chief  tiium.d  Stcmi. 
»en,  or  Swcahan,  well  known  on  the  Iwrders  of  New  Ham])sliiru  in  t|ii>  |.,(t|,j 
French  wars,  we  have  bctbre  given  some  notice; 5  at  that  time,  or  alHxit  i|,p 
close  of  thctKft  wars,  he  retired  to  St.  Frimcis.  When  the  revolution  iH)fnii,|,p 
Beems  to  have  decided  on  taking  the  part  of  the  Americans ;  ami  with  a  i;» 
followers  marched  to  Kennebeck,  and  with  some  of  the  Norrid^jcwoks  rn]- 

dezvoused  at  Cobbossee,  now  Gardiner,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cohlidss oiiia 

River.  Over  the  Norridgewoks,  or  Pcquawkets,  or  some  of  both,  wan  n  ihiri; 
named  Paul  Higpns,  who,  though  a  white  man,  bad  lived  so  loim  iiin<iii;r  In! 
dians,  that  to  allmtents  he  wos  one  of  them.  He  was  born  at  Berwick,  Inn 
htt«l  been  taken  captive  when  quite  young,  and  spent  most  of  his  dnys  W\i\\  ■ 
them.  This  company  set  out  for  Cambridge,  the  head  quarterH  of  '(.Wuml 
Wasliii}gton,  about  the  l)eginning  of  August,  1775,  under  the  direction  of  (inc 
Heuhen  Cohunu  There  were  yO  or  MO  of  them,  "and  they  were  rowed  (hmj 
in  canoes  to  Merrjtrieeting  Bay  by  their  squaws;"  here  they  IHI  thcni, mil 
proceeded  to  Cand)ridge  on  foot,  where  they  arrivc^d  about  the  |:{  Aii;'ii.i. 
They  tendered  their  services  to  the  general,  who  gave  tliem  all  the  cmm'- 
agenatnt  ho  could,  consistently,  but  evidently  advised  them  to  remain  inn. 
tnil.H  Swashnn  said  half  of  his  tribe  was  ready  to  join  the  Anierinm.s  am] 
that  four  or  five  other  tril»es  stood  ready,  if  wanted,  and  that  tlie  Caiiaiiiiuis 
were  in  favor  of  the  Americans  also;  and  this  was  the  general  o|)ini(in,an(i 
corresponds  with  accounts  given  by  intelligent  settlers  on  tlie  tmniiiN 
They  way,  "  We  have  had  positive  accounts  from  many  of  the  Indinn  tril»s 
who  have  lieen  applied  to  by  Governor  Carldon  to  distress  the  Heltleiutii!,>; 
but  they  say  they  liave  no  oft'ence  from  the  people,  and  will  not  make  wanm 
them.  The  French,  too,  say  it  is  a  war  of  our  own  raising,  mid  they  will 
have  no  part  iti  it."**     We  hear  no  more  of  Swashan. 

Of  AssACAMBUiT,  au  extended  account  has  been  given,tt  and  we  siionlii 
not  again  recur  to  him,  hut  to  correct  the  statement,  that  "nothing  was  liiaril 
of  him  from  1708  to  the  time  of  his  death."  We  have  since  found  thai  in 
1714,  he  was  at  Portsmouth,  upon  a  friendly  visit  with  several  other  Imlians, 
On  the  10  May  of  that  year,  as  the  Indians  were  about  to  leave  tlie  [liaip. 
"the  council  of  N.  H.  ordered  their  treasurer  to  furnish  him  and  his  rdiiijM- 
ions  with  necessary  provisions  and  liquors  to  carry  them  to  their  scvtral 
habitations." 


*  Page  1%,  ante,  of  (his  Book, 
t  III  a  polite  nn<t  obli 


t  III  a  polite  and  obliging  manner,  by  Wm.  S.  Bartlett,  Esq.,  of  Little  Falls,  NY. 

t  As  early  as  May   lOlh,  1775,  iho   provinrial  congress  of  Massachusetts  "  V'«(<(i,  TtiU 

!!7aptain  John  bane  nave  enlisting  papers  delivered  to  him,  for  raising  a  compan)r  of  Lt 

liniid    of     ihu    AQBluiaffl    '' 


dians  at  the  eastward.' 

,  Cols.  N.  H.  Soc.  iii.  7fi,  7. 
MS.  coinniunicalioo  of  W.  S.  Bartlktt,  Esq. 
[  Ilotta,  i.  228. 

••  Almon's  Remembrancer,  i.  147 — 149. 
\\  Book  ill.  p.  139—141. 


¥ 


BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY 


or  THB 


INDIANS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BOOK  IV. 


1/7(5] 


'5'2 


,^-._I^-„ ■  -£ 


'A 


'  ■>«!' 


.?i\i?ti 


-^!  •',.':J;I| 


BIOGRAP 


frdminanj  obsi 
the  first  Virg 
rtfre— Mesat 
Tobacco  first  c 
-Granganeb 
iaries  of  his  cc 
—Opekanlcano 
kirn  about  the  i 
fit  to  death— 
Powhatan  inci 
oTtr  to  himfn 
kill  Smith— Is 
as^iiin  saves 

ToMOCOMO. 

Tpj.  difficult 

Iroquois,  or  Fi 

partially  taken 

Thmfore,  slioi 

fiiiiily  or  natioi 

''I  I'lir  best  info 

l-'iindnry  betw^ 

lnymd  file  Ch( 

niiii  tliose  hetv 

1  Til  tlicir  respec 

lifiiimls,  ill  our 

tliat  all  the  Ind 

"I'll  to  the  Cor 

'''^•"\  the  period 

'lin  these  great 

''«'  inhabitants 

tliem  according 


Si 


8 


BOOK    IV. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY  OF   THE  SOUTHERN 

INDIANS. 


"  I  will  go  to  my  tent,  and  lio  down  in  despair ; 
I  will  paint  me  with  black,  and  will  sever  my  hair ; 
I  will  sit  on  the  shore  where  the  hurricane  blows. 
And  reveal  to  the  God  of  the  tempest  >ny  woes ; 
I  will  weep  for  a  season,  on  bittcrnc's   ed. 
For  my  kindred  are  gone  to  the  mounus  of  the  dead ; 
But  they  died  not  ^y  i.-mgor,  or  wastini;  decay  : 
The  steel  of  the  white  man  hath  awefi  them  away." 


AnOKTMOOi. 


CHAPTER  L 

frdiminary  observations  respecting  the  country  of  the  southern  Indians — Winoiwa, 
iht  frsl  Virginia  chief  known  to  the  English — Destroys  the  first  colony  settled 
(ilfre— Menatonon — Skiko — Ensenore — Second  colony  abandons  the  country — 
Tobacco  first  carried  to  England  by  them— Curious  account  of  prejudices  against  it 
-Granganemeo — His  kindnesses — His  family — His  death — Powhatan — Boun- 
iarits  of  his  country — Surprises  the  Payankatanks — Captain  Smith  fights  his  people 
-Optkankanough  takes  Shnith  prisoner — The  particulars  of  that  affair — He  marches 
jiim  about  the  country — Takes  him,  at  length,  to  Powhatan,  who  condemns  him  to  be 
ml  to  death — Smith's  life  saved  at  the  intercession  of  Pocahontas — Insolence  of 
Powhatan  increased  by  Newport' s  folly — Smith  brings  him  to  terms — A  croton  sent 
mn  to  him  from  England — /*  croioned  emperor — Speech — Uses  every  stratagem  to 
kill  Smith — Is  baffled  in  every  attempt — Smith  visits  him — Speeches — Pocahontas 
asiiin  saves  Smith  and   his  comrades  from  being  murdered    by  her  father — 

TuMOCOMO. 

fvj.  difficulty  of  rightly  partitioning  between  the  southern  nations  and  the 
Irof|iiois,  or  Five  Nations,  can  easily  be  seen  by  all  such  as  have  but  very 
partially  taken  a  survey  of  them,  and  considered  their  wandering  habits. 
Therefore,  should  we,  in  this  book,  not  always  assign  a  sachem  to  his  original 
laiiiily  or  nation,  we  can  only  plead  in  excuse,  that  we  have  gone  according 
to  our  best  information.  But  we  have  endeavored  to  draw  u  kind  of  naturtd 
kinilary  between  the  above-mentioned  nations,  distinguishing  those  people 
bfvnud  tlie  Chesapeake  and  some  of  its  tributaries,  as  the  southern  Indians, 
mill  those  between  that  boundary  and  the  Hudson,  by  the  name  Iroquois. 
I  Tn  tlicir  lespective  territories;  inland,  we  shall  not,  nor  is  it  necessary  to,  fix 
bounds,  in  our  present  business.  We  arc  aware  that  some  writJ^rs  suppose 
that  all  the  Indians,  from  the  Mississippi  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Hudson,  and 
even  to  the  Connecticut,  were  originally  of  the  same  stock.  If  this  were  the 
I'ase,  tlio  period  is  so  remote  when  they  spread  themselves  over  the  country, 
that  these  great  natural  divisions  had  long  since  caused  quite  a  difference  in 
the  inhabitants  which  they  separated ;  and  hence  the  propriety  of  noticing 
tliem  according  to  our  plan. 


I 

i 


•"I  a 


n 


If 


«>; 


^] 


,v 


Ufji 


,  r,  1 ". ''4-"' ,>i*' 


mh4M 


■'■.M'*'  aV! 


II 


WINGIN A. —SETTLEMENT  OF  VIRGINIA. 


[n*,i 


It  is  sail?  tliit  ihe  lorriioiy  from  t'i«;  rioa-ronst  to  the  River  Alleglmnv  anrf 
fr'jm  tlie  most  "outlicrn  waters  of  .Ti'n  ■;  i:.\ci-  up  to  Pntiixent,  in  tlij  star. 
of  'Vlui'>]ii:i(l,  ■    -3  inliiiUitcd  l»y  ttir<";  Uilrbrtul  nations,  and  that  the  laiini,.,,,'^^ 
of  (;'ic!i  iiirf'Tt  il  ♦'Hs  iitii.liy   from    tlie  others.    Tlie   Enj,'lish   oull«;(|  Iik"!! 
liutinn-  hy  .},»-  umn.-.s  Poichatans,  Manahoacs,  and  Monacnna;  tiieso  were 
TiirtcaroruH.      1  lie    (-«,vvliatanH  wore  tiie    most  powerful,  and  'riiisijitcd 
povcial  (iil».'p  or  coniniunities,  who  possessed  the  country  from  liie  sea-c,,' 
to  tli«!  falls  of  the  rivers.* 

To  give  a  tolerahle  catalogue  of  the  names  of  the  various  nations  cf 
Virginia,  tlie  Carolinas,  and  thence  to  the  Mississippi,  would  fiir  exccii,,,. 
plan.  We  sliall,  therefore,  pass  to  notice  the  chiefs  of  such  of  tlio*;  imiiou 
as  are  distinguislied  in  history,  pointing  out,  ly  the  way,  their  localities  ainl 
whatever  shall  appear  necessary  in  way  of  elucidation,  as  we  ])ass,  and  as  w,. 
have  done  in  the  preceding  hooks. 

VVi.NoiNA  was  fii^t  known  to  the  English  voyagers  Jlmidas  niid  linrluu- 
who  landed  in  Vir."'ira  in  the  summer  of  1584,  upon  an  island  cnlicij  iivt|„i 
Indians,  IVokokon.  They  saw  none  of  the  natives  until  the  third  dav,  {vlmi 
three  were  ohserved  in  a  canoe.  One  of  them  got  on  shore,  aiui  tlie  Kii'lis], 
went  to  him.  He  showed  no  signs  of  fear,  "l)Ut  spoke  much  to  tliciii,"^!,,!! 
went  holdly  on  hoard  the  vessels.  After  they  had  given  him  a  shin,  iiat 
wine,  and  some  meat,  "he  went  away,  an'  in  half  an  hour  he  hud  ioaijeilliis 
canoe  with  fish,"  which  he  immediately  hrought,  and  gave  to  the  Eii};li..i|i. 

Whiffina,  at  this  time,  was  confined  to  his  cahin  from  wounds  he  had  1;  liv 
received  in  huttle,  probahly  in  his  war  with  Piamacum,  a  desperate  and  bloudv 
chief. 

Uj)on  the  death  of  Granganemeo,  in  1585,  Wingina  changed  liis  name  to 
Pemissapan,  He  never  had  much  faith  in  the  good  intentions  of  the  Eii;.'lisl), 
and  to  liim  was  mainly  attributed  tlie  breaking  up  of  the  first  colony  wiiich 
settled  in  Virginia. 

It  was  v}un)  the  return  to  England  of  the  Captains  ^midas  and  Barkc. 
from  the  cmnxiry  of  Ifingina,  that  Queen  Elizabeth,  from  the  womlerliii 
accounts  of  yhat  fruitful  and  delightful  i)lace,  named  it,  out  of  resjiprt  to 
herself,  Virginia ;  she  being  called  the  virgin  queen,  from  her  livinjj  iimnar. 
ried.  )?iit„  with  more  honor  to  her,  some  liave  said,  "Because  it  still  seonied 
to  retiin  the  virgin  purity  and  plenty  of  the  first  creation,  and  tiie  ])co[ile 
their  primitive  innocencv  of  life  and  manners."  f  Waller  referred  to  this 
country  wljeu  he  wrote  this : — 

"  So  swpct  the  air,  so  moderate  the  dime, 
None  sickly  lives,  or  dies  before  his  time. 
Heav'u  sure  has  kept  this  spot  of  earlli  uncurst. 
To  show  liow  all  things  were  created  first." 

Sir  Richard  Greenvil,  stimulated  by  the  love  of  gain,  next  intruded  liiiii?clf 
upon  the  shores  of  Wingina.  It  was  he  who  committed  the  first  ontnisc 
upon  the  natives,  which  occasioned  the  breaking  up  of  the  colony  wiiioh  lie 
left  behind  him.  He  made  but  one  short  excursion  into  the  countrv,  duriiij 
which,  by  foolishly  exposing  his  commodities,  some  native  took  from  liiiiia 
silver  cup,  to  revenge  the  loss  of  which,  a  town  was  burned.  Ilelelllll!; 
men,  who  seated  themselves  upon  the  island  of  Roanoke.  Ralph  Lam,  a 
military  character  of  note,  was  governor,  and  Cajitain  Philip  Amidas,  lieiitraiuit- 
governor  of  this  colony.  They  made  various  excursions  about  the  toiiiiin, 
m  hopes  of  Jiscovering  mines  of  precious  metals;  in  which  they  were  a  Ion;: 
time  duped  by  the  Indians,  for  their  ill  conduct  towards  them,  in  coinpcllini; 
them  to  pilot  them  about,  /fiji^ma  bore,  as  well  as  he  could,  the  piinna- 
lions  of  the  intruders,  until  the  death  of  the  old  chief  Ensenore,  liin  iatlif 
Under  pretence  of  honoring  his  funeral,  lie  assemblcMl  IgOO  of  his  jjeopk, 
with  the  intention,  as  the  English  .s;iv,  of  destroying  them.  They,  thciotop', 
upon  the  information  ol'  Skiho,  hon  of  tiie  chief  Menatonon,  t  fnH  "P""  ''"".' 
and,  afler  killing  five  or  six,  the  rest  mad;  their  escape  into  the  wood!*.   Tliis 

*  From  a  rnmmnnirntiiMi  of  Secretary  Thompson  to  Mr.  Jefferson,  and  appiuled  lo  IJ* 
Notes  on  Virginia,  cd.  of  1801. 
t  StUh,  11.  \  Smith  calls  h  m  the  "  lame  king  of  Moratoc.' 


cans;  these  wn- 


CllAf.  »■] 


WINGINA.— DEATH  OF  ENSENORE. 


^ssdone  upon  the  island  where  Wngi'na  lived,  and  the  En^jlish  first  iei7x>d 
y^on  the  'jottfs  ot'  his  visiiants,  'o  prevent  their  escape  from  th.;  isiun.i,  with 
llje  intention,  no  doubt,  of  mu:tlflring  them  al'      Not  loif  ;iOer,  "  fi^'ingihn 

Ui,  vKo  0'"  the  Weopo- 
atok.'s,  "a  powerful  :iutioii,  pos3t\i«ing  all   that  country  frorn  /Jiietiu'ris 
Sound  and  Cnowuii  River,  quite  to  the  Uhosapeakcs  and  our  h'lj.  *     Af  this 
Menatonon  was  luuie,  and  is  tncntioned  as  the  most  ijensi'  'c  nn^.  'indp»'- 


jjj  entrapped  W  thr  E;i^-lisn,  o.  1  slain,  wit!«  (.ight  r«" 
Mk.wato'^on   was.  kini^  of  the  Chrw  nocks,  and  t 


-.:.      J*  X/  iS  hti 

,  niiiK'  .heady 

fel}  liciit  upon 

:.i.  ,^  ioiig  as 


standiiif;  Indian  with  whom  the  English  wen;  at  first  act|uu.j-: 

iliat  made  Laiie  and  his  followers  believe  in  the  existence  oi  • 

mentioneu.    "  So  eager  were  they,"  says  Mr.  Slith,  "and  r«:  i  • 

iliis  golden  discovery,  that  they  could  not  be  persuaded  to  rr' 

tbev  liad  f*""  I'""  ^*  *^*'™  *  •"""  '^'^j  *"f*  ^w  inastifl'  dogs,  which,  In  ing 

tioiied  with  sassafras  leaves,  might  afford  them  some  sustenance  in  their  way 

Ijark."    After  great  sufferings,  they  arrived  upon  the  coast  again. 

The  reason  why  Menatonon  deceived  the  English,  was  because  they  made 
liini  »  prisoner  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  them  in  making  discoveries. 
AlVr  lie  was  set  at  liberty,  he  was  very  kind  to  them.  Two  years  after, 
when  Governor  ff'fUte  was  in  the  cnimtry,  they  mention  his  wife  and  child  aa 
belonging  to  Croatan,  but  nothing  of  him. 

White  and  his  company  landed  at  Roanoke,  22  July,  1.587,  and  sent  20  men 
to  Croatmi,  on  Point  Lookout,  with  a  friendly  native  called  Manteo,  to  see 
ilanv  intelligence  could  be  had  of  a  former  colony  of  50  men  left  there  by 
itkichard  Greenvil.  They  learned,  from  some  natives  whom  they  met,  that 
tlie  [ipople  of  Dassamonjjeak,  on  what  is  now  Alligator  River,  had  attacked 
theni,  killed  one,  and  tlrivm  the  others  away,  but  whither  they  had  gone 
Done  could  tell.  One  of  their  present  company,  a  principal  man  of  their 
jovprninent,  had  aho  been  killed  by  the  same  Indians.  This  tribe  and 
ieveral  others  had  agreed  to  come  to  Roanoke,  and  submit  themselves  to  the 
Ecglisii;  but  not  coming  according  to  appointment,  pave  the  English  an 
opportunity  to  take  revenge  for  former  injuries.  Therefore,  Captain  Stafford 
sD(i'24  men,  with  Manteo  as  a  guide,  set  out  upon  that  business.  On  coming 
10 their  village,  "  where  seeing  them  sit  by  the  fire,  we  assaulted  them.  The 
miserable  soules  amazed,  fled  into  the  reeds,  where  one  was  shot  through, 
aiid  we  thought  to  have  been  fully  revenged,  but  we  were  deceived,  for  they 
were  our  friends  come  from  Croatan  to  gather  their  corn  ! ''  "  Keing  thus 
disappointed  of  our  i)urpose,  we  gathered  the  fruit  we  foun-.  ripe,  left  the 
rest  unspoiled,  a:;'l  took  Mpivatonon,  his  wife  with  her  child,  and  the  rest  with 
lis  to  Rounoak."  f     iiut  to  return  to  H'ingina. 

While  the  English  wei';  upon  the  errand  we  har 
Ilia  |)reten(led  to  be  theii  Iricnd,  but  deceived  t! 
Iv  "iving  notice  to  his  couUvrymen  of  their  cours- 
tlicMi  to  cut  them  oft'.     He  thought,  at  one  ti 
destroyed,  and  thereupon  scoffed  and  mocked  av 

would  tiuffer  it.  This  caused  his  father,  Ensennre,  to  j  la  tl  eir  enemies,  hut  on 
tlieir  return  he  was  their  friend  again.  He,  .'inii  iiny'>f  his  people,  now 
bilievt'd,  pay  the  voyagers,  that  "we  could  do  them  li.-  ro  imrt  being  dead, 

in  lining,  and  that,  being  nn  hundred  myles  frotn  thei/i,  shot,  and  struck 
tlieni  sick  to  death,  and  thut  wlicn  we  die  it  is  but  lor  a  time,  then  we  return 
asain."  Many  of  the  chiefs  now  came  and  submitted  theif.ielves  to  the  Eng- 
lisii,  mid,  among  otiiers,  Ensenore  was  persuaded  again  to  become  their  friend, 
who,  when  tliey  were  in  great  straits  for  pro^'isions,  came  and  planted  their 
lieliis,  iind  made  wears  in  the  streams  to  catch  fisli,  which  were  of  infinite 
lienetit  to  them.  This  was  in  the  spring  of  158(5,  'nid,  says  Lane,  "  we  not 
linviiiff  one  corn  till  tlie  next  harvest  to  sustain  us."  What  added  greatly  to 
their  distresses,  was  the  death  of  their  excellent  friend  Ensenore,  who  died 

ih  of  April  following.  The  Indians  began  anew  their  conspiracies,  and  the 
colony  availed  themselves  of  the  first  opportunity  of  returning  to  England, 


heen  sj'  uking  of,  fVin- 

n  on  ev  ry  opportunity, 

•  J  purjtose,  and  urging 

,   that  tl>e  English  were 

■h  a  God  as  theirs,  who 


*  Slilh's  Virjfinia,  14.    By  "our  bay"  is  meant  James  River  Bay. 
1  Smith's  Hist.  Virginia, 
1* 


u 


If  MM 


GRANGANEMEO.— HIS  KINDNESS  TO  THE  ENGLISH. 


[Book  IV. 


which  was  in  the  fleet,  of  Sir  Prancia  Drake,  wliich  toiiclied  tiicnj  in  its  wa» 
from  an  ex[)(;dition  against  tiie  Spaniards  in  the  West  Indies.* 

The  conduct  ol'  Lane  and  his  company  in  this  truiilesg  attempt  to  estahlij 
themselves  in  Virginia,  was,  in  tho  liighest  degree,  repreliensible.  They  im! 
to  death  some  of  the  natives  on  the  most  frivolous  charges,  and  no  wdn'],. 
they  were  driven  out  of  the  country,  as  they  ought  to  have  heen.f  ^V|||), 
they  were  there,  tliey  became  acquainted  with  the  use  of  tobacco,  and,  takini! 
it  to  England,  its  introduction  into  general  use  soon  rendered  it  a  great  anii  It. 
of  commerce.  And  here  it  will  not  he  inmroper  to  notice  how  many  ditiiniit 
persons  have  had  the  credit,  or,  j>crhaps,  I  should  say  dwcrerfi<,  of  introdncji)., 
this  "Indian  weed"  into  l^ngland  ;  as.  Sir  Francis  Drake,  Sir  Walter  Bal^i,!^ 
Ralph  Ijane,  and  some  others.  Now,  as  some  writer  observes,  tho  reader  inav 
father  it  upon  whom  he  pleases,  as  it  is  evident  Sir  Francis  Drake  took  ft«/n'/, 
Liane  and  tobacco  both  together  into  En^and  ;  and  no  one  will  dispute  iLp 
agency  of  the  gallant  knight,  Sir  Waller  Jialegh,  for  he  sent  out  Imm  m  ||j. 
em|>loy.  Mr.  John  Joaselyn,  in  his  "  Two  Voyages  to  N.  England,"  Ihw  t|ii< 
passage :  "  Others  will  liave  tobacco  to  be  firtt  brought  into  England  Irom 
Peru,  by  Sir  Francis  Drake^s  mariners." 

There  were  many  who  off'ected  a  violent  disgust  towards  the  use  of  toliar. 
CO  ;  the  most  consj)icnous  was  King  James,  whose  mind  seems  to  have  Uvn 
just  weak  enough  to  fight  windmills.  He  even  wrote  a  book  denouncing  i',s 
use  in  the  severest  terms  he  coidd  command.  It  grew  spontaneously  in  (vin. 
gandacoa,  (Virginia,)  and  the  natives  called  it  Uppowoc.  It  is  general] v  smv 
posed  to  1)0  called  tobacco  from  the  island  Tobago,  but  this  derivation  is  iiiikIi 
questioned.  | 

Granga^emeo  was  a  chief  very  favorably  spoken  of.  As  soon  as  the  arrival 
of  the  English  was  made  known  to  liim,  he  visited  them  with  about  40ot'|iis 
men,  who  were  very  (;ivil,  and  of  a  remarkably  robust  and  fine  apitearainc. 
When  they  had  left  their  bout,  and  came  upon  the  shore  near  the  xliiil 
Granganemeo  spread  a  mat  and  sat  down  upon  it.  The  English  went  to  liim 
armed,  but  he  discovered  no  fear,  and  invited  them  to  sit  down  ;  after  wiiich 
he  performed  some  tokens  of  friendship;  then  making  a  spi^ech  to  them,  they 
presented  him  with  some  toys.  None  but  ibur  of  his  people  spoke  a  wdni, 
or  sat  down,  but  maintained  the  most  perfect  silence.  On  bein^  shown  a 
pewter  dish,  he  was  much  pleased  with  it,  and  purchased  it  with  20  liicr- 
skins,  which  were  worth,  in  England,  one  hundred  shillings  sterlinj,'! !  '\y 
dish  he  used  as  an  ornament,  making  a  hoh;  through  it,  and  wearing  it  aliont 
his  neck.  While  liere,  the  English  entertained  him,  with  his  wife  ami 
child  ion,  on  board  their  ship.  His  wife  had  in  her  ears  bracelets  ol'  \m\. 
which  reached  to  her  middle.  Shortly  after,  many  of  the  people  ranieoniii 
the  country  to  trade,  "  but  when  Granganemeo  was  present,  none  durst  iriidc 
but  himself,  and  the..i  that  wore  red  copper  on  their  heads  as  lie  did."  lie 
was  ',  emarkably  exact  in  keeping  his  promise,  "  for  oft  we  trusted  him,  and 
he  would  come  within  his  day  to  keep  his  word."  And  these  voyagers  fiirtlier 
report,  that  "conmonly  he  sent  them  everyday  a  brace  of  l)iick.s,  coiiiis, 
hares,  and  fish,  and  sometimes  melons,  walnuts,  cucumbers,  pease,  and  ilivtni 
roots." 

In  th  Mr  wanderings.  Captain  Jimidas  and  seven  others  visited  tiie  island  of 
Roanoake,  where  they  found  the  family  of  Granganemeo  living  in  great  com- 
fort and  plenty,  in  a  little  town  of  nine  houses.  The  chief  was  not  at  lioine, 
"  but  his  wife  entertained  them  with  wonderful  courtesy  and  kiiidniss.  Hlie 
made  some  of  her  people  draw  their  boat  up,  to  prevent  its  being  injiirfd  hy 
the  beating  of  the  surge  ;  some  she  ordered  to  bring  them  ashore  on  their 
backs!,  and  others  to  carry  their  oars  to  the  house,  for  fear  of  bcinfj  siole. 
When  they  came  into  the  house,  she  took  oft"  their  cloatlics  and  stockins?, 
and  washed  them,  as  likewise  their  feet  in  warm  water.  When  tiieir  (liiiner 
was  ready,  they  were  conducted  into  an  inner  room,  (for  there  were  live  in 

*  Relation  of  Lane,  printed  in  Smith's  Virginia. 

t  Hernol's  Observations,  (one  of  Lane's  company,)  printed  'n  Smith. 

i  Slith's  Hist.  Virginia,  19.— See  Book  ii.  Chap.  ii. 


lU 


ENGLISH.    [Book  IV. 

nclied  thcro  in  its  way 
ndit'H.* 

SB  attemnt  to  estnbli,!, 
irehensible.  Tlicy  imt 
mrges,  and  no  woml,  r 
to  have  l)een.+  Wliij,. 
!  of  tobacco,  and,  takinj 
ulerod  it  a  great  anid" 
iice  liow  many  (litl'erciu 
diicredit,  of  intruduiin'.t 
'oke,  Sir  Walter  Rdieh, 
ibsorves,  tlie  reader  mav 
ancia  Drake  inok  Hulfk 
no  one  will  dis|)iitc  tk 
he  sent  out  Lane  in  |ii$ 
>  N.  England,"  lias  tliis 
ght  into  England  trom 

words  the  use  of  toliao. 
ind  seems  to  liavi;  litvn 
)  a  book  denouiiciiij!  \u 
V  spontaneously  in  Win- 
100.  It  is  generally  sii|>. 
t  tliis  derivation  is  nmch 

;    As  soon  as  the  arrival 
em  with  about  4U  uf  his 
ist  and  fine  apitenrainf, 
le  shore  near  the  A\\\\ 
.'he  English  went  to  liim 
to  sit  down  ;  after  which 
Iff  a  speech  to  them,  llipy 
US  people  spoke  a  wdrii, 
ice.     On  being  .«liowiia 
■chased  it  with  20  dwr- 
lillings  sterling! !   The 
it,  and  wearing  it  aiioiit 
lini,  with  his  witi;  ami 
ears  bracelets  ot'  |*arl, 
the  people  ranieontii 
)resent,  none  durst  inide 
heads  as  he  did."   lie 
oft  we  trusted  him,  anil 
ui  these  voyagers  further 
brace  of  bticks,  coiiii;!, 
nibers,  i)easo,  and  divtrs 


ir 


lers  visited  the  island  ot' 
eineo  living  in  great  com- 
3  chief  was  not  at  home, 
■tesy  and  kindness,  ^he 
,feut  its  being  injured  hy 
ig  theui  ashore  on  their 
for  fear  of  being  stole, 
cloathes  and  stockiiifts, 
iter.  When  their  dinner 
[U,  (for  there  were  live  ia 


printed  n  Smitli. 


^^f_  1]  DEATH  OF  MANTEO.— POWHATAN.  7 

^e  house,  divided  by  mats,)  where  they  found  hominy,*  boiled  venison,  and 
rosHted  fish;  and,  as  a  desert,  melon,s,  boiled  roots,  and  fruits  of  various  sorts. 
While  they  were  at  meat,  two  «)r  three  of  her  men  came  in  with  their  bows 
•ndaiTuws,  which  made  the  English  take  to  their  arms.  Hut  slu  ,  perceiving 
their  distrust,  ordered  their  bows  and  arrows  to  be  broken,  and  themselves  to 
beljeuten  out  of  the  gate.  In  the  evening,  the  English  returned  to  their  boat; 
jiiJ  putting  a  little  otf  from  shore,  lay  at  anchor  ;  at  whicn  she  was  nuich 
concerned,  and  Itrought  their  su|)per,  half  boiled,  pots  and  all  to  the  shore: 
and  w'eing  their  jeaiou.sy,  she  ordered  several  men,  and  liO  women,  to  sit  all 
oiifiit  upon  the  shore,  as  u  guard  :  and  sent  five  mats  ti>  cover  them  from  tho 
weaiher."t  Well  hath  the  poet  denuinded,  "Call  ye  them  savage.^"  W  the 
ffitt'  of  Gratij^aneineo  was  savage,  in  the  connuon  acceptation  of  the  term, 
wlitre  shall  w(!  look  for  civilization  ? 

<\rR.  Greenvil,  having  arrived  on  the  coast  in  l.'iS.'i,  anchored  off  the  island 
Wokdkon,  2l)  May,  and,  by  means  of  Manleo,  hud  some  intercourse  with  the 
iiihaliitauts.  At  liatteras,  where  they  staid  u  short  time,  soon  after,  Gran- 
immto,  with  Manteo,  went  on  board  their  ships.  This  was  the  last  visit  lie 
made  to  the  English,  for  lu;  died  very  soon  afler. 

Tills  nuist  close  our  account  of  the  excellent  family  of  Gravf^ammeo,  and 
wouhi  that  the  account  of  the  English  woidd  balance  as  well, — but  they  exhibit 
tlieirown, — aiul  one  item  more  from  it,  and  we  close  the  comparison.  For  a 
jniall  kettle  they  took  .50  skins,  worth  in  England  £ia  10s.  sterling.]: 
We  have  now  arrived  at  the  mo.«t  interesting  articU;  in  Virginia  history. 
Powhatan  was,  of  all  the  chie'ls  of  his  age,  the  most  funu)iis  in  tho  regions 
of  Virginia.  Tlie  English  su|tpo.sed,  at  first,  that  his  was  the  name  of  tho 
countrj ;  a  common  error,  as  we  have  seen  in  several  cases  in  the  pr(>vious 
bwiksof  our  biography,  but,  in  this  case,  unlike  the  others,  the  error  i)re- 
vailed,  and  a  part  of  his  peoph;,  ever  after  the  settlement  of  the  English,  were 
called  the  Pmohatans.  A  gr(!at  river,  since,  called  the  James,  aiul  a  bay  re- 
ceived his  name  also.  §  lie  had  three  brothei-s,  Opitchepan,  Opekankanovfrh, 
and  Caiatanugh,  and  two  sisters.  His  |)rincipal  residence  was  at  a  place 
called  Werowocomoco,  when  the  English  came  into  the  coimti-y ;  which  was 
uiwn  the  north  side  of  what  is  now  York  River,  in  the  county  of  Gloucester, 
nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  Uuecn's  Creek,  and  about  25  miles  below  the 
fork  of  die  river.  [|  lie  lived  here  imtil  the  English  began  to  intrude  them- 
selves hito  his  vicinity,  when  he  took  up  his  residence!  at  Orakakes. 

Powhatan  was  not  his  Indian  name,  or  rather  (u-iginal  luime ;  that  was 
}hhunsonacocL  He  is  described  as  tall  and  well-pro|)ortioned — iujaring  an 
a.«|iiet  of  sadness — exceedingly  vigorous,  and  possessing  a  body  capable  of 
Mistaiiiing  great  hardships.  He  was,  in  lt)07,  about  (iO  years  of  age,  and  his 
hair  was  considerably  gray,  which  gave  him  a  majestic  a|>pe)U'ance.  At  his 
wideiice,  he  had  a  kind  of  wooden  form  to  sit  upon,  and  his  oriuimental 
robe  was  of  raccoon  skins,  and  his  head-dress  was  composeil  of  many  feath- 
ers wioiiglit  into  a  kind  of  crown.  He  swayed  many  nations  upon  the  gnsat 
rivi  i-s  and  bays,  the  chief  of  whom  he  had  coiupieied.  He  originidly  claimed 
only  ihe  places  called  Powhatan,  (since  luuned  Haddihaddocks,)  Arrohattoek, 
iiiii«  .\|»|)oiuattox,)  Youghtauund,  Pamimky,  Mattapony,  Werowocomoco, 
and  Kiskiak;  at  which  time,  his  chief  seat  was  at  Powhatan,  near  the  falls  of 
James  River.  But  when  he  had  extended  his  con(|uests  a  great  way  north, 
lu  removed  to  Werowocomoco,  as  a  move  commodious  situation. 

.\t  the  tertnination  of  his  warlike  career,  the  country  U|)on  James  River, 
friiia  its  mouth  to  the  falls,  and  all  its  branches,  was  the  boundary  of  his 
toiiiitry, southerly — and  so  acr^'  w  the  country,  "nearly  as  high  as  the  Udls  uf 
all  the  great  rivers,  over  Potovvmack,  even  to  Patuxeut,  in  Maryland,"  and 


'■'.Mood  made  of  Indian  corn,  or  maize,  beaten  a'  1  carefully  husked,  something  like 
liinni  Iv  ill  I-'iifrland  ;  and  is  an  excellent  dish  various  ways." 

tNiV/i's  Hist.  Virginia,  10,  11.  t  Smith's  HisU  Virginia. 

rriicsp,  according  to  Heckewelder,  Philos.  Trans.  31,  should  have  l»een  called  Fowhatlian, 
'whiih  would  signit'v  ilie  river  of  progeny    fruilfulness,  the  (riiilfid  river.'' 

|1  .\hi)ui  iwo  miles  below  where  Richmond  now  stands.  The  farm  of  a  gendeman  of  the 
aamc  «( Mayo  included  the  site  of  a  pari  of  his  town,  in  ]813.— Campbell's  Virginia. 


w 


W. 


I'      \      '4 -■''■.-iiufk 


,-•  ■  ■-■     .       ■  .    ■      I  *^  ?   ■ 


I,    ■  ■         %*  'I 


8 


POWHATAN.— SURPRISES  PAYANKATANK. 


[Hook  IV. 


some;  of  the  nntioiiH  on  tlic  north  shore  of  tlie  CheBopcnke.  His  doniiiii,)|« 
according  to  \m  luw  of  HiicccHHion,  did  not  fall  to  hi8  children,  hut  to  li^ 
brother*',  nnd  then  to  liiH  HiMtern,  (the  oldcHt  first,)  thence  to  the  heirs  of  ihe 
oldest ;  Itiit  never  to  tiie  lieirs  of  the  mules. 

He  usually  kept  a  ^imrd  of  40  or  .W  of  the  most  resolute  nnd  well.f„n,i,.,| 
men  »il»oiit  him,  especially  when  he  slept;  hut,  iitler  the  English  cnnin  into  Ijjj 
country,  he  increust;d  them  to  almut  200.  He  had  as  many,  and  such  woimi, 
as  he  pleased  ;  and,  when  he  slept,  one  sat  at  his  head  and  another  ut  his  i;.,, 
When  he  was  tired  of  any  of  his  wives,  he  bestowed  them  upon  surh  of  i,,^ 
men  as  most  jileased  him.  Like  the  New  F.ngland  duel's,  he  had  iiiniiy  |ilnr,^ 
when;  he  passed  certain  seasons  of  the  year ;  ut  some  of  which  he  hnd  v,,r^ 
spacious  wigwams,  30  or  40  yards  in  extent,  where  he  had  victuals  providdl 
against  his  coming. 

In  1«)0H,  he  surprised  the  people  of  Payankatank,  who  were  his  nriglilHir^ 
and  subjects.  Captain  Smith,  in  the  accoimt,  "irn't  with  his  otcn  hand,'^  savi, 
«  the  occasion  was  to  vs  vnknowne,  but  the  manner  was  thus."  He  mn  st'v! 
cral  of  his  men  to  loilge  with  them  the  night  on  which  he  meant  to  tiijl  ii|K,n 
them  ;  then,  secretly  surroimding  them  in  their  wigwams,  commence<l  a  Imrriil 
slaughter.  They  killed  24  men,  took  off"  their  scalps,  and,  with  the  wonun 
and  children  prisonei-s,  returned  to  the  sachem's  village.  The  8cal|i»  ihn- 
exhibited  upon  u  line  l)etwcen  two  trees,  as  a  trophy,  and  the  toermanct  (ihcir 
name  of  a  chief)  and  his  wife  Powhatan  made  his  servants. 

Up  to  the  year  1()07,  every  attempt  to  settle  a  colony  hi  Virginia  had  fuiled; 
and,  at  this  time,  wouhl  have  failed  also,  but  for  the  unexampled  iwrsevirdiire 
of  one  man.  I  need  but  pronounce  the  name  of  Captain  John  Smith.  The 
colony  with  which  ho  came  did  not  arrive  until  the  planting  season  was  over; 
and,  in  a  short  time,  tliey  found  thetnselves  in  a  suff^ering  condition,  from  wiint 
of  suitable  provisions.  Smith,  therefore,  undertook  to  gain  a  supply  by  traffick- 
ing with  the  Indians  back  in  the  country,  who,  being  acquainted  with  his 
situation,  hisulted  him  and  his  men  wherever  they  cunie;  offitring  him  bma 
handful  of  corn,  or  a  piece  of  bread,  for  a  gun  or  a  sword.  "  But  soeiiii;  bv 
tratle  and  courtesie  there  was  nothing  to  be  had,  he  made  bold  to  try  siirii 
conclusions  as  necessitie  inforced,  though  contrary  to  his  commission."  !*o 
he  fired  upon  them,  and  drove  them  into  the  woods.  He  then  marched 
to  their  village.  There  they  found  corn  u)  abundance,  which,  after  mm 
rnanoBuvring,  he  succcfded  in  trading  for,  and  returned  with  a  supply  to 
Jamestown. 

Smiths,  soon  after,  proceeded  to  discover  the  source  of  the  Chikalianianii 
When  iie  had  passed  up  as  far  as  rt  »vas  navigable  for  his  barge,  he  let\  it  in  a 
wide  place,  at  a  sale  distance  from  the  shore,  imd  ordered  his  men  not  to  so 
on  shore  on  any  condition.  Taking  two  of  his  own  men  and  two  Indians,  lie 
proceeded  to  complete  his  discovery.  As  soon  as  he  was  gone,  his  men  went 
on  shore  ;  one  was  killed,  and  the  rest  hardly  esciiiHid.  Smith  was  now  '20 
miles  into  the  wilderness.  Optkankanoiigh,  with  300  warriors,  having  it-anud, 
from  ih«;  men  they  had  Just  taken,  which  way  he  was  gone,  Ibliowed  al'tir  him, 
and  came  upon  the  two  Englishmen  belonging  to  his  company,  and  killiil 
them  Ijoth  while  asleep,  he  being  absent  to  shoot  some  fowls  for  provissions; 
they  then  continued  their  pursuit  after  him.  He  was  not  fur  from  liis  mm 
and  endeavored  to  retreat  to  it,  but,  iKMUg  hard  pressed,  made  a  sliiold  ot'  mt 
of  his  Indians,  and,  in  tliis  manner,  Ibiight  upon  the  retreat,  imtil  he  had  kiilnl 
three,  and  wounded  (livens  others.  Being  oblig(>d  to  give  all  his  utteniimi  w 
his  pursuers,  he  accidentally  fell  into  a  creek,  where  the  inud  was  so  dwpiha; 
he  could  not  extricate  him,selt'.  Even  now,  none  dared  to  lay  hantls  upon  him; 
and  those  whom  their  own  mimbers  ibrced  nearest  to  him,  were  oii't'nTdin 
trend)le  with  fear.  The  Indian  he  had  bound  to  his  arm  with  \m  p\r\erf. 
doubtless  saved  liiin  from  being  killed  by  tlitur  arrows,  from  wiiicli,  owin^'to 
his  Indian  shield,  he  received  but  v(>ry  little  hurt,  except  a  wound  in  lii^ 
thigh,  though  his  clothes  were  shot  full  of  them. 

When  he  could  stand  no  loiigci  in  the  mire,  without  perishing  witli  rnid, 
he  threw  away  his  arms,  and  suffered  them  to  come  and  take  liiin.  AMtr 
pulling  him  out  of  the  mire,  they  took  him  to  the  place  where  his  men  had 
just  been  killed,  where  there  was  a  fire.    They  now  showed  hun  kindness. 


Ciif-  1-1 


POWHATAN.— SMITH'S  CAPTIVITY. 


9 


were  \m  wyghU^j^ 
his  oion  hand,''  >i«vi, 
thus."  Ho  8(.|it  st"\! 
e  meant  to  lull  upon 
coinnieiiced  a  liorrid 
ml,  with  the  womm 
).     The  senilis  tin  y 

the  toerowana  (their 

IS. 

I  Virginia  had  failed; 
ainpled  iwreevfraiiro 
1  John  Smith.  TIip 
ing  season  was  over; 
condition,  from  want 
1  a  supply  hy  traflick- 
acquainted  with  his 
;  offering  him  hut  a 
ird.  "  But  soeiiiff  by 
tiade  bohl  to  try  surh 
lis  coinniissioii."  !«o 
He  then  marchod 
whirh,  after  !*nme 
id  with  a  Biipjily  to 

)f  the  Chiknliaiimnii 
s  barge,  he  left  it  in  a 
red  his  men  not  to;o 
1  and  two  Indians,  he 
s  gone,  his  men  wint 
Smith  WHS  iio-,v  '20 
rriors,  having  leariu'd, 
le,  followed  ultiTliiiii, 
company,  nnd  kilW 
fowls  for  provisions; 
t  fur  from  liis  raiiw, 
made  a  shield  of  ™e 
■at,  until  he  had  kilW 
ivc  all  his  utteniidii  •'> 
mud  was  so  deejithat 
I  lay  hands  upon  him; 
lim,  were  oli:i'nc(l  w 
irm  with  his  jrarifi^, 
fi-om  wliifh,  owiii^'io 
ce[)t  a  wound  in  his 


nblmig  his  benumbed  limbs,  aiul  warming  him  by  the  fire.  Hu  asked  for 
gj^lrrliii'f,  and  Opekankanouf^h  a|)|ieared,  to  wliom  he  gave  a  small  compass. 
Xliis amused  them  exceedingly.  "Much  they  marvelled  at  tlie  playing  of  thu 
l\  and  iicedle,  which  they  coidd  see  so  plainiv,  arul  yet  not  touch  it,  because 
oi'the  gln^**  that  <;over(Ml  them.  Kiit  when  he  demonstrated,  iiy  that  glolnvlike 
ifwtll,  tlic  roimduesse  of  the  earth,  and  skies,  the  spheare  of  the  smme,  and 
3i,i(ine,  and  starres,  and  liow  the  siume  did  chase  the  night  romul  about  the 
Biirhl,  coiitiimally — the  greatnesse  of  the  huid  ami  sea,  the  diversity  of  tho 
jjiioim,  varietie  of  complexions,  and  how  wo  were  to  them  antipodes,  and 
niaiiv  other  such  like  matters,  they  uU  stood  as  amazed  with  admiration!" 
Wuiotwithstiuiding  be  had  siu'li  success  in  explainuig  to  them  his  knowhtdgc 
ot' t.Toirniphy  Hud  astrou(Muy,  (how  nuich  of  it  they  understood  we  will  not 
tiiidtrtake  to  say,)  within  an  hour  alter,  they  tied  him  to  a  tree,  and  a  multittidu 
oi'tlieni  stsemed  jirepared  to  shoot  him.  JJut  wlmn  their  bows  were  bent, 
l)mkankanoufih  held  up  his  compass,  ami  tlu^y  all  laid  down  their  wea[)ons. 
jii,\  now  led  him  to  Orapakas,  or  Orakakes,  a  temporal^  seat  of  Potvhnlan^ 
on  the  north  side  of  Chikahominy  swamp,  in  what  is  now  Gloucester  county 
on  York  river.*     Here  they  feaste«l  him,  and  treated  him  well. 

Wilt  n  they  marcluul  him,  th«;y  drew  tiiemselves  up  in  a  row,  with  their 
tiiieiiii  the  midst,  l)efore  whom  the  gmis  and  swords  they  bad  taken  from  tho 
EiiL'lish  were  borne.  Smith  came  next,  led  by  three  great  men  liold  «)f  each 
arm,  and  on  each  side  six  more,  with  their  arrows  uotclied,  and  ready,  if  ho 
ijiotild  attenijit  to  escape.  At  the  town,  they  danced  and  sung  aboiu  liim,  and 
fell  put  him  into  a  large  lioiise,  or  wigwam.  Here  they  kept  him  so  well, 
iliat  he  thought  they  were  liitting  him  to  kill  and  eat.  They  took  him  to  a 
iiok  man  to  cure  iiim  ;  but  he  told  them  be  could  not,  ludess  they  would  let 
iiiiii  gu  to  Jamestown,  and  get  something  with  which  he  could  do  it.  This 
lliey  would  not  consent  to. 

the  taking  of  Jamestown  was  now  resolved  upon,  and  they  made  great 
prfpnratioiis  for  it.  To  this  end,  they  endeavored  to  get  Smith's  assistance, 
bv  making  large  j)romises  of  lantl  an(l  women  ;  but  lie  told  them  it  could  not 
!>;  done,  and  described  to  them  the  great  difficulty  of  the  undertaking  in  such 
a  maimer  that  they  were  greatly  terrified.  With  the  idea  of  procuring  some- 
iking  ciirioiis.  Smith  prevailed  upon  some  of  them  to  go  to  Jamestown  ;  which 
journey  they  performed  in  the  most  severe  frosty  and  snowy  weather.  By 
liiis  means,  he  gave  the  people  there  to  understanil  what  his  situation  was,  and 
(that  was  intended  against  them,  by  sending  a  leaf  from  his  pocket-book,  with 
afi'wwords  written  upon  it.  He  wrote,  also,  for  a  few  articles  to  be  sent, 
nliifh  were  duly  lirought  by  the  messengers.  Nothing  had  caused  such 
asonishinent  as  their  bringing  tlie  very  articles  Smith  had  promised  them. 
Tliat  he  could  talk  to  his  friends,  at  so  great  a  distance,  was  utterly  incompre- 
k'lisihle  to  them. 

Iking  obliged  to  give  up  the  idea  of  destroying  Jamestown,  they  amused 
tleniselvcs  by  taking  their  captive  from  place  to  [)lace,  in  great  pomj)  and 
tniimph,  and  showing  him  to  the  different  nations  of  the  dominions  of  Potv- 
kdm.  They  took  him  to  Youghlannund,  since  called  Pamunkey  River,  the 
country  over  which  Opekwikanough  was  chief,  whose  principal  residence 
was  where  the  town  ot  Pamunkey  since  was  ;  thence  to  the  Mattaponies, 
Piankatanks,  the  Nautaughtacunds,  on  Rappahauock,  the  Nomuiies,  on  the 
Painwmack  River  ;  thence,  in  a  circuitous  course,  through  several  other 
nations;,  kick  again  to  the  residence  of  Opekankanough.  Here  they  practised 
t'oiijiirations  upon  him  for  three  successive  days ;  to  ascertain,  as  they  said, 
«ii('iher  he  intended  them  good  or  evil.  This  proves  they  viewed  him  as  a 
kind  of  god.  A  bag  of  gunpowder  having  fallen  into  their  hands,  they  pre- 
»r»(l  it  with  great  care,  thinking  it  to  be  a  grain,  intending,  in  the  spring,  to 
plant  it,  as  they  did  corn.  He  was  here  agaiai  feasted,  and  none  could  eat 
until  he  Imd  done. 

Hiiiig  now  satisfied,  having  gone  through  all  the  manaiivres  and  pranks 
liili  iiim  they  could  think  of,  they  proceeded  to  Potohatan.      'Here  more  than 

0  of  those  grim  courtiers  stood  wondering  at  him,  as  he  had  been  a  monster, 

*  Bancroft's  Hist.  U.  States,  i.  146. 


..     .■«'»■ 
I  '  "i?"'  -t  'i 


to 


POTAIIONTAS  SAVES  THE  LlPtS  OF  SMITH. 


{IWi.i  If 


till  Powhatan  ntiil  liin  trayno  hod  put  them»elvo«  in  th«ir  ((rcnt^Rt  bnivcrj,.,  > 
ll(!  wns  Mtati«l  iM'foro  n  firr,  upon  a  wnt  liko  a  iMulHtond,  huvinf(  on  n  roU' nf 

le  tnyl      '        •    -■     "     '»-      -  '      • 

car.li 


rncc'ooii  skiMM,  "and  all  \\\v  tnylcH  hanf^ing  hy."     On  «acli  Hidt;  of  hin,  m, 

I  Bidf  of  till)  liouw!  two  n»WM  of  mcii,  nnrj  w||k 


youn^'  woman  ;  and  niton 

BH  many  women  IM-Iund  th«-in.  TIm;ho  lant  had  their  hcadH  and  t^lioiililfni 
paintt'd  red — sorno  of  whoHo  UviuU  wen)  adorned  with  white ilown  ;  nriil  iilMiiit 
their  nerkH  white  In-adH.  On  Smithes  being  brought  into  the  iircmni c  of 
Potchalan,  all  pn'sent  joined  in  a  great  phout.  "The  queen  of  Apnnmtiirk  wiw 
appointed  to  bring  him  water  to  wasli  hiH  hands,  and  another  broii);|it  In,,, , 
bimeh  of  f«;atherH,  instead  of  a  towel,  to  dry  them."  Tiien,  having  fiiiNri'd  |ii,„ 
again,  "aOer  their  lN*Ht  barbarouH  manner  they  coidd,  a  long  eonHiiltiiiiori  »,,(, 
held,  but  the  eonehiHion  wan,  two  great  Htonew  were  brought  iK'fore  Powhiiian 
— then  an  many  ax  roidd  lay  liandH  on  him,  dnigged  him  to  them  niiil  ilu  ri,iii 
laid  his  hea<l,  and  iM-iuf  ready,  with  their  clubH,  to  beat  out  his  brains,  /Vq. 
hontna,  the  kingV  dearebt  daughter,  when  no  entreaty  eoidd  prevnil,  i<u{  |,y 
head  in  her  amies,  and  luiu  \  -r  own  upon  his,  to  save  him  from  ileitth." 

Powhntnn  was  unable  to  11  Mist  the  extraordinary  Holieitatioimaiid  HyiM|iiit||fiir 
entreaties  of  his  kind-hearted  little  daughter,  and  thus  wan  saved  tin-  lif,.  of 
Captain  Smilh  ;  a  ebaracter,  who,  without  this  ostoniHhing  deliverunci',  wm 
Bunieieiitly  ren«)Wii<'d  for  escapes  and  adventures. 

The  old  Haehem,  having  set  the  senti-nce  of  deatli  aside,  made  up  |,i.H  mimi 
to  employ  Smith  as  an  artisan  ;  to  make,  for  himself,  rolx's,  shoes,  Iioh.s,  nrrdHJ 
and  pots ;  and,  for  Pocahontas,  bells,  beads,  and  eopper  trinkets.  Pnwhntim'i 
son,  named  JVantaijuaus,  was  very  friendly  to  Smith,  and  rendered  iiiiti  iiKiny 
important  services,  as  well  after  as  tluring  his  captivity. 

"Two  days  after,  Powhatan,  having  disguised  himself  in  the  most  frftrfiiHisi 
monner  hccouiti,  caused  Captain  Smith  to  Im;  brought  forth  to  a  great  lioiistin 
the  woods,  and  there,  upon  a  mat  by  the  (ire,  to  be  left  alone.  Not  lon^f  nlW, 
from  behindo  a  mat  that  divided  the  house,  was  made  the  most  (loliliil|,>t 
noyse  he  ever  heard  ;  then  Powhatan,  more  like  a  Devill  than  a  man,  with 
Bome  200  more,  as  black  as  himselfe,  came  unto  him,  and  told  iiini,  now  tliev 
were  friends ;  and  presently  be  should  go  to  Jamestowne,  to  wikI  liim  two 
great  (jiinnes,  and  a  gryndestone,  for  which  he  would  give  him  the  roimtn  (if 
Capaliowosick  [Capahowsiek],  and  fon^ver  esteem  liim  his  Sonne,  .(Vfln/u(yu«mi. 
So  to  Jamestowne,  with  V2  guides,  Powhatan  sent  him.  That  night  ihcv 
quartered  in  the  woods,  he  still  ex|)ectiiig,  (as  he  bad  done  all  this  lung  time  of 
his  imprisonment,)  every  hour  to  be  jiut  to  one  death  or  another."  Earlvthe 
next  morning,  they  came  to  the  tiirt  at  Jamestown.  Here  he  treated  his 
guides  with  tlie  greatest  attention  and  kindness,  and  offered  RawhunI,  in  a 
jesting  manner,  and  for  the  sake  of  a  little  sport,  a  huge  mill-stono,  uiidtwo 
demi-culverins,  or  nine  pound  cannons,  to  take  to  Powhatan,  his  niiister;  \\m 
fiAJiUing  his  engagement  to  seaid  him  u  grindstone  and  two  gims.  This 
Raichunt  was  a  sadiem  under  Potvhatan,  and  one  of  his  most  faithful  ra|)tain.s 
and  who,  it  seems,  accompanied  Smith  in  his  return  out  of  captivity. 

"  They  found  them  somewhat  too  heavie,  but  when  they  did  see  him  dis- 
charge them,  being  loaded  with  stones,  among  the  boughs  of  a  great  tnf 
loaded  with  isirkles,  the  yce  and  branches  came  so  tumbling  down,  that  ilic 
poore  salvages  ran  away  half  dead  with  feur.  But,  at  last,  we  regained  mm 
conference  with  them,  and  gave  them  such  toyes,  and  sent  to  Potvhatun,  liis 
women,  and  children,  such  jtresents,  and  gave  them  in  generall  fiill  content."' 

Potvhatan  was  now  completely  in  the  Ehiglish  interest,  and  almost  even 
other  day  sent  his  daughter,  Pocahontas,  with  vi«;tuals,  to  JniiK'stown,  ofHliiiii 
they  were  greatly  in  need.  Smith  hud  told  Powhatan  ihat  a  great  chief,  wiiicli 
was  Captain  JVeicport,  would  arrive  from  England  about  I  lint  time,  wliiih 
coming  to  pass  as  lie  had  said,  greatly  increased  his  admiration  oi  the  wisdom 
of  the  English,  and  he  was  ready  to  do  as  they  desired  in  every  thing,  mi 
but  for  the  vanity  and  ostentation  of  JVetoport,  mattei-s  would  have  gm:i'  "ii 
well,  and  trade  flourished  greatly  to  their  advantage.  But  he  lavished  so  many 
presents  upon  Poio/ia/an,  that  he  was  in  no  woy  inclined  to  trade,  and  >oon 

*  This  is  Ciiptnin  Smith's  own  account,  which  I  shall  follow  minutely ;  adding  occasioiiall' 
from  Stitli,  to  illustrate  (he  geography  of  the  country. 


IITII.  [Boo,  ly 

(fn-nf'Ht  bnivcrirn.* 
huviiiR  on  n  roli..  of 

I  Huld)  of  liiiii  wt  a 

WM  of  IIM'll,  llllll  wiih 

ivailn  niid  Kli(iii|i||.p, 
ite  ilowii ;  mid  alHuit 
ito  tlif  iircwiicc  (if 

II  of  A|mrimtiirk  wiw 
)tlicr  broiiftlit  liirii « 
1,  tiuviiiK  tt'iiHtcij  liini 
DDK  coiimiltittiiiii  WM 
ght  In-fon;  I'nwhatan 
to  tli«>iM  iiikI  iliirinn 
out  liiH  hriiiiis,  I'nm- 
[•ould  prcviiil,  t"it  Lu 
11  from  dentil," 
tioim  and  Hyiii|iiitlic>ii> 
wufl  wivcd  tin-  life  (if 
ling  deliveruncc,  wy 

dfi,  made  ii|i  liin  iniml 
8,  hIioc'H,  liows,  nmiHJ, 
triiikftH.  Potehnkn'i 
I  rendered  liiiii  many 

'  in  the  most  fpBrfnIli  st 
rth  to  a  prat  house  in 
alone.    Not  lon|{  (ifli'r, 
e  the  most  dolt'lullist 
tvill  than  a  man,  with 
ind  told  him,  now  they 
wiie,  to  send  liitn  two 
|ve  him  tlie  roniitn  nf 
lis  Sonne,  Xantwiuoni 
iin.     Tliat  niglit  tlicy 
lie  all  this  loiij!  tiinr  of 
ir  another."    Early  the 
Here  h»!  treatod  his 
oftered  Rawhmt,  in  a 
ge  mill-stone,  aiul  two 
atan,  his  master ;  ilms 
and   two  puis.    This 
most  faitlifid  captains, 
of  captivity, 
they  did  see  liiiii  di:*- 
Muiglis  of  a  gnat  tr^e 
iidiling  down,  that  the 
ast,  we  regniiiPii  sonic 
sent  to  Poichakm,  lil* 
genernll  full  content." ' 
rest,  and  almost  evin 
o  Jarii«-'Stowii,ot'«hii'li 
lata  great  chief,  wliifli 
bout  that  time,  wiiich 
riiralion  ot  the  wisdcni 
I  ill  every  thing,  'M 
would  have  gum'  "n 
,ut  he  lavished  so  many 
ned  to  trade,  and  ^oon 


uitely ;  adding  occasi 


onally 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


V. 


1.0 


145 


I.I 


■  2.8 

■  50     "^™ 

us 


2.5 


2.2 


■^  i^ 


1.25 


1.8 


U_  IIIIII.6 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


A 


f\ 


S 


V 


N> 


<^ 


^ 


^ 


V  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTISR,  N.Y.  M580 

(716)  872-4503 


<.- 


i/.A 


Zj 

% 


i 

10 

i 

POCAHONTAS  SAVES  THE  LIFE  OF  SMITH.          [ 

1 
i 

i 

! 

i 

1 

r 

i 

1 
1 
i 
1 

■    i 

1 
! 

i 
1 

I 

1 

,1==r-.:r-:z  ^~.":^r==^        /iV//./  I'(i\vll;l  I  :ill   i  •  I II ,  I II  i/.s  I'.Slllitll    /,■/,• //,ll-lli\ /lis 

f  l,iii,ilitii  li ik.ilioiilas  /•y>'"  /lis  ///#'•  /ii.s  t/i,iii/ijii//iiffs 
iiii,/  /ifW  /i,-  sii/'ifit,;/  :;,i  ifl/i,'ii/;Jii'i^  iviii/i'  r  /ii//fTy 


I'liiiiiifi'i/  //■'■///  ///,■   I'liiHihi/  ii\  /'ii/'/is/ii(/  /'If  i.ir'  Smith  /iiiiisf/i'. 


w 


%l 


jtr  /si 


Car.  I.] 

began  to  8 
or  bis  con 
ByMu 
pains  to  a( 
his  grea. 
chief  agaii 
went  to  Pi 
himself  80 
admire  his 
trade  as  hit 
whatever  h 
and  told  A 
jtlf  as  (lign 
when  it  wa 
the  chief, 
upon  tradic 
in  this  ped 
vrerowance 
ie  I  will 
Accordingly 
about  three 


tViwport. 

if  it  add  I 
the  cliaractf 
For,  with  a 
iccident,  anc 
were  of  gret 
It  this  time, ; 
so  infatuated 
to  give  all  1 
relation,  "fo 
Of300bushe 
An  Engiis 
language,  mi 
Powhatan  et 
capacity,  wh< 
with  Captain 
■Jre  he  sent  h 
((ranted.    Sh 
return ;  but, 
ever  they  co 
i>eing  robbet 
tleir  depredj 
learned  that 
•Wt  to  massa 
te  sent  Poca 
misciiief  was 
fideavor  to 
MDseiited  :o, 
^OKi\,  whi( 
On  the  lOi 
i^twpoH,  goii 
the  colony^  fr 
"xii  'imohg  o 
for  his  coronr 
•Jun  ever.    / 
•  nation  with 
•«ai"8t,  if  lie 
"ivit*-  him  to 
"igatWerow 
""your  kiu 


CiUP-  J] 


POWHAl AN.— NEWPORT'S  FOLLY. 


U 


jiegan  to  show  his  haughtinesB,  by  demanding  five  times  the  value  of  an  article, 
or  his  contempt  for  wliat  wus  oftbred. 

By  Mtoport's  impradenre  and  folly,  what  had  cost  Smith  so  much  toil  and 
pjins  to  achieve,  was  blown  away  by  a  single  breath  of  vanity.  Nevertheless, 
ills  grea.  mind,  contmually  exercised  in  difficult  matters,  brought  the  subtle 
chief  again  to  his  own  terms.  Himself,  with  JVewport,  and  about  20  othei-s, 
veut  to  Powhata»^3  residence  to  tradfc  witli  him.  "  Wherein  Powhatan  carried 
himself  so  proudly,  yet  discreetly,  (in  his  salvage  manner,)  as  made  us  all  to 
admire  his  natural  gifts."  He  pi-etended  that  it  was  far  beneath  his  dignify  to 
iradt  as  his  men  did.  Thus  his  craft  to  obtain  from  JVeicport  his  goods  for 
ffbatcver  he  pleased  to  give  in  return.  Smith  saw  through  Powhatan's  craft, 
and  told  JVeioport  how  it  would  turn  out,  but  being  determined  to  show  him- 
self as  dignified  as  the  Indian  chief,  repented  of  his  folly,  like  too  many  others, 
viben  it  was  too  late.  Smith  was  the  interpreter  in  the  business,  and  JVewport 
the  chief.  Pow^an  made  a  speech  to  him,  when  they  were  about  to  enter 
upon  trading.  He  said,  "  Captain  JVewport,  it  is  not  agreeable  to  my  greatness, 
in  this  peddling  manner,  to  trade  for  trifles ;  and  I  esteem  you  also  a  great 
werowance.  Therefore,  lay  me  down  all  your  commodities  together ;  what  I 
ake  I  will  take,  and  in  recompense  give  you  what  I  think  fitting  their  value." 
Accordingly,  JVevmort  gave  him  all  his  goods,  and  received  in  return  only 
liwut  three  bushels  of  corn  ;  whereas  they  expected  to  have  obtained  twenty 
bofsheads.  This  transaction  created  some  hard  thoughts  between  Smith  and 
,Veirporf. 

If  it  add  to  raise  Powhatan  in  our  admiration,  it  can  detract  nothing  f>om 
ibe  character  of  Smith,  to  say,  that  he  was  ns  wily  as  the  great  Indian  chief. 
For,  with  a  few  blue  beads,  which  he  pretended  that  he  had  shown  him  only  by 
iccideot,  and  which  he  would  hardly  part  with,  as  he  pretended,  because  they 
were  of  great  price,  and  worn  only  by  great  kings,  he  completely  got  his  end, 
uthis  time,  answered.  Tanfalization  had  the  desired  eflTect,  and  Powhatan  was 
sa  infatuated  with  the  lure,  that  he  was  almost  beside  himself,  and  was  ready 
to  give  all  he  had  to  possess  them.  "  So  that,  ere  we  departed,"  says  my 
telation,  "for  a  pound  or  two  of  blew  beades,  he  brought  over  my  king  for  2 
w30Obu8hells  of  corne." 

An  English  boy  was  left  with  Powhatan,  by  Captain  JVetopurt,  to  learn  the 
■angiiage,  manners,  customs  and  geography  of  his  country  ;  and,  in  return, 
Pmhatan  gave  him  Mamontack,  one  of  his  servants,  of  a  shrewd  and  subtle 
capacity,  whom  he  afterwards  carried  to  England.  Poiohatan  became  offended 
mth  Captain  Smith,  when  JVewport  left  the  country,  in  1608 ;  at  whose  depart- 
Jrehesent  him  20  turkeys,  and  demanded,  in  return,  20  swords,  which  were 
<tanted.  Shortly  after,  he  sent  the  same  number  to  Smith,  expecting  the  like 
itturn;  but,  being  disappointed,  '''red  his  men  to  seize  the  English  wher- 
ever they  could  find  them.  This  caused  diificulty — many  of  the  English 
being  robbed  of  tl  dir  swords,  in  the  vicinity  of  their  forts.  They  continued 
tieir  depredations  until  Smith  surprised  a  number  of  them,  from  whom  he 
levned  that  Powhatan  was  endeavoring  to  get  all  the  arms  iu  his  power,  to  be 
ibit  to  massacre  the  English.  When  he  found  that  his  plot  was  discovered, 
be  sent  Pocahontas,  wi.h  presents,  to  excuse  himselfj  and  pretended  that  the 
miscliief  was  done  by  some  of  his  ungovernable  chiefs.  He  directed  her  to 
endeavor  to  effect  the  release  of  his  men  that  were  prisoners,  which  Smith 
consented  :o,  wholly,  as  he  pretended,  on  her  account ;  and  thus  peace  was 
restored,  which  had  been  continu'  'ly  interrupted  for  a  considerable  time  before. 

On  the  10th  of  September,  1608,  Smith  was  elected  governor  of  Virginia. 
Ancport,  going  often  to  England,  had  a  large  share  in  directing  the  afiTaii-s  of 
the  colony,  from  his  interest  with  the  proprietors.  He  arrived  about  this  time, 
ukI,  |imot^g  other  baubles,  brought  over  a  crown  for  Powhatan,  with  directions 
for  his  coronation  ;  which  had  the  ill  effect  to  make  him  value  himself  more 
than  ever.  JVetoport  was  instructed  to  discover  the  country  of  the  Monacans, 
» nation  with  whom  Powhatan  was  at  war,  and  whom  they  would  assist  hira 
^iiist,  if  he  would  aid  in  the  business.  Captain  Smith  was  sent  to  him  to 
invito  hitn  to  Jamestown  to  receive  presents,  and  to  trade  for  corn.  On  arriv- 
"igat  Werowocomoco,  and  delivering  his  message  to  the  old  chief,  he  replied, 
"if  your  king  have  sent  oie  preaeuts,  .1  aim  am  a  king,  and  this  is  my  land. 


■■/■■   '"«''Ti,."  r  ' 


H- 


.ere* ..  ■■".,.  .o  -jii-ji..(jii 


\i\ 


12 


POWHATAN.— ORDERS  THE  DEATH  OP  SMITH. 


[Book  IV. 


I 


t 


i 


Your  father  rmeaning  JVetcpoH]  is  to 
aur  fort— neither  will  I  bite  at « mi, . 


Eight  days  I  will  stay  to  receive  them. 

come  to  me,  not  I  to  him,  nor  yet  to  your  fort — neither  will  I  bite'at  siipj,  1 
bate.  As  for  the  Monacans,  I  can  revenge  my  ovj^ri  injuries;  and  n.s  lor .Jj. 
quanachuck,  where  you  say  your  brother  was  slain,  it  is  a  contrary  way  f/, J 
those  jjarts  you  suppose  it ;  but,  for  any  salt  water  beyond  the  mountains  th? 
relations  you  have  had  from  uiy  people  are  faiae."  Some  of  the  Indians' Imij 
made  the  English  believe  that  the  South  Sea,  now  called  the  Pacific  Ocean 
was  but  a  short  distance  back.  To  show  Smith  the  absurdity  of  the  ston  ]]l 
drew  a  map  of  the  country,  upon  the  ground.  Smith  returned  as  wise  as  he 
went. 

A  house  was  built  for  Powhatan,  about  this  time,  by  some  Germans,  who  cnrnp 
over  with  JVewport.  These  men,  thinking  that  the  English  could  net  siibsiK 
in  the  country,  wantonly  betrayed  all  the  secrets  of  their  condition  to  Powittm 
which  was  again  the  source  of  much  trouble.  They  even  urged  him  to  pu; 
all  the  English  to  death,  agreeing  to  live  with  him,  and  assist  him  in  the  exp- 
cution  of  the  horrible  project  Powhatan  was  pleased  at  the  proposition  ani 
th.  ught,  by  their  assistance,  to  effect  what  he  had  formerly  hoped  to  do  jjy 
engaging  Smiih  in  such  an  enterprise.  Their  first  object  was  to  kill  Captain 
Smith  ;  by  which  act,  the  chief  obstac  e  to  success  would  be  removed;  and, 
accordingly,  they  took  every  means  in  their  power  to  eflfect  it 

In  the  first  place,  he  invited  him  to  come  and  trade  for  com,  hoping  ac 
opportunity,  in  that  business,  would  offer.  That  his  design  might  not  be  mis- 
trusted, Poiohaian  promised  to  load  his  ship  with  corn,  if  he  would  brinwjiini 
a  grindstone,  50  swords,  some  muskets,  a  cock  and  a  hen,  and  a  quantitv  of 
copper  and  beads.  Smith  went  accordingly,  but  guaided,  as  though  sure  of 
meeting  an  enemy. 

In  their  way,  the  English  stopped  at  Warrasqueake,  and  were  informed, 
by  the  sachem  of  that  place,  of  Powhatan's  intentions.  That  sachem  kindlv 
entertained  them,  and,  when  they  departed,  furnished  them  with  guides.  OJ 
account  of  extreme  bad  weather,  they  were  obliged  to  spend  nearaweeliat 
Kicquotan.  This  obliged  them  to  keep  their  Christmas  among  the  Indians, 
and,  according  to  our  authorities,  a  merry  Christmas  it  was ;  having  beet 
♦'  never  more  merry  in  their  lives,  lodged  by  better  fires,  or  fed  with  greater 
plenty  of  good  bread,  oysters,  fish,  flesh,  and  wild  fowl." 

Having  arrived  at  Werowocomoco,  afier  much  hardship,  they  sent  to  Pow- 
hatan for  provisions,  being  in  gieat  want,  not  having  taken  but  three  or  four 
days'  supjdy  along  with  them.  The  old  chief  sent  them  immediately  a  sii]ii!y 
of  bread,  turkeys,  and  venison,  and  soon  afler  made  a  feast  for  them,  accord- 
ing to  custom. 

Meanwhile,  Poiohatan  pretended  he  had  not  sent  for  the  English;  telling 
them  he  had  no  corn,  "  and  his  people  much  less,"  *  and,  therefore,  intimated 
that  he  wished  they  would  go  off  again.  But  Smith  produced  the  messenger 
that  he  had  sent,  and  so  confronted  him  ;  Powhatan  then  laughed  heartily, 
and  thus  it  passed  for  a  joke.  He  then  asked  for  their  commodities,  "but  lie 
liked  nothing,  except  guns  and  swords,  and  valued  a  basket  of  corn  higlier 
than  a  basket  of  copper  ;  saying,  he  could  rate  his  com,  but  not  the  copper." 
Captain  Smith  then  made  a  speech  to  him,  in  which  he  endeavored  to  nork 
upon  his  feelings  and  sense  of  honor ;  said  he  had  se'.ii  his  men  to  build  him 
a  house  while  hia  own  was  neglected;  that,  because  of  his  promising  to  sup- 
ply him  with  com,  he  had  neglected  to  su|>])ly  himaelf  with  provisions  when 
he  might  have  done  it  Finally,  Smith  reproached  him  of  divers  negligences, 
deceptions,  and  prevarications ;  but  the  main  cause  of  Powhatan's  retiising 
to  trade  seems  to  have  been  because  the  English  did  not  bruig  the  articles 
he  most  wanted. 

When  Smith  had  done,  Powhatan  answered  him  as  follows  :—'•  We  havs 
but  little  com,  but  what  we  can  spare  shall  be  brought  two  days  hence.  As 
to  your  coming  here,  I  have  some  doubt  about  the  reason  of  it  I  am  told,by 
my  men,  that  you  came,  not  to  trade,  but  to  invade  my  people,  and  to  possess 
my  country.    This  makes  me  less  ready  to  relieve  you,  and  frightens  my 

*  The  reader  may  wonder  how  this  could  be,  but  it  is  so  in  tlie  old  history,  by  Stith,i6. 


among  the  Indians. 


,  old  history,  by  «<»<''.  86. 


Cini"'  I.l 


POWHATAN.— HIS  SPEECHRS. 


13 


m 
was 
li'li 


pfopli'  IVoni  brinuinff  in  tlicir  corn.     And,  tlicroforo,  to  rcliovo  tliom  of  tliat 
Lr  li'fiv  yo'"'  I"'""*  iiboard  yoin-  boats,  sinf(!  tiiry  are  needless  here,  uhcre 
j,  ,'„.,,  Jill  iVicnds,  and  Ibrover  Powhatuns." 

Ill  ilii'sc,  and  other  speeeiies  ot"  like  amount,  they  spent  the  firKt  day.  "  Unt, 
wliilst  iIk'V  expected  tlie  comiiif.'  in  of  tlu;  country,  tliey  uraufrled  Powhatan 
oiii  III' f'O  hushels  of  corn,  Tor  a  cojiper  kettle;  which  the  jiresident  serins 
liiiii  imicli  afli.'ct,  [value,]  lie  told  him  it  was  of  much  jrreater  value  ;  yet,  in 
ri'.'iinl  <»f  1"*^  scarcity,  he  w<iuld  accept  that  (luantity  at  |)resent ;  ))rovi»le(l  ho 
.liniild  have  as  much  more  the  next  year,  or  the  JManakin  country,"  were  that 
"ciidition  not  complied  with. 

'fliis  transaction  will  e(iual  any  thinj?  of  the  kind  in  the  history  of  New 
F,ii!.'liii»l)  '"'^  ^^"^  " '"  '''"^'•'  t'"'  '"oader  to  mak(!  his  own  connnent. 

\t  tJK'  same  time,  Powhatan  made  another  speech,  in  whicii  were  some 
yen  ?iiiJ.'"'"''  I'i'^^'^Ur^'S  ns^  reported  by  Smith,     One  was,  that  he  iiad  seen  the 
],..itli  of  all  his  people  three  times  ;  and  that  none  of  those  three  generations 
ilicn  living,  exce|)t  himself.     This  was  evidently  only  to  make  the  Eng- 
thiiik  liiiii  something  more  than  human.    The  old  chief  tJien  went  on 
ami  s^iiid, 

•lam  now  grown  old,  and  must  soon  die;  and  the  succession  mnsi  dc- 
ffPiiii,  in  order,  to  my  brothers,  Opitchnpan,  Opekankanoiiifh,  and  Catataugh,* 
and  then  to  my  two  sisters,  and  their  two  daugliters.  I  wish  tlieir  experience 
«;isff|iial  to  mine ;  and  that  your  love  to  us  might  jiot  be  less  tiian  ours  to 
vni:.  Wliy  should  you  take  i)y  force  that  ii-om  us  which  you  can  have  by 
jiivcr  Why  should  you  destroy  us,  who  have  provided  you  with  food? 
Wiiiit ran  you  get  by  war?  We  can  hide  our  provisions,  and  Hy  into  the 
wiiiiil!^;  and  tiicn  you  nnist  consequently  famish  by  wronging  your  friends. 
Wiial  is  tiie  cause  of  your  jealousy?  You  see  us  unarmed,  and  willing  to 
( Mlilv  your  wants,  if  you  will  come  in  a  friendly  maimer,  and  not  with 
.imrilsand  gjns,  as  to  invade  an  enemy.  I  am  not  so  simple,  as  not  to  know 
il  i- licttcr  to  eat  good  meat,  lie  well,  and  sleep  quietly  with  my  women  and 
fiiililrcn ;  to  laugh  and  be  merry  ^  tli  the  Englisii ;  ami,  being  tlieir  friend, 
to liave copper,  hatchets,  and  whatever  els<!  J  \>ant,  than  to  fly  ii-om  all,  to  lie 
crii'l  ill  the  woods,  feed  upon  acorns,  roots,  and  such  trash,  and  to  bi!  so 
hiiiilcd,  that  I  cannot  rest,  eat,  or  sleep.  In  such  circumstances,  my  men 
must  watch,  and  if  a  twig  should  but  break,  all  would  cry  oiU,  ^  Here  comes 
Caji Smith ;^  and  so,  in  this  miserable  manner,  to  end  my  miserable  life; 
ainl,Cii|)t.  Smith,  'his  might  be  soon  your  fiite  too,  through  your  rashness  and 
iiiiadvisodness.  I,  therefore,  exhort  you  to  j)caceable  councils;  and,  above  all, 
I  insist  that  the  guns  and  swords,  the  cause  of  all  our  jealousy  and  uneasiness, 
l>'r('iiinved  and  sent  away." 
>'«ii//i  interpreted  this  speech  to  mean  directly  contrary  to  what  it  (expressed, 
ami  it  rather  contirmed,  than  lessened,  his  former  suspicions.  He,  however, 
miilo  a  speech  to  Powhatan,  in  his  turn,  in  which  he  endeavored  to  convince 
iiiiii  tliat  the  English  intended  him  no  hurt;  urging,  that,  if  they  had,  how 
easily  tliey  might  have  eftected  it  longbeiore;  and  that,  as  to  their  |)erishiug 
(\iilnvaiit,  he  would  have  him  to  understand  that  the  English  had  ways  to 
fi'|i|ih  themselves  unknown  to  the  Indians;  that  as  to  his  sending  away  the 
arms,  there  was  no  reason  in  that,  since  the  Indians  were  always  allowed  to 
liriii?  theirs  to  Jamestown,  and  to  keep  them  in  their  hands.  Seeing  iS/jn'^/i 'a 
iiitlxiliility,  and  des[)airing  of  accomplishing  his  intended  massacre,  he  sj)oke 
ajaii:  to  Smith  as  follows : — 

"Cnirt,  Smith,  I  never  use  any  werowancc  so  kindly  as  yom*sclf;  yet  from 
yon  1  receive  the  least  kindness  of  any.  Ca|)t.  JVewport  gave  me  swords,  co|)- 
|ifr. clothes,  or  whatever  else  I  desired,  ever  accepting  what  I  oftered  him; 
ami  wnuld  send  away  his  guns  when  requested.  No  one  refusi-s  to  li(!  at  my 
tVt,  or  do  what  I  demand,  but  you  only.  Of  you  I  can  have  nothing,  but 
wiiiii  you  value  not ;  and  yet,  yon  will  have  whatsoever  you  please.  Capt. 
Xmpori  you  call  father,  and  so  you  call  me ;  but  I  see,  in  spite  of  us  both, 
ym  will  do  what  you  will,  and  we  must  botli  study  to  hmnor  and  content  you. 
But  il'  you  intend  so  friendly,  as  you  say,  send  away  your  arms  ;  for  von  see 

*  Cataoaugh,  Slitli. 


tv     ! 


'.^^. 


/" 


II 
i. 


11 


roWIlATAM.— HIS  INSTRUCTIONS  TO  TOMOCOMO. 


[Book  IV, 


li 


my  nnilesi^ning  Hijnplicity  and  friendship  cnuso  mo  thus  nakedly  to  forn,,, 
rnvHclf."  ■ 


Sinilk  now  wiiH  out  of  all  jmlicn-'o,  seeing;  Pn whni an  only  \ nihil  n\v»\,u 
time,  that  ho  niijfht,  hy  s(»in<!  nicann,  accompr'Hli  his  desifrn.     The  JHidj^  ,|,> 
the  HiiifliMh  wen;  kept  at  a  distam-e  from  the  nliore,  hy  reason  f»f  ice. 
therefore,  resorted  tf)  deec'|)tioii ;  he  ^ot  the  Indians  to  hr(>ak  tlic  ir 
men  might  eotno  in  and  take 
Siune  time,  gave  ordei-s  to 
was  to  nmnsf)  him  with  fhlHO 


ke  on  hoard  the  corn  they  had  hon<.'lit,  and,  atiu 
them  to  seize  Powhntai ;  Smith,  in  tla;  hkiim  liin, 


proimHes.  Hut  Smitli's  talk  was  too  (ii|)  „,' 
flattery  not  to  he  seen  through  hy  the  sagacious  saehem ;  and,  Ix'tinn  jj,,. 
too  late,  lie  ronveyed  himself,  his  women,  children,  and  etti'pts,  into  \y 
wood.s;  having  sucroeded  in  his  deception  hetter  than  Smilh;  for  tWd  or 
three  srpiaws  amused  him  while  Powhntan  and  the  rest  escaped,  rnwillii,., 
however,  to  renounce  his  j»urpose,  Powhatan  sent  Smilh,  soon  atlcr,  a  valiiiili[p 
bracehit,  as  a  present,  hy  an  old  orator  of  his,  who  tried  to  excuse  thoroiiilnM 
of  his  sachem  ;  he  said  Powhatan  ran  off  hecausc  he  was  afraid  of  the  jln^ 
lif.h  arms,  and  said,  if  they  could  he  laid  aside,  he  would  come  with  liisiip^ 
pie,  and  hring  corn  in  ahundance.  At  length,  finding  all  artifices  viiin,  yj^if. 
tuitan  resolved  to  fall  upon  the  English,  in  their  cabins,  on  the  followiiif  nj^iii 
But  here,  again,  Pocahontas  saved  the  life  of  Smith  and  his  attendmits.  siip 
came  alone,  in  a  dismal  night,  through  the  woods,  and  informed  Smith  of  Ur 
father's  design.  For  this  most  signal  favor,  he  offered  her  such  aiijcjes  us  iit 
thought  would  please  her;  but  she  would  accept  of  nothing,  and,  witli  tears 
standing  in  her  eyes,  said  if  her  father  should  see  her  with  any  tiiii.ff,  i,,; 
would  mistrust  what  she  had  done,  and  instant  death  would  he  herrewunl; 
ond  she  retired  hy  herself  into  the  woods,  as  she  came. 

Powhatan  was  so  exasperated  at  the  failure  of  his  plots,  that  he  tlireatpucd 
death  to  his  men  if  they  did  not  kill  Smith  by  some  means  or  other.  Not 
long  after,  a  circumstance  occurred,  which  gave  him  security  the  rest  of  his 
administration.  One  of  Poivhatan's  men,  having,  by  some  nienns,  i;(,t  n 
quantity  of  powder,  pretcindcd  that  he  could  manage  it  like  tiu!  llnL-lisli, 
Several  came  about  him,  to  witness  his  exploits  with  the  strange  cnniiiiodiu, 
when,  by  some  means,  it  took  fire,  «  and  blew  him,  with  one  or  two  mon',  io 
death."  This  struck  such  a  dread  into  the  Indians,  and  so  amazed  and 
.lightened  Powhatan,  that  his  people  came  from  all  directions,  and  dcsind 

Eeace;*  many  of  whom  returned  stolen  art'cles  that  the  Englisii  liad  mvr 
efore  missed.  Powhatan  would  now  send  to  Jamestown  such  of  Ids  mcii 
as  had  injured  the  English,  that  they  might  be  dealt  wliii  as  they  (lesnrvid. 
The  same  year,  1(J09,  he  sent  them  nearly  half  his  crop  of  corn,  knowing 
them  to  be  in  great  want. 

Captain  Smith,  having,  by  accident,  been  shockingly  burned  by  his  powdtr. 
bags  taking  fire,  for  want  of  surgical  aid,  was  obliged  to  leave  the  eniinin 
and  go  to  England,  from  whence  he  never  returned.  He  piiblisliod  tlie 
account  of  the  first  voyages  to  Virginia,  and  his  own  adventures,  \\\wh  i< 
almost  the  only  outhority  for  the  early  history  of  that  country.  He  died  in 
London,  in  l(i3],t  in  the  52d  year  of  his  age. 

The  Dutchmen  of  whom  we  have  spoken,  and  who  had  been  so  {issidiioiij 
to  bring  ruin  upon  the  colony,  came  to  a  miserable  end.  One  of  tiiem  dinl 
in  wretchedness,  and  t\vo  others  had  their  brains  beat  out  by  order  of  Poak- 
tan,  for  their  deception. 

After  Smith  had  ItA  Virginia,  the  Indians  were  made  to  believe  that  lie  was 
dead.  Powhatan  doubted  the  report,  and,  some  time  after,  ordered  one  ot'lii^ 
counsellors,  named  Utlamatomakin,\  ov  Tomocomo,§  whom  he  sent  to  Eiisliiinl, 
to  find  out,  if  possible,  where  he  was.  He  instructed  him,  also,  to  note  tiid 
number  of  the  people,  to  learn  the  state  of  the  coimtry,  and,  if  he  found  SmilK 
to  make  hitn  show  him  the  God  of  the  Englisii,  and  the  king  and  (|iiefii. 
When  he  arrived  at  Plimouth,  he  took  a  long  stick,  and  began  to  perform  a 
part  of  his  mission  by  cutting  a  notch  for  eveiy  person  he  should  see.   lint 

*  Did  not  llic  Erifflish  of  New  England  owe  llicir  safely  to  Massasoil  and  Mianimmmeli'i 
fear  of  the  same  article  ? 
t  Jojselyn,  N.  Eng.  Rarities,  106.  t  Or  UUamaccomack,  Smilh.  }  Vatiiai. 


lOCOMO.       [Book  IV. 

thus  nnkfdly  to  forgrt 

I  only  trifled  n\viiytlir> 
(Icsifrn.    The  ]mm  i,( 

iTiistin  (if  ice,  Smilh^ 
I  l»n>!ik  tlic  ice,  tlim  iin 
\m\  l)im;.'lit,  and,  m  ||,i, 
mith,  in  tli(!  iiiciiii  timn 
}  talk  was  too  I'liH  „f 
Mil ;  niul,  Ix'lorn  it  wi., 
,  mid  ('tti'cts,  into  ti,,. 
mil  Smilli;  tiir  twi  i,r 
4t  escaped.  I  jiwilljn^ 
i,  soon  urtcr,  a  vaiiifiliiij 
I  to  excuse  the  rniidiiPt 
wns  nfmid  of  tlm  Knj. 
uld  come  witii  hisiiin. 

a\\  artifices  vain,  Pw. 
,  on  the  (oilowiiic  "ii'lit, 
d  his  attendants.  She 
I  infornieu  Smith  of  lur 
I  her  such  ailicjps  iw  ik, 
iiothinp,  and,  witli  tinrs 
her  witii  any  tliii.ir,  he 

would  he  her  rt'wanl ; 

ilots,  that  lie  tlireatoin'il 

means  or  other.   Not 

security  the  rest  of  liij 

hy  some  menus,  am  a 

ige  it  like  the  Hniilish, 

the  strange  roiniiioility, 

vith  one  or  two  nioiv,io 

IS,  and  so  aiiinzed  ami 

I  directions,  and  dinnil 

the  English  hail  ncvr 

stown  such  of  his  men 

wiiik  as  they  dcrimiii, 

crop  of  corn,  knowing 

hurned  hy  his  powilcr- 
(l  to  leave  the  cniiiiln' 

ned.  lie  pnblislicil  ilie 
n  adventnres,  whirli  i< 

It  country.    He  died  in 


had  been  so  assiiluoiu 
end.     One  of  them  iliid 
out  by  order  of  Poda- 

lie  to  believe  that  lie  was 
after,  ordered  one  of  W 
loni  he  sent  to  Eiiirliiml, 
(1  him,  also,  to  note  liifi 
y,  and,  if  he  found  SmiK 
nd  the  king  and  (ineen. 
,  and  began  to  perform  a 
•son  he  should  see.   lint 

fassasoit  and  Miantmmom'i'i 
,Smit;i.  §P"«=''"' 


Chip.  II.]  DE.Vril  OF  rOWIIATAN.— HIS  SUCCF.SHOIIS.  15 

lie  soon  pnve  up  that  busines.s.  And,  when  he  relurned  to  his  own  c(  niitry, 
ii.  chief  asked  liiiii,  among  other  things,  to  give  liim  an  account  of  the  num- 
luTiit  the  inliahitaiits  in  I'jigland.  His  answer  to  that  intpiiry,  W(!  iia/ard  no. 
iiiiiPli  ill  .saying,  is  nearly  as  extensively  known  as  the  golden  rule  of  ('o;i/«- 
•  J  It  was  as  t(>llows:  "  C'oi(/i<  the  stars  in  tin  ski/,  tin  Uavts  on  llir  trees,  and 
ihtsnnd  upon  the  scit-shorc,—for  such  is  the  numlier  of  the.  people  of  I'Jnfrlani/." 

ToMOt'OMo  had  married  a  si.ster  ol'  J'ocahontas,  ami,  |>rol)al)ly,  aeeonipanied 
jiir  Id  Kngkind.*  While  there,  the  famous  antiipiary,  Samuel  Purefui.ie,  had 
an  interview  with  him,  and  li-om  whom  lie  collected  many  liu!ts  relating  to 
•lio  niuiiiicrs  and  ciistoiiis  of  Ids  countrymen  ;  the  result  of  wliich  lie  atter- 
Hiinls  |tul)lished  in  liis  I'ilgriins.f 

Tlie  (litliiiiltieH  were  almost  perpetual  hetwt-en  Powhatan  and  the  I'iiiglish  ; 
„.n  little  tune  passed,  whilt;  he  lived,  but  what  was  full  of  broils  and  dis.sati.s- 
liulimi,  on  the  one  piu't  or  the  other.  Few  Indian  chiefs  have  lidle.i  under 
iiiir  notice,  ixi.s.sessing  such  extraordinary  characteri.siics  as  Puu'hatan.  He 
iliidat  peace  with  the  Englisli,  in  April,  KJIH,  and  was  succeeded  hy  Opilcha- 
«iii.  liis  second  lirotl'cr,  wiio  was  known  athjrwards  hy  the  name  Itopalin. 

Our  readers  will  lu;  compelled  to  acknowledg('  that  Ci';)tain  Smith  was 
liiuharous  enough  towards  the  Indians,  but  we  have  !iot  met  with  any  thing 
miite  so  lioriihie,  in  the  course  of  his  proceedings,  ,is  was  exhibited  hy  his 
sua'es.snr,  Lord  De  La  fVar.  This  /^mtknian,  instead  of  taking  a  mean 
cuuii>e  benveen  the  practices  r)f  Smitk  and  jVewport,  went  into  the  worst 
I'Mrenic.  Finding  Powhatan  insolent,  on  his  arrival  ii  the  country,  ho 
ilitiiiaiiied,  by  severity,  to  bring  him  to  unconditional  si'  sioii.  'laving, 
tlimtbre,  got  into  his  hands  an  Indian  prisoner,  his  lordsh,,.  caused  his  right 

;iiid  to  he  cut  Dfl'.  In  this  maimed  and  horrid  condition,  he  sent  him  to 
PouMan;  ".t  the  spuic  time  giving  tiie  sacliei;-,  to  understand,  that  all  his 
sill  jcets  would  be  served  in  this  manner,  if  lie  relased  obedu!nce  any  lonj^er; 
iilliu!.'  him,  akso,  that  all  the  corn  in  the  coiiutiy  should  Ik;  immediately 
litsirovcd,  which  Wu3  just  then  ripe.  J  This  wretcheil  act  increased,  as 
rea.<(iiial)ly  it  should,  the  indignation  of  Powhatan,  and  his  acts  were  governed 
accordingly. 


9e0ie 


CHAPTER  n. 

Rtilcdionupon  the  character  of  Powhatan — Pocahontas — She  singularhj  entertains 
i'mtain  Smith — Disaster  (f  a  boat's  crcio — Smith's  attempt  to  surprise  Puinhatan 
(nistmied  in  conscijuenre — Pocahontas  saves  the  life  of  Wijffin — Betrayed  into  the 
kndsof  the  English — Japazaws — Mr.  Rolfc  marries  Pucahoritns — Opaciiisco — 
hmhmtas  visits  England — Her  intc'  cicw  with  Smith — Dies  at  Gravescnd — Ifcr 
fot!_OpEKANKANOucH — Made  ])risoner  inj  Smith — Is  set  at  liliertij — Nkmatta.now 
—Murders  an  English.. Mn — Is  murdered  in  his  turn — His  singular  conduct  at  ins 
iaith— Conducts  the  "nassacre  of  1()22 — Plots  the  extirpation  of  the  English — Con- 
hi  1  the  horrid  massacre  of  1G44 — Is  taken  prisoner — His  conduct  upon  the 
orciision — Barbarously  isounded  by  the  guard — Last  speech,  and  magnanimity  in 
ifath— Reflections — Nickotawance — Totopotomoi — Joins  the  English  against 
the  Ruhahecrians — Is  defeated  and  slain. 

It  is  impossible  to  say  what  would  have  been  the  conduct  of  the  great 
Powhatan  towards  the  Englisli,  liad  he  been  treated  by  them  as  he  ought  to 
liave  been.  The  uncommonly  amiable,  virtuous,  and  feeling  disposition  of 
his  daughter,  will  always  be  brought  to  mind  in  reading  his  history  ;  and,  not- 
withstanding he  is  described  by  the  historians  as  jiossessing  a  sour,  morose, 
ami  savage  disposition,  full  of  treacherj',  deceit  and  cunning — and  whose 
vord  was  never  to  be  depended    ijion — yet.  on  the  very  page  that  he  is  thus 

"M.-.  OWm!.ron  (Brit.  Empire,  i.  28.5.)  says,  "  That  when  the  princess  Pocahontas  came 
fo't.iffland,  a  coucarousa,  or  lord  of  her  own  nation,  aUended  her;  his  name  was  Uttamarco- 
<iia:li." 

t  Vol.  V.  b.  viii.  chap.  vi.  page  955.  \  Harris,  Voyages,  ii.  22b. 


4  i?b.l:.:Xi 


■m 


i-,'   ■;'■:  .  '      ■<-,I;4A>:Ji'"''| 


sm  i\ 


h 


n 


^ 


i 


«-i 


I 


I: 
i 


10 


iMK'\iiu\i\M    N\vi:s  'nil',  I. hi;  <tr  a  rAi-nvi; 


llln.MV 


'pn'Ncntril,  \M<  hIimII  lirnl  llic  hmiim*  litnllH  ncI  liiin  iis  i'miiii|)|i'h  Ii\  i|i 


IIk  lll^^^^('M. 


,lii;||. 


Till'  (irsi  mill  iiiiihI   iiii'iiioriililt'  i-vi'IiIh  hi  llir  lili'  i>('  I'lirnliinilns  I 
ily  Itrrii  ili'iiiilt'il  in  llic  ihtoiiiiI  iil'lirr  liillirr;  llirnliiri-  wr  nIimII,  iiii,|,, 


lll\l'   ||r 


Mil' 


0\\  II    ll.'lllll',   l'J\  I'   |||ll.~ll 


\\  liirll  iil'i'  iiini'c  iliHi'diini'Clrtl  \\\\\\  Imn, 
r< »» '  \Hn\  I'AS  \MiH  Imiiii  nlioiil  till' Nt'iir  l.'i!'!  or  .'»,  iiiid  Ini 


U'J 


r»  M    MM*  \  I  .\!^  \MiH  I  Mill  I  nlioiil  (III'  Nt'iir  i.ii'i  or  .»,  iiiiii  iniici-  umn  im  m,,. 

lllllll     I'.'    or     l.'l    St'iiCH    nlil    uliril    hIic    mimiI    llic    lili'  "I'  < 'll|ililill  .V/;)i7/,,  m  |, , 

l''.\i'i\\  |iiiiliriiliir  III' lliiil   iiiiii-l   r\ii(Miriliiiiir\   Hrnu'   Iiiin  linn  r\||||)|||.,|     'ii 
nainc  I'liiiiliiiiiliH  Ml'  I'lickiihiiiiti's,  sii\s  llccKi'wrlilir,  iiicmiim  ii  run  \»'\\\ 
liillH.      Ii  Iiiim  Ik'i'Ii  iiiriiliiMit'il,  ilml,  nl  llic  Hii^ftrHiinn  nl'l  'ii|i|Miii  .NWci 
>vi'iil  Willi  II  li'\\    iiicii   to    Wci'inMiriitiiiiru,   lu   invito    I'tiiflitilmi   in  jj 
III  ii'ii'iM'  |ir«'sriilH,  li(i|iinf(  iliiTcliy  in  inllnriifc  liini  In  ii|iin  ii  ii.nlr 
Willi  lllllll. 


'Ill  IHm 


"    ■I'llllisin 


"II 


III  I'm 


\N  lii'ii  lir  iirrixi'ii  nl  lliiii   |iliici',  I'oirhntiiii  \mis  nut  nl  Imhih',  Ihii 


"MN   III   III,. 

(lisl.ilirr  nl'MO  iniirs  nil',  I'miilioillm  .'ind  Iht  wuini'il  r<'Cri\ril  lillii,  iiiiil  h||||„ 
lie  \\niii'tl  t'or  lii'f  liillirr,  I  in- V  lliiisciilrrlainril  liini'  "  Inn  Ihyn'  |i''iiii''rn  lil.isn, 
Sinilli,)  \\u'\  Hindi'  n  lirr.  Iirtlirr  w  liifli.  In-  Hillinjf  ii|iiiii  n  ninl,  sin  <  iiiiil\  ainiiir,, 
tin*  Wdiids  wM''  lirnid   Niii-Ii  n  IimIimhis  iiiiisr  mid  slircrKin^f,  ijim  |||,.  i;,,,,;",! 


Iicliiolvc  iIii-misi'Im's   111   llii'ir  nriiis,  ntid  sci/cd   on  l\\i>  nr  lliii 


<\<\ 


lliriii,     sn|>|iii?-iiii;    I'mrliiitdii,    willi 


IIM'II 


IIS       |lll\M'l',      was      CIMIlr      III    M||||| 


IlilllVII. 


tluMii.     Itnl    |irrsrnlly    I'lirnhonlit.i  i-aiiii',   willing  liiiii   In  Kill   Iht  if  nnv  Imn 
wert'  iiilnidcd  ;  niid  iIm-  lirlmldi'is,  wliirli   xmio  nii'ii,  wiuiirii  ninl  il 
unlislii'd  llic  fn|ilnin  llicrc  wns  no  siicli   mailer.     'I'licn  |ircHciiily  tl 
|ircscMtcil  with  this  aiitii'kc  ;  MO  \oiiiii;  women  came  naki'd  out  nj' tlir 
onc!>    ci>\crcd  lichind  and  licl'orc  with  a  Tew    (iiccnc  Iciii  s,  llnir  I 


ll'V   «.| 

wiiiii!. 


Tl 


Hhlii'.  :,|| 


M'll- 


I'lilif 


Iiniiilcd,  some  nl'  one  color,  snnie  nl'  niiniher,  hiil  nil  dil  ri 
lad  a  111)  re  |>ayre  nl'  Imck's  homes  on  her  head,  and  an  oiic-skiiiiii'  ,it 
girdle,  and  niioiln  r  at  her  nrmc,  a  (piivcr  nl"  arrnwcfi  at  her  iiacke,  n  Imw  .iini 
nrrows  in  her  hand.  Tiic  iic\t  had  in  her  hand  a  sword,  and  annlln  rn  iIni, 
Jinollier  a  l>ol-,i|icke,  all  horned  alike;  llic  rest  cvcr\   oii(>  with  llnir  > |,||| 


<l< 
ni 


'I'liese   lieiids,   with    most    hellish   slionts  nnd   erves,   nisi 


iini,'  Ini 


nnn^  llic  trees,  cnst  tliemscUcs  in  n  ring  aliont  llie  lire,  siiiginir  ninl  iji 


iiinii:; 


with   most  cxecMcnt   ill  \.Mrictic,  oil   rallini;  into  their  iiili'rnall  iiiissinns,  ninl 
.solemnly  again  to  sing  and  daiinec.      Having  speiil   ncarc  an  liinnv  in  this 

inascarndo,  as  llicy  cntied,  in  like  manner  they  departed."      Athr  n  sluni  ij ^ 

they  came  and  look   the   I'Jiglish  to  their  wigwams.     Here  they  wvw  nnirr 
tormented  iIi.mii  hd'orc,  "with  crowding,  |»ressiiig,  hnnging  ahoiit  tlii'm,  mnvt 


tt'dioMslv  crying,  '  I.ovc  you  not 


me 


ovc  yon  not  tin 


•J  1 .1 


When  t'ir\  I 


mil 


i:M 
ilry 


(hiislied  their  caresses,  they  set   lieliiri"  them  the  hcst  vicliinis  tlnir  r 
iin'onled.  and  then  showcil  them  to  their  lotlgitigs. 

While  Captain  Smitli  was  upon  an  expedition  into  the  coniitfy,  with  ;m 
intention  of  ,<iiri>rising  /'oi/'/ar/iMi,  there  iiappened  a  mi'lancholy  Mrciilnn  m 
liomc,  to  a  lioal's  crew,  which  had  hceii  sent  out  in  very  severe  wi'miIki-, liy 
one  who  was  impatient  to  have  the  direction  of  matters.  In  the  Imjit  \v,iv 
(\MpIaiii  /',(/,/(),  Master  Srrivrnn;  tla^  projcclor  of  the  c.vpcditinn,  Mr.  .Inlhiiii'j 
dnsiiolil,  hrolhcr  nl'  the  wcll-Unnwn  Itdrlholoiiirw  (iVvhoW,*  and  cifrlit  ullinx 
}\\  the  sinking  oI'iIk'  hoat,  these  all  perished,  and  none  knew  wiial  IimiI  liiroiin' 
ol  them,  until  their  bodies  were  tonnd  hy  the  Indians.  The  very  iiicii  ini 
w  hoin  Smith  dcpiMidcd  to  iiMiiain  at  tiie  fort  thr  Ins  succor,  in  case  he  suit  tur 
them,  were  among  the  number.  Therefore,  to  prevent  the  fnihiii'  of  iliis 
expcdiiioti.  (homebody  must  be  sent  to  apprize  Sinitli  of  the  catastrnplii'.  Nuin' 
voinnteered  for  the  liazardoiis  service,  but  IMr.  Wir/nrn/  ff'n(lii>,  \\\w  win 
obliged  to  nudertakc  it  alone.  This  wns  a  time  when  t'oifliatnn  wns  viry 
insolent,  and  urged  daily  tln>  killiiig  of  Smilli  upon  his  men.  Ni'verilu'liss 
allcr  many  diiViciiltics,  he  arrived  at  Werowoconioco.  Here  he  foiiiid  hiiiiMlt' 
amidst  preparations  for  war,  and  in  still  grcat(>r  danger  than  lie  liiiil  yrt  U'vw. 
Hut  Pocahontas  appeared  as  his  savior.  Knowing  the  intention  of  tliiwiir- 
riors  to  kill  him,  she  tii>t  secreted  him  in  the  woods,  and  then  directed  tliiw 
wlio  sought  him  in  an  opposite  direction  from  that  he  had  gone ;  so,  liy  this 


*  Who  hnil  iiiiscrfililv  |)iTi.sliC(l  by  disease  and  famine  at  Jamestown,  22  Aug.,  1()07.  Sc8 
Bancroj},  U.  Slates,  i."  l+k 


i-nviv     |ii„„Mv 

iplt'H  \\\  till'  I'liiil,,;, 

•iiliiilitiiH  li;i\i'  11, 1 . 

'  \Nf  t*\\t\\\,  iihilii  li,  r 

Imh. 

I  liinn«  wriH  no  nn.p, 

|)iiiiii  Smilli,  III  liii; 

VfW  ivllllnlril.  'I'll,, 
in  !l    nill   llrlWrrll  |h„ 

iiilniii  Aiicidir/, .S'nii/), 
•liiilnil  lit  .liiiiiiMiiwji 
tt|i('n  a  liMilc  ihiniii 

iimu',  lull  WHS  ;ii  ||„. 
iMM'it  liiiii.  mill  \\||||. 
I'tiyfi'  p'^imi'lii  M,(-:iu 
Ml,  Hill  (.niiily  niiii'ins 
iii^r,  lliMl  till'  l',ii:'li,|| 

III'    llirri'    ullI    llll'll  |,y 

US  i-iiini'  to  siir|iris' 
I  Kill  iirr  if  liny  Inin 

>MI|IH'II    mill    rlltllllrll. 

|if('Mi'Mlly  lliry  Win: 
ki'd  Milt  III'  llir  \vniiil<^ 
I'Mlli'H,  till'ir   lliiilir-  ;i|| 

r'Tiii":.     'riirir  IniiliT 
III   itttri'sloilllr  III  hir 
her  liarki',  ii  Imw  m\ 
'il,  mill  Miiiilliir  II  rliili, 
in>  Willi  llii'ir  M'liniill 
I  iTyt's,  nisliim;  truiii 
I',  siii(:iii)i  mill  ilmiiiii'.' 
inrci'iiall  |itissiniis,  ;iiii| 
lean'  nil  lumi'i'  in  \\m 
\\)vr  II  sliiiri  111111', 
li'n>  llicy  wt-rc  iiiore 
1^  nluiiit  lliiMii,  iniKt 
?'"     Wlu'ii  l'ir\  liiiil 
ictiials  till'ir  fiMiniry 

tli(<  nuiiitry,  "ith  :m 
'laiirlidly  iicciilinl  at 
r\  si'voi'i'  \vi'!\iliir,liy 

TS.       Ill    lilt'  lli'll'  "''II' 

icditioii,  Mr.  .7/i/li'iii'| 
'</,*  ami  i-i^'iil  "IIk'i-^. 
new  wlial  liail  lii'i'miii' 
'rim  vi'i-y  llll'll  "II 
;or,  ill  t'asi>  lit'  snit  liir 
flit  tilt'  tailiin-  111'  lliis 
ic  catasti-diilii'.    Nil"!' 
itrd    ff'alfn),  will'  «;i< 
1*owhalivi  was  viiy 
is  llll'll.     Ni'VTVliii'W''. 
Irrc  111'  i'tiiiinl  liiiii^'ll' 
than  lie  lin'l  VH  I""'"' 
r  iiiliMitioii  "l"  iIh'  "''f- 
1,1  tl It'll  iliri'fti'il  iImw 
luul  gone  ;  so,  by  tins 

town,  e:  AiiR.,  lf'07'  s« 


*i* 


ri! 


S- 


'■'  ■  ''J" 


m 


4' 


i 


»: 


I 


^; 


i 

N 

.\ 

-/ 

^    -> 

Mi 

Ni 

^H 

•  N 

H 

4  Ka 

■ 

i,^m 

^   4^ 

fli 

1 

ri 


i^J 


/ 


Jmvliiiliiii      /',/ 
"'inyrfi',/    ,,, 


^,^ 


r     ^/) 


til      '      '    '/)  ^  />    /"     ^  ^  /        v-*  • 

lllfthi.:s    HIS    y\i'ui'r/ii/   f/i'/tt/ ///'/•  /n    ////■     nni//i/y     ^/fiurc 
VJnwiiiildii     l',n>iifrt>iir    fi/    ~  lffinn>ni/'.> r^iinnrl:   n/x    vii'fti ii i ff 
(ciivi'r/i'if     iiiiif    hiiH  i' I   I'll     ni     f/n'    (    /f  rh\fl  tni  fii//  ' ,  I'n,/ 


■~w>/r     /,'      f/,r 


//x 


'Wi  I- 


':'/'/'  J^si''/^'- 


i'  1 

WK^fBI^^Vj^^H 

1 

H 

mi? 

HI^^K'''^^ 

1 

tS  M 

§J 


k-O-'i, 


■  •!  :  ■••■iv 


,  »'■ 


k 


Chap.  II 

H  iiiier  0 
We-  n 

iliat  wen 

Spilmnn, 
.•iicli 

ri'diict'd, 

ilii'ir  mil 
or  jireser 
auiiiisl^i 
iliat  wild 
from  alio 
lile,  in  til' 
of  liorses 
tleail,  was 
a  wretciK 
ciinriiiity 
II  was 
men,  wiio 
!lie  yrar  1 
Indians,  1j 
IVom  ] 
iwuatJa 
in  (.'ajitaii 
tlieiii  injiii 
1*  ilipy  sli 
lain  .-irs^al 
was  Jupazi 
Oiptaiii  Si 
n>  lin'e  0 
jiat  siie  rei 
llie  ti-eqiic 
.hal  was 
ffkn  iie  k 
•MS  had 
wliellicr  it 
Iwo ;  but  I 
•h(il.    Ai 
eiiiii'cd  the 
bids.  It\ 
Tiif  eajitai 
sill  slioiild 
ii  iiiav  to  oj 
Kiiinvlnjr  t 

Li'Wii  iinlei 

Wli  sniiic  ] 

I  soon  dissif)a 

llip  ?iiii-roo 

\imnn 

it'mu'd  11101 

I  anil  after  re 

I  "illi  liis  pea 

reason  wliy 

The  (ii-st ,« 

jfiaiisfhter,  an 

|l*'«|||<'  Imd,  1 

hews  tlirew 

jfoiirse  to  tai( 

'  Keith' 


Chap.  II]         rOCAHONTAS— BETRAYED  TO  THE  ENGLISH. 


17 


meaiiH,  liR  e8cai)€(l,  and  got  safe  to  Smith  at  Pamunkey,    This  was  in  the 
winter  of  1009. 

W'c  next  hear  of  her  saving  the  life  of  Henry  Spilman,  who  was  one  of  31 
-liat  went  to  trade,  upon  tlie  confidence  of  Pownatan,  but  who  wen;  all,  except 
,sm7Hmn,  killed  by  his  peoi)le. 

fiiicii  wiis  the  wretched  state  to  which  tlie  colony  of  Virgitiia  wa.«  now 
mluct'ii,  that  scarce  a  parallel  in  the  annals  of  the  world  can  be  I'ound.  No 
Mioiur  liad  Smith  left  the  country,  but  ail  was  in  confusion.  Oiiicers  spent 
tlicir  iliiie  in  riotings,  while  the  men  seem  to  have  taken  no  means  for  defence 
or  preservation  ;  so  that  the  Indians  made  constant  spoil  upon  their  domusiic 
auiiiials,  and  whatever  else  had  been  provided  r  their  support.  Insomuch, 
tjiatwlien  Captain  Smith  had  been-  gone  six  .,ionths,  th  colony  was  reduced 
fn)iii  al)ove  500  to  about  60  persons.  Herbs  and  roots  were  eaten  to  sustain 
life,  iu  the  early  part  of  their  distresses  ;  but  as  the  famine  increased,  the  skins 
(if  iiorses  were  eagerly  devoured,  and  an  Indian,  who  had  been  some  time 
jeail  was  disinterred  and  eaten  by  these  miserable  creatures.  In  one  instance, 
a  wretched  man  killed  liis  own  wife,  and  preserved  the  body  by  salt,  which 
enormity  was  not  discovered  until  it  had  been  chiefly  devoured.* 

Il  was  during  this  season  of  horror  that  Captain  Ratdiff  went  out  with  30 
men,  who  wore  trepanned  as  we  have  related.  This  was  in  the  begii\ning  of 
;iie  vear  IGIO.  Spilman  lived  many  years  afterwards  among  the  Patowamuck 
luiliiuiH,  by  the  care  of  PocaJiontas.  \ 

Kroiii  l(i09,  the  time  Smith  left  the  country,  until  IGll,  Pocalwntas  was  not 
iwii  at  Jamestown.  In  the  latter  year,  she  was  treacherously  taken  prisoner 
iiv ('a|itaiii  Jlrfi;al,  and  kept  by  the  English  to  prevent  Powhatan  from  doing 
ilieiu  injury,  awJ  to  extort  a  great  ransom  from  iiim,  and  such  terms  of  jjcace 
xi  ilipy  should  dictate.  At  the  time  she  was  betrayed  into  the  hands  of  Cap- 
laiii  JriralyShe  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  chief  of  Potomack,  whose  name 
vsi  hpazaws,  a  particular  friend  of  Lhe  English,  and  an  old  acquaintance  of 
Captain  Smith.  Whether  she  had  taken  up  her  residence  here,  or  whether  she 
was  here  only  upon  a  visit,  we  are  not  informed.  But  some  have  conjectured, 
jiat  she  retired  here  soon  after  Smith''s  departure,  that  she  might  not  witness 
die  frequent  murders  cf  the  ill-governed  English,  at  Jamestown.  Ca|)tain 
,iml  was  in  the  Potomack  River,  for  the  pur[)ose  of  trade,  with  his  ship, 
whin  he  learned  that  Pocahontas  was  in  the  neighborhood.  Whether  Japa- 
•Mcs  iiad  acquired  his  treachery  from  his  i'.itercourse  with  the  English,  or 
wiiether  it  were  natural  to  his  disposition,  we  will  not  undertake  to  decide 
jiiro;  but  certain  it  is,  that  he  was  ready  to  practise  it,  at  the  instigation  of 
,hal.  And  for  a  copper  kettle  for  himself,  and  a  few  toys  for  his  squaw,  he 
fiiiicid  the  innocent  girl  on  board  ArgaTs  sliip,  and  betrayed  her  into  his 
liiiids.  It  was  eflfected,  however,  without  comimksion,  by  the  aid  of  his  s(|uaw. 
Til"  eaptain  had  previously  promised  that  no  iun-t  should  befall  her,  and  that 
i\v  should  be  treated  with  all  tenderness.  This  circumstance  should  go  a.s  far  as 
iiiiiav  to  excuse  Japnzaws.  The  pJot  to  get  her  on  board  was  well  contrived. 
Knowing  that  she  had  no  curiosity  to  see  a  shij),  having  before  seen  niaiiy, 
hpa-jiwa''  wife  pretended  a  great  anxiety  to  see  one,  but  would  not  go  on 
feird  unless  PocaJiontas  would  accompany  her.  To  this  she  consented,  but 
"illisoine  hesitation.  The  attention  with  which  they  were  received  on  board 
I  soon  (lis.sif)ated  all  feai-s,  and  Pocahontas  soon  strayed  from  h(>r  betrayers  into 
tlie  fruii-roorn.  The  captain,  watching  his  o|)portunity,  told  her  she  was  a 
prisoner.  When  her  confinement  was  known  to  Japazaws  and  his  wife,  they 
I'eijued  more  lamentation  than  she  did,  to  keep  her  in  ignorance  of  th(;  plot; 
Uiii!,  after  receiving  the  price  of  their  perfidy,  were  sent  ashore,  and  Jlrs;al, 
hitb  his  pearl  of  great  price,  sailed  for  Jamestown.  On  being  informed  of  the 
[reason  why  she  was  thus  captivated,  her  grief,  by  degrees,  subsided. 
The  fii-st  step  of  the  English  was  to  inform  Powhatan  of  the  captivity  of  his 
laiijrhter,  and  to  demand  of  him  their  men,  guns  and  tools,  which  he  and  his 
|peo|il('  Imd,  from  time  to  time,  taken  and  stolen  fro  a  them.  This  unexpected 
Itews  tlirew  the  old,  stern,  calculating  chief  into  a  great  dilemn  a,  and  what 
jtoiirsp  to  take  lie  knew  not ;  and  it  was  three  months  before  he  returned  any 


Keiih'i  Hist.  Virginia,  121. 


t  SlUh,  Hist.  Virginia,  IIG. 


ml 


18 


POCAHONTAS —MARRIES  AN  ENGLISHMAN. 


I 


: 


[Book  IV, 


answer.  At  the  end  of  this  time,  by  the  advice  of  his  council,  he  sent  bank 
seven  Enghshincn,  witli  each  u  gun  wliich  iiad  been  spoiled,  and  thiy  answii-. 
that  when  they  should  return  his  daughter,  he  would  make  full  siitisfartion 
and  give  them  500  bushels  of  corn,  and  be  their  friend  forever;  that  Ik  imj 
no  more  guns  to  return,  the  rest  being  lost.  They  sent  him  word,  that  tlin- 
would  not  restore  her,  until  he  had  complied  with  their  demand  ;  and  that  ■' 
for  the  guns,  they  did  not  believe  they  were  lost.  Seeing  the  deterniination'of 
the  English,  or  his  inability  to  satisfy  them,  was,  we  apprehend,  why  tljey 
"  heard  no  more  from  liim  for  a  long  time  at\er."  ^ 

In  the  spring  of  the  year  1G13,  Sir  Thomas  Dale  took  Pocahontas,  and  wpnf 
with  a  ship,  up  Poivhatan's  River  to  VVerowocomoco,  the  residence  of  in,! 
father,  in  hopes  to  eftect  an  rxchange,  and  bring  about  a  jieace.  Powhdm 
was  not  at  home,  and  they  met  with  nothing  but  bravadoes,  and  a  (lisposiiinn 
to  fight  from  all  the  Indians  they  saw.  After  burning  many  of  their  ijaliita. 
tions,  and  giving  out  threats,  some  of  the  Indians  came  and  made  peace,  as  thi'v 
called  it,  which  o|)ened  the  way  for  two  of  Pocahontas's  brothers  to  come  on 
board  the  ship.    Their  joy  at  seeing  their  sister  may  be  imagined. 

A  particular  friendship  had  some  time  existed  between  Pocahontas  mt]^ 
worthy  yoimg  Englishman,  by  the  name  of  John  Rolfe ;  which,  at  |pii(r||I 
growing  into  a  sincere  attachment,  and  being  mutual  between  them,  he  m^ni,! 
known  his  desire  to  take  her  for  his  companion.  This  being  higlily  apijiovnl 
of  by  Sir  Thjomas  Dale,  and  other  gentlemen  of  high  standing  and  autlidiitv,  a 
consummation  was  soon  agreed  upon.  Acquainting  her  brother  with  Inr 
determination,  it  soon  came  to  the  knowledge  of  her  father  also ;  who,  as 
highly  approving  of  it  as  the  English,  immediately  sent  Opachisco,  her  iiiicje, 
and  two  of  his  sons,  to  witness  the  performance,  and  to  act  as  iier  scrvanis 
upon  the  occasion  ;  and,  in  the  beginning  of  April,  1613,  the  niarria:,"'  \\;i< 
solemnized  according  to  appointment.  Poivliatan  was  now  tlicir  liiciid  in 
reality  ;  and  a  friendly  intercourse  commeii-ed,  which  was,  without  inudi 
interruption,  continued  until  his  death. 

Pocahontas  lived  happily  with  her  husband,  and  became  a  believer  in  ik 
English  religion,  and  expressed  no  desire  to  live  again  among  tiios(>  of  Jur 
own  nation.  When  Sir  Thomas  Dale  returned  to  England,  in  IGKi,  Pocnlm- 
tas  accompanied  him,  with  her  husband,  and  several  other  young  iiativp>, 
They  arrived  at  Plimouth  on  the  12th  of  June  of  that  year.  '  She  inct  wiili 
much  attention  in  that  country,  being  taken  to  court  by  the  Lord  ami  i,aily 
Delaware,  and  others  of  distinction.  She  was,  at  this  time,  called  the  Lady 
Rebecca.  Her  meeting  with  Ca])tain  Smith  was  affecting ;  more  esjiecialiv  as 
she  thought  herself,  and  very  justly,  no  doubt,  too  slightly  noticed  hy  liim, 
which  caused  her  much  grief.  Owing  to  the  barbarous  nonsense  of  the  time*, 
Smith  did  not  wish  lier  to  call  him  father,  being  afraid  of  giving  offliico to 
royalty,  by  assuming  to  be  the  father  of  a  king's  daughter.  Yet  he  did  lut 
intend  any  cause  of  offence,  and  did  all  in  his  power  to  make  her  happy,  At 
their  fii-st  interview,  after  remaining  silent  some  time,  she  said  toliiin, 'Iw 
promised  my  father,  that  tvhat  ivas  yours  should  be  his  ;  and  that  you  ami  he  imti 
be  all  one.  Being  a  stranger  in  our  country,  you  called  Powhatan/a/Aer;  anil, 
for  the  same  reason,  mil  now  call  you  so.  You  were  not  afraid  to  come  into  m 
father's  country,  anil  strike  fear  into  every  body  but  myself;  and  are  you  hen  nfrml 
to  lot  me  call  you  father  ?  /  tell  you,  then,  I  toill  call  you  father,  and  you  shall  (4 
me  child ;  and  so  I  will  forever  he  of  your  kindred  and  country.  They  alwrnisM 
us  that  you  were  dead,  and  I  knew  not  otherwise,  till  I  came  to  Plimouth.  Biil 
Powhatan  commanded  Tomocomo  to  seek  you  out,  and  know  the  truth,  kcmt 
your  countrifm^n  are  much  given  to  bfing." 

The  useful  and  worthy  young  Pocahontas,  being  about  to  embark  for  licr 
native  country,  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  1617,  fell  sick  at  Gravesemi,  and 
died ;  having  attained  only  the  age  of  22  yenre.  She  left  one  son,  whose  ii'iine 
was  Thomas  Rolfe,  very  young  ;  and  whom  Sir  Lewis  Stevkly,*  of  Piiinonili, 

*  "  As  to  the  infamous  Sir  Leiris  Stucleij,  who  liad  betrayed  Ralegli.  lie  was  taken  sooii  i 
after  [Ralegh  was  beheaded]  in  Wliiteliall,  rlipping  the  very  gold  wliicli  was  the  produced: 
his  infamy,  and  tried  and  condemned  for  it;  andhnving  stripped  himself  to  ids  sliirl  lo  raise 
money  to  purchase  his  pardon,  ho  banished  himself  to  the  Island  of  S'.nidy,  where  ho  ileii. 
both  mad  and  a  bepjsrar,  ni  less  than  two  3'ears  after  Sir  Walter  Rale^li."—PrinK'i\lo\isi\ii\ 
of  Devon,  677. — Harding's  Naval  biography,  i,  330. 


[MAN.  [Book  IV, 

;ouncil,  he  sent  buok 
lied,  ami  this  uiiswvr; 
inke  full  Kiitistiinion 
forever ;  that  Uv.  Imj 
him  word,  that  thoy 
deniiuid  ;  and  tlmt,  ;y 
;  the  determination  of 
apprehend,  why  tliey 

Pocahontas,  and  wont, 

the  residence  of  lift 
t  a  peace.  Powhnlim 
does,  and  a  dispositiDii 

many  of  their  liuhita. 
id  made  peace,  as  thi  y 
's  brothers  to  conii;  m 
imagined. 

veen  Pocahontas  ml  a. 
Ife  ;  which,  at  IciiL'th, 
etween  them,  lie  nmd,. 
being  highly  api)iovo(l 
anding  and  autlniiity.a 

her  brother  with  lur 
r  father  also ;  wlio,  as 
it  Opachisco,  her  iir.ile, 

to  act  as  her  scrvains 
1613,  the  marria^'c  \vil< 
as  now  their  IriiMiil  in 
ich  was,  without  niiicli 

lecame  a  beliet'er  in  the 
ftin  among  tiios(>  of  her 
fland,  in  IGKi,  Pocakn- 
il  otlier  young  iiativps, 
at  year.    She  niPtwiih 
by  the  Lord  ami  Lady 
i  time,  called  the  l.aily 
ing  ;  more  esi)eciiil;y  as 
slightly  noticed  hy  liiiii, 
IS  nonsense  of  the  time*, 
■aid  of  giving  oHVnciMo 
ghter.    Yet  he  did  m 
to  make  her  hai)i)y.  At 

she  said  to  him,  ''Im 
ind  that  you  and  he  iroiiH 
Powhatan /atter;  anil 
}t  afraid  to  come  ink  nij 
f;  andareyouhennfrmi 

father,  and  you  shall  mil 
luilry.  They  alwapkli 
■  came  to  Plimouth.  B\tl 
id  knoto  the  truth,  hmm 

d)oiit  to  enihark  for  her 
I  sick  at  Gravesciid, 
eft  one  son,  whnsn  iiiiine 
IS  Steukly,*  of  Plimouih, 


■d  Ralesrh.  he  was  lakcn  sooii  i 

-old  whicli  Nva^  tlic  P""'"","'  I 
e,l  himself  to  his  sliirUorai« 

mUf  P'.mly.wherchoM 


CHi'-  H] 


OPEKANKANOUGH.— SEIZED  BY  CAPTAIN  SMITH. 


19 


desired  to  be  left  with  him,  that  he  might  direct  his  education.  Bnt,  from  the 
unma"'y  P'"'''  ^*"*^  gentleman  took  against  the  luifortiinate  Ralegh,  he  wa8 
Krou"lit  itito  such  merited  disrejiute,  that  he  foimd  himseW  obliged  to  tiuni  all 
I  is  attention  to  his  own  [)reservatit»n  ;  and  the  son  of  Pocahontcm  was  taken  to 
London,  and  thcn-c  educated  by  his  uncle,  Mr.  Henry  Rolfe.  lie  afterwards 
nine  to  America,  to  the  native  country  of  his  mother,  where  he  became  a 

j|j,,„an  of  great  distinction,  and  possessed  an  ample  foitmie.  IIo  left  an  only 
liuieliter,  who  married  Colonel  Robert  Boiling,  and  died,  leaving  an  only  son, 
Major /o'ftn  Boiling,  who  \t'as  the  father  of  Colonel  John  Boiling,  and  several 
(iaiiiihters ;  one  ot  whom  married  Colonel  Richard  Randolph,  from  whom  are 
descended  the  distinguished  John  Randolph,  and  those  bearing  that  name  in 
Virginia,  af  this  day.* 

Batloxo  thus  notices  Pocahontas : — 

"  Blest  Pocahontas !  fear  no  lurkinp  guile  ; 
Thy  hero's  love  sliall  well  rewanrihy  smile. 
Ah,  soollie  the  wanderer  in  his  desperate  plight, 
Hide  him  by  day,  and  calm  his  cares  by  iiigTit  j 
Tho'  savage  nations,  witli  Ihy  vengeful  sire, 
Pursue  their  victim  with  unceasing  ire — 
And  llio'  their  threats  ihv  starilod  ear  assail. 
Let  virtue's  voice  o'er  filial  (cars  prevail." — Columbiad. 

OPEKANKANOUGH  has  already  received  our  notice.  He  was  a  veiy 
conspicuous  character  in  his  time,  and  was  styled,  by  the  Virginians,  King  of 
die  Pamunkies.  The  dreadfid  massacr'>,  of  which  he  was  author,  brings  to 
niiiul  !iis  name  oftener  than  almost  any  other  chief  of  his  times. 

There  seems  to  be  some  contradiction,  or  difference  of  opinion,  with  regard 
to  tlic  origin  of  this-  chief.  Some  of  the  Indians  reported  that  he  came  from 
tlie  west,  and  was  not  a  brother  of  Powhatan ;  but  that  story,  we  judge,  is 
merely  a  fable,  invented  and  told  by  liis  enemies,  to  influence  the  English 
against  him,  that  they  might  destroy  him. 

" Opekankanough  seems  to  have  borne  the  name  of  Mangopeomen  in  1621,  f  a 
circumstance  unnoticed  by  tnost  historians,  and,  therefore,  we  conclude  that  it 
pn'vailed  only  among  his  own  tribe,  and,  perhaps,  even  among  them  fidl  into 
disuse  soon  after. 

Opitchapan,  called  also  Oetan,  and  lastly  Sasanopeomen,l  was  the  successor 
f)( Powhatan,  but  he  seems  never  to  have  been  otherwise  noted.  "The  defects 
of  the  new  emperor,"  says  Mr.  Burk,  "  were  aggravated  in  the  minds  of  the 
Indians,  by  a  comi)arison  with  the  accomplished  Opekankanough,  who,  in  the 
council  and  the  field,  was  the  most  conspicuous  warrior  amongst  the  Powha- 
lans ;  and  who,  during  the  lifetime  of  the  late  emperor,  had  procured  from  the 
free  trihe  of  the  Chickahominies,  the  title  of  their  king."  The  same  author 
dk  Opitchapan  a  " feble  and  decrepid "  chief,  who  "was  little  calculated  to 
secure  respect,  or  enforce  obedience."  § 

In  ir)08,  the  Indians  had  become  imiver.«ally  at  variance  with  the  English, 
and  insulted  theiii.  whenever  they  appeared  abroad  ;  knowing  their  miscritble, 
half-stiU'ved  condition.  Insult  followed  insult,  upon  both  sides,  and,  but  for 
the  never-tiring  perseverance  of  Smith,  this  colony,  like  tlie  first,  would  have 
hccn  soon  destroyed.  The  Indians  would  promise  to  trade  with  them,  but 
when  they  went  to  them  for  that  purpose,  tho.y  only  "  latighed  at  their  cnlam- 
itifs;"  sometimes  putting  jokes  upon  them,  and  at  others,  running  away  into 
the  woods. 

In  this  extremity  of  their  ch'cumstances,  though  in  the  depth  of  winter,  SmtiA 
resolved  to  make  himself  master  of  some  of  the  Indiims'  store  of  provisions,  by 
some  means  or  other.    He,  therefore,  proceeded  to  Pamtinkey,  the  residence 

'  John  Randolph,  of  Roanoke,  dicti  in  Philndi'lpliia,  "2i-  May,  183I-.  Me  had  comi!  ihere 
in  vory  low  health,  intending  to  embark  for  Europe  in  a  U\w  diiys.  Having  met  witli  some 
per|il(.'xily  in  procuring  lodgnigs  on  his  arrival  in  Phiindelphia,  bcMin  lnkiii  from  the  steani-nnat 
to 0113  hotel  ader  another,  in  a  bad  hack,  in  bad  weather,  he  was  ipiich  orilmoii,  and,  Innn  his 
fmjuenl  alhisions  to  it  in  his  sickness,  it  was  supposed  to  have  haiieneil  his  end.  He  was 
aboui  (iO  years  of  age  at  his  death. 

t  Durk's  Va.  i.  228.  J  I^^'d.  $  Hisl.  Virginia,  i.  233. 


•^ 


m 


•  i'  -t'i 


t  -tm 


20 


OPEKANKANOUGH.— NEMATTANOW'S  DEATH.        [Boor  IV 


of  Opekankanoxigh,  with  15  men,  where  he  tried  -t  trade  with  him  for  com- 
but,  not  sncceediiif^,  he,  in  a  desperate  manner,  seized  upon  the  ehiif  liy  i.  ' 
hair,  in  the  midst  ot'his  men,  "with  his  pistoll  readie  l)ent  ajrainst  iiis  i)iVuJf 
Thus  lie  led  the  tremhiing  kin^)  ncare  dead  with  fear,  amongst  all  liis  ii,,*. 
pie."*  Smith  told  him  that  he  had  attempted  to  murder  liini,  whieli  \v;i,s|||p 
cause  of  his  treating  him  thun.  No  one  can  douot,  on  reading  tlie  hisidiy  uf 
those  atFuii-s,  that  tlie  Indians  all  wished  Smith  dead,  but  wlathcr  tlifv  a|i 
wanted  to  kill  him,  is  not  quite  so  plain. 

One  great  end  of  Smithes  design  was  now  answered  ;  for  Opel(ankaninH\ 
peoj)le  came  in  loaded  with  presents  to  ransom  their  chief,  until  his  \i^,.^i^^ 
were  completely  filled.  News  being  brought  of  u  disaster  at  Janicsiowit  u 
was  set  at  liberty.  ' 

Nemattanow,  a  renowned  warrior,  we  have  to  introduce  here,  us  wrll  fin 
account  of  his  supposed  agency  in  bringing  about  the  great  massacre  ot'ino) 
ns  for  th(!  object  of  exhibiting  a  trait  v.i  character  equally  to  be  adMiiicd  and 
lamented.  We  arc  not  certain  that  he  belonged  to  the  people  oi"  Opehmka- 
nou^h,  but  it  is  storied  that  a  jealousy  existed  between  them,  and  that  the  cliji.f 
had  infortned  Sir  George  Yeardlcy  that  he  wished  JVemattanow^s  tliroiit  wire 
cut,  some  time  beibrc  the  massacre  took  place,  to  which  wc  have  iiiliii|i.,| 
However,  Opekankanough  denied  it  allerwirds,  and  affected  great  indiiriiinioij 
at  his  nnn-der,  and  the  Indians  said  the  maasucre  was  begun  by  him,  tonnini'e 
JVemattnnoiv's  death.  But  our  jtresjait  object  is  to  portray  the  clianuti r of 
JVemaltanow,  who  was  both  eccentric  and  vain,  and  "  who  was  wont,  out  of 
bravery  and  parade,  to  dress  himself  up,  in  a  strange,  antic,  and  iMuiiaiic 
fashion,  with  feathers,  which,  therefore,  obtained  liim  the  name  oi' Jack-of-lk- 
feather."  lie  was  even  more  popular  among  his  countryien  than  Opekunka- 
nough,  which,  doubtless,  was  the  ground  of  that  chief's  jealousy ;  espcciallv 
as  lie  was  one  of  the  greatest  war-captains  of  his  times.  He  had  l)ci  n  in 
many  fights  and  encounters  with  the  English,  always  ex[)osing  hinisclf  to  the 
greatest  danger,  and  yet  was  never  wounded  in  any  of  them.  This  ciniiiii. 
stance  caused  till  Indians  to  believe  in  his  invulnerability,  and  Ik  iice  he  wu 
by  them  considered  superhuman.  Only  about  14  days  before  the  iimssacre 
Jack-of-tlie-feather  went  to  the  house  of  one  Morgan,  where  he  saw  niaiiy^iich 
articles  exhibited  as  were  calculated  to  excite  admiration  in  such  |)(n|iie. 
Jack,  pei'haps,  had  not  the  means  to  purchase,  but,  it  seems,  he  wasrcMlved 
some  how  or  other,  to  possess  them.  He,  therefore,  told  Morgan,  that  it'  In; 
would  take  his  commodities  to  Pamunkey,  the  Indians  would  give  him  ii  i;nut 
price  for  them.  Not  in  the  least  mistrusting  the  design  of  vYtjnatoioit,  ilio 
sim])le  Englishman  set  out  for  Pamunkey,  in  company  with  this  Indiiin. 
This  was  the  last  the  English  heard  of  Morgan.  However,  strange  as  it  mav 
seem,  Jack^s  ill-directing  fate  sent  him  to  the  same  ])lace  again,  and,  wliat  was 
still  more  strange,  be  had  the  cap  of  the  nmrdered  Morgan  u()on  his  licad, 
Morgan'','!  servants  asked  him  where  their  master  was,  who  very  dcliliomtcly 
answered,  that  he  was  dead.  This  satisfied  them  that  he  had  miu-(l(  red  hiiii. 
They,  therefore,  seized  him,  in  order  to  take  him  before  a  nuigistniii!  at 
Berkeley;  but  he  made  a  good  deal  of  resistance,  which  caused  oiu;  of  his 
captors  to  shoot  him  down.  The  singular  part  of  the  tragedy  is  y<  t  lo  h 
related.  Though  mortally  wounded,  JVemattanow  was  not  killed  oiitri},'ht,  and 
his  captors,  which  were  two  stout  young  men,  got  him  into  a  boat  to  jMniml 
to  Mr.  Tliorj)''s,  the  magistrate.  As  they  were  going,  tlie  warrior  becainc  siiis- 
fied  that  be  mi's'.  die,  and,  with  the  most  extraordinary  earnestness,  hcsoiiiiht 
that  two  things  might  be  granted  him.  One  was,  that  it  should  never  hi'  told 
to  bis  countrymen  that  he  was  killed  by  a  bullet ;  and  the  other,  that  he  siioidd 
be  bmied  among  the  English,  so  that  it  shouhi  never  be  discovered  tlint  lie 
had  died,  or  was  subject  to  death  like  other  men.  Such  was  thepridiMUid 
vanity  exliibit'd  by  an  Indian  at  his  death.  The  following  inference,  tlicre- 
fore,  is  naturally  to  be  drawn ;  that  a  dtjsire  to  be  renowned,  and  held  in 
veneration  by  posterity,  is  not  confined  to  the  civilized  and  learned  of  any  age 
or  nation. 


*  Pcih.ips  die  New  lliiyhiiiilcrs  followed  Smilli's  cxamplo,  afterwards,  in  the  case  of  .l/e.(- 
attder,  A'iriigrel,  and  oliit>rs. 


lATH.        [Book  IV. 

with  him  for  com' 
01)  the  chii'f  l)y  l,ig 
t,  iifrainst  liis  hiVust, 
iiiongst  all  Ills  pco. 
Iiiiii,  which  WiiMlie 
idiiiff  tht!  histoiv  of 
lit  wlietlier  liny  a\\ 

'or  Opekankan'mtrJi'it 
liicf,  until  his  lioats 
er  ut  Juiucsiowii,  ho 

luce  here,  as  well  on 
sat  niassaciT  ot'lil-H, 
y  to  ho  ailinircd  (inj 
people  of  Opdimkn- 
ni,  and  that  tlicrliirf 
dtanow^s  throat  were 
L'h  wc  have  uiliulcd, 
ted  great  iiurijinuiioii 
in  by  liini,  to  rcvcuije 
ray  the  characUr of 
.■ho  was  wont,  out  of 
,  antic,  and  l)arl)iuic 
3  name  of  Jmk-of-lk- 
f'wn  than  Opdanka- 
i  jealousy ;  t'sijccially 
es.    He  had  liciu  in 
posing  himself  to  ike 
them.    This  oiiTiim. 
,ty,  and  ht'iice  lie  wiis 
liefore  the  niiissacrc, 
iVG  lie  saw  many  jiich 
tioii  in  such  i)in|iie. 
cms,  he  was  rcsuhed, 
Id  Mors;an,  that  if  he 
'ould  give  liiiii  a  l'ii  al 
n  of  jYimaUanoto,  the 
ny  with  this  hiiliim. 
ver,  strange  as  it  niiiy 
again,  and,  wlmt  was 
rgan  u()oii  his  head. 
who  very  delilicri.tcly 
10  had  imirdcix'd  him, 
fore  a  nuigii-tniti:  at 
li  caused  one  ol'  his 
tragcidy  is  yet  tote 
ot  killed  outriglit,  ami 
into  a  boiit  to  yrwwi 
warrior  became  sitis- 
earnestness,  hesousln 
should  never  he  told 
_  other,  thatheslioukl 
|be  discovered  tliat  lie 
_h  was  the  pride  and 
,ving  inference,  tliere- 
nowned,  and  lieM  in 
nd  learned  of  any  age 


lards,  ill  the  case  of  .to- 


CHAP.  11]        OPEKANKANOUG II.— SECOND  GREAT  MASSACRE. 


21 


ifi' 


Meanwhile,  Opekankanovfch,  the  biitter  to  inm^ase  the  ragn  of  his  warriors, 

lirted  great  grief  at  .Ve/H«//«»ofi''s  death,  which  had  the  etlect  he  intiiuded ; 

uwiii",  especially,  to  the  tavor  in  which  that  warrior  had  stooil  among  the  ' 

Indians.    Bi't  th^i  i^nghsh  wt-re  satisfied  that  this  was  only  pretimce,  as  wo 

liive  iicfoie  observed  ;  btscause  they  were  informed  of  his  trying  to  engage 

Willie  of  l''**  I'L'iflhbors  against  them,  and  otherwise  acted  suspiciously,  some 

liMic  before  J^'cmattanoio's  death  ;  oi'  the  justice  of  which,  however,  the  Kiig- 

li  li  tried  arguments  at  first,  and  threats  aflerward.s,  to  convince  them.     Wy 

^\-  dissimulation,  Opekankanough  completely  deceived  them,  and,  just  before 

till' iiK^sacrc,  treaieu  a  messenger  that  was  sent  to  liim,  with  niiieb  Uindness 

■aid  civility ;  and  assured  him  that  tht;  peace,  which  had  becui  some  time 

i)ifore  concluded,  was  held  so  firm  by  hiin,  that  the  sky  should  lall  sooner 

lliaii  it  should  be  violated  on  his  part.     And  such  was  the  concert  and  secrecy 

ijiKin"  all  the  Indians,  that,  only  two  days  before  the  fatal  22  March,  some 

kiiidlv  conducted  the  English  through  the  woods,  and  sent  one  of  their  youth 

m  five  with  the  English,  and  learn  their  language.     Moreover,  on  the  morn- 

iiis;  uf  tiiat  very  day,  they  came  unarmed  among  them,  and  traded  as  usual, 

jiidcven  sat  down  to  breakfast  with  their  '  ii  tims,  in  several  instances.     Never, 

,|,  rhaps,  was  a  massacre  so  well  contrii  -a  and  conducted,  to  ensure  success, 

ajwas  this  of  Opekanknnoufi;h.     The  English  were  lulled  into  a  fatal  security, 

and  even  unknowingly  assisted  the  Indians  in  their  design;  lending  them 

iliiir  iioats  to  communicate  with  distant  tribes,  and  furnishing  thein  with 

vaiiuiis  uiensils,  which  were  converted  at  once  into  weapons  of  death. 

Tht!  22  March,  1022,  having  come,  and  the  appointed  hour  of  that  ir:om- 
oraiile  day  arrived,  with  a  simiiltaneousness  unparalleled  on  any  former  occa- 
(iuii,  tlie  Indians  rose  from  their  ambushes,  and,  with  the  swiftness  of  the 
liw,  appeared,  in  a  moment,  amidst  the  English  settlements.  Age,  sex,  nor 
condition,  shielded  no  one ;  their  greatest  benefactors  were  among  their  fii-st 
victims.  Tlius,  in  the  space  of  about  one  hour,  fell  three  hundred  and  fortij- 
kxm  men,  women,  and  children.  13y  this  h-jrrifi  calamity,  out  of  80  planta- 
lioiiH,  six  only  were  left  unhijiircd.  And  these  were  saved  by  the  timely 
iiifonuatiou  of  a  Christian  Indian  called  Chanco. 

Tlic  ensuing  summer  was  spent,  by  the  surviving  English,  in  strengthening 
tlicniselves  against  further  attacks,  and  preparations  for  taking  vengeance  on 
ihe Indians;  wholly  neglecting  all  improvements,  works  of  utility,  and  even 
ilieir  planting.  Eveiy  thing  was  lost  sight  of  in  their  beloved  project  of 
rerengc;  and  the  English,  in  their  turn,  showed  themselves  more  treaclierou.j, 
if  not  more  barbarous,  than  their  enemy.  For,  under  pretence  of  niaking 
pace  again  with  them,  they  fell  upon  them  at  unawares,  and  murdered  many 
iviiiioiit  mercy.  This  crime  was  vastly  aggravated,  in  that,  to  induce  the 
Indians  to  come  forward  and  make  peace,  the  English  had  not  only  solemnly 
■ii>\mA  them  forgiveness,  but  likewise  security  and  safety  in  their  persons. 

It  was,  for  some  time,  supposed  that  Opcknnkanough  was  among  the  slain, 
hit.  if  Mr.  Beverly  was  not  misinformed,  the  same  sachem,  22  years  after- 
wards, executed  a  sjtill  greater  massacre  upon  the  English,  as,  in  the  next 
jiliu'e,  we  shall  relate. 

How  long  Opekankanough  had  been  secretly  plotting  to  cut  off  the  intruderfi 
nf  liis  soil  cannot  be  known ;  but,  in  1G44,  all  the  Indians,  over  a  spaci;  of 
foiiiitry  of  GOO  miles  in  extent,  were  leagued  in  the  enterprise.  The  old  chief 
at  this  time,  was  supposed  to  be  near  100  years  of  age,  and,  though  unable  to 
ivalk,  would  be  present  in  the  execution  of  his  beloved  i)roject.  It  was  upon 
;lie  18  April,  when  Opekankanoitgh,  borne  in  a  litter,  led  his  warriors  Ibr- 
ivai'd,  and  commenced  the  bloody  work.  Th(!y  began  at  the  frontiers,  witii  a 
(k'ti'i'mination  to  slay  all  before  them,  to  the  sea.  After  continuing  the  mas- 
sacre two  days,  in  which  time  about  500*  pei*sons  were  nmrdered.  Sir  William 
BerWfiy,  at  the  head  of  an  armed  force,  checked  their  progress.  The  destruc- 
tion of  the  inhabitants  was  the  greatest  upon  York  and  Painunkey  Rivers, 
where  Opekankanough  connnanded  in  person.  The  Indians  now,  in  their 
lurii,  were  driven  to  great  extremity,  and  their  old  chief  was  taken  jjrisoner, 


*  This  is  the  numlmr  {renerally  set  down  in  the  liistories,  but  tbe  probably  just  scrutiny  "'" 
Mr,  Uancrofi,  Hist.  U.  S.  i.  221,  causetl  him  to  fix  upon  llie  number  JOO. 


•li:' . 


-  1     IJJT-' 


39 


DEATH  OF  OPEKANKANOUGH.~rOTOPOTOMOI,       [Book  IV 


nnd  carried  in  triiim[)h  to  Juiiief-towii.  I  low  long  aflcr  tin;  inaHsncii'  thi^ 
Ijapponud,  wo  are  not  inforinod ;  but  it  is  said  tiiat  tho  lati^'iics  Ik?  Imd  |,p,, 
•viousiy  undergone  liad  wasted  away  liis  Hesii,  and  destroyed  llio  elusti(iiv,ii' 
liis  muscles  to  tliat  degree,  that  lie  wiis  !io  longer  aljje  to  vnise  tlic  uv- lids 
from  his  eyes ;  and  it  was  in  this  forlorn  condition,  that  he  IJ'II  into  the  Jiiimi^ 
of  his  enemi(!S,  A  soldier,  who  had  l)een  appointed  to  guard  lii.ii,  ljuiiiiii„u«|v 
fired  upon  liiin,  and  inflicted  a  mortal  wound,  lie  was  supposed  to  1,^; 
been  j)rompted  to  the  bloody  deed,  from  a  recollection  of  the  old  (lii,.,-, 
agency  in  the  massacre.  Just  before  he  expired,  hearing  a  great  t.ii>i|,.  imj 
crowd  about  bin),  be  ordered  an  attendant  to  lift  up  bis  eyelids ;  \,lien  li> 
discovered  a  multitude  pressing  around,  to  gratify  the  untimely  curiositv  v\ 
beholding  a  dying  sachem.  Uiidaunted  in  death,  and  roused,  as  it  wcii',  ir,,,,^ 
sleep,  at  the  conduct  of  the  confused  multitude,  be  deigned  not  to  olisii>,! 
them ;  but,  raising  himself  from  the  grouuil,  with  tlie  expiring  hiiutl,  „i 
authority,  conuuanded  that  the  governor  should  be  calleil  to  hini.  WImh  i;,, 
governor  came,  Opekankanougk  said,  witb  indignation,  ^^  Had  it  oan  mij  f„r. 
tune  to  have  taken  Sir  Wm.  Berkeley  prisoner,  I  ivould  not  vieanlii  Imt 
exposed  him  as  a  sliow  to  my  people  ; "  *  and  soon  after  expired. 

It  is  said,  and  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt  the  fact,  that  it  was  cviiiw  to  ly 
encroachments  upoa  bis  lands,  tiiat  caused  Opekankunovf^h  to  deterniiHu  u|iiiii 
a  rnaysacre  of  the  whites.  These  intrusions  were,  nevertheless,  coiilbniialiie 
to  the  grants  of  the  proprietors,  lie  could  hardly  have  expected  eiitiii'  cui,. 
quest,  as  bis  people  bad  already  begun  to  waste  away,  and  English  vi||iij;,.s 
were  springing  up  over  an  extent  of  country  of  more  than  500  niilps,  v iiji  n 
populousness  beyond  any  preceding  example ;  still,  be  was  di  terniined  u|]()ii 
the  vast  undertaking,  and  sacrificed  himself  witb  as  much  /(o.;or,  it  will,  |,i;r. 
haps,  be  acknowledged,  as  did  Leonidas  at  Tbermopylse. 

Sir  Williani  Berkeley  intended  to  have  sent  him,  as  a  present,  to  the  kliii; 
>f  England ;  but  assassination  deprived  bim  of  the  wretched  satisfaction,  and 
fauved  the  chief  from  the  mortification,  f 

None  of  the  Virginia  bistorians  seem  to  have  been  informed  of  tlio  tnie 
date  of  this  lost  war  of  Opekankanougk;  the  ancient  records  of  Virginia, sii\s 
Mr.  Burk,  are  silent  even  upon  u'o  events  of  it,  (an  extraordinary  oinissiuii.) 
Mr.  Beverly  thinks  it  began  in  1G39,  uad,  although  Mr.  Burk  is  satisfied  that  it 
took  place  after  1641,  yet  be  relates  it  under  the  date  1640.  And  we  arc  not 
certain  that  the  real  date  would  ever  have  been  fixed,  but  for  the  inestimable 
treasury  of  New  England  bistoiy,  Winthrop's  Journal.  X 

That  it  took  place  subsequent  to  1641,  Mr.  Burk  assures  ns,  upon  the  evi- 
dence of  the  MS.  records ;  for  they  relate  that,  m  1640,  one  John  Burton  had 
been  convicted  of  the  murder  of  an  Indian,  and  that  bis  puuishinenl  wa.s 
remitted,  "at  the  intercession  of  Opekankanougk,  and  his  great  men."  And 
that,  in  the  end  of  the  year  1641,  Tlwinas  Rolfe,  the  son  of"  Pocalionlas,  peti- 
tioned the  governor  for  permission  to  visit  bis  kinsman,  Opekinkanough,  and 
Cleopatre,  the  sister  of  his  mother.  That,  therefore,  these  events  haiiptucd 
previous  to  the  war,  and  death  of  Opekankanougk.  § 

NicKOTAWANCE  succccdcd  Opekunkonougk,  as  a  tributary  to  the  Engli4 
In  1648,  he  came  to  Jamestown,  witli  five  other  chiefs,  and  brought  20  beaver 
skins  to  be  sent  to  King  Charles.  He  made  a  long  oration,  which  lie  con- 
cluded with  the  protestation,  "that  the  sun  and  moon  should  first  loose  tliiir 
glorious  lights,  and  shining,  before  he,  or  bis  people,  should  ever  more  lure- 
after  wrong  the  English." 

ToToi'OTOMOi  probably  succeeded  JVickotawance,  as  be  w;;3  king  of  Pa- 
munkey  in  1656.  In  that  year,  a  large  body  of  sirange  Indians,  called 
Rechakecrians,  came  down  from  the  inland  mountainous  country',  and  forcibly 

*  Bererlij,  Hist.  Virg.  51.  t  See  British  Empire  in  America,  i.  240, 1. 

i  Whetlier  it  be  preserved  in  Ilening's  Statutes,  I  have  not  learned,  but  presumed  it,l'roin 
the  inference  of  Bancrofl. 

%  Like  rriost  of  the  early  writers,  th'  author  of  A  New  Description  of  Virginia,  {i  CoW. 
Mais.  Hist.  Soc.  ix.  Hl^  speaks  of  the  Indians  in  terms  dictated  by  indiunation.  "Their 
great  king,"  he  says,  "  Opcrliankenowj  that  bloody  monster  upon  a  hundred  years  old.  was 
taken  by  Sir  Wiliiam  Berkely."  Thi.s  tract  was  published  u)  1G59,  but  no  date  is  given lo 
the  massacre. 


UMOI.       [Book  IV, 

'  the  mossacri!  tliu 
iti-,'UCH  li(!  liu,|  |,r,,. 
md  tin;  elusticiiy  i,\' 

tl)  Vuiso  tlic  i'yi.|i,|^ 

e  iM!  iiitt)  the  iiami^ 
nl  him,  Ijuilianmvlv 
i  8uppos(!il  to  Lav",, 
:  of  the  <il(l  cliiffj 
;  a  great  l;iistl,.  unj 
s  eyelids ;  \shvn  li,^ 
lutiinely  ciiKKj.r'ny  i.; 
tied,  as  it  were,  iVim, 
^ncd  not  ti>  oiisniv. 

e\|)ii-iiii,'  hivaili  i,i 
i  to  him.  Wiiciitlie 
■Had  it  Jco!  mij  f„r- 
lid  not  jiieanii/'  Imu 
)ircd. 

.t  it  was  ov;;iiji!  to  the, 
rh  to  deteniiiUi;  upuii 
rtlieless,  coiitbniiiilii« 

expected  witiri'  cdh. 

and  English  villii;;(.'s 
han  500  niih^s,  with  a 
(vas  diterinined  u|Miii 
ich  ho::or,  it  will,  piT- 

presont,  *q  the  kiiis! 
ched  satisfaction,  and 

informed  of  tlic  true 
;ords  of  Virginia,  says 
traordinary  oinissiun.) 
urk  is  satisfied  that  it 
640.  And  \vc  arc  not 
jut  for  the  inestiinuhlc 

iures  ns,  upon  tlie  ovi- 
ne John  Burlon  M 
lis  ptuiishmc'iit  was 

lis  great  men."  And 
of  Pocahontas,  \m- 
Opektnhanough,  and 
se  events  happenal 

utary  to  the  Englisii. 
ind  brought  20  bravir 
ation,  -which  lie  con- 
lould  first  Icose  tlieir 
ouhi  ever  morehore- 

lie  Wiis  king  of  Pa- 
range  Indians,  called 
country,  and  forcihiy 


CflAf.  ni.]       THE  CREEK  NATION.— ORIGIN  OF  THE  N>ME. 


38 


ire  in  America,  i.  240, 1. 
■ned,  but  [jrcsumed  ii,  ttom 

iption  of  Virginia,  (2  roll. 
I  by  in(li:;nation.  "ln« 
a  hundred  years  old.  was 
59,  but  nodaieiscivcuio 


pofi 


Kigefscd  thflmselvfs  of  tho  country  about  ♦ho  falls  of  James  River,  The 
lejifilatnre  of  Virginia  Avns  in  seH,si()n,  when  the  news  of  tlieir  coming  was 
fffiivcd.  Wliat  caiifo  the  F'^nglish  had  to  send  out  an  army  against  them, 
our  Hcant/  records  do  not  satL^fnctorily  show;*  lint,  at  all  events,  they 
jctcrniincil  U  once  to  dispossess  them.  To  that  end,  an  army  of  about  100 
iiieii  was  rai.sed,  and  put  under  t'le  direrlion  of  Colonel  Eilwnril  Hill,  who 
«as joined  by  Totopotomoi,  w'ah  I.  J  of  his  wnrrioi-s.  They  did  not  find  the 
Recimliecrians  unprepared,  but  of  the  particulars  of  the  meeting  of  the  ad- 
verse imilit;s  wo  are  not  informed.  The  event,  however,  was,  to  the  allies, 
i,io<t  disastrous.  Totopotomoi,  with  tho  most  of  his  men,  was  slain,  and  the 
Endisii  suffered  a  total  defeat,  owing,  it  is  said,  to  the  criminal  management 
ot' Colonel  Hill.  This  officer  I 'st  his  commission,  and  his  property  was 
taken  to  defray  tho  losses  sustained  by  the  country.  A  peace  seems  to  have 
Ijeeii  concluded  with  the  Indians  soon  afler. 


9ii0e 


CHAPTER  III. 

OflUc  Creek  Indians — Miiskogccs — Prohihit  the  use  of  ardent  spirits — Tlieir  rise  and 
{mortanrc — Their  orirrin — (Jntawbns — Chikasnus — Chcrokecs — Amodcofflattcnins 
tkir  hcnds — Complfrioii  lighter  than,  other  Indians — Seniinoles — Ruins  at  Oak- 
ml"'e  Fields — Expedition  of  Soto — Kills  ^000  Indians — Laudonnicre — Gonrges' 
(ipr'  'ion — Grijalra — Moytoy  made  emperor  of  the  Cherokees — Sir  Jllerandcr 
humming — His  travels  among  the  Cherokees — Seven  chiefs  accompany  him  to  Eng- 
innd—MakuUakiUla — Skijaoustah — His  speech  to  the  king — His  death. 

h  the  preceding  chapters  of  this  book,  much  lias  been  naiTated  of  the 
foiitlii'iii  nations  in  general ;  and,  in  ])articular,  of  many  prominent  indi- 
viduals 1111(1  events.  It  is  designed,  in  the  jtresent  chapter,  to  sjieak  more 
partiiMihiily  upon  the  events  of  the  great  nation  of  Creek  Indians. 

It  will  he  ])ro|ier,  ill  ilie  first  jilace,  to  give  some  general  account  of  the 
nation,  whose  men  of  eminence  have  been,  and  are  to  be,  noticed  ;  for  there 
arc  some  facts  that  will  not  nereasarily  fall  in  otherwise ;  but,  in  such  di- 
src.'^.^ion,  if  so  it  should  lie  termed,  our  chief  axiom  is  not  overtimied,  which 
Rthat  to  write  the  history  of  the  men  of  a  countiy,  is  to  write  the  history 
oiMirh  rouiitry.  The  reader,  however,  should  be  reminded,  that  a  general 
i^^i  ton  of  a  people  at  one  ])oriod,  will  not  exactly  apply  to  them  at  another. 
This  oiwrvation  is  not  only  true  with  regard  to  their  jiolitical  and  civil  liis- 
inry,  liiit  also  in  regard  to  the  manners  tind  customs  of  the  same  nations: 
ih'fc  liicts  arc  true,  both  as  they  regard  people  called  civilized,  as  well  as 
ilio.*o  called  savage.  Hence,  dcseri]>tions  of  tribes  or  nations  by  one  observer, 
at  one  time,  differ  from  those  of  another  at  a  different  period  ;  and  yet  both 
may  ho  true  hi  the  main  particidars.  Stiuhnts,  therefore,  not  aware  of  this 
faci,  inayhe  disposed  to  discredit  writers  for  such  disagreements,  which,  in 
fart,  are  altogether  innginary.  But  it  is  time  to  commence  upon  the  imme- 
diate iuisiness  of  the  present  cha|)ter. 

Tiie  Creek  Indians  take  their  name  from  that  of  the  country  in  which  they 
iivc;  that  is,  the  English  fjave  them  die  name  of  Creeks,  because  their 
fonntiy  is  full  of  creeks. 

'  Ry  ihc  followiiiif  prcnnililp  and  rosnive  ot  the  legislaluro,  all  we  possess,  toiioliina;  lliis 
mllfr.  is  In  be  a;athorp(l : — ■'  Wlierrns  informnlioii  linlli  hern  received,  tlint  many  western  or 
inl.iiid  Indians  pre  drawn  from  llie  mountains,  and  lately  set  down  near  the  falls  of  .lames 
liiior.  to  tho  nninbcr  of  G  or  700,  wlierehy,  upon  many  several  considerations  beinjr  had,  it  is 
comivod  great  danger  iniffht  ensue  to  tiiis  rolony.  This  assemlily,  therefore,  do  think  lit 
and  rc<olvc,  liiat  these  nesv  come  Indians  be  in  no  sort  sufl'ered  to  seat  their  eives  there,  or 
anyplace  near  us,  it  havini;;  eost  so  much  blood  to  expel  and  extirpate  those  perfidious  and 
trparlierouii  Indians,  wliicli  were  there  formerly.  It  bein"-  so  a|)t  a  plare  to  invade  us,  and 
*iilmi  ilic  limits,  wiiich,  in  a  just  war,  were  formerlv  eonquered  bv  us,  and  by  us  reserved,  at 
ite  conclusion  of  peace,  with  the  Indians."    liurk,'ll\il.  Virginia",  ii.  103. 


'm>mi 


i  I- 


*1 


^^  r%. 


84  CREEK  LANGUAGE.— CTIEl'OKEE  INVENTION.        [Book  IV 

The  iintion  of  most  iinpoi-tnncn  niiionf?  the  Creeks  was,  m  1775  tlio 
Muskof,'ceH.  Tliat  community,  <•»•  iiution,  like  tin.  lro(iiioiH,  wuh  more  ]i'(,|j,jp 
tlmii  tluir  iieiglilioi-s,  ami  vastly  increased  tiieir  strengtii  and  importaiife  \n 
enc()ina<,Mnf^  small  declining  tribes  to  incorporate  iiu;mselves  with  tiiciii.  \i 
one  tiiiic,  anutl  (\r  njost  wi-se  resolution  was  ado|)tcd  among  them,  whi('||,u||f„,, 
all  others,  should  b's  mentioned  ;  that  was  a  ])rohibitii)n  of  the  ini|)ortati()n  of;.]] 
kinds  of  ardent  si)iritH  into  their  country.  How  long  this  resolution  wm  nmii,. 
tained,  or  at  whut  jteriod,  cannot,  at  this  time,  be  stated.  It  was  very  |ir(il)ali!v 
ut  tlu!  period  of  their  greatest  prosperity,  which  was  just  before  the  brcikihi' 
out  of  th(!  revolutionary  war.  The  JVIuskogees  had  another  excellent  roj,'ulutiiiii" 
namely,  the  men  assisted  their  v/omen  in  their  planting  before  Hettiii},'  out  nii 
their  warlike  and  other  expeditions.  This  was  called  the  Creek  naiidn 
which,  in  wiiat  was  called  its  best  days,  about  178G,  contained  17,000  souls ••' 
but  they  were  reckoned,  in  1829,  at  'iO,000.  ' 

Some  have,  latterly,  given  the  name  of  Creeks  only  to  a  part  of  the  natidn; 
of  which  we  have  begun  to  treat;  but  it  is  here  intended  to  inchuh;  nndcrtliai 
head,  all  the  tribes  between  the  Savannah  on  the  east,  the  Missifssippi  o^  ii,,, 
west,  and  the  country  bordering  on  the  Ohio  on  the  noith. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  their  hingnage,  which  will  answer  tolcmlih 
well  as  a  specimen  of  all  the  southern  languages,  from  Carolina  to  ilii; 
Mississippi : — 

Jsti  tsukhvlhpi  laksakat  Tshihofv  inhomitsi  tomis ;  momais  fvtsv  opimalio. 
yan  im  afvlski  tomis.  f  In  English,  Lying  lips  are  a7i  abomination  to  the  Lord; 
but  they  that  deal  truly  are  his  delight. 

The  following  is  Choktau  reckoning:  Aclivfa,  1,  Tuklo,  2,  Tin liiim, :]_ 
Ushta,  4,  Tahlapi,  5,  Ilanali,  C,  Untuklo,  7,  Untuchina,  8,  Chakali, !),  Pokoii,  lO. 
Hy  jH-efixing  auh  to  the  names  of  the  digits,  they  arrive  ai  20;  tiieii,  l»\  jn-e. 
fixing  Pokoli  (10)  to  the  series  of  digits,  they  arrive  at  30,  and  so  on.f 

The  Cherokees  have  now  a  written  language,  and,  befoie  the  late  trnulil,^ 
with  Georgia,  were  making  good  advancement  in  all  the  useful  aiis.  ik^ 
of  the  most  remarkable  discoveries  of  modern  times  has  been  made  liv  a 
Cherokee  Indian,  named  George  Guess,  lli.s  invention  was  that  of  a  sylliibic 
al|)habet  of  the  language  of  his  nation,  which  he  applied  to  writiiij;  v.iih 
imparalU'led  success.  Yonng  Cherokees  learned  by  it  to  write  letters  to  tluir 
friends  in  three  days'  time;  and  although  die  inventor  used  a  part  of  tlie 
English  alphabet  in  making  up  his  own,  y(;t  he  was  acquainted  with  riontliir 
language  but  the  Cherokee.  This  invention  was  breughc  to  maturity  in  Wi. 
Two  years  after,  a  newspaper,  called  the  Cherokee  PnreNiy,  was  estaWisId 
in  the  Cherokee  notion,  printed  chiefly  in  Cherokee,  with  an  J^n^diLJi  tr,in.4 
tion.  §  Being  considered  an  independent  nation,  they  institutod  a  i'uiiii  of 
government  similar  to  that  of  the  United  States. 

It  was  some  time  after  the  Natchez  massacred  the  French,  that  the  principal 
nation  of  Creeks,  the  ftluskogees,  began  to  rise  into  in'-^ortance.  For  a  time 
after  that  memorable  event,  the  country  of  the  Natclu-z  was  desolate;  lim 
when  some  years  had  ela])sed,  a  tribe  seated  thcmselvc:  there,  and  it  i)iTiuue 
the  seat  of  a  jiowerful  nation ;  and  this  was  the  Rluskogees.  Tiiat  na:ion, 
like  the  ancient  Romans,  had,  in  about  30  years,  extended  their  dominions 
over  a  lertile  country  near  200  miles  square  ;  had  3500  bow-men,  and  50  con- 
siderable tov.ms.  They  had  dominion  also  over  one  town  of  the  Shawniic* 
Their  chief  places  were  upon  the  branches  of  the  Alabama  and  the  Apalaclii- 
cola  rivere ;  the  people  upon  the  latter  being  called  the  loiver  Creeks.  Tliii 
as  well  as  the  other  nations  whom  we  call  Creeks,  are  generally  supposed  to 
have  originally  come  from  the  south  or  south-west;  but  the  Indians  tliPiii- 
selves  believe,  or  pretend  to  believe,  that  they  came  from  the  east,  or  place  of 
the  sun's  rising;  concerning  which  opinion  we  may  observe  once  for  all,  ilia! 
it  most  probably  had  the  same  origin  among  all  ignorant  people,  wliicli  arcse 
from  no  other  than  a  desire  that  othei-s  should  tliink  them  descended  fromtlit 

*  ]'.  ■;■,  common  to  reckon  a  third  warriors. 

t  'I'liis  specimen  I  take  from  a  lillle  volume,  called  the  "  Muskogee  (Creek)  Assisimt.'' 
published  in  Roston,  1835,  by  the  Am.  Board  of  Com.  for  Foreign  Missions. 
i  Choktau  Arithmetic,  printed  as  above, 
j  Hist.  Missions,  ii,  354. — Missionary  Herald. 


[TION.        [Book  IV, 

)  was,  in  1775,  tli^ 
)is,  wuH  mori'  juiliijf 
uiid  im|t()rtniiri!  Iiy 
L'lv(!H  witli  tlii'in.  Ai 
g  thcm,\vliic|i,ulinvc 
the  iiiipoiiulion  (if  all 
I  resolution  wiw  imun. 
It  wus  very  prnlmlily 
;  before  tlio  hrcnklns; 
!r  exfcllent  ro),'iilatliiii, 
before  settiiif,'  out  dn 
hI  the  Creek  iiaiinn, 
tamed  17,000  souls;* 

)  a  part  of  the  natidn; 
I  to  inchule  nndcrtliat 
the  Mississippi  on  tlni 
th. 

1  will  answer  tolcralily 
tVoni   Carolina  to  ilii! 

lomais  iVtsv  opimalio. 
homination  to  the  Lord; 

Tuklo,  2,  Tucliitia,  ;\ 
1,  Chakali,  \\  Pokoh,  lO, 
vc  ai,  20 ;  then,  liy  jire- 
to,  and  so  on.  \ 
before  the  late  trnulilpj 
I  the  nsefiil  ails.   (Jm- 
8  has  been  made  liy  a 
DU  was  that  of  n  syllahlc 
pplied  to  writiiij;  wiih 
;  to  write  letters  to  iluir 
tor  used  a  ])avt  of  the 
ua'iited  with  no  oilier 
hi  to  maturity  in  If'ii. 
HCENiy,  was  estalilisiri 
ith  an  Englibli  traiislii- 
ly  institutecl  a  i'oriii  of 

rcnch,  th.nt  the  principal 
iv'iortance.     for  a  time 
•ht'Z  was  desolate;  bui 
vr^-  there,  and  it  lin-iiii? 
iiskogces.    Tliiit  m-M. 
tended  their  (loiiiiiiioiB 
0  bow-men,  and  50  con- 
lown  of  the  Shawano* 
ibama  and  the  Ai)alaflii- 
the  loicer  Creeks.   Tins, 
•e  generally  supposed  to 
but  the  Indians  them- 
-■omtheeast,  orp!acpof 
observe  once  for  all,  liia'. 
rant  ,)eopie,  which  arw 
lein  descended  from  the 


[uskoffpo  (Creek)  AssisiMi.' 
Ill  Missions. 


ctiT.  in.) 


COUNTRY  OF  THE  SOUTHERN  INDIANS. 


95 


mn'  that  being  th'j  most  glorious  and  nobli  origin  of  whieli  they  eonld  con- 
ceive. Indeed,  siieli  is  not  ii'together  unnatuiul ;  l()r  that  luminary  quickens 
ml  enlivens  every  thing  that  hits  life,  whether  animal  or  vege;al»le. 

ik'siiile  the  IMuskogees,  the  Kataiihali.'^,  or  CatavvhaM,  Cherok»!e.s,  Choktaus, 

juiI  I'iiikasnuH,  were  other  numerous  tribes  spread  over  the  great  country 

oi'wliirli  we  have  spoken. 

The  Kataubahs  ami  the  Chika.saiiH  were  very  warlike  ;  but  their  vicinity  to 

Eunmeii"**  was  an  detrimental  to  tli;;in,  and  even  more  so,  than  their  own 

exterminating  wai-s :  for,  as  in  other  cases,  as  soon  as  an   intercourse  com- 

uicneeil,  (l<(gradation  and  ruin  followcsd. 

The  Clierokees  hive  withstood  the  deletery  effects  of  civilization   nnich 

beviiiul  what  can  l)e  .^aid  of  any  otiier  trilx;  of  Indians.     Their  country  is 

chietlv  in  Alabanui,  Mississip|)i,  and  Tenne.ssc^e;    but  they  occupy  also  the 

western  part  of  the  state  of  Georgia.     Before  the  war  of  1812,  their  country 

covered  24,000  stiuaro  miles.*     Numbers  of  this   tribe  have  emigrated  to 

Arkaiisavv. 

The  Choktaus  possessed  a  coimtry  not  so  filled  with  creeks  and  rivers  as 

the  Miiskorees.     This  circmnstance,  it  is  said,  was  a  great  hinderanco  to  their 

pro«|ii'rity ;  for  in  their  wars  with  their  neighbors,  they  suffered  greatly  from 

thtir  ii.aiorance  of  swiimning.     There  were  Upjjer  and  Lower  Choktau  towns ; 

ihc  former  were  situated  ahout  1(50  mi!"s  from  the  Chikasau.s,  atid  the  latter 

jlifliit  200  above  New  Orleans.     Tlie  pe  ,)le  of  this  nation  flattened  their  heads 

t)v  wearing  hags  of  sand  on  them,t  and,  according  to  Father  Hennepin,  I  the 

heads  of  all  the  Indians  upon  the  Mississippi  are  flatter  than  those  ot  Canada. 

It ij said  also  that  they  are  of  a  lighter  complexion;   but  this  has  reference 

only  to  the  IMuskogees,  according  to  some  writers.     The  Choktaus  princi- 

paliy  inhabit  Mississippi.     They  were,  in  1820,  set  down  at  25,000  souls,  and 

ajv  "rather  increasing. 

TlieCI'ikasan?.  are  supposed  to  have  come  from  the  west  of  the  Mississi[)pi, 

and  as  it  was  a  custom  among  the  Creeks  for  their  unoccupied  lands  to  be 

taki'ii  by  any  that  came  among  them,  as  emigrants,  the  Chikasaus  found  no 

obstacles  in  the  wiiy  of  establishing  themselves  on  this  side  the  Misi-;i.-!si{)pi. 

Where  tiiey  first  established  themselves  is  unknown,  but  in  1770  they  were  a 

perfiil  and  warlike  nation,  and  were  seated  upon  the  western  brancht;s  of 

ilioMohile.    The  tribe  of  Yazoos  belonged  to  this  nation.     The  Chikasnus 

reside  ill  Mississippi,  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee.    They  do  not  exceed  41)00 

m  number. 

The  Seminoles  were  a  nation. made  up  similar  to  many  othei's,  and  chiefly 

ofMiiskogees.    The  Creeks  called   them  Seminoles,  which  signified  wildj 

hecause  they  had   estranged  thems  '•  es  from  their  former  country.    This 

I  naiiiiu  was  principally  seated,  40  years  ago,  npon  the  rivers  Apalachicola  and 

Flint,  and  had  a  large  town  on  Calos  Bay,  on  the  west  side  of  East  Florida. 

I  Tiicy  now  reside  in  Florida,  a  scattered  remnant  of  about  1200. 

The  names  alone  of  the  different  clans  or  tribes  of  these  nations  would  fill 
I  jeviial  pages,  and  it  is  not  necessary  here  to  enumerate  them  ;  we  shall  there- 
fore, after  some  general  observations,  pass  to  tlie  consideration  of  those  chiefs 
1  who  have  been  conspicuous. 

There  are  npon  the  east  bank  of  the  Onkmulge,  near  its  continence  with 
ItheOeone,  beautiful  fields,  extensively  known  as  the  Oakmiilge  fields  ;  they 
[are  upon  tlie  rich  low  lands  of  the  river,  and  upon  the  elevated  part  of  them 
jare  yet  visible  remains  of  a  town.  These  fields  extend  20  miles  along  the  river. 
iThc  Creek  Indians  give  this  account  o,  'hem,  namely,  that  here  was  the  place 
Iffhere  they  first  set  down  aflcr  crossing  the  Mississippi ;  that  their  joiu'ney 
Ifrom  the  west  had  been  attended  with  incredible  suffering,  and  that  they  were 
lopposed  at  every  step  by  various  hostile  bands  of  Indians,  and  that  on  reach- 

*  Hr.  Morse's  Report. 

t  /l(':iiV — "  As  soon  as  tlie  cliild  is  born,  the  nurse  provides  a  cradle  or  wooden  case,  hol- 
lowed and  fashioned,  to  receive  the  infant,  lying  prostrate  on  its  l)ack,  tliat  part  of  the  case 
■•here  the  head  reposes,  being  fashioned  like  a  brick-monld.  In  this  portable  machine  the 
iiile  boy  is  fixed,  a  bag  of  sand  being  laid  on  his  forehead." — Bartram,  515. 

}  New  Discovery,  176. 


ill-'  "l»s^^  ■ 


,     1i 


eill 


)  «' 


30 


SOTO'S  EXPEDITION. 


[Booj  IV. 


iiij?  tlilfl  ',Inro  tlioy  fortificul  flKiinsdvoH,  and  ((nild  propced  no  further,  aiulji 
luri^lli  ^'iiiiK.'d  ui'tMiiid  and  hcratii-  i'oiM|iicrorH  in  tluir  turn. 

'I'litMc  arc  liiw  j^nattr  cinioHitu'ri  in  iIm;  hdiiiIi,  llian  lli»«  ^rrat  liiKliwiivsui 
rwad«,  which,  50  yfars  aj,'i»,  ntruck  the  Iravcllt-r  w ith  nnrpriw.  In  WChi  rinriijn 
thoy  lire  Mtill  cuHily  tra*-t'd  for  near  TiO  niilt's  in  a  straiifiit  line  upon  tlicOki,,. 
kcmiy  Uivcr.  All  history  in  Mih-nt  ahoiit  tiicni ;  and  it  \h  a  .sinj^iilur  liict  tli^i 
tht<  Indians  will  inak-  u  uhu  of  tht>ni,  hnt  HtndioiKsly  make  their  patliH  iiinnv 
other  direction.  * 

The  country  of  tht  '\ern  IndiauH  liaH  sntl'enMl  in  soriio  rcMpoctH  hh  miirli 

an  some  parts  of  Sonli.  .  erica;  it  liavinj(  heen  tiaverned  and  ovnTiin  Irmn 
tiini!  to  time  l>y  Imntls  of  iiKtrcenary  whites.  In  the  year  l')'.\t<,  /■Vn/umin/ ,/< 
Sold,  with  a  coininissiun  from  tli»>  Kmiteror  Vhnrlts  V.,  Hailed  with  a  ron^ij. 
(lahli'  Meet  fur  America.  He  was  a  I'ortnjfuese  ^{entleman,  and  Vm  h,,,,, 
with  Pizarro  in  the  cuiuiiiest  (as  it  is  cidled)  of  I'eru.  ilis  coininif«i()ii(i,ii. 
stitiit((l  him  goveri  i»r  of  Ciiha  and  f,'eneral  of  Florida. f  Altlion>,'li  iiosiiilij 
from  St.  Lucar  in  l.'>:tH,  he  did  not  land  in  I'Morida  (  until  May,  \7W,  \Vii|] 
ahoiit  1000  men,  'illJ  of  whom  were  provithid  with  horses,  he  iiiidcrtook  the 
con(|iiest  of  Florida  and  coiintri»!H  adjacent.  Aller  cutting  their  way  in  vnri! 
Otis  directions  thro'i^h  niimeruiiri  trihcH  cd'  Indians,  traversin^r  ii,M„'|y  i^^^ 
tidies  of  country,  losinjj  a  j,'reat  part  of  their  army,  their  general  di((|  iiiKm 
the  hanks  of  the  iMississippi,  and  the  survivors  were  ohiiyed  to  ItniM  vismIh 
in  whicii  to  descend  the  river ;  which,  when  they  had  ilone,  tlicy  siiinj  lyj 
Mexico.  This  expedition  was  live  years  in  coining,'  to  nothinj,^,  and  iuiiisino 
ruin  upon  its  perl'ormerri.  A  populous  Indian  town  at  this  time  stond  ntur 
near  tiio  mouth  of  the  Moliile,  of  which  Soloes  army  had  possessed  tlicinsilvis. 
TluMr  intercourse  with  tlio  Indians  wius  at  lirst  friendly,  but  at  leiij;t|i  a  i luif 
was  insidted,  which  hrun^ht  on  hostilities.  A  battle  wuh  luught,  in  wiiicli,  it 
is  said,  'MX)  Indians  were  killed,  and  K}  Spaniards. 

We  shall  not  attempt  here  to  j,'o  more  into  detail  concerninir  tlielmndol' 
marauding  Hpiniiards  iindi^r  Soto,  as  it  will  answer  the  |)reseiit  piirimsia 
observe,  that  what  has  just  been  related,  is  but  one  of  the  many  ImiclicriM 
eoniinitted  by  that  band ;  and,  moreover,  our  accounts  are  rather  iiidifttiini 
upon  tin;  whole  .illair,  and  savor  much  of  exaggeration. 

Tht!  French,  tinder  Keni  de  Laudonnien,  settled  in  Floritia  in  I'M,  mar 
where  I'ensacola  was  since  built.  The  Spaniartis  claimed  the  coiiiitiv, anj 
hence  the  blootly  wars  which  followed.  This  tirst  setlleintMit  of  the  I'lvmii, 
projectetl  by  Admiral  Colifrni,  was  stitni  broken  up  by  tiie  SpaiiiartJ!):  tlitv, 
ill  the  basest  and  most  savage  manner,  miirileretl  the  whole  colony,  A 
religious  wfir  ut  this  period  tlistractetl  the  French  nation,  and  this  (iiili;is;e 
wotilil  have  remaineil  iiiireveiigeil,  l)Ut  lor  tiit!  iiitiignation  of  an  iiiiliviibiiil. 
In  I5(i7,  Doininviue  de  Vourgts  sailed  to  I''loritla,  took  thrtie  forts  iVdiii  tlic 
Spaniards,  put  the  men  to  the  sword,  ami  liangtMl  all  the  otiier  settlers  k 
coultl  liiitl.  §  A  French  garrison  was  again  establishtjtl,  but,  being  Irtl  wiihout 
protection,  was  soon  retaken  by  the  Spaniiu'ds,  who  remaineil  masters  of  the 
country  for  more  than  a  huntlreil  years.  || 

From  these  transactions  of  antitpiity,  we  must  descenil  to  times  iieniTroiir 
own.  In  tiie  year  1730,  *^'w  Alexander  Cummhie;  travelletl  among  the  southern 
Indians,  and  from  whoso  account  we  iu*e  able  tt)  give  several  inteiTstinj;  par- 
ticulars. At  tliis  period,  he  relates  that  the  Chert)kee  natit)n  was  govenieJ 
by  seven  Mother  Towns,  each  of  which  chose  u  king  to  preside  ovtM'  tlieni 
and  their  dependants.     He  was  elected  out  of  certain  families,  and  the  drsceul 

*  WiUiauLs'sW.  Florida,  32. 

t  Chaiidon  de  Dehiidine,  Nouvoau  Diet,  llistoriquc,  art.  Soto. 

X  "  So  called,  because  it  was  first  discovered  by  llie  Spaniards  on  Pnlmc-Snnday, or, a! 
the  most  interpret,  Easter-day,  which  they  call  Pa'squa  Flonda,  and  not.  as  Tlieiiel  wriielh. 
for  the  nourishing  verdure  lliereof,"  Purchas,  769.  Modern  writers  of  discoveries  would  do 
better  wore  they  to  look  more  to  the  sources  of  information. 

^  See  an  animated  account  of  these  bloody  aflairs  in  Johnson's  Life  of  flcneral  QnM. 
i.  4«0,  &c. 

IJ  Uiipratz,  i.  1 — 3.  Juan  de  Grijalva  discovered  the  country  upon  the  Gulf  of  Mexicoin 
K'ilS,  (t{errera,'\\.  199,)  and  some  report  that  lie  carried  olf  fndians  as  slaves.  (See  H'il- 
liams's  Florida,  90.)  But  we  are  not  aware  that  the  fact  is  elsewhere  recorded.  Htnm. 
though  very  minute,  does  not  name  il.    Purchas  (812)  agrees  with  him. 


cur  Til.] 


MOYTOY  MADF.  KINO  OF  THE  rUEKKS, 


27 


iir  l."):{f*,  /•Vn/i'iKimi  . 
,  Hailed  with  u  i'hhmiI. 


Floridti  ill  15(14,  iirar 


\f,i{*  riu'"!''''''  ""'y  ""  ''"'  iiiotlH'r's  Hide.  'I'Ih'hc  vtothrr  towns  wrrc,  nrrnrdiiig 
,,if;j,.//fj<(/i(A7', 'ranmiHsir,  Kcitnuali,  ('Htf'iia>-y, 'ri'lli(|ii(i,  Mstouiowii',  Kcyo- 
v.ir,  uiid  NiM'V<''>«'<'.  I'oiir  of  tlii'Hi-  lowiiM  wcrr  williiiiit  kiiiKs  at  this  limo, 
tlii'V  liiivinv'  •■i<'d.  Hotiii'  tuwiiH  had  nriiiciH,  as  our  niitlmr  callrd  llinii; 
Maiiii'l>. ''"""""*"' '"""'  >^''"*'<'l"'» '"••' i  I'nHsrttcluT,  one  ;  IwaMscc,  oiii' ;  'I'rl- 
lii|ii„,  two  ;  'raimasi-ic,  two;  ( "aimoMlcc,  one  ;  (-'owtc,  one. 

'I'lic  cliit'C  Mdiifoi/  wits  called  eiiiiieror,  and  |»residcd  over  tin*  seven  towiiH, 
|,il7;{().  I'is  resi<l'eMee  was  ut  'i'elli(|iio.  On  the  U  April,  this  year,  d(>|tiitieH 
I'riiiii  nil  p'lits  of  the  nation  met  at  Neqnassie,  and  in  |»resenee  ol"  Sir 
.ihidiiilei'  Ciiinmhif:;  and  I'i  other  I'liitdishnien,  declared  .Uoi//o(/ emperor ;  hn 
liinjiiif  Ikm'Ii  nominated  Ity  Sir  jUtiitnikr.*  'I'he  nation  consentrd  to  rccrivfi 
.»/ui//()V  "^  •'"'''■  l^'"W'  provided  he  was  ht^ld  acconntahl"  to  Sir  .Uvxnnilir.  At 
til,  ciicinoiiy  •'!'  declariiif?  Moi/laif  kinj,'  or  emperor,  l»y  whose  order  Sir 
■jlfinniler  was  placed  in  a  chair,  liims(>ll'  and  tin;  conjurers  standing'  id)ont 
Iiini.iiml  a  tliroiij,' of  warriors  "stroki'd  him  with  Vi  eagles' tails,  and  their 
4ii,i;ii',x  suiiff  from  morniiif,'  till  nij^ht."  Alhir  this  was  done  w ith,  he  madi;  a 
.inrcli  to  the  f;reat  concourse  of  liiilinns ;  in  w  hi<-h,  amon^  a  ^iuh[  deal  hcsides, 
III  ilis|tlayed  the  power  and  jroodness  of  tlm  kin;f  heyoiid  the  great  water; 
mil  "rtMiiiiied  jUoy/oi/ and  all  the  head  warriors  to  acknowledjre  themselveH 
iliiiit'nl  Niiiijects  and  sons  to  King  iStor/rc"  "all  which  they  did  on  tln^ir  knees, 
iiillinjr  upon  every  tliin|;  that  was  terrihie  to  them  to  destroy  them,  and  that 
ilitviiii;j;lit  ht'com*!  no  people,  if  they  violated  their  promise  and  oheclience." 

till'  next  day,  \  April,  "the  cr«iwii  was  bronj^ht  from  f;reat  'rannassic, 
uliiili,  with  five  eaj;les'  tails  and  lour  scalps  of  their  enemies,  Moi/Idi/  pre- 
>  iiird  to  Sir  .'Ucranilrr,  impowerin;;  him  to  lay  the  same  at  his  majesty's  feet." 
liiininiiiiers  were  well  pleased  with  the  Eiiffiish  haron,  and  told  him  th<y 
wiiilii  liiliow  all  his  dire-ctioiis.  "That  when  la;  letl  them  they  would  still 
oniisiiicr  him  as  present  in  the  p(!rson  of  Moiftoi/  of  Telliiino,  who  would 
|iiiiiiiimlly  do  what  In;  had  hid."  Sir  Jlkxamhr  was  now  at  'raimas.>-ie,  400 
miles  fniin  Charleston,  uccording  to  !iis  ntckoning,  and  had  hut  J. '>  days  to 
arrive  1 1 uTC  in,  to  go  for  I'ligland  in  the  Fox  maii-of  war,  which  was  then  to 
snii.  lie  therefore  asked  Moi/toy  if  the  Indians  could  travel  there  in  so  short 
a  time  on  foot.  The  chief  said  it  might  be  done,  and  that  he  would  iiavo 
arnmipaiiiod  him,  hut  for  the;  dangerous  illness  of  his  wile,  and  re(pieslod  him 
loi'lioose  such  as  he  desired  from  among  his  people,  to  go  with  him.f 

AiTordingly,  Sir  Mexmidsr  chosen,  as  evidences  of  what  had  hi'npened, 
%rt£riM<a, i  the  head  warrior  of  Tassetchie,  "a  man  of  gn^at  pi  ;r  and 
iiitircst,  who  had  n  right  to  be  a  king,"  JiUakidlnkuUa,  and  Olassitc  .)r  (Jula- 
fi/f,  a  third  wan'ior,  CoUannaJi,  a  fourth;  "and  from  Tannussii;,  the  remotest 
tuwiiofthe  country,  he  took  ClogoUtali  and  OnJcanaekuli,^  warriors."  About 
'i\  miles  from  Charleston  they  met  with  the  warrior  Ounnkannoti'ine,  a 
Irii'iid  of  these  chiefs,  "who  had  just  come  from  the  Kattarbe  nation,  and 
desired  to  go  along  with  his  countrymen,  to  which  Sir  Jilexander  constuited." 
Tliey  went  on  board  the  Fox,  a  man-of-war,  and  sailed  from  Charleston 
Bay  4  May,  and  arrived  at  Dover  5  June;  thus  performing  a  passage  across 
llie  Atlantic  in  a  month  and  a  day,  in  1780,  not  much  inferior  to  what  is  done 
now-a-(lays.    At  Dover  Sir  Jilexander  "  took  })08t  to  London,  with  the  crown 


»  This  part  of  the  sentence  is  upon  the  authorily  of  a  good  writer,  (llewatt,  Hist.  Carolina, 
ii.5,)  bul  Sir  Alexander  docs  nol  s;iy  quite  as  inuoli  in  his  account. 

t  Mo}\iotj  was  a  biuor  enemy  al'terwards.  In  1758  l,c  went  with  his  warriors  to  a  place 
failed  Statiquo,  and  killed  several  whites,  without,  \x:  \  "as  said,  any  provocation.  Hewatt, 
K.'2iO. 

{ Or  Kilagusta.  Tliis  chief  was  one  of  the  set^cn,  f.s  will  appear  immediately  onward, 
alliiough  Sir  i4/ejca)irfcr,  in  his  communication,  does  net  name  him.  Neither  (hies  lie  name 
AUakutlakutla,  or  Oulassite;  yet  it  is  certain  they  were  both  in  Ena^land,  and  we  believe  at 
this  time ;  tliey  make  up  the  number  seven,  with  those  named  in  his  own  narrative.  'I'hat 
AtlakuUakulla  was,  see  Hewatt,  ii.  221,  and  Wynne,  ii.  280,  n.  We  can  only  account  for  the 
blanks  in  the  narrative,  by  supposing  that  Sir  Alexander's  amanuensis  (lit)  not  understand 
jiiiD,  (lor  he  did  not  write  himself,)  ai  I  the  enumeration  of  the  chiefs  which  he  took  with  him, 

ii  very  blundering.    Thus,  after  naming  one  only,  it  is  set  down,  "  and ■ 

a  third  warrior,"  &,c. 

4  Perhaps  Ockonostota,  who  was  called  the  great  warrior  of  the  Cherokee  nation.  Hewail, 
ii.  217. 


t 


^^i; 


38 


cur.r.K  ruiF.Fs  visit  kngland. 


[noo«  IV 


ITIIl^lt;     111111(111    \ll     III!       V-'IH.HFI\ll       I  111  IKIIirvy    l^'    V»»llii        I"    ^aiiltL 

tlio  treaty  vvuh  Hnislicd,  n  rertitifd  copy  was  prcHi'iited 
Mexnndtr  Cumminff ;  iipon  wliieli  Skijaf^uslah,  in  tliu 


of  tho  (^hfrokfo  iintion,  lcaviii),f  the  Indiana  lieliiiid  »o  rnriic  up  with  the  mnn 
of-war.     lie  Iri  ihi'  w  cntary  nCHtatc  iiimn'diatc|\  kii'iw  that  hr  had  lull  per 
from  that  nation  t<»  lay  tlicir  crown  at  his  inajiNty'H  ti-i  t,  and  iliit  he  iiml  lii(Mi|f||[ 
over  Hcvcn   Indian  cliiilH,  aH  an  <vid('nn' of"  the  inilh.     His  niajcNtv  wiis  irrn. 
ciouHly  |»h'asrd  to  order  i^\r  .'llfTdniUr  to  hrinK  in  Idn  people  to  the  iiiMtalliiiion 
tho  IHtl:  (dJnne,  where  thev  were  extremely  MurpriHed  at  the  mMffnilicinc,.  ,,|' 
every  tiling  alioiit  them:  tiny  compared  the  kin^  and  i|necn  to  the  .'tim  i;|„ 
princcM  to  tiie  Htarn,  and  themselves  to  nothinf^.     On  the  'Wd  ol"  .Iii||,.\i||. 
Mexiindvr  was  introduced  to  his  majesty,  and  npon  his  Ivnee,  in  pcs.nri. i,f 
tlie  conrt,  declared  ilie   i'nii   power  lie   had  received,  the   Indian  clijci;  ,,(|| 
kneeling'  at  the  same  tim<>,  us  a  testimony  ol' their  suhmisslon  and  aitproliiiiiiin 
Sir  Jlkxnntlfr  lind  tlu!  crown  of  the  Cheroket!  nation  at  his  majeniy  s  liit,  hhI, 
the  five  eaj,des'  tails,  as  an  «'ml)lcni  of  his  majesty's  sovereiffnty,  anil  lour  sciIih 
of  Indian  enr-mies;  all  which  his  majesty  was  gracionsly  pleased  to  arc('|)t  ci;" 

While  in  Kngland,  they  made  a  treaty  with  the  kinj;,  every  article  of  \v||j,.|, 
WU8  accompanied,  on  his  part,  with  presents  of  some  sort  or  other:  mh-ji  j,^ 
cloth,  J(ini8,  vermilion,  hatchets,  knives,  &,c.  This  treaty  was  dated  m  Wliii,. 
Imll,  7  September,  17;M),  and  from  it  we  get  the  names  of  the  seven  ihiiis,  |( 
l)egins,  "Whereas  you,  Scayaoiihta  OrKAn,  chief  of  the  town  of  Tiwctir 
you,  HcAMi.oHKKN  Kktauusta  ;  you,  TK-rnTowK  ;  yon,  Cloooittah  ;  ymi' 
Coi.an.nah;  yon,  U>na('o>ov  ;  you,  Oucounacou,  have  lieen  <iepiil((|  in  liuj 
whole  nation  of  the  Cherokee  Indians,  to  come  to  d'reat  Hrilain,"  *  ^c.    '\\\,.j 

•nted  to  the  chiels  by  Sir 
"iii  namo  of  the  \v|iu||., 
nia(h;  tlie  following,'  speech  : — 

"  We  are  conu!  hither  fi'om  a  mountainous  place,  where  nothinjj  liiit  dark- 
ness is  to  he  foimd  ;  hut  we  are  now  in  a  place  wheri!  there  is  li^riif.  Tluro 
was  n  person  in  our  coimtry,  he  j,nive  us  a  yellow  token  of  warlike  lioimr, 
which  is  left  with  Moi/loif  of  'l\dli(|uo,  and  as  warriors  we  received  ji.  ||,, 
came  to  us  like  a  warrior  irorn  you.  A  man  ho  is  ;  his  talk  is  upright,  miil  the 
token  ho  left  preserves  his  memory  among  us.  Wo  look  upon  you  iw  if  die 
great  king  were  present ;  we  love  you  as  representing  the  great  kiii^',  Uu 
Bhull  die  in  the  sanu;  way  of  thinking.  The  crown  of  our  nation  is  (litllTtiit 
from  that  which  the  great  King  Gkoroe  wears,  anil  from  fliat  we  saw  in  ihe 
tower.  But  to  us  it  is  all  one.  The  chain  of  friendship  shall  he  run'i*'(l  to 
our  people.  We  look  upon  the  great  King  George  as  the  sun,  and  iis  mir 
father,  and  upon  ourselves  as  his  children.  For  though  we  are  red,  ami  you 
are  white,  yet  our  hands  ami  hearts  are  joined  together.  When  wi-  shall  lime 
acquainted  our  ]teopie  with  what  we  have  8(!en,  our  children  from  gencrutinn 
to  generation  will  always  remember  it.  In  war  we  shall  alwavs  ho  one  with 
you.  The  enemies  of  the  great  king  shall  lie  our  enemies,  llis  i)en|)!c'  and 
ours  shall  be  one,  and  shall  die  together.  We  came  hither  naked  and  jHioriL'i 
the  worms  of  the  earth,  l)ut  you  have  every  thing,  and  we  that  have  notliini,' 
must  love  you,  and  will  never  break  the  chain  of  friendship  which  is  hciwci  n 
us.  Here  statids  the  governor  of  Carolina,  whom  we  know.f  This  .-niiill 
rope  \  we  show  you  is  all  that  we  have  to  bind  our  slaves  with,  and  it  may  he 
broken.  But  have  iron  chains  for  yours.  HoAvever  if  we  catch  yi)iir  Aawi, 
we  will  bind  them  as  well  as  we  can,  and  deliver  thern  to  our  friends,  anil  take 
no  pay  for  it.  We  have  looked  round  for  the  person  that  was  in  our  country 
— he  is  not  here  :  However,  we  must  say  he  talked  uprightly  to  us,  and  we 
shall  never  forget  him.  Your  white  people  tnay  very  safely  build  liouses  near 
us.  We  shall  hurt  nothing  that  belongs  to  them,  for  we  are  children  of  one 
father,  the  great  king,  and  shall  live  and  die  together." 

When  Skijagiistah  had  proceeded  thus  far,  he  laid  his  feathers  upon  a  table, 
and  closed  as  follows : — 

*  Report  of  the  Comiiiissioiicrs  (173G)  on  the  Affairs  of  Georgia,  p.  63.— If  Attaknllahh 
were  among  these  chiefs,  he  went  under  another  name,  as  did  also  OiUacite.  See  a  few  pasjes 
forward. 

t  There  was  at  this  time  no  governor,  though  Robert  Johnson  was  nominallj*  such.  In  1729 
the  government  of  Carolina  was  delivered  to  the  crown  of  England,  for  about  £17,000.  •^t'l* 
ion  was  reappointed  in  1731. 

i  Siring  of  wampum,  probably. 


(I). 


[Book  IV. 


rntiio  lip  witli  tlic  i,  „. 
Mliiit  III'  Imil  lull  |„      ^ 

IIMil  Illllt  he  llllilliiiMljiht 

Mis  iniijt'Hty  wiis  ifr^i. 
iM»|ilc  t<»  the  iiiHinlluii,,,, 
I  at  llic  iiuiffiiiliiTii,.,.  |,|' 
(I  (jiUM-n  to  tlic  mm,  til,. 

I    till'    '^J(l    dl'  Jiiiir,  ^,|. 

lis  kiii't',  ill  pri'sriii,. ,,|' 
,  tlm  liidiiiii  cliici;  .,11 
lisnioii  ami  aiiiinili.iiinii. 
[  liin  iiiiijruty.s  li'i't,  Huli 
Tcij^iity,  and  li»iir  si'iiljn 
ly  pli'twcil  tit  acci'pt  i,|." 
;,  cvt'i-y  artii'li'  of  wliiil, 
sort  or  otlicr:  sin'li  us 
ity  wan  (latftl  at  Uhii,.. 
of  the  si'vi'ii  chills,  Jj 
r  tim  town  of  'i'lbsi'tii; 

oil,    ('l.OOOITTAIi;    Vdll, 

vt'  IxM'ii  (It'piitt'd  l)\  t;,,, 
It  Uritaiii,"*  \:i>,  Alnr 
ed  to  till!  rliii'ls  In  Sir 
le  nan  10  of  the  wiiolp. 


r'hcro  notliiiig  hut  ilark- 
I!  tlicrc  is  li;rlit.  TIhio 
token  of  wiirliki'  liiiiinr, 
oi'H  wn  ri'ccivnl  it.  lin 
s  talk  is  iipriirlil,  ninl  ilie 
look  ii[ton  you  iHil'tlie 
ig  the  s^rcat  kiiii',  \Vi; 
jf  our  nation  is  ilitliivnt 
from  tliat  we  saw  in  ilie 
dsliip  shall  ho  cunit'il  to 
as  tlio  sun,  and  as  mir 
ugh  we  arc  red,  anil  you 
r.  When  we  shall  imve 
hildren  from  geni'rution 
diall  always  he  one  witi; 
emics.  llis  prn|)lc  iiiid 
litlier  naked  ami  piiorib 
d  we  that  have  notliiii!.; 
iidsliip  which  is  lu'twicii 
we  know.f  This  Mimll 
aves  with,  and  it  iiuiy  lie 
•  if  we  catch  your  shivi's, 
1  to  our  friends,  and  tiike 
I  that  was  in  our  coitntry 
[  uprightly  to  us,  uml  we 
safely  build  houses  mar 
r  we  are  children  of  one 
I 

his  feathers  upon  a  table, 


»-ia,  p.  53.— If  Altakulhblk 
'o  Outacite.    See  a  few  pn?« 

was  nominally  such.  h\'p 
nd,  for  about  £17,000.   ic/i* 


1%-^' 


OlTTACETE, 
duel  oC the  CHRKOKKES 


.NVNV^^ 


^  IT' 


IKOKEES 


U  «; 


^^ 


'^  5;: 


m 


J  "hi 


•V'l? 


W' 


mi 


£i«j 


CHIP.  IV.] 

«This  is  our 
the  book  are  to 
confinnation  of 

In  October,  I 
govenior  of  Caj 
tliey  went  over. 

Skijapi^tah,  ( 
Oitcconnostota,  c 
very  old,  and  di( 


Sdllment  of  Caro 
land  with  Gene 
the  Spaniards— 
— Attakitllak 
kgins— Govern 
misacred — Col 
hcs  tube  Fort  L 
subdues  the  Chci 

The  presiimpti 
tlie  soutlierii  shor 
Georgia,  in  1732 
joiiriml  of  Sir  H\ 
fondly  ciierished 
years  iiad  elapsec 
place  near  Yamn 
in  wliicli  was  bur 
U|)on  that  spot. 
tlie  place  might  b 
TOMOCIIICII 
small  band  of  Cr 
couutrytnen,  fled 
until  about  1732, 
the  liigli  land  of 
the  place  where  t 
They  consisted  of 
been  called  Bocac 
the  English,  iiiim( 
the  tribe  of  Cowei 
the  son  of  Old-hr 
Creeks,  with  eight 
las,  Cusseta,  their  i 
From  the  tribe  o 
io  and  Ougachi,  t 
Chepchaws,  Oiithl 
captains,  with  thn 
Rohin,  two  war  en 
anendarits.    From 
five  attendants.    F 
I  lish  Long-king,  Kc 
farrior,  and  three 

,    'Many  gentlemen 
W  llic  colony  j  some  i 
(oiilribuiion  of  one  m 
"Ivcr  boat  and  spoon 
g»eir  accordingly'."— 
t  Report  of  Uie  Coi 

3* 


CBiP.  IV.] 


70MOCHICHI. 


29 


KThis  is  our  way  of  talking,  which  is  the  same  thing  tfi  us  as  your  lettore  in 
the  book  are  to  you,  and  to  you,  beloved  men,  we  deliver  these  feathers  in 
confinnation  of  all  we  have  said." 

In  October,  the  Indians  end)arkcd  at  Portsmouth  witii  Mr.  Johnson,  the 
governor  of  Carolina,  for  their  own  country,  and  in  the  same  ship  in  which 
tiiev  went  over. 

Skiias^i^f^i  o**'  ^^  '"*  ^^^  sometimes  called,  Kittagvsia,  "was  brother  of 
OiiiCconnostota,  or  the  great  warrior,  and  also  chief  of  Chotc.  lie  lived  to  be 
very  old,  and  died  in  May,  1768. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

Sfllkment  of  Carolina  and  Georgia — Tomochichi  receives  the  English — Goes  to  Eng 
knd  mill  General  Oglethorpe — Makes  a  speech  to  the  King — His  death — War  with 
the  Spaniards — Outacitik — Malachty — Attakui.lakui-la — Indians  murdered 
—Attakullakulla  jtrevenls  retaliation  upon  whites  in  his  potoer — Chcrokev  War 
JKirlns — Governor  Littleton's  expedition — Imprisons  their  Ambassadors — Thcij  are 
vHiisacred — Colonel  Montgomery  sent  against  them — Battle  near  Keoicee — Cliero- 
kcesliil>e  Fort  London — SitoucE — Saves  the  life  of  Colonel  Byrd — Colonel  Grant 
subdues  the  Chcrokees,  and  they  make  peace  with  the  whites — Chlucco. 

The  presumption  is  pretty  strongly  supported,  that  Sir  Walttr  Roiesli  visited 
tlie  southern  shores  of  North  America.  When  General  Oglethorpe  landed  in 
Gforgia,  in  1732,*  O.  S.,  and  communicated  to  the  Indians  the  contents  of  a 
imiriml  of  Sir  Walter's,  they  seemed  to  have  a  tradition  of  him,  which  they  had 
fondly  cherished ;  although,  if  the  pereou  they  met  were  Ralegh,  a  hundred 
years  had  elapsed  since  he  was  there.  They  pointed  out  to  3Ir.  Oglethorpe  a 
"place  near  Yamacraw  bluff,  since  Charleston,  on  which  was  a  large  mound, 
inwiiich  was  buried,  they  said,  a  chief  who  had  talked  with  Sir  Walter  Ralegh 
u])on  that  spot.  The  chief  had  requested  his  people  to  bury  him  then;,  that 
the  place  might  be  kept  in  veneration. 

TOMOCHICHI  was  the  principal  chief,  or  Mico,  as  chiefs  were  called,  of  a 
sniall  band  of  Creeks  and  Yamasees,  who,  having  in  some  way  offended  their 
coiiutryinen,  fled  their  country,  and  "  wandered  about  in  the  woods  some  time, 
uiilil  about  1732,  when  they  begged  leave  of  this  government  to  sit  down  on 
the  high  land  of  Yainacraw,  on  the  south  side  of  Savannah  river,  at  or  near 
the  place  where  the  new  town  of  Savannah,  in  Georgia,  is  now  situated."  f 
They  consisted  of  but  17  or  18  families,  and  their  first  chief  appears  to  have 
been  called  Bocachee.  Several  chief  men,  of  various  tribes,  came  to  welcome 
the  English,  immediately  after  their  arrival.  "  They  were  as  follows :  From 
thetiibe  of  Coweeta,  Yahan-lakee,  their  king,  or  mico  ;  Essaboc,  their  warrior, 
the  son  of  Old-brim,  lately  dead,  whom  the  Spaniards  called  emperor  of  the 
Creeks,  with  eight  men  and  two  women  attendants.  From  the  tribe  of  Cusse- 
tas,  Ciisje^a,  their  mico  ;  Tatchiquatchi,  their  head  wai'rior,  with  four  attendants. 
From  the  tribe  of  Owseecheys,  Ogeese,  the  mico,  or  war  king;  JS/eathlovth- 
k  and  Ougachi,  two  chief  men,  with  three  attendants.  From  the  tribe  of 
Checchaws,  Outhleteboa,  their  mico,  Thlautho-thlukee,  Figcer,  Sootamilla,  war 
captains,  with  three  uttendants.  From  the  tribe  of  Echetas,  Chutaheeche  and 
Mn,  two  war  captains,  ^:he  latter  was  bred  among  the  English,)  with  four 
attendaiits.  From  the  tribe  of  Polachucolas,  Gillattee,  their  head  warrior,  and 
live  attendants.  From  the  tribe  of  Oconas,  Oueekachwnpa,  called  by  the  Eng- 
IMi  Long-king,  Koowoo,  a  warrior.  From  the  tribe  of  Eufuule,  Tomaumi,  head 
Warrior,  and  three  attendants. 

*  Many  geiiilemcn  in  England  coiitribuU'd,  in  various  ways,  this  year,  Ibr  the  advancement 
I  of  llie  ooloiiy  ;  some  in  raille,  some  in  labor,  some  in  provisions,  ami  others  as  soldiers.    'J'he 
coiiiriliuiion  of  one  gentleman,  for  its  sinjfularily,  shall  be  iiienlioned.     "  Mr.  Hume  gave  a 
tilver  boat  aiul  spoon  for  the  (irst  child  born  in  Georgia,  w  hich  being  born  of  Mrs,  Close,  wero 
given  accordingly." — Commissioners'  Report  on  Georgia  Affairs,  p.  UU. 
t  Report  of  the  Commissioners,  tU  supra,  11,  116,  117. 
3* 


i 


I.Ati; 


80  TOMOCIIICIII  AND  OTIIKUS  VISIT  ENGLAND.         [Rook  iv 

"The  IiiiiiaiiH  Ik  iii^  all  srntcd,  Oueckachumpa,  n  very  tall  old  iiiaii  stood 
and  made  a  spiccli,  uliicli  was  iiitcipivlcd  by  Mr.  ff'ifrgan  and  Mr. Musi^^n,^ i 
ill  wliicli  li(!  said  all  the  laiiilH  to  tho  ssoiitliv.'.ird  of  Suvaiuiali  River  holonJi 
to  the  (Greeks,  lie  said,  tlie  IiidiaiiH  were  poor,  Init  tlic  sumo  Power  tliat  irij^p 
tilt!  I'iiiglisli  breath,  jiavt!  tliem  breath  also.  That  that  I'ower  hud  jrivciftlii 
Kiiglish  tlie  most  wisdom.  That,  as  they  hud  come  to  instruct  tlieni,  tjiey  sijoniii 
liave  all  the  lands  which  they  did  not  use  themselves.  That  this  wus  not  onl'v 
his  mind,  but  the  minds  of  the  eight  towns  of  Creeks,  who  had,  allcr  consult 
iiif,^  tofjethcr,  sent  some  of  their  chief  iiieu  with  shins,  which  was  tiieir  wi'iiltj; 
At  this  jM'riod  of  Oueekachumpa's  speech,  some  of  the  chiefs  of  tin?  ('icri.t 
towns  brought  each  a  bundle  of  buck's  skins,  and  laid  them  down  hclbri'  % 


is  a  good  man  and  a  great  tmrrior.  It  was  on  account  of  his  ivisdorn  and  justiff 
that  the  banished  men  chose  him  their  king.  1  hear  that  the  Cherokces  lam 
killed  some  Englishmen,  I/you  [addressing  Mr.  Oglethorpe]  toill  comnumd  im 
wc  will  go  against  them  with  all  otir  force,  kill  their  people,  and  deslmj  ikil 
living." 

When  Oueckachumpa  had  done  sjieuking,  Tomochichi  drew  nenr  with  liis 
men,  and,  after  iiiaking  a  low  bow,  said, — "  /  ivas  a  banished  man,  and  I  rnne 
here  poor  and  helpless  to  look  for  good  land  near  the  tombs  of  my  ancestors,  und 
tvhcn  you  came  to  this  plact,  I  feared  you  looidd  drive  us  away  ;  Jor  tve  icere  mnk 
and  wanted  com.  But  yoi>.  confirmed  our  land  to  us,  and  gave  us  food."  Tlie 
other  chiefs  s])oke  in  the  sai.ie  manner  as  Oueekachumpa  had,  and  then  mwi 
iijion  and  executed  an  amicuUe  treaty. 

JJy  the  assistance  of  liis  interpreter,  JWaru  Musgrove,  General  Oglcthrpckii 
been  able  to  draw  together,  at  ore  time,  50  chiets  from  the  iip[)er  and  juwcr 
Creek  towns,  and,  by  his  conciliatory  conduct,  had  secured  their  frii'iKlt^Jiin 
He  next  resolved  to  take  a  deputation  of  them  to  England,  hoping  what  tluy 
might  witneijs  and  experience  there,  would  result  in  lasting  benefits  to  lioih 
their  nations  and  the  English.  Accordingly,  measures  having  been  takiii  for 
tJie  fiirthernnce  of  this  project,  the  general  and  the  Indian  cliicfs  cmhaikid 
for  England,  in  the  Aldborough  man-of-war,  and  arrived  at  St.  Ilelleiiii,  in 
the  Isie  of  Wight,  !(>  June,  1734.  The  names  of  the  Indians  were  Tomo- 
chichi, Sejvaw'ki,  his  consort,  and  Toonakowi,  the  prince,  h's  neplKw; 
also  HiLLispiJ.1,1,  a  war  captain,  and  Apakowtski,  STiiMALKcni,  Slntouchi, 
HiNGuiTHi,  and  (Jmphychi,  five  other  chiefs,  with  their  interpreter. 

Immedia'iely  after  their  arrival,  ordere  were  given  for  preparing  proppr 
habits  for  them,  in  order  to  their  being  introduced  at  court.  This  having 
been  done.  Sir  Clement  Cotterel,  knight,  master  of  the  cerenionios,  was  sent, 
August  1,  with  three  of  the  king's  coaches,  drawn  by  six  horses  cucli,  toilie 
Georgia  office,  where  the  chiefs,  all  except  one,  were  taken  in  and  carried  to 
Kensington,  where  tiieir  introduction  to  his  majesty^  King  George  II.,  took 
place.  The  one  left  at  the  Georgia  office  was  sick  with  the  small-pox,  of 
which  he  died  the  next  day.  Tomochichi,  after  presenting  the  king  with  siv- 
eral  eagle's  feathers,  which  were  considered,  by  his  nation,  the  most  respectful 
present  they  could  send,  delivered  the  following  speech  to  his  majesty:— 

"  This  day  I  see  the  majesty  of  youi  face,  the  greatness  of  your  house,  and 
the  number  of  your  people.  I  am  come  for  the  good  of  the  whole  iiutioiiof 
the  Creeks,  to  renew  the  peace  they  had  long  ago  made  with  the  Eiijrlish.  1 
am  come  over  in  my  old  days;  and,  though  I  cannot  live  Xc  see  any  advantage 
to  myself,  I  am  come  for  the  good  of  the  children  of  all  the  nations  of  the 
Upper  and  Lower  Creeks,  that  they  may  be  instructed  in  the  knowledge  of 
tlie  i'nglish.  The!?e  are  the  feathers  of  the  eagle,  which  is  the  swiltcstol^ 
birds,  and  who  flioth  all  round  our  nations.  'These  feathers  are  a  sign  of 
peace  in  our  land,  and  we  have  brought  them  over  to  leave  them  with  you, 
great  king,  as  a  sign  of  everlasting  peace.     O  !  great  king,  whatsoever  wonlj 

*  His  wife  was  the  iiilerprelcr,  according  to  M'Ch//,  i.  .V),  wiio  was  a  half  lirocd  nnmod 
Mary.  Oglethorpe  first  purchased  her  I'ricndsliip  with  prcscnls,  and  afterwards  allowed liera 
hundred  pouuds  a  year  for  her  services. — Commissioners'  Report  on  Georgia  Affairs. 


f.  I 


>•         [Rook  IV. 

old  man,  ptood, 
Mr.  .Uiij^roi'f,' 

Uivcr  l)el()ii!-eil 

Power  that  <;iiv(; 

cr  had  given  the 

lu'Ui,  they  slioul,! 

his  was  not  only 

lid,  urtcr  CDiisult- 

kvas  tlieir  wtultli, 

iefs  of  tli(i  ciulit 

down  l)plon>  Mr. 

ve  possess,  hut  ire 

Tomochirlii,  ami 

rom  his  nalion,  k 

nsdom  ani/jiwlire, 

'le  Cherokus  hun 
tiAU  command  in, 
and  desiroij  ihit 

•ew  near  witli  liis 
/  vian,  and  I  rmt 
'  viy  ancestors,  uni 
;  Jor  tve  were  ie(nk 
ive  us  food."  Tlie 
d,  and  then  agiei'd 

;rtd  Og/c//ior;)f  had 

tipper  and  lower 

lA  then*  frieiul!ilii|), 

,  hoping  what  tlicy 

ng  heiiefits  to  hnth 

,  ing  heen  taken  for 

1  cliiefs  cnibaiki'd 

at  St.  Ilellenii,  in 

ians  were  Tomo- 

nee,  h>s  lu'iihew; 

LF.Cni,   Kt.M'OlCHl, 

LTpreter. 

preparing  \m]m 
Glut.  Tliis  Imviiij 
eiiionies,  was  sent, 
horses  each,  to  tlie 
;n  in  anil  carried  to 
ig  George  11,  tuok 

the  small-pox,  of 

the  king  with  siv- 

thc  most  respectful 

ids  majesty.— 
of  your  house,  and 
he  whole  iititioii  of 
ith  the  Faiglish.  1 
'  see  any  advantajie 

the  nations  of  the 

the  knowledge  of 
|i  is  the  swillestot^ 
;hers  are  a  sign  of 
[ave  them  with  you, 
r,  whatsoever  woiils 

dvas  a  hair  breed  named 
|l\erwards  allowed  her  a 
Beoc^fia  AJj'iirs. 


Chap.  IV.]        TOMOCIIICIII  AND  OTHERS  VLSIT  ENGLAND. 


31 


voii  shall  say  unto  ine,  I  will  tell  them  fiiithfiilly  to  all  tlu!  kings  of  the  Creek 
imtions."  The  king's  answer,  thongii  .short,  was,  in  the  highest  degree,  con- 
ciliiitorv',  ind  what  was  termed  gracious.* 

Wlu'ii  the  chi(!fs  were  introduced  at  comf,  his  majesty  received  them  upon 
liis  throne,  in  the  presence  chaniber,  attended  by  the  ollicers  of  sfife,  an  1  a 
niiiiieroiis  court.  Tliey  were  introduced  l»y  tho  l)iik(!  of  Grajlon,  chamlicrliiin 
i^l' l,i^  niajesty's  household  ;  and,  ufler  the  ceremonies,  they  returned  to  their 
apartments,  at  the  Georgia  oflico. 

Their  first  care,  aflr-r  returning  from  court,  Avas  to  inter  their  deceased 
coiiipiinion,  which  was  accordingly  done  with  great  ceremony,  in  tlu^  hurial- 
(rninnd  of  St.  John  the  l']vang<'list,  Westminster,  according  to  tin;  custom  of 
die  "Cherokee  Creeks,"  which  was  in  the  following  manner: — "The  deceased 
liiiijr  sewed  up  in  two  blaidtets,  with  one  deal  board  under  and  another  over 
1,1111,  ami  tied  down  with  a  cord,  was  jjlaced  upon  a  bier,  and  carried  to  the 
nhiie  of  intermc>;i.  There  were  only  i)res('nt  at  the  time  of  his  bring  put  into 
the  grave.  King  Tortio,  and  some  of  the  chiefs,  the  ui)i)er  church  warden  of 
i!ii  parish,  and  the  grave  digger.  When  the  cor|)S<!  was  laid  in  the  earth,  the 
ilDilies  of  the  decease<l  were  thrown  into  the  grave;  atler  this  a  (|iiaiitity  of 
fliiss  heads  were  cast  in,  and  tln-n  soin(!  jiieces  of  silver  ;  the  custom  of  those 
Indians  heing  to  bury  all  the  deceased's  effects  with  him." 

Altlioueh  we  have  the  names  of  all  the  chiefs  given  us  that  went  over  with 
Mr.  Oglethorpe,  we  have  not  the  mkmuis  of  knowing  which  it  was  that  died. 
liiilians  often  died  on  their  visits  to  Europe.  One  of  the  five  Iroijuois  chiefs 
Ji'iliii  England, t  in  1710,  'Uid  ol"  his  name  too  we  are  ignorant. 

Mr.  Oglethorpe's  chiefs,  after  having  been  showed  the  chief  curiosities  in 
and  about  London,  were  taken  to  Spithead,  where  the  English  fleet  lay,  that 
iky  iiiiglit  go  on  board  and  view  tlie  tremendous  ship  lirUannia,  and  some 
others  of  great  magiutude.  On  the  30  October,  1734,  a  little  j)ast  noon,  they 
embarked  at  Gravesend,  on  board  the  Prince  of  W^ales,  for  Georgia. 

Of  Tomochichi,  who  was  the  most  prominent  character  atnong  tliem,  we 
liaw  yet  a  little  to  add.  He  lived  imtil  he  had  attained  his  97th  year,  and  died 
jjOltoher,  173i),  five  years,  wanting  15  days,  afler  he  saihid  from  England. 
He  resided,  at  the  time  of  his  death,  about  four  miles  from  Savannah.  He 
MS  highly  beloved  by  the  English,  having  always  been  their  particular  friend, 
foiisrht  for  them  in  war,  and  aided  them  by  his  counsel  in  jx-ace.  llv.  was 
aivare  of  tli(!  approach  of  death,  and  expressed  but  little  desire  to  live  longer, 
as  he  should  be  imablo  to  aid  his  allies  any  more  against  the  Spaniards. 
For  General  Oglethorpi,  he  expressetl  the  greatest  tenderness,  and  entreated 
the  Indians  to  bear  in  remeitd)rance  the  kindnesses  with  which  the  king  of 
England  had  treated  him,  and  hoped  they  woidd  always  remain  "lis  subjects. 
Having  expressed  a  wish  that  his  body  might  be  buried  among  the  English  ia 
Savannah,  accordingly,  his  corpse  was  there  in'crred  in  Percival  Square,  with 
military  parade,  and  General  Oglethorpe  ordered  a  pyramid  to  be  erected  over 
it,  with  an  a|>propriate  inscrijrtion.  \ 

Thnsare  traced  the  first  steps  in  the  history  of  Georgia,  and  thus  did  every 
tliiiip  promise  a  continuance  of  that  friendshi|)  so  well  begim  by  General 
Oir/f/Ziorpi'.  Nothing  was  lefl  undone,  while  the  Creek  chiefs  were  in  Eng- 
land, to  nnpress  u|)on  their  minds  exalted  ideas  of  the  power  and  greatness  of 
the  English  nation.  The  nobility  were  not  oidy  curious  to  see  them,  but 
fiiteiiained  them  at  their  tables  in  the  most  magnificent  style.  Multitudes 
florked  around  them,  conferring  gif\s  and  marks  of  respect  upon  thetn.  The 
Hug  allowed  them  £20  sterling  a  week,  during  their  stay,  and  it  was  computed 
tliat,  at  their  return  to  America,  they  brought  presents  to  the  ainoimt  of  £400 
sterling.  After  remaining  in  England  four  months,  they  embarked  at  Grave- 
wiid  for  Georgia.  They  were  conveyed  to  the  place  of  embarkation  in  his 
majesty's  carriages.  § 

III  the  invasion  of  Georgia  by  the  Spaniards,  in  1743,  many  Indians  were 
drawn  into  the  controversy,  on  both  sides.  Toeanoeowi,  ||  or  Tooanohowi,  a 
nophew  of  Tomochichi,  was  shot  through  the  right  arm,  in  an  encounter  with 


'  //art-is,  Voyages. 

}  M'CaU,  Hisl.  Georgia,  i.  196,  197. 


t  Kaliiis  Travels  in  Atiieiica,  i.  !210. 

i  lb.  i.  45.  II  Harris. 


r^  II 


Hi 


•n 


93 


OUTACITE.-INTERVIEW  WITH  GOV.  NICHOLSON.     [Book  IV 


the  Spaniards,  by  a  Spanish  captain.     Tooanohowi  drew  his  pistol  with  liis  left 
hand,  and  shot  the  captain  tlirougli  the  head. 

Thus,  witii  the  Spaniurds  upon  one  hand,  and  tiie  Enghsli  upon  tlie  other 
and  tiin  French  in  th(!  midst  of  them,  tlie  CreeliH  and  Ciierokecs  hecaine  siib- 
ject  to  ev(;ry  possible  evil  to  wliich  the  caprice  of  those  several  nutioiis  jr^yg 
rise.  In  17*^3,  a  chief,  whose  name  we  lind  hi  writers  of  that  day,  Woo/oa*!/,,,,. 
Wooaatasate,  iruoldsaitait,  Wrosetasaloio,*  &.c.  is  styled  "Governor  of  the  Liwir 
and  Middle  Settlements  of  the  Charikees."  He  is  presumed  to  be  the  mw. 
with  Oturite.  or  OUissitc,  one  of  the  prisoners  above  eninnerated,  and  rn,,,, 
what  we  are  about  to  relate  of  him,  his  eminence  will  be  apparent.  In  170J 
Francis  JVicholson  went  over  as  governor  of  S.  Carolina,  who  was  said  to  Imyg 
been  very  successlld  in  managing  affaire  with  the  Indians.  Soon  aticr  liij 
arrival,  the  Chcrokees  tiespatched  messengers  to  Charleston  to  adjust  some 
difficulties  which  had  for  some  lime  existed;  and,  not  long  after,  anotlierinore 
full  and  complete  deputation  arrived.  Governor  jVicliolsoti  opened  the  roimcii 
by  a  long  speech  to  "  If'ootassitc,  King,  and  to  the  lieads  of  the  Lower  and 
Middle  Settlements  of  the  Charokee  Nations." 

In  the  course  of  his  speech,  he  observes,  that,  when  they  delivered  tlicir 
acknowledgments  and  |)aid  their  submission  to  the  governtnent,  "  tlic  oilur 
day,"  iliey  had  made  mention  of  37  towns  that  had  sent  down  their  clijci's  ,„i 
that  jiurpose,  and  wished  to  be  satisfied  that  these  towns  were  repn'sentcil 
that  his  words  might  l)e  carried  to  all  their  inhabitants.  After  Jayiiif;  niiirh 
stress  on  their  submission  and  respect  to  the  king  of  England,  he  speaks  thus 
sensibly  upon  their  trading  with  the  wl.'ites,  which  at  the  same  time  discovere 
to  us  the  origin  of  former  ti'oubles. 

After  ordering  that  if  either  party  injured  the  other,  restitution  should  be 
made  by  the  aggressor,  he  says,  "Frequent  com|)laints  have  been  niude  that 
your  people  have  often  broke  open  the  stores  belonging  to  our  trader.*,  and 
carry'd  away  their  goods  ;  and  also  pillaged  several  of  their  ])acks,  when 
employ'd  and  entrusted  to  cairy  them  up ;  and  restitution  has  never  been 
made,  which  are  great  faults :  We  therefore  recommend  to  you,  to  take  all 
possible  precautions  to  prevent  such  ill  practices  for  the  future,"  &c.  "  Ami  to 
prevent  any  injury  or  misunderstanding,  we  have  pass'd  a  law,  which  apiwints 
commissioners  that  are  to  go  twice  a  year  to  the  Congaree,  or  Savana  gurrisuii, 
to  hear  and  redress  all  grievances." 

"  IVoosatasate  being  a  man  in  great  esteem  amongst  you,  having  given  fre- 
quent testimonies  of  his  affection  and  firm  adherence  to  this  governnieiit,  and 
being  appointed  king  over  you  by  the  former  governor  f  of  this  province ;  ik) 
I,  who  am  sent  'mmediately  from  bis  majesty,  having  the  same  regard  lo  so 
deserving  a  man,  and  in  compliance  widi  your  own  request,  that  I  would 
constitute  [)roper  commandere  over  you,  do  now  declare  the  said  ff'oosatimtf, 
your  leader  and  commander  in  chief  over  all  the  lower  settlements  of  the 
Cherrokees,  and  give  him  a  commission  for  that  office,  under  the  broad  ml 
of  this  his  Majesty's  province,"  &c.  "  I  expect  that  you,  Woosatasate,  do,  witliia 
a  month  after  your  return,  call  together  all  the  chief  men  in  your  district,  and 
that  you  make  them  thoroughly  acquainted  with  what  I  now  say  to  you,  and 
require  of  you,  and  shall  give  directions,  that  all  the  Englishmen  amongst  you 
shall  be  at  that  meeting.  That  your  ancient  government  may  be  restored,  I 
recominend  to  you  to  keep  yoin*  young  men  in  that  due  decorum  they  iis'd  ;o 
be,"  &c.  This  treaty  was  held  3  February,  1721,  O.  S.,  or  this  is  the  date  to 
Governor  JVicholsori's  speech  ;  but  it  appears  by  our  account  that  it  was  the 
middle  of  March  before  the  Indian  deputies  left  Charleston. 

Although  there  were  events,  in  every  year,  of  importance,  yet,  in  this  place, 
we  shall  take  up  tlie  period  rendered  more  memorable  by  the  distinguished 
chiefs 


*  Hewatl,  I.  298. 

t  James  Moore,  who,  according  lo  Hewalt  (I.  27G),  was  put  into  office  in  opposition  loilie 
regular  course,  l>v  a  kind  of  revolutionary  spirit.  See  Oldviixon,  who  is  far  more  particular, 
1.^48.— Jifoore  was  elected  in  1701.  flic  author  of  "  The  British  Dominions,"  (145.)  ss.M 
the  Indians  were  cruelly  treated  during  his  administration.  There  were  several  other  govera- 
ors  before  Nidiolson,  beside  Mcore, 


)LSON.      [Book  IV 
I  pistol  with  his  left 

ish  upon  tlie  other 
okoes  l)ecame  siili- 
everul  luitioiis  {.we 
at  duy,  Woo(aMil((i(', 
veniorot'tiie  Lower 
ried  to  he  llic  same 
Lunuratcd,  and  t'luiu 
apparent.    In  1T21, 
vho  was  said  to  Imve 
ms.    Soon  al\er  lils 
iston  to  adjust  some 
g  after,  anotlicr  ninre 
n  opened  tlie  coiiueil 
ds  of  the  Lower  mid 

.  they  dehvcred  tin  ir 
rerntnent,  "  the  otlnt 
down  tlieir  chiefs  .Di- 
ns were  represi'iited, 
After  laying  iiiudi 
igland,  he  speaks  tliiis 
e  same  time  discovers 

restitution  should  be 
have  been  niiulo  that 
ig  to  onr  traders,  and 
of  their  packs,  when 
tution  has  never  lieen 
end  to  yon,  to  take  all 
future,"  &c.  "Ami to 
1  a  law,  Avhich  a|)|)oiiits 
•ee,  or  Savana  gurrinun, 

you,  having  given  fre- 
0  this  government,  and 
f  of  this  province;  so 
the  same  regard  to  so 
request,  that  I  would 
re  the  said  Woosalmli, 
,\er  settlements  of  tiie 
>,  under  the  hroad  im\ 

^f" oosoiosate,  do,  witliin 
en  in  your  district,  and 

I  now  say  to  you,  and 

iglishmen  amongst  you 

aent  may  be  restored,! 

edocoruin  they  us  d  to 

S.,  or  this  is  the  date  to 

account  that  it  was  the 

jston.  , .    , 

tance,yet,inthisidaoe, 

,le  by  the  distinguished 


,to  office  in  opposition  10  J 

fish  Domiiiions,"  ('''-l  'J 
e  were  several  other  govern- 


CBAP.  IV.] 


ATTAKULLAKULLA. 


33 


ATTAKULLAKULLA  and  OCKONOSTOTA.*     Tlie  fume  of  Carolina 

hail  in  1753,  drawn  a  inidtitude  of  I'lnropeaiw  to  her  Hhorcs.     The  sauK-  year, 

oil  the  2(j  May,  I^Ialachtv,  attended  by  tlie  Wolf-king  and  the  Ottanee  chief, 

with  n!)ont  20  otiiers,  and  above  u  hmidred  of  their  j)eople,  came  to  Ciiarleston. 

Xhev  were  met,  on  their  way,  by  a  troop  of  horsemen,  who  conchicted  them  to 

(lie  town,  by  tiic  governor's  order,  in  gn.'at  state.     This  was  to  induce  them 

tDiiiake  peace  and  remain  their  allies,  ai.J,  to  this  end,  the  governor,  Glenn, 

iiKulc  a  very  jmcific  speech,  in  the  Indian  manner.    Mnlachty,  who,  at  this 

time  yeeins  to  have  been  the  head  ciiief  among  the  Creeks,  [)resented  tho 

('(ivernor  with  a  quantity  of  skins,  and  readily  consented  to  a  jjeact;  with  the 

J;iii;|ii;li ;  but,  in  regard  to  a  peace  with  the  Cherokees,  he  said,  that  was  a 

niiiiU'r  of  great  moment,  and  he  must  deliberate  with  his  people,  before  he 

fimid  give  an  answer.     The  Cherokees  were  already  under  the  protection  of 

the  Kiiglish,  and  some  of  them  '  ad,  not  long  bcjforc,  been  killed  by  the  Creeks, 

ill  the  very  neighborhood  of  Charleston.    The  party  which  committed  this 

oiiirane  was  led  by  Malachty.    Notwithstanding,  a  cessation  of  hostilities  seems 

mhave  taken  place,  for  nurid^ers  of  each  natioti  joined  the  P^nglish  immediately 

after  the  capture  of  Oswego,  by  tho  French,  in  175(}.    The  Cherokees  arc 

partieulariy  named,  as  having  rendered  essential  service  in  the  expedition 

ai'itiiist  Fort  Du(iuesne  ;  but  a  circumstance  happened,  while  those  warriors 

wiri'  returning  home  from  that  expedition,  which  involved  ihem  in  an  iiume- 

iliaic  war  with  the  English,  in  whose  service  they  had  l)een  engaged.    Having 

lost  their  horses,  and  being  worn  out  with  toil  and  fatigue,  on  coming  to  the 

frijiitiei"s  of  Virginia,  they  picked  up  several  of  those  animals,  which  belonged 

to  the  inhabitants  of  the  places  through  which  they  travelled.     This,  Dr.  Rain- 

jqt  says,  was  the  cause  of  the  massacre  which  they  suffered  at  that  time. 

But  Mr.  Mair,\  who  lived  then  among  tho  Itidians  in  those  pans,  says, 

-•'Several  companies  of  the  Cheerake,  who  joined  our  forces  under  Gen. 

Sdim'ix,  at  the  unfortunate  Ohio,  aftirmed  that  their  alienation  from  us  was 

k'causc  they  were  confined  to  our  martial  arrangement,  l)y  unjust  suspicion  of 

ilicni— were  very  much  contemned, — iind  half  starved  at  the  main  camp : 

ikir  hearts  told  them,  therefore,  to  return  home,  as  freemen  and  injiu'ed  allies, 

tliongli  without  a  supi)ly  of  provisions.     This  they  did,  and  pinching  hunger 

forced  them  to  take  as  much  as  barely  supported  nature,  when  returning  to 

tlifirown  country.    In  their  journey,  the  German  inhabitants,  without  any 

provocation,  killed,  in  cool  blood,  about  40  of  their  warriors,  in  different  places 

-though  each  party  was  under  the  command  of  a  British  subject."    It  must 

be  remembered  that,  ujjon  BrcuMonk's  defeat,  Virginia  had  offered  a  reward 

for  the  scalps  of  hostile  Indians.     Here,  then,  was  an  inducement  for  remoi-se- 

less  villains  to  murder,  and  it  was  impossible,  in  many  cases,  to  know  whether 

a  scalp  were  taken  from  a  friend  or  an  enemy.     Out  of  this,  then,  we  have  no 

liesitation  in  saying,  grew  the  excessive  calamities,  which  soon  after  distressed 

the  southeni  provinces.     Forty  innocent  men,  and  friends,  too,  nutrdered  in 

cold  blood  by  the  backwoodsmen  of  Virginia,  brought  on  a  war,  which  caused 

as  much  distress  and  misery  among  the  parties  engaged,  as  any  since  that 

mm  of  country  was  planted  by  tlie  whites. 

At  one  place,  a  monster  entertained  a  party  of  Indians,  and  treated  them 
kindly,  while,  at  the  same  time,  he  caused  a  gang  of  his  kindred  ruffians  to  lie 
in  ambush  where  they  were  to  pass,  and,  when  they  arrived,  barbarously  shot 
them  (Iowa  to  a  man !  The  news  was  forthwith  carried  to  the  Cherokee 
niition,  and  the  effect  of  it  upon  the  minds  of  the  warriors,  was  like  that  of 
electricity.  They  seized  tiieir  tomahawks  and  war  clubs,  and,  but  for  the 
wisdom  of  Mtakvllakvlla,  would  have  murdered  several  Englishmen,  then  in 
llieir  country  upon  some  matters  respecting  a  treaty.  As  Atlakullakxdla  was  a 
chief  sachem,  he  was  among  the  first  apprized  of  the  murders,  and  the  desigu 

*  Oiicoiinostotah,  Oucomiostota,  Ouronnostata,  Wynne. — Oeconostota,  Ramsay. — Attakul- 
Mtitlu  was  generally  called  the  Little  carpenter. 

tHisl.  South  Carolina,  i.  KW. 

t  Hist.  Amer.  Indians,  2't5.  That  the  Indians'  takin»'  horses  was  no  pretext  for  (he  murders, 
wnai  the  lime,  appears  evident.  "As  (says  Captain  M'Call,  i.  237.)  the  horses  in  those 
pans  ran  wild  in  the  woods,  it  was  customary,  both  among  the  Indians  and  while  people  on  Vha 
tjoaiiers,  to  catch  them  and  appropriate  ihem  to  their  own  use." 


St     i'>i,  vJ.it 


■•-Kftl 


84 


ATTAKULLAKULLA.— LITTLETON'S  ILL  CONDUCT. 


[Book  IV. 


Chap.  IV.]    ATI 


of  vengennc.^.  He  therofore  goes  iinriicdiutcly  to  them,  and  informed  tlicmnf 
their  danger,  vnd  assisted  tlieni  to  secrete  tlieniselves ;  then,  witliout  loss  of 
tijne,  he  assembled  ids  warriors,  and  made  a  speecli  to  them,  in  wliidi  lip 
inveigiicd,  witii  great  bitteriuiss,  against  tlio  murderous  Engh.sli,  uml  nrir,.! 
immediate  war  against  tliem  ;  "  and  never  (said  Ije)  atuUl  live  halchtl  be  Iniridl 
until  the  blood  of  our  countn/inen  be  atoned  for.  Let  ua  not  (lie  continued)  viaki' 
our  faith,  or  the  laws  of  hospitiUity,  by  imbruinff  our  hands  in  the  blood  of  thim 
who  are  now  in  our  power.  They  came  to  us  in  the  confidence  of  frieiulnhip,  wjif. 
belts  of  toampum  to  cement  a  perpetii/U  alliance  toilh  v^.  Let  us  carry  tlie„t  hnrk 
to  their  own  settlements  ;  conduct  them  safely  within  thiir  confines,  and  iken  tub 
up  the  hatchet,  and  endeavor  to  exterminate  the  whole  race  of  them."  This  cihium,) 
was  adopted.  Before  connnencing  Ijostiiities,  however,  th(!  inurderfift  win. 
demanded,  but  were  blindly  refiised  them,  and  we  liave  related  the  cons! 
quenccH. 

The  French,  it  was  said,  used  their  influence  to  enrage  the  Indians;  but  if 
that  were  the  case,  we  should  not  deem  it  worth  ti'.ming,  as  it  a|t|)euis  to  us 
tlmt  nothing  more  could  be  necessaiy  to  inflame  tliem  than  the  iioiiid  (im. 
rages  of  which  we  have  spoken. 

It  appears  from  another  source,*  that  Governor  Littleton  was  met  at  Clmrlis. 
ton  by  a  deputation  of  32  Cherokee  chiefs,  among  whom  was  Ockonoshtu 
who,  on  hearing  of  the  warlike  movements  at  that  place,  had  set  out  to  visit 
the  English,  and  if  possible  to  prevent  a  war  with  tiiem.  For  altliouf;li  some 
of  tlieir  young  warriors  had  committed  several  acts  of  violence,  yet  the  urtut 
body  of  the  nation  were  friendly  towards  the  Englisii,  and  desired  iicun', 
But  instead  of  seizing  on  this  opportmuty  of  treating  witii  tiie  ciiiel's,  lie 
insultingly  told  them,  "That  he  would  soon  be  in  their  country,  wjure 
he  would  let  them  know  his  demands."  Ockonostota  began  to  sjicak  ia 
reply,  "  but  the  governor  being  determined  that  nothing  should  prevent  ijj 
military  expedition,  declai-ed  he  would  hear  no  talk  he  had  to  make,  iieitlier 
in  vindication  of  his  nation,  nor  any  proposals  with  regard  to  i)eace."  The 
Lieutenant-Governor  Bull  saw  the  bad  policy  of  this  step,  and  urged  tlie 
necessity  of  hearing  what  Ockonostota,  the  Great  ffarrior,  as  he  was  ciilled, 
Lad  to  say,  and  settling  their  difiiculties ;  but  this  good  advice  had  no  ctiect 
on  Littleton,  and  he  marched  from  Charleston  in  October,  a  few  days  after. 
At  a  place  of  rendezvous,  about  140  miles  from  that  place,  his  force  aiiioiiiitpd 
to  about  1400  men.  The  chiefs,  by  order  of  the  governor,  had  marclied  with 
the  army  to  this  place,  and,  although  burning  with  resentment  at  tlieir  trealiin'iit, 
yet  they  discovered  no  signs  of  discontent.  When  the  ai-my  was  about  to  iiian  li 
fi'om  Congarees,  (this  being  their  place  of  rendezvous,)  the  chiefs  were  all  ma:  o 
prisoners,  and  under  gum*d  were  marched  to  Fort  Prince  George,  f 

Their  resentment  now  showed  itself;  "  stimg  to  the  heait  by  such  base 
treatment,"  they  cringed  in  sullen  silence,  and  we  may  suppose  tlmt  "  they 
spent  their  time  in  conceiting  plots  for  obtaining  their  liberty,  and  satisfaction 
for  the  injuries  done  them."  J 

Being  now  at  Fort  Prince  George  with  his  army,  Littleton  found  himself  in 
about  the  same  repute  with  his  own  men  as  with  the  injured  ludimis;  he 
therefore  concluded  not  to  carry  his  conquests  any  further  at  jjresent,  hut  to 
make  a  treaty,  and  retain  captive  Indians  enough  as  hostages  to  insure  its 
observance.  He  therefore  sent  a  messenger  to  Attakullakulla,  who  was  reck- 
oned the  wisest  man  in  tlie  nation,  or  the  best  friend  to  the  English,  request- 
ing him  to  come  to  Fort  George.  He  immediately  came ;  and  to  show  the 
English  he  was  their  friend,  produced  a  French  prisoner  whom  he  had  just 
taken  in  an  expedition  against  that  nation,  and  whom  he  presented  to  Gov- 
ernor Littleton.  A  "  congress "  was  now  (about  18  December,  1759)  held 
with  Attakullakulla,  in  which  a  long  speech,  in  which  all  the  grievances  he 
could  think  of  were  enumerated  by  the  governor ;  after  which  the  cliief 
made  another,  in  which  he  promised  to  do  all  he  could  to  persuade  his  coun- 
trymen to  give  tlie  governor  the  satisfaction  he  demanded;  yet  he  said,  "it 


*  Hewatt,  Hisl.  Carolina,  ii.  216. 

t  This  fort  was  upon  the  Savannah  River,  near  the  Cherokee  town  called  Keowee. 

X  Hewatt,  Hist.  Carolina,  ii.  18. 


:T.      [Book  IV. 

irmed  tlit'in  nf 
vitliout  loss  of 
I,  ill  wliicli  ii(. 
iwli,  mill  iir|{(.(l 
alchtl  he  liurial 
iitimuul)  vidlnit 
t  blood  (if  (/lose 
frkmlshij),  with 
carry  them  hnrk 
3,  aiid  Ihen  hih 
'  Tliis  ('(iiiiN.i 
iniirdcn'i-R  \vtr(! 
mloil  till'  ciiiis.'. 

Indiaiis ;  lint  if 
it  iii)|H'iirs  to  us 
the  lioriiil  oui. 

i  met  ut  Cimrlps. 
vus  Oc/tonoj/ij|(i, 
(I  set  out  to  visit 
r  althouuli  wm 
ICC,  yet  the  {.Ttiit 
I  desired  pi'iici;, 
\v  the  chiel's,  he 
country,  where 
gall  to  spciik  ia 
ould  prevent  i.is 
to  iniike,  neither 
to  peace."   Tlie 
p,  and  urged  ilie 
[IS  he  was  ciillpil, 
ice  had  im  efl'ect 
a  lew  days  after, 
s  force  aiiiouiiteil 
ad  inarched  witli 
it  their  trealniciit, 
as  about  to  nwnli 
lels  were  all  niiu.c 
^orge.t 

art  by  such  base 
)ose  that  "they 
and  satisfaction 

found  himself  in 
ured  Indians;  lie 
at  present,  but  to 
iges  to  insure  its 
a,  who  was  reck- 
English,  re(iiiest- 
and  to  show  the 
/hoin  he  had  jusi 
)rescnted  to  Gov- 
mber,  175lt)  held 
the  grievances  he 
which  the  cliiet 
ersuade  his  coiin- 
yet  he  said,  "it 


lUed  Keowee. 


pg^,.  IV.]    ATTAKULLAKULLA.— IMPRISONMENT  OP  HOSTAGES.  35 

KJlliPr  wouhl  nor  couhl  bo  complied  with,  ns  they  lind  no  coen-ive  niitbority, 
one  over  another."  He  desired  tiiat  some  of  the  chiefs  then  confmiMl  mi;rht 
|)f  iiiiirated  to  aid  him  in  restoring  traiiqiiillity ;  and  nccordiiigiy  OckonoaUAa, 
/l/Jof,  ciiief  of  Keowee,  mid  the  lieud  warrior  of  Kstutoe,  wen!  given  up,  and 
nviihidians  were  taken  in  excliaiige  and  put  in  irons  Tlie  otiier  Clierokeea 
present,  observing  wliat  was  going  tbrward,  withdrew  into  the  woods,  and  .'W- 
ii^ullnkidla,  presuming  tJie  iiusiness  must  end  liere,  witlidr(;w  also.  It  had  Iteen 
ppiiiisod, or  rather  demanded,  in  tlio  governor's  speecli,  that  '24  Iiuliaiifi,  who 
were  known  to  huvo  killed  wliite  people,  shouhl  be  given  into  his  hands  to  bo 
put  to  death,  or  otherwise  disfKJsed  ot.  Two  only  hud  bei.'ii  delivered,  and  22 
utreiiiained  of  the  niimlier  of  the  murderers,  in  their  own  native  Ibrests. 
'  As  soon  naLitUelon  kunw  of  MukuUakulld's  di'imrturo,  ho  sinit  for  him,  and 
lie  imiiiediately  returned,  and  tho  business  of  a  treaty  was  renewed,  and  on 
ihe  ^  December,  1759,  it  was  signed  by 

Attakuli.akulla,  Otassite,  Oconnoeca,  and 

OUCONNOSTOTA,  KiTAOUSTA,  KiLLCANNOKEA. 

By  article  III.  of  the  treaty,*  it  was  agreed  tliat  22  chiefs,  (those  who  had 
Ivtii  treacherously  seijsed,)  should  remain  as  hostages,  to  ensure  the  delivery 
of  the  like  number  of  murderei-s  to  the  English.  There  seems,  however,  to 
!iave  been  but  21  retained,  whose  names  we  are  able  to  give  below,  and  who, 
uiiiIlt  the  name  of  hostages,  were  thrown  into  a  dismal,  close  ]>risoii,  scarce 
tee  enough  for  six  men,  where  they  remained  about  two  months,  anil  were 
llieu  inasacred,  as  in  the  sequel  we  shall  show: — 

Ckmhe,  Ousanntannh,  TaUichamn,  Tallitahe,  Qiiarrasattahe,  Connasaratah, 
kkdui,  Olassiie  of  Watogo,  Ousannletah  of  Jore,  Kataeletah  of  Cowetche, 
(kisquatulone,  Skiagusta  of  Sticoe,  Tanaesto,  IVohnkhe,  fVyejah,  Oucahchista- 
mKyicolche,  Tony,  Toatiahoi,  Shallisloske,  and  Chislk.] 

Tilings  having  been  thus  settled,  Mr.  Litlldon  returned  to  Cliarleston,  where 
he  was  received  like  a  compieror,  although  what  he  had  done,  it  will  appear, 
was  worse  than  if  he  had  done  nothing. 

Qthnosiota,  for  good  reason,  no  doubt,  entertained  a  deep-rooted  hativ 
apiiiist  Captain  Cotymore,  an  officer  of  tho  garrison,  and  the  army  had  but  just 
left  llie  country,  when  it  was  found  that  he  was  hovering  about  the  garrison 
with  a  large  number  of  warrio'  s.  But  it  was  uncertain,  for  some  time,  wheth- 
er ihey  intended  to  attack  the  fort,  or  whether  they  wished  to  continue  near 
tkir  iiiends,  who  were  imprisoncsd  in  it.  However,  it  is  said,  that,  by  some 
means,  a  plan  was  concerted  between  the  Indians  without  and  those  confined 
wthiii  the  fort,  for  surprising  it.  Be  this  ns  it  may,  Ockonostota,  on  the  16 
Fehinaiy,  17(50,  jiractised  the  following  wile  to  eftiM't  the  object.  Having 
placeil  a  party  of  his  warriore  in  a  dark  cane-brake  near  at  hand,  he  sent  a 
>i|im\vto  the  garrison  to  invite  the  commander  to  come  out,  for  he  had  soine- 
iliiin'ot"  importance  to  communicate  to  him.  Captain  Cotymore  imprudently 
went  out,  accompanied  by  two  of  his  officers,  and  Ockonostota  ajipeared  upon 
the  opposite  bank  of  the  Savannah,  with  a  bridle  in  his  hand,  the  better  to 
conceal  his  intentions.  He  cold  the  captain  he  was  going  to  Charleston  to 
(ti'eet  the  release  of  the  hostages,  and  requested  that  a  white  man  might 
acenniimny  him ;  and  that,  as  the  distance  was  great,  he  would  go  and  try  to 
catch  a  lioree.  The  captain  promised  liim  a  guard,  and  hoped  ho  would 
succeed  in  finding  a  horse.  Ockonostota  then  quickly  turned  himself  about, 
and  swinging  his  bridle  thrice  over  his  head,  which  was  the  signal  to  his 
men,  anil  they  prompdy  obeying  it,  about  30  guns  were  discharged  upon  the 
officers  at  the  same  moment.  Captain  Cotymore  received  a  shot  in  his  hift 
bast,  from  which  he  died  in  two  or  three  days  after,  and  both  the  others 
were  wounded.  |:    Ou  recovering  the  fort,  an  attempt  was  made  to  put  the 

*  It  is  printed  at  length  in  Ihe  British  Empire,  by  Huddkstone  Wynne,  Esq.  ii.  273 — 
■k;  an  author  of  no  inconsiderable  merit  on  our  afTairs. 

t  Several  of  these  22  were  of  Ihe  number  who  had  been  in  England  in  1730,  and  executed 
atrcaiy  with  the  king,  as  has  been  before  stated,  and  as  will  be  seen  by  comparing  llic  r.ames 
akove  with  tiiose  named  in  the  treaty, 

t  "Two  Indian  women  appeared  at  Keowee,  on  Ihe  other  side  of  the  river.  Mr.  Doherty 
*ent  out,  and  accosting  Uiem,  asked  what  news  ?    Ockonostota  joined  ihem,  pretending  some 


:^2!i' :!kii 


30 


CHEROKEE  WAR— MONTGOMERY'S  EXPEDITION.     [Booj 


IV 

howtngcs  ill  iroiiH.  An  Ennliishmnii,  who  laid  liolil  on  ontsof  tlicin  foitlmt 
purpoHi',  wiiH  (smltlx'tl  iiiiil  Kliiiii ;  anil,  in  tlin  smtHr,  two  or  tliitf  iiKirc  wi re 
wounded,  and  driven  out  of  tin;  place  of  eondnf-nient.  'V'nc  trap'dj  in  t\„. 
fort  liad  now  oidy  eonnnenced  ;  tin;  ininerable  priHoners  had  repiUcd  t||,.j, 
asHaHsins  lor  the  moment,  and,  douhlless,  honed  for  deliveranct-  Ihim  t|||.,r 
friends  without,  who  had  now  closely  besiej^ed  the  place.  Ihit,  nnlurtiirmhlv 
for  llu!s»!  poor  wretches,  tiie  fort  was  too  strong  to  be  carried  by  their  arts  filMur 
and  the  dastardly  whites  found  tiniu  and  means  to  murder  their  victinis,iiii('|,v 
one,  in  a  manner  too  liorrible  to  relate.*  There  wen;  few  iicrsoim  niiiiinj; 
the  Cherokeeu  who  did  not  lose  a  friend  or  relation  by  this  massacre;  iiinl, as 
one  man,  tlu;  nation  took  up  tlu;  hatchet,  and  desolations  ipiickly  followiil. 

Meanwhih',  singular  as  it  may  ai>pt!ar,  Jltlakullakulla  remained  \\w  i;,,! 
friend  of  lh(!  whites,  and  used  all  his  arts  to  induce  his  countrynicii  to  mnk" 
peace.  IJut  it  was  in  vain  be  urged  them  to  consider  tiiat  they  liiul  indn 
than  revtuiged  themselves;  they  wen!  determined  to  carryall  het'ori!  tiiun, 
JlttukullaktUla  was  now  an  old  man,  and  bad  become  much  attaclicil  to  tin: 
English,  from  several  causes.  On  thc^  other  hand,  Ocfto/ios/o/a  wiisasiirii 
warrior,  in  the  vigor  of  manhood,  and,  like  the;  renowned  Pontiac,  was  ijiier- 
mined  to  rid  bis  country  of  bis  barbarous  enenues. 

The  IcMiders  in  evtiry  town  8(!ized  the  hatchet,  telling  their  followijrs  tliiit  the 
spirits  of  murdered  brothers  were  flying  around  them,  and  calling  out  tiir  vm- 
geance.  All  sung  the  war-song,  and,  burning  with  impatience  to  inihriic  tlnir 
bands  in  the  blood  uf  their  enemies,  rushed  down  among  innocent  and  de- 
fenceless families  on  the  frontiers  of  Carolina,  where  men,  woimii,  ami 
children,  without  distinction,  fell  u  sacrifice  to  their  merciless  fury.  Smii 
of  the  whites  as  fled  to  the  woods,  and  escaped  the  scul|iing-knif(',  iniislinl 
with  hunger.  Every  day  brought  fresh  accounts  to  the  capital  of  ilnir 
ravages  and  desolations.  But,  while  the  back  settlers  impatiently  lookiil  to 
their  governor  for  relief,  the  small-jiox  raged  to  such  u  degree  in  town,  tliiit 
few  of  the  militia  could  be  prevailed  on  to  leave  their  distressed  taniiliisio 
serve  the  public.  In  this  extremity,  an  express  was  sent  to  General  .imhtnt, 
the  commander-in-chief  in  America,  for  assistance,  in  terms  too  |)r(.'ssin;;  \» 
be  denied.  Accordingly,  he  ordered  a  battalion  of  Higblaiulei-s,  and  llmr 
comi)aines  of  Royal  Scots,t  under  the  connnand  of  Colonel  Monticminj, 
afterwards  Earl  Eglinton,  to  embark  at  New  York  for  Carolina.  In  liie 
mean  time,  Lillkton,  having  been  appointed  governor  of  Jamaica,  IRIm 
Bull  succeeded  him ;  a  cdiange  much  to  the  advantagt;  of  the  i)roviiice. 

Colonel  Montgomerif  arrived  in  Carolina  towards  the  end  of  April,  to  ik 
great  joy  of  the  peo|)fe,  who  bad  taken  measures  to  cooperate  with  liiin  to  tin 
best  advantage ;  but,  as  the  coufiiiest  of  Canada  was  the  grand  object  now, 
General  Amhtrat  had  ordered  Colonel  Montgomery  to  strike  a  sudden  hlow  tor 
the  relief  of  the  Carolinians,  and  then  to  retin-n  to  head-(juart<'rs  at  Alliany, 
without  loss  of  time;  and  we  have  scarce  an  examph;  in  nii'itnry  liistnrv. 
where  an  oflicer  fulfllled  his  conunissiou  with  greater  promptitude.  Ih'  siwi 
after  rendezvoused  at  the  Congarees ;  and,  being  joined  by  many  gciitlcMiii 
of  distinction  as  volunteers,  besides  the  principal  strength  of  the  country,  In 
marched  for  the  heart  of  the  Cherokee  country.  After  reaching  a  plaro 
called  Twelve  Mile  River,  be  encam|)ed  n|)on  advantag(!ous  giouinl,  ami 
marched  with  a  party  to  siu-prise  Estatoe,  about  '20  niilt.'s  irom  his  camp.  I" 
the  way,  he  took  Little  Keowee,  and  put  every  man  to  the  sword.  I'-siaioc 
he  found  abandoned,  exce])t  by  a  few  that  could  not  escape,  and  it  was 
reduced  to  ashes,  as  was  Sugar  Town,  and  every  other  settlement  in  ili'' 
lower  nation.     About  GO  Indians  were  killed,  and  40  taken  prisoners;  but  die 

maUcrs  of  business  ;  he  drew  from  the  fort  several  of  liic  oiliccrs  lo  converse  wiili  iliciH'  - 
Haywood's  Hist.  Tennessee,  IK). 

*"  A  bottle  of  poison  was  found  with  one  of  the  dead  lioslaffes,  probably  inlrndcil  H''* 
dropped  into  the  well ;  and  several  tomahawks  were  foinid  buried  in  the  earth."  //■i;/'f""' 
Hist.  Tennessee,  30. — Any  stories  would  gain  credence  anioag'  the  whiles,  whidi  wtMii  lo 
make  the  Indians  as  bad  as  themselves.  Whether  the  bottle  spoken  of  odiitaiiiod  piii-™' 
may  be  questioned  ;  and,  if  it  did,  it  may  be  reasonably  doubted  whether  the  Indians  Utw 
any  thing-  about  it. 

T  I  airi  (ollowinff  Tfaralt,  but  the  Annual  Renster,  iii.  C2,  says,  "  a  regiment  of  Hightaml- 
ers,  a  battalion  ol  Ro^'al  Americans,  a  body  of^grenadiers,"  dtc. 


ION.     [fiooK  W 

of  tlu'in  t'lirtliat 
lliriT  iiioiT  wirn 
ic  trannly  in  ijic 
.(I  rt'|Mllc(l  tliiir 
■iiiicc  rrniii  thi'ir 

lit,  llllttll'tllllllli'lv 

tlifir  m-ts(it'\Mir, 
ir  vicliiii«,iiin'|iy 
V  |n'rHi)iiH  iiiiKini: 
imssat'n';  iiinl,  m 
•kly  follownl. 
■iimiiii'd  till'  liiM 
iiitryiiu'ii  to  iiiiik" 
It  tlicy  liml  Hum' 

all  lit't'ori;  tliim, 

I  nttnclii'd  to  tim 
o.itola  wiis  a  >iiiTii 
'onliac,  wus  dctiT- 

foll()\V(!l^  tllllt  tllf 

nlliii^'  out  for  vm- 
(•(!  to  imliriic  tlirir 
iniiocciit  anil  ili!- 
iicii,  woiiiiii,  lunl 
[•ilcss  <\iry.    Siirli 

llg-kllili',  IMTIshnl 
)   capital  of  llnir 
Mitieiitly  lookwl  tu 
grec  ill  town,  that 
(tn'ssed  luiiiiliis in 
)  Gt'uoral  ilmkrst^ 
lis  too  piTssiii^  to 
iliUidt'i-s,  and  I'mir 
loiifl  Monlmurjj, 
Carolina.     In  tlw 
■  Jaiiiaira,  IRliim 
le  province. 
(I  of  April,  Id  tlic 
ito  with  liini  tutlic 
grand  oliji'i't  now, 
a  siiddt'ii  blow  I'nr 
(juart'-rs  at  Allwuy, 

II  ini'.tury  liistmy, 
iiptitiid*'.  Ill'  >'"ii 
»y  iiiaiiy  gciitli'iii'ii 

of  tlio  couiitiy.  W 
reaching  n  lilw'; 
crcoiis  grouiiil,  mm 
Voiii  his  cainii.  1" 
,e  sword.  Kst"i'« 
Dscape,  and  it  wits 
settleineiit  in  tli'" 
prisoners ;  hut  ili|; 

;oiivcrsc  willi  ihcm  - 

,rohal<lvintPii<W"''* 
llu-  oartli."  //"!/"■'••'■ 
uliilcs,  wliioli  WlMll  10 
■11  of  ciinHilm-'o  I'™-""' 
ihcr  ilif  huliaiis  Ut* 


Cwf.  IV.] 


CHEROKEE  WAR.— BATTLE  (W  ETCHOE. 


9r 


wrriors  lind  gfiicnilly  rucapcd  to  tlie  nioiiiitaiiiH  and  dcwcrtH.  Tiiim  Cnr,  the 
riiiii|mi)(ii  li'id  Imtii  prosperous  with  tlie  whites,  hut  tjin-e  or  four  men  having 
Im  n  killed ;  hut  it  hud  no  other  ett'eet  upon  the  Indians  than  to  increase  their 

rni!''. 
Mcnnvvhile,  Fort  Princo  Goorgo  had  l)«en  closidy  invested,  and  Colonel 

!tlnnti!umenj  marched  to  its  relief.      From    this    place,  two    friendly  chiefs 

mri'  flespatclied  to  the  middle  wttlemoiits,  to  oH'er  |)eace  l<>  the  people  there, 

aiiil  orders  weru  s(!nt  to  tliose  in  commnnd  at  Fort  Lo>    Ion,  to  use  means 

to  liriiig  ahoiit  an  accommodation  with  the  F|iper  Tuwiim  ;  hut  the  Indians 

wiiuM  not  hear  to  any  terms,  and  ('(donel  Mnntfromenj  was  constrained   to 

mnnli  again  to  find  the  nnetny.     He  had  now  the  most  ditricidt  part  of  his 

finii'e  to  |>erl'oriii.     The  country  through   which  ho    had    to    march  was 

invited  hy  dark    thickets,   numerous  deep  ravines,  and   high   river  hanks; 

when-  a  small  niunher  of  men  might  distress  and  wear  out  tiie  hest  appointed 

uinv. 

Iliiviiig  arrived  within  five  miles  of  Etchoo,  tin'  nearest  town  of  the  middle 
jfitli'Mieiit.s  the  army  was  attacked  on  the  ^7  June,  in  a  most  advaiitagcuus 
pliiiT  lor  the  attacking  jiarty.  It  was  a  low  valley,  in  which  the  hushes  were 
so  thick,  that  tlio  soldiers  could  sec  scarcely  three  yards  hefore  them;  and  in 
till'  iKrttoin  of  this  valley  flowed  a  muddy  river,  with  steej)  clay  hanks. 
Thrnn|;li  this  placo  the  army  must  march.  Rightly  judging  the  enemy  had 
mil  miiitted  so  important  a  pass.  Colonel  Montf^omen/  ordenMl  out  a  com|)aiiy 
of  ranjfcrs,  under  Captain  dMbm',»on,  to  enter  the  ravine  and  make  discovery. 
No  sooner  had  he  entered  it,  hut  the  fierce  war-wlioo|>  was  raised,  aid  the 
IniliaiiM  darted  from  covert  to  covert,  at  the  same  time  firing  ujion  the  w  hites. 
raiilJiin  Morrison  was  immediately  shot  down,  and  his  men  closely  enjr  iged  ; 
bill,  hi'ing  without  delay  supported  hy  the  infantry  atid  gr'Miadiers,  they  were 
ahji' to  iimiiitain  their  ground,  and  the  hattle  hecame  ohstinate;  nor  could  the 
liiilinim  he  dislodged,  until  near  an  hour  of  hard  fighting.  In  the  mean  time, 
llu  Koyal  Scots  took  jiossession  of  a  place  hetw<H3n  tin;  Indians  and  a  rising 
froiiiidon  their  right,  while  tlie  Highlanders  siistuincid  the  light  iiidmtry  and 
irniiiiliers  on  the  lefl.  As  the  lefl  hecame  too  warm  for  them,  and  not  well 
uiiiiirstaiMling  the  position  of  the  Royal  Scots,  the  Indians,  in  their  retreat, 
I'cllin  widi  them,  and  were  shaqily  encountered;  hut  they  soon  eU'ected  their 
rr'md  to  a  hill,  and  could  no  more  he  hroiight  to  action.  In  this  fight,  !K!  of 
till' whites  were  killed  ond  wounded,  of  whom  20  wvvv,  of  the  former  niini- 
litr.   Of  the  Chcrokees,  40  were  said  to  have  hcen  killed. 

Tlie  hidians  hud  now  heen  driven  from  one  ravine,  with  a  small  loss;  hut 
rnjonil  Montgomery  was  ir  no  condition  to  pursue  his  advantage  farther,  and 
he  tlieretorp,  aflcr  destroying  so  much  of  his  provisions  as  would  afl'ord 
Imrscs  for  the  wounded,  hegan  his  retreat  out  of  the  Iiulian  country,  and,  in 
"III  (lii'iice  to  his  commission,  soon  afler  returned  to  New  York  ;  not,  how- 
':vir,  without  leaving  400  iien  for  the  security  of  the  province,  lint  it  was 
s'loii  si'i'ii,  that  what  had  yet  been  done  only  increased  the  mge  of  tlie 
Imruins,  and  their  de|)redation  continued  at  the  v«'ry  heels  of  the  rc'treating 
army.  They  immediately  cut  oft'  all  communication  with  Fort  Loudon, 
nl  .1  was  garrisoned  with  200  men.*  Ockonos'^ta,  with  his  numerous 
'  anioi-s,  kept  strict  watch,  insomuch  that  there  was  no  means  of  escape.  At 
lfii;tli,  the  garrison  having  rniserahiy  suhsisted,  for  some  time,  upon  poor 
liiinislii'd  horses,  dogs,  &c.,  many  of  them  became  resolved  to  throw  tliem- 
fi'lvi's  into  the  jiower  of  the  Indians,  wishing  rather  to  die  by  their  hands, 
iliaii  iiiiseiahly  to  perish  within  their  fortress.  Captain  Steiuirt,  an  othcer 
anmnfr  them,  was  well  known  to  the  Indians,  and  jiossi  s.sed  great  address  and 
Mt'iicity.  He  resolved,  at  this  crisis,  to  rejiair  to  Cliote,  the  residence  of 
O'kumslofa,  and  make  overtures  for  the  surrender  of  the  garrison.  He, 
acioi'dinjrly,  effected  his  object,  and  returned  with  articles  of  cajiitiilution 
Wi'i'd  upon.  Besides  the  names  of  Ockouoslota  and  Paul  Deinere,  the 
fiMiininrulcr  of  the  garrison,  the  name  of  another  chief  was  to  the  articles, 
wlli'd  Cunigacatgoae.    The  articles  stipulated,  that  the  garrison  should  march 


f;  'i' 


:.;*  :*'*'S.'^*il 


regiment  of  High'^     ^H     "  The  Chcrokees  were  now  supposed  to  number  3000  warriors,  and  it  was  daily  expected 
^B  tijjt  iiie  Cliocktaws  were  about  to  join  them. 


."■>'..*'>'ii'^i>s 


38 


OCKONOSTOTA.— MASSACRE  OF  Till;  KNGMSri. 


[noon  IV. 


out  with  thrir  nrrim  nrirl  ilruins  «'acli  wildirr  luivinj^  hh  miik-Ii  pdwdir  ninl  |„||i 
OH  (lis  ((lliccrM  nIkmiI*!  tliiiik  iitrcKHaiy,  and  tlial  tliry  Hliould  imiicii  t'< :  \  irifinm 

UIIMMllcNti'd. 

Arcordiiijfly,  on  7  Aiifftinf,  I7(i(),  the  KtiKliHli  todk  ii|t  llicir  inarfli  Cur  r„n 
Priiici'  (Jcorp',  Tlicy  liad  lu-Dcn-dcd  Imt  nhoiit  IT)  inili's,  wlii-ii  tht  y  ♦•imiiiii|,. 
rd,  (ill-  flic  iiiiilit,  ii|M)ii  a  HMiall  plain  near  Taliiiiio.  Tlit-y  were  nr("i)iii|i,||||,,|| 
tliim  fur  liy  (hkunosUtta  in  |M'ih(iii,  an<l  many  otlicru,  in  a  liii-ndly  niniiiHr 
l)iit  at  nijflit  IJH'y  vvithdri-vv  witiioiit  giviiiK  any  nolirc.  'riuMirniy  vvih  imt 
ni(il<'Htc(l  during;  tli*!  ni^ht,  Itnt,  at  dawn  of  day,  u  Ncntincl  ranx'  niiiiiiii;;  jnf,) 
camp  witli  the  iidorniation  that  a  lioHt  of  Indians  w*m'<'  crrrpin;^  up  to  .siinniiii,| 
tlirm.  Captiiin  Demerc  lind  Hrinro  tiintf  to  rally,  bt'lort'  iIk?  Indians  iirnkc  into 
his  (-ami)  with  ^n-at  tiiry.  Tiit!  p.i<.r  rmaciatcd  Holdicrs  made  hut  ii',|,{,, 
r<'Hiwtam'«;.  Thirty  of  tiicir  mnnhci'  IMI  in  this  first  ons«!t,  amonjf  wiioni  win 
tln'ir  captain.  Thoscs  that  wen;  able,  endi'avonul  to  sav(i  tliomsclvcs  hy  lli(;||t 
and  others  snrrt'iidfrcd  thomst'lvcs  n|)on  the  nhirc.  This  ma^^sa(•r^,  it  wjlhi jt 
1x1  f"or;?(>tt('n,  was  in  rntaiiation  for  that  of  tiic  liostngos  idrcadv  rclntcd.  AiiKnif 
thii  prisont'i-H  was  Captain  Steuari,  Tin-y  woro  conducted  to  Fort  l.midoil' 
whicli  now  bcrann!  OrkonoaloUi's  licnd-ipiartors. 

Jlttitkidlnkulla,  ii'arninf.'  tiiat  ids  friend  Sirunrt  was  among  the  cnptlvuH,  pro. 
cocdtMl  innncHliateiy  to  Fort  London,  when;  h(!  ransomed  liini  at  tiiu  cxiicnsi. 
of  all  the  |)ropcrty  ho  eonid  coinni'uid,  and  took  care  of  liim  with  the  gnmisi 
tend(!rne8H  and  uflection. 

Tiie  restless  Ockonoatotn  next  resolved  to  invest  Fort  Frineo  Georijc,  He 
was  induced  to  undcrtaki;  that  project,  ns  fortune  had  thrown  in  his  way  sdiiiR 
of  the  means  for  such  an  undeitaking,  hitherto  beyond  his  reach.  \\v\\,k 
abdicating  Fort  Loudon,  the  Knglisb  had  bid  in  the  ground  sevcnilim<:s oi' 
powder.  This  his  men  had  foiuid.  Several  cannon  bad  idso  been  jell  iiiliiiiil 
and  be  designed  to  tbrct?  his  I'nglisb  prisoners  to  get  them  through  tin' \mjijiIs 
and  uiunage  them  in  the  attack  upon  Fort  Princ*;  Cleorge.  Ibit  .'lltaliulk- 
kuUa  defeated  these  operations,  by  assisting  I'aptain  Steuari  to  escii|ic.  He 
even  accompanied  him  to  the  J'.nglisb  settlements,  and  returni'd  ioiuit'd  with 
presents. 

The  French  were  said  to  have  had  their  emissaries  busily  eni|tloyr(l  in  spir- 
iting on  tb(!  Indians.  One,  named  Leim  Latinac,  un  ofticer,  is  pniticiiliirly 
mentioned.  He  ))ei-suaded  them  that  the  English  had  nothing  less  in  viiw 
than  their  total  externunation,  and,  furni.ihing  them  with  uims  and  aininiini- 
tion,  urged  them  to  win-.  At  a  great  council  of  the  nation,  alter  braii(li>liiii!j 
his  hatchet,  be  struck  it  into  u  log  of  wood,  calling  out,  "  W7jo  is  the  mun  M 
will  take  this  up  for  the  kiiifr  of  France  ?  " 

SALOIJE  or  Silouee,  u  young  warrior  of  Estatoe,  instantly  laid  hold  (if  it, 
and  cried  out,  "  I  am  for  ivar.  The  spirits  of  our  brothers  who  have  been  sliiiii, 
fitill  call  u|)on  us  to  avenge  their  death.  He  is  no  bett(>r  than  a  woinan  that 
refu»ieB  to  follow  me."  Others  were  not  wanting  to  follow  his  exainpk', iiml 
tlie  war  continued. 

Silouee  was  a  Cherokee  chief,  ond  was  introduced  by  Mr.  Jefferson,  to  illus- 
trate the  observation  in  his  Notes  on  Virginia,  that  the  Indian  "is  adcctiontite 
to  bis  children,  con'ful  of  theiii,  and  indulgent  in  the  extreme  ;  that  liisatfei- 
lions  comprehend  bis  other  connections,  weakening,  ns  with  us,  fi-oin  circkto 
circle,  as  they  recede  from  the  centre  ;  that  his  friendshijts  are  strong  iiiiii 
faithful  to  the  uttermost  I'xtremity."  "A  remarkable  instanceof  this  a|»|)(nml 
hi  the  case  of  the  late  Col.  iii/n/,*  who  was  sent  to  the  Cherokee  nation  lo 
tra'isact  some  business  with  tliem.  It  happened  tlint  some  of  onr  disonlniv 
reople  had  just  kilU^d  one;  or  two  of  that  nation.  It  was  diereibre  jMopntii'ii 
in  the  council  of  the  (Jbcrokees,  that  Col.  Bifrd  sboidd  be  put  to  (Icatii,  in 
revenge  for  the  loss  of  tb(>ir  countrymen.  Among  them  was  a  chief  callnl 
Siluuee,  who,  on  some  former  occasion,  liad  contracted  an  acqiiaiiitanri;  ninl 
friendship  with  Col.  Bijrd.  He  cam(!  to  him  every  night  in  his  tent,  and  lulil 
him  not  to  be  afraid,  they  should  not  kill  him.     Afler  many  days'  delibpiatioii, 

*  Perhaps  (he  same  mentioned  liy  Oldmi.ron,  (i.  283,)  who.  in  speaking  of  llic  Indian  pow- 
wows, says,  "  one  very  lately  eonjiired  a  shower  of  rain  for  Col.  Ilyrd's  planlatimi  in  limco' 
drouth,  for  iwo  bottles  of  rum  ;"  and  our  author  says  he  should  not  liave  believed,  had  he  not 
found  it  in  an  author  who  was  on  tlie  spot ! 


i.isii.      [nooM  IV. 

ch  powder  iiihI  lin|| 
I  iimrcli  IV !  Viruiiiiu 

licir  iimn-li  tor  I'nrt 
wIm'II  tliry  t'iiriiiii|i. 

^  wen*  III iii|iaiiii'i| 

1  II  iVii'iitlly  iiiuiiiiir. 
'I'Ik'  army  wim  nnt 
I  niiiit'  niiiiiiiiL:  into 
'|iiii)i  up  to  siiiriMiinl 
w  Iiiiliiiim  limki'  into 

ITH    niiult'    llllt    t'tllili. 

!t,  anioii^'  wliiiiii  NviH 
tlicniHi'lvt's  liy  lliiiht, 
I  miissiuTf,  it  will  ii.it 
•lulv  rt'latt'il.  AiiKiii;,' 
!teJ  to  Fort  Limdon, 

nng  tlio  onptivt'H,  pri)- 
il  iiitii  at  tlie  cxiHii'**! 
liiin  witli  tliu  gri'utist 

t  I'rincc  Gcorgp.  He 
rowii  ill  liiswiiysdino 
(1  hia  n'ucli.  IWliire 
roiiiul  Hovcriil  lm;rsot' 

I  also  Immmi  lt'l\  iicliiiiii, 
•ni  tliroiij^li  till'  \mkhIs, 
norj^f.  lint  Mikulk- 
'itemirt  to  ('scii|)f.  lie 
il  rctiiriMMl  loiuli'd  with 

iisily  oiuploycd  iiispir- 
ofhciT,  is  imrticiiliirly 

II  llOtfiillg    ll'SH  ill  vil'W 

th  utiiis  ami  miiimiiii- 

tioii,  utter  Itrniiilisliiii!! 

"  I^Vho  is  tht  man  l/uil 

instantly  liiiil  liol'l  "'  ."> 
■s  who  "have  been  >l:rni, 
Iter  than  u  woiiiiin  liiat 
)llow  his  example,  iiiid 

Y  Mr.  Jefferson,  to  illns- 
hndiau  "is  affci'tionnte 
Ixtrenio  ;  that  liis  hITim'- 
l  with  ns,  from  ''ircle  to 
ulships  are  slroii!.'  miil 
istanec  of  this  ii|»i)i'Uied 
|tho  Cherokee  iimioii  to 
sonic  of  our  (liwmiiilv 
vas  therefort!  ]m\<^'^"\ 
did  be  put  to  (lealli. »' 
fiem  was  a  ehi«"f  rall''^ 
Id  an  acqiiaintmini  imi 
Lht  hi  his  tent,  mui  tuld 
Jnany  days'  deliberation, 

Leaking  onbThiii^- 
ikird's  planlalion  in  \m  o 
lotCe  believed,  had  he  no. 


CHiP  IVl      SILOUF-K.— HAVES  TFIK  MFK  OF  COLONF.I.  nVUI). 


30 


linwpvrr,  tho  deterinhiatioii  wnn,  roiitniry  to  Silinter^ii  i>x|M'rtntinn,  that  Hifnt 

ilioiild  be  P"t  t"  deiilli,  and  Huine  warriors  were  (le.s|iiilelied  as  exeeiifioneni. 
SiiiiiK'  iitteiiibii  tlieiM  ;  and  when  they  nitered  tin'  lent,  lie  tliiew  himself 
liitwi'eii  tlieiii  and  lii/ril,  iind  said  to  the  wiirriiiis,  ^  This  man  in  ini/  frienil : 
ji/'iicr  i/oii gel  *il  /""« ,'/""  '"«•?'  kill  mt ! '  ( )n  which  they  retinneil, and  the  ••oiiii- 
,11  rrxiiei'ted  the  priiieiple  so  iiiiieh,  nii  to  reeeile  from  their  determination." 

\  iiioi-e  impolitie  and  hiirharons  measure,  perhaps,  never  entered  the  heart 
i,|' man.  than  that  of  otVerin^  a  reward  for  hiimiin  seiilps.  This  was  dune  hy 
Viitfiniii,  as  we  have  liefore  related.  It  is  true  the  piveriiment  of  V'irKiniii  wan 
iiiiiidoiie  in  this  eriminal  hiisiness,  hut  that  betters  not  her  ease.  'The  door  of 
iiiiiriiiity  lieiiift  thus  oiteiied,  it  was  easy  to  have  foreseen,  that  many  men  upon 
ilii'  trmitiers,  "of  bad  lives  and  worse  prineiples,"  says  an  iiite||ij{ent  writer,* 
4ii>d  ready  to  step  ill.  As  the  event  proved,  many  friendly  Indians  wem 
miirdi /•»'/,  imd  the  jtovernmeiit  defriiuiUil,  It  was  at  the  news  of  a  inurder  of 
jii^dcucriptioii  that  Colonel  liurd  was  seized. 

SihIi  was  the  eondilion  of  the  eoimtry,  that  a  seeoiid  ap|»iieiition  was  iiiado 
tolii'iicriil  .Imlurst  for  aid,  and  he  promptly  atUirded  it.  ('olonel  Jitmis  iintni 
iirrivi'd  lljere  early  in  17(il,  and  not  biiiff  ath-r  took  the  field  with  a  I't.ree  of 
Fiiiilisii  iind  Indians,  aiiionuting  to  about  !2()()()  men.  f  lie  traversed  the  Cher- 
nlvi '('(Miiitry,  and  subdued  that  peo|de  in  a  hard-fought  battle,  near  the  samo 
iiliin'  where  (Jcdoiiel  Monltromrnf  was  attaeked  the  year  before.  It  lasted 
almiit  tl'iee  hours,  in  wliieh  about  (K)  whites  were  killed  and  wounded.  Tho 
|,i-siil'tlie  Indiniis  was  luiknowii.  (Colonel  driint  ordered  his  dead  to  be  sunk 
ill  ilic  river,  that  the  Indians  mi^lit  not  find  them,  to  iinietise  upon  them  their 
lirlmiiticH.  lit;  then  iiroeeeded  to  the  destruction  ot  their  towns,  I.')  in  niiiii- 
I  .wliirli  he  nerompiished  without  molestation.  |  Peace  was  at  last  effected 
I ,  till' mediation  of  AHnkullakulla.  This  chief's  residence  was  upon  the 
fiiiiMSrtce  or  ('lnTokee  River,  at  what  was  called  the  Orerhill  Toiciis.  In  177.'{, 
«li(ii  tiiP  learned  traveller,  liartmm,  travelled  into  ti;  •  (Mierokee  country,  ho 
mililieold  chief  on  bi>"  way  to  Charleston  ;  of  whieb  circiimstaiuie  he  speaks 
iliiiri  ill  his  Travels : — "  Soon  idler  crossing  this  largi-  branch  of  the  Tniiase,  I 
ilwrvcil  descending  tho  heights,  ut  soino  distance,  a  coinjiany  of  Indians,  all 
wt'll  iiioiiiited  on  horseback.  They  caiiin  rapidly  forward  ;  on  their  nearer 
;i|i)iroa(h,  I  observed  n  chief  at  the  head  of  the  caravan,  and  apprehending  him 
to  be  tho  Lillle-carpenter,  emperor  or  grand  chief  of  the  Clun-okees,  as  they 
caiiit'  ii[i,  I  turned  oft'  from  the  path  to  make  way,  in  token  of  nsspect,  which 
foinpiiincnt  was  accepted,  and  gratefully  and  magimniinously  letiirniid  ;  for 
his  hijiliiiess,  with  n  gracious  and  cheerful  smile,  came  up  to  me,  and  clapping 
liisliarid  o'l  his  breast,  oft'ered  it  to  nie,  saying,  I  am  Jltn-cul-ndla,  and  heartily 
<!iiiiik  liaiuls  with  me,  and  asked  nie  if  I  knew  it ;  I  answered,  that  the  good 
■|iiiit wim  goes  before  me  spoke  to  me, and  said,  that  is  the  great  Jita-cul-cidln" 
)lr.  linrlram  added,  that  he  was  of  Pennsylvania,  and  though  that  was  a  great 
way  oif,  yet  the  mime  of  Altakullakidla  was  dear  to  his  white  brothers  of 
iViiiisyivunia.  The  chief  then  asked  hhii  if  he  came  directly  from  Charleston, 
and  if  his  friend  ^^John  Steioari  were  well."  Mr.  Bartrani  said  be  saw  him 
liii ly,  and  that  he  was  \ "ell.  This  was,  probably,  the  same  person  whoin 
MuUnkulla  had  assisted  to  make  an  escai)e,  as  we  have  just  related. 

Ill  carrying  out  the  history  of  the  two  chiefs,  Atiakidlukulla  and  Ockonosioia, 
"i;  have  omitted  to  notice  Chlucco,  better  known  by  the  name  of  the  Long. 
mriior,  king  or  niico  of  the  Semi'ioles.  He  went  out  with  Colonel  Monlgom- 
tn/,aiul  rendered  hitn  essential  service  in  his  unsuccessful  expedition,  of  wliich 
wi' have  spoken.  A  large  band  of  Creeks  accompanied  him,  and  then!  is  but 
iitiir  iloiibt,  if  it  had  not  been  for  him  and  his  warriors,  few  of  the  English 
«iiulil  have  returned  to  their  friends.  But,  as  usual,  the  English  leader,  in  his 
liiiii',  had  all  the  honor  of  successfully  encountering  many  difticulties,  and 
r  turning  with  his  own  life  and  many  of  his  men's.  It  was  by  the  aid  of 
^'i/wcfo,  that  the  army  escaped  ambush  after  ambnsh,  destroyed  many  of  the 
Uidukee  villages,  and  ftnally  his  warriors  covered  its  retreat  out  of  one  of  the 
iiitist  (huigerous  countries  through  which  an  army  cotild  pnss.  hong-warrior 
«aswhat  tho  New  England  Indians  termed  a  great  powwcw.     That  he  was 

"  Doclof  Dumaby.  f  Hewatt.  %  Annual  Register,  iv.  58  ;  Hewatt,  ii.  248—51. 


V:  *^ 


VtjV:. 


*ti 


40 


MONCACHTAPE. 


[Book  IV. 


a  man  possessing  a  good  mind,  may  fuirly  l)e  inferred  from  lijs  altility  tn 
witlistaiid  till!  temptation  of  intoxicating  liquore.  He  had  Ixen  known  ii, 
remain  sober,  when  all  liis  tribe,  and  many  wiiites  among  thiMii,  liml  all  linn 
wallowing  in  the  mire  of  <b-unkenne8s  together.  In  tlie  year  ]77.'{,  at  the 
head  of  about  40  vv,.«Tiors,  ho  marched  against  the  Chocktaws  of  West  I'lor. 
ida.  What  was  tlie  issue  of  tlTis  expedition  we  have  not  learned.  Wo  may 
have  again  occasion  to  notice  Chlucco. 


H§§t 


CHAPTER  V. 

MoNCACiiTAPE,  tilt  Yazoo — Kar^ative  of  his  adventures  to  the  Pacific  Ocean — Grasd. 
BUN,  chief  of  the  Natchez — Receives  great  injustice  from  the  French — Cmicrrts  tkir 
destruction — 700  French  are  cut  off — War  with  them — The  Matchii  ^Irstroijrd  intlivr 
turn — Great-mortar — M'Gim.ivray — His  birth  and  edii:  'ion — Visits A'eto  York 
— Troubles  of  his  nation — His  death — Tame-king — Mad-dog. 

MONCACIITAPE  was  a  Yazoo,  whose  name  signified,  in  the  language  of 
that  nation,  killer  of  pain  and  fatieue.  How  well  he  deserved  this  iiaiin',  the 
sequel  will  unfold.  He  was  well  known  to  the  historian  Du  Pralz,  ahoiit 
17(50,  and  it  was  owing  to  his  singular  good  intelligence,  that  tliat  travillir 
was  able  to  add  much  valuable  information  to  his  work.  "  Tliis  man  (sjivs 
Du  Pratz*)  was  remarkable  for  his  solid  understanding  and  elevation  of 
sentiment;  and  I  may  justly  compare  him  to  those  first  (ireeks,  who  traveliiil 
chiefly  into  the  east,  to  examine  the  manners  and  crstoms  of  ditferciit  nations, 
and  to  communicate  to  their  fellow  citizens,  upon  their  return,  the  knoHieili,'!.- 
wliich  they  had  acquired."  He  was  known  to  the  French  by  the  name  of  the 
Interpreter,  as  he  could  communicate  with  several  other  nations,  having  siintd 
a  knowledge  of  their  languages.  Monsieur  Du  Pralz  used  great  endi  avors 
among  the  nations  upon  the  Mississippi,  to  learn  their  origin,  or  from  wlicme 
they  came;  and  observes  concerning  it,  "All  that  I  could  lenrn  irnm  tiicin 
was,  that  they  came  from  between  the  north  and  the  sun-setting ;  ami  this 
account  they  uniformly  adhere  to,  whenever  they  give  any  accoimt  ot'  their 
origin."  This  was  unsatisfactory  to  him,  and  in  his  exertions  to  find  some  one 
that  could  infonu  him  better,  he  met  with  Moncachiape.  The  following  is  the 
result  of  his  communications  in  his  own  words: — 

"  I  had  lost  my  wife,  and  all  the  children  whom  I  had  by  her,  when  I 
undertook  my  journey  towards  tlie  sun-rising.  I  set  out  from  my  villare 
contrary  to  the  inclination  of  all  my  relations,  and  went  first  to  the  Cliieafaws, 
our  friends  and  neighbors.  I  continued  atnong  them  several  days,  to  inform 
myself  whether  they  knew  whence  we  all  came,  or,  at  least,  wlicnoc  they 
themselves  came ;  they,  who  were  our  elders ;  since  from  them  came  the 
language  of  the  country.  As  they  could  not  inform  me,  I  jjroceedod  on  my 
journey.  I  reached  the  country  of  the  Chaouanous,  and  atlerwards  went  up 
the  Wabash,  or  Oliio,  neiu*  to  its  source,  which  is  in  the  country  of  tiu!  Irni|iiiii>, 
or  Five  Nations.  I  left  them,  however,  towards  the  north  ;  and,  during  ilie 
winter,  which,  in  that  countiy,  is  very  severe  and  very  long,  I  lived  in  a  ylhif 
of  the  Albenatpiis,  where  I  contracted  an  acquaintance  with  a  man  soniewiiat 
older  than  myself,  who  promised  to  conduct  me,  the  following  spring,  to  the 
great  water.  Accordingly,  when  the  snows  were  melted,  and  the  weather  ws 
settled,  we  proceeded  eastward,  and,  after  several  days'  journey,  1  at  liiigili 
huv.'  the  great  water  nhich  filled  me  with  such  joy  and  admiration,  tlmi  1 
could  not  speak.  Night  drawing  on,  we  took  up  our  lodging  on  a  iiigli  Iwi'k 
above  the  water,  which  was  sorely  vexed  by  the  wind,  and  made  so  great  a  i 
noise  that  I  could  not  sleep.  Next  day,  the  ebbing  and  flowing  of  tlte  natcr 
filled  me  with  great  apprehension;  but  my  companion  quieted  my  feas,  by 
assuring  me  that  the  water  observed  certain  bounds,  both  in  advancing  and  j 

"  Hist,  Louisiana,  ii.  121. 


[Boor  IV. 

from  bis  ability  to 
Imd  bvfii  known  i(, 
r  tlnMii,  butl  all  lifrn 
le  year  177U,  at  the 
^tttws  of  West  rior- 
t  learned.    We  may 


Ciu;' 


v.l 


ADVFA'TURES  OF  MONCACIITAPE. 


41 


Pacific  Ocean — Grand- 
!  Frtnrh — Coticrrls  thur 
Yatclii-,  tirstrnijrd inlkir 
,-,  'ioti —  yisiU  JNcic  Yurk 

>0G. 

led,  in  tbe  language  of 
^served  this  iiaiiie,  the 
jrian  Du  Pralz,  alnrnt 
3nce,  that  that  traveller 
»rk.    "  This  man  (says 
ding  and  elevation  of 
t  (ireeks,  who  travollwl 
)iii9  of  diftereut  nations, 
r  return,  the  kno\vle(li;f.' 
inch  by  the  uatneofthe 
r  nations,  haviiij;  srainiil 
z  usjhI  great  emhavora 
origin,  or  from  whcine 
could  lenrii  Iroiii  them 
le  sun-setting ;  ami  this 
re  any  accoimt  of  lli*'ir 
ertions  to  tiiul  some  one 
The  followiiig  is  the 

I  had  by  her,  when  I 
et  out  from  my  villairc 
It  first  to  the  Chicosaws, 
several  days,  to  inform 
at  least,  whence  they 
^  from  them  came  the 
me,  I  i)roceeded  on  my 
and  afterwards  went  lip 
country  of  the  IrofioiN 
north  ;  and,  diirni-i  the 
long,  I  livc<l  in  a  villiii'' 
e  with  a  man  soniewlBt 
P  following  spring,  to  tho 
ted,  and  the  weather  w»^ 
lys'  journey,  1  at  lentil' 
"and  admiration,  that 
,  lodging  on  a  lii!i!i  l«i>l^ 
id,  and  made  so  gi-atM 
and  flowing  of  the  nater] 

.ion  quieted  my  fi'n'S,  "J, 
,,  both  in  advancing  a«d 


rfiirint,'.    Hiving  siitisfied  our  curiosity  in  viewing  the  great  water,  we  returned 

to  the  village  of  tiie  AlM'na(|uis,  where  1  continued  tlie  following  wIihit;  and, 

.llertiie  snows  were  melted,  my  companion  and  I  went  and  viewed  tlie  great  fall 

(ifthe  Kiver  St.  Lawrence,  at  Niagara,  which  was  distant  from  tlie  village  several 

^nvs' ioiiriiey.    The  view  of  this  great  fall,  at  fii-st,  made  my  hair  stand  on  end, 

anil  my  '"'i'"'  almost  leap  out  of  its  place ;  but  afterwards,  before  T  left  it,  I 

1)11(1  the  courage  to  walk  under  it.     Next  day,  we  took  the  shortest  road  to  tlie 

Ohio,  and  my  companion  and  I,  cutting  down  a  tree  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 

ne  t'oiined  it  into  a  pettiaugre,  which  served  to  conduct  me  down  the  Ohio 

and  the  Mississippi,  after  which,  with  much  difficulty,  1  went  up  our  small 

river,  and  at  length  arrived  safe  among  my  relations,  who  were  rejoiqed  to  see 

mcin  cood  health. — This  journey,  instead  of  satisfying,  only  served  to  excite 

niv  ciiiiosity.    Our  old  men,  for  several  years,  had  told  me  that  the  ancient 

aieecli  informed  them  that  the  red  men  of  the  north  came  originally  much 

jiijherand  much  farther  than  the  source  of  the  River  Missouri ;  and,  as  I  had 

longed  to  see,  with  my  own  eyes,  the  land  from  whence  our  first  fathers  came, 

1  took  my  precautions  for  my  journey  westwards.    Having  provided  a  small 

(jiiimtity  of  com,  I  proceeded  up  along  the  eastern  bank  of  the  River  Mississippi, 

till  I  came  to  the  Ohio.     I  went  up  along  the  l)aiik  of  this  last  river,  about  the 

fiiiirth  part  of  a  day's  journey,  that  I  might  be  able  to  cross  it  without  being 

carried  into  the  IMississippi.    There  I  formed  a  cajeux,  or  raft  of  canes,  by  the 

asijt.iiice  of  which  I  passed  jver  the  river;  and  next  day  meetiiij;  with  a  herd 

of  hiitt'alops  in  the  meadows,  I  killed  a  fat  one,  and  took  from  it  tlie  fillets,  the 

biiiicli,  and  the  tongue.    Soon  after,  I  arrived  among  the  Tamaroas,  a  village 

of  the  nation  of  the  Illinois,  where  I  rested  several  days,  and  then  proceeded 

northwards  to  the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  which,  after  it  entcre  the  great  river, 

nni*  tor  a  considerable  time  without  intermixing  its  muddy  waters  with  the 

fliar  stream  of  the  other.     Having  crossed  the  Mississippi,  I  went  up  the 

'ijissoiiri,  along  its  northern  bank,  and,  after  several  days'  journey,  I  arrived  at 

die  nation  of  the  Missouris,  where  I  staid  a  long  time  to  learn  the  language 

iliiit  is  spoken  beyond  them.     In  going  along  the  Missouri,  I  passed  through 

nndows  a  whole  day's  journey  in  length,  which  were  quite  covered  with 

liiilTaloes. 

"When  the  cold  was  past,  and  the  snows  were  melted,  I  continued  my  jour- 
Dfviip  along  the  Missouri,  till  I  came  to  the  nation  of  the  west,  or  the  Cauzas. 
Alierwards,  in  consequence  of  directions  from  them,  I  proceeded  in  the  same 
course  near  30  days,  and  at  length  I  met  with  some  of  the  nation  of  the  Otters, 
who  were  hunting  in  that  neighborhood,  and  were  surprised  to  see  me  alone. 
Iiontiimed  with  the  hunters  two  or  three  days,  and  then  accompanied  one  of 
ik'Mi  and  his  wife,  who  was  near  her  time  of  lying  in,  to  their  village,  which 
lay  I'ar  otr  betwixt  the  north  and  west.  We  continued  our  joumey  along  the 
Missouri  for  nine  days,  and  then  wo  marched  directly  northwards  for  five 
(lays  more,  when  we  came  to  the  fine  river,  which  runs  westward  in  a  direc- 
tion contrary  to  tliafof  the  Missouri.  We  proceeded  down  this  river  a  whole 
day,  and  then  arrived  at  the  village  of  the  Otters,  who  received  me  with  as 
nuich  kindness  as  if  I  had  been  of  their  own  nation.  A  few  days  after,  I 
joined  a  party  of  the  Otters,  who  were  going  to  carry  a  calumet  of  peace  to  a 
nation  beyond  them,  and  we  embarked  in  a  yicttiaugre,  and  went  dov/n  the 
river  tor  18  days,  landing  now  and  then  to  supjily  ourselves  with  provisions. 
Win  n  I  arrived  at  the  nc.tion  who  were  at  peace  with  the  Otters,  I  staid  with 
lliem  till  the  cold  was  passed,  that  I  might  learn  their  language,  wliich  was 
common  to  most  of  the  lations  that  lived  beyond  them. 

"The  cold  was  hardly  gone,  when  I  again  embarked  on  the  fine  river,  and 
in  my  course  I  met  with  several  nations,  with  whom  I  generally  staid  but  one 
night,  till  I  arrived  at  the  nation  that  is  but  one  day's  journey  from  the  great 
nter  on  the  west.  This  nation  live  in  the  woods  about  the  distance  of  a 
Ifagiie  from  the  river,  from  their  apprehension  of  bearded  men,  who  come 
lipoii  till  ir  coasts  in  floating  villages,  and  carry  oft"  their  children  to  make 
slaves  of  them.  These  men  were  described  to  be  white,  with  long  black 
!wds  that  came  down  to  their  br<!ast ;  they  were  thick  and  short,  had  large 
wds,  which  were  covered  with  cloth  ;  they  were  always  dressed,  even  in  the 

greatest  heats  ;  their  clothes  fell  down  to  the  middle  of  their  legs,  which,  with 

4* 


f'M 


1*12'  !•■?  I   ?■  IJ'iTT.^H 

t"  ■         '  *  •  ■■.  < "  -C  ■  Si 


42 


GRAND-SUN. 


[R"OK  IV. 


Chap,  v.]    GR; 


their  feet,  were  covered  with  red  or  yellow  stuff.  Their  arms  madR  a  ,rr,„, 
fire  and  a  great  noise;  and  when  they  saw  themselves  outnumlxreti  Iiv,,,'| 
men,  they  retired  on  board  their  large  pettiaugre,  their  number  Sfjinci'j,,,,' 
amounting  to  thirty,  but  never  more. 

"Those  strangers  came  from  the  sun-setting,  in  search  of  a  yellow  8tiiil,i„„ 
wood,  which  dyes  a  fine  yellow  color ;  but  the  people  of  this  nation,  that  tliey 
might  not  be  tempted  to  visit  them,  had  destroyed  all  those  kind  oC  tnJi 
Two  other  nations  in  their  neighborhood,  however,  having  no  otiicr  wuod 
could  not  destroy  the  trees,  and  were  still  visited  by  the  strangers;  and  Ixii,,,' 
greatly  incommoded  by  them,  had  invited  their  allies  to  assist  thein  in  niakinii 
an  attack  upon  them,  the  next  time  they  should  return.  The  following  sun* 
mer  I  accordingly  joined  in  this  expedition,  and,  after  travelling  five  loiu'dav ' 
journey,  we  came  to  the  place  where  the  bearded  men  usually  landed,  wliwe 
we  waited  seventeen  days  for  their  arrival.  The  red  men,  by  my  advice 
placed  themselves  in  ambuscade  to  surprise  the  strangers,  and  accordiiKlv 
when  they  landed  to  cut  the  wood,  we  were  so  successful  as  to  kill  eleven Vt' 
them,  the  rest  immediately  escaping  on  board  two  large  pettiaugi-es,  and  flyinB 
westward  upon  the  great  water.  ° 

"  Upon  examining  those  whom  we  had  killed,  we  found  them  much  smaller 
than  ourselves,  and  very  white ;  they  had  a  large  head,  and  in  the  middle  of 
the  crown  the  hair  was  very  long ;  their  head  was  wrapt  in  a  great  many  folds 
of  stuff,  and  their  clothes  seemed  to  be  made  neither  of  wool  nor  silk ;  they 
were  veiy  soft,  and  of  different  colors.  Two  only,  of  the  eleven  who  were 
slain,  had  fire-arms,  with  powder  and  ball.  I  tried  their  pieces,  and  foinid 
that  they  were  much  heavier  than  yours,  and  did  not  kill  at  so  great  a 
distance. 

"  After  this  expedition,  I  thought  of  nothing  but  proceeding  on  my  jouniev 
and,  with  that  design,  I  let  the  red  men  return  home,  and  joined  myself  to 
those  who  inhabited  more  westward  on  the  coast,  with  whom  I  travelled 
along  the  shore  of  the  great  water,  which  bends  directly  betwixt  the  north 
and  the  sun-setting.  When  I  arrived  at  tlie  villages  of  my  fellow-travellers 
where  I  found  the  days  very  long,  and  the  nightd  veiy  short,  I  was  advised  bv 
the  old  men  to  give  over  all  thoughts  of  continuing  my  journey.  They  tolil 
me  that  the  land  extended  still  a  long  way  in  a  direction  between  the  north 
and  sun-setting,  after  which  it  ran  directly  west,  and  at  length  was  cut  by  the 
great  water  from  north  to  south.  One  of  them  added,  that,  when  he  mus 
young,  he  knew  a  very  old  man  who  had  seen  that  distant  land  before  it  was 
eat  away  by  the  great  water,  and  that  when  the  great  Avater  was  low,  iiiaiiv 
mks  still  appeared  in  those  parts.  Finding  it,  therefore,  imjH-acticable  to 
proceed  much  further,  on  account  of  the  severity  of  the  climate,  and  the  want 
of  game,  I  returned  by  the  same  route  by  which  1  had  set  out ;  and,  rcdiirinj 
my  whole  travels  westward  to  days'  journeys,  I  compute  that  they  would 
have  employed  me  36  moons ;  but,  on  account  of  my  frequent  delays,  it  was 
five  years  before  I  returned  to  my  relations  among  the  Yazoos." 

Thus  ends  the  narrative  of  the  famous  traveller  Moncachtape,  which  seems 
to  have  satisfied  Du  Pratz,  that  the  Indians  came  from  the  continent  of  Asia, 
by  way  of  Behring^s  Straits.  And  he  soon  after  left  him,  and  returned  to  his 
own  country.  It  would  have  been  gratifying,  could  we  have  known  more  of 
the  history  of  this  very  intelligent  man.  The  same  author  brings  also  to  our 
knowledge  a  chief  called 

GRAND-SUN,  chief  of  the  Natchez.  Although  Sun  was  a  common  name 
for  all  chiefs  of  that  nation,  this  chief  wad  paitioulai'ly  distinguished  in  the  first 
wai*  with  the  French,  which  exhibits  the  compass  of  our  information  concern- 
ing hun,  and  which  we  ])urpose  here  to  sketch.  He  was  brother  to  the  great 
warrior,  known  to  the  French  by  the  name  of  Stuno-serpent,  and  like  him 
was  a  friend  to  the  whites,  until  the  haughty,  overbearing  disposition  of  one 
man  brought  destruction  and  ruin  on  their  whole  colony.  This  affair  took 
place  in  the  year  1729.  The  residence  of  the  Grand-sun  was  near  the  French 
post  of  Natchez,  where  he  had  a  beautiful  village  called  the  White  ^pple,  M. 
tie  Chopart  had  been  reinstated  in  the  command  of  the  post,  whence  he  was 
for  a  time  removed  by  reason  of  misconduct,  and  his  abominable  injustice  to 
the  Indians  became  more  conspicuous  afterwards  than  before.    To  gratify  his 


(.„^P.  v.]    GRAND-SUN.— MASSACRE  OF  THE  FRENCH  IN  NATCHEZ.      43 

pride  and  avarice,  he  had  projected  the  building  of  an  «.legant  villago,  and 
none  appeared  to  suit  his  purpose  so  well  as  the  White  Ap|)le  of  tlio  Grand- 
m.  Ho  sent  for  the  chief  to  his  fort,  and  unhesitatingly  told  him  tlmt  his 
village  must  be  immediately  given  up  to  liijn,  for  he  had  reso'ved  to  erect  one 
J  league  square  upon  the  same  ground,  and  that  he  must  remove  elsewhere, 
riie  great  chief  stifled  liis  surprise,  and  modestly  replied,  "That  his  ancestors 
bad  lived  in  that  village  for  as  many  years  as  iliere  were  hairs  in  his  double 
tiie,  and,  therefore,  it  was  good  that  they  .should  contiime  there  still."  When 
lliis  wus  interpreted  to  the  commandant,  he  showed  iiimself  in  a  rage,  and 
threatened  the  chief,  that,  unless  ho  moved  from  his  village  speedily,  he 
would  have  cause  of  rejientance.  Grand-sun  left  the  fort,  and  said  he  would 
jsseinble  his  counsellors,  and  hold  a  talk  \i\)on  it. 

Ill  this  council,  which  actually  assembled,  it  was  proposed  to  lay  before  the 
commandant  their  hard  situation,  if  they  should  be  obliged  to  abandon  their 
corn,  which  then  was  just  beginning  to  shoot  from  the  ground,  and  many 
other  articles  on  which  they  were  to  depend  for  subsistence.  But,  on  urging 
these  strong  reasons,  they  met  only  with  abuse,  and  a  more  peremptory  order 
to  remove  immediately.  This  the  Grand-sun  reported  to  the  council,  and 
thev  saw  all  was  lost,  unless,  by  some  stratagem,  they  should  rid  themselves 
ottlie  tyrant  Chopart,  which  was  their  final  decision.  The  secret  was  con- 
fided to  none  but  the  old  men.  To  gain  time,  un  offer  was  to  be  made  to  the 
avaricious  commandant,  of  tribute,  in  case  he  would  permit  them  to  remain 
on  their  land  until  their  harvest.  The  offer  was  acce])ted,  and  the  Indians 
jet  alwut  maturing  their  plan  with  the  greatest  avidity.  Bundles  of  sticks 
were  sent  to  the  suns  of  the  neighboring  tribes,  and  their  import  explained  to 
them  by  the  faithful  messengers.  Each  bundle  contained  as  many  sticks  as 
(lays  which  were  to  pass  before  the  massacre  of  all  the  French  in  the  Natchez. 
And  tlmt  no  mistake  should  arise  in  regard  to  the  fixed  day,  every  morning  a 
stick  was  drawn  from  the  bundle  and  broken  in  pieces,  and  the  day  of  the  last 
stick  was  that  of  the  execution. 

The  security  of  the  wicked,  in  the  midst  of  their  wickedness,  and  their 
deathess  to  repeated  warnings,  though  a  standing  example  before  them  upon 
the  pages  of  all  history,  yet  we  know  of  but  few  instances  where  they  have 
profited  by  it.    I  need  cite  no  examples;  our  pages  are  full  of  them. 

The  breast  of  women,  whether  civilized  or  uncivilized,  cannot  bear  the 
thoughts  of  revenge  and  death  to  prey  upon  them  for  so  great  a  length  of 
time  as  men.  And,  as  in  the  last  case,  I  need  not  produce  examples ;  on  our 
pages  will  be  found  many. 

A  female  sun  having,  by  accident,  understood  the  secret  design  of  her  peo- 
ple, partly  out  of  resentment  for  their  keeping  it  from  her,  and  partly  from 
her  attachment  to  the  French,  resolved  to  make  it  known  to  them.  But  so 
fatally  secure  was  the  commandant,  that  he  would  not  hearken  to  her  messen- 
gers, and  threatened  others  of  his  own  people  with  chastisement,  if  they  con- 
tinued Mich  intimations.  But  the  great  council  of  so  many  sims,  and  other 
motion/)  of  their  wise  men,  justly  alarmed  many,  and  their  complaints  to  the 
commandant  were  urged,  until  seven  of  his  own  people  were  put  in  irons,  to 
dispel  their  fears.  And  that  he  might  the  more  vaunt  himself  upon  their  fears, 
he  sent  his  interpreter  to  demand  of  the  Grand-sun,  whether  he  was  about  to 
fell  upon  the  French  with  his  warrioi's.  To  dissemble,  in  such  a  case,  was 
only  to  be  expected  from  the  chief,  and  the  interpreter  reported  to  the  com- 
mandant as  he  desired,  which  caused  him  to  value  himself  upon  his  former 
contempt  of  his  people's  fears. 

The  30th  of  November,  1729,  at  length  came,  and  with  it  the  massacre  of 
near  700  people,  being  all  the  French  of  Natchez.  Not  a  man  escaped.  It 
beiiig  upon  the  eve  of  St.  Andrew's  day,  facilitated  the  execution  of  the  horrid 
design.  In  such  contempt  was  M.  Chopart  held,  that  the  suns  would  allow  no 
warrior  to  kill  him,  but  one  whom  they  considered  a  mean  person.  He  was 
wnied  only  with  a  wooden  tomahawk,  and  with  such  a  contemptible  weapon, 
ffieldod  by  as  contemptible  a  person,  was  M.  Chopart  jjursued  from  his  house 
into  his  garden,  and  there  enet  his  death. 

The  design  of  the  Grand-sun  and  his  allies  wus,  to  have  followed  up  their 
success  until  all  the  French  were  driven  out  of  Louisiana.    But  some  tribes 


itf 


44        GREAT-MORTAR.— IS  ATTACKED  BY  THE  CIIICKASAUS.    [iJook  iv 

would  not  aid  in  it,  and  the  governor  of  Louisiana,  promptly  seconded  by  tlie 
ppopli!  of  New  Orleans,  shortly  ufler  nearly  annihilated  tlic  whole  tiibo  of  tlie 
Natchez.  The  Choetaws  oflenid  themselves,  to  the  nnmlx-r  of  15  or  \im 
men,  and,  in  the  following  Fehrnary,  advanced  into  the  conntry  of  the  Natch- 
ez,  and  were  shortly  alter  joined  by  the  French,  and  encamped  near  the  oU 
fort,  th>n  in  ])ossession  of  tiie  Grand-sun,  Here  Hags  passed  between  thim 
and  terms  of  peace  were  agrocid  npon,  which  W(!re  very  honoruhh;  to  thi' 
Indians  ;  but,  in  the  following  night,  they  decamped,  taking  all  their  prismiiw 
and  baggage,  leaving  nothing  but  the  cannons  of  the  ibrt  and  bails  beiiiiui  them 
Some  time  now  passed  belbre  the  French  could  ascertain  the  retreat  ol"  th(" 
Natchez.  At  length,  they  learned  that  tlw^y  had  crossed  the  Mississi|)|)i,  jnni 
settled  u|)on  the  west  side,  near  180  miles  above  the  month  of  Red  River 
Here  they  built  a  fort,  and  remained  (piietly  until  the  next  year. 

The  weakness  oi'the  colony  caused  the  itdiabitants  to  resign  themselves  intn 
the  hands  of  the  king,  who  soon  sent  over  a  sufficient  force,  added  to  those 
still  in  the  country,  to  liumble  the  Natchez.  They  were  accordingly  iiivcsieij 
in  their  fort,  i.nd,  struck  with  consternation  at  the  sudden  approacli  of  tlie 
French,  seem  to  have  lost  their  former  prudence.  They  mad*;  a  (lesiiernte 
sally  upon  the  camp  of  the  enemy,  but  were  repulsed  with  great  h^n.  Tliey 
then  attempted  to  gain  time  by  negotiation,  as  they  had  the  year  before,  Im't 
could  not  escape  from  the  vigilance  of  the  FVench  officer;  yet  the  uttenint 
was  made,  and  many  were  killeil,  very  few  escaped,  and  the  greater  iiiiinkr 
driven  within  their  fort.  MortarE  were  used  by  their  enemies  in  this  ,sie"e 
and  the  third  bomb,  falling  in  the  centre  of  the  fort,  made  great  havoc 
but  still  greater  consternation.  Drowned  by  the  cries  of  the  women  and 
children,  Grand-sun  caused  the  sign  of  capitulation  to  be  given.  Himsilt', 
with  the  rest  of  his  company,  were  carried  prisoners  to  New  Orhmns,  and 
thrown  into  prison.  An  increasing  infection  caused  the  women  and  cliildreii 
to  be  taken  out  and  employed  as  slaves  on  the  king's  plantations ;  among 
whom  was  the  woman  who  had  used  eveiy  endeavor  to  notify  the  cotiiinand- 
ant,  Ckopart,  of  the  intended  massacre,  and  from  whom  tb.c  particulars  of  the 
affair  were  learned.  Her  name  was  Stung-arm.  These  slaves  were  sliortly 
after  embarked  for  St.  Domingo,  entirely  to  rid  the  country  of  the  Natchez.* 
The  men,  it  is  probable,  were  all  put  to  death. 

GREAT-MORTAR,  or  Yah-yah-tustanage,  was  a  very  c(>lebrate(l  IMtiskogce 
chief,  who,  before  the  revolutionary  war,  was  in  the  French  interest,  and 
received  his  supplies  from  their  garrison  at  Alabama,  which  was  not  far  (hs- 
tant  from  his  place  of  abode,  called  Okchai.  There  was  a  time  wlien  lie 
inclined  to  the  English,  and  but  for  the  very  haughty  and  im|)rudent  conduct 
of  the  supcu'intendent  of  Lidian  affairs,  among  them,  might  have  been  re- 
claimed, and  the  dismal  period  of  njiussacres  which  ensued  averted.  At  a 
great  council,  appoitited  by  the  superintendent,  for  the  object  of  ref^ainiii? 
their  favor,  the  pipe  of  peace,  when  passing  around,  was  refused  to  Gmt- 
mortar,  because  he  had  favored  the  French.  This,  with  much  other  luigciicr- 
ous  treatment,  caused  him  ever  after  to  hate  the  English  name.  As  tie  super- 
intendent was  making  a  speecii,  which  doubtless  contained  severe  and  lianl 
sayings  against  his  red  hearers,  another  chi^f,  called  the  Tohacco-cater,  sprimf: 
upon  his  feet,  and  darting  his  tomahawk  at  him,  it  fortunately  missed  iiini,  hni 
stuck  in  a  plank  just  above  his  head.  Yet  he  wovdd  have  been  iniriiediatcly 
killed,  but  for  the  interposition  of  a  friendly  warrior.  Had  this  first  blow  hceii 
effectual,  every  Englishman  i)resent  would  have  been  immediatt^ly  put  to  dcalli. 
Soon  after,  Great-mortar  caused  his  j)eoplt  to  fall  upon  the  F.nglish  tniders,  and 
they  nmrdered  ten.  Fourteen  of  the  inhabitants  of  Longcane,  a  settlement  near 
Ninety-six,  t  next  were  his  victims.  He  now  received  a  conmiissioii  from  the 
French,  anil  the  better  to  enlist  the  Cherokee^  and  others  in  his  cause,  removed 
with  his  family  far  into  the  heart  of  the  country,  upon  a  river,  by  wiiicli  he 
could  receive  supplies  from  the  fort  at  Alabama.  Neither  the  Freneh  nnr 
Great-mortar  yvere  deceived  in  the  advantage  of  their  newly-chosen  position; 
for  yoimg  warriors  joined  him  there  in  great  numbers,  and  it  was  fast  becoming 


*  Mens.  Dii  Pratz,  Hist,  de  Louisiana,  tome  i.  ch.  xii. 

t  So  called  because  it  was  96  miles  from  the  Cherokee.    Adair. 


;kasaus.  [iJouKiv. 

|)tly  seconded  by  tlie 
lie  whole  tiiin'  of  the 
umb'-r  of  15  or  l(jOO 
■ouiitry  of  ilie  Nmch- 
icamped  iieur  tlie  old 
Missed  between  tlitin 
'ery  liononible  to  tlie 
iiig  ull  their  prisoners 
luid  balls  beliiiul  tlicm. 
;aui  the  n.-treiit  of  tlic 
d  the  Mississip])!,  ami 
month  of  Red  River. 
xt  year, 
resign  themselves  into 

fonx',  add(!d  to  tluM; 
o  accordiniily  invested 
dden  approach  of  tlie 
Miey  made  a  despenite 
ifith  great  lei's.  Tiiey 
ad  the  year  before,  Imt 
flicer ;  yet  the  uttcinpt 
id  the  greater  number 

enemies  in  this  siefre, 
irt,  made  great  liavnp, 
es  of  the  women  ami 
to  be  given.  Hiniiielf, 
i  to  New  OrlcuiiH,  mid 
le  women  and  children 
g's  ])lantations ;  among 
to  notify  the  coiiniiaml- 
n  tb.c  particulars  of  the 
ese  slaves  were  shortly 
)untry  of  the  Natchez,* 

ry  cc^lebrated  l\biskojree 
0  French  interest,  and 
which  was  not  far  di*- 

was  a  time  when  he 

and  imi)riident  conduct 

),  might  have  been  re- 

ensued  averted.    At  a 

the  object  of  regaininsr 

was  refnsed  to  Gmi/- 

1  much  other  iingener- 

I  name.     As  lie  sujier- 

tained  severe  niul  liiird 

\G  Tohacco-cater,  sprung 

unately  missed  him,  hut 

have  been  iniinediately 

Had  this  first  blow  been 

nmediately  i)Ut  to  death. 

till!  English  traders, and 

igcanc,  a  settlement  near 

a  conunissioii  from  the 
rs  in  his  cause,  removed 
on  a  river,  by  wliirli  he 
Neither  the  French  iwr 
newly-chosen  position; 
md  it  was  fast  becoming 


CiHi"'  v.] 


M'GILLIVRAY. 


45 


XII. 

kee.    Adair. 


,(Teni'ial  rendezvous  for  all  the  Missi8si|)pi  Indians.  Fortunately,  however, 
tiirtlie  Kiigl"'''?  the  Chickasaws  in  their  interest  [ilucked  up  this  liohon  upas 
lul'drc  its  l)ranch(!S  were  yet  exteudc'd.  Tliey  fell  U|)on  them  by  surprise, 
killed  the  brotiier  of  Great-mortar,  and  completely  destroyed  the  design.  Ho 
(Vil  not  to  his  native  i)lace,  but  to  one  from  whence  he  cotild  best  annoy  the 
[iidlish  settlements,  and  commenced  anew  the  work  of  death.  Augusta,  in 
Georgia,  and  many  scattering  settlements  were  destroyed.*  Those  ravagesj 
flerc  conti"Med  until  their  united  forces  were  defeated  by  the  Americans  under 
Genera!  Grant,  in  17G1,  ps  we  have  narrated. 

We  have  next  to  notice  a  chief,  king,  or  cmy)cror  as  he  was  at  different 
limes  entitled,  whose  omission,  in  a  biographical  work  upon  the  Indians,  would 
incur  us  much  criminality,  on  the  part  of  the  biographer,  as  an  omission  of 
jimkons^ehelas,  ff^Mte-eyes,  Pipe,  or  Ockonostota ;  yea,  even  more.    We  mean 

ALEXANDER  M'GILLIVRAY,  who  was,  jjeriiaps,  one  of  the  most  con- 
iiiiiuoiis,  if  not  one  of  tlie  greatest,  chiefs  that  has  ever  borne  that  title  among 
the  Creeks ;  at  least,  since  tliey  have  been  known  to  the  Europeans.  Ho 
flourished  during  half  of  the  last  century,  and  such  was  the  exalted  o{)inion 
pi:tertaiiied  of  liiin  by  his  countrymen,  that  they  styled  liim  "king  of  kings." 
His  niotlier  was  his  predecessor,  and  the  governess  of  the  nation,  and  he  had 
several  sistere,  who  married  leading  men.  On  the  death  of  his  mother,  he 
c  ;.i  chief  sQchem  by  the  usages  of  his  ancestors,  but  such  was  '  i;;  disinter- 
psted  ]mtriotism,  that  he  left  it  to  the  nation  to  say  whether  he  shoidd  succeed 
iiithesachemship.  The  people  elected  him  "emperor."  He  was  at  the  head 
ot' the  Creeks  during  the  revolutionary  war,  and  was  ia  the  British  interest. 
Aiiir  the  peace,  he  becatne  reconciled  to  the  Americans,  and  cxpres8(;d  a 
dcjire  to  renounce  his  ))ublic  life,  and  reside  in  the  U.  States,  but  was  hindered 
bv  ilie  earnest  solicitations  of  his  countryir-ep,  to  remain  among  them,  and 
jircet  their  affairs. 

His  residence,  according  to  General  J^i!fort,\  who  married  his  sister,  was 
near  Tallahassee,  about  half  a  league  from  what  was  formerly  Fort  Toulouse. 
He  lived  in  a  handsome  house,  and  owned  GO  negroes,  each  of  whom  he  jiro- 
vided  with  a  separate  habitation,  which  gave  his  estate  the  appearance  of  a 
lillle  town,  t 

M'Gillivray  .vns  a  son  of  an  Endishman  of  that  name  who  married  a  Creek 
noiiian,  and  hence  wius  what  is  called  a  half  breed.  He  was  born  about  1 73i), 
aiid,at  the  age  often,  was  sent  by  his  father  to  school  in  Charleston,  where  he 
BUS  in  the  care  of  Mr.  Farquhar  M'Gillivray,  who  was  a  relation  of  his  father. 
l!i>  tutor  was  a  Mr.  .S^/iee(/.  He  learned  the  Latin  language  unuer  the  tuition 
of  Mr.  WUlinvi  Henderson,  afterwards  somewhat  eminent  among  the  critics  in 
London.  When  young  M'Gillivray  was  17,  he  was  put  into  a  counting-house 
in  Savannah,  but  mercantile  aftiiirs  had  not  so  many  charms  as  books,  and  he 
spent  all  the  time  he  could  get,  in  reading  histories  and  other  works  of  useful- 
ness, After  a  short  time,  his  lather  took  him  home,  where  his  superior  talents 
soon  began  to  develop  themselves,  and  his  jiromotion  followed.  He  was  often 
mied  general,  which  commission,  it  is  said,  he  actually  held  under  Charles 
III.,  king  of  Spain.     This  was,  probably,  before  he  was  elected  emperor. 

To  he  a  little  more  yiarticular  with  this  distinguished  man,  I  wijl  hazard  a 
repetition  of  some  facts,  for  the  sake  of  giving  an  account  of  him  as  recorded 
by  one  §  who  resided  long  with  him,  and  consequently  know  him  well.  He 
was  the  son  of  a  Cri^ek  woman,  of  the  f  iimily  of  the  Wind,  whose  father  was  an 
officer  in  the  French  service,  stationed  at  Fort  Toidouse,  near  the  nation  of  the 
.\labaii)as.  This  officer,  in  trading  with  the  Indians,  became  acquainted  with 
tlie  mother  of  our  chief,  whom  he  married.  They  had  five  children,  two  boys 
and  three  girls.  Only  one  of  the  boys  lived  to  grow  up.  As  among  other 
tribes,  so  among  the  Creeks,  the  children  belong  to  the  mother ;  and  when 
.VGi//iDra)/'s  fiither  desired  to  send  him  to  Charleston  to  get  an  education,  he 
Has  obliged  first  to  get  the  mother's  consent.  This,  it  seems,  was  easily 
ohuiined,  and  young  ArGUlivray  was  put  there,  where  he  acquired  a  good 

'  Adair's  Hist.  N.  American  Indians,  254,  &c. 

t  iMemoire  ou  coup-d'oBil  rapide  sur  incs  ditrereus  voyages  et  men  sejour  dans  la  nation 
CrSck,  p.  27.  t  Ibid,  $  General  Mil/ort. 


* 

I 

!|^ 

t 

I. 


■<^,i 


HI., 


'    it:,   ^P 


•  .  t^'  '1 


46 


M'GILLIVRAY.— HIS  VISIT  TO  NEW  YORIC. 


[Hook  IV. 


Kir- 


educatioji.  Iln  did  not  rotuni  for  some  time  to  liis  nntion,  wjiicli  wns  nt  t!i,. 
couimcncciiifiit  of  tlie  nn'oliitioimry  war;  and  ii<!  tlicii  went, coniniissioiiid  L 
the  royalists,  (o  invito  his  coniitrymcn  to  a  treaty  upon  tlr;  '•'ontii'r-,  an,!  tl, 
unitd  thorn  against  tiie  relicls.*  lie  <;c!i('raliy  spol  he  l!nf,'lish  luiigimm,' 
wliich  was  not  pleasing  to  ins  mother,  wlio  would  n  .  .peak  it.}  ' 

Aller  tiic  war  he  l)i}cani<!  attaehed  to  the  Americans,  and  ultliongh  tlic  I,, 
derers  caused  ircqnent  tro-jhles,  yet  h<;  made  and  renewed  treaties  witli  ti,,, 
In  1790,  he  came  to  New  York  with  ^9  of  his  chiefs.  Owing  to  sonii!  iiiisim. 
derstanding,  he  had  refused  to  treat  at  Rock  Landing  a  short  time  Iit|i,r,. 
when;  connnissioners  from  the  U.  States  had  attended  ;  and  the  goverimiint 
justly  fearing  a  rni)ture,  unless  a  speedy  reconciliation  should  takti  niac," 
des|)atched  Coioiud  Marinus  fVilltl  into  tht;  Oeek  country,  with  a  pacific  \i\\,.l 
to  General  M'Gillivray.  He  succeeded  in  his  mission,  and  the  chiefs  ariivhl 
in  New  York  2.'}  July,  17{X).|  They  were  conducted  to  tlie  residence  ol' ti,,. 
secretary  of  war.  General  Knox,  who  conducted  theiii  to  the  house  of  |j„ 
l)resident  of  the  U.  States,  and  introtluced  them  to  him.  President  IVnshki;. 
ton  received  them  "in  a  very  handsome  manner,  congratulated  tlieni  on  tinii. 
safe  arrival,  and  expressed  a  hope  that  the  interview  would  f)rov(;  licurficiiii 
both  to  the  U.  States  and  to  the  Creek  nation."  They  next  visited  the  govcuidr 
of  the  state,  from  whom  they  received  a  most  cordial  welcome,  Tiify  tjun 
proceeded  to  the  City  Tavern,  where  they  dined  in  company  with  (/ciicraj 
Knox,  and  other  officers  of  govermnent.  A  correspondence  between  Governor 
Telfair,  of  Georgia,  and  "Alexander  MGillrary,  Escj."  probably  oiiened  the 
way  for  a  negotiation,  which  terminated  in  a  settlement  of  difficulties.  From 
the  following  extract  from  M^GiUivraifs  letter,  a  very  just  idea  may  ho  furmcil 
of  the  state  of  the  affiiirs  of  his  nation  previous  to  his  visit  to  N;  w  York.  "In 
answer  to  youi-s,  I  have  to  observe,  that,  as  a  peace  was  not  concluded  on 
between  us  at  the  Rock-landing  meeting,  your  demand  for  property  taken  iiy 
ou  •  vvarriors  froiti  off  the  disputed  lands  cannot  be  admitted.  We,  also,  have 
had  our  losses,  by  captures  made  by  your  people.  We  are  willing  to  coni'lndo 
a  peace  with  you,  but  you  must  not  expect  extraordinary  concessions  from  us. 
In  order  to  s|)are  the  further  effusion  of  human  blood,  and  to  linally  deterniine 
the  war,  I  am  willing  to  concede,  in  some  measure,  if  you  are  disjiosed  to  tnat 
on  the  ground  of  mutual  concession.  It  will  save  trouble  and  expense,  if  ilie 
negotiations  are  managed  in  the  nation.  Any  person  from  yon  can  he  assured 
of  ])ersonal  safety  and  friendly  treatment  in  this  country."  It  was  dated  at 
Little  Tellassee,  30  March,  ITJK),  and  directed  to  "His  Excellency  Edward 
Telj/'air,  Esq."  and  signed  "^/er.  M^Gillivraif." 

This  chief  seems  afterwards  to  have  met  with  the  censure  of  his  pooiilo,  at 
least  some  of  them,  in  a  manner  similar  to  that  of  Mcintosh  recently  ;  and  was 
doubtless  overcome  by  the  persuiisions  of  designing  wliites,  to  treat  for  tlie 
dis[)osjd  of  his  lands,  against  the  general  voice  of  his  nation.  One  Bowl(s,'i 
whit(^  man,  led  the  councils  in  ojn>osition  to  his  proceedings,  and,  for  a  time, 
M'Gillivray  absented  himself  from  his  own  tribe.  In  1792,  his  party  took 
Boides  prisoner,  and  sent  him  out  of  the  country,  and  solicited  the  general  to 
return.  §  To  this  he  consented,  and  they  became  more  attached  to  liini  thiin 
ever.  He  now  endeavored  to  better  their  condition  by  the  introduction  ot' 
teachers  among  them.  In  an  advertisement  for  a  teacher,  in  the  sunniicr  of 
1792,  he  styles  himself  emperor  of  the  Creek  nation.  His  quiet  was  soon 
disturbed,  and  the  famous  John  fVatts,  the  some  summer,  with  500  warrim^f, 
Creeks,  and  five  towns  of  the  Chickamawagas,  committed  many  depredations, 
The  Spaniards  were  supposed  to  be  the  movers  of  the  hostile  party.  ,WGil- 
livray  died  at  Pensacola,  February  17,  1798,  ||  and  is  thus  noticed  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Gazette: — "This  idolized  chief  of  the  Creeks  styled  liiniscif 
king  of  kings.     But,  alas,  he  could  neither  restrain  the  meanest  fellow  of  his 

*  MilfoH,  323,  .324.  t  Sec  IMwes,  Amcr.  Ar.iials,  11,  384. 

X  Colonel  Willcl's  Narrative,  112.  "  They  were  received  will)  great  splciidor  by  the  Tarn- 
many  iSorioty,  ill  the  dress  of  their  order,"  on  their  landing.     lb, 

^  In  I7!)l,  this  Bow'es,  with  five  chiefs,  was  in  England,  and  wc  find  tlii<  notice  of  him  in 
llie  European  Magazine  of  (hat  year,  vol.  1!),  p.  268  : — "  The  ambassadors  consisted  of  iwo 
Creeks,  and  of  Mr.  linwles,  (a  native  of  Maryland,  who  is  a  Creek  by  adoption,  and  the  pres- 
eiil  general  of  that  nation,)  and  three  Clierokces.  ||  Mil/ort,  W. 


[Rook  IV 

lich  wns  (It  the 

iimiis.si(iii,.|l  |,Y 

roiiticiv,  ami  to 

f,'lisli  Imicimcc, 

t 

liongli  till!  Imr- 

ities  with  tlicn, 

to  8011U!  misMli. 

)rt  time  lut'orc, 
:he  govfiniiiiciit', 
uld  takd  |)lnc,., 
Ii  a  pucitio  liticr 
,e  cliii'fs  nrrivcii 
residence  of  tin. 
le  house  of  the 
wideut  Washing. 
•d  tliein  on  tin  ir 
prove  iH'iipticiai 
ited  tlie  govciiKir 
iriie.  They  then 
ly  witli  Genoral 
jtweeii  GnvcriKir 
)fil)ly  opened  the 
iffieulties.  From 
II  may  l)e  iormeii 
N'.wYork.  "hi 
lot  conchidwl  on 
iiroperty  tiikcii  hy 
.  We,  also,  liavo 
illing  to  concliulo 
icessions  from  us. 
I  iiiialiy  drterininn 
disposed  to  trial 
d  expense,  if  tlm 
II  can  be  assured 
It  was  (Intod  at 
collency  Edimi 

of  yds  pcoiilc,  at 
[ecently ;  and  was 
to  treat  for  the 
One  Boio/fs,a 
4,  and,  for  a  liiuo, 
his  party  took 
[ted  the  general  to 
;hed  to  liini  than 
le  iiitrodurtioii  of 
[ill  tlie  suninicr  of 
Is  (jiiict  was  soon 
'ith  500  wan-ioi-s, 
lanv  depredatiniis. 
[le  party.    M'Gil- 
lis  noticed  in  the 
Iks  styled  hiiiiself 
Ine^t  fellow  of  his 

.  Ai'.iials,  ii.  384. 
fcplci.dor  by  the  Tam- 
il tins  notioe  of  him  in 
Idors  consisleii  of  iwo 
Tloption,  and  the  pros- 
■^       II  Mil/ort,  3S!5. 


CHAP,  v.] 


MAD-DOG.— THE  SOUTHERN  UOUNDARY. 


47 


nation  from  the  commission  of  a  crime,  nor  jiiinish  him  after  ho  had  commit- 
ted it!    ll*^  might  persuade  or  advise,  ail  the  good  an  Indian  king  or  chief 
caii'l"'"    '^'"^  '*''  g'''"""""y  speaking,  a  tolerahly  correct  estimate  of  the  extent 
of  the  power  of  ciiieis;    but   it   should    be   remembered  that  the  ehit^fs  of 
(lilftrent  tribes  exercise  very  diftereiit  sway  over  their  people,  ncconliiig  lis 
;iuh  chief  is  endowed  with  the  sjiirit  of  government,  by  nature  or  ciniim- 
<tance.    There   is  great  absurdity  ui  np|»lyiug  the  name  or  title  of  king  to 
hiiliun  chiefs,  as  that  title  is  commonly  understood.     The  first  l'imrip(\aii.s 
ciiiiferrcd  the  title  upon  those  wiio  appttnred  most  iirominent,  in  their  first 
jii^^^oveiies,  for  want  of  another   more  approjiriate ;   or,  |)erhaps,  tii(!y  iwid 
aiwtliei'  reason,  namely,  that  of  magnifying  their  own  exuloits  on  their  return 
lotheirown  coimtri.'.s,  by  rej)orting  their  interviews  with,  or  conquests  over, 
"inaiiy  kings  of  an  unknown  country." 
t'liiiteinporary  with  General  M^Giilivray  was  a  chief  called  the 
TAME-KING,  whose  riisideiice  was  among  the  Upper  Creeks,  in  1791 ; 
and  he  is  noticed  in  our  public  documents  of  that  year,  as  a  conspicuous  cliief 
in  iiiatters  connected  with  establishing  the  southern  boundary.     At  this  time 
one  Bowles,  an  English  trader,  had  great  influence  among  the  Lower  Creeks^ 
jiidiised  great  endeavore,  by  putting  himself  forward  as  their  chief,  to  «'iilist 
ill  the  nations  in  opposition  to  tlie  Americans.     He  had  made  large  |)romises  to 
tliclpppi'  Creeks,  to  induce  them  not  to  hear  to  the  American  commissionera 
Thev  so  far  listened  to  him,  as  to  consent  to  receive  his  talk,  and  accordingly 
ilip  chiefs  of  the  upper  and  lower  towns  met  at  a  place  called  the  HitlJ'-icaij- 
iMMf,  where  they  expected  Bowks  in  person,  or  some  letters  containing  (Ic^finita 
stati'Uieiits.    When  the  chiefs  liad  assembled.  Tame-king  and  Mad-dog,  of  the 
imiior towns,  asked  the  chiefs  of  the  lower,  "whether  they  had  taken  Bowles's 
talks, ami  v.here  the  letters  were  which  this  great  man  had  sent  them,  and 
ivlicretho  white  man  was,  to  read  them."     An  Indian  in  Bowl,es''s  employ  said, 
Hit' was  to  give  them  the  talk."     They  laughed  at  this,  and  said,  "they  could 
hear  his  inouth  every  day;  that  they  had  come  there  to  see  those  hitters  and 
brtliLiii  read."    Most  of  tlfc  chiefs  of  the  upper  towns  now  left  the  coiiii- 
cil,  which  was  about  the  termination  of  Boioles's  successes.     lie  was  shortly 
aiimvaids  obliged  to  abdicate,  as  we  have  already  declared  in  tin;  life  of 
jrCffimiv.    He  returned  again,  however,  after  visiting  Spain  and  England, 
and  f|K'n(ling  some  time  in  prison.* 

]\r.Etlicolt  observes,!  that,  at  the  close  of  a  conference  with  sundry  tribes, 
lidi  15  August,  17!)5J,  in  which  objects  were  discussed  concerning  his  passage 
;!iriiiigli  their  country,  that  "the  business  appeared  to  terminate  as  fiivorably 
iMould  he  expected,  and  the  Indians  declared  themselves  perfectly  satisfied ; 
Imi  1  nevertheless  had  my  doubts  of  their  sincerity,  from  the  dt;|ir(Mlation3 
iliiy  were  constantly  making  upon  our  horses,  which  began  upon  the 
CociKMiek,  and  had  continued  ever  since  ;  and  added  to  their  insolence,  from 
till  ir  stealing  every  article  in  our  camp  they  could  lay  their  hands  on."  Mr. 
HWexcejits  the  Upper  Creeks,  generally,  from  participating  in  tliiise  rob- 
kricsfdl  but  Tame-king  and  his  people. 

Though  we  have  named  Tame-king  fii-st,  yet  Mad-dog  was  quite  as  con- 

ipiiuous  at  this  time.     His  son  fought  for  the  Americans  in  the  last  war,  and 

i  u<  nientioiied  by  General  Jackson  as  an  active  and  valuable  chief  in   his 

1  e\|ii  ditions.    His  real  name  wo  have  not  learned,  and  the  general  mentions 

lii;a  only  as  Mai-clog's  son. 

Ii:  tiK!  case  of  the  boundary  already  mentioned,  the  surveyors  met  with  fre- 
jl'ii'iit  difficulties  from  the;  various  tribes  of  Indians,  some  of  whom  were 
iiillii'ueed  by  the  Spanish  govnrnor,  Folch,  of  Louisianiu  Mad-dog  a|)|)eared 
ilnir  friend,  and  undcceivcid  them  respc'cting  the  governor's  pretensions. 
Aronfei.iice  was  to  be  hehl  aliout  the  4  May,  between  the  Indiaii.s,  Governor 
i'W.aiid  the  American  commi.ssioiiers.  Tlu;  jilace  of  meeting  was  to  be  upon 
ICoiiKculi  River,  near  the  southern  estiiaiy  of  the  bay  of  Pensacola.     When 

'  lie  was  conliiicil  in  llio  Moro  castle  in  llio  Havana,  with  three  Clierokccs  that  arcom- 
Ipaiiipil  him.  'I'liis  was  in  1792.  Il  was  said  ihat  ilii  i  invoieraio  enemy  of  the  United  Slates, 
\Bn':h,  was  will)  the  Indians,  at  St.  Clair's  Uelcal.—  Carey's  Museum,  xi.  40  f. 

tliihis  Journal,  214. 


48 


WEATIIERFORD. 


[Hook  FV, 


the  AmcricnnH  nrrivcd  there,  Mad-dop;  \wx  tlierri,  nnd  hiforniod  Cdldm,] 
Hawkins,  tlie  Iiulian  ngt'iit,  tlmt  two  Iiidiniis  hnd  jiwt  gono  tit  the  TiiIIis,si,h 
with  had  talks  IVoiii  tlio  governor.  Tlie  colonel  told  him  it  could  nm  Ih'  n,,,. 
sihie.  Shortly  after,  MaU-tlofr  uwked  Colonel  Hawkins  and  Mr.  Hlli(i,ll,\\i[, 
eonimissioner,  if  they  HU|)i)osed  that  (jrovernor  Fulch  wonld  attend  at  the  tn  jiiv 
th(!y  said,  "  Mont  a.srturedly."  "JVo"  re-tunxMl  Mad-do^,  " he  loill  not  ntlnil'hf 
knotvs  wfiat  I  aliall  say  to  him  about  his  crooked  talks.  His  tonf!;ue  in  f„fl,,i 
ami,  (ui  you  are  here,  he  will  be  ashamed  to  shoto  it.  If  he  stands  to  what  lie  hnl 
told  us,  you  will  be  offended,  and  if  he  tells  us  tlutt  tlie  line  ou^ht  to  be  marhil  if 
will  contradict  himself:  but  lie  ttnll  do  neither  ;  he  will  not  co/zte."  It  tiiniid  mit 
as  Mad-dop:  derlai^a.  When  it  was  found  that  tlie  governor  would  not  iittcnd 
the  chief  went  to  Colonel  Hawkins  and  Mr.  Ellicott,  and,  hy  way  of  ulcusantrv 
said,  "  We//,  the  governor  Ims  not  come.  I  told  you  so.  A  man  mlh  two  lon<nin 
can  only  speak  to  one  at  a  time."  This  observation  has  reference  to  the  ^^r^^^,. 
ernor's' duplicity,  in  holding  out  to  the  Indians  Ins  deterndnation  not  tosutilr 
a  survey  of  the  boundary,  while,  at  the  sanie  time,  he  pretended  to  tiie  Aimrj. 
cans  that  he  would  facilitate  it.* 
Mad-dog  was  an  upper  town  Creek,  of  tlie  Tuckaabatchees  tribe. 


CBiP.  VI.]      WE/ 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Weathkhford — His  character  and  country — The  corner-stone  of  the  Crctk  cnnM. 
eracij — Furors  the  dcsiitns  of  Tccumsch — Captures  For:  Mimms — Drfiidful  mns- 
Sucre — Huhjrclion  of  the  Creeks — Wcalhcrford  surrenders  himself— Ills  iijxirkn— 
M'Intosii — JUds  the  Jimericuns — Battle  of  Jititimst  c — Grcf;'  xluuirlilrrDj' tlir  Imliam 
— Rattle  (f  the  llorsc-shoc-hend — L'lte  trouliles  in  the  Creek  nutiun — M'Intosii  maha 
ille<ral  sale  of  lauds — Executed  for  breaking  the  laws  of  his  country — Mfnahhav 
— TusTKNiT.GE — Hawkins — Chilly  M'Intosh,  son  of  William — Marrl.asc  of  kis 
sister — Lo  v  ett  . 

WEATIIERFORD,  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  war  chiefs  of  the  Crpfk 
nation,  demands  an  early  attention,  in  the  biographical  history  of  the  lute  war, 
Mr.  Claiborne,  in  his  Notes  on  the  War  in  the  South,  infornis  iis  that, 
"among  the  first  who  enteied  into  the  views  of  the  British  coniniissioiieis  was 
the  sinct;  celebrated  fVeatherford;"  that  he  was  born  in  the  Creek  nation,  and 
whose;  "  liitlur  was  an  itinerant  pedler,  sordid,  treacherous,  and  rcveiiL'itiil; 
his  mother  a  full-blooded  savage,  of  the  tribe  of  the  Seminoii'H.  lb;  \)m\m\k. 
(says  tiie  same  author)  of  all  the  bad  qualities  of  both  his  i)aiTiits,t  and 
engrailed,  on  the  stock  he  inherited  from  others,  many  that  were  iicL-iiliarlv 
his  own.  Witli  avarice,  treachery,  and  a  thirst  for  blood,  lie  conibiiu-s  lusi, 
gluttony,  and  a  devotion  to  every  species  of  criminal  carousal.  (Foiliiiii',  in 
her  iieaks,  sometimes  gives  to  the  most  profligate  an  elevation  of  mind, 
whicli  she  denies  to  men  whose  propensities  are  the  most  vicioiiii,)  Un 
Wealherford  she  bestowed  genius,  eloquence,  and  courage.  The  first  of  tliise 
qualities  enabled  liim  to  conceive  great  designs,  the  last  to  execute  tliein; 
while  eloquence,  bold,  impressive,  and  figurative,  furnished  him  with  a  jiass- 
port  to  the  favor  of  his  countrymen  and  followers.  Silent  and  reserved,  m\Vn 
when  excited  by  some  great  occasion,  and  superior  to  the  weakness  ol' 
rendering  himscdf  cheap  by  the  frequency  of  his  addresses,  he  doliveied  his 
opinions  but  seldom  in  council;  but  when  he  did  so,  he  was  listened  to  with 
delight  and  a]tprobation.  His  judgment  and  eloquence  hac'  secured  tlic 
respect  of  the  old  ;  liis  vices  made  him  the  idol  of  the  young  aiid  the  iiiiprin- 
cipled."  "In  his  person,  tall,  straight,  and  well  proportioned  ;  ids  eye  bhiik, 
lively,  and  jtcnelrating,  and  indicative  of  courage  and  enter|)rise ;  liis  niui 
prominent,  thin,  and  elegant  in  its  formation;  while  all  the  features  of  iiis  j 

*  Ellicott's  Journal,  203,  (fee. 
t  The  reader  slioiild  be  early  apprized  that  this  was  written  at  a  time  when  somi  prejudite 
miglu  have  infected  the  mind  of  ilie  writer. 


CBtr  VI.]      WEATHERFORD.— MASSACRE  AT  FORT  MIMMS. 


49 


faoe,  harmoniouHly  urmiij^t-d,  sponk  an  nctivo  n'nl  (liHcipliiiod   mind.     PnB- 
fioimtcly  devoted  to  wealth,  lie  liad  ajti'mprmtod  to  liiinHelf  a  iuw,  Irnct  ot 
tal,  improved  and  nettled  it;  and  from  the  profits  of  hiw  father'n  p 
embelliwhed  it.     To  it  ho 


up 


[W: 


laiui  improved  and  Hettied  it;  and  ironi  tiie  proms  (»i  ins  lainers  park,  had 
jiHorntcd  aiul  embellished  it.  To  it  he  retired  oceaHionaliy,  and,  relaxing 
friiiii  til"  earcs  of  state,  he  in<lulged  in  pleasures  vvhieli  an;  hut  rarely  found  to 
illiinl  satisfaction  to  the  dttvotees  of  ainhition  and  fame.  Sueli  were  tho 
oimdsito  and  soinetimeH  disj,'ustinp  traits  of  character  in  the  celebrated 
]Mlifrford,  the  key  and  conuT-stone  of  the  Crec^k  e<)iife<leracy  !  " 

It  is  siiid  that  this  chief  had  entered  fully  into  the  views  of  Tccum.ieh,  and 

tliat,  it'  li*^  bad  entered  upon  liis  designs  without  delay,  he  would  have  l>cea 

jiiiniv  able  to  have  overrun  the  whole  Mississi|)pi  territory.     IJiit  this  fortii- 

uaii'  iiioiiient  was  lost,  and,  in  tho  end,  his  plans  came  to  ruin.     Not  long 

Wore  the  wretched  butcbiTy  at  Fort  Mimms,  Gtuieral  Claiborne  visited  that 

i<t, ami  very  particularly  warned  its  jtossessors  against  a  sur|)risc.     Atler 

thing  onlern  for  tho  (;onstruction  of  two  additional  block-houses,  iie  con- 

(liKJed  the  order  with  these  words : — "  To  resp»!ct  an  enemy,  and  prepare  in 

the  best  possible  way  to  meet  liim,  is  tlio  certain  means  to  ensure  siic(;ohs." 

it  WHS  expected  that  IVenlhcrford  would  soon  attack  some  of  the  torts,  and 

GiiiiTul  Claiborne  marched  to  Fort  Early,  as  that  was  the  fiirthest  advanced 

iiiioilie  enemy's  country.     On  liis  way,  he  wrote  to  Major  lieasley,  tla;  com- 

iiiriider  uf  Mimms,  informing  liim  of  the  danger  of  an  attack  ;  and,  strange 

sj  it  may  appear,  tho  next  day  afler  the  letter  was  received,  (JW  August, 

lri:),)  }t'ealherford,  at  the  liead  of  about  1500  warriors,  entered  the  fo^t  at 

n(Kiu-(lay,  when  a  shocking  carnage  ensued.     The  gate  had  been  leli.  open 

aiiil  iiii;iimrded ;  but,  before  many  of  tho  warriors  had  entered,  they  were 

m  liy  Major  Beasleif,  at  the  head  of  liij!  men,  and  for  some  tinn;  the  contest 

w  liloody  and  (loubtful ;    eacli  striving  for  the  maatery  of  the  entrance. 

Here,  iiian  to  man,  tho  fight  continued  for  a  quarter  of  an  hour,  with  toma- 

taivks,  knives,  swords  and  bayonets :  a  scene  there  presented  itself  almost 

miiioiit  a  parallel  in  the  annals  of  Indian  warfare !     The  garrison  consisted 

diili):  of  these  only  1(J0  were  soldiers;  the  rest  were  old  men,  women  and 

diiklrpii,  wlio  had  here   taken  refuge.     It  is  worthy  of  very  em|ihaticul 

mmrk,  tiiat  every  officer  expired  fighting  at  the  gate.     A  lieutenant,  having 

Urn  badly  wounded,  was  carried  by  two  women  to  a  block-house,  but  when 

he  tti\s  a  little  revived,  he  insisted  on  being  carried  back  to  the  fatal  scene, 

irliiili  was  done  by  the  same  heroines,  who  placed  him  by  the  side  of  a  dead 

coin|ranioii,  where  he  was  soon  de8j)atched. 

The  defenders  of  the  garrison  being  now  nearly  all  slain,  the  women  and 
diililrcii  shut  themselves  up  in  the  block-houses,  and,  seizing  upon  what 
neaiions  tlicy  could  find,  began,  in  that  perilous  and  hopeless  situation,  to 
doti'iid  themselves.  But  the  Indians  soon  succeeded  in  setting  these  houses 
oDlirr,  and  all  such  as  refused  to  meet  death  without,  perished  in  the  flames 
niiliiii!!  Seventeen  only  escaped  of  all  the  garrison,  and  many  of  those 
we  di'sporntely  wounded.  It  was  judged  that,  during  the  contest  at  the 
pie,  near  400  of  Meather/ord's  warriors  were  wounded  and  slain. 

Tlie  iiorrid  calamity  ut  Fort  Mimms,  in  the  Ttsnsau  settlement,  as  it  Is 
tall  (I,  was  not  tho  commencement  of  the  bloody  war  with  the  Crock  Indians. 
Tiie  motions  of  the  Shawanee  Prophet  had  been  scrutinized  by  peo])le  upon 
llif  frontiers  of  several  states,  anil  memorials  from  Indiana  an(l  Illinois  had 
kci sent  to  the  i)resident  of  the  United  States  by  some  of  their  ])rincipal 
iiilial)itantH,  in  1811,  calling  on  liim  to  send  out  an  armed  force  for  their 
wiirity. 

hi  tlie  Slimmer  of  1812,  some  families  were  cut  off  near  the  month  of  the 
Ohio,  and  soon  after,  upon  the  border  of  Tennessee,  two  other  families, 
consistinj^  of  women  anil  children,  were  butchere*!  in  a  manner  too  shocking 
for  description!     Georgia  was  also  a  sufferer  in  the  same  kind. 

In  respect  to  the  bloody  aflair  at  Fort  Mimms,  a  different  aspect  has  been 
ttrowii  around  it  from  that  generally  given  in  the  histories  of  the  war.  The 
R'vere,  tliouirh  probably  just  reflections  of  Judge  Martin  upon  the  conduct 
of  tlie  unfortunate  Beasley,  has  passed  without  contradiction.  Not  only  had 
iliat  officer  been  warned  by  General  Claiborne  of  his  danger,  as  already 
si^leil,  but  a  Creek  Indian  informed  him  in  a  friendly  manner  that  he  must 


ftO 


WEATIIKRFORD  SURRRNnRRS.— HIS  SPEECH.        [Book  iv 


exp«.''t  an  nttack  in  Icsstlmn  two  dnyH.  Wlicr  lin  hnd  niiuh;  li'm  nointniinico. 
tiori,  li.i  li!(l  tilt!  pliice,  "and  was  liardly  out  of  Mi>,'lit,  wlir-n  yo  or  :«)  „t' lij^j 
countrvi. It'll  farnt!  in  \\v.w,  and  (i)rciliiy  iMitt^rcd  tlin  ftu-t.  In  tlit'  aticrnpt  tn 
Binit  lilt!  vatf,  lirastci/ WHH  killfd:  iIid  ^aniHiMi  rovt^nprd  liix  (l,.„t|,  i^  ||^^^^ 
oC  all  till  assailants.  "'I'liis  first  parly  was,  liowtni'r,  soon  loliowt'd  Uy  |,'|,„||y 
of  abont  HOO:  tlit;  ffurrison  was  ovfrpowtTt'd,  tim  lort  taki-n,  and  cvl-rv  innii 
woman  antl  t  hiltl  in  it,  Mlanf^litcrctl,  with  tli«  exception  t)f  four  privntri,  wL, 
tlioiiffli  sevt-rcly  wonnded,  oH'ectcd  tlicir  cscapp,  and  rt'achcd  I'ort  SnuI. 
dnrd."*  limsl'jj  Ininsclf  was  carried  intt)  the  kitflicn  of  ont;  of  tlif  Ikhis,.^ 
witliin  the  fort,  nnd  was  there,  with  many  othtirs,  consntned  in  the  liiimiiMf 
ruins  !f  " 

Wht!n  tlie  newH  of  this  affair  was  circnhitctl  through  tlio  coiintrj',  many 
cried  aloud  for  vengeance,  antl  twt)  jMjwerful  armies  were  soon  upon  tlicir 
march  into  the  Intlian  country,  and  the  complett;  destrtiction  of  the  liKJJm, 
power  soon  followed.  The  Intliana  seeing  all  resistance  was  at  an  tin) 
great  numhersi  of  them  came  forward  and  made  their  suhmisaioii.  M>fl%^ 
/or/7,  however,  and  niony  who  were  known  to  he  desperatt;,  still  stood  nut. 
perha|iB  from  fear.  (Jeneral  Jackson  dt!tonnined  to  test  the  fitlelity  of  tlnimJ 
chit'fis  who  had  suhmittetl,  antl,  therefore,  ordered  them  to  deliver,  witlidn; 
delay,  fVeatherford,  hounti,  into  his  hands,  that  he  might  he  dealt  with  ns  Ik; 


therford,  h 
When  tl 


deserved.  When  they  hail  made  known  to  the  sachem  what  was  r(>(|iiirr(| 
of  them,  his  noble  spirit  would  nt)t  submit  to  such  degradatitin  ;  nnd,  to  IkiIiJ 
th-rn  harmless,  he  resolved  to  give  himself  up  witluiut  compidsion,  Aecdrd- 
ingly,  he  proceedetl  to  the  American  camp,  unknown,  until  lie  nppparpd 
betbrt!  the  commanding  general,  to  whose  presence,  under  some  prctfucp 
he  gained  atlmission.  General  Jackson  was  greatly  surprised,  when  tliecliiir 
Baid,  '■'■  1  am  Weatherford,  the  chief  who  commanded  at  the  capture  of  Fort  Mmm. 
I  desire  peace  for  my  people,  ana  have  com£  toaskit.^^  /acA"j»on  hail,  doiilitlcsH, 
determined  uj)on  iiis  execution  when  he  should  be  brought  hoiinil,  as  lie 
had  directed ;  but  his  sudden  and  unexpected  appearance,  in  this  ninnucr, 
saved  him.  The  general  said  he  was  astonisheil  that  he  should  venture  to 
appear  in  his  presence,  as  he  was  not  ignorant  of  his  having  been  nt  Fort 
Mimms,  nor  of  his  inhuman  conduct  there,  for  which  he  ':;o  well  desprvcdio 
die.  "I  ordered,"  continued  the  general,  "that  you  should  be  bri)iijB;lit  tn  me 
bound;  and,  had  you  been  brought  in  that  manner,  I  shoultl  have  known 
how  to  have  treated  you."  In  answer  to  this,  tVeatherford  made  the  t'olkiw. 
ing  famous  speech  : — 

"  /  am  in  your  power — do  tvith  me  as  you  please — /  am  a  soldier.  I  have  dont 
the  whites  all  the  harm  I  could.  I  have  fought  them,  and  fought  them  brnrthj, 
If  1  had  an  army,  I  luould  yetfghi — f  would  contend  to  the  last :  hut  I  hare  mm. 
My  people  arc  all  gone.     I  can  only  weep  over  the  misfortunes  of  my  nation.^' 

General  Jackson  was  pleased  with  his  boldness,  and  told  him  that  tlinii!;li 
lie  was  in  his  power,  yet  he  would  take  no  advantage ;  that  he  might  yot  juiii 
the  war  party,  and  contend  against  the  Americans,  if  he  chose,  hut  to  riepend 
Uf)on  no  quarter  if  taken  afterward;  and  that  unconditional  siihniissinn was 
liis  antl  his  people's  only  safety.     Weatherford  rejoined,  in  a  tone  ns  diirnitied 
as  it  was  indignant, — "  You  can  safely  address  me  in  such  terms  now.    Tkn\ 
was  a  time  tuhen  I  could  have  anstvered  you — there  teas  a  time  lohen  I  had  a  chokt  I 
— I  have  none  now.     I  have  not  even  a  hope,     I  could  once  aninutte  my  mrriorsl 
to  battle — but  I  cannot  animate  the  dead.    My  warriors  can  no  longer  hear  mn 
voice.     Their  bones  are  at  Talladega,  Tallushatches,  Emuckfaw  and  Tohomhl 
I  have  not  surrendered  myself  without  thought.     While  there  wasasingkmmX 
of  success,  I  never  left  my  post,  nor  supplicated  peace.     But  my  people  are  ffoiif,! 
and  I  now  ask  it  for  my  nation,  not  for  myself.     I  look  back  with  deep  sorroiri 
and  wish  to  avert  still  greater  calamities.     If  I  had  been  left  to  contend  with  lk\ 
Georgia  army,  I  woidd  have  raised  my  com  on  one  bank  of  the  river,  and  fivs^l 
them  on  the  other.     But  your  people  have  destroyed  my  nation.     You  are  a  hrml 
man.     I  rely  upon  your  generosity.      You  will  exact  no  terms  of  a  fonijiimiT 
people,  but  such  as  they  should  accede  to.     Whatever  they  may  be,  it  wovld  noic  inl 
madness  and  folly  to  oppose  them.    If  they  are  opposed,  you  shall  Jini 


*  Martin's  Hiit.  Louisiana,  ii.  316. 


t  Perkins's  Late  War,  198. 


I 


"H.        [BoDi  IV, 

;  liis  coininiiriicR, 
I  yo  or  ;«)  of  iii^ 
III  tlic  attrrii|ii  |„ 
liis  *l(>mli  liy  tliHt 
lUowfii  l)y  ulidily 
II,  and  every  iinin, 
Dur  priviitei,  wli,,, 
iiclied  Fort  Stml- 
ine  of  llie  Imn^i.^ 
(I  in  tlie  liuriiiiii! 

;ho  (lonntrj-,  many 
e  Hoon  ii|)()ii  tliclr 
tion  of  tlie  Imliun 
0  wiiH  nt  an  end, 
mission,  ffenthn- 
ate,  mill  stood  mn; 
ic  fidelity  of  \\\m, 
to  (Udivcr,  witliiui; 
bo  dcnlt  with  ns  Ik; 
wiiiit  wus  r(M|nirf(l 
utioii ;  and,  to  jiold 
iipulsion.    Acfiml- 

until  lie  npiiwpd 
liM"  some  prctcncp, 
sed,  when  the  chief 
iture  of  Fori  Mimm. 
kson  iind,  doulitiis!), 
)Uglit  lioiinil,  as  lie 
ice,  in  tlViH  iiiamuT, 
le  should  venturi'  to 
uvin;i  been  at  I'nrt 

zc.  well  deserved  to 

1(1  be  broiiatlit  tn  me 
should  have  known 

•d  made  the  follow- 


I 


soldier,    I  hm  dom 
ought  them  hrnnhj. 
'ast :  bid  I  hare  none. 
es  of  my  nation^ 
old  hini  that  tliniidi 
mt  he  niiflhtyptjoiiil 
chose,  l)Ut  to  depend 
onul  submission  was  i 
in  atone  as  dignified 
terms  noiv,    Thm] 
ne  tvhen  I  had  a  (km  1 
animate  mi/irarn'ori 
no  longer  Aenr  mjl 
ckfaw  and  To/iowkj 
,  was  a  single  rkm\ 
my  people  are  m<t\ 
ick  icith  deep  sorroif,r 
eft  to  contend  leilh  tk\ 
'  the  river,  and  fmis^ 
mon.     Yoa  areahrml 
terms  of  a  mfitn^ 
ay  he,  it  tvoidd  mw  Ml 
■d,  you  shall  jlnd  ' 

Late  War,  198. 


re 


Ciir 


.VI.] 


BATTLE  OF  AUTOSSEE  AND  OF  TOUOI'EKA. 


51 


jMnif.''  ""  sl<rmst  enforccra  of  ohedienre.  Those  who  would  still  hold  out,  can 
i,  iii^i" »'■"'  ""'.'/  'V/  "  ""'""  •'*/"'■''  "f  reiuitge.  To  this  thiif  must  not,  and  shtUl 
W  .«'"■'■'/"'  ""  '"■'''  '"'"*"""'  ojlhiir  country.  Vou  haw  told  our  nation  when  a. 
nnrW  IT"  "'"''"■  •*'{/'•  ''''"•''  '•''  f^'""^  talk,  and  Ihcy  ought  to  listen  to  it.  '/'hiii 
,;iilllist(n  to  it."  Anil  hcrt!  \vc  iiiii.st  closi!  our  |»ii'Heiil  account  of  ft'eathtrfurd, 
„  I  (liter  upon  that  of  a  ciiaractcr  oppo.scd  to  liiiii  in  tlic  lichl,  and,  if  w*;  can 
ylive  tlie  vvriierH  of  their  times,  o|)posite  in  uliuosl  all  tlie  ulliiii-s  of  life.  Thia 
„^4l|ii>  celebrated  and  truly  uiifortUi..ite 

,;,,,„.ral  WIM.MAM  iVi'IiNTOSII,  a  Creek  chief  of  the  trilx!  of  CovveUiw. 
II,  HU",  lil<«'  M'i'illivray,  a  iialf-breed,  whom  he;  coiisideiubly  resembled  in 
,\iral  particulars,  as  by  his  iiistory  will  appear,  lie  was  a  promi'ient  hader 
„l',..iiiliof  liis  countrymen  as  joined  the  Anujricans  in  tin*  war  of  Ih."^,  {;{,  and 
lliuiil  i.s  first  mentioned  by  (ieneral  b'toyd,^  in  his  account  of  the  /m///(,  as  ho 
oailiil  it,  <'!' Autos.see,  wliere  hi!  assisted  in  the  brutal  destruction  of  ^00  of  his 
lalimi.  Tiiere  was  nothiiif,'  lik(!  fij,'htiii<,'  on  the  part  of  the'  people  of  the 
iilaii, iw  ^^''  '  ""  '<""■",  heiiij;  surpri.sed  in  their  wi;,'\vams,  and  hewn  to  pieces. 
"Till' Cowelaws,"  says  the  geiu'ial,  "  under  ./U7/i<os/(,  and  'rookaubatcliiaiis,t 
.4r  M(t'l-dog\s-scn,  fell  in  on  our  fhinks,  and  foii<,'ht  with  an  intrepidity 
n.Htliy  of  any  troops."  And  atler  rehitinj^  the  burniiiff  of  tlie  place,  he  thu8 
pruieeds: — "It  is  dillieult  to  (h-lermine  the  Kireii<rtli  of  the  enemy,  but  from 
ilii' iiifoiiiiation  of  some  of  the  chiefs,  which  it  is  said  can  be  relied  on,  there 
were  a.xscinbled  at  Autossee,  warriors  Iroiii  eight  towns,  for  its  iltjfence  ;  it 
leiiig  their  beloved  ground,  on  which  tiiey  proclaimed  no  white  man  ctaild 
i|i|iiiiacli  without  inevitable  destruction.  It  is  difficult  to  give  u  i)r('ciso 
aiouimt  of  the  loss  of  the  enemy ;  but  from  the  number  which  were  lying 
sciiitirL'tl  over  the  field,  togethtsr  witli  those  destroyed  in  the  towns,  and  the 
many  sluiii  on  the  bank  oi'  the  river,  whicl.  resiKsctable  odicers  allirm  that 
liiiv  saw  lying  in  heaps  at  the  water's  edge,  where  th(!y  had  been  precipitated 
kilieir  surviving  friends,  [ ! !]  their  loss  in  killed,  independent  of  their  vvoiiiul- 
fll,  must  have  be(!ii  at  least  200,  (among  wliom  were  the  Autossee  and  Tallasseo 
b\p,)  and  from  the  ckcumstaiice  of  their  inuking  no  elforts  to  molest  our 
rdiirii,  probably  greater.  The  iiuiiiber  of  buildings  burnt,  some  of  a  superior 
order  for  the  dwellings  of  savages,  and  filled  with  valuable  urtiules,  is  supposed 
10  be  400."    This  was  on  the  2i)  November,  1813. 

irinlosh  was  also  very  conspicuous  in  the  memorable  battle  of  the  llorse- 
slioe-bend,  in  the  Tallapoosie  River.  At  this  place  the  disconsolate  tribes  of  tlno 
south  had  made  u  last  great  stand,  and  had  a  tolerably  regular  fortitied  cump. 
h  was  said  that  they  were  1000  strong.  They  hod  consti-uc^ted  their  works 
with  such  ingenuity,  that  little  could  be  effected  against  them  but  by  storm. 
"Deteriniiicd  to  exterminate  them,"  says  GeneraUac/«07J,  "  I  detached  Cfeiierol 
Coffee  with  the  mounted,  and  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Indian  force,  early  on 
ihe  morning  of  yesterday,  [March  27,  1814,1  to  cross  the  river  about  two  miles 
liclow  their  encam])meiit,  and  to  surround  the  bend,  in  such  a  inunuer,  as 
dial  none  of  them  should  escape  by  attempting  to  cross  the  river."  "  Beaii's 
company  of  spies,  who  had  accompanied  Gen.  Coffee,  crossi^d  over  in  canoes 
to  the  extremity  of  the  bend,  and  set  fire  to  a  few  of  the  buildings  which  were 
there  situated ;  they  then  advanced  with  great  gall-ritry  towards  the  breast- 
nork,  and  commenced  a  spirited  fire  upon  the  enenr,  behind  it."  This  force 
not  being  able  to  effect  their  object,  many  others  of  the  army  showed  gi"eat 
ardor  to  participate  in  the  us.sault.  "  The  spirit  which  animated  them  was  a 
sure  augury  of  the  success  which  was  to  follow."  "  The  regulars,  led  on  by 
tlieir  intrejiid  and  skilful  commander.  Col.  Williams,  and  by  the  gallant  Maj. 
Murdgomery,  soon  gained  |)ossession  of  the  wor's  in  the  mid.st  of  a  most  tre- 
nieiidous  fire  from  behind  them,  and  the  militia  t  'the  venerable  (Jen.  Doherty^a 
brigade  acconi|)!ini(!d  them  in  the;  charge  with  a  vivacity  and  firmness  which 
wukl  have  done  honor  to  regulai-s.  The  enemy  was  completely  routed. 
^tt  humlred  and  fifty  seven  \  were  lefl  dead  on  tho  peninsula,  and  a  great 
ninnber  were  killed  by  the  horsemen  in  attempting  to  cross  the  river.  It  is 
iKiievcd  that  not  more  than  twenty  have  escaped. 

"The  fighting  continued  with  some  sevcrliy  about  five  lioure  ;  but  we  con- 

*  Brannan's  olficial  letters.  t  Tuckahalcho.     Itartram,  447. 

t  These  are  tlic  general's  italics  j  at  least,  Brannan  so  prints  his  oilicial  letter. 


\ 


(1  •■>,'  'r'  »?.%;*»  li 


'•■» 


{■ ,;  ■ 


W":, 


m. 


m  M'lNTOSII'S   TRKATIES.  [r,,,,^  ,y 

tinin'd  t(i  dcHtroy  ninny  «•('  iliciii,  wlio  liail  concciilt'd  tliciiiNclvi'M  iimlrr  il 
hanks  ol"  llu'  river,  iiiilil  we  wrn-  prrvrntcd  liy  tlic  nij^lit.  'I'liis  nninrmi,  '" 
killi'd  Ki  who  lind  ln'cn  ronccaK'd.  \V«' tnok  alHiiit  y.'iO  IMixiim  is,  ii||  v^,^  ," 
and  cliildrcn,  t'\cc|it  two  i»r  llircr.  Our  Idhs  is  10(1  wninidod,  nntl  '^,1  |^i||'!|' 
IVlajor  AVIiitosli,  tin*  Cowrtnn,  who  joined  my  army  with  a  pan  of  h^  inll 
preally  dislin^'iiished  himself."*  Truly,  this  was  a  war  •>•' e\t(  rniiiiniioii'i! 
'I'he  friend  of  humanity  may  iiKiidro  whether  all  tiiose  p<><>r  wretclKH  wl,,,  l,.  i 
Hi'creted  themselvoH  hero  uiid  tlu.To  in  tli«  "cuveH  and  nteds,"  liail  (lis.n  i 
death?  _  ^  '' 

The  most  melaiiciioly  pnrt  oftho  life  of  the  ind()rtuiinte  AVInlonh  rciMiiinsi, 
he  recorded.  The  late  trouhicH  of  the  Creek  nation  liavi;  drawn  lliitli  m ,, 
n  sympathetie  tear  from  tlu;  eye  of  the  |ihilanthrt)pist.  These  troiiiiirs  »,,,.;. 
oidy  the  (•oiise(|ueiiees  of  those  of  a  hiijher  date.  Tiiose  of  IH**ri,  wc  tlii)ii<r| 
completed  the  climax  of  their  ntlliction,  hut  IKJ'j  must  sully  her  iiiiiiii|>  ^ni' 
records  of  their  oppression  also.  It  is  the  former  period  with  whiih  ()iii;iiij,|„ 
brings  us  in  collision  in  «dosin^  this  account.  In  that  year,  tin- pucmn, 
of  the  II.  States,  hy  its  a;(«'iitH,  seemed  determined  on  possi  ssin;^  a  liM"(tni(t 
of  their  country,  to  satisfy  the  state  of  (leorj^ia.  .l/7n/o,«/i,  and  a  sm!iir|i„it  u( 
the  nation,  were  for  vmwviWuf^  to  their  wishes,  hut  a  larf,'i?  niaioriiv  (jf  iij^ 
rountrymen  would  not  hear  to  the  proposal.  Tlic  commissioners  ciiMiiiniii 
were  satisfied  of  the  fact,  and  communicuted  to  the  |)resident  the  result  lit'd 
nieetinp  they  liad  had  for  the  purpose.  JIo  was  well  satislied,  nlsn,  \\ni 
Mcintosh  could  not  convey  tlie  lands,  as  lie  represented  hut  a  Hinall  pmt  of  |  j^ 
iiution,  hut  still  the  negotiation  was  ordered  to  he  renewed.  A  coiiiicij  •,\'u 
culled  hy  the  commissioners,  (who  were  (leorjfiuns,)' which  asseinhlcd  at  a 
place  calhul  InJian-spririg.  Here  the  cliief  of  the  Tiickaubatcheese  siiokiiu 
tlieni  as  follows :  "  \Ve  met  you  at  Itroken  Arrow,  and  then  told  you  w,.  i^j 
no  land  to  sell.  I  then  heard  of  no  claims  against  the  nation,  nor  have  I  siiirp. 
We  have  met  yon  here  at  a  very  short  notice,  and  do  not  think  that  tlit;  rluvfl 
who  are  hero  have  any  authority  to  ti-eat.  Genera'  Mcintosh  knows  ilmt  wo 
are  hoinid  hy  our  laws,  and  that  what  is  not  done  ii>  ^\w  public  s(]u;iro,  in  tlm 
general  council,  is  not  hindiiig  on  the  nation.  I  am,  therefore,  iimlir  the 
necessity  of  repeating  the  sumo  onswer  us  given  at  Broken  Arrow,  tiiat  we 
Lave  no  land  to  sell.  I  know  that  there  are  hut  few  here  from  the  iipinT 
towns,  and  many  are  absent  from  the  lower  towns.  Gen.  jyplntosh  knows  timt 
no  part  of  the  land  can  he  sold  without  a  full  council,  and  with  tiie  roiisnitof 
all  the  nation,  and  if  a  jmrt  of  the  nution  choose  to  leave  the  coiiiitrv,  thov 
cannot  sell  the  land  they  have,  hut  it  belongs  to  the  nution."  "  This  is  the 
only  talk  I  have  for  yon,  and  I  shul  I  return  home  i  mined  lately."  He  did  so. 
The  ill-advised  commissioners  informed  Mlntosh  and  his  party,  that  tlie  Cipi  k 
nation  was  sufficiently  represented  by  them,  ami  that  the  United  States  would 
beur  them  out  in  a  treaty  of  sale.  The  idea  of  receiving  the  whole  of  the  |);iy 
for  the  lands  among  themselves,  wos  doubtless  the  cause  of  the  coiicessimi  oi" 
Mcintosh  and  his  party.  "Thirteen  only  of  the  signers  of  the  treaty  wire 
chiefs.  The  rest  were  such  us  hud  been  degraded  from  that  rank,  and  un- 
known persons  ;  36  chiefs  present  refused  to  sign.  The  whole  |mrfy  nf 
M'Intosh  amounted  to  about  300,  not  the  tenth  part  of  the  nation."  Htilj  tiny 
executed  the  articles,  in  direct  violation  to  the  laws  of  their  nation,  «liiiii 
themselves  had  helped  to  form.  It  must  be  remembered  that  the  Clocks  lirid 
made  no  inconsiderable  advances  in  what  is  termed  civilization.  Tiny  had 
towns,  and  even  printed  laws  by  which  they  were  to  be  governed,  siinilnr  to 
thost;  of  the  United  States. 

The  treaty  of  Indian- spring,  dated  8  Junuory,  1821,  gave  universal  imeasi- 
ne"^-* ;  and,  from  that  day,  Mcintosh  lost  popularity.  It  was  generally  believed 
that  he  had  been  tampered  with  by  the  whites  to  convey  to  them  the  inlier- 
itanca  of  his  nation  !  and  the  following  letter  pretty  clearly  proves  such 
suspicions  had  been  justly  grounded.     It  is  dated 

"Nkwtown,  21s<  October,  1823. 

"  My  Friend  :  /  am  going  to  inform  you  a  feio  lines,  as  a  friend.  I  want  i/oa 
to  give  me  your  opinion  about  the  treaty  ;\  whether  the  chiefs  will  be  tvillin^  orml 


*  Braonan,  ul  supra. 


t  Tlial  at  hidian-spring,  8  January,  1821. 


Ciir.  VI.l 


M'lNTO.SlI— HIS   VII.LANY   I)F,TF,(  I'KU. 


53 


KOu  chiefs  fffl  dinponed  lu  Id  the  I'nilid  SltUm  havr  the  land,  part  of  it,  I  watU  i/ou 
L IW  HW  *"""' »■  '  """  iwikf  thv  v.  SliUiH  rommi.Mi'o»u7'.»  ^iVc  ipu  '^(KH)  itnllurg, 
y  \J'(  oy  the  tainf,  and  Oiiaki.ks  Hicks  IMMK)  didlnrs,  fur  fiir.vnl,  mid  nnhud^ 
1^1  know  it ;  »nd  if  }f(>ii  think  Ihr  land  wiiiililcii  [xhould'nt  .'\  .mid,  I  irill  hr  ml- 
itHid.  If  '^♦^  '"'•''  •''""*'''  ''«  -""dd,  I  toill  ff't  .'/«'*  ""■  oinuunt  bifiiri  tlir  Innt;!  H\y^n 
ij jiir»«'''  t'l  "'•''  i/  .'/""  if*'  itnif frimd  ifou  want  him  to  rcf»'i\  cil,  thttj  nhatl  rrreive. 
Xitthing  inore  to  iiy'orm  i/"U  tit  jninrnt. 

*' 1  rtmain  your  ufcdionate  fritnd,  WM.  MtlNTOSlI. 

"John  IIosh.* 
It, in  answer  return. 

■•N.  U.  The  whole  amount  is  $12,000,  ifou  can  divide  a nwnf^  your  friends, 
admve,  $7,000." 

Ilciu'f  tlitTO  call  1(0  no  (|ii<>stioii  iis  to  tlio  f?'"l'y  •onsrifiKV  of"  JWIntosh, 
I'/lioiigli  soiiM'  piirtH  of  till!  aliovo  letter  iiri"  sciirrely  iiitelliffilile.  Me  liad 
niijia'u'ii  lii«  I'rienil ;  Hoss  wan  not  to  Ix;  l)oiij,'lit;  fitr  lliree  days  after  the  letter 
«a!<  w'itteii,  viz.  24  Octoiu'r,  a  (•ouiieil  wfus  held,  and  .Wlntosh  wiw  jinwiit ; 
ihc  letter  was  read,  and  he  was  pMhlicly  exposed. 

\(it\vitli.staiidin^  what  had  heeii  done  at  lndian-Sprin<r,  it  appearn,  from  tlio 
sbiivr  letter,  that  anotlier  att(Mnpt  at  Neliin<;  land  was  made  in  IH2.'),  Ixit  eoulil 
iiiil  be  carried  into  effect,  the  villany  of  AVlnlosh  was  so  apparent ;  and  it 
apiKiirs  that  it  could  not  Im;  brought  ahoiit  until  12  Fehrnary,  1825,  which  is 
iIiimIiiIc  of  the  last  ireaty  made  l»v  APIntosh. 
^'M'lnlosh  was  aware,  that,  af{er  Ki>,'niiig  the  treaty,  his  life  was  forfeited, 
lie, and  others  of  his  coadjutors,  repaired  to  Milledgeville,  stated  their  fears, 
and  iluiined  the  protection  of  (}t!orgia,  which  was  promised  by  («ov.  Troup." 
It  must  be  observed  that  the  greater  part  of  the  |)nr<'liased  territory  was  within 
ilifoliiinied  limits  of  Georgia  ;|  and  that  the  Georgians  had  no  small  share  in 
tlie  wiioli!  transaction.  It  is  not  stnmger  that  the  people  of  Georgia  should 
(•(HKliii't  ns  they  have,  than  that  the  United  States'  government  should  place  it 
111  lier  |K)\ver  so  to  act.  To  take,  therefore,  into  account  the  whole  merits  of 
ihf  case,  it  must  bo  remembered,  that,  by  a  coiii[mct  between  the  two  |)artie9 
in  Wl,  the  former,  in  consideration  <>i'  the  hitter's  relinquishing  her  claim  to 
till"  Mis:<isHippi  territory,  agreed  to  \tinguish,  at  the  national  ex|)on8c,  tho 
liiiliiiii  title  to  the  lands  occuj)ied  by  them,  in  Georgia,  whejiever  it  coiild  f>e 
fiiiif,  upon  reasonable  terms.  |  Who  was  to  d»!cide  tohen  the  practicable  time 
iiail  iiirived,  we  believe  was  not  mentioned.  However,  previous  to  182.'>,  the 
liiiti'd  States  bad  succeeded  in  extinguishing  the  aboriginal  title  of  15,000,000 
icres,  niul  there  were  yet  al)out  10,000,000  to  l»e  bought  off.  §  The  change  of 
life  from  wandering  to  stationary,  whicii  the  arts  of  civilization  bad  efk-cted 

I iioDg  tiie  Indians,  made  them  |)rize  their  possessions  far  more  highly  than 
ntotbie,  and  hence  their  reluctance  and  opposition  to  relin(]ui8h  them. 
Thus  iinich  it  seemed  necessary  to  premise,  that  the  true  cause  of  the  fato 
of  .W7n/o«/i  should  be  understood.  It  appears  that  wben  the  whole  of  the 
nation  suw  that  the  treaty  which  he  and  his  party  had  made  could  not  be 
abroguted,  forty-nine  fillieths  of  them  were  violent  against  them  ;  and  there- 
fore resolved  that  the  sentence  of  the  law  should  be  executed  upon  him. 
Tlie  execution,  und  circumstances  attending  it,  are  thus  related :  ||  "About 
two  hours  before  day,  on  Sunday  morning,  1  May,  H  the  house  of  (ien. 
ithtosh  was  surrounded  by  Menaw-way,  and  about  100  Oakfuskee  warriors. 
M'lntosh  was  within,  as  likewise  were  his  women  and  children,  and  some 
white  men.  Menaw-toay  directed  an  interpreter  to  request  the  whites,  and 
the  women  and  children,  to  come  out,  as  the  warriors  did  not  wish  to  harm 
them;  that  Gen.  M'Intosh  had  l)roken  the  law  that  he  himself  had  long 
since  made,  and  they  had  come  to  execute  him  accordingly.  Tiiey  came 
out  of  the  house,  leaving  M'Intosh  and  Etotni-tustenugge,  one  of  his  adherents, 


^ 


■m  % 


■  4  ■•■f 

/  J    V..'.  ■  .  lit 

'       ■    i     }  V    ■  i.: 


u  rfli 


'  Thm  President  of  the  Nalional  Couucil  of  the  Creeks. 

t  Perkins,  Hist.  (T.  Slates,  a  work,  by  the  way,  of  great  value,  and  which  we  are  surprised 
stoulil  have  issued  from  the  press  with  little  or  no  notice. 

i  Amcr.  An.  Regr.  i.  &  Ibid.  |{  In  the  Annual  Register,  nt  supra. 

if  30  April  is  mentioned,  in  another  part  of  the  same  work,  a-s  the  date  of  the  execution, 
Mil  so  it  is  set  down  by  Mr.  Perkins,  in  his  Hist.  U.  S. 
5* 


51 

therein. 


M'INTOSH  AND  OTHERS  PUT  TO  DEATH. 


[Book  IV. 


The  warriors  then  set  fire  to  the  house ;  and  as  JiPJntosh  and  |,|g 
comrade  [Tustenugge]  attempted  to  come  out  ai  the  door,  they  shot  tliem 
both  down.  Tlie  same  day,  about  12  o'clock,  they  hung  Sam  Hawkiris,  a  Imlf 
breed,  in  the  Huckhosseliga  Square.  On  Monday,  the  2  May,  a  party  of 
liaHbee  Indians  fired  on  and  wounded  Ben  Hawkins,  another  half  hrued,  nrv 
badly.  The  chiefs  stated,  at  the  time,  that  no  danger  whatever  was  to  IjJ. 
apprehended  by  persons  travelling  through  the  nation  ;  that  they  were  friends 
to  the  whites,  and  wished  them  not  to  be  alarmed  by  this  execution,  wiiiij, 
was  only  a  compliance  with  the  laws  that  the  great  chiefs  of  the  nation  mude 
at  Polecat  Spring.  Chilly  jyVIntosh  escaped  from  the  house  with  the  whites 
and  was  not  fired  at  or  wounded."  He  is  now  chief  among  the  westtm' 
Creeks,  and  some  time  since  increased  his  notoriety  by  beating  a  nieiiil)er  of 
Congress,  in  Washington. 

The  great  agitation  which  the  execution  of  the  head  chiefs  of  the  Mlntosh 
party  ;;aused  was  allayed  only  by  the  interference  of  the  United  States' ifov- 
ernment.  Governor  Troup  of  Georgia  declared  vengeance  against  the  Creek 
natio'i,  denouncing  thj  execution  of  the  chiefs  as  an  act  of  murder ;  however 
he,  by  some  means,  learned  that  his  judgment  was  gratuitous,  and,  by  ainu 
of  President  Adams,  desisted  from  acts  of  hostility,  the  survey  of  the  disputed 
lands,  &c. 

We  have  not  learned  much  of  the  family  of  JWIntosh.  His  princii)al  resi- 
dence  was  on  the  Chattahoochie,  where  he  had  two  wives,  Susannah  and 
Peggy,  one  a  Creek,  the  other  a  Cherokee  woman,  and  this  is  the  place  wiiere 
he  was  killed.  About  50  miles  from  this  place,  on  the  western  brancii  of  tlie 
7 .  Jlapoosa,  he  had  a  plantation ;  here  lived  another  of  his  wives,  named  £/i':a, 
S>  i  was  the  daughter  of  Stephen  Hawkins,  and  sister  to  Samuel  and  Benjamin 
Hawkins,*  whose  fate  we  have  just  related.  On  14  August,  1818,  Jennij,  \m 
eldest  daughter,  was  married  to  fViUiam  S.  Mitchel,  Esq.,  assistant  Indian 
agent  of  the  Creek  nation.  They  were  married  at  a  place  called  Thmakkkah. 
near  Fort  Mitchel,  in  that  nation. f 

General  Aflntosh  puiticipated  in  the  Seminole  campaigns,  as  did  another 
chief  of  the  name  of  Lovett,  with  about  2000  of  their  warriors.  They  joined 
the  American  army  at  Fort  Scott  in  the  spring  of  1818.  X 


9000t 


CHAPTER  Vn. 

Creek  war  continued — View  of  the  Creek  countru— General  Jackson  ordertd  o$ 
against  them — Relieves  Chinnaby — Shelokta — -Path-killer — Capture  of  Lilta- 
futche — The  TallusiMtches  destroyed  by  General  Coffee — Battle  of  Tallmksit- 
Anecdote — Massacre  of  the  Hallihees — Further  account  of  Autossee  battle— Battle  of 
Camp  Defiance — Timpoochie — Battle  of  Eckanakalca — Pushamata — tVcalhi.rford 
— JiM  Fife — Battle  of  Emukfau — A  second  battle — Fife's  intrepidity — Buttir  of 
Enotochopko — Tohopcka — End  of  the  Creek  war — Death  of  three  Prophris— 
MoNoiiijE — M'QuEEN — Colbert,  alias  Piomingo — His  exploits — Anecdote— Mur- 
der o/ John  Morris — Mushalatubec — Pushamata — Speech  of  Mushahtukr  mi 
of  Pushamata  to  Lafayette  at  Washington — Pushamata  dies  there — Hillisiiago 
visits  England — Excites  the  Seminoles  to  war — A  modern  Pocahontas — Hoknot- 
limed — Massacres  a  boat's  crew  in  Apalachicola  River — Is  captured  willi  Iln.i.is- 
HAGO,  and  hanged — Neamathla — Rei.ioval  of  the  Florida  Indians — Their  tmtdid 
condition — M 'Queen — Rich  in  lands  and  slaves — Flies  to  Florida,  and  loses  his 
effects. 

At  this  period  the  Creek  Indians  occupied  a  country  containing  about  900 
square  miles;  bounded  on  the  north  by  Tennessee,  'i.,st  by  Georgia,  south  hy 
the  Floridas,  and  west  by  the  Mississippi ;  the  soil  and  climate  of  which 
could  not  be  considered  inferior  to  any  in  the  United  States.  TImsc  Indians, 
consisting  of  Creeks,  properly  so  called,  Chikasaws,  Choktaws,  and  Cin  ro- 

•  Report  of  the  Select  Committee  of  the  House  of  R?preseiitativcs,  U.  S..  578,  &r. 
t  NUes'i  Register,  14,  407,  i  N.  Y.  Monthly  Mag.  iii,  li. 


[Book  IV. 

"Intoah  and  Ins 
they  shot  iliem 
Hawkins,  a  half 
lay,  a  party  of 
half  breed,  vory 
ever  was  to  lie 
ley  were  frieiuls 
xecution,  wliidi 
the  nation  nmde 
with  the  whites, 
ng  the  westtrn 
ng  a  meinl)er  of 

;  of  the  JW/ii/ojli 
ited  StuteH'  gov- 
gainst  the  Creik 
urder ;  however, 
is,  an(l,  hy  adm 
y  of  the  disputed 

is  principal  resi- 
!8,  Susannah  and 
3  the  place  wiiere 
jrn  branch  of  the 
ves,  named  Elka. 
luel  and  Benjamin 
It,  1818,  Jcniii/,  his 
,  assistant  huliaii 
lied  T/ieaca(ctta/i. 

ns,  as  did  anotiier 
lors.    They  joiued 


CBAP.  VII.] 


SHELOKTA.— PATII-KILLER. 


55 


ackson  ordered  of 
I — Capture  of  Una- 
Itlle  of  Tuilmha- 
Isee  battle— BuUlf  of 
[mata— >rc«(Afr/«"i 
UrepiiUty—Butllf »/ 
If  three  Prophtis- 
Its—Mccdott-MuT- 
)f  Muslialaiukt  md 
t/tcre— Hu.Li?ii«» 

)CflA071<a«— HOKNOT- 

jptured  Willi  Hii-i's- 
Lns—Tkeir  lerdchii 
lorida,  and  loses  his 


Ltaining  about  000 
TGeorgia,  south  by 
climate  of  winch 
k  These  IndinnSi 
flaws,  and  Chiro- 

_,.8..678,&c.. 
loathly  Mag.  m,  14. 


kees,  had  for  a  long  time  been  on  amicablt!  terms  with  their  wliitc  neighbors, 
exchaiiging  their  furs  and  other  articles  with  thein  for  such  others  as  their 
ffaiits  required.  This  state  of  things,  l)iit  for  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  in 
Canada,  might,  and  would,  in  reason,  have  continued,  and  the  great  Creek 
uation  would  have  increased,  and  at  this  day  have  gained  vastly  in  population 
and  importance,  instead  of  being  dismembered,  its  inhabitants  sent  into 
baiushment,  and  finally  ruined.  Intermarriages  between  Indians  and  whites 
bad  become  frequent,  from  which  a  race  of  half-breeds  wo»-e  springing  up, 
and  instead  of  slavery,  the  Indian  women  were  taking  their  proper  places  in 
society,  and  the  men  were  cultivating  the  fields.  And  notwithstanding  the 
Prophet  and  Tecumseh  had  used  all  their  eloquence  to  engage  them  in  an 
early  quarrel,  it  was  not  until  they  heard  of  the  success  of  the  liritish  at  Mal- 
jen,  that  they  decided  on  taking  up  the  hatchet,  generally.  Such  was  the 
alacrity  among  the  northern  Indians  on  the  ca[)ture  of  General  Hull,  on  the 
16  August,  1812,  that  runners  arrived  from  among  them  to  the  Creeks  some 
lime  before  it  was  known  to  their  white  neighbors. 

For  the  horrid  butchery  at  Ten.^au,  the  followers  of  fVeatherford,  Monohoe, 
jnd -WQuin,  or  JiTQueen,  were  slioitly  to  atone,  in  the  most  summary  man- 
ner. There  was  a  great  encampint  nt  of  Creeks  under  Weatherford,  at  tlie 
Tallahasse.  or  Tallushatches  towns,  on  the  Coosa  River,  a  northern  brandi  of 
llie  Alabama.  The  eyes  of  t!ie  south  seemed  to  centre  upon  General  Jaclcson 
to  execute  vengeance  on  the  Indians,  and  notwithstanding  he  was  confined  to 
bis  room,  from  h  wound  in  the  arm,  which  he  had  lately  received  in  a  private 
quarrel,  when  the  news  of  the  massacre  arrived  in  Tennessee,  the  governor  of 
that  state  issued  an  order  to  him  to  raise  2000  men  with  all  possible  despatch, 
and  rendezvous  at  Fayetteville.  Colonel  Coffee  was  already  in  tlie  field. 
Mson's  march  into  the  enemy's  country  was  hastened  by  a  false  alarm,  and 
when  he  had  got  into  the  Indian  country,  he  found  himself  almost  destitute 
of  provisions  tor  his  army,  which  caused  considerable  delay.  At  a  jilace  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  called  Ditto's  Landing,  Greneral  Jackson  met  with  Colonel 
Cofte^s  regiment.  Here  he  remained  several  days,  but  despatched  Coffee 
with  700  men  to  scour  the  Black  Warrior  River.  At  Ten  Islumls,  on  the 
Coosa,  was  a  band  of  friendly  Creeks,  at  whose  head  was  a  chief  named 
CIdnnaby.  This  chief  had  a  kind  of  fort  there,  and  was  now  blockaded  m  it 
by  the  war  party.  Chinnaby,  hearing  of  Jackson^s  position,  sent  his  son,  She- 
lOKTA,  also  a  principal  chief,  to  the  general's  camp,  for  relief,  who,  without 
loss  of  time,  marched  up  the  river,  but  was  obliged  to  encamp  at  the  distance 
of  24  miles  from  Dittoes,  from  the  failure  of  his  supplies.  While  here,  Path- 
iiLLER,*  a  Cherokee  chief,  sent  two  runners  to  him,  confirming  the  former 
news,  and  that  without  immediate  relief,  they  said,  they  should  be  immediate- 
ly cut  off,  for  the  hostile  Indians  were  assembling  in  great  force  from  nine 
towns.  Jackson  now  resolved  to  move  on,  and  told  the  messengers  of  Path- 
Bler  to  speak  thus  to  their  chief  from  him : — 

"  The  hostile  Creeks  wUl  not  attack  you  until  they  have  had  a  brush  loilh  me, 
(inrf  ikat,  I  think,  urill  put  tliem  out  of  the  notion  ofjightinp^  for  some  time" 

Wiien  the  army  had  arrived  within  a  few  miles  of  the  Ten  Islands,  it  was 
met  by  Chinnaby.  This  old  cl..ef  had  succeeded  in  capturing  two  hostile 
Creeks,  which  he  gave  up  to  General  Jackson.  The  army  was  yet  about  16 
n^i'es  from  the  Indian  encampniont,  and  in  a  lamentable  condition  for  want  of 
provisions ;  insomuch,  that  almos.'  any  one  but  Jackson  would  have  despaired, 
and  given  up  the  campaign  ;  but  i.is  resolution  was  not  to  be  shaken,  and  he 
happily  diffused  his  spirit  into  hiiL-  men.  He  said,  in  a  letter  to  Governor 
Blown/,  that  whilst  they  could  procure  en  ear  of  com  apiece,  they  would  not  give 
up  the  expedition. 

*  We  would  hcio  observe  that  Path-killer  was,  in  1822,  a  Christian  chief,  and  governed 
in  ihc  same  tribe  with  'he  famous  Mr.  Cliarles  Hicks  ;  and  his  residence  was  in  that  year  25 
miles  from  Turkeylown.  The  missionary,  Mr.  Bulrick,  notes  in  his  Journal,  that  ratk-kilUr 
ns"\\\c  kins;  or  Jirstbdovei  ma«,  of  the  Cherokee  nation,"  and  that  Mr.  Hicks  was  "the 
sicond beloiedman."  Patli-iiiller  had  had  a  son  murdered  by  some  wlnle  man,  before  (hia 
visit,  and  complained  of  the  outrage,  and  said  he  had  written  twice  to  the  president  of  the 
loited  States  about  it.    Both  these  chiefs  died  in  the  winter  of  1826. 


66  PATH-KILLER.— BATTLE  OF  TALLUSHATCHES.       [Book  IV 

On  tlic  28  October,  Colonel  jDi/er  returned  from  the  capture  of  a  towTi 
called  Littafutchu,  on  tlie  head  of  Canoe  Creek,  which  empties  into  the  Coo 
from  the  west.     His  force  consisted  of  200  cavalry,  and  tliey  brouglit  in  -iu 
prisoners,  chiefly  women  and  children. 

The  Indians  were  now  drawn  off  from  Ten  Islands,  and  had  taken  post  ,( 
Talhishatches,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Coosa.  Coffee  was  initnediatulv 
despatched  with  900  men  to  attack  them.  This  he  <lid  on  the  3  November 
sun  about  an  hour  liigh  in  the  morning.  A  number  of  men  in  advance  ui'tlie 
main  body,  sent  Ibrvvard  for  the  purpose,  drew  out  the  warriors  from  tlnir 
cabins,  who  made  a  fierce  attack  upon  them.  The  Americans  gave  \vu\  hy  jn||. 
ing  back  upon  the  main  body,  agreeably  to  their  preconcerted  plan,  \vhi<|j  i|J 
the  good  effect  of  bringing  the  Indians  ct  once  into  their  power,  lluvini;  lircl 
upon  them,  they  made  a  successful  charge,  and  soon  obliged  them  to  shelter 
themselves  in  their  wigwams.  Colonel  Coffee  says,  "The  enemy  retreuted 
firing,  until  they  got  around,  and  in  their  buildings,  where  they  made  all  the 
resistance  that  an  overpowered  soldier  could  do — they  fought  as  long  as  one 
existed,  but  their  destruction  was  very  soon  completed.  Our  men  ruslied  iin 
to  the  doors  of  the  houses,  and  in  a  few  minutes  killed  the  last  wurrior  of 
them.  The  enemy  fought  with  savage  fury,  and  met  death  with  all  its  lionors 
witiiout  shrinking  or  complaining — not  one  asked  to  be  spared,  but  fought  pj 
long  as  they  could  stand  or  sit.  In  consequence  of  their  flying  to  tlieir  liouses 
and  mixing  with  the  families,  our  men,  in  killing  the  males,  without  intuntiuii 
killed  and  wounded  a  fevf  of  the  squaws  and  children."  In  this  sanguinary 
affair,  18G  Indians  were  killed;  and  the  commander  thought,  that  tliere  were 
enough  others  killed  in  the  woods,  which  they  could  not  find,  to  make  up  iu 
all  200.  This  calculation,  he  observed,  he  thought  a  reasonable  am.  Tliev 
took  captive  84  women  and  children,  and  "not  one  of  the  warriors  escaped 
to  carry  the  news ;  a  circumstance  unknown  heretofore  ! "  The  whites  imd 
5  killed  and  41  wounded  ;  "none  mortally,  the  greater  part  slightly,  a  number 
with  arrows  :  this  a|)pears  to  form  a  very  principal  part  of  the  enemy's  uriiw 
for  warfare ;  every  man  having  a  bow  with  a  bundle  of  arrows,  vvliicli  is  used 
afl;er  the  first  fire  with  the  gun,  until  a  leisure  time  for  loading  offers." 

The  destruction  at  Tallushatches  was  rendered  the  more  complete  by  tlieir 
being  entirely  surrounded  on  every  side  by  the  troops.  Some  have  said  that 
even  the  women  imited  with  the  warriors,  and  contended  in  the  batth;  with 
fearless  bravery.  This  may  account  for  many  that  were  killed ;  but  Genera! 
Coffee  does  not  mention  it. 

Meanwhile  General  fVhiie  had  been  detached  to  Turkeytown,  for  the  relief 
of  Path-killer^  and  he  was  now  ordered  to  join  the  main  army,  with  as  imich 
expedition  as  he  was  able.  This  request  was  transmitted  on  the  4,  and 
renewed  on  the  7  November,  1813  ;  and  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  an 
Indian  brought  news  to  the  general,  that  Talladega  was  besieged  by  a  ijrcal 
body  of  the  enemy,  and  would  certainly  be  destroyed,  unless  iinmediateiy 
relieved.  Talladega  was  a  fbrt  occupied  by  friendly  Creeks,  about  30  miles 
below  Ten  Islands. 

Without  loss  of  time.  General  Jackson  marched  to  relieve  Tallad(!ga.  His 
operations  were  conducted  with  such  promptitude,  that  by  midnight  tollowinj: 
the  same  day,  he  was  within  six  miles  of  his  enemy.  Here  he  eMcanipcd 
until  about  daylight.  Then  moving  on,  at  sunrise  he  came  within  iialf  c  mile 
of  the  Indian  encampment,  which  was  only  about  80  rods  from  Fort  Talla- 
dega. The  general,  having  formed  his  line  of  battle  like  tlie  Spanish  Armada, 
moved  on  to  the  attack.  The  Indians  were  not  taken  by  surprise,  but  nislicd 
upon  their  adversaries  with  such  impetuosity  that  they  rrcde  cousiderable 
impression  in  one  part  of  the  line ;  insomuch,  that  a  considerable  body  of 
militia  gave  way.  Tlnnr  places  being  iminediately  supplied  by  the  mounted 
men,  the  Indians  fought  but  a  short  time,  before  they  were  obliged  to  fly  for 
the  mountains,  alK)ut  three  miles  distant.  In  their  flight  they  were  hard  pressed 
by  the  right  wing  of  the  Americans,  and  great  niunbers  were  cut  down.  In 
the  whole  affair,  299  were  killed,  that  were  found,  of  the  Indians ;  and  the 
whites  lost  15  in  killed,  and  85  were  wounded,  several  of  whom  afteiwurds 
died.  Over  1080  Indians  were  said  to  have  been  engaged,  and  some  of  them 
afterwards  said  their  loss  at  the  battle  of  Talladega  was  600. 


W: 


lES.       [Book  IV. 


tovvii,  for  the  relief 
irniy,  with  as  imiiii 


CHiP.  VII.1 


BATTLE  OF  AUTOSSEE 


57 


It  was  expected  that  n  supply  of  provisions  would  arrive  at  Camp  Sti  .ther, 
jtTen  Islands,  before  the  army  kIiouUI  return  tln^re ;  but  on  its  arrival,  a  total 
failure  was  experienced  by  the  hnngry  soldiers;  even  v.liat  had  b(!cn  Ml 
beliiiid  of  the  general's  private  stores  had  been  distributed — it  was  a  nulim- 
rlioly  time,  indeed,  and  reminds  us  of  the  sufferings  of  captives  in  the  old 
liiilian  wars,  who  were  obliged  to  subsist  upon  berries  and  roots.  It  was 
Jiiriiig  this  campaign  that  a  circumstance  occurred  which  has  been  varit)usly 
(elated ;  and,  as  it  is  an  excellent  anecdote,  we  will  lay  it  before  our  readere. 

One  morning,  a  soldier,  with  a  doleful  countenance,  approached  Gencn-al 
kckson,  and  told  him  he  was  almost  famished,  and  knew  not  what  to  do.  The 
jciicral  was  seated  at  the  foot  of  a  tree,  and  was  observed  by  the  poor  half- 
sianed  soldier  to  be  eating  somethii;-:.  This  no  doubt  caused  him  to  make 
liis  complaint,  thinking  it  a  favorable  time  to  have  his  wants  relieved.  The 
jciieral  observed,  that  it  was  never  his  custom  to  turn  away  a  hungry  person, 
^vheii  lie  had  it  in  his  power  to  relieve  him  ;  then,  jHitting  his  hand  into  his 
poiket,  took  out  a  handful  of  acorns,  and,  offering  them  to  his  astonished 
iiKSt,  observed,  that  such  was  his  fare,  and  all  he  had,  but  to  that  he  was 
welcome.  The  soldier  went  away  contented,  and  told  Ins  companions  they 
ought  no  more  to  complain,  so  long  as  their  general  was  obliged  to  subsist 
ii|)Oii  nothing  but  acorns.  Out  of  this  grew  the  story,  that  the  general  having 
inviied  his  officers  to  dine  with  him,  set  nothing  before  them  but  a  tray  of 
acorns  and  some  water. 

Meanwhile  mutiny  after  mutiny  took  place  in  General  Jackson's  army,  and 
tlie  campaign  came  near  being  abandoned.  A  circumstance,  too,  occurred 
about  this  time,  ever  to  be  lamented.  Greneral  Cocke,  of  East  Tennessee, 
considering  himself  possessed  of  a  command  independent  of  Jackson,  gave 
his  orders  to  some  brigadiers,  at  the  same  time  that  General  Jackson  did. 
General  White  chose  to  act  under  General  Cockers  orders,  and  this  occasioned 
some  confusion,  and,  in  the  end,  the  lamentable  affair  to  which  we  have  just 
alluded,  and  of  which  we  now  proceed  to  give  en  account. 

The  Hallibee  Indians,  who  had  been  the  principal  sufferers  at  Talladega, 
had  despatched  ambassadors  for  General  Jackson's  camj),  to  sue  for  peace, 
ffliidi  they  would  accept  on  any  terms  he  might  please  to  grant  thetji.  At 
the  same  time  these  proposals  were  out.  General  White  marched  against  their 
lowus,  and  on  the  18  November  completely  surprised  them  ;  killed  GO  war- 
riors, took  256  prisoners,  and  made  good  his  retreat  without  the  loss  of  a 
man. 

The  Indians  thought  they  had  been  attacked  by  General  Jackson^s  army, 
and  that  therefore  they  were  now  to  expect  nothing  but  extermination  ;  and 
lliis  was  thought  to  be  the  reason  why  they  fought  with  such  desperation 
afterwards.  And  truly  they  hau  reason  for  their  fears :  they  knew  none  but 
iubon,  and  supposed  now  that  nothing  short  of  their  total  destruction  would 
satisfy  him,  as  their  conduct  exemplified  on  every  occasion.  They  knew 
they  had  asked  peace  on  any  terms,  and  their  immediate  answer  was  the 
sword  and  bayonet.    A  company  of  Cherokees  aided  not  a  little  in  this  affair. 

We  have  given  the  chief  features  of  the  battle  of  Autossce,  when  drawing 
a  sketch  of  the  life  of  M'Intosh.  Here  may  be  added  some  other  matters  of 
history,  for  the  better  understanding  the  events  of  the  memorable  Creek  war. 

Autossee  is  situated  on  the  south  bank  of  the  Tallapoosie,  18  miles  from  the 
Hickory  Ground,  and  20  abo\e  the  junction  of  that  river  with  the  Coosa. 
With  General  Floyd's  white  troo})s  were  four  companies  of  friendly  Indians. 
.^nntosh  led  the  Cowetaus,  and  Mad-do^s-son  the  Tookaubatchians,  or  Tuka- 
latcliies.  The  names  of  the  other  leaders  are  not  set  down,  but  there  were 
douhtless  several  of  them,  as  there  were  about  350  warriors  who  accomjianied 
tilt  expedition.  That  cure  Avork  was  intended,  will  not  be  doubted,  when  it 
is  known  that  the  force,  exclusive  of  Indians,  was  950  men.  When  the  army 
arrived  near  the  place  wi'ere  it  was  expected  Indians  would  be  found,  luid 
having  discovered  one  small  town  before  it  was  light  in  the  morning,  the 
senernl  was  surprised  immediately  after  by  the  discovery  of  another.  This 
Mils  filled  with  nien  who  had  been  apprized  of  his  approacli,  and  were  pre- 
iwrcd  for  battle.  The  order  of  battle  was  immediately  changed,  and  the  army 
proceeded  in  two  division?  to  attack  both  towns  at  once.    The  bi-t-iegers, 


\   r' 


58 


BATTLE  OF  THE  HOLY  GROUND. 


[Book  IV. 


all  till 


being  provided  with  artillery,  soon  accom[)lishcd  their  work,  and  „„ 
resistance  the  Indians  seem  to  have  niado,  was  in  endeavoring  to  ctlipt' 
retreat  into  caves  and  other  hiding-places.     Nevertlieless,  the  GcDr'i-'ian.s  li.  1 


IU(| 


11  killed  outright,  and  54  wounded.     Among  the  latter  was  General 
himself  severely,  and  Adjutant-General  JVeioman  slightly. 

Mcintosh  and  Mad-doss-soii'a  loss  was  considerahle,  but  was  not  tlioinrlit  f,f 
importance  enough  to  Le  communicated  by  their  allies,  who  were  iinailv 
indebted  to  them,  if,  indeed,  destroying  their  own  countrymen  made  tiii'in  so 
They  did  not,  however,  do  so  much  butchering  as  they  intended,  or,  rathci-  as 
they  agreed  to  do  ;  for  the  day  before  the  massacre,  they  agreed  to  post  them. 
selves  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  to  kill  all  who  should  utteinpt  aii 
escape.    Had  they  done  this,  very  few  would  have  escaped. 

Alter  resting  a  few  days.  General  Floyd  n)arched  to  Camp  Defianep  50 
miles  directly  into  the  Indian  country,  and  westward  of  Aulosseo.  Ilcic, cailv 
in  the  morning  of  2  January,  the  hostile  Indians  killed  his  sentinels  hofoic  tln'v 
were  discovered,  and  then  v.ith  great  furj  attacked  his  camp,  and  for  a  (iiianir 
of  an  hour  continued  to  fight  with  bravery.  By  this  time  the  army  had  "ot 
formed  in  order  of  battle,  and  soon  obliged  t'-e  Indians  to  fly.  One  coiiinanv 
of  whites,  under  Captain  Broadnax,  had  its  r<  eat  cut  oft"  by  the  assuilaiit,s  anil 
escaped  only  by  cutting  its  way  through  thei;.. 

In  this  fight,  TiMPOocHiE-BARNUEL,  or  Barnard,  a  half-breed,  cliief  of  tlie 
Uchies,  commanded  a  company  of  them,  and,  in  the  language  of  the  freueral 
"greatly  distinguished  himself."  It  was  owing  to  his  promptness,  that  Cup- 
tain  Broadnax  was  enabled  to  effect  a  retreat.  The  enemy,  in  that  niaiKjciivre 
had  advanced  within  50  yards  of  the  artillery.  All  the  other  part  of  the  Indian 
army  took  shelter  within  the  lines,  and  looked  on  during  the  contest. 

After  this  Imttle,  37  Indians  were  found  dead  on  the  field,  as  the  whites 
reported ;  and  of  their  own  number  17  were  killed,  and  130  wounded.  At  the 
first  onset.  General  M:ivman  had  three  balls  shot  into  him,  which  prevented 
his  further  sei-vice  ;  and  several  of  the  principal  oflScers  had  tl>eir  horses  siiot 
under  them.  How  the  Indians  under  Timpoochie  fared  in  these  particulars 
we  have  not  yet  learned. 

fVeatherford,  Francis,  Sinquisturs-son,  with  some  Shawanese,  had  estahlished 
themselves  on  the  Alabama,  above  the  mouth  of  the  Cahaba,  and  there  huilt  a 
town,  which  they  called  Eckanakaka.  Its  name  signified  that  it  was  built 
upon  holy  ground ;  and  hence  the  prophets  told  their  followere  that  they  had 
nothing  to  fear,  as  no  polluted  and  murderous  whites  could  ever  enter  there, 
However,  General  Claiborne,  at  the  head  of  a  small  army,  accompanied  !)y  a 
baud  of  Choktaws  under  Pushamata,  their  chief,  resolved  to  make  a  uial  of  the 
virtue  of  the  Indian  prophets'  pretensions. 

fVeatherford  and  his  foUowere,  being  apprized  of  the  approach  of  tlie  army, 
had  put  themselves  into  an  attitude  of  defence.  On  23  December,  1813,  as 
the  army  approached,  they  were  met  by  the  Indians,  and  a  short  engagement 
followed.  As  usual,  the  Indians  gave  way,  and  were  pureued ;  but  as  their 
town  was  surrounded  by  fastnesses,  few  were  killed  in  the  [)ursuit.  Thirty 
were  found  dead  of  the  enemy  Indians,  and  of  the  army,  two  or  three  were 
killed,  and  as  many  wounded.  This  was  quite  an  Indian  depot,  the  raptors 
having  found  here  "a  large  quantity  of  jirovisions,  and  immense  jiropertyof 
various  kinds."  It  was  ail  destroyed  with  the  town,  which  consisted  of  200 
houses:  the  women  and  children  had  only  time  to  escayjc  across  tlie  Alabama. 
The  next  day,  another  town  was  destroyed,  eight  miles  above,  consisting  of  liO 
houses.  We  will  now  proceed  with  General  Jackson,  until  he  puts  au  end  to 
the  Creek  war. 

On  the  17  January,  1814,  General  Jackson  marched,  at  the  head  of  930  men, 
from  near  Foil  Strother,  for  the  heai't  of  the  enemy's  country.  In  h\»  route 
lay  Talladega,  the  residence  of  Fife,  a  noted  warrior,  and  friend  of  the  whites; 
and  here  he  joined  the  army  with  200  of  his  men.  The  Indians  were  sup- 
posed to  be  assembled  in  great  numbers,  at  the  Great  Bend  of  the  Tallapoosie, 
from  14  or  15  of  their  towns  upon  that  river  ;  and  it  was  daily  exported  that 
they  Avould  attack  Fort  Armstrong,  in  their  vicinity,  which  was  in  no  state  to 
meet  thein.  It  was  the  news  of  its  situation,  that  caused  Jackson  to  inarch  to 
its  immediate  reliefl    When  he  had  arrived  at  Hallibee  Creek,  the  general, 


[Book  IV. 

work,  and  all  tlie 
cavoring  to  (■ffi  ct  a 
■1,  tlic  Gi't)r<ii(iiis  had 

wua  General  Ftoijd 

t  was  not  tliouftlit  of 
!,  who  Avere  {in'utly 
fnicn  made  tliem  so. 
itended,  or,  rutlu  r,  as 
agreed  to  jjost  tliein- 
lo  should  atteiiipiau 
id. 

Camp  Defioiico,  30 
Liitossoo.  Here,  early 
i  senluiels  hcforc  tlicv 
ill ip, and  lor  a(|nnnir 
lie  the  army  luul  i;ot 
o  fly.  One  CDiiipaiiy 
;'  by  tlie  assailants,  anil 

ilf-breed,  chief  of  ilie 
igiiage  of  the  geueral, 
[)romptness,  that  Cap- 
riy,  in  lliat  niaiioeiivre, 
ther  part  of  the  hdian 
5  the  contest, 
he  field,  as  the  whites 
130  wounded.  At  the 
him,  which  prevented 
■s  had  their  horses  shot 
ed  in  these  particulars, 

vanese,  had  estahlished 
haba,  and  there  built  a 
ified  that  it  was  hiiilt 
foUowere  that  they  had 
ould  ever  enter  tliere. 
my,  accoinpiuiied  by  a 
d  to  make  atiialofthe 

approach  of  die  army, 
:3  December,  1813,  as 
nd  a  short  engagenieiit 
pursued ;  but  as  their 
n  the  pursuit.    Thirty 
ly,  two  or  three  were 
ian  depot,  the  captors 
immense  property  of 
■which  consisted  of  200 
»e  across  the  Alabama. 
above,  consisting  of  60 
until  he  puts  an  end  to 

at  the  head  of  930  men, 

country.    In  his  mute 
;d  friend  of  the  whites; 

Jhe  Indians  were  sup- 
icndoftheTaliapoosie, 

was  daily  expected  tliiU 
vhich  was  in  no  state  to 
sed  Jackson  to  inarch  to 
bee  Creek,  the  general, 


CBir.  VII.] 


BATTLE  OF  EMUKFAU. 


59 


fiom  the  accounts  of  bis  spien,  supposed  he  must  be  in  the  immediate  vicinity 
of  the  enemy,  and  he  soon  after  encampwd  at  a  small  Ilallibee  village,  called 
Eiiotocliopko.  Here  he  discovered  that  he  was  12  miles  from  the  enemy, 
fllio  were  upon  an  island  in  the  Tallapoosio,  near  the  mouth  of  a  creek  called 
Eniiikfa"'  The  next  day  the  army  encamped  very  near  Emukfaii,  and  had 
everv  sig»  of  being  hard  by  the  advei-se  Indians.  The  order  of  encampment 
OT;  that  of  battle,  and  eveiy  precaution  was  taken  to  guard  against  surprise. 
\liout6  in  the  morning  of  the  22d,  the  warriors  from  Lmukfau  fell  with  great 
•orre  upon  Jackson's  left  flank,  and  the  left  of  liis  rear ;  and  although  the 
jid  ,  was  made  in  full  confidence  that  they  should  rout  their  adversaries,  yet 
thfv  Mcre  disappointed,  and  no  ground  was  gained  by  the  onset.  The  assail- 
ants fought  with  a  determined  bravery,  and  it  was  near  half  an  hour  before 
thev  coiild  be  made  to  retire.  The  Americans,  having  encamped  in  a  hollow 
square,  met  the  attack  at  advantage,  but  it  was  only  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet, 
that  the  Indians  were  put  to  flight.  Fife,  at  the  head  of  his  wan-iors,  joined  in 
the  pursuit,  which  continued  about  two  miles,  with  considerable  havoc. 

Matters  did  not  end  here  ;  for,  in  a  short  time,  the  Indians  returned  again  to 
the  attack,  and  with  greater  success  than  before.  They  attacked  a  picket  at 
advantage,  at  a  small  distance  from  the  main  body,  and  General  Coffee,  in  his 
luni,  attacked  the  left  flank  of  the  attacking  party.  As  his  number  of  men  was 
gniall,  he  soon  found  himself  in  imminent  danger  of  being  entirely  cut  off". 
General  Jackson,  seeing  this,  ordered  Fife  to  advance  to  his  rescue,  which  he 
did  with  the  utmost  promptitude.  This  attack  of  the  enemy  was  upon  the 
risht  flank,  and  was,  as  it  turned  out.  only  a  feint  to  weaken  the  left  by  draw- 
in"  the  force  from ''^^t  quarter  to  its  support;  but  the  general  was  not  to  be 
outwitted  by  such  a  ,imna)uvre.  Ha  kept  the  left  flank  firm,  and  the  alarm 
Bin  soon  iB^ave  notice,  that  that  part  was  assailed.  The  general  here  met  the 
enemy  in  person,  seconded  by  Colonel  Carroll,  who  ordered  the  charge,  and 
led  on  the  pursuers.  The  friendly  Indians  were  successful  at  this  time  also, 
slaying  many  of  their  countrymen  as  they  fled. 

Meanwhile  General  Coffee  had  got  deeper  into  difficulty,  and  was  contend- 
ing at  fearful  odds  with  a  brave  band  of  warriors,  and  was  again  relieved  by 
die  Indians  under  Captain  Fife.  This,  Fife  was  enabled  to  do,  only  by  charg- 
ing them  with  the  bayonet.  The  enemy  seemed  determined  to  wrest  their 
foiintry  from  the  invaders,  and  retired  slowly,  at  firet,  as  men  driven  from 
their  country  will  always  do.  Fife  and  his  comrades  pursued  them  about 
three  miles,  killing  45  of  them,  which  they  found  aftei-wards.  The  reason  of 
fo/ee's  great  peril,  was  this,  Fife  having  been  ordered  to  his  rescue  before  the 
jttack  on  the  left  was  made  the  second  time  ;  and  now,  hearing  the  firing  in 
that  direction,  supposed  his  aid  was  morc  needed  in  that  quarter;  and  thus 
Cojte  was  left  without  support.  He  was  severely  wounded,  and  his  aid-de- 
camp, Colonel  A.  Donaldson,  and  three  others,  were  slain. 

General  Jackson,  not  having  provisions  for  a  longer  stay,  and  being  con- 
siderably crippled,  began  a  retreat  to  Fort  Strother.  The  most  memorable 
part  of  this  expedition  is  yet  to  Ix;  related.  The  Indians  now  supposed  the 
Americans  were  beaten,  or  they  would  not  retreat.  They  therefoi-R  resolved 
to  pursue  and  harass  them.  Jackson  expected  this,  and  marched,  in  order  of 
battle,  through  one  dangerous  defile  after  another.  At  length,  on  the  morning 
of  the  24,  after  having  nearly  passed  one  of  the  most  dangerous  places,  at 
Enotocliopko  Creek,  his  rear  was  attacked  in  a  spirited  manner  ;  and  although 
it  was  not  at  all  imexpected,  yet  the  columns  gave  way,  and  a  good  deal  of 
cniifiision  and  slaughter  ensued.  At  length,  a  six-pounder  was,  with  great 
ditlicnity,  dragged  up  a  small  eminence  which  commanded  the  battle-ground, 
and  being  charged  with  gi*ape-shot,  did  great  execution,  and  was  a  principal 
means  of  jnitting  the  enemy  to  flight. 

The  getting  the  cannon  up  the  hill  was  done  at  the  greatest  peril ;  the  men 
wlio  undertook  it  being  sure  marks  for  the  enemy,  having  nothing  to  screen 
them  in  the  least.  By  the  time  they  had  discharged  it  once,  Lieutenant  ./?rm- 
»(ra)io".  Captain  Hamilton,  of  East  Tennessee,  Captains  BralfordimA  AVGitrnck, 
had  all  fallen.  Bradford  exclaimed,  as  he  lay,  "  My  brave  fellows,  some  of  i/oii 
ma}ifall,  bid  you  must  save  the  cannon.'" 

Tbe  army  having,  meantime,  recovered  from  their  panic,  attacked  in  their 


> 


''■''■■''  i'[ pi; ^':-' 
-■■  I'  ■'■■  itJtJi.ni,', 


60 


DEATH  OF  MONOHOE  THE  PROPHET. 


[Book  IV. 


1(1  tlio  Indians  were  every  where  put  to  flight,  and  pursued  lUwut  tw 
The  Indians'  loss  in  this  hattic  was  189,  tiiat  were  found.    Tiie  Ainr" 
ad,  in  botli  days'  lights,  24  killed,  and  71  wounded.    It  wits  ovidcni 


turn,  and 

miles. 

leans  had, 

now,  that  the  Indians  were  satisfied  that  they  were  not  victoi-s,  for  in  tin.;, 

fliglit  they  threw  away  tlu^ir  \mcks  and  arms  in  abundance,  and  the  artiiy  met 

with  no  further  molestation  during  their  return  march. 

We  liave  now  arrived  to  the  termination  of  the  Creek  war.  It  ended  in  the 
battle  of  the  Great  Bend  of  the  Tallapoosie,  as  we  have  related  in  the  JiC,.  „f 
M'Intosh.  This  l)en(l,  usually  called  the  Horse-Shoe,  l)y  the  whites  was 
called  by  the  Indians  Tohopeka,  which,  in  their  language,  it  is  said,  signifn-ij 
Jiorse-shoe  :  therefore  the  battle  of  Tohojwka,  the  Great  Bend,  and  the  Horse- 
Shoe,  are  one  and  the  same. 

Notliing  could  be  more  disastrous  to  the  deluded  Creeks  than  this  Imtilp 
The  loss  of  their  great  ])rophet8  was,  however,  the  least.  Three  of  them  and 
the  last  upon  the  Tallapoosie,  fell  among  those  whom  they  had  made  helirve 
that  no  wounds  could  be  inflicted  upon  them  by  the  whites ;  and  iiicredihle 
as  it  may  seem,  that  although  they  had  witnessed  a  total  failure  of  all  tlieir 
prophecies  hitherto,  such  was  the  influence  those  miserable  impostors  held 
over  the  minds  of  the  warriors,  that  they  still  believed  in  their  sootiisavini^ 
and  that  their  incantations  would  at  last  save  them,  and  that  they  should  tinaliy 
root  out  the  whites  and  possess  their  country.  Such  are  the  errors  of  delu- 
sions  in  all  ages — it  is  visible  in  all  history,  and  will  continue  to  be  so  until  a 
knowledge  of  tlie  nature  of  things  shall  diffuse  itself,  and  the  relation  ol'  cause 
and  eftect  be  more  extensively  known. 

MoNOHOE  was  one,  and  we  believe  the  son  of  Sinquistur  was  another,  wjio 
fell  in  the  great  battle  of  Tohopeka.  In  one  of  his  accounts  of  the  battle 
General  Jackson  observes :  "  Among  the  dead  was  found  their  famous  |)ropliet, 
Monohooe,  shot  in  the  mouth  by  a  grape  shot,  as  if  Heaven  designed  to  chastise 
his  impostures  by  an  appropriate  punishment."  The  monner  in  which  he  was 
killed,  required  but  little  aid  from  the  whites  to  satisfy  the  Indians  that  he  was 
a  false  prophet,  and  it  was  soon  generally  believed  among  them. 

These  prophets  were  decorated,  says  Colonel  Eaton,  "  in  the  most  fantastic 
manner — the  plumage  of  various  birds  about  their  heads  and  shoulders;  with 
savage  grimaces,  and  hon'id  contortions  of  the  body,  they  danced  and  howled 
their  cantations."  Monohoe,  in  the  very  act  of  divination,  muttering  to  tlie 
sun,  with  eyes  almost  strained  from  their  sockets,  and  his  limbs  distorted  in 
every  possible  unnatural  direction,  received  his  death  wound.  The  faith  of 
the  warriors  in  such  abominable  fooleries  must  now  have  been  shaken;  hul 
the  Ilallibee  massacre  was  alone  suflicient  to  account  for  their  desperation— as 
we  have  seen,  their  most  submissive  offera  of  peace  had  been  met  by  the 
sword — all  confidence  therefore  in  the  humanity  and  integrity  of  the  wiiites, 
had,  in  their  minds,  been  foi-feited.  From  every  appearance  it  was  evident 
that  they  had  determined  to  conquer  at  Tohopeka,  or  never  to  survive  a  defeat; 
for  they  did  not,  as  on  former  occasions,,  send  away  their  women  and  children: 
about  300  of  these  were  taken. 

Whether  the  famous  prophet  Ilillishago,  or  Francis,  were  in  this  battle,  is 
not  known.  On  18  April,  1814,  General  Jackson  wrote  from  his  camp,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosie,  saying,  "  Peter  ^Quin  has  been  taken, 
but  escaped  ;  he  must  be  taken  again.  HUlishagee,  their  great  prophet,  has 
also  absconded  ;  but  he  will  be  fbtmd."  In  this,  however,  as  will  be  seen, 
the  general  was  no  prophet ;  for  Francis  and  McQueen  were  both  alive  in  181*. 

The  friendly  Indians  rendered  the  Americans  most  efficient  aid  in  this 
battle,  and  their  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  was  greater  in  proj)ortion  to  tlieir 
numbei-s  than  that  of  the  whites.  In  all  2.3  were  killed,  and  many  more  were 
wounded. 

It  was  supposed  by  General  Floyd,  that  in  the  battle  of  Autossce  he  had 
killed  the  famous  prophet  and  king  of  Tallassee,  but  it  turned  out  not  to  be  so, 
for  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans  aftei-wards.  He  was  supposed  to 
be  a  hundred  yeara  old,  his  head  being  entirely  white,  and  bowed  almost  to 
the  grotmd.  His  name,  we  bplii;ve,  was  Eneah-lhlukkoliopoiec.  He  wns  taken 
about  the  time  of  JVeatlierford's  surrender ;  and  but  for  the  protection  afforded 
him  by  the  whites,  their  friends,  the  Creeks,  would  have  put  him  to 


CHir.vn.] 


COLBERT.— PIAMINGO. 


61 


\jithout  mercy  But  Weatherford  had  nottiing  to  fear  from  them :  they  care- 
fully avoided  meeting,  and  when  any  by  accident  or  necessity  came  into  his 
presence,  they  were  observed  to  tremble  with  fear.  Such  is  the  difference  in 
the  carriage  and  aspect  of  men. 

We  will  close  the  present  chapter  by  detailing  some  particulars  in  the  lives 
ofiicveral  distinguished  chiefs. 
It  was  very  seldom  that  the  names  of  any  chiefs  appeared  in  the  accounts 
of  tlie  lute  war,  but  they  were  many,  especially  in  the  south,  and  deserved  as 
much  notice,  and  often  more  than  many  that  did  receive  it.  When  the  war 
pas  over,  some  of  them  occasionally  visited  Washington,  and  the  novelty  of 
their  appearance  sometitnes  caused  them  to  receive  such  notices  as  follows : 
«Oii  the  8th  ultimo,  [Feb.  1816,]  arrived  Col,  Return  J.  Meigs,  the  agent  of 
the  U.  States  in  the  Cherokee  nation,  with  a  deputation  from  the  nation,  con- 
Hstiiig  of  Col.  Lotvry,  Maj.  Walker,  Maj.  Rvlge,  Capt.  Taylor,  Adjt.  Ross,  and 
A'unnejee.  These  Indians  are  men  of  cultivated  understandings,  were  nearly 
all  officers  of  the  Cherokee  forces  which  served  under  General  yacAaon  during 
the  late  war,  and  have  distinguished  tliemselves  as  well  by  their  bravery  as  by 
their  attachment  to  the  U.  States." 
In  June  following,  another  deputation  visited  the  capital  of  the  United 
States,  of  whom  it  was  said,  thwT  appearance  was  such  as  entitled  them  to 
llie  highest  respect.  The  delf^ates  were  from  the  Chickasaws,  and  consisted 
ofGeiierul  William  Colbert-  the  great  war  chief  of  that  nation.  Major  James 
Cottiirf,  interjireter ;  Etti'Sue ;  Mingo,  the  great  warrior ;  Jipjpasantvbhee,  a 
chief;  Chastauny  and  CoUeetchee,  warriors.  Most  of  these  (ought  for  the 
whites  in  the  south.  «-reneral  Colbert  was  now  aged,  having  fougnt  with  the 
Americans  in  St.  Ciair^s  army,  with  seven  others  of  his  countrymen  ;  one  of 
whose  names  was  Piomingo,  or  the  Mountain-lader,  of  whom  we  shall  pres- 
ently speak. 
In  tlie  late  war,  wJule  his  men  were  preparing  to  join  the  Americans,  Col- 
W,  impatient  to  be  unemployed,  joined  the  third  regiment  of  the  United 
Swes  infantP".  When  he  had  served  with  them  nine  months,  he  returned 
tohisuatiop,  collected  his  warriors,  and  marched  to  Fort  Montgomery  on  the 
Alabama,  'rom  thence  against  Pensacola,  crossed  the  Esanibia,  and  pursued 
theli(wt'ie  Creeks  almost  to  Apalachicola,  killing  many  of  them,  and  retum- 
inj  to  Fort  Montgomery  with  85  prisoners.  He  and  his  comrades  were  now 
jl  Wnsliington,  to  obtain  a  settlement  of  the  boundaries  of  their  country. 
Aoionlii'gly  commissioners  were  sent  into  their  country,  and  on  the  20  Sep- 
;enil)er  following,  [181(5,]  a  treaty  was  entered  into.  In  this  treaty  Colbert  is 
stvlevi  Major-General,  and  by  the  sixth  article  of  it  he  was  allowed  an  annuity 
oflOOdoilars  during  life.  His  name  is  not  to  the  treaty  of  Hopewell,  made 
lOJimuary,  1786,  but  that  of  Piomingo  is.  To  that  of  Chikasaw  Bluffs, 
2^  October,  1801,  instead  of  his  mark,  we  find  W.  C,  which  shows  that  he 
I  been  paying  some  attention  to  learning ;  but  in  subsequent  treaties  his 
•  mark  again  appeal's. 

From  the  circumstance  that  the  name  of  Piomingo  is  not  seen  to  any  of  the 
I  treaties  after  that  of  Colbert  appears,  induces  the  belief  that  he  is  the  same 
I  person,  and  that,  from  his  attachment  to  the  whites,  he  took  one  of  their 
I  names. 

Piomingo  is  thtis  mentioned  by  General  St.  Clair,  on  his  arrival  at  his 
huarters.  "Oct.  27.  Payamingo  an-ived  in  camp  with  his  wamors.  I  was 
[so unwell,  could  only  see  him  and  bid  him  n'elcome."  "Oct.  29.  Payamingo 
lanil  his  |)eople,  accompanied  by  Captain  Sparks,  and  four  good  riflemen, 
ping  on  a  scout;  they  do  not  propose  to  return  under  10  days."  We  have 
jnonecount  of  the  success  of  the  excursion,  but  they  did  not  join  the  army 
[isiin  until  iifter  the  defeat,  which  took  place  six  days  after.  As  they  were 
jproepodinjf  to  Fort  Jefforson,  one  of  the  enemy  mistook  them  for  his  com- 
Ipanions,  and  was  ca[)tured  before  he  discovered  his  mistake.  Piomingo 
Isceosted  him  with  harsh  language,  saying,  *^  Rascal,  you  have  been  killing  tokite 
mn!"  lie  then  ordered  two  of  his  men  to  extend  his  arms,  and  a  third  to 
Ithoot  him.  When  this  was  done,  and  his  scalp  taken,  they  proceeded  to  join 
llhe  army. 
We  learn  the  name  of  one  other  who  was  with  St.  Clair.  He  was  called 
6 


,      '  ••.'' .         -  .ST  J 


iMiim 


60 


MUSIIALATUBEE.— PUSHAMATA. 


[Bonir  IV, 


James  Anderson,  and  wus  brother  to  the  chief  John  Morris,  who,  23  j,,, 
1793,  was  murdered  not  ahove  (500  paces  from  Governor  BlounCs  hoiis*;  "' 
Knoxville.  He  wum  sliot  by  sbme  mikiiowii  persons.  The  j^ovenior  ordii-H 
him  to  l)e  buried  in  the  biirying-groiind  of  the  white  people,  with  iniliiarv 
honors.  A  procession  was  formed,  headed  by  himself,  and  he  was  interfo'i 
witli  great  res|)ect. 

In  17i);j,  the  Spaniards  of  Louisiana  made  large  offers  to  the  Cliiknwiw.s  to 
induce  them  to  ibrsake  the  Atncricans;  but  their  oflers  were  treated  wiii, 
contem|)t,  especially  by  Piomin^'o. 

MusHAi-ATUBEE  wus  a  ChiKasaw  chief,  with  whom  General  Lafuwii, 
became  acquainted  in  his  Inst  visit  to  this  country.  His  first  knowludi'e  of 
him,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  extracts  out  of  M.  Levnsatur^s  work 
"Lafayette  en  AMERiquE,"  &c.,  was  at  the  residence  of  the  "smrp  ,.r' 
Monticello."  "   "' 

Mushalatubee,  and  Pushamata,  u  Chocktaw  chief,  already  mentioned,  wore  at 
Washington  when  the  general  arrived  there,  in  December,  1824,  being  tliore 
at  the  meeting  of  congress,  according  to  custom,  with  many  other  cliipi; 
to  brighten  the  cJiain  of  friendship,  re«>eive  presents,  and  make  known  the 
wants  of  their  countrymen.  At  this  tim«  Mushalatuhee  made  the  followine 
agreeable  speech  to  General  Lafayette.  ' 

«'  You  are  one  of  our  fathers.  You  have  Sjught  by  the  side  of  tiie  grcnt 
Washington.  We  will  receive  here  your  hand  u,  that  of  a  friend  and  father 
We  have  always  walked  in  the  pure  feelings  of  feace,  and  it  is  this  feilinj 
which  has  caused  us  to  visit  you  here.  We  present  you  pure  hands— hmids 
tliat  have  never  been  stained  with  the  blood  of  Amt;ricans.  We  live  in  a 
country  far  from  this,  where  the  sun  darts  his  perpendicular  rays  upon  us. 
We  have  had  the  French,  the  Spaniards  and  the  English  for  neighbors-  but 
now  we  liave  only  the  Americans ;  in  the  midst  and  with  whom  we  live  as 
friends  and  brothers." 

Then  Pushamata,  the  first  of  their  chiefs,  began  a  speech  in  his  turn  and 
expressed  himself  in  these  words:  "There  has  passed  nearly  50  snows  since 
you  drew  the  sword  as  a  companion  of  Washington.  With  him  yon  Imve 
combated  the  enemies  of  America.  Thou  hast  generously  mingli^l  tliyijlood 
with  that  of  the  enemy,  and  hast  proved  thy  devotedness  to  the  cause  which 
thou  defendedst.  Alter  thou  hadst  finished  that  war,  thou  hadst  rei'irned 
into  thy  country,  and  now  thou  comest  to  revisit  that  land  where  tlioa  art 
honored  and  beloved  in  the  remembrance  of  a  numerous  and  powerful  |:eo- 
pie.  Thou  seest  every  where  the  children  of  those  for  whom  tlioj  hast 
defended  liberty,  crowd  around  thee,  and  jjress  thy  hands  with  filial  aft'ettion, 
We  have  heard  related  all  these  things  in  the  depths  of  the  distant  forests, 
£md  our  hearts  have  been  ravished  with  n  desire  to  behold  thee.  We  >n 
come,  we  have  pressed  thy  hand,  and  we  are  satisfied.  This  is  the  first  tine 
that  we  have  seen  thee,*  and  it  will  probably  be  the  last.  We  have  iiomortj 
to  add.     The  earth  will  part  us  forever." 

"  In  pronouncing  these  last  words,  the  old  Indian  had  in  his  manner  and  j 
voice  something  very  solenm.  He  seemed  agitated  by  some  sad  presenti- 
ments. We  l)eard  of  his  death  a  few  days  after;  he  was  taken  sick,  and 
died  before  he  could  set  out  to  return  to  his  own  people.  When  satisticdl 
that  liis  end  was  approaching,  he  caused  all  his  companions  to  be  assenihlrdJ 
and  he  desired  them  to  raise  him  up,  and  to  put  upon  him  all  his  ornuiiieiits,] 
and  bring  to  him  his  arms,  that  his  death  should  be  that  of  a  man's.  Hel 
manifested  a  desire  that  at  his  interment  the  Americans  would  do  liimmili-[ 
tary  honors,  and  that  they  would  discharge  cannon  over  his  grave.  Tiieyj 
promised  him  that  it  should  be  done ;  he  tlien  talked  freely  with  his  friendi,! 
and  expired  without  a  groan  in  the  midst  of  conversation."  His  monunientl 
occupies  a  jjlace  among  the  great  men  in  the  cemetery  at  Washington.  l'iioii| 
one  side  is  this  inscription : — 

"  They  might  not  have  been  inlroduced  to  the  general  when  he  saw  them  at  Mr.  Jffferson'ik 
M.  Levasseur  says,  in  speaking  of  the  Indian  deputation,  "  A  lew  iete  Haient  deux  'cliff:  m 
nous  r.vions  voua  s'asseoir  nnjour  a  la  table  de  M.  .lefferson,  pendaid  notre  s^jour  A  MoiUictm 
Jel:s  rt-onnus  h  Leurs  oreilles  decouples  en  tongues  laniires,  gamies  de  tongues  kmai 
plottb," 


the  CliiknKnwrt,  to 
/ere  treated  wiih 


C„i,.  VII.]  DEATH  OF  PUSHAMATA.— EPITAPH.  G3 

"PtJSH-MA-TAIIA,  A  ClIOCTAW  CHIRP,  LIES  HERE.  ThIS  MONUMENT  TO  HIS 
!IE«ORV  IS  ERECTED  BY  HIS  DKOTHER  CliIEF»,  WHO  WERE  ASSOCIATKI*  WITH 
gIM  IN  A  DELEOATIOJJ  KROM  THEIR  NATION  IN  THE  YEAR  1824,  TO  THE  GENERAL 
aOVER.NMENT  OF  THE  UnITED  StaTES." 

And  on  the  other : 

"PUSH-MA-TAHA  WAS  A  WARRIOR  OF  GREAT  DISTINCTION.  He  WAS  WISE 
I^COl'NCIL,  ELOQUENT  IN  AN  EXTRAORDINARY  DEUREK  ;  AND  ON  ALL  OCCA- 
SIONS, AND  UNDER  ALL  CIRCUMSTANCES,  THE  WHITE  MAN's  FRIEND.  He  DIED 
I>  WaSHI.VOTON,  ON  THE  24tH  OF  DECEMBER,  1824,  OF  THE  CRAMP,  IN  THE 
(Kh'll  VEAR  OF  HIS  AGE." 

TImt  PtLihamaln,  or  Pushmataha,  wns  n  warrior,  has  been  said.  In  the  late 
war  with  Enjrlaiid,  he  aHsi.sted  in  siil)diiing  iiis  coimtryineii  at  the  south.  In 
Giiicrnl  Claihome's  army  lie  distinguished  himself,  particularly  in  the  hattle 
of  lilt' Holy  Ground,  (called  hv  the  Indians  Eccanachaea,)  upon  the  Alabama 
Rivir, 80  miles  from  Fort  Claiborne.  Here  the  celebrated  fVeatherford  re- 
iiilfd,  also  Hillisha^o  the  prophet. 

in  tli(!  treaty  which  the  chiefs  and  warriors  of  the  Choktaus  held  with  the 
f. ><. commissioners,  18  October,  1820,  "at  the  treaty  ground,  in  said  nation, 
near  Doiik's  Stand,  on  the  Natches  Road,"  the  following  passage  occurs : 
•Wlipreas  the  father  of  the  beloved  chief  Mtishvlatubee,  of  the  lower  towns, 
for  luicl  during  his  life,  did  receive  from  the  United  States  the  sum  of  150 
dollars,  annually ;  it  is  hereby  stipulated,  that  his  son  and  successor,  Mushula- 
hii«,slmll  annually  be  paid  the  same  amount  during  his  natural  life."  Hi^nce 
it  would  lead  us  to  suppose,  without  fuither  investigation,  that  both  the  father 
and  son  had  rendered  the  country  very  important  services. 

As  has  been  the  case  in  all  former  Indian  wars,  so  in  the  present,  erery 
Dci),'iil)oring  Indian  is  viewed  with  distrust.  No  sooner  had  the  present 
existing  Seminole  war  begun,  than,  by  report  at  lea.st,  hundreds  of  the  Creeks 
were  leaving  their  country  for  Florida,  to  join  their  hostile  neighbors.  Early 
ikis  spring,  1836,  it  was  reported  far  and  wide  that  the  Chocktaws  had  taken 
up  the  hatchet.  This  occasioned  a  national  council  to  be  called,  which 
tsjenihled  on  the  12  May.  The  venerable  chief  Mushulatubee  was  present, 
md,  among  other  things,  said,  "  It  makes  my  heart  bleed  to  be  accused  of  this 
tnackry,  when  it  is  well  knoum  I  and  my  tnbe  lutve  fought  side  by  side  mth 
Gen.  Wayne,  Jackson,  and  others,  against  the  Seminoles,  Creeks  and  British." 

Hillishaoo,  or  HILLIS  HADJO,  it  appears,  survived  General  Jackson's 

campaigns,  and,  not  long  after,  went  to  England,  still  hoping  to  gain  assist- 

uice  from  that  nation  to  enable  him  to  operate  with  effect  against  the  Ameri- 

\  cans.   He  'vt  j,  upon  his  return,  the  immediate  instigator  and  cause  of  the 

Seminole  war,  having  taken  up  his  residence  among  that  nation,  imable  to 

j  stay  longer  in  his  own  country.    The  belief  was  imposed  upon  him  by  some 

abandoned  English  traders,  that  there  was  a  provision  in  the  treaty  of  Ghent 

for  the  restoration  of  their  country.    He  received  much  attention  while  in 

England,  and  some   encouragement,  but  nothing  absolute.     An   English 

i  journal  thus  mentions  his  arrival : — "The  sound  of  trumpets  announced  the 

approach  of  the  patriot  Francis,  who  fought  so  gloriously  in  our  cause  in 

I  America  during  the  late  war.     Being  drest  in  a  most  splendid  suit  of  red  and 

)ld,  and  wearing  a  tomahawk  set  with  gold,  gave  hitn  a  highly  imposing 
[appearance." 

He  received  large  presents  from  the  king's  stores,  but,  it  is  said,  that  of 
Itliesp  he  was  chiefly  delTrauded  afterwards  by  the  notorious  Woodbine,  who, 
jit  seems,  accompanied  him  in  his  travels.* 

Aliout  the  end  of  November,  or  beginning  of  December,  1817,  a  war  party 

lof  Seminoles  captured  an  xAmerican,  and  conveyed  him  immediately  to  their 

■priniipal  village,  called  Mikasauky.     Here  it  appears  dwelt  Francis  and  his 

wnily.    The  American,  whose  name  was  M'Krimmjon,  was  ordered  to  be 

ninediately  burnt  to  death.     The  stake  was  set,  MKrimmon,  with  his  head 

*  Seminole  War  Documents,  p.  23,  published  by  order  of  coiigiess. 


ri*i' /■!§!(  Jiff , 


1 « I 


-*iT.. 


VVi^ilifff^M 


64 


HORNOTLIMED.— NEAMATIILA. 


IBooK  IV. 


Bhaved,  woh  bound   to  it,  and  wood  wnH   i>ilcd  up  nboiit  liiin. 
IndianH  had  tiMiHli<;d  tliuir  dance,  and  the  tin;  wuh  almut  to  h( 
daughter  ot'tlie  rliieC,  iminod  Millif,  who  had  l>een  witnt^HHing  th< 
with  a  sad  countenance,  tlew  to  her  fatlier,  and,  upon  h(>r  knecH,  ht 
he  would  spare  the  priHoner's  Ufe  •  and  it  v/an  not  until,  like  tin 


Pocahontas,  she  nhowed  a  deterinivr 
connented  to  prolong  hi8  life  for  I 
ho  could  not  Hell  the  victim  for  u  cr 


on  to  peririh  with  him,  that  ht 


WluMi  thn 

kiii(il.,,|,  a 

[''■•'imriitioiis 

"  •>«')."■' I  timt 

•'liratcd 


III.; 

-niiioii 


m 


.„".i""t  '»■'•  tilth,  r 
piesent.     It  woh  Htill  Ins  mtcnti  ;,  jf 
•'  mun,  to  iiove  carried  Iuh  roiimr  imr- 
pose  into  effect ;   hut  on  oft'ering  liini  to  the  HpuniardH,  at  St.  Marks, 
demanded  sum,  7h  gallons  of  rum,  wuti  paid  for  him,  and  thus  his  \\\k 
was  effected. 

After  Francis  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Americans  and  was  lianmid  Iji 
family,  consisting  of  a  wile  and  several  daughterH,  surrendered  thenisclvc's  to 
the  Americans  ut  St.  Mark's.  The  youngest  daughter,  MiUu,  uhoiit  rouniin 
years  of  age,  was  treated  with  great  attention  by  all  the  officers  for  Imvin.. 
saved  the  life  of  M'Ktimmon.  She  was  said  to  have  been  very  liaiidsdini' 
When  MKrimmon  heard  of  her  l>eing  among  the  captives,  he  wcint  and  oHl  n  i| 
himself  to  lier  as  a  partner.  She  would  not,  however,  receive  liim  \\nu\ 
satisfied  that  he  was  prompted  to  offer  himself  from  other  motives  tlmn  u 
sense  of  the  supposed  obligation  of  his  life  having  been  saved  by  her. 

Mikasauky  was  the  chief  rendezvous  of  the  war  party,  and  had  been  known 
at  least  a  century  by  the  name  of  Baton  Rouge.  This  name  was  give  n  it 
by  the  French,  and  the  Aiiglo-Ainericans  called  it  the  Red  Sticks,  to  u\iiiil 
the  use  of  the  same  name  in  French.  Hence  the  Indians  who  niiulo 
their  (piarters,  were  called  Red  Sticks.  At  this  period  they  had  revived  Hit; 
practice  of  setting  up  poles  or  sticks,  and  striping  th^in  with  red  paint,  wliiih 
was  only  when  they  intended  war.  The  Atnericans,  not  knowing  their  prac- 
tice, supposed  these  poles  were  painted  with  red  stripes  in  derision  of  tliejr 
liberty  poles.  Mikasauky,  now  Red  Sticks,  was  upon  a  border  of  iMikasauky 
Lake. 

HORNOTLIMED,  or  as  General  Jackson  called  him,  "  Homattlemico, 
an  old  Red  Stick,"  was  another  principal  Seminole  chief,  whose  residence 
was  at  Foul  Town  in  the  beginning  of  the  war ;  but,  being  driven  from 
thence,  he  repaired  to  Mikasauky.  Three  vessels  having  arrived  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Apalachicola  on  the  30  November,  1817,  with  military  stores  for 
the  supply  of  the  garrison,  were,  from  contrary  winds,  unable  to  asccniL 
Lieutenant  Scott  was  despatched  for  their  assistance,  in  a  boat  with  forty  mea 
The  old  chief  Homotlimed,  who  had  just  before  been  driven  from  Foul  Town, 
by  a  detachment  of  General  Gaines's  army,  with  a  band  of  his  warriors,  liad 
concealed  themselves  in  the  bank  of  the  river ;  and  when  Lieutenant  &o(( 
and  liis  men  returned,  they  fired  upon  them,  and  all  except  six  soldiers,  wlio 
jumped  overboard  and  swam  to  the  opposite  shore,  were  killed.  Twenty  of 
the  soldiers  had  been  lefl  for  the  aid  of  the  ascending  vessels,  and  about  the 
same  number  of  women  and  sick  were  in  their  places.  These  fell  into  the 
hands  of  Homotlimed  and  his  warriors,  who  dashed  out  their  brains  upon  the 
sides  of  the  boat,  took  off  their  scalps,  and  carried  them  to  Mikasauky,  wliere 
tliey  exhibited  them  upon  their  red  pole,  in  memory  of  their  victory.  This 
chief  and  his  companion,  HiUishago,  were  doomed  shortly  to  expiate  with 
their  lives  for  this  massacit. 

The  Mikasauky  town  was  soon  after  visited  by  the  army,  but  the  huliaiu 
had  all  fled,  their  red  pole  was  left  standing,  and  the  scalps  upon  it ;  many  of 
which  were  recognized  as  having  been  taken  from  Lieutenant  ScotCs  men. 
At  length  a  vessel  cruising  near  tiie  mouth  of  Apalachicola  River,  to  prevent 
the  escape  of  the  Indians  in  that  direction,  with  English  colors  displayed, 
decoyed  on  board  the  famous  chiefs,  Homotlimed,  and  the  prophet  Frmm 
These  the  Americans  hanged  without  trial  or  delay. 

NEAMATHLA  was  a  warrior  of  note  and  renown,  before  the  war  of  lpr2 
with  Great  Britain.  He  was  a  Seminole  chief;  but  where  his  residence  wai 
previous  to  that  war  we  have  not  heard  ;  but  after  the  Seminole  war,  lie  lived 
upon  a  good  estate,  at  Tallahassee,  of  which  estate  a  mile  square  was  underl 
improvement.  This,  in  1823,  Mamathla,  at  the  head  of  the  chiefs  of  hii 
nation,  gave  up,  with  other  la^ds,  for  the  benefit  of  the  United  States,  by  a 


.A. 


IBooK  IV. 


about  liini.  'Wlicii  tlm 
about  to  bo  kindled,  a 

;u»!SHiiif{  tbt!  |)n!|mrati()iis 
bcr  kiujcH,  bt!>{j;..(l  tlmt 

until,  liko  the  (ciclirmid 

^ith  liiin,  tlmt  licr  t'at|i(  r 

/an  still  bis  intcuti  >■,,,  jf 
currii'd  bis  former  pur- 

liurds,  at  St.  Marks,  ili,.. 

,  and  tbuB  bi8  liberation 

.ns  and  was  Imiijfed,  his 
irreiidcrcd  tlicmselves  in 
tor,  Mitlii,  about  t'ouriccn 
11  tbe  officers  for  liavini; 
ve  been  very  haiultiiuiK'! 
lives,  lie  wont  and  oHi  n  li 
,rever,  receive  liini,  innil 
om  otber  motives  ihaii  u 
een  saved  by  bcr, 
rty,  and  bad  been  known 
This  name  was  irivi  w  it 
the  Red  Sticks,  to  »■, niil 
Indians  who  made  iliij 
riod  they  had  roviv«!(l  tlu; 
.em  with  red  paint,  wlii(  h 
i,  not  knowing  their  prac- 
tripes  in  derision  of  tliejr 
on  a  border  of  Mikasauky 

d    him,    "  HOMATTLEMICO, 

le  chief,  whose  residence 
;  but,  being  driven  from 
Is  having  arrived  at  the 
17,  with  military  stores  for 

winds,  unable  to  ascend 
!,  in  a  boat  with  forty  men. 
n  driven  from  Foul  Town, 

band  of  his  warriors,  liad 
md  when  Lieutenant  Scoli 
ill  except  six  soldiers,  wlio 
!,  were  killed.  Twenty  of 
ding  vessels,  and  about  tlie 
ilaces.  These  fell  into  tlie 
i  out  their  brains  upon  the 
them  to  Mikasauky,  wliere 
cry  of  their  victory.  This 
3d  shortly  to  expiate  with 

•  the  army,  but  the  hidians 
16  scalps  upon  it;  many  oil 
-m  Lieutenant  Scott's  men.  j 
ilachicola  River,  to  prevent 
English  colors  displayed,! 
i,  and  the  prophet  fVoiica 

y,  1 

iwn,  before  the  war  of  Ifl'^j 
It  wliere  bis  residence  wail 
the  Seminole  war,  he  livedl 
e  a  mile  square  was  underl 
head  of  the  chiefs  of  Iml 
t  of  the  United  States,  by  il 


\m 


,^mi 


:^*' 


>y; 


m 


-'« 


UO'vS'. 


*#~\*« •(/'«#v« t   ftt««^r«         %*T^  •  ' 


+■      Ji  ijift 


M'ffiA  MA^a^imLiA 


Scrninolo   War  ("liief 


H 


i  *■«".• 


^V 


•  fS.  i'  »i 


'^i'<\  ■ 


t:^' 


3i 


If 


<*:■•■'' 

•':"  t"'-  'r! 

'■i  »"^  ^A 

'  • 

i:    ■    ; 

imM 

V\     ^1*,' 


'^' 


CHAP.  VII.] 

ireaty  which  they 
1^  gL'pternber  of  l 
III  an  additions 
yoJii  Blount,  Tusk 
oiUie  principal  c 
nliicli  tliis  article 
fioiiiTS  lor  perinis 
ilieiii,  and  in  cons 
ilif  U,  States,"  it  v 
liiiir  .s.ji;2re  miles, 
Skmil  and  Hajo  a 


U|K)II 


the  same  riv 


m/Uu  there  settle( 
iAf,  5Jd;  with  1 
ireaiy.  were  to  re 
peiimsala  of  Flori< 
'<iit  whether  "  tl 
treaUjdoes  not  ap 
tuliu  that  they  hud 
i!iis  inuisaction,  as 
Buiiilier  of  the  Sen 
iiiidi;i-rated,  that  it 
imiiuitaiit  part  of 
\si\,this  mistake, 
lias  hi'cu  a  fated  o 
aiioilur problem,  b 
liius  Slated :    Had  1 
oiliiTs  but  theinsel 
ilieii  country  and  I 
in  iliJH  plac  ?,  and  w 
Tlie  United  State 
ndhlu,  as  a  comfieii 
IS  In  meet  the  expe 
A  word  more  of 
Wfst.'i'a  coast  of  th( 
land,"  says  Mr.  fViU 
saiiil  ridges  and  in 
nliire  it  has  cost  the 
They  are  now  in  i 
Aiinrican  settlers, 
I  alreutV ;  and  there 
I  prov.'ij.''    What  is  ( 
!  Hii'iin  which  they  ai 
I  ioiiiiit!s  of  the  sea. 
I  Mci'Sf^uries,  and  ket 
I  frailly  changed  thei 
( iri'ssiiig  war,  and  tli 
I  to  resources,  than  w 
A  chief,  whom  t 
I  mentioiied,  jn  our  ai 
I  cHEs  Hatcho,  and 
[bilciv  the  America] 
j  Florida,  and  was  am 
j  ^le  Tuljapoosies,  an 
styled  "an  old  Red! 
I'UmiuicrJJrbulhnotl 
pnth.'l?  June,  I8i: 
propirty,  in  lands  ai 
sUit  the  time  of  h 
ot  Barmy,  shai'ed  1 


6* 


ChaI"' 


VII.] 


NEAMATHLA.— THE  SEMINOLES. 


65 


^Bty  which  they  made  with  its  agents  at  Moultrie  Creek,  in  Florida,  on  the 
lij  September  of  that  year. 

],i  an  additional  article  of  said  treaty,  we  read — "  Whereas  jYea  Malhla, 
jfikn  Blount,  Tuski  Hajo,  Mullaio  King,  Emathlochee,  and  Kconchatimico,  six 
Ql'tJie  principal  chiets  of  the  Florida  Indians,  and  parties  to  the  treaty  ;o 
ffliicli  tiiis  article  has  bbcn  annexed,  have  warmly  appealed  to  the  commis- 
fioiurs  for  permission  to  remain  in  the  district  of  country  now  inhabited  by 
tlieiii,  and  in  consideration  of  their  friendly  dis]K>sition,  and  past  services  to 
ilii.  L'.  States,"  it  was  agreed  that  JVeanmtfUa  and  his  followers  should  have 
fiiiir  sjuare  miles,  embracing  Tuphulga  village,  on  Rocky  Comfort  Creek ; 
^mnd  and  Hajo  a  tract  on  Apalachicola  River ;  Mvllato  King  and  Emathlochee 
midii  tlie  same  river ;  and  Econchatimico  on  the  Chatahoochie.  With  jV*e«- 
wthia  there  settled  30  men ;  with  Blount,  43 ;  Mullato  King,  30 ;  with  Enutth- 
j,f/i((, 2d;  with  Econchatimico,  38:  tiie  other  Florida  Indians,  by  the  same 
^a\.  were  to  retnove  to  the  Amazura,  or  Ouithlacooche  river,  upon  tlic 
peiiiiusala  of  Florida. 

'(lit  whether  "  the  other  Florida  Indians "  had  any  hand  in  making  this 
tniit\,(loes  not  appear,  though  from  alter  circumstances,  there  is  no  proba- 
jjjliij  that  they  had.  Hence  two  facts  are  duly  to  be  considered  concerning 
ilii/miiisaction,  as  they  have  led  to  fatal  mistakes :  one  is,  as  it  concerns  the 
nuiiilier  of  the  Seminoles ;  and  it  will  be  asked,  Wern  their  numbers  greatly 
uiidiMTated,  tbut  it  might  seem  that  those  who  mado  the  treaty  were  the  most 
iiiijioitant  part  of  the  nation  ?  If  this  problem  come  out  affirmative,  then, 
\i»\,this  mistake,  or  imposition  upon  the  inhabitants  of  the  United  States, 
te"l)L(!ii  a  fatal  one.  The  other  fact  or  circumstance  resolves  itself  into 
anotliiT  problem,  but  not  more  difficult  of  solution  than  the  other.  It  may  be 
thus  stated :  Had  these  few  chiefs  <inj/  authority  to  stipulate  lor,  or  bind  any 
otluMs  but  themselves?  If  not,  where  is  the  obligation  for  them  to  leave 
llieii  country  and  habitations  ?  But  I  forbear  to  pursue  this  subject  further 
in  this  plac?,  and  will  relum  to  JVeamaihla. 
The  United  States  agreed  by  the  same  treaty  to  award  500  dollars  to  JVea- 
mthlj,  as  a  compensation  for  the  improvements  abandoned  by  him,  a*,  'veil 
IS  III  meet  the  expenses  of  his  removal. 
A  word  more  of  the  countrymen  of  JSTearnxdUa^  who  emigrated  to  the 
svsi  rii  coast  of  the  peninsula,  before  we  proceed  to  other  subjects.  "  The 
land,"  says  Mr.  Williams,*  to  which  they  are  "  legally  banished,  consists  of  dry 
and  ridges  and  intertninable  swamps,  almost  wholly  u  ifit  for  cultivation ; 
wlitre  it  has  cost  the  U,  States  more  than  their  land  was  worth  to  support  them. 
Thev  are  now  in  a  starving  condition ;  they  have  killed  the  stock  of  the 
Aimricaii  settlers,  in  every  part  of  the  territory,  to  support  themselves, 
alreaiV ;  and  there  is  no  present  prospect  of  their  situation  becoming  im- 
prov'd.''  What  is  calcidated  to  add  to  their  miserable  condition,  is  the  limits 
witiiin  which  they  are  restricted  ;  they  are  not  allowed  to  go  nearer  than  within 
ioiiiiies  of  the  sea.  A  garrison  was  established  at  Tampa  to  supply  them  with 
Mcts,s;ii'ies,  and  keep  them  in  order.  Recent  events,  however,  had  consid- 
I  mhly  changed  their  condition  before  the  commencement  of  the  present  dis- 
;  iri'ssiiig  war,  and  they  are  found  much  more  numerous,  and  far  betrer  oif,  as 
I  to  resources,  than  was  sup|)osed  they  could  be. 

A  chief,  whom  the  whites  called  Peter  McQueen,  has  been  incidentally 

[mentioned,  in  our  account  of  the  Creek  war.     His  Indian  name  was  Talmu- 

CHEs  Uatcho,  and  he  belonged  to  the  tribe  of  Tukabatchie.     In  1814  he  fied 

Mliv  the  Americans  under  (Jeneral  Jachon,  and  took  up  his  residence  in 

I  Fiitriiia,  and  was  among  others  declared  an  outlaw.     In  1817  he  was  chief  of 

tiie  Tallapoosies,  and  resided  upon  the  Oklokue  or  Okoloknee  River,  and  was 

I  siyled  "an  old  Red  Stick."    He  was  one  of  the  12  Creek  chiefs  who  gave  Mr. 

Mmiidcr  Jirbuthnott  power  of  attorney  to  manage  their  affiiirs.    This  was  done 

pnth.'  17  June,  1817.     He  was  a  chief  of  consequence,  possessed  a  valuable 

propi'ity,  in  lands  and  negroes.     His  effects  were  seized  upon  as  lawfid  booty, 

ibmit  tiie  time  of  his  escape  froni  Tukabatchie.     A  half-breed,  by  the  name 

of  Barney,  shai'ed  10  negroes  that  had  belonged  to  him,  and  a  chief  called 


6* 


Account  of  Flori'.la,  72,  73. 


66 


KING-PAINE  IS  KILLED  IN  BATTLE. 


[Book  IV. 


^uchi-hatche,  alias  Colonel,  had  20  more.  To  the  persons  who  had  made 
phiiuler  of  his  slaves,  he  protested,  they  could  have  no  claim  upon  him  anj 
that  he  had  never  injured  them.  He  Iherefore  applied  to  Mr.  R.  JlrbtUhmtt 
to  intercede  with  the  officer  at  the  United  States  military  post.  Fort  Gaines  for 
some  relief;  this  he  did  in  a  very  respectful  letter,  but  with  what  success'  we 
are  as  yet  unprepared  to  speak. 

KING-PAINE  was  a  chief  who  might  have  demanded  early  attention  bm 
•who,  not  having  been  very  conspicuous  but  in  a  single  affair,  has  been  defer- 
red to  this  place.  Early  in  1812,  at  the  head  of  sundry  bands  of  iSeminoles 
and  negroes,  who  had  run  away  from  their  American  masters,  King-paim 
issued  forth  in  quest  of  blood  and  plunder.  There  wert,  several  other  eliiels 
at  the  same  time,  (among  whom  Bow-legs  *  was  conspicuous,)  wlio  assisted  in 
making  war  on  the  frontiers  of  Georgia.  Whether  either  or  botii  of  the 
above-named  chiefs  commanded  the  daring  party,  who,  on  11  September 
1812,  attacked  and  defeated  a  small  force  under  Captain  Williams,  we  are  not 
certain  ;  but  it  is  certain  that  they  commanded  a  large  force  soon  after,  wlien 
General  JVewman  marched  against  them,  and  fought  him  with  desperation. 
Captain  H'illiains,  with  about  20  men,  was  convoying  some  loaded  wagona 
towards  Davis  Creek,  and  whtn  within  about  10  miles  of  their  destination 
they  were  attacked  by  a  party  of  Indians  and  negroes,  supposed  to  be  50  iii 
number.  Although  the  whites  were  few,  they  protracted  the  fight  until  all 
their  nmmunition  was  expended,  their  captain  mortally  wounded,  and  sLx 
others  slightly.  They  then  effected  a  retreat,  leaving  their  wagons  in  tlie 
hands  of  their  enemies.  Two  of  the  Americans  were  killed,  and,  it  was  sup- 
posed, a  nmch  greater  number  of  the  enemy. 

Expecting  a  force  would  be  soon  sent  against  them,  King-paint,  with  Boic- 
legs  as  his  lieutenant,  marched  out  from  the  Lotchway  towns,  at  the  head  of 
150  warriors,  'as  was  supposed.  They  were  not  disappouited  with  regard  to  a 
force  being  sent  against  them,  for  in  the  mean  time  General  JVewman,  f  of  the 
Georgia  volunteers,  marched  with  117  men  to  destroy  the  Lotchway  towns. 
When  he  had  arrived  within  about  six  miles,  he  fell  m  with  the  Indians,  all 
of  whom  were  mounted.  It  appears  the  parties  met  unexpectedly,  and  no 
time  was  lost  on  cither  side  in  preparing  for  battle.  Having  dismounted,  the 
Indians  advanced  a  few  paces,  hoping  thereby  to  intimidate  their  adversaries; 
but  jSfeioman,  at  the  same  time,  ordered  his  men  to  charge,  which  being 
promptly  obeyed,  the  Indians  were  put  to  flight.  The  battle-ground,  being 
skirted  with  swamps  upon  three  sides,  was  advantageous  for  the  operations  of 
the  Indians ;  nevertheless,  before  gaining  these  coverts,  a  well-directed  tire 
stopped  the  flight  of  many,  among  whom  was  King-paine  himself,  and  Bote- 
legs  was  severely  wounded ;  but  this  was  only  the  commencement  of  the 
fight ;  for  no  sooner  was  the  fall  of  the  great  chief  known  among  his  men, 
than  they  returned  and  charged  in  their  turn,  but  were  again  forced  ic  tlv, 
leaving  tlie  body  of  their  leader  in  the  hands  of  the  whites.  This,  more  tniiu 
any,  or  all  considerations  together,  wrought  ui)  their  minds  to  desperatifjii, 
and  they  determined  on  its  recovery,  or  to  sacrifice  themselves  in  the  attempt; 
and  they  accordingly  returned  again  to  the  charge,  which,  it  is  said,  was  met 
with  firmness  by  the  whites,  who,  after  encountering  several  shocks,  ngaiii 
succeeded  in  routing  them  ;  but  they  immediately  returned  again,  with  greaiir  I 
fury  than  before,  and  with  greater  success  ;  for  they  obliged  the  Americans  to 
give  ground  in  their  turn,  and  atler  some  time  spent  in  this  most  desperate 
work,  they  succeeded  in  recovering  the  body  of  King-paine,  and  carried  it  (iff. 
Their  loss  in  the  several  charges  was  unknown,  but  supposed  by  the  whites  to 
have  been  about  30 ;  while,  on  their  own  side,  they  report  but  one  killed  ami 
nine  wounded.  This  fight  was  on  the  26  September,  and  lasted  about  four 
hours. 


*  To  a  dccumcnt  exhibited  in  the  trial  of  Arbuthnoil  and  Ambrisler,  his  name  is  sigiitiij 
BoLECK.  This  was  probably  his  real  name,  which  required  but  a  slight  corruption  tochan^l 
it  into  How-legs.  I 

t  Thomson  (Hist.  War,  61)  writes  this  officer's  name  Newnan;  but  Brannan,  Perkins  audi 
Brackenridge,  all  write  it  as  in  the  text.  There  is  a  town  in  Florida  called  Newnansnlii,\ 
where  a  newspaper  is  printed. 


CBAf.  VII.]  GURISTERSIGO.— HIS  BATTLE  WITH  GEN.  WAYNE. 


©7 


The  whites  were  greatly  distressed  after  this  fight,  for  the  Indians  were 
reinfoi'^ed,  and  harassed  them  until  the  4  October,  when  they  gave  up  the 
business  and  retired.  General  JVewman,  having  thrown  up  a  alight  work,  was 
able  to  prevent  being  entirely  cut  off,  and  at  length  retreated  out  of  th';  coun- 
try. The  Indians  did  not  give  up  the  siege  until  they  had  been  pretty  severely 
cut  up.  The  whites,  by  concealing  themselves  on  the  night  of  the  3(1,  made 
them  believe  they  had  abandoned  their  fort ;  and  they  came  up  to  it  in  a  body 
without  apprehending  danger ;  when  on  a  sudden  they  received  a  most  deadly 
fire,  and  immediately  fled. 

We  shall  close  this  chapter  with  some  revolutionary  and  other  matters. 
TheCherokees  had  engaged  not  to  operate  with  the  British,  towards  the  close 
of  the  war ;  and  what  is  very  singular,  all  the  time  that  the  greatest  succestv's 
mended  the  British  anns,  they  strictly  adhered  to  their  engagement ;  and  it 
was  not  until  the  fortune  of  war  had  changed,  and  the  Aitericans  had  become 
masters  of  nearly  all  the  country,  that  many  of  the  ill-fated  Indians,  instigated, 
no  doubt,  by  abandoned  white  desperadoes,  fell  upon  tlie  settlement  called 
Ninety  Six,  killing  many  persons,  and  burning  several  i:nuses.  Upon  this, 
General  Pickens  took  the  field,  at  the  head  of  a  Imnd  of  mounted  men,  and  in 
about  five  weeks  following  the  10  Septeml)er,  1781,*  finished  this  Cherokee 
war,  in  which  40  Indians  were  killed,  13  towns  destroyed,  and  a  great  number 
of  men,  women  and  children  taken  prisoners,  f  A  white  man  by  the  name  of 
/f'flierj  was  supposed  to  have  been  the  prime  mover  of  the  Indians,  who  with 
s  few  of  them  fled  through  the  Creek  country  into  Florida,  and  made  good 
their  escape. 

On  17  October,  12  chiefs  and  200  warriors  met  Greneral  Pickens  at  Long 
Swamp  Creek,  and  a  treaty  was  concluded,  by  which  Georgia  acquired  a 
large  accession  of  territory.  J 

We  have  next  to  relate  the  bold  exploits  of  a  Creek  warrior,  of  the  name 
(kmiersigo.^  The  British  held  possession  of  Savannah,  in  June,  1782,  and 
General  Wayne  was  sent  tliere  to  watch  their  motions.  On  the  21  May,  Col- 
onel Brotvn  marched  out  of  Savannali  to  meet,  according  to  af»poii)tment, 
a  band  of  Indians  vmder  Emistessigo,  or  Guristersigo.  But  some  difficulty 
among  the  Indians  had  delayed  their  march,  and  the  movement  of  Broiim  was 
disastrous  in  the  extreme.  General  IVayne,  by  a  bold  manoeuvre,  cut  off  his 
retreat,  fell  upon  hint  at  midnight,  killed  40  of  his  men,  took  20  prisonei-s,  and 
the  rest  escaped  only  under  cover  of  darkness.  In  this  fight  IVayne  would 
not  permit  a  gun  to  be  fired,  and  the  execution  was  effected  wholly  with  the 
sword  and  bayonet ;  the  flints  having  been  previously  token  from  the  soldiers' 
guns. 

Meanwhile,  Emistessigo  was  traversing  the  whole  transverse  extent  of  Geor- 
gia, (strange  as  it  may  seem,)  without  being  discovered,  except  by  two  boys, 
wlio  were  taken  and  killed.  It  was  the  24  June,  however,  before  he  arrived 
in  the  neighborhood  of  General  JVayne,  Avho  was  encamped  about  five  miles 
from  Savannah.  Wayne  did  not  ex|)ect  an  attack,  especially  by  Indians,  and 
conse(iueut!y  was  completely  surprised.  But  being  well  seconded  by  his 
officei-s,  and  happily  resorting  to  his  favorite  plan  of  fighting,  extricated  him- 
self from  imminent  danger,  and  put  the  Indians  to  flight,  after  a  hard-fought 
battle. 

The  plan  adopted  by  the  Indian  chief,  though  simple,  was  wise  ;  but  in  its 
eacmion  he  lost  some  time,  which  was  fatal  to  him.  He  captured  two  of 
WaijnCs  cannon,  and  while  endeavoring  to  turn  them  upon  the  Americans, 
■'■ey  had  time  to  rally.  And,  as  the  sword  and  bayonet  were  only  used  by 
them,  no  chaLco  was  left  the  Indians  to  take  advantage  of  position  from  the 
flashes  of  the  guns  of  their  adversaries.  If  Wayne  merited  censure  for  being 
taken  thus  unprepared,  he  deserved  it  quite  as  much  for  exposing  himself  in 
the  fight  bi-yond  what  prudence  required ;  but  more  than  all,  for  putting  to 
death  12  prisoners  who  had  been  decoyed  into  hie  power,  after  the  fight. 

The  severest  [)art  of  the  action  was  fought  at  the  cannons.  Emistessigo  was 
loath  to  relinquish  such  valuable  trophies,  and  he  did  it  only  with  his  life. 

*  Johnsnn's  \,\{e  of  Green,  ii.  SH. 
}  Mmon's  Life  of  Green,  ii.  348. 
i  Lee.    Dr.  Holmes  writes  Emistessigo.    Annals,  ii.  3W. 


t  Lee's  Memoirs,  382,  383. 


68 


GRANGULAKOPAK.— BIG  WARRIOR. 


[Book  IV. 


Seventeen  of  his  warriors  fell  Sy  his  side,  besides  his  white  guides.  He 
received  a  spear  and  two  bayonets  in  his  Iwdy  before  he  fell,  and  eucouraeed 
his  waiTiora  to  the  last.  When  'le  began  to  faint,  he  retired  a  few  steps  and 
calmly  laying  himself  down,  breathed  his  last  without  a  groan  or  strugifle! 

This  chief  was  six  feet  three  inches  high,  weighing  about  220  pounils  bear- 
iiig  a  manly  and  expressive  countenance,  and  '30  years  of  age  ;  and  General 
Lee  adds,  "  Guristersi^o  died,  as  he  had  lived,  the  renowned  warrior  of  the 
Ovcrliill  Creeks."  In  this  singular  affair  but  12  Americans  were  killed  and 
wounded.  Among  the  phuider  taken  from  the  Indians  were  117  packhorses, 
laden  with  peltry.  Exertions  were  made  to  capture  those  warriors  tliat  ^ 
capetl  i'rom  the  attack  on  Wayne^s  camp,  but  so  well  did  they  undcretand  the 
country,  that  not  one  of  them  was  taken. 

Although  not  in  the  order  of  time,  we  will  introduce  here  one  of  the  earliest 
advocates  for  temperance  that  we  have  met  with  among  the  Indians.  This 
person,  though  a  Creek,  was  a  descendant,  by  his  own  account,  of  the  renown- 
ed Grar^ula.  His  name  was  OnughkcUlydaunvy-gransrulakopaL  All  we  know 
of  his  history,  can  be  told  in  a  few  words,  and  but  lor  one  speech  of  his  which 
happened  to  be  preserved,  even  his  name  we  had  never  i)erhaps  heard.  That 
he  lived  in  1748,  and  was  eminent  for  his  good  morals,  except  the  speech 
before  mentioned,  is  all  we  know  of  him.  As  to  the  speech,  which  ia  so  highly 
extolled,  it  has,  like  numerous  othera,  we  are  of  opinion,  passed  through  too 
many  hands  to  be  considered  by  all  who  may  meet  with  it  as  genuine;  never- 
theless, throwing  aside  all  the  unmeaning  verbiage  with  which  it  is  encumbered 
an  Indian  speecli  might  remain  that  would  be  read  with  pleasure.  As  itctands 
in  the  work  before  us,*  its  length  excludes  it  from  our  pages,  and  we  shall  select 
but  few  sentences.  It  was  delivered  in  a  great  council  of  the  Creek  nation 
and  taken  down  in  short  hand  by  some  white  present,  and  about  four  yean 
after  came  into  the  hands  of  an  agent  of  Sir  fVUliam  Johnson,  thence  into  the 
hands  of  sundry  others. 

"Fathers,  Brethren,  and  Countrymen. — We  are  met  to  deliberate. 
Upon  what  ? — Upon  no  less  a  subject,  than  whether  we  shall,  or  shall  not  be  a 
people  ! "  "I  do  not  stand  up,  O  countrymen !  to  propose  the  plans  of  war, 
or  to  direct  the  sage  experience  of  this  assembly  in  the  regidation  of  our  alli- 
ances :  your  wisdom  renders  this  unnecessary  for  me." — "  The  traitor,  or 
rather  the  tyrant,  I  arraign  before  you,  O  Creeks !  is  no  native  of  our  soil;  hut 
rather  a  lurking  miscreant,  an  emissary  of  the  evil  principle  of  darkness.  'Tis 
that  pernicious  liquid,  which  our  pretended  white  friends  artfully  introduced, 
and  so  |)lentifully  pour  in  among  us!"~-"0,  ye  Creeks!  when  I  thunder  ia 
your  ears  this  denunciation ;  that  if  this  cup  of  perdition  continues  to  rule 
among  us,  with  sway  so  intemperate,  ye  will  cease  to  be  a  nation  !  Ye  will 
have  neither  heads  to  direct,  nor  hands  to  protect  you. — While  this  diabolical 
juice  undermines  all  the  powers  of  your  bodies  and  minds,  with  inoffensive 
zeal,  the  warrior's  enfeebled  arm  will  draw  the  bow,  or  launch  the  spenr  in  the 
day  of  buttle.  In  the  day  of  council,  when  national  safety  stands  suspended 
on  the  lips  of  the  hoary  sachem,  he  will  shake  his  head  with  uncollected  spirits, 
and  drivel  the  babblings  of  a  second  childhood." 

The  above,  though  not  a  third  of  the  speech,  contains  chief  of  all  that  was 
intended  to  be  conveyed  in  several  pages.  A  true  Indian  speech  need  not 
here  be  presented  to  show  the  difference  of  style  between  them ;  hut  as  we 
have  a  very  good  one,  by  the  famous  Creek  chief,  Big- warrior,  not  elsewhere 
noticed,  it  shall  be  laid  before  the  reader.  It  wau  delivered  at  the  time  Gen- 
eral JackBun  was  treating  with  the  Creeks,  about  the  close  of  the  last  war  with 
England,  and  was  in  reierence,  as  will  he  seen,  to  the  conditions  demanded  of 
the  vanquished.  And,  although  Big-warrior  was  the  friend  of  the  Americans, 
yet  he  now  felt  for  his  countrymen,  and  after  saying  many  other  things,  coa- 
eluded  as  follows : — 

•*  The  president,  our  father,  advises  us  to  honesty  and  fairness,  and  promises 

*  Sermons,  &,c.,  by  Reverend  William  Smith. 


CHAr.  VII.] 


BIG  WARRIOR'S  SPEECH  TO  JACKSON. 


60 


that  justice  shall  be  done  :    I  hope  and  trust  it  will  be !     I  made  this  war, 

which  has  proved  so  fatal  to  my  country,  that  the  treaty  entered  into  a  lung 

time  ego,  witli  father  Washington,  might  not  be  broken.    To  his  friendly 

jrm  I  hold  fast.     I  will  never  break  that  bright  chain  of  friendship  we  nia«lo 

toi'ctlier,  and  which  bound  us  to  stand  to  the  U.  States.     He  was  a  father  to 

ihc  Muscogee  people  ;  and  not  only  to  them,  but  to  all  the  people  ben(;ath  the 

gun.    His  talk  I  now  hold  in  my  hand.    There  sits  the  agent  he  sent  among 

us.   Never  has  he  broken  the  treaty.    lie  has  lived  with  us  a  long  time,    lie 

has  seen  our  children  born,  who  now  have  children.    By  his  direction,  cloth 

ffas  wove,  and  clothes  were  made,  and  spread  through  our  country  ;  but  the 

Red  Sticks  came,  and  destroyed  all ; — we  have  none  now.     Hard  is  our 

situation  ;  and  you  ought  to  consider  it.    I  state  what  all  the  nation  knows : 

iiotiiing  will  I  keep  secret. — There  stands  the  little  warrior.    While  we  were 

seeking  to  give  satisfaction  for  the  murders  that  had  been  committed,  he 

proved  a  iniscliief-maker ;  he  went  to  the  British  on  the  lakes ;  he  came  back, 

ami  brought  a  package  to  the  frontiers,  whidi  increased  the  murders  here. 

This  conduct  has  aheady  made  the  war  p'lrty  to  suffer  greatly  ;  but,  although 

almost  destroyed,  they  will  not  yet  open  thoii  oyps,  b'.;t  are  still  led  away  by 

tlie  British  at  Pensacola.     Not  so  with  us.    We  were  rational,  and  had  our 

sensts.    We  yet  are  so.     In  the  war  of  the  revolution,  our  father  beyond  the 

waters  encouraged  us  to  join  him,  and  we  did  so.    We  had  no  sens»^  then. 

The  promises  he  made  were  never  kept.    We  were  young  and  foolish,  and 

Ibiiglit  with  hiin.     The  British  can  no  more  persuade  us  to  do  wrong.     They 

have  deceived  us  once,  and  can  do  it  no  mc'       You  arc  two  great  people. 

If  you  go  to  war,  we  will  have  no  concern  in  it ;  for  we  are  not  able  to  fight 

We  wish  to  be  at  peace  with  every  nation.    If  they  offer  me  arms,  I  will  say 

to  them,  You  put  me  in  danger,  to  war  against  a  people  bom  in  our  own  land. 

They  shall  never  force  us  into  danger.     You  shall  never  see  that  our  chiefs 

are  boys  in  council,  who  will  be  forced  to  do  any  thing.     I  talk  thus,  knowing 

that  father  Washington  advised  us  never  to  interfere  in  wars.     He  told  us 

that  those  in  peace  were  the  happiest  people.     He  told  us,  that  if  an  enemy 

attacited  him,  he  had  warrior?  enough,  and  did  not  wish  his  red  children  to 

help  him.    If  the  British  advise  us  to  any  thing,  I  will  tell  you — not  hide  it 

from  you.    If  they  say  we  must  fight,  I  will  tell  them,  No." 

He  had  previously  spoken  oi  the  causes  of  the  war,  and  of  the  sufferings  it 
had  brought  upon  them,  but  asked  indulgence  from  compassion.  The  fine 
tract  of  country,  now  the  state  of  Alabama,  was  argued  for  by  Shelokta,  another 
famous  chief,  who  had  large  claims  on  the  whites,  but  Jackson  would  not 
concede.  This  chief  had  rendered  them  the  greatest  services  in  the  war,  and 
sppealed  to  Jackson's  feelings,  by  portraying  the  dangers  they  had  passed 
togetlier,  and  his  faithfulness  to  him  in  the  most  trying  scenes ;  but  all  availed 
nothing. 

Big  Warrior  was  a  conspicuous  chief  for  many  years.  In  1821,  one  of  hia 
nation  undertook  to  accompany  a  Mr.  Lucas  as  a  guide,  and  killed  liim  by  the 
wav.  Complaint  was  immediately  made  to  Big-warrior,  who  ordered  him 
to  1)0  executed  without  delay.  In  1824  he  was  the  most  noted  among  the 
opposers  of  the  missionaries.  In  this  it  was  thought  he  was  influenced  by  the 
Indian  agents,  which  opinion  was  perhaps  strengthened  from  the  fact  that  a 
sul)-ageur,  Captain  Walker,  had  married  his  daughter.  He  was  head  chief  of 
tlie  nation  when  General  Mlntosh  forfeited  his  Hfe  by  breaking  the  law  of 
ihe  nation  in  selling  a  part  of  the  Creek  country.  The  troubles  of  his  nation 
having  brought  him  to  Washington,  at  the  head  of  a  delegation,  he  fell  sick 
snil  died  there,  8  March,  1825.*  He  was  a  man  of  colossal  stature,  and  pro- 
portionate physical  powci-s ;  and  it  is  said  "  his  mind  was  as  colossal  as  his 
body,"  and  that  he  had  done  much  towards  improving  the  condition  of  his 
countrymen.    He  had  a  son  named  Tuskehenaha. 

•  Niles\  Register,  xxviii.  48. — By  a  passage  in  the  report  of  a  committee  of  coiigresii  oa 
Ihe  Creek  aA'airs  in  1827,  it  would  seem  ii;al  Big-warrior  died  as  early  as  February. ' 


I 


*a% 


70 


GROUNDS  OF  THE   SEMINOLE  WAR. 


[Book  IV. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Grounds  of  tne  Seminole  War — Circumstances  of  those  Indians  misundtrstoodr—Ju,t. 
ness  of  the  War — Neamathla  deposed — Treaties — Of  Moultrie  Creek— Puijne'g 
Landing — Council  at  Camp  King — Is  broken  up  by  Osckola — It  is  renewed,  and  a 
party  agree  to  emigrate — Osceola's  opposition — Is  seized  and  jmt  in  irons- 
Feigns  a  submission  and  is  released — Executes  an  agreement  to  comply  with  the 
demands  of  the  whites — The  physical  condition  of  the,  Indians. 

Having,  in  a  former  chapter  of  this  our  fourth  book,  given  many  of  the 
necessary  particulars  for  a  right  understanding  of  the  former  Florida  war,  it 
will  not  be  necessary  here  to  repeat  the  same,  and  we  shall,  therefore,  procwd 
at  once  to  a  notice  of  the  grounds  of  the  present  war  with  the  Indians  in  that 
region. 

It  has  been  formerly  said,  that  nearly  all  the  Indian  wars  have  the  sanir 
origin  ;  and,  on  attentively  examining  the  subject,  it  will  be  found  that  tiie 
remark  has  much  of  truth  in  it.  The  Seminoles  of  Florida  have  heen  found 
quite  different  from  what  they  had  been  supposed.  Every  body  had  consid- 
ered them  a  mere  outcast  remnant,  too  much  enfeebled  by  their  proximity  to 
the  whites,  to  be  in  the  least  dreaded  in  a  war.  Indeed,  such  conclnsion  was 
in  perfect  accordance  with  the  accounts  which  were  circulated  among  intelli- 
gent  people ;  but  the  truth  seems  to  be,  people  have  always  been  misinformed 
on  the  subject,  owing  chiefly  to  the  ignorance  of  their  informers.  Nor  is  it 
■trange  that  misinformation  should  be  circulated,  when  it  is  considered  that 
the  very  agents  who  lived  among  them,  and  those  who  made  treaties  with 
them,  could  not  give  any  satisfactory  account  as  to  their  numbers  or  other 
circumstances.  General  Jackson,  in  1817  and  18,  made  an  easy  matter  of 
ravaging  a  part  of  Florida.  His  being  opposed  but  by  very  few  Indians,  led 
to  the  belief  that  there  were  but  few  in  the  country.  Tlie  war  of  1814  wag 
then  too  fresh  in  their  recollections  to  suffer  them  to  adventure  too  much,  and 
the  probability  is,  that  but  few  could  be  prevailed  upon  to  join  in  a  war  again 
80  soon.  Hence,  one  of  two  conclusions  must  now  evidently  be  fixed  upon,— 
eitlier  that  the  Seminole  Indians  were  much  more  numerous,  20  years  ago, 
than  what  was  supposed,  or  that  they  have  increased  very  considerably  mthin,, 
that  time.    For  my  part,  I  am  convinced  that  both  conclusions  are  correct. 

When  we  are  jtold,  that  at  such  a  time,  and  such  a  place,  commissioners'l 
of  the  United  States  government  met  a  delegation  of  the  principal  chiefs  of  tlie 
Southern  Indian^  and  made  a  treaty,  the  articles  of  which  were  satisfactory  \ 
to  the  Indians,  two  or  three  queries  present  themselves  for  solution ;  as,  by  j 
what  means  have  the  chiefs  been  got  together ;  what  other  chiefs  and  princi- j 

Eal  men  are  there  belonging  to  such  a  nation,  who  did  not  participate  in  thei 
usiness  of  the  treaty.  Anxious  to  effect  their  object,  commissioners  have] 
sometimes  practised  unwarrantable  means  to  obtain  it ;  especially  in  encour-' 
aging  sales  of  territory  by  a  minority  of  chiefs,  or  gaining  their  consent  to  a] 
removal  by  presents. 

In  the  early  part  of  the  present  war,  the  number  of  Seminole  warriors  wai 
reckoned,  by  persons  upon  the  spot,  at  2000 ;  but  they  have  generally,  since 
that  period,  been  rated  higher.  But  it  is  my  opinion,  that  2000  able  men,  led 
by  such  a  chief  as  Osceola  has  proved  himself  to  be,  are  amply  sufficient  to  do 
all  that  has  been  done  on  the  part  of  the  Indians  in  Florida,  in  1835  and  6. 

There  can  be  but  one  opinion,  among  discerning  people,  of  the  justness  of 
the  present  war,  as  it  appears  to  me  ;  nevertheless,  however  unjustly  created,! 
on  the  part  of  the  whites,  the  most  efficient  measures  should  have  been  takenJ 
in  its  earliest  stages,  for  its  suppression  ;  because,  the  sooner  it  is  ended,  th« 
fewer  will  be  the  sacrifices  of  lives ;  to  say  nothing  of  the  concomitant  suffer-] 
ings  of  individuals,  and  destructions  of  property.  It  has  been  frequentljr 
asked,  what  the  executive  and  the  congress  of  the  nation  have  been  about  t 
this  time !  A  few  soldiers  have  been  sent  to  Florida  at  a  time  ;  some  havei 
been  cut  off,  and  the  services  of  others  rendered  abortive,  by  some  childish 
bickerings  among  their  officers  about  "  precedency  of  rank."    But  whose  fault 


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ftm/  pnhh'.yfiffl  hij  fn-drr  ///'  llic 

SKXATK  oy  Tiu;  IT.  STA T»<iS, 

Kot' Urakk'.s  IWk>k  (H'lhc  Indlvn.s. 

I  n  1  o  . 

Tftdi/t'r    viii'ri  \x.ii    til  M,i,iri      /lii.'.i'iiii 


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ait'ro../   ('|„ 

i^'  '|i'i('k  siicci 

'''NlilHlll'S  sIk 

^ III'.-!  Land: 

Aiciinliiiir|i 

Oi'H;i\valiii  |{ 

^y  "liicli  III,' 

^'I'l.Tilll'  to  111, 

>'iil''r;iiiiiii  of 
at  ilii'ir  mnv  1 
lliinki.taiiil  o 
P'*'''  within  I 

^^'llllt  ohjCM 

ndiaiis  sli(')i,| 
«"ir  fiiii<rniti 
'/""'/"/c  in  St 


Cur. 


VIII. 


NKAMATIILA   DKPOSEn.—TRKATIES. 


Tl 


..  1,1  tlini  tlioMi'  ortlri'i-M  Hlioiild  liavo  Imtii  tlicr«  iiiulcr  roniniiMMiniiH  or  iii- 
xnii'liiiii:'  cil'  Hiii'ii  a  iiatiir"  as  to  st-t  ilirni  in  siirli  an  awkwuni  |ii>Hiti(in  in 
MMi't  to  ( iicli  otiiiir,  1  will  not  take  n|M)n  uio  tu  8tati>,  tlio  fuctN  iMiing  of 
.uiliri'iit  iioliirii'ty. 

\  wilier  lias  f?ivcn  tin;  following  facts  niativn  to  tho  Scininolfs  n'rcntly, 
iiiil,  ni*  lin'V  art!  Huitrd  to  my  coursd  of  rrniarks,  I  j(iv<'  tlirtn  in  liis  own 
„ifil^;_-'' Shortly  alli-r  tlio  ccsnioM,  [of  I'loritlii  to  tin)  I'.  S.]  a  treaty  was 
:iiii(li' liy  wliifli  tlu)  ScininoloH  ('ontM-nti-tl  to  rt>lin(|iiisli  by  far  tlu!  hcitcr  part 
oiilii'ir  lands,  and  retire  to  th«;  rentro  of  tlit;  iirninsnla,— a  (piarti-r  I'onsistinK 
fur  till'  most  |>art  of  pinu  linrrrns  of  tin;  worst  description,  and  terniinating 
lotvnnl!*  tlie  mmtli  in  iniexpiorid  and  iin|iassal>le  niarslies.  VVIien  tlie  tiioK 
faiiH'  tor  tli«  execution  of  the  treaty,  old  JVtha  Mulhln,  the  lieail  of  the  trihe, 
il  ii'lflit  it  savored  too  niiicli  of  the  cunning  and  whiskey  of  the  white  man, 
1,1  MiiiiMioried  his  warriors  to  resist  it.  (Jov.  Duval,  who  succeeded  (Jen. 
;,n„<ip,)  ia  the  chief  magistracy  of  tiiis  territory,  liroke  in  npon  his  war  council, 
|i|«H'(l  the  war  h-adei-s,  an(l  elevated  the  |M'ac()  parly  to  the  chielhiincies. 
Tin  .S'luitioics  rotinnl  peacealiiy  to  tho  territory  ausi^ned  tiiein,  and  old  .Vilux 
\litUn  n-tirud  to  thu  Creeks,  hy  whom  iiu  was  rainvd  to  tho  dignity  uf  a 
■iirl'." 

Tlif  iM'Xt  cTent  of  considerahlc  monient  in  the  history  of  the  Sominoles,  ia 
die  maty  of  /'rti/nf'a  Lanilmtr.  Of  this  alfair  I  nm  aide  tct  sjieak  in  the  laii- 
2iiaL'i  III' tlie  principal  a^ent  in  it,  on  tlie  part  of  the  whites.  The  individual 
iinliniii  I  rcli  r,  (leneral  H'ileif  Thompson,  will  he  paHiciilarly  noticed  here- 
jiiT, iVdiu  llie  melancholy  fate  which  lie  met  in  the  pro<fres8  oJl"  this  war. 

I  liuvc,  ill  a  previous  cliapter,  spoken  of  the  treaty  at  Moultrie  C^n'ek  ;  hut, 
hfiiirr  ).'i>iii^'  into  the  particulars  of  that  at  Payne's  Iiaiidin<;,  it  will  he  neces- 
virv  til  Miakc  a  litw  additional  ohservatioiis.  The  Indians  who  consented  to 
liiiitirraty,  by  sucii  consent  agreed  "to  come  under  the  protection  of  tiii'  \J, 
»<,t(i  (five  up  their  possessions,  and  remove  to  certain  restricted  hoiindaries 
ill  ilic  irriitory,  the  extreme  point  of  which  was  not  to  he  nearer  than  1.5  miles 
'II ilic  sen  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  For  any  losses  to  which  they  might 
I*  Milijirti'd  liy  their  removal,  the  government  agrei'd  to  make  lilxTal  donalions, 
akiiii  providt;  implements  of  hiisliandry,  schools,  &c.,  and  pay  an  annuily  of 
M)  lioilars  for  '^0  yeai-s ;  besides  which  there  were  presents  of  corn,  meat, 
\i. \i\  It  was  i'e(|uired  of  th*^  Indians  that  they  should  prevtMit  alisconiliiig 
!ia\f<l'ioiii  taking  refng(!  among  them,  and  they  were  to  use  all  proper  exer- 
;ioiiMiia|)|in'liend  and  «leliver  the  same  to  their  prope-  owners." 
Dill  iiicouiit  next  goes  on  to  state,  that  the  harmony  which  existed  at  the 
mitliisioii  of  this  treaty  «'ij<  very  gr«!at,  and  that  the  Indians  wen!  so  well 
^<lIl^lilll  Willi  its  provisions,  "that  they  had  a  clause  ex|iiessly  inserted,  hy 
«li'li  the  I'liiti  (I  States  ag(!nt.  Major  (lail.  Humphrci/.i,  and  the  interpreter, 
Ki  Wi/s,  were  to  have  eai'h  oim^  mile  scjiiare,  in  fee  simjile,  as  a  mark  of  the 
cm   IcMct'  tliey  reposed  in  these  officers  of  tin;  government." 

litt'iin;  this  treaty  was  carried  into  effect,  the  Indians  were  intruded  upon, 
Jiiil  liny  friadiially  began  to  Im^  rather  slow  in  the  delivery  of  the  runaway 
mirniis  Clamors  were  therefore  loud  against  them,  and  dillicnlties  followed, 
"I  ijiiiik  succession,  for  siiveral  y»!ars.  At  length  it  was  determined  that  tho 
Miriiioirs  should  b:-,  somehow  or  other,  got  out  of  Floriiht,  and  the  treaty  of 
I'aiMi's  Landing  was  got  \\\)  for  this  object. 
Ariiii(|iiiu|y,  ill  1H:{2,  on  the  !)th  of  May,  n  treaty  was  entered  into  "on 
OiHawalm  River,  known  by  the  name  of  the  treaty  of  l*ay  e's  LandiiiL', 
Ity  "liicli  they  stij)iilated  to  relinf|uisli  all  their  possessions  ii;  I'loriila,  and 
fiiiLTiitc  to  tlie  country  allotted  to  th(!  ('reeks,  west  of  the  Mississi|)pi ;  in  con- 
siilinilioii  of  which  thi;  government  was  to  pay  l.'),400  dollars,  on  their  arrival 
atili(iiin.\v  hoiiK!,  and  give  to  each  of  the  warriore,  women  and  children  one 
I'liinkctniiil  one  hoines|)un  frock.  The  whole  removal  was  stipulated  to  take 
pliiiv  witliiii  three  years  after  the  ratification." 
\\liat  olijcct  th<!  government  could  have  had  in  view  by  stijuilating  that  the 
iiiiiiiiiis  should  deliver  into  its  hands  all  their  cattle  and  horses,  pnnioiis  to 
"I'll  I'liii^iiitioii,  I  know  not,  unless  it  was  the  intention  of  its  agents  to 
fff'ukk  111  stocks  ;  or  perhaps  the  mode  by  which  the  Indians  were  to  be 
"aasported,  would  not  admit  of  their  being  transported  with  them.    Be  this 


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TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


73 


EXECUTIONS— COUNCIL  AT  CAMP  KING. 


[Book  IV, 


as  it  might,  wc  shall  see  that  this  stock  affair  was  among  the  hoginnin"  of  tho 
sparks  of  war. 

It  aj)pears  that  hotween  1832  and  1834,  it  had  licconie  very  apjmrpm  tlmt 
no  removal  \\i,h  intended  l)y  tlie  Indians;  and  it  was  equally  a|)purent  tlmt 
those  who  had  engaged  a  removal  for  the  nation,  were  not  the  first  pcoiilc  in 
it, — and,  consecpumtly,  a  ditticulty  would  ensue,  let  the  matter  he  urf^ed  nln  ii 
it  woidd.  General  Thompson  was  the  government  agent  in  Florida,  and  Ih' 
(whether  with  advice  or  without,  I  am  not  informed)  thought  it  hest  to  haw  a 
talk  with  some  of  the  real  head  men  of  the  nation,  upon  the  suhj(>ct  oi'nMiiov'l 
which  he  effected  ahout  a  year  before  the  time  of  removal  expir,j(l,  nainclv  in 
the  fail  of  1834. 

Meanwhile,  the  chief  who  had  been  put  in  the  place  of  JVeamathla,  by  (Gov- 
ernor Duval,  had  been  executed,  by  some  of  the  nation,  for  adiiorinir  to  tlm 
whites,  and  ad vociiting  a  removal  beyond  the  Mississippi.  The  nnnie  of  tli» 
chief  executed  upon  this  account  was  Hicks.  To  him  succeeded  one;  nainid 
Charles,  or,  as  he  is  sometimes  called,  Charles  Omathia,  and  he  shared  the  sanic 
fate  not  long  after.  Nine  warriors  came  into  his  council,  and  learning  that  he 
insisted  upon  a  removal,  shot  nine  bullets  through  his  heart!  No  more  doiiln- 
ful  characters  were  now  raised  to  the  chieftaincy,  but  a  warrior,  named  Lotds 
well  known  for  his  hostility  to  the  whites,  was  made  chief. 

In  the  council  which  General  Thompson  got  together  foi  tLe  purijosn  of 
holding  a  talk,  as  has  been  remarked,  appeared  Osceola,  and  several  otiicr 
distinguished  chiefs.  This  council  was  held  at  Fort  King,  and  was  opcmd 
by  General  Thompson  in  a  considerable  speech,  wherein  he  endeavorod  to 
convince  tiie  Indians  of  the  necessity  of  a  speedy  removal ;  tu'ging,  at  tlio  samn 
time,  tliat  their  own  safety,  as  well  as  that  of  their  ])raperty,  required  it ;  find 
requested  their  answer  to  the  subject  of  his  discourse,  whicii  he  [)n'sriitL'd  in 
for/n  of  propositions.  "  Tiie  Indians  retired  to  private  coimcii,  to  discuss  tlie 
subject,  when  the  present  yoimg  and  daring  chief  Jiceola  {Powell)  [Osceola] 
addressed  the  council,  in  an  animated  fitrain,  against  emigration,  and  said  tlmt 
any  one  who  should  dare  to  recouuiiend  it  should  be  looked  upon  as  an  riieinv, 
and  held  responsible  to  the  nation.  There  was  something  in  his  manner  so 
impressive  and  bold,  that  it  alarmed  the  timid  of  the  council ;  and  it  was 
agreed,  in  private  talk,  that  the  treaty  should  be  resisted.  When  this  w;is  made 
known  to  the  agent,  he  made  them  a  long  and  eloquent  harangue,  setting  foiili 
the  dangers  that  surrounded  them  if  they  were  subjected  to  the  laws  of  tlie 
palefaces,  where  a  red  man's  word  would  not  be  taken  ;  that  the  whites  iiiij:lit 
make  false  charges  against  them,  and  deprive  them  of  their  negroes,  lioises, 
lands,  &.C.  All  this  time  Aceola  was  sitting  by,  begging  the  chiefs  to  remain 
firm."     When  this  was  finisluid,  a  chief,  named 

"  HoLATKE  Mico,  said  the  great  Spirit  made  thetn  all — they  hfid  come  from 
one  woman — and  he  liopod  they  would  not  (iiiarrel,  but  talk  until  they  got 
through."    The  next  chief  wlio  spoke  was  named 

MicANOPEE.  He  was  the  king  of  the  nation.  All  he  is  reported  to  have 
said  was,  that  he  had  no  intention  to  remove.  "  Powell  then  told  the  agent 
he  had  the  decision  of  the  chiefs,  and  that  the  council  was  broken  ii|).  In  a 
private  talk,  an  old  chief  said  he  liad  heard  nnich  of  his  great  father's  regani 
for  liis  red  children.  It  had  come  upon  his  ears,  but  had  gone  tiirougli 
them  ;  he  wanted  to  see  it  with  iijs  eyes  ; — that  he  took  land  from  other  m.' 
skins  to  pay  them  for  theirs,  and  by  and  by  he  would  take  that  also.  Tlie 
white,  skins  had  forked  tongues,  and  hawks'  fingers ;  that  David  Blount  told 
him  the  peof)le  in  the  great  city  made  an  Indian  out  of  paint,  and  tiieii  sint 
after  him  and  took  his  lands,  (alluding  to  the  likenesses  of  the  chief-!,  in  the 
war  department,  at  Washington.)  He  wanted,  he  said,  to  sleej)  in  tiie  same 
land  with  his  fathere,  and  wished  his  children  to  sleep  by  his  side." 

The  plea  set  up,  that  Spain  ceded  Florida  to  the  United  States  in  1819, 
witliout  any  provision  for  those;  Indians,  need  only  to  be  noticed  to  siiow  In 
absiu'dity.  It  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  when  the  "right  of  the  Seminoles  to 
the  lands  of  Florida  was  talked  about,  the  idea  wns  di^rided  by  many  influential 
men ;  but  when  such  persons  desired  to  take  possession  of  some  of  tlie 
territory,  they  seemed  more  indiiufd  to  acknowledge  the  Indians'  rights  l)y 
agreeing  to  pay  them  for  tiiem,  than  of  exercising  either  their  own  right,  or  that 


^t'lx^i 


NG.  [Book  IV. 

the  boginning  of  tlio 

lie  very  npparoiit  tliat 
Kiually  apiKircnt  tlmt 
lot  tlie  first  people  in 
natter  bo  urgod  win n 
lit  ill  Florida,  ami  l;i' 
uglit  it  bost  to  liavc  ii 
lie  subject  orri'iimv:'!, 
al  oxpir.jd,  iiaiiiol;, ,  lii 

if  JVeamdWn,  by  (inv- 
1,  for  adheriiifr  to  the 
>pi.  The  iiaiiio  of  til" 
succeeded  one  iiiiiin'il 
nd  he  shared  the  sjiiin' 
il,  and  learning  that  ln' 
icart !  No  more  doiiht- 
warrior,  naniod  Loiiw, 
lief. 

ler  foi-  tl.e  purpos(!  (if 
;oLA,  and  several  otiicr 
King,  and  was  opcniil 
irein  lie  endeavored  to 
m\ ;  urging,  at  the  smiio 
iperty,  required  it ;  and 
whicli  lio  presenteil  in 
e  council,  to  discuss  tlii' 
ola  {Powell)  [Osceola] 
•migration,  and  said  tliiit 
loked  upon  as  an  enemy, 
ithing  in  his  nianiier  sd 
jhe  council ;  and  it  w\s 
d.   When  this  was  luailc 
it'haranguc,  setting  forth 
BCtcd  to  the  laws  ol  the 
. ,  that  the  whites  might 
of  their  negroes,  iiorscs, 
ing  the  chiefs  to  renmm 

-ill_tbey  had  come  from 
,  but  talk  until  they  got 

he  is  reported  to  have 
WEM>  then  told  the  agent 
il  was  broken  uj).    hi  a 
his  great  father's  regard 
.  but  had  gone  through 
'took  land  from  other  re^ 
uld  take  that  a  so.       e 
.  tbat  David  Blount  told 
it  of  paint,  and  then  smt 
Bsses  of  the  chiefs,  m  the 
id,  to  sleep  in  the  same 
|,  by  his  side." 
fe  United  States  ui  m 
Ito  bo  noticed  to  show  iH 
Vht  of  the  Seminolos  to 
,'ridedbymanyinlhient.a^ 
Issession  of  some  of  t 
Ige  the  Indians  rights  J 
Ter then- own  rit'W,orthat 


CHAP.  VIII.] 


OSCEOLA  IS  PUT  IN  IRONS. 


73 


of  the  United  States,  by  taking  unceremonious  possession.  This  can  be 
accounted  for  in  the  same  way  that  we  account  for  one's  buying  an  article  that 
Ijc  desires,  because  he  dares  not  take  it  without. 

When  a  removal  was  first  urged  upon  the  Seminole  Indians,  their  chiefs 
said,  "Let  us  see  what  kind  of  a  country  this  is  of  which  you  talk,  then  if  we 
like  it,  it  is  time  enough  to  exchange  ours  for  it."  IJut  it  is  said,  the  govern- 
ment agent  had  no  authority  to  authorize  a  deputation  of  Indians  to  visit  the 
imnnised  land,  and  here  the  matter  rested  awhile. 

llow  long  afler  diis  it  was,  I  shall  not  undertake  to  state,  that  the  Indiana 
made  known  their  desire  of  exchanging  their  country ;  but  this  was  said  to 
have  hccii  the  fact,  and  the  result  was  the  treaty  of  Payne's  Landing,  already 
described. 

It  appears  that  General  Thompson,  nothing  discouraged  at  the  result  of  the 
council  which  had  been  terminateu  by  the  wisdom  of  Osceola,  without  the 
slightest  concurrence  in  any  of  his  measures,  by  unceasing  efforts  had  pre- 
vailed upon  a  considerable  number  of  "chiefs  and  sub-chiefs  to  meet  him 
allerwards  and  execute  u  writing,  agreeing  to  comply  with  the  treaty  of  1832." 
This  was  evidently  done  without  Osceola's  consent,  but  its  being  done  by  some 
'.vliym  !ic  had  considered  his  |)artisans,  irritated  liim  exceedingly.  He  now 
saw  that  in  spite  of  all  he  could  do  or  say,  the  whites  would  get  terms  of 
agreement  of  some  of  the  Indians ;  enough,  at  least,  for  a  pretence  for  their 
designs  of  a  removal. 

la  this  state  of  things,  Osceola  remonstrated  strongly  with  the  agent  for  thus 
taking  the  advantage  of  a  few  of  his  people,  who  doubtless  were  under  much 
ffreater  ohligation  to  him  than  to  the  people  of  the  United  States.  Remon- 
strance soon  grew  into  altercation,  whicli  ended  in  a  ruse  rfe  guerre,  by  which 
Osceola  was  made  jjrisoner  by  the  agent,  and  put  in  irons,  in  which  situation 
he  was  kept  one  night  and  part  of  two  days. 

Here  then  we  see  the  origin  of  Osceola's  strong  hatred  to  G.meral  Thompson. 
While  lying  in  chains  he  no  doubt  came  to  the  fixed  resolution  to  resist  the 
whites  to  his  utmost  ability,  and  therefore,  with  perfect  command  over  himself, 
dissembled  his  indignation,  and  deceived  the  agent  by  a  pretended  com|)liance 
with  his  demands.  The  better  to  blind  the  whites,  he  not  only  promised  to 
sign  the  submission  which  he  had  so  strongly  objected  to,  but  promised  that 
his  friends  should  do  so,  at  a  stated  time ;  and  his  word  was  kept  with  the 
strii'test  accuracy.  He  came  to  Fort  King  with  79  of  his  people,  men,  women, 
and  children,  and  then  the  signing  took  place.  This  punctuality,  accomjjanied 
with  the  most  perfect  dissimulation,  had  the  efT^ct  that  the  chief  intended  it 
«iioiihl — the  dissipation  of  all  the  fears  of  the  whites-.  These  transactions  were 
in  the  end  of  May  and  beginning  of  June,  1835. 

Tims  we  have  arrived  very  near  the  period  of  open  hostilities  and  lilood- 
slied;  hut  before  proceeding  in  the  details  of  these  sanguinary  events,  it  may 
not  III!  improper  to  pause  a  moment  in  reviewing  some  of  the  matters  already 
inuelied  ujion.  The  first  to  which  the  attention  is  naturally  called,  is  so 
prominent  as  scarcely  to  need  being  presented,  but  I  cannot  refrain  asking 
attention  to  a  comparison  between  the  number  of  "chiefs  and  sub-chiefs," 
iwhieii  was  Sixteen)  who  on  the  23  April,  1835,  agreed  to  "acknowledge  the 
validity  of  the  treaty  of  9  May,  1832,"  and  the  number  of  warriors  and  chiefg 
liow  ill  open  hostility.  These  have  not  been  rated  lielow  2000  able  men. 
Does  any  body  siijipose  that  those  IG  "  chiefs  and  sub-chiefs,"  (among  whom 
«as  not  the  "king  of  the  nation"  nor  Osceola,)  had  full  power  to  act  for  2000 
ivarriors  on  so  extraordinary  an  occasion.!*  The  question,  in  my  mind,  need 
only  liL'  stated  ;  especially  when  it  is  considered  how  ignorant  every  body  was 
of  the  actual  force  of  these  Indians. 

It  will  doubtless  be  asked,  how  it  happens  that  the  Indians  of  Florida,  who, 
a  few  years  since,  were  kept  from  starving  by  an  appropriation  of  congress, 
slioiild  MOW  be  able  to  maintain  themselves  so  comfortably  in  their  fastnesses. 
The  truth  mi(h)iibtedly  is,  that  the  "starving  Indians"  were  those  then  lately 
lorci'd  down  into  the  peninsula,  who  had  not  yet  learned  the  resources  of  the 
I'oiintry;  for  not  much  has  been  said  about  the  "starving  Indians  of  Florida" 
for  severai  years  past. 

hi  addition  to  the  great  amount  of  cattle,  hogs,  corn,  grain,  &c.  token 
7 


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74 


DEVASTATIONS  DRCIIN. 


[Book  IV, 


Hitt 


CHAPTER  IX. 

The  Triilinns  prrpare  for  wnr — .'((fair  of  lloir/ainn — .'/  innil-cnrricr  l-illcd — .SVf/r.<  nfiy 
Iniliiins'  nilllr,  niid  honors  ailn rfisid  liij  the  liiilian  airriit,  liiil  iioiir  tiihin  iiliiri~ 
lliinniiu^n  and  murders  iirr  romiiiilird — Sitllrmnit  ill  j\iw  Hirer  ilr.slniijnl—ltc. 
VKirliiitilr  /irmrrrdlioii  ofii  Mr.  VttH\[h-y't\  fumilij — Coliiiirl  Wiini'ii's  d)Jhii—Siriiiiiii 
J'f,'lil — Dislriirlion  of  JS'rw  Smijrna — Drfiut  mid  dnith  of  Major  D.VDi;,  icilli  il,c 
dcslruclioii  of  nairlij  his  whole,  part ij — I  isil  to  his  battle-ground. 

From  A|)iil  milil  liarvcst  tirnr,  |»n'|mriiti()nH  liiul  fjniu!  on  ninoiiif  tlii' Inilimis, 
nnd  lln\v  only  waited  litr  iIm"  whiles  to  l)e^nM  tit  coiiiiiel  a  removal,  wiii'nilii; 
blow  should  hv  striK'k.  'I'Ik;  tiiiu;  allowed  thuin  over  aiul  ahove  the  tlinij 
y(;ais,  to  prepare  l<»r  their  joiiriK'v  to  the  praiiies  of  tht'  Arkaiisaw,  \vass|Miit 
ill  making  ready  to  resist  at  the  teriuiiiatioii  of  it. 

As  early,  liowever,  as  the,  IH.Iime,  IH.'};"),  a  si-rioiis  idlray  took  place  lii'twirn 
Roiiie  whites  and  Indians,  at  a  plae*;  railed  llo^town,  not  tiir  Ironi  iMickiisiiikv, 
in  which  the  I'ornier  were  altoifther  th(?  aj^gressors.  The  Indians,  alioiit  scmh 
in  nninlier,  vven;  discovered  l»y  a  fjaiij;  of  whites,  hnntiiif,'  "  hevoiid  ilnir 
boinids,"  upon  whom  they  imdertook  to  iidliel  corporal  pnnishineiit.  Two 
ot'tiu!  Indians  wer(^  absent  when  th(^  whites  came  up  to  them,  and  tlnvsci/cil 
uiul  disarmed  them,  and  then  bi'^an  tu  whip  them  with  eowliide  \vlii{is 
They  had  whipju'd  four,  and  wcnc  in  tin;  act  of  wlii|)piii>j:  the  lil\h,  win  n  iLo 


otht 


two 


Ind 


latis  i'lxww  up. 


On 


sceni}'  w 


hat 


was  iroMi'f  on,  tliev  raised 


war-whoop  and  (ired  upon  \\n\  whiles,  liut  whether  they  n'l-eived  any  inj 
we  are  not  told  ;  i)ut  they  immediately  returned  the  lire,  and  killedliotJi  i 
Indians,     When  (i(;neral   Thompson  was  made  aeipiainted  with  tlii'  all' 


iirv, 


iir,  III! 


summoned    the    <'hiels    lo;r(>ihei 


id    state<l    tli(^    facts    to    tliein,   ami  llnv 


(liselaimed  all  knowledge  of  it,  and,  it  is  said,  agreed  to  deliv(!r  the  (iireiiilirs 
into  the  hands  of  the  whites,  to  Ix;  dealt  with  iiccording  to  tluir  hmn. 
This  must  1h'  taken  as  tli«^  story  of  tlio  whites;  lor  in  this  case  thei/,  and  imt 
the  Indians,  were  llu!  "oU'eiiders."  It  was  altogetluM- a  singular  rcjioii,  that 
atVer  the  Indian::  had  all  been  whipped  and  killcl,  they  siiould  be  re(|iiin'(l  lo 
eive  vp  Ihr  offenders  ;  but  hucIj  was  staUid  to  bo  the  liu't,  and  1  know  not  tliut 
It  ha,r*  be(Mi  contradicted. 

I''re<|uent  signs  of  uneasiness  had  beeii  manifested  during  the  siiinniir 
among  the  Indians,  soi...-  of  whom  eoidd  not  be  rt'strained  from  acts  (if  vin- 
leiiee  by  the  chiefs,  although,  it  ii  pretty  evident,  siicdi  acts  wer»!  against  lln ir 
ndviee.  A  mail-cin-rier  was  kilh-d  and  robbed  belW(M'n  St.  Augiisliiic  iiinl 
Cam|»  King,  mid  two  or  thre((  houses  had  from  time  to  time  been  limkiii 
open  in  dilfer(Mit  ])l..ces ;  but  it  is  not  iin|)ossible  but  that  tlies(;  acts  iiiiulit 
have  been  committed  by  other  |)eopl(\  than  Indians.  However,  tlu^  hiiliaiis 
were;  mistrusted,  and  not  only  mistrusted,  but  reported  as  the  perpetiiilMrs; 
uiid  whether  they  were  or  not  is  but  of  small  moment,  as  atfairs  tiirncil  imii. 

Things  remaiiUMl  in  tiiis  state  until  December  Ibllowing,  when  the  Imliaii 
agent  notilied  such  of  the  Indians  as  \w  was  aide,  that  their  time  had  e\|iin'ii, 
and  that  they  must  forthwith  |)repare  for  their  i.iurney  over  the  l\lississi|i|M, 
and  to  that  end  must  bring  in  their  cattle  and  horses  according  to  tlir  kimh 
of  the  treaty.  And  so  confnieni  was  he  that  lliey  would  l)v  brought  in,  thai 
ha  hud  udvcrtiscd  lliciii  for  sulo,  uiid  tlio  1st  and  loth  of  tho  month  wero  the 


[Book  IV, 

1 10  prt'Sfiit  til  111',  ilm 
|ioii  wiiifli  ilicy  I'liii 
>{'  liiiif,  wli'u'li  is  uf 

fiiiftl  liy  till'  liliii'ks. 

wiioiii  liiivi'  jiiiiinl 
well  known  llmttlm 
U)  liuvu  dO. 


'rlcr  l-illril — Snlrs  of  tk 
,  hill  uiinr  tiilii.i  iiliiii  — 
ir  Ririr  ilislniijnl—IU- 
A'arri'ii's  (/(;/< "'—'^ ""11111)) 
'  Major  U.u>i.,  icillt  tk 
imnil. 

1  on  luiiou!?  till-  Iniliiins, 
•1  II  nMni>val,  wlini  ilm 
•r  ami  abovi'  tlu'  tliivi! 
le  Arkaiiwiw,  was  aynw. 

fray  took  jilaci-  \w\\wn 
ol  VarlVom  Mii-kasmiky, 
L'ln'lnilians,al><>iit  seven 
hwwuuii  "  lii'voiiil  lliiir 
iral  pimislniifiii.  'I'wn 
[to  tlltMIl,  ami  tlll'V  sri/nl 
1  with  roNvliitli'  wliiiK 
/iMfT  the  lil^li,  wlicn  llio 

liiiff  on,  tlx'y  ''•"^''''  ''"' 
icvlri-civnl  'my  injun, 
lin>,  ami  killftl  Imili  il"; 
intcil  witli  tl"'  !illi>"'l« 
•ts    to   tluMii,   anil  tli'V 

to  (lcliv«M-  tll(>  nlViMiaelS 

ronliiiK  to  tliiu-  \w>- 
,  tliis  casi!  (/ill/,  uiiil  ""I 
r  a  siiif,'"!"!-  itiu'iI,  ijmt 
(.v  slioiiltl  lu!  iviimrn  to 

fact,  aiul  1  know  not  tlwt 

t,Ml  (lurinij;  tlio  sunimor 
,.„„„,,l  iVoni  a.Ms  ot  vm- 
I,  ,„.ts  wnr.  afiainst  tlinr 
IvcM-it  St.  Aniinsiux'  "i"' 
|,u.  to  linn-  iK-i'U  l""k';i' 
|„t  that  tli.-so  arts  nidi 
How.-v.M-,  thi!  In.li"!!^ 

.•l..,l  as  Ih.-.  (..■riH-''''>'";^'^ 
[t,  as  atVairs  tnninl  ""  • 
U.winfl,  who.,  th-  1...1'.' 
I  thoir  tin..-  hml  ''M'  j 
I„ov  ov.T   th.>  MlSSlSMl'IM, 
^  LonlinfJ  to  tlio -eiPH 

^ol.l.l  lu<  lH->">!fl'l  '"' 
th  of  the  month  were  ibe 


ClIAIV 


IX.] 


KSCM'i:  OF  MRS.  OODFKKY. 


76 


,|;i\s  ill  wliioh  iho  Hiilos  woro  to  lio  mado.  Tlio  appointoil  days  passoil,  ami  no 
l,ii|j;iiis  .•i|i|ii'ai'.'.l ;  and  it  was  iiiimi'iliatoly  ilisoov.Tod  that  they  htiil  soiit  th.Mi' 
rtiuiii'ii  anil  oiiililroii  into  ihi-  iiilorior,  ami  ilio  warriors  wcro  niai-ohiii>;  iVoni 
iilai'i'  to  I'll'.'.'  with  arms  in  thoir  hands,  roady  to  striko. 

('(iiisioniaiion  and  dismay  was  dopi.'t.'.l  .m  iho  ooiintonan.'os  ol"  ijio  lior- 
ilrriii;.'  wliilos,  and  I  hoy  iiofran  to  lly  from  thoir  dw.'llini;s,  wliioh  wore  immn- 
,|iiiiiK  ili'slroy.'.l  hy  th.i  Indians.  Ono  of  ih.i  first  plii.'.'s  allii.'k.'d  was  tlm 
,,|;iiiiaiitiii  of  Captain    I'riist,  iho  liiiildin^s  on   wliioh   wcr.^   inirn.'il.     Small 

,.iiiii|i,iiiii'S  of  whil.'s  wvvr  imiiiodialoly  oricani/.od   for  soonriii;;  tli tniilry. 

Dili' (if  ill. 's.'  was  firod  upon  hy  soni.-  hidians  in  aiiihiish,  who  w.nin.lo.l  two, 
,„„.  sii|'|">si'd  mortally,  an. I  a  son  of  Captain  I'rirst  ha. I  his  liorso  killed  im.lor 
liliii.  Soon  atli'i',  as  MO  or  K)  nion  woro  ai  work  f^oltiiiir  <'nt  slii|i-liiiilior  on 
|)r;i\liiii's  Island,  ill  liak.'  (io(n'<jri',  tlioy  wor.^  firod  upon  and  .li'i\.'ii  liom  iho 
pliiiv.  Noll.-  woro  w.imi.lo.l,  alllioii;;li  tho  Imllols  pass.>il  liiroii^h  tlio  olotiios 
iil'siiiiii' .'I"  tli.'in. 

(Ill  iMO  fitli  of  .Ian.  IH.'ili,  a  small  party,  siippos.'d  to  h.>  ahoiit  MO,  of  indianrt 
siiuili  ii  liital  hlow  on  a  poor  family  at  N.'w  Uivor,  wlii.'h  is  ahoiit  '2'i  niil.'H 
1(1  ihc  ii.trtii  of  Capo  l''lori(la.  It  was  ilii-  family  of  tho  lifjhl-lioiis.'  koopor  of 
this  iilaco,  iianio.i  Coiilci/.  An. I  what  r.'iid.'rs  tho  oaso  pooiiiiarly  a^^ravatiiiir 
jsiliiil  this  liimily,  liko  that  of  Cliirk,  at  I'lol  Uivor  near  IMimoiith,  in  I'liilip^s 
H  111,  Will',  and  had  always  hooii,  on  terms  of  i;ro!it  inliina.'y  with  the  very 
liiili;iiis  wli.>  .l.str.iyod  th.'iii.  iMr.  Cixtlri/,  hoiiiji:  ahsont  wh.'ii  tin-  attack  was 
in;iil(',  .'s.'apod  the  liiit.'li.'ry.  'i'lio  iiimihor  miir.i.'ro.l  was  six,  oin'  of  whom 
\viis;i  man  n.'imod  FHuIdii,  from  C.cil  o. unity,  Maryland,  who  had  h.-.-n  liin>.l 
nsii  liiiiiily  t.'aohor,  his  inothor,  wili',  and  llir.'o  ohildr.'ii.  riiiiliin  ho  foim.l 
i.liiu'kiii;,'ly  ninlilalo.l,  app;ir.'iitly  with  an  a\o;  his  two  older  .'hil.lr.'ii  w.iro 
l\iiiL' iM'iir  him  sliot  tliroiifih  tho  li.-art,  with  the  ho.iks  tli.-y  woro  iisinjf  at  tho 
liiiM'  lli.'V  w.-r.i  miir.li'rod  hy  thoir  si.l.'s;  li'oiii  wlii.'h  .•iroiimstan.-o  it  is 
ni.ii'iit  lii.'y  mot  .loath  at  th.i  same  moment  tlioy  kn.nv  .tf  tho  vioiiiity  of  tho 
iiii'.  His  will',  willi  ill.'  .iliior  .'hil.l  at  her  hrc-ast,  hi;  foiin.l  ah.iiit  100  yard.s 
trmii  III.' oth.'i's,  i).)lh  apparently  kill.'d  by  the  .sjuik!  hnll.'t.  Mrs.  fV/oAy/ iiiul 
jiinurily  hoon  a  oaptivi;  aiiioiiir  the  Indians,  niidorstood  tli.'ir  lanj;iinj(o,  as  did 
oneortho  .•hildron,  a  hoy,  and  holh  w.  re  mii.di  like.l  hy  tliom. 

Ill  II'  tiio  In.lians  found  a  rich  h.i.ity.  '.riioy  oarriod  oil"  ahoiit  V2  liarr.-ls  of 
priivisioiis,  MO  ho;rs,  M  horni's,  IHO  dollars  in  silver,  oiw  koj^  of  powdor,  ahovo 
','UO|miiii(ls  of  l.-ad,  an. I  700  dollars  worth  of  dry  jjjoods. 

A  laiiiiiy  oi"  s.'vorid  p.-rsons  in  tli<!  n.'ijrhh.irhood  of  (Wn/\  witnessed  tho 
iminli'i',  and  barely  ma.lo  their  esoapo.  Also  anoth.'i',  that  of  th.>  wi.l.iw  lliir- 
1(1/;  hrrs.'lt",  t.v<»  .1  -htors  and  a  s.:;; ;  these  escaped  hy  lliylil  t.)Cape  I'Moridiu 
iiiH' w.T..' s.ion  ^atiioicd  alioiit  (iO  p.'i-sons,  who  had  escaped  li-oin  aloii";'  tho 
I'e  I,  anil  not  b.'iii^'  able  to  subsist  loiifj  liir  want  of  pr.ivisions,  ma.lo  a  si<;iial 
iifilisiii'ss,  and  wcro  noon  di.soovored  hy  a  vessoi,  which  took  them  t.i  St. 
Aiiiriisiiiio. 

Tlu'ic  was,  amonfj  thi;  families  who  fled  In  sav."  tliiir  lives  aliont  this  time, 
mil',  vcr  I  'iiiarkably  jir.'s.rv.'.l.  'rin;  (innily  of  Thoimtn  (Soil/'irif,  viz.  his 
will' mill  t.iiir  f.'inal.;  «'hil. Iron,  having;  escape. I  to  a  swamp  im.)l)sorved,  \V(>r.! 
nlii'M'.l  hy  a  n.'jjr.),  about  the  en. I  of  the  f"oiirth  day.  'I'liis  man  was  .Irawn  to 
llii' spilt  hy  tliu  moaiiH  of  .in.;  .>f  tin;  .'hildr.-n,  whose  poor  liimished  niothiT 
I'Kiilil  11(1  lonjfer  fjiv  it  its  nsiial  support  at  tho  breast.  This  nofiro  heloiifio.l 
tiiiiii' iidstilo  Indians,  and  .'am.;  upon  those  sidf.'rers  with  an  nplitlo.l  axe; 
'lit  when  lie  saw  tin;  .•hililren  in  thoir  distress,  his  arm  was  nmi.'rvo.l  !)y  tho 
rniilliction  that  his  own  .'hil.lron  w.-n-  then  in  the  pow.-r  .)f  th.'  whit.'s.  II.! 
lliiirliiio  cam.'  to  till!  Iinmane  r.-solntion  of  s.'ttiii).'  tli.'in  at  liberty,  wlii.'h 
ciiiilil  not  ho  done,  without  jfreal  ha/.ard,  for  tin-  In.lians  were  y.'t  in  possos- 
fii'iMif  all  the  adjacent  .•.niiilry  ;  but  h."  .lirect.'d  them  to  r.-main  as  tpiiot  as 
I'lissililc  until  iiiffhl,  wli.'ii  li<;  woiil.l  briiifj;  tli.'m  som.'tliinj,'  to  .'at.  'This  ho 
iliil,  and  also  broiifjht  them  blankets  to  sl.'op  iijion.  Th.'  next  .lay  a  .•oinpimy 
flt  nioiiiitod  wliiios  .lisperso.l  the  Indians,  and  tho  n.'ffro  oon\.'y.'d  IMrs. 
fiW/iTi/ and  her  children  in  sijrlit  of  them,  and  th.'ii  iiia.l.'  his  escape.  Tim 
iiiiMiamI  of  Airs,  (loilj'm/  h.id  some  time  h.'for.'  boon  .ird.i'.'d  out  in  defonco 
lit' ill' I  (iiinlry. 
Nutliiiig  but  devastations  of  tiie  most  alarming  an.l  d.-strnotive  ohuructer 


■'■■,.  .■   ■"  , .'  i"  ^-il-r. 


''&r 


f( 


■1i'.;^''-^ 

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DESTRUCTION  OF  NEW  SMYRNA. 


[Book  IV. 


sopin  to  liavo  occurred  in  tlie  region  of  East  Florida,  so  long  ns  tliore  wai 
a  j)liico  Ic'Cr,  wiiicii  was  not  strong  cnougii  to  witlistaml  an  attack. 

Aliont  tlu!  18  of  December,  Colonel  fVairen,  at  the  In'ad  of  a  small  (Jotncli. 
ment  of  his  regiment,  was  ordered  to  convoy  a  train  of  wagons  loaded  \^|,[, 
provisions  and  munitions  from  St.  Augustine  to  the  main  body,  vvliidi  was 
encumped  at  Fort  Croom,  near  Micanopifs  town.  Wliile  on  their  niarcli  tliov 
were  attacked  by  a  superior  force  of  Indians,  who  killed  8  or  10  of  tliein,  an,! 
put  the  rest  to  flight,  almost  in  sight  of  the  force  they  were  sent  to  roFuvH 
All  the  wagons  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  which,  alter  taking  lionj 
them  what  they  dvjsired,  broke  them  up  and  burnt  them. 

On  the  20  of  December,  as  General  Call,  with  the  Middh;  Florida  innm 
was  marching  for  Fort  Draine,  his  advanced  guard  discovered  a  house  on  tin' 
near  Micanopy,  and  a  trail  of  Indians  was  discovered  leading  to  a  jjond,  wlmi, 
was  full  of  bushes  and  logs.  This  pond  the  whites  nearly  encircluil,  and 
although  at  first  no  Indians  were  seen,  yet  the  flashes  of  their  guns  wjdu 
pointed  out  their  hidirig-place.s,  and  considerable  firing  ensued  on  both  sides- 
but  the  fire  of  the  Indians  wrs  soon  silenced,  and  on  searching  the  \wn  t'lmr 
Indians  wei-e  found  dead,  bit  all  the  others,  if  there  were  any  more,  had 
effected  their  escape.  In  this  swamp  fight,  three  whites  were  badly  wounded 
and  one  killed. 

On  the  26  of  December,  a  band  of  about  100  Indians,  under  a  chief  named 
Philip,  and  a  number  of  Indian  negroes,  made  an  attack  on  New  Sinyrri,  to 
the  south  of  Mosquito  Inlet,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Peninsula,  wiiere  tliev 
found  nothing  to  obstruct  their  ravages.  Tl.=y  began  with  the  house  of  Mr, 
Dunham,  which  when  they  had  plundered,  "parties  of  them  scattered  ahom 
the  neighboring  plantations  of  Cruger,  Depeyster,  and  Hunter.  Tiie  Indian 
negro,  John  Cftsar,  endeavored  to  decoy  Mr.  Hunter  from  his  house,  on  pre- 
tence of  selling  him  cattle  and  horses ;  he,  hov/ever,  having  heard  by  Ids 
negroes  that  large  numbers  of  Indians  were  about,  and  in  the  aflernoon  lie 
crossed  the  river  to  Colonel  DummeVs.  The  Indians  held  possession  of  Dun- 
hain's  house  all  day,  and  about  one  the  next  morning  set  it  on  fire,  together 
with  all  the  out-buildings.  In  the  course  of  the  27,  they  burned  and  destioyeu 
all  the  buildings  on  Cruger''s  and  Depeyster's  plantations  except  a  corn-lioiise, 
and,  on  Hunter's,  all  except  a  corn-house.  They  now  crossed  over  the  river 
to  Colonel  Dummefs  house,  and  after  destroying  every  thing  in  it,  set  that  oa 
fire,  but  from  some  cause  the  fire  did  not  burn  it.  They  next  burnt  the  liuiise 
of  Mr.  Raldiff,  a  little  to  the  north  of  Colonel  DummeVs,  and  broke  ai'd 
destroyed  the  lantern  and  every  thing  belonging  to  the  light-house." 

The  war  having  now  become  serious,  and  the  Indians  no  longer  looked 
upon  as  a  despicable  foe,  the  most  melancholy  forebodings  were  entertained 
for  the  very  existence  of  the  strongest  places  in  Florida,  and  the  call  lor 
protection  from  that  quarter  had  become  loud  and  frequent ;  but  notwiili- 
standing  war  had  been  expected  all  the  preceding  autumn,  no  eftectuul  meas- 
ures had  l)een  taken  by  the  proper  authorities  to  check  the  Indians  in  such  an 
event.  There  had,  however,  late  in  December,  arrived  at  Fort  Brooke  a  small 
number  of  United  States'  troops  under  Major  ZJck/c,  of  the  4th  regiment  of 
hifanlry,  the  official  account  of  whose  operations  and  defeat,  I  give  as  follows, 
in  the  language  of  Major  Btlton.  It  should  be  observed,  that  Major  Dade  was 
detached  for  the  relief  of  General  Clinch,  at  Camp  King,  who  was  su|)i)os(d 
to  be  in  the  most  imminent  danger  from  the  Indians,  and  also  in  great  want 
of  supplies. 

His  despatch  was  dated  at  Fort  Brooke,  1  Januaiy,  1836,  and  proceeds  as 
follows: — "The  schooner  Motto  arrived  on  the  21  December  from  Key  West, 
with  brevet  Major  Dade  and  his  company,  A  infantry,  39  strong,  with  a  small 
supply  of  musket-ball  cartridges,  after  looking  in  at  several  points  between 
the  Key  and  this  place.  Being  thus  reinforced,  I  hesitated  no  longer  to  put 
Gardiner's  company,  C  2d  artillery,  and  Frazer^s  company,  B  3d  inlantry,  in 
motion  for  Fort  King,  pursuant  to  General  Clinches  ordei-s ;  which  movement 
had  been  ordered  on  the  IGtIi,  and  suspended  the  same  day,  o. .  account  of 
intelligence  I  had  received  of  the  force  of  the  Mickasukies,  and  their  strong 
position,  near  the  fi)rks  of  the  Wythlacoochee.  I  despatched  the  public 
schooner  Motto  on  23d,  with  Lieutenant  Duncan,  2d  artillery,  to  Key  West, 


[Book  IV. 

8f)  loiiR  as  tli<!re  was 
n  iittuck. 

lul  of  a  SMiuU  lUitacli- 
'  wagons  loadi'd  with 
lain  body,  vvliicli  wiis 
10  on  tlirir  nmicli  tiny 
18  or  10oflli(Mii,iui(l 
y  were  sent  to  ruliivc. 
licli,  alter  takiiif^  I'lom 
I. 

Middle  Florida  troops, 
^overed  a  liousc  on  tin; 
tiding  to  a  jmnd,  wliich 

nearly  enL-ircluil,  iiml 
les  of  their  jriius  sudii 

ensued  on  botli  sidis ; 
searching  the  hog  tiiur 
•e  were  any  uiort;,  Imil 
es  were  badly  wouudud, 

IS,  under  a  chief  nnmed 
ack  on  New  Siiiynn,  to 
Peninsula,  where  liu'V 
rt  with  the  house  of  Mr. 
of  them  scattered  ulioiit 
id  Hunter.    The  Indian 
from  his  house,  on  pre- 
fer, having  hoard  by  liia 
and  in  the  afternoon  he 
held  possession  of  Dim- 
,g  set  it  on  tire,  togetlier 
ley  burned  and  destroyeu 
ons  except  a  corn-house, 
Bv  crossed  over  the  river 
■ry  thing  in  it,  set  that  on 
'hey  next  burnt  the  house 
ummefs,  and  broke  ard 
,e  hght-house." 
iidians  no  longer  looked 
lodings  were  entertauiod 
lorida,  and  the  call  loj 
n  frequent ;  but  notwith- 
Uimn,  no  effectual  nieas- 
ck  the  Indians  in  such  an 
-ed  at  Fort  Brooke  a  suiad 
[e  of  the  4th  regiment  ot 
i  defeat,  I  give  as  follows, 
rved,  that  Major  i>«(/e  was 
King,  who  was  supposirt 
s,  and  also  In  great  want 

L,  1836,  and  proceeds  as 
December  from  Key  Wes 

W,  39  strong,  with  a  small 

[t  several  points  between 
Lsitated  no  longer  to  pu 
tmpany,B3d  lulautr),  m 
|orde.-sVwhich  inoven.e 

Isameday.O'  "f«^°""^°^ 
laTukLs,  and  their  strong 
n  despatched  U.e  ,mbhc 
W  artillery,  to  Kev  West, 


Chap.  IX.] 


DEFEAT  OF  MAJOR  DADE. 


77 


m 


I'aro  battery  of  two  twelve-ponnders,  and  such  stores  as  co\iId  be  serviceable ; 
and  al  li  o'clock,  on  24th,  the  coinpanics,  Gardintr''s  and  Frazier%  made  filly 
luivoniis  each,  by  dcitails  from  those  companit-s  remaining  henj,  and  witii  oiio 
ot'tlie  two  six-poiindei-s  of  this  post  with  four  oxen,  1  had  ordcncd  to  bo 
nurcliasL'd,  one  light  wagon  and  ten  days'  provisions  were  put  in  march. 

"  flie  tirst  halt  of  this  command  was  at  Little  llillsboro'  Hiver,  seven 
iiiilos  liom  this  post,  the  bridge  of  which  I  had  reconnoitred  by  Indians  of 
i'mi/Wc's  band  the  day  before.  From  this  I  heard  from  31aj.  Dade  pressing 
iiie  tu  liuward  the  six-pounder,  l)y  all  means,  it  having  been  left  by  the  tiiiluro 
i,i  the  team  Ibiu-  miles  out.  I  accordingly  ordered  the  purchase  of  three 
lii,rs,,s  and  harness,  and  h  jouicd  the  column  at  nine  that  night.  On  the 
iils;ht  of  the  24tli,  I  heard  that  the  transj)ort  with  Maj.  Mountfurd  and  com- 
pany, long  and  anxiously  expected,  was  in  the  bay.  I  sent  at  one  o'chjck  a 
letii'r  to  iiim,  (received  at.  day-ligiit)  by  an  Indian  express,  urging  liirn  on. 
Ih.  landed  with  his  strong  company  on  the  25th  about  noon,  and  infljrmed 
iiie  tnat  Legate's  company,  under  Lieut.  Graijson,  nearly  full,  nuist  be 
uear  at  hand.  Of  this  Rlaj.  Dade  was  informed  by  a  gallant  volunteer, 
Jeite//,  t!  company,  2d  artillery,  who  had  left  the  detachment  with  the  newa 
ot'tlie  burning  of  iJig  llillsboro'  bridge,  near  which  Maj.  Z>.  had  halted  tiie 
sccdiiil  diiy,  25th.  I  also  informed  him  that  I  was  using  every  exertion  to 
piisii  on  about  thirteen  hundred  rations  on  pack-horses,  with  what  anununi- 
tiuu  loidd  be  spared.  A  duplicate  of  this  was  sent  the  next  day  by  a  young 
liuliaii,  who  became  lame  and  could  not  overtake  the  column,  and  returned 
iviili  liis  letters.  Pr.  Jewell  joined  Maj.  Dade  about  11  o'clock  on  the  night  of 
llic  ','5tli. 

'In  the  chain  of  events,  it  is  proper  that  I  should  mention,  that  three 
Talliiliassee  Indians  came  in  on  the  evening  of  the  22il,  and  caused  great 
exciieuieut  in  Itolase  Einatlda's  camp.  They  brought  a  talk  of  Inicanopas 
of  a  pacific  or  neutral  character,  or  they  attected  it ;  but  I  believe  not  dis- 
tinctly, until  after  I  'md  made  them  prisoners,  while  in  full  council  with 
EmilikCs  warriors,  wnich  step  I  considered  imperative,  if  they  were  spies, 
and  as  much  so  if  they  were  charged  with  any  {jropositions  likely  to  detach  the 
cliieis  tioiii  the  treaty  ;  or  indeed  by  an  act  of  self-devotion,  to  take  the  scalps 
of  EmatMa,  Black  Dirt,  and  Big  Warrior,  faithful  chiefs,  who  have  been 
liunitd  in  this  way  since  the  scal|»ing  of  Charles  Emathla.  In  a  cpimcil  with 
Ematldit  that  night,  Maj.  Dade  expressed  every  confidence  in  Indian  charac- 
ter; and  particularly  upon  the  salutary  influence  of  Abraham  upon  Micanopa. 
On  roti  ■('lion  I  detained  two  of  the  im|)risoned  Tallidiassees,  as  hostages,  and 
siiit  tiie  youngest  and  best  runner  with  letters  to  General  Clinch,  and  (ieneral 
Tkmpson,  via  Inicanopa,  as  I  could  do  no  better,  and  of  course,  through 
AMiaiii's  lands. 

•Tli's;;  letters  of  course  involved  many  details;  but  nmnbers  and  other 
llicts,  10  guard  against  treachery,  were  slated  in  French.  The  rimner  retiu'iied 
two  days  beyond  his  time,  witii  a  message  from  Jlhraham  and  Broken  Sticks, 
staiiiij;  my  talk  was  good,  and  that  1  might  ex[)ect  him  on  the  30th.  This  we 
freely  leiidered  that  he  would  be  at  the  attack  fixed  for  Cliristmas  week. 
Ani'gro,  his  intimate,  named  Harry,  controls  the  Pea  Creek  band  of  al)out  a 
liiiiidad  warriors,  forty  miles  south-east  of  us,  who  have  done  most  of  the 
iiii»elii>  (',  a:id  keep  this  post  constantly  obs  M-ved,  and  commimicate  with  the 
Miekasiikians  at  VVythlacoochee  by  means  of  powerful  bands  of  Eufbllahs 
m\  Alatieis,  under  Little  Cloud,  and  the  Alligator.  In  tracing  Maj.  Dade's 
niiniin  iits,  1  have  every  reason  to  believe  that  he  made  on  the  2(3th  six 
mils,  2?tli  to  Big  VVythlacoochee ;  on  tlie  tiilli  day,  28th,  to  the  battle-ground, 
sixty-tive  miles. 

'Here  it  may  be  proper  to  state  that  Maj.  Mountford's  command  was  ready 
to  move  on  the  20tli  but  the  transport,  in  which  was  a  comj)any  of  the  2d 
anillciy  under  Lieut.  Grayson,  uniiutimately  entered  the  wrong  bay,  and 
got  iiito  shoal  water,  and  was  not  seen,  or  certaiidy  heard  of,  till  the  morning 
oftlie'2»tli  of  December,  when,  by  sending  a  party  with  a  flag  as  a  signal, 
l.i'Mt.  (Irayson  was  put  in  possession  of  instructions,  and  Itmded  his 
ciiiipaiiy  at  a  i)oiiit  Ibiu'  miles  west  of  us,  on  the  east  side  of  Tampa  Bay 
(l>i'cpfrl  and  joined  at  sunset  that  evening ;  his  transport  did  not  get  round  to 
7* 


S.af»(tftT>      .      J,   3 


.4    *■■■     •  *^       rt    iC'-y 


It. 


>     (!'■(■"•■■        •  I     ' 

,  -..^  ■       .>!-,, 

"■'  ■  i!'    is*'  I 

|fil'  '     ■-iq\ 
:  ■  r  '      -'AtX 

11.'  !"><;; ".wi  '■"4n, 

:  ;>•,      ■ ''■<'i?''?j-  ?  *  vtvi'i 

.'.-'N-.iH^I,  •;>-?.'.. -..I 


IV    -1' 


'■'I     .  'l.'i'  Stl 


m':m 


78 


DEFEAT  OF  MAJOR  DADE. 


[Book  IV 


land  liis  baggage  till  tho  30ih  ;  so  long  an  interval  as  to  put  all  hop»>  of  ;„, 
tion  out  of  tiio  <|UOKtiun,  anri  Maj.  Mountford^a  baggagn  was  imiudcd. 

"Now  it  iK'conies  my  ninlariclioly  di.ty  to  procet;d  to  tlio  cntiLstroplK.  of,]' 
fated  band,  an  olito  of  energy,  patriotism,  military  skill,  and  couraijc.  o,,  ||  ^, 
2{)th,  in  tlie  atl(<rnoon,  a  man  of  my  (;onij)any,  John  Thomas,  and  teiiipdniin'' 
translerred  to  C  company,  second  artillery,  came  in,  and  yesterday  Pr.  /;,(„„/ 
Clark,  of  same  company,  with  four  wounds  very  severe,  and  stated,  timt  ,7 
action  took  place  on  tlie  ^Htli,  commencing  about  10  o'clock,  in  wliirh  ,.v,.J 
officer  fell,  and  nearly  every  man.  Tlic  connnand  entrenched  every  iiiirJ 
and  about  four  miles  from  the  halt,  were  attacked,  and  received  at  leiist  titi",,! 
rounds  belbre  an  Indian  was  scai.  Maj,  Daile  and  his  horse  were  both  killci 
on  the  first  onset,  and  the  hiterpreter,  ^  Louis.^  I-iieut.  jlfiM/|fii'e,  third  artilhrv 
receiv(^(l  his  mortal  wound  the  tirst  fire,  and  afterwards  received  Severn!  oilu'r 
wounds.  Lieut.  Basenger,  third  artillery,  was  not  woimded  till  iithr  ti,,. 
second  attack;  and,  at  the  latter  part  of  that,  he  was  wounded  several  limc' 
before  he  was  tomahawked.  Capt.  Gardiner,  secnid  artillery,  v/uh  nm 
wounded  until  the  second  attack,  and  at  the  last  i)art  of  it.  Mr.  liami^cr 
afler  Capt.  Gardiner  was  killed,  remarked,  "lam  the  only  oflicer  Irfl ;  ami' 
boys,  we  will  do  the  best  we  can."  Lieut.  Keays,  third  aitillery,  had  ImiiIi 
aims  broken  the  first  shot ;  was  unable  to  act,  an(I  was  tcmiahawki.d  the  latiir 
part  of  the  second  attack,  by  a  negro.  Lieut.  Henderson  had  hiii  Itjfi  mn, 
broken  the  first  fire,  and  aflei  that,  witli  a  musket,  fired  at  least  thirty  or  tony 
shot.  Dr.  Gallin  was  not  killed  until  after  the  second  attack,  nor  was  he 
wounded ;  he  placed  himself  behind  the  breastwork,  and  with  two  doiihle- 
barrelled  guns,  said,  "he  had  four  barrels  for  then;."  Capt.  i^aiter  fell  cnrly 
in  (he  action  with  the  advanced  guard,  as  a  man  of  his  company,  B  tliirj 
artillery,  who  came  in  this  morning,  wounded,  reports. 

"  On  the  attack  they  were  in  column  of  ;oute,  and  afler  receiving  a  heavy 
fire  from  the  unseen  enemy,  they  then  rose  up  in  such  a  swarm,  that  the 
ground,  covered,  as  was  thought,  by  light  infimtry  extension,  showed  the 
Indians  between  the  files.  Muskets  were  clubbed,  knives  and  bayonets  used 
and  parties  were  clenched ;  in  the  second  attack,  our  own  men's  muskets 
from  the  dead  and  wounded,  were  used  against  theni ;  a  cross-fire  cut  dowu 
a  succession  of  artillerists  at  the  fence,  from  which  forty-nine  roiuuls  were 
fired;  the  gun-carriages  were  buriit,  and  the  guns  sunk  in  a  pond;  a  war- 
dance  was  held  on  the  ground.  Many  negroes  were  in  th.e  field,  but  no  scalps 
were  taken  by  the  Indians;  but  the  negroes,  with  hellish  cruelty,  jjiercedthe 
throats  of  all,  whose  loud  cries  and  groans  showed  the  power  of  life  tc  Iw 
yet  strong.  The  survivors  were  preserved  by  imitating  death,  exocpiini} 
Thomas,  who  was  partly  stifled,  and  bought  bis  life  for  six  dollars,  and  in  liis 
enemy  recognized  an  Indian  whose  axe  he  had  helved  a  few  days  before  at 
this  post.  About  one  iiiindred  Indians  were  well  mounted,  naked,  and 
painted.  The  last  man  who  can>e  in  brought  a  note  from  Capt.  Frazitr, 
addressed  tc  Maj.  Mountford,  which  was  fastened  in  a  cleft  stick,  and  stuck  in 
a  creek,  dated,  as  is  supposed,  on  27tli,  stating  that  they  were  beset  every 
night,  and  pushing  on. 

F.  S.  Belton,  Capt.  2d  Millerij." 

Such  was  the  fate  of  Major  Dade  and  his  gallant  companions.  Osceola  y/m 
present,  as  was  the  old  chief  Micanopy.  Of  the  latter,  it  is  said,  he  had,  in 
the  begituiing  of  the  troubles,  avowed  that  he  loould  neither  leave  his  country, 
nor  wouiJ  he  Jight ;  but  when  the  force  under  Major  Dade  ajiproached  his 
town,  he  altered  his  resolution,  seized  his  rifle,  and  shot  that  officer. 

The  situation  of  affiiirs,  at  this  i)eriod  cannot  better  be  described  than  in  the 
language  of  a  gentleman  attached  to  Major  Mountford's  command,  stationed  at 
Fort  Brooke,  and  is  contained  in  a  letter,  dated  on  the  first  day  of  the  year  ;- 
"  We  are,"  says  he,  "  really  in  the  theatre  of  war  of  the  most  horrible  kiiiJ. 
We  arrived  here  on  Christmas  day,  and  foiuid  the  inhabitants  flying  in  froir.  all 

3uarter8  to  camp.  Major  Dade,  with  seven  officere  and  110  men,  started,  the 
ay  before  we  arrived,  for  Yort  King.  We  were  all  i)repared  to  overtake 
thetn  the  next  day,  and  were  upon  the  eve  of  departure,  when  an  intervention 
of  cucumstaiices  deferred  it  for  one  day ;  and,  in  the  course  of  that  day,  three 


f^'V':H 


[Book  IV. 

put  all  hop«  of  jiiiic- 
viiH  imlmlcd. 
:lin  cntiLstroplie  ol'tliijj 
imd  couruiji'.    On  i||,, 
)»i(M,  iiml  ttMiipomiilv 

ycHti'i-ilay  Pr.  H(inn(i'in 
■{',  and  Htatt'd,  tlmt  im 
'cioi-k,  ill  wliich  every 
treiiclicd  every  ini;lit, 
•tjceived  at  least  tit'tei  n 
Ijorsc  were  both  killed 

Mwl^t,  third  artilh  ry, 

r(!ceived  several  mlier 
vounded   till  at\er  the 
vouiulcd  several  limes 
lid    artillery,  v;as  net 
t  of  it.     Mr.  liasenirrr, 
!  only  officer  lel\ ;  mi(( 
lird  aitillcry,  Inul  Imtli 
I  tomahawked  tiie  Iiukt 
lerson  had  his  luft  unii 
[I  at  least  thirty  or  forty 
ind  attack,  nor  was  liu 
,  and  with  two  doiilile- 

Ca[)t.  Frazitr  fell  curly 
)f  his  conipany,  li  third 

after  receiving  a  lieiivy 
such  a  swann,  tiiat  the 
extension,  showed  tlio 
lives  and  bayonets  used, 
jur  own  intni's  muskets 
n  ;  a  cross-fire  cut  down 

forty-nine  rounds  were 
sunk  in  a  pond ;  a  war- 
n  tlie  field,  but  no  scalps 
dlisli  cruelty,  pierced  the 

the  power  of  life  to  te 
itating  death,  excepting 
[for  six  doUai-s,  and  in  his 
ved  a  few  days  before  at 
1  mounted,  naked,  ami 
note  from  Cajit.  Frazkr, 
„  cleft  stick,  and  stuck  in 
It  they  were  beset  every 

|oN,  CapL  2d  Artilknjr 

pmpanions.  Osceola  was 
[ter,  it  is  said,  he  had,  m 
I  neither  leave  his  country, 
lor  Dacle  approached  his 
liot  that  officer. 

•  be  described  than  m  the 
-/'s  command,  stationed  at 
le  fii-st  day  of  the  year  :- 
If  the  most  horriljle  ktnJ. 
labitanls  flying  u>fi""'f' 
Lid  110  men,  started,  the 
fall  prepared  to  overtake 

ure,  when  an  intervention 
course  of  that  day,  three 


CHAf.  IX  ] 


VISIT  TO  DADE'S  nATTLH-GROUND. 


79 


soldiers,  horribly  mangled,  cam«!  into  camp,  niid  brought  the  .'elanclioly  tid- 
jii(rs  that  Major  Dnde  and  every  officer  and  iiiaii,  cxct-pt  tlnMiisilves,  wcro 
nnirdiii'd  and  terribly  mangled.  We  arc  ut  work,  night  and  day,  eiitreiicliing 
oiii'si  Ives  in  every  possible  manner.  VVc  expect  every  moment  to  be  attacked, 
(y  the  wivages  liavt;  swoni  vvt;  should  all  be  mi;ssaered  befon;  tho  (ith  of  Jan- 
uary. VVe  are  only  about  200  strong,  with  ollieers  and  men,  and  alioiit  .'tO 
i,|(izeiis,  and  100  fri(;iidly  Indians,  under  their  chief,  JHack  Dirt.  The  savages 
are  said  to  number  4000!" 

Alter  the  arrival  of  (jleneral  (Inincs  in  Florida,  b(^  ordered  a  detachiiHnit, 
iimhr  Captain  Hilchrock,  to  visit  the  battle-ground  of  Major  Dail::  And  when 
liC  Imd  |)erl(>rmed  his  oidera,  ho  gave  the  ilillowiiig  report  of  that  distressing 
jjieciacle.  His  report  is  dated  "Fort  King,  Florida,  vY'b.  22,  lf<:}(l,"  and  is 
•iddressed  to  Ceneral  Gaines,  as  follows: — "Agreriddy  to  your  directions,  I 
oliserveil  the  Imttle-ground,  six  or  seveu  miles  north  of  the  Ouithlecooclu!  riviT, 
rtiieiv  Major  Dade  and  his  command  were  destroyed  by  the  Hemiuolo  Indians, 
ontlie"-irt  Dec.  last,  and  have  the  honor  to  subcit  the  liillowing  report  : — 

"The  f()rc(!  under  your  command,  which  arrivtul  ai  this  post  lo-day  from 
Taiiijia  Hay,  encamped,  on  the  night  of  the  lOtli  inst.,  on  the  ground  occupied 
In  Major  Dade  on  the  iiigl  '.  of  fb(!  27tli  of  Dtu'crnbi-r.  He  and  his  party  were 
(listroyed  on  the  morning  of  lim  28th  December,  about  four  miles  in  advance 
ul'lliat  position.  He  was  advancing  tovvards  ''  is  post,  and  was  attackiul  from 
,lie  north,  so  that  on  the  20tli  instant  we  cam  the  reu"  of  Ids  battle-ground, 

atwi't  iiiiic  o'clock  in  the  morning.  0(U'  a  aiiced  guard  had  passed  the 
found  without  iialting,  when  the  General  imd  his  staff  came  upon  one  of  the 
niost  ai)palliiig  scenes  thai  can  bo  imagine(!.  We  first  saw  some  broken  and 
jfatteied  boxes ;  then  a  cart,  the  two  oxen  of  which  wore  lying  dcjad,  as  if 
they  had  fallen  asleep,  their  yokes  still  on  them  ;  a  little  to  the  right,  one  or 
two  i]>  i^es  were  seen.  We  then  came  to  a  small  enclosure,  made  by  felling 
tries  in  such  a  manner  as  to  form  a  triangular  breastwork  for  defence.  With- 
in the  triangle,  along  the  north  and  west  faces  of  it,  were  about  thirty  bodies, 
•nostly  mere  skeletons,  although  much  of  the  clothing  was  left  up(ui  them. 
These  were  lying,  almost  every  one  of  them,  in  jirecisely  the  position  they 
must  have  occupied  during  the  fight, — their  heads  next  to  the  logs  over  which 
they  had  didivered  their  fire,  and  their  bodies  stretched,  with  striking  regular- 
itv,  [larallel  to  each  other.  They  had  evidently  been  shot  dead  at  their  posts, 
and  the  Indians  had  not  disturbed  them,  except  by  taking  the  scaljis  of  most 
of  them.  Passing  this  'ittle  breastwork,  we  found  other  bodies  along  the 
road,  and  by  the  side  of  the  road,  generally  behind  trees,  which  had  been 
resorted  to  lor  covers  from  tr  a  enemy's  fire.  Advancing  about  two  hundred 
yards  further,  we  found  a  cKister  of  bodies  in  the  middle  of  the  road.  These 
wer.'  evidently  the  advanced  guard,  in  the  rear  of  which  was  the  body  of 
Major  Dade,  and,  to  the  right,  that  of  Capt.  Fraser. 

'Thes*  were  all  doubtless  shot  down  on  the  firet  fire  of  the  Indians,  except, 
perhaps,  ( 'apt.  Fraser,  who  must,  however,  have  fallen  very  early  in  the  fight. 
Those  ill  the  road,  and  by  the  trees,  fi'll  during  the  first  attack.  It  was  duritig 
a  CI  ssalioii  of  the  fire,  that  t!ie  little  band  still  remaining,  about  thirty  in  num- 
ber, threw  up  the  triangular  breastwork,  wliich,  from  the  haste  with  which  it 
was  constructed,  was  necessarily  defective,  and  could  not  protect  the  men  in 
the  second  attack. 

"We  had  widi  us  many  of  the  personal  friends  of  the  officers  of  Major 
Dtt'k^s  eoniniand  ;  and  it  is  gratifying  to  be  able  to  state,  that  every  officer  was 
identified  by  undoubt(;d  evidence.  They  were  buried,  and  the  cannon,  a  six- 
pounder,  that  the  Indians  had  thrown  into  a  swamp,  was  recovered,  and  placed 
vertically  ut  the  head  of  the  grave,  where,  it  is  to  be  hoped,  it  will  long  remain. 
The  hociiesof  the  non-commissioned  officere  and  privates  were  buried  in  two 
graves;  and  it  was  found  that  every  man  was  accounteil  for.  The  command 
was  composed  of  eight  officers,  and  one  hundred  and  two  non-commissioned 
officers  and  privates.  The  bodies  of  eight  officers  and  ninety-eight  men  were 
interred, — four  in«(i  having  escaped,  three  of  whom  reached  Tampa  Bay  ;  the 
fourth  w!Ls  killed  the  day  after  the  battle, 

"  It  may  b  •  projier  to  observe,  that  the  attack  was  not  made  from  a  ham« 
mock,  hut  in  a  thinly- wooded  country  ;  the  Indians  being  concealed  by  palmetto 
oud  grass,  which  has  since  been  b'lrned. 


F'ti<?>M 


mm 

i|fi 


f 

ft- 


\    ^^^  ^ 


^:^^k^^' 


80  PRINCIPAL  SKMINOLE  CHIEFS.  [Booj  IV 

"  Tlin  two  cotnjiimicjH  were  dipt.  Fr(txrr\t,  of  tlui  lid  »rtill(>ry,  niiil  C 


Gnrdimi 


npl 


'inir\i,  of  \\h'.  'jd  artillrry.  'I'lic  otllcrrs  wen?  Miijor  Ihtdr,  of  ili,.  i.i 
inliintrv,  <  'ajitx.  I'Vdztr  iiiid  (Jiiriliiirr,  sfcoiid  liitMilniaiit  Htmlnirtr,  lirrvct  scciin  | 
Jiicut.  /^  Hcnilerson,  .ytuiige  [lutt)  of  iJoHtoii]  and  A'taia,  of  tin;  aiiilltrv  ;in  i 
Dr. y.  S.  (iatlin."  _  ' '     ' 

l''rum  a  (•oiii|mri.><nii  of  tlio  al)ovo  n'nort  witli  tlin  oflicial  accdiint  lici;,,.,, 
given,  of  ("a|itaiii  lifUon,  nearly  every  tiling'  eonceriiiiif;  this  Ni<fiiallv  i.'i|.,r 
<li,sa.stiT  is  learned  ;  liiil  from  the  rejiort  of  the  tlu'ee  men  that  liad  the  !<iii"ii|(||. 
fortune  to  e.sea|)i',  many  ineideiits  liave,  from  time  to  time,  l»een  pitlicn  il",,,,,! 
comninnieated  tliroii<{h  tiie  newspaiiens.  In  fact,  imtil  the  late  visit  to  ihi. 
battle-frnunid,  no  other  aeconnt,  lint  sueli  as  eoidd  he  fijathered  )i-om  the  tin,,, 
poor  half-mnrdertid  soldiers,  could  he  ol»tain<'d  ;  and  yet  it  appears  tliat  |||,,^ 
gave  the  liirts  as  they  really  were.  They  all  canio  in  separateiy,  sonfv 
wonnded, — one  of  them  with  no  less  than  eijfht  wonnds.  lit;  was  snppo.siil  ||, 
1)0  dead,  and  was  tin-own  promisenonsly  into  a  heap  of  the  slain,  aliout  wliiili  ^ 
dancc!  was  lield  hy  the  Indians,  hefore  leaving  tiie  ground.  This  nuui  crawhil 
away  in  the  folluwing  night,  und  thus  otfccted  liis  uscupe. 


■^fiifes- 


CIIAPTER  X. 

Of  the,  jirineipal  chiefs  and  war  leaders  of  the  Scminohs — Osci;oi.a — MirANofy— 
JuMri-.u — Massacre  of  General  ThompBon  avd.  others  at  Fort  Kim; — Katti.k  ny 
TUF  ()i'rmi.Kroorii>; — Fiirht  near  Wrluinha — Great  distress  of  the  coiintni — :kii(,n 
of  Consrress  upon  it — Battle  at  Musquito — Many  Creeks  join  the  Sciniitules—t'ii'k 
on  the  Suunec  River. 

There  has  been  occasion  already  pretty  fuily  to  sketch  l.le  clinracter  of  the 
chief  ifenerally  called  Powell  by  the  whites,  but  whoso  real  name  is  Osceola, 
or  Ostoln.  This  chief  has  shown  himself  to  be,  thus  far,  equal  to  the  despciate 
cause  in  which  he  is  engaged.  We,  at  a  distance  from  the  Indians,  nmrvcl 
that  they  should  be  so  short-sighted  as  not  to  see  that  to  wage  a  war  is  only  to 
hasten  their  ruin  ;  but,  when  we  thus  reflect,  we  do  not  consider  the  scimty 
information  which  the  Indians  have  of  the  real  strength  of  the  whites.  OnV 
means  (if  getting  a  knowledge  of  the  Indians,  is  incalculably  greater  tliaii  tliiim 
is  of  getting  a  knowledge  of  us.  They  caiuiot  read,  neither  can  tliey  eom(,-st' 
(or  but  very  few  of  them)  whb  inteiligeut  white  int>n  ;  thereliire,  that  tiny 
know  much  less  of  us  than  we  do  of  them,  must  be  very  apparent.  Tiny 
know  nothing  of  geograjihy.  If  an  Indian,  in  the  interior  of  Floridn,  slionllj 
be  told  that  New  England  was  a  great  place,  without  considerahle  inmlije  he 
could  not  he  made  to  understand  whether  it  were  a  great  town,  as  lMri;(Misii 
village  of  50  wigwams  in  his  own  country,  or  as  large  as  the  whole  of  Floiidii. 
We  learn  (>very  thing  of  this  nature  by  comparison  ;  and  how  shall  the  hidiiiii 
comprehend  our  terms,  btit  by  comparing  them  with  his  own  ?  Hence  it  is 
owing,  mainly,  to  the  unavoidable  ignorance  of  the  Indians  of  our  actual  cmi- 
dition,  that  induces  them  to  hn/ard  a  war  with  us.  I  knoAV,  from  tlie  hm 
authority,  that  tiie  western  Indians,  previous  to  Black  Hawk's  war,  were  m- 
erally  of  the  opinion  that  they  were  far  more  niiinerous  than  the  whites;  and 
when  a  trader  told  thetn  they  certaiidy  were  not,  they  laughed  at  liini  with 
scornful  gestures.  We  have  no  reason  to  believe  the  Florida  Indians  any 
better  informed  ;  and,  besides,  they  are  cheated  and  baffled  so  of>en  i)y  knaves 
who  go  among  them  for  that  purpose,  that  they  imagine  all  the  whites  to  lie 
of  the  same  character,  and  they  cannot  tell  whether  a  talk  really  comes  tioiii 
their  gnjat  father,  the  ]iresident,  or  whether  some  impostor  be  cheating  them 
with  one  of  his  own,  to  get  their  lands  for  his  particular  benefit. 

With  this  view  of  the  case  before  us,  it  will  not  appear  altogether  tuiac- 
cotuitahle  that  a  daring  chief,  like  Osceola,  should  engage  in  a  war.  He  is  said 
not  to  be  a  chit  f  by  birth,  hut  has  raised  himself  by  his  courage  and  iiectiliar 
abilities  to  that  station.    His  father  is  said  to  have  "been  an  Eugiishiuaii,  and 


?tch  l.«e  clinracter  of  tlie 
!  reul  iimiic  is  Osukola, 
ir,  equul  to  tin-  dcspi'iaic 
roiu  the  Iiuliaiis,  iimvvel 
to  wast;  ii  ^var  if*  (nily  to 
not  coiiHidfr  \\w  scanty 
igtli  of  the  wliiti'S.    Our 
al)iy  greater  than  tlii'ii's 
either  eaii  they  eoimw' 
(>ii;  therelore,  tliat  tipy 
10  very  apparent.    Tiny 
iterior  of  Florida,  slinuld 
eousith'rahle  Iniuhic  lie 
great  town,  as  1mvj:i>  as  a 
as  the  whole  of  riitriiki. 
ami  how  sliall  the  Iiuliau 
,  his  own  ?    llt'i"'^'  it  IS 
ulians  of  our  actual  cnn- 
I  know,  from  the  hest 
.  Hawk's  war,  were  sol- 
us than  the  whites;  anil 
,ey  laughed  at  hiiii  with 
the  Florida  Indians  any 
_)uffled  so  often  hv  knaves 
gine  all  the  whites  to  he 
a  talk  really  conies  trom 
postor  be  cheating  them 
lar  V)enefit. 

annear  altogether  iinac- 

Ueu.awar.    Ue  is>m'l 

his  courage  and  peculiar 

een  an  Englishman,  and 


CMif.  X]         MASSACRE  OF  GKNEllAL  THOMPSON  AND  OTHERS.  81 

lii.1  iiiellier  II  Creek  woman.  lie  bidongH  to  the  Red  SStiek  triiie.  In  perNoti 
In'  is  sli'iider,  liiit  wi'll  formed,  muscular,  and  eapalile  ol'  rnduriiig  great 
faii'Mie;  is  a  'Xctdlent  tactician,  and  an  admirer  of  order  and  discipline.  Ilo 
vtoiihl  Ireipicntly  practise  military  mano'iivres  with  the  whiles,  and  none  of 
thciu.  it  was  ol)serv(!(l,  could  excel  him.  His  complexion  is  rather  light,  deep 
rt?tless  eyes,  clear  and  shrill  xoiee,  and  not  more  than  alioiit  ^il  years  of  ag«;. 
Ilr  is  suid  to  have  cundiicted  in  person  esery  important  action  trom  the  tiinu 
nt' /fdnf/r*  defeat  to  the  hatlle  of  the  Oiiithlecoochee.  (jieiieral  Thoinjisdn 
iiiiiirisdiied  him,  as  w«,'  have  hel'ori!  related,  because'  lu!  wtnild  not  ackiiowl- 
,,|,ii' Ills  aiilhorily,  and  tor  asserting  that  tin;  country  was  the  Indians',  'Mliat 
tliiv  Wiiiiti'd  no  age.it,  and  that  he  had  better  take  care  of  himself." 

Of  old  .l/i<v/;i'>/>i/ as  well  as  Oaicola  I  iiave  already  had  occasion  to  speak. 
||,.  wius  saiil  to  have  joined  the  latter  with  ."iUO  men  :  he  is  a  short,  lliick-set, 
»iiir|v-liii>kiiig  Indian,  and  iniicli  given  to  intoxication."  Jlmi'KU  is  .Y/tcafio- 
Di/,/iliii'l'  <"oiins»dlor,  and  a  warrior  of  great  pc  i*severance,  activity,  and 
'niira;:e.  We  shall  now  take  up  the  narrative  of  events  in  the  ordtir  of  their 
oiMiiTi'iice,  and  the  next  of  imporlance  was  the  massacre  near  ('ain|)  King, 
hIik'Ii  liiippeiied  on  the  same  day,  iiut  ut  u  later  Jioiir  thuu  the  destruction  of 
[he  (Iciaclinient  under  Major  Ihtde. 

Osnola,  it  will  be  remembered,  bad  Ihh'Ii  roughly  treated  at  this  place,  not 
many  iikhiiIis  before,  and  bad  been  by  coercion  obliged  to  comply  with  the 
Joiiiaii(is  ot"  Mr.  Agent  Tliuin/ison,  about  a  removal,  ^e.  He  was  i^oown 
uiniwanls  to  declare  that  Tliuinfison  should  pay  with  bis  life  lor  bis  conduct. 
Acniriliiigly,  with  a  small  band  of  warriors,  at  noon  day,  on  the  ^8  of  Deceni- 
inr,  III' ii|'P'"'"""'"^'''  C^ui|»  King  ibr  this  avowed  purpose.  Thompson  resided 
;,w,  aiai  "as  in  the  emfiloy  of  the  I  iiited  States'  government,  as  agent  for 
till'  niiioval  of  the  Seminole  Indians,  and  other  atliiirs  concerning  them.  Ho 
was  a  Mian  of  (considerable  consecpieiice,  anil  had  tbrmerly,  it  is  believed, 
litM'ii  a  iiieniber  of  congress.  ^Vhether  it  was  bis  usual  custom  to  dine  out 
of  the  fort,  we  are  not  intbrmen,  but  on  this  tatal  day,  it  seems,  lie,  with  nine 
other  ueutieinen,  met  at  the  store  house  of  3lr.  Rogers,  which  was  but  ^50 
yards  Iroin  the  fort,  and  while  seated  at  dinner  there,  they  were  attacked  by 
Osnola;  and  what  was  remarked,  at  the  time,  as  veiy  singular,  was,  that 
tluise  jieople  should  be  beset  and  slain,  and  all  scalped,  within  reach  ot"  two 
»L\-|iuiiik1  cannon  then  mounted  upon  the  fort,  which  was  garrisoned  with  50 
men;  but  siicli  are  the  facts  upon  record. 

y\i.  Rafters  was  silting  at  the  head  of  bis  table,  and  the  first  intimation  of 
tlie  jiicseiice  ol'  Indians  was  a  volley  of|  as  was  judged,  100  guns.  The  door 
of  the  house  being  open,  nothing  prevented  the  deadly  aim  of  the  foe,  who, 
alter  the  first  discharge,  rushed  ujion  the  house  with  savage  fury.  Those 
who  were  not  killed  jnm|»ed  out  of  the  whulows,  on  each  side,  and  lied;  live, 
who  ran  to  the  Ibrt,  escaped ;  the  others,  in  running  for  a  haninioek  near  by, 
were  !>hot  down.  The  negro  w  onian,  a  cook,  ran  behind  the  counter  and  hid 
kliiiui  u  barrel.  Osceola,  at  the  head  of  his  warriors,  rushed  into  the  ho^ise, 
but  (lid  not  discover  her,  and  immediately  h>ft  it.  The  names  ol'tlie  five  that 
were  killed,  were,  (ieneral  Thoinpsnu,  Lieutenant  Consiantiite  Smith,  Erastm 
Ro^m,  sutler,  a  3Ir.  .SVirg"^  and  Hitzler.  Firtecn  bullets  were  found  to  have 
been  shot  through  General  Thompson,  and  hi  through  Mr.  Rogers.  Their 
beads  were  scalped  all  over,  as  far  as  the  hair  extended. 

Bloody  events  now  followed  each  other  in  quick  sticcession.  We  have 
teen  that  upon  the  same  day  happened  the  two  massacres  last  related,  and 
foareeiy  had  the  news  of  them  ceased  vibrating  on  the  ear,  when  the  battle  of 
the  Uuitlilecoocbee  was  announced.  The  movements  of  ( Jeneral  Clinch,  in  the 
very  end  of  the  year  18.'J5,  brought  about  this  event,  which  will  ])reseiitly  lye 
detailed  in  his  own  words.  He  was  lying  in  garrison  at  F'ort  Drane,  a 
stoikadc  about  ,iO  miles  from  Cam|)  King.  He  had  here  a  jdantation,  upon 
which  Wius  a  large  crop  of  corn;  this  he  liberally  dealt  out  to  the  soldiers ; 
other  sujiplies  ha\  ing  tidied.  On  the  arrival  of  (ireneral  Call,  an  expedition 
was  iiiiiiadiately  set  on  foot  for  the  head-ijuarters  of  the  Indians. 

.■Vs  iiie  narrative  of  every  transaction  is  of  increased  importance  and  value, 
in  proportion  to  the  means  of  knowledge  and  veracity  of  the  narrator,  we  are 
always  led  to  a  desire  to  hear  the  history  of  such  transactions  from  the  very 


« 


i\ 


"»,  :>>'  *i' 


«^  ■    ;,f-    fl 

't  '...Ms  1 

'•     '  'D-r  ••■^. 

si;-     :» 


1 


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^  ■■■);■  ;''^  ''i' 

'  ■'  /»     '(■  '■.■*> 
"''I    i  'tit' 

■  '     v.-  Cr'    •  .,■ 

.-. I  .■'-.••  .',.  '',,,.; 
it.;.!;.;- '  ,■  M,:\ 


<i;n*,  ;■  V. 


85i 


lUTTi.i:  or  riir,  oi  iTiiF-KroociiK. 


(HOMK    IV 


arlnrn  in  tlinn  ;  Iti'ciiiisr,  Croiii  hih'Ii  Hniircfs,  we  Hcliloni  I'nil  (iCmrivih"  m  ii 
tnilli.     A  cnnmi.iiMltT  or  I.  ndcr  in  ii  liilll'  or  t\|»r(liiioii,  ii'  |ii>  uuiiM  v^j^i, . 

inisit'inTMciit  II  Iran.'.iiclioii,  nmhiIiI,  in  .Hcir nc  linn'  in  i\  iIioiimuhI,  (i,,,.,, . 

tlu  hu ;  lifcaiisc  all  his  jiillowfis,  or  al  Icnsi  all  iIhim-  \\ron;:t'(|  jn  „  nj^, 
Htalt'nit'nt,  wonid  riNc  in  iviijinrr  n;:ain^l  him.  I  need  not,  however  jini . 
prcliuM'il  (ifiicral  ( 'i.i.mii's  o//;Vi«/  anituiil  ol'llic  HAT'ri.i;  <•!  Ui  rnn.K.i  (kh  n.. 
with  thi'st;  oltHcrvationn,  l()r,  from  tiir  very  t!ic*>  of  it,  liiH  aim  at  iIm-  Mtiiiir.i 
veracity  is  apparent.  Miit  it  is  propir  tlint  we  know  how  to  \ahii'  ilic  ,,  ,i 
Homrcs  ol'history  ;  it  was  to  this  end  that  ihe  aho\c  ol>s<'r\atioiis  were  im,,!,. 
1  will  now  proceed  with  (ieneral  Clinch^a  iieconnl  ofliis  imitit;  with  (hnoln 

"  I  find  (^11  It  rl  lis,  Tnritorji  of  Florliln,  Fini  l)nini\  Jan.  4,  \ri'.Y^ 
"Sill — On  tlii'*il  nltinio,  liriyadier  (ien.  I'tiH.  fommandin^r  tlii' viiiiiin,.,.,,,. 
railed  into  serv  ire  liy  his  exeelleney,  ft.  It.  K  nl/iir,  aetin^'  ^'ovi  rnor  ol'  |'|,,||. 
(la,  tiirnied  u  junetion  with  the  re^ndar  troops  at  this  post,  and  iiiliiraiid  in,. 
that  hisconnnand  had  lieen  raisrd  to  meet  the  erisis  ;  that  most  ol'dn  irti  rmv 
oi'sirvice  Wduhl  expire  m  a  li'W  days,  wliieli  made  it  neeessurv  \i.) 
promjitly.  Twtt  larji;e  detachmeiils  wen;  sent  ont  on  tin 
Hoonr  the  eoimtry  on  our  ri^rht  and  lel\  tiank.  I.ieiit.  Ci 
three  eompaiiies  from  l''ort  Kin^%  arrived  on  the  '27lh  ;  and,  on  the  ''liiii,  n,,, 
detaelnniMit  iiavin<;  retiM'ned,  the  hi-i^^ade  of  mounted  \ohMiteers,  i'(iim|m»,|| 
ol"  the  Isl  and  'M\  iei;iments,  eonnnanded  iiy  IJrifr.  (ien.  (V;//,  andn  liaiinlliin 
ol'  ri';;iiia!'  troops  commanded  hy  l.ienl.  Col.  h'dintiiiu:,  look  np  tJu'  \\nv  nf 
march  for  ,1  point  on  the  Onitldceooche  river,  which  Nvas  represenicil  liv  mir 
pnides  as  I  einjj  a  ffood  lord.  About  I  o'clock  on  tin'  morning  oI'liic'tJM  \u\' 
Dec. I  aOer  leavinii;  all  otir  haf,';ja;;e,  provisions,  \ c,  protected  hy  ii  ir\\im\ 
oo:oii!:!!i(led  hy  liieiit.  Dtiiici/,  we  poshed  on  with  a  view  of  carr\in;j:  the  liml 
and  of  snr|)risin^  the  main  liody  of  the  Indians,  supposed  to  he  eoiiceMiniii'ij 
on  the  west  hank  of  iht^  river;  hut  on  reachinj;  it,  alioiit  day-liijhl,  we  foiiinl 
instead  of  a  ^ood  litrd,  a  dee|)  and  rapid  str(;ani,  and  no  means  of  crossin:.' 
oxeepl  in  an  old  and  (lama;i;e(l  canoe.  Lieut.  Col.  /•'cih/iih^'',  however,  soim 
miceeoded  in  crossiiif;;  the  rej{ular  troops  took  a  position  in  advance,  «ln|>! 
JJrijr,  (Jen.  Cull  was  actively  ei.^a<;ed  in  crossing,'  his  hrif^ade,  and  in  ImvinL' 
tlieir  horses  Bwam  over  the  river.  JJut  helitrt;  oiu'  half  had  crossed,  the  \m- 
talioii  of  regulars,  coiKsistinjj  of  ultoiit  Wi)  men,  wore  attacked  hy  the  cncmv 
who  wore  strongly  posted  in  the  swamp  and  scrnlt,  which  extended  froiiitliii 
river,  'riiiw  little  hand,  however,  aided  hy  Col.  ffarren,  Maj.  Coo/w,  mitl 
Lieut.  Yioman,  with  27  voliinteors,  mot  tiio  attack  of  a  savafft;  enemy,  iiciiiiy 
throe  times  their  ninnbor,  headccl  by  the  chief  ()skoi,.\,  with  Spartfin  valor. 
Tlio  action  lasted  nearly  im  hoiu',  during  w  Inch  time  the  troops  rniulc  tlim; 
Itrilliant  charges  into  the  swamp  and  scrub,  and  drove  the  enemy  in  every 
direction.  Ami  idter  the  third  cliin'ge,  although  iieiu-ly  one  third  of  tlnir 
niind)or  had  been  cut  down,  th(\v  W(M'e  ibund  sidliciently  rtrin  and  stciidy  tn 
Ibrtily  the  tbnnation  ol'a  new  line  of  l)attle,  wiiich  gave  entire  iirotectidii  lo 
tlie  flanks,  as  well  as  the  position  selected  for  rocrossing  th(>  troops,  iini;. 
Gen.  Call,  aller  using  every  etl()rt  to  induce  the  volunteers  remaining  dii  ilit 
ejust  bank,  wlion  the  action  commenced,  to  cros.s  the  river,  and  in  !in(iii;'iiii' 
tJie  troojiH  still  remaiinng  on  that  bank,  crossed  over  and  rendered  ini|uiit;int 
service  by  his  coolness  ami  judgment  in  arranging  part  of  his  corps  tm  ilie 
right  of  the  regulars,  which  gave  nnicii  strength  and  security  to  that  tiaiik. 
Col.  Fdnnwp;  displayed  the  greatest  tirinnoss  throughout  the  aotimi,  iiml 
added  nnicli  to  the  high  rei)ufation  long  since  establislied.  ('aptaiiis  [hint 
and  JMellon  exhibited  groat  bravery  and  judgment,  and  likewise  added  totlie 
character  they  acipiirod  in  the  late  war.  Nor  was  (^apt.  (/rt/f.s  waiitinj;  in 
firmiu'ss,  Capt.  H'm.  .)/.  (iralmm,  4th  infimtry,  was  li-arlessly  i)riiv(.',  iiiul 
althou;ih  very  severely  woimded  early  in  the  engagement,  continned  to  iiead 
his  company  in  the  most  gallant  niamier,  until  In;  received  another  srvtre 
wound,  when  lit;  was  taken  from  the  field.  His  brother,  Lieut.  Cnmpbdl  Gra- 
ham, <()imi)anding  the  adjacent  company,  was  likesvisi^  severely  woiiiiiM 
early  in  the  fight,  l)Ut  continned  with  his  men  until  another  woimd  foired 
him,  from  loss  of  blood,  to  retire  fi-om  the  field.  Lieut.  JMailland,  who  i'(iiii- 
mauded  a  conii)any,  contributed  much,  by  iiis  gallantry,  to  encourage  his  lueu. 


lipl-' 


IIK. 


lHooK  IV 


inil  ut'iirriviiii,'  at  iIih 
,  if  ln'  WKiild  wlsl,  tu 
III  II  tliiMiMiiiil,  ilnrr  til 
•  wrtiii^'fil  li\  a  iIiIm. 
il  nut,  lm\vi'\rr,  Iium. 
'.  iifOi  ri  iii.Ki  iMii  iim: 
I'lH  niiii  III  llir  stiii'ii'st 

Imw  Id  Miliii'  till'  riiil 
Hcrviitinns  wiTi'  iiiuiIm, 
A  Imlllc  with  (hniitii. 

Dninr,  Jan.  I,  \^'X, 
laiiirni;^'  tin'  vhIiiiiiii'im 
iiijr  ).'<»\t  riKir  ol'  I'liirl- 
|i(iHt,  anil  iiil'iiniii'il  mr 
lint  must  III' llii'ii' terms 
If    it    iiiTi'ssai-y  t\i  lu'i 
:iii    till-    ITiili  {\)i'i\\  1,1 
lit.  ( '•>).   luiiiiniiir,  \Mtli 
I ;  mill,  on  llir  'ilMli,  iln' 
I  volniitri'i's,  ciiiMiiiiMd 
'11.  Call,  mill  II  liatijilimi 
iif,  look  ii|i  llir  liiif  III' 
iviis  rr|irrsi'iii('il  lij  iiiir 
iiionriii^i'  iifilii'ltUt  [ill" 
.,  proti'iifil  liy  il  t'liiinl 
ic\v  ol'fiirrjiiij;  tlir  liiiij, 
iohimI  to  lit"  niiiri'iilniliil 
loiit  iliiv-lilllit,  \vi'  I'oiiiiil, 
il   no  niraiis  uri'ri)s>iiiL', 
Fannini!;,  Iiowrvrr,  sunn 
sitioii  in  mlviinrr,  \\\\\k 
liri^riiiii',  mill  in  liininL' 
all"  liatl  t'l-ossi'd,  tin-  luii- 
attackfil  l»y  tlir  riiniiy, 
jviiicli  »\\t«'nili'il  iVoiiiilii' 
'arren,  M«j.  Coo/'cc,  ainl 
1"  u  Hiivafiti  iMiciny,  luaily 
oi..\,  with  Siiaitiiii  valiir. 
1(1  till'  troops  iiiiiiii'  lliriT 
Irovc  till-  ciii'iny  in  fviry 
early  one  tliiril  of  llnir 
iitly  til"'"  '"I'l  siciiily  to 
liavii  piitiro  iinttcrtioii  lo 
issinfj;  the  tnu)|is.    Hrii;. 
iitocrs  romainini:  on  tlic 
river,  mid  in  iirniiiLnn:' 
and  rciidfi-i'd  iiiilinitiint 
jmrt  of  liis  I'dijis  on  ilie 
lid  HiMMirity  to  iliat  tliiiik, 
[ii««liont   tli'o   actiiui,  iiiiil 
ilislii'd.     Captains  Dmnt 
liiil  likewise  added  to  the 
Capt.  (;rt/fs  waiitiiiirin 
las  li'iirlessiy  brave,  iiiul 
liiieiit,  eontinnc'd  to  liwid 
Ireeeivrd  anotlier  severe 
In-r,  Lieut.  Vfimpbell  C.n- 

I  wise  severely  woiindra 

II  aiiotlif-r  wound  t'orreil 
lent.  MaUUtnd,  who  cmn- 
]-y,  to  encourage  his  men. 


P„^,,  x.i  HATTI  r.  OF  TIM'.  oiJiTiii.Kroofm:.  03 

IJi'iitK.  Tdlrof,  Ciifinw,  John  (tnihiim,  Itiilirilif,  (who  was  woiiiidei!  early  in  tlio 

I'liiiii,)  and  Hmoks,  all  displayed  piod  eonrajfo  and  eoohiiHi  lliri)ni;lioiii  tlio 

itimi.     WIh'ii  almost  every  noii-eonmiissionrd  ollieer  and   priviiie  r\liil(iii  d 

nil  llrmii''ss,  it  was  almost  iin|»ossili|e  to  diseriminate  Iteiween  ihein  ;  Init 

,  ,.  I'lMiiinandiiiff-p'nenil  eannot  williliold  iiis  liii;li  approlialion  of  jnd^inent 

iiiii  eniirap)  displayed  Itv  serp>aiit  Joliiimm  of  II  eompany,  third  iirlillery,  on 

ttliiiiii  the  eotnmanil  of    the   eompany  devolved,   iitVer    liient.   (intlmm  was 

niiiiiMil  from  the  lield  ;  mid  who,  althon^'ii  severely  wounded,  eontiniird  at 

llic  JH'iiil  of  the  company  till  the  action   was  over.     Also  of  Herjfeants  Kmliin 

;iiii|  liiijhii,  and  corporal  I'nfitI,  ith   infantry.     Ser^'emits  Smjliilil  and  I'dIIi r, 

1)  iDiiipany,  yd  artillery;  ser^'eant  .S'm»7/i,  (!  company,  first  artillery,  and  eor- 

,^,rii|  ('/i((/)iH,  (' company,  Mil  artillery.     Colonel  Jtihn  Unrmr,  commandant 

|,i  r  ;,iiiient  vohinteeis,  Maj.  ('oo/irr,  and   liient.  Yromnn  of  same  eorps,  xnIki 

liiiil  liiriiied  on  the  letl  (lank,  were  all  severely  wounded,  while  leiidiii<;  their 

lilil,.  Iiaiid  to   the  charj^e,  and   all    hehaved  with  cereal   liravery,  as  well   an 

iii||iiliiiil  PhillipH.     I.ieiii.  (,'ol.  Milh  displayed  frreat  eoolness  and   jiidfrmeiit 

jiinii;;  the  action,  and  in   recrossiiif,'  the  river  with  his  command,     liients. 

MfMMiViiiid  //i(/i/«r  of  the  2(1  rejjiiiient,  with  a  few  men  of  that  rej;iment,  wero 

iiiilirioiisiy  posted  on  the  rit;ht,aiid,  from  their  r-pnlation  tor  tirmni-ss,  would 

liiive  Liivi'ii  II  ;.^ood  account  of  the  e.iemy,  had  he  mad(;  his  iippeariinee  in  that 

i,ii,irier.    Col.   I'urkill,  of  th(!   I'',  vohmtei'rs,  who   perlitrmed  the  diilies  of 

ail{iiimit-^'eneral,  displayed   much   military  skill  and  tin;  utmost  coolne-s  ami 

iiiiirii!.'!'  lliroiiu;li(iiit   the   whole  action  ;   and    his   services  were  of  iIk;  first 

iiii|iiiiliiiici'.     Col.  AViV/,  inspector-f,'eneral,  disjilayed    much  (irmness,  hut   he 

liiiil  his  liiirse  shot,  and  receiv»!d  a  sli<{lit  wound  early  in  the  enpi};einint,  iiiiii 

WHS  sent  with  onhsrs  to  the  volunteers.     My  volunteer  aid,  ^Iaj.  Jti/lh,  and 

.Mii|.  Hiij'ii'il,  aid  to  Hrij;.  (Jen.  fVr//,  were  near  iik;  throiiirhout  the  action,  and 

ilisjiliiyeil  the  most   intrepid  eourajje  and  coolness.     Col.  J.  If.  Alrliilosh,  ttwii 

iil'my  aids,  and  IVIaj.  (lamlilc,  tM  to  d'en.  C<ill,  hoth  display(Ml  much  liriiinesH 

ami  II  III  III),'!  •,  and  were  actively  employed  on  the  Icll  Hank.     I  also  feel  it  due 

111  l.iiiit.  Col.  liitilcji,  (-apt.  Scott,  and    liient.   Culhlurl,  to  sny,  that,  aliliiMi:,'h 

llniictioii  was  nearly  over  het'ore  they  could  cross  the  river  with  a  liw  of  the 

'Jil  nL'iiiicnt,  they   took  a    judicious    position,   and  showed  much   linnness. 

i';i|it.  ")/«//,  of  the  same  corps,  was  entirely  employed  in  er(!ctin;(  a  teiiipora- 

rv  liriili'e,  and    manilist 'd   much  tirmn(>ss.     IMuch  credit  is  also  diii!  to  the 

miilii  il  ilc|)iirtnient,  composed  ol'  Doctors  H'ijrlilmnn,  Hamilton,  Randolph,  and 

IMan,  for  th  ir  activity  and  att(!iition  to  the  wounded. 

"The  time  of  si'rvic(;  of  tin*  volunteers  havin<,'  expired,  and  most  of  them 
liavini;  expressed  an  nnwilliii<rness  to  remain  lonirer  in  the  servici;,  it  was 
foiiMiien il  hest,  ath-r  removiiifr  thi;  dead  mid  takinj^f  cm«!  of  iIk!  wounded,  to 
niiirii  to  this  post,  which  we  reached  on  the  'M  instant,  without  tin-  leant 
iiiii'mi{ition,  and,  (Ml  the  tiillowiiiir  day,  the  volunteers  from  .Middle  l''l>>rida 
tiiik  up  till!  line  of  iMarch  for  'I'allahassee  ;  and  this  morniiif;  those  li-om  Kast 
riiiriiia  |M()ceedeil  to  their  respective  hoiiK^s,  leavimf  ine  a  very  few  men  to 
giiaril  tills  cvteiisive  frontier.  lam  now  fully  convinced  that  then;  has  heen 
aLTJit  ilet'iction  amoiiff  the  Florida  Indians,  mid  that  a  f,'reat  many  Creeks 
lia\c  iiiiiicd  with  them ;  consiuiiieiitly  it  will  retpiire  u  Htroiig  Ibrce  to  put 
tiriii  iliiwn. 

"lalso  have  the  lionor  to  enclose  you  ii  list  of  the  killed  and  wounded  of 
till'  r.  s|)eetive  regiments  and  corps.  I  am,  sir,  with  liigh  respect,  your  most 
olieJieiit, 

D.  L.  Clinch, 
Brevet  B.  Gmeml  U.  S,  Army,  Commanding. 
"R.  Jones,  Adjutant- General  U.  S.  Army" 

"Uetiirii  of  the  killed  and  woiiiiih'd  at  the  battle  of  the  Ouithlecoocho  on 
llii'^tlst  day  of  Deceiiiher,  IKJ."). — C  company,  1st  artillery,  Capt.  fS(des  vnm- 
miiiiiiiir— one  artitieer  killed;  I  corjioral  and  M  privates  wounded.  J)  com- 
piiny,'2il  artillery,  Ca|)t.  (S.  />rff;ie  commanding — 1  private  killed ;  I  second 
Liiiil.,  1  corporal,  and  \2  |)rivates  woiindiid.  F  com|mny,  '-2d  artillery,  ht. 
f|i|it.  .IMon  commanding — I  artificer  killed.  C  company,  -'{"I  artillery,  Jst 
Lieut.  Maitland  comiuanding — 1  aitificer  killed,  and  7  privates  woundeil.    U 


.  ■  I',*  "■,;,  ■•( 
-  V  \.- :.  ■■■,.',■'. 

.'>'.»■     •(      '■«,..« 


.  ''.i^t'-.ii!;'^ 


;  .11' 


if 


•f.u. 


84 


FIGHT  NEAR  WETUMKA. 


[Book  IV, 


as 


company,  3d  artillery,  Ist  Lieut.  C.  Graham  commanding — 1  private  killcH . 
1  first  Lieut.,  1  sergeant,  2  corporals,  and  12  |)rivates  wounded.  ' 

"Total — 4  killed,  and  52  wounded."  How  many  of  the  wouiulcd  t\\vA 
after  the  return  was  made  out,  I  caiuiot  ascertain  ;  but  no  doubt  niuiiv  did 
is  always  the  case.  The  loss  of  the  Indians  is,  as  usual  on  such  occasions 
variously  estimated.  Sonic  ti-ieudly  Indians  who  came  into  Taiiahussicp,  (.ai  I 
tliat  Osceola  lost  104  men,  and  was  himself  twice  wounded  duriug  tlie  Imtilt' 

There  were  with  (ieneral  Clinch,  as  guides  in  his  expedition,  three  or  lour 
Indians  of  the  wliite  party,  relatives  of  the  chief,  Charles  Omathla,  who  doubt, 
lees  rendered  eminent  service. 

Osceola  was  observed  foremost  of  all  his  men  hi  tliis  battle,  and  was  woll 
known  to  General  Clinch  and  many  of  his  men.  He  wore  a  red  belt  and 
three  long  featliers.  Having  taken  his  stand  behind  a  tree,  he  would  sttn 
boldly  out,  level  his  rifle,  and  bring  down  a  man  at  every  fire ;  nor  was  lie 
dislodged  until  several  volleys  from  whole  platoons  had  been  fired  u|)on  him 
The  tree  behind  which  he  stood  was  literally  cut  to  pieces.  It  is  almost  a 
wonder  that  he  had  not  now  uilfilled  the  measure  of  his  threat  made  on  a 
former  occasion,  which  was  to  kill  General  Clinch.  He  probably  tried  his 
best  to  do  it,  for  the  general  received  several  shots  through  his  clothts 
General  Thompson,  Charles  Omathla,  and  General  Clinch  were  the  tliret'  per- 
sons he  had  declared  vengeance  against. 

An  officer  in  General  Clinch's  army  wrote  the  next  day  afler  the  battle  to 
a  fiiciid  in  Washington,  "You  will  see  from  Gen.  Clinches  official  letter. 
(inning  an  account  of  the  battle,  that  he  says  nothing  of  himself.  I  was  in  this 
battle,  and  allov/  me  to  say  to  you  respecting  him,  what  I  saw  and  know  tn  he 
true.  Througiiout  the  engagement  he  was  in  the  hottest  of  the  fight.  Iji^ 
horse  was  shot  under  him  in  two  places,  neck  and  hip.  A  ball  passed  tlironiih 
hit'  cap,  entering  the  front,  and  passing  out  at  the  back  part  of  the  top.  An- 
other ball  passed  through  the  sleeve  of  tlie  bridle-arm  of  his  coat.  Tins  was 
my  first  battle,  and  I  may  not  be  the  best  judge,  l)ut  I  do  not  believe  that  am 
man  ever  displayed  more  intrepid  courage  than  Gen.  Clinch  did  on  this 
occasion.  At  one  moment  a  little  confusion  occurred  among  the  troops,  i;; 
consequence  of  some  soldiers  giving  the  word  "  Retire ! "  The  general 
immediately  threw  himself  in  front  of  the  men,  and  his  horse  stajrireriin; 
under  him,  he  dismounted,  advanced  to  tiie  front,  and,  amidst  a  shower  m' 
bullets  from  the  Indians,  said,  that  before  he  would  show  his  hack  tn  tlip 
enemy,  he  would  die  upon  the  field.  The  high  and  chivalric  bearing  of  the 
general  kindled  among  the  men  an  enthusiasm,  which,  I  believe,  was  never 
surpassed.  A  gallant  charge  followed,  which  routed  and  drove  the  eneniv 
from  the  field,  and  they  did  not  again  show  tlieinselves.  We  kejjt  the  tielll 
about  three  hours,  and  then  recrossed  the  river  in  good  order,  and  without 
disiiirbancc." 

The  next  events  which  occurred  were  not  of  so  much  moment  as  those 
immediately  preceding  them  ;  '>;it  it  is  our  duty  to  notice  all,  which  we  will 
do  in  the  order  of  time. 

On  the  12  January,  "Col.  Parish,  at  the  head  of  200  mounted  volunteers, 
composed  of  the  companies  of  Ctjit.  Alston,  Bellamy,  and  Caswell,  had  a  shiii|) 
encounter  with  a  largo  body  of  Indians  near  Wetiunka,  in  Middle  Floriila, 
The  attack  commenced  with  the  iidvaiiced  guard  under  Capt.  liellanui,  wlm 
had  been  allowed  by  the  enemy  to  pass  their  main  body.  Col.  Parish  iiniiii- 
diately  hastened  forward  to  his  support,  when  suddenly  l:e  was  attacked  mi 
both  flanks  by  the  enemy  in  ambush.  The  volunteers  made  an  unsiiceessl'iil 
attempt  to  charge  on  horeeback ;  tiiey  were  then  dismounted  and  found  in 
admirable  order.  They  then  charged  the  enemy  in  a  manner  worthy  o|' 
veterans.  lu  the  mean  time,  Capt.  BtUamy,  having  routed  the  attaekins  piiriv 
opposeil  to  him,  fell  back  on  the  main  l)o<ly.  The  enemy  were  soon  t'oreej 
to  take  shelter  in  a  thicket.  By  this  time,  night  coming  on,  it  was  not  tlioni'Lt 
prudent  to  follow  them,  where  the  localities  of  the  place  and  the  darkness 
woidd  have  given  them  great  advantages.  Our  men  rested  on  tlicir  ann?iii 
the  open  |)ine  woods,  prepared  to  renew  tiie  action  at  day-light;  liut  duiiiij 
tlie  night  the  savages  effected  their  retreat.  Their  loss  must  liave  been  eon- 
sideruble,  as  six  dead  bodies  wero  counted  in  one  part  of  the  field  of  battle. 


A. 


[Book  IV. 


naiiding— 1  private  killed ; 
s  wounded. 

luny  of  the  woiuulctl  dji'd 
but  no  doubt  nitiiiv  did,  as 
i  usual  on  such  occasions, 
•amt!  into  Tailalmssfe,  (iajd 
ivounded  during  the  hatili' 
lis  expedition,  three  or  tour 
harles  Omathla,  who  doubt. 

in  tliis  battle,  and  was  well 
He  wote  a  red  belt,  and 
hind  a  tree,  he  would  step 
n  at  every  lire ;  nor  was  he 
s  had  been  fired  upon  iiiip 
It  to  pieces.  It  is  almost  a 
n-e  of  his  threat  made  on  a 
ach.  He  probably  tried  his 
shots  through  his  clothes. 
1  Clinch  were  the  tliree  per- 

next  day  after  the  battle,  to 

Gen.  CiinMs  official  letter. 

ng  of  himself.    I  was  iu  this 

I,  what  I  saw  and  know  tn  he 

the  hottest  of  the  fight.    His 

\  hip.     A  ball  passed  tliroiii;h 

le  back  part  of  the  to)).    An- 

e-arm  of  bis  coat.    This  was 

but  I  do  tiot  believe  that  any 

ban   Gen.  Clinch  did  on  this 

pcurred  among  the  troops,  i;; 

rd    ''Retire!''     The  general 

en,  and  his  horse  staggeviii!; 

ant,  and,  amidst  a  shower  of 

would  show  his  back  to  tiie 

I  and  cbivalric  bearing  of  the 

,  which,  1  believe,  was  never 

Irouted  and  drove  the  enemy 

iinselves.     We  kept  the  lii'W 

r  in  good  order,  and  without 

so  much  moment  as  those 
to  notice  all,  which  we  will 

Ll  of  200  mounted  vohmteers. 
Jrtmv,andCas.wH,hadashmp 
IVetumka,  in  Middl.^  Florida, 
rd  under  Capt.  Bellnnvj,  wli« 
flin  body.    Col.  Parish  nnm- 
[suddenly  Ic  was  attacked  liii 
luiteers  made  an  tuis\iccessli,l 
n  dismounted  and  fonn  d  m 
Imy  in  a  manner  worthy  oi 
|i„.r  roiit(-d  the  attacking' J'iiriv 
IThe  enemy  were  soon  lorre.1 
doming  on,  it  was  not  thoML'U 
the  Idace  and  the  Awkum 
,Mon  rested  on  their  arms  m 
Ption  at  day-light;  hxtdurni? 
u>ir  loss  must  have  been  co  • 
)ue  part  of  llio  field  of  battle. 


Chap  ^'J 


CONGRESS.— BATTLE  OF  DUNLAWTON. 


85 


Two  days  after.  Col.  Parish  marched  for  Fort  King,  and  arrived  there  in 
safety.  I^c  t''^"  proceedeil  to  PoweWs  [OsceolcCs]  town,  and  destroyed  it 
The  volunteers  then  retiu-ned  to  Fort  Draiie." 

The  hest  opiiuon  can  be  formed  of  the  distress  of  the  peo])le  of  Florida  at 
lliis  period,  from  the  sufferers  themselves,  or  those  momentarily  expecting  to 
bceonie  such.  On  the  Iti  January,  a  newspaper  published  at  Tallahassee 
rontiiiiie<l  as  follows: — "Since  the  engagement  on  the  Wythlaco()ch<!e,  no 
intelli"<'nce  has  been  had  of  tiie  main  body  of  the  Indians.  The  situation  of 
tlie  iidial)itants  east  of  the  S*  'ohn's  and  south  of  Ht.  Augustine,  is  tridy 
denloral)li'.  New  Smyrna  h;  lecn  bm-nt,  and  all  the  fiiie  plantations  in  that 
iii'isliborliood  are  broken  up.  iMany  of  the  negroes  have  been  carried  ofi|  or 
liave  joined  the  savages.  The  Ituiians  are  dispersed  in  small  parties,  and 
when  pinsued  they  take  refuge  in  the  thickets,  which  abounil  every  where, 
ami  figlit  ^vith  desperation,  initil  they  are  dead,  no  matter  by  what  nmnbera 
thev  are  assailed.  It  is  literally  a  war  of  extermination,  and  no  hope  is 
entertained  of  putting  an  end  to  it,  but  by  the  most  vigorous  measm-es.  In 
the  mean  time,  the  number  of  the  enemy  is  daily  increasing  by  desperadoes 
trmn  otiier  tribes,  and  absconding  slaves.  The  ]VIicka.sooky  tribe  is  considered 
the  leading  [one]  of  the  Semiiioles.  They  have  always  been  noted  as  the 
iiirisi  ruthless  and  detertniiied  of  the  8avag(;  race." 

Hnt  it  must  not  be  piip|)o.sed,  that  the  measure  of  the  sufferings  of  the 
Floridians  was  yet  full,  at  this  date  of  our  hi.story,  nor  even  at  the  very  writing 
hereof,  (20  July,)  although  the  whole  coast  from  St.  Augustine  to  Cape  Florida 
is  in  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  and  has  remained  so  ever  since  the  11  Febru- 
nrv.  Nevertheless,  nothing  seems  yet  to  have  occurred  sufficiently  alaimip.gr 
to  awaken  the  sympathies  of  t!ie  heads  of  the  nation.  But  on  the  80  January, 
Mr.  While,  in  the  house  of  representatives,  asked  leave  to  introduce  the  fol- 
lowing resolution : — 

"Resolved  i)y  the  senate  and  house  of  representatives  of  the  Knited  States  of 
.\iiieriea,  in  Congress  assembled,  That  the  jiresident  of  the  U.  States  be 
authorized  to  cause  rations  to  be  delivered  from  tlie  public  stores  to  tlio 
uMt'urinnato  sufferers  who  have  been  driven  from  their  homes  by  Indian 
depredations,  imtil  they  can  be  re-established  in  their  possession.s,  and  enabled 
to  procure  |)rovisions  tor  the  sustenance  of  themselves  and  families." 

Tills  resolution,  after  some  debate,  was  pa.ssed,  and  became  a  law.  The 
iiotke  of  this  act  of  congress  is  in  anticipation  of  the  order  of  events  ;  but  one 
thing  is  certain,  that  if  I  have  noticed  congress  n  little  prematurely,  they  have 
not  coiniuiited  the  Vika  fault  in  noticing  the  affairs  of  Florida. 

Ipoii  the  17  January,  as  Oeorge  W.  Rochleff  and  Jem/  Bowers,  })ilots  iu  the 
sloop  Pilot,  of  Mosipiito,  were  proceeding  up  Halifax  River,  and  whim  nearly 
opposite  Mrs.  Jh^derson's  plantation,  they  were  fired  upon  by  Indians,  about 
It'O  in  number,  as  they  judged,  who  continued  their  fire  about  a  quarter  of  an 
jioiir.  They  overshot  the  men,  but  the  sail  and  rigging  of  their  vessel  was 
much  injured;  30  bullets  having  passed  through  the  mainsail. 

Tlie  nc\t  da}',  18  Janimry,  Major  Putman,  who  was  at  the  head  of  the 
iiiilependeiit  company,  styled  the  St.  Augustine  Guards,  stationed  at  Mos- 
(\m\  proceeded  to  Mrs.  Anderson's  phmtation,  at  a  ])lace  called  Dun  Lawt')n, 
iilMiutoO  miles  south  of  St.  Augustine,  on  the  Halifax  River,  upon  discover^. 
Iiwill  he  remembered  that  tlie  whole  of  the  Mosquito  country  was  destroyed 
(iathe'2(t  and  '27  of  December,  as  we  liave  before  related,  and  the  buildings 
ttiyiyy.  Anderson  were  at  that  time  bm-ned.  While  there,  this  company,  com- 
piiseil  of  the  generous  and  spirited  young  men  of  St.  Augustine,  joined  !)y  u 
;i  w  fioni  Mos([uito,  making  about  40  men,  was  attacked  by  150  Indians,  as 
uas  suppostul.  Mr.  Geo.  .finderson  and  Mr.  Dons;las  Dummit,  standing  on 
imud,  saw  two  Indians  approaching,  iqmn  whom  they  tired,  killing  one  and 
Wdiiiiding  th(M)ther.  Dummit  ran  d  the  fiillen  Jn(liaii,and  as  he  was  stooping 
over  hini,  received  a  wound  in  the  hack  <if  the  n  u-k.  At  the  .sanKMiionajnt 
the  whole  body  of  the  Indians  rushed  out  of  a  scrub,  distant  a  little  moro 
limif  musket  shot,  and  coniinenced  a  furious  attack  upon  iMajor  Pi(/maH',9  men, 
who,  froui  behind  the  fragments  and  broken  walls  of  the  burnt  buildings, 
pi ve  the  Indians  a  warm  reception  ;  and  although  but  40  in  inuMber,  having 
coveris  from  which  to  fight,  and  the  Indians  being  in  open  space,  they  kept 
8 


MkiM 


t^Ji'^ 


I*  "l    '^ 


kU 


m  *.'•  'n^ 


'it  '^m 


1^ 


86 


CONGRESS  AND  THE  SEMINOLE  WAR, 


[Book  IV, 


them  at  bay  for  almiitan  hour.  During  this  time  but  one  had  been  woundci) 
Tlie  Indians  now  charged  them  with  sucii  determined  fury  upon  their  flank-i 
that  tiiey  were  oljliged  to  fly  to  tiieir  l)()ats,  which  were  at  consi(|pia|,|p 
disUxnce  from  tii'i  shore,  and  were  closely  pursued  by  the  Indians.  In  tlicjr 
hurry,  the  whites  rendered  all  their  guns,  but  one,  useless,  by  wettin"  them 
with  this  one,  however,  tliey  tired  as  oflen  as  possible,  and  pushed  off  witlj 
energy ;  but  the  water  being  shallow  for  a  gnat  distance,  they  were  in  tlie 
most  innninent  danger  of  being  boarded  by  the  numerous  Indians;  in  smi, 
event,  every  man  must  have  perished.  However,  they  escaped  witli  1!)  badly 
wounded,  and  several  of  these  mortally.  One  boat  tell  into  the  hands  of  tlii. 
Indians,  in  which  were  eight  or  ten  men,  who  all  jumped  ovorlioard  and 
escaped,  except  one,  a  Mr.  Edward  Goild,  who  swam  to  Pelican  Island,  ami 
was  there  left;  nor  was  it  in  the  power  of  the  others  to  relieve  liini,'tliev 
being  pursued  by  the  Indians  in  the  boat  which  they  had  just  taken.  He  was 
not  heard  of  afterwards,  and  was  supposed  to  have  been  drowned  next  day 
in  endeavoring  to  swim  from  the  island.  A  Mr.  Marks  swam  to  the  opposite 
beach,  and  escaped  to  Bulowville  ;  the  others  were  taken  into  the  boats  a"ain. 

Great  tears  having,  all  along,  been  entertained  tiiai  the  Seminoles  w^oiild 
be  aided  by  the  Creeks,  it  is  now  confidently  atfirmed  that  at  least  1000  of 
them  have  gone  down  into  Florida  for  that  end. 

About  the  20  January,  Captain  Hooder,  on  the  lower  Suanee  River,  findinc 
the  opposite  side  in  possession  of  the  Indians,  crossed  over  with  nine  men  to 
attack  them.  As  they  landed,  two  of  his  men  were  shot  down ;  one  with 
nine  balls,  the  other  with  five.  With  his  remaining  men  he  charged  tin; 
Indians  with  great  boldness.  In  the  mean  time  his  boat  got  adrift,  and  no 
other  alternative  was  left  but  victory  or  death.  After  a  close  and  deadly  con- 
test of  some  minutes,  the  Indians  ^vere  routed  with  severe  loss. 


9i0fe 


CHAPTER  XL 

Congress  makes  an  appropriation  for  carrying  on  the  war — Remarks  in  the  Senatt 
of  the  United  States  on  the  war  icith  the  Seminoles — Debate  in  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives on  the  bill  for  the  relief  of  the  inhabitants  of  Florida — Mtack  uii  sme 
Creeks  at  Bryant's  Ferry — General  Gaines's  campaign  in  Florida — Fights  the 
Indians  on  the  Ouithlacoochce — His  conference  with  Osceola — Resigns  his  eon- 
mand,  and  leaves  the  country — Ca/itain  Allison's  skirmish — The  chief  Oichei: 
Pii.LY  lulled — Siege  of  Camp  McLemore — Great  sufferings  of  its  garrison — Delie- 
ercd  by  Captain  Read — The  chief  Mad  Wolf  slain. 

Towards  the  close  of  the  preceding  cha])ter,  notice  was  taken  of  the  delay 
in  congress,  and  by  the  executive  of  the  nation,  to  agitate  the  subject  of  this 
war.  At  length  Mr.  Webster  of  the  senate,  from  the  committee  on  finance. 
reported,  without  amendment,  a  bill  making  further  aj)propriution  for  sup- 
pressing hostilities  with  the  Seminole  Indians,  and  asked  for  its  iraniediaic 
consideration,  as  the  state  of  the  country  re(|uired  its  passage  with  the  utmost 
despatch.  The  amount  of  the  aj)propriation  was  500,000  dollare,  and  the  bill 
was  passed  after  some  explanatory  remarks ;  which  remarks,  as  they  not  only 
set  the  afiairs  of  the  war  forth  as  they  were  known  in  Washington  at  tliiit 
period,  but  discover  to  us  something  by  which  \V(;  can  jtidge  who  has  been  in 
fault  there,  shall  hrre  be  laid  before  the  reader. 

"Mr.  C/a»/ said  he  should  be  glad  to  hear  the  communications  from  the 
departments  read,  in  order  to  see  whether  they  gave  any  accoriit  of  the 
causes  of  this  war.  No  doubt,  he  said,  whatever  may  have  been  the  raiiscs. 
it  was  necessary  to  put  an  end  to  the  war  itself,  by  all  the  j)ossil)lc  uuam 
within  oin-  power.  But  it  was  a  condition,  altogether  without  precedent,  in 
which  the  country  was  now  placed.  A  war  was  raging  witii  the  most  iini- 
corous  violence  within  our  borders ;  congress  had  been  in  session  neuiiy 
two  months,  during  which  time  this  conflict  was  raging ;  yet  of  the  causes  ol 


IR. 


[Book  IV, 


!  had  been  wouiidpil, 
iry  upon  their  flanks, 
.vore  nt  considoialjln 
lie  ludiuiw.  hi  tin  ir 
'ss,  by  wetting  tlicm. 
and  pushed  oti"  witll 
ice,  they  were  iu  tlie 
ous  Indians ;  in  siuh 
■scaped  with  l'.»  badly 

into  the  hands  ol'  tlm 
imped  overboard  and 
to  Pelican  Island,  and 
i  to  relieve  him,  tliey 
d  just  taken.  He  was 
n  drowned  next  day 

swam  to  the  ojiposite 
n  into  the  boats  apin. 

the  Seminoles  would 
I  that  at  least  1000  of 

Suanee  River,  finding 
over  with  nine  men  to 
phot  down ;  one  with 
r  men  he  charged  tln! 
boat  got  adrift,  and  no 
a  close  and  deadly  con- 
vere  loss. 


. Remarks  in  the  Smit 

•bale  in  the  house  of  rcfrc- 

Florida — Attdck  on  sume 

Im  in  Florida— Fights  tk 

KOLA — Resigns  his  com- 

..lish—Thc  chief  Oicntr. 

as  of  its  garrison— Ddit- 

,e  was  taken  of  the  delay 
gitate  the  subject  of  this 
conunittee  on  finance, 
;i  appropriution  for  sup- 
asked  tor  its  immiHliato 
passage  with  the  utmost 
)000  dollars,  and  tliebill 
•en.arks,  as  they  not  only 
,  ill  Washington  at  tliiit 
m  judge  who  bus  been  m 

lommunicatlons  from  tlio 
rave  any  accovnl  ot  the 
IV  have  been  tlie  ranscj, 
y  all  tlu^  possible  mem« 
er  without  preced.nK,  in 
icing  with  the  most  nm- 
f  been  in  session  nearlv 
Ing;  yet  of  the  causes  ot 


Chap.  XL] 


CONGRESS  AND  THE  SEMINOLE  WAR. 


87 


the  war,  how  it  was  produced,  if  the  fault  was  on  one  side  or  on  both  sides, 
in  short,  wliat  had  lighted  up  the  tor(;b,  congn^ss  was  altogether  nninloruied, 
and  110  inquii'y  on  the  subject  had  been  made  by  either  branch  of  the  legis- 
lature' Ht'  sboidd  l)e  glad,  he  said,  if  the  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
tiiiancc,  or  of  the  committee  on  Indian  afliurs,  or  any  one  else,  would  tell  him 
liow  this  war  had  burst  forth,  and  what  were  its  causes,  and  to  whom  the 
lihune  of  it  was  to  be  charged. 

'•Mr.  If^ehster  re|)lied,  that  he  could  not  give  any  answer  to  the  senator 
froni  Kentucky.  It  was  as  much  !i  'tatter  of  surprise  to  him,  as  to  any  one, 
(liat  no  official  communication  hm  fix  made  to  congress  of  the  causes  of 
iliflwar.  All  he  knew  on  the  a,  <"cct  he  had  gathered  from  the  gazettes. 
'flic  (•oniinunications  from  the  departments  spoke  of  the  war,  as  a  war  grow- 
iiiiroiit  of  tiic  relations  between  tlie  Indians  and  the  government  of  the  U. 
"States,  and  gave  no  reason  to  siijipose  tlint  it  bad  its  origin  iu  any  quarrel 
with  tlie  citizens.  It  ])roi)ably  grew  out  of  the  attempts  to  remove  tiiese 
Indians  beyond  the  Mississii)j)i.  Acconling  to  the  latest  accoimts,  the  country 
lictween  Tallahassee  and  St.  Augustine  was  overrun  by  hostile  Indians,  and 
the  (■oniiniinication  between  those  |)laces  was  interrui)teil.  The  view  taken 
In  the  gentleman  from  Kentucky  was  undoubtedly  the  true  one.  IJiit  tiie 
war  rages,  the  enemy  is  in  force,  and  the  accounts  of  tli(!ir  ravages  are  dis- 
astrous. The  executive  govermnent  has  asked  lor  the  means  of  suppressing 
Iliese  hostilities,  and  it  was  entirely  proper  that  the  bill  should  pass. 

« Mr.  JVhite  expressed  his  regret  that  he  could  add  nothing  to  the  informa- 
tion given  on  this  subject  He  knew  nothing  of  the  cause  of  the  war,  if  it 
CDininenced  in  any  local  quarrel  or  not.  It  was  the  object  of  the  government 
to  remove  these  Indians  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  end  he  was  appre- 
hensive that  the  difficulty  had  arisen  out  of  this  measure.  He  had,  however, 
no  information,  which  was  not  in  the  possession  of  every  other  senator.  He 
ffas  for  the  bill. 

"  Mr.  fleii/on  said  he  was  also  ignorant  of  the  causes  of  the  war.  Some 
years  ago,  he  said,  he  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on  Indian  affairs.  At 
that  time  these  Indians  in  Florida  were  in  a  state  of  starvation  ;  they  would 
not  work,  and  it  was  necessary  that  they  shoidd  be  fed  by  the  U.  States,  or 
they  must  subsist  on  the  plunder  of  our  citizens.  Tliese  Indians  ai"e  a  very 
bad  tribe,  as  their  very  name  signifies,  the  word  Semmole,  in  Indian,  being, 
'wild runaway  Indians.^  They  were  therefore  considered  a  bad  race.  It  was 
obviously  the  best  policy  to  remove  these  Indians  to  a  place  where  they  would 
be  able  to  obtain  plenty." 

When  the  bill  for  the  relief  of  the  distressed  inhabitantsof  Florida  was  before 
tlie  house  of  representatives,  wiiich  was  noticed  in  our  last  chapter,  the  follow- 
iiii!  interesting  debate  arose  upon  it,  which  shall  be  laid  before  the  reader,  (or 
tlie  same  reasons  which  caused  the  remarks  in  the  senate  to  be  given  above. 

''The  resolution  having  been  twice  read,  the  house,  on  motion  of  Mr. 
jl'hite,  agreed  to  consider  it  now. 

"Mr.  IV.  said  that  he  would  not  occupy  the  time  of  the  house  further  than 
to  say,  that  in  East  Florida,  five  hundred  families  were  driven  from  their 
homes,  and  had  had  their  possessions  destroyed  in  the  progress  of  a  war, 
ffliieh  had  commenced  in  consequence  of  relations  between  the  Indians  and 
this  government,  and  with  which  the  sufFering  inhabitants  of  that  country 
have  had  nothing  to  do. 

"Appropriations  had  frequently  been  made  to  succor  Indians  when  in  cir- 
cumstances of  distress,  and  he  hoped  that  no  member  of  the  house  would 
object  to  die  adoption  of  the  resolution  for  the  succor  of  our  own  citizens. 

"Mr.  Granger  of  New  York  rose  and  said, — Mr.  Speaker,  in  the  little 
observation  I  have  iiad  of  men  and  things,  I  have  learned  that  jirecedent  is 
often  used  to  restrain  our  generous  impulses,  iiut  seldom  to  impel  us  to  gen- 
erous action.  In  the  little  time  I  have  been  here,  I  have  not  been  so  much 
gratified  with  any  thing  that  has  occurred,  as  I  have  at  the  prompt  manner  in 
whieli  this  house  has  stepped  forward  to  provide  means  for  carrying  on  the 
war  in  Florida.  Whilst  we  have  been  without  any  official  information  from 
the  executive  department  of  government — whilst  the  newspapers  luivi!  been 
discusaiug  .he  question,  whether  censure  should  rest  upon  one  of  the  depart- 


'^q^*: 


5.. 


i 


m 


X 


t      A  I 


ir 


83 


IIGIIT  AT  BRYANT'S   FERRY. 


[Book  IV. 


incut',  or  tipriii  tlio  rommnjidiiiit  officer  in  Floridu,  this  house  uiul  iIk;  ntlier 
liniiu'li  oi'  till-  irirjisliitiire  iiuve  8te|tp('(l  forvvurd  to  dustuiii  this  war,  aitliouiri, 
IK)  n'ciiii.sition  iiiw  heeii  iiuulc  hy  the  chief  luagiHtrute  of  the  imtioii.  }i\f  [ 
rejoice  that  they  have  done  so.  ' 

"3Ir.  Camhrikn^  rose  to  explain,  and  Mr.  Granger  yielded  tlu;  floor, 

"Mr.  Cambreleng  said,  that  great  injustice  had  been  done  in  the  newsiHiMirH 
to  the  coiuhict  pui-sucd  hy  the  dej)artments.  The  committee  of  w;ivi>  aiHl 
means  had  been  furnished  with  the  first  conununication  on  which  tliev  iui, il 
by  the  secretary  of  war.  They  next  day  received  a  second  coniiiiuiiicuti,,|, 
with  all  the  documents  relating  to  the  Indian  war,  and  which  contaiinil  ;i|| 
the  information  that  was  requisite.  The  documents  had  not  gone  tiirtli  to  the 
public — which  was  an  extraordinaiy  circumstance.  They  certainly  were  sdn 
by  the  committee  to  this  house,  and  ought  to  have  accompanied  the  lijll  ami 
been  printed  and  sent  to  the  senate.  If  they  had,  the  erroneous  impression  us 
to  the  remissness  of  the  department,  or  the  executive,  would  not  have  iron,; 
into  the  newspapera.  It  was  not  the  foult  of  the  executive,  or  of  the  coniniittte 
on  ways  and  means,  that  this  liad  not  been  done. 

"Mr.  Granger  resumed.  If  the  gentleman  had  listened  to  me  a  little  loii;rer 
he  would  have  discovered  that  I  intended  no  censure  on  the  executive ;  Inu  us 
he  has  chosen  to  challenge  me  to  speak,  I  do  say  that  the  history  of  this  iiuiiou 
can  present  nothing  like  the  silence  which  has  existed  on  this  suhjcct.  1  du 
say  that  whilst  this  hall  has  been  ringing  with  plaudits  upon  one  adiiiiiii  ira- 
tion,  and  whilst  we  have  been  called  upon  day  after  day  to  hunt  u\,  the 
bones  of  dead  quai'rels  here — whilst  your  t^ttlenients  have  been  laid  wa>t(> 
and  desolate,  no  conununication  has  been  made  to  this  house  as  a  branch  of 
the  government.  Whatever  information  you  have, even  upon  the  gentltiium's 
own  showing,  is  a  letter  from  the  secretary  of  war  to  the  chairman  ol'  tlie 
committee  of  ways  and  means. 

"  Mr.  Cambreleng.    That  letter  contained  all  that  was  necessary. 

"Mr.  Granger  continued  :  Sir,  I  repeat  that,  with  a  war  kno.vn  to  exist  in 
this  country,  we  have  been  occupied  in  hunting  up  the  possibihty,  not  only 
of  a  war  which  might  take  place  hereafter  with  a  foreign  nation,  but  also  to 
discover  whether  a  war  was  last  year  likely  to  have  existed. 

"  We  have  war  enough  upon  our  hands  to  take  care  of.  The  war-cry  is  up 
in  the  woods ;  the  tomahawk  glitters  in  the  sunbeam ;  the  scalpiiig-kiiite  a 
urged  to  its  cruel  duty;  the  flower  of  your  chivalry  is  strewed  along  tiie  plain, 
and  yet  every  department  of  this  administration  is  as  dumb  as  the  bleeding 
victims  of  this  inglorious  contest. 

"  In  legislating  for  a  suffering  people,  I  want  no  precedent  but  that  wliicli 
my  Creator  has  implanted  in  my  bosom.  I  do  not  believe  that  we  stand  iiire 
with  the  sympathies  of  our  natin'e  chilled  and  frozen  by  the  mere  force  of  tlie 
oath  which  we  have  taken ;  I  do  not  believe  that  our  duty  requires  tiiut  we 
should  be  thus  chilled  and  frozen.  I  believe  that  the  existence  of  this  govern- 
ment depends  u|)ou  its  extending  its  fostering  hand  to  the  unfortunate  wlieii- 
ever  it  can  be  done  within  the  limits  of  the  constitution.  Especially  should 
this  be  the  case,  where  the  sufferers  reside  within  a  territory,  and  have  no 
state  government  to  which  they  can  look  for  succor. 

"  Such  is  the  true  couree  to  be  pursued  in  this  nation  ;  and  then  our  people 
will  feel  that  they  are  indeed  membei's  of  one  common  family,  and  that, 
whilst  they  bear  equal  burdens,  they  are  the  equal  recipients  of  the  bounty 
and  protection  of  the  government. 

"  On  motion  of  Mr.  White,  the  resolution  was  read  a  third  time  and  passed," 

We  have  now  to  return  to  the  recital  of  warlike  operations.  About  tlic 
middle  of  January,  great  alarm  spread  through  the  confines  of  Georfria,  tliiit 
the  Creek  Indians  were  imbodying  in  various  parts  of  their  countiy,  and  tlie 
utmost  consternation  prevailed.  On  the  23  January,  it  being  reported  at 
Columbus,  that  the  Indians  were  in  force  at  Bryant's  Ferry,  15  miles  Ixlow 
that  ])lace,  a  company  of  whites,  consisting  of  about  20  or  30  men,  uiidtr 
CapUiin  ^erfson,  marched  down  upon  discovery.  Tluy  discovered  30  or  40 
Indians,  some  of  whom  had  rifles,  but  it  does  not  ap|)ear  that  they  had  done, 
or  intended,  any  mischitif.  However,  the  whites  ])ursued  them,  and  pretty 
soon  a  firing  cotmueuced,  and,  though  of  short  duration,  two  were  killed  on 


[Book  IV. 

1  house  and  tli<!  otlier 
ill  this  war,  altli()U|;li 
uf  the  luitiou.    tjir,  I 

Ided  th<!  floor. 
)iie  ill  th(!  ii<;\vsj)ii|)i'rs 
iiiinittee  of  \v;i\f>  unj 
1  on  which  tliey  iictn! 
i!COiul  coiiimuniriitiuii 
d  which  cDiitaiiifd  nil 
.1  not  gone  i'urtli  tu  tlie 
ley  certainly  were  sint 
onipunied  the  liill  iuul 
rroneous  inipressidu  iis 
would  not  have  limit 
ve,  or  of  the  comiuittee 

od  to  me  a  little  loii!;(  r, 
n  the  executive ;  but  us 
he  history  of  tliiss  uutiim 
,  on  this  suljject.  1  do 
B  upon  one  admini  iiu- 
er  day  to  hunt  iiii  the 
s  have  been  laid  \v;isto 
is  house  as  a  braiicli  of 
en  upon  the  gentlt'iiiaiu 
to  the  chakniau  of  llie 

[IS  necessary, 
a  war  kno  .vn  to  exist  in 
,  the  possibility,  not  only 
•reign  nation,  but  also  to 

e  of.  The  war-cry  is  up 
im;  the  scalphig-kiiit'e  is 
i  strewed  along  the  iiliiin, 
IS  dumb  as  the  bleeilmg 

irecedent  but  that  wliieli 

[elieve  that  wc  stand  \wk 

by  the  mere  force  of  the 

ir  duty  requires  that  we    ' 

I  existence  of  this  govMii- 

to  the  unfortunate  when- 

Uion.    Especially  siioiild 

[a  territory,  and  have  no 

Ion ;  and  then  our  people 
l)nnnon  family,  and  that, 
recipients  of  the  bounty 

la  third  time  and  passed," 
le  operations.    About  the 
fconfines  of  Georgia,  tliiit 
lof  their  countiy,  aii'l  >!«; 
Iry,  it  being  reporte.  at 
h  Ferrv,  15  nules  below 
aut  20  m-  30  men,  "i"l« 
Jhoy  discov(U-ed  dO  01 40 
fpear  that  they  had  done, 

lursued  ibem,  and  Dijtp 
lation,  twowerekdWoB 


Chap.  XI] 


GAINES'S  SEMINOLE    CAMPAIGN. 


89 


cacli  side,  and  the  whites  were  driven  from  the  ground,  havuig  several  of 
their  number  wounded. 

The  next  operations  of  importance  were  those  between  the  forces  under 
Geiieral  Gaines  and  Osceola,  and  upon  the  memorable  Ouithlecoocliee.  Gen- 
eral Gaines  was  upon  a  tour  of  inspection  and  duty,  when  he  firet  learned  that 
jorioiis  disturhances  had  occurred  bet^veen  the  wliites  and  Seminoles.  This 
was  about  the  15  January,  and  the  general  was  arrived  at  New  Orleans.  His 
nrevioiis  liead-(iuarters  iiad  been  at  Memphis,  in  Tennessee.  He  tlieref()ro 
,alk'd  on  the  governor  of  Louisiana,  to  have  a  body  of  volunteers  in  readiness 
I'or  military  service,  and  set  out  himself  immediately  for  the  scene  of  hostilities. 
\t  Pensacola  he  found  some  vessels  of  war,  under  Commodores  Dallas  and 
lioUoih  and  Captaiti  If  ebb,  who  had  alreaily  commenced  operations  in  the 
liC'iL'hborhood  of  Tanifia  liay,  and  other  adjacent  inlets.  Colonel  Twiggs  had 
lieen  ordered  to  receive  into  service  eight  companies  of  volunteers,  to  be  raised 
t)v  the  governor  of  Jjouisiana,  and  the  regular  force  at  Baton  Rouge,  New 
Orleans,  and  other  stations  in  the  immediate  .icinity  of  New  Orleans,  and  to 
hold  himself  in  readiness  for  a  movement  fv>wards  Tampa.  This  force  con- 
sisted of  about  1100  men. 

That  no  time  should  be  lost,  General  Gaines  returned  immediately  to  New 
Orleans  (about  2(5  .Faniiary),  and,  on  the  4  February,  was  under  way  again  for 
I'ioiida,  with  his  forces  organized.  He  arrived  at  Tumpa,  with  his  forces,  in 
ihree  steam-boats,  on  the  l)th,  and,  on  tiie  i:Jtli  began  to  proceed  info  the  In- 
dian country.  His  first  movement  was  to  the  east,  on  the  Alafia  River,  having 
iiniierstood  there  had  been  a  figiit  in  that  dinjction,  near  Fort  Brooke,  between 
liie  iiostile  and  friendly  Indians  ;  but  afb-r  two  days,  no  enemy  being  discov- 
ir((l,tlie  line  of  march  was  altered  for  l"'ort  King.  General  Gaines's  army  had 
hit  ten  days'  nitions;  but,  by  advices,  lie  was  assured  that  there  was  plenty  at 
I'lirt  King. 

(hi  the  20  February,  the  army  passed  Major  Dade's  fatal  field,  on  which 
was  found  106  men,  all  of  whom  they  decently  interred.  All  the  officers  who 
till  in  that  disastrous  fight  were  identified,  and,  what  was  very  remarkable, 
every  man  was  accounted  for ;  but  what  struck  every  one  with  the  greatest 
surprise,  was,  that  the  dead  were  in  no  instance  pillaged ;  articles  the  most 
esteemed  by  savag(!S  were  untouched  ;  the  officers'  bosom-pins  remained  in 
their  places;  their  watches  were  tbiind  in  their  pockets,  anJ  money,  in  silver 
and  gold,  was  lefV  to  decay  with  its  owner, — a  lesson  to  all  the  world — a  testi- 
mony that  the  Indians  are  not  fighting  fi)r  jilimder! — nay,  they  arc  fighting 
tor  their  rights,  their  country,  their  homes,  their  very  existence  !  The  arms 
ajid  ammunition  were  all  tliat  had  been  taken,  except  the  unifonu  coat  of 
Major  Dmk. 

On  the  22  February,  the  army  arrived  at  Fort  King,  much  to  the  agreeable 
suqiriseof  the  garrison,  which  it  had  been  reported  was  cut  oft" by  the  Indians. 
Owing  to  die  country's  being  in  possession  of  the  Indians,  no  sujiplies  had 
arrived;  and,  the  next  day,  a  troop  of  horse  was  despatched  to  Fort  Drane, 
[il  miles  north-west,)  in  hopes  to  obtain  finthor  supplies.  They  returned  the 
24.  hut  with  only  seven  days'  additional  rations.  To  this  they  added  two  days' 
mure  at  Fort  King.  The  general  scarcely  knew  what  eom-se  next  to  take  ;  but 
lielinally  concluded  to  move  down  the  Ouithlecoocliee,  over  General  Clinches 
battle-ground,  and  so  to  Tampa,  thinking  such  a  route  might  bring  him  in 
contact  with  the  main  body  of  the  Indians,  Accordingly  the  army  moved,  im 
tlie2()th,  from  F'ort  King,  and,  at  two  o'clock  on  the  27th,  arrivecl  at  General 
('liHc/i'«  crossing-place.  Here,  while  examining  and  sounding  the  river,  the 
hidians  tired  U])on  them,  and  -set  up  a  fierce  war-cry  ;  but  their  numixns  were 
cot  sufficient  to  make  any  material  impression,  although  they  continued  .  e 
light  tor  about  half  an  hour.  The  wliites  lost  one  killed,  and  eight  woMn<i«'(l. 
On  the  28th,  the  army,  having  resumed  its  march,  was  again  attacked,  ahtiut 
two  miles  from  its  foriner  jxisition,  and  a  fire  was  kept  up  about  half  of  tho 
(iiiv.  At  the  conunencemcnt  of  the  action.  Lieutenant  Izard,  of  the  United 
States  dragoons,  fell,  mortally  wounded.  In  the  com-se  of  the  right,  another 
Was  killed,  and  two  wounded.  In  the  evening,  express  was  sent  to  Fort 
Drane,  with  directions  lor  the  commanding  officer  to  march  down  witii  a 
force  upon  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ouithlecoocliee,  and  thus  come  upon  ihe 
8# 


:•  -^  .  -mm 


90 


GAINES'S  SEMINOLE  CAMPAIGN. 


[HoiiK  IV, 


rear  of  the  Indians ;  wliicli  tnoveiiient,  bIiouVI  it  succeed,  it  was  hoped,  woiiU 
finish  the  wur. 

On  the  morning  of  the  2<.)?h,  no  Indians  were  to  ho  seen  ;  l)ut  the  |,'('n«nil  di,! 
not  relax  liis  pnicaiitionH.  A  jmrty  wus  jirepuring  tinilxir  and  canoes  for  d,,^,'. 
ing  the  river,  when,  ahont  5)  o'docli,  they  W".vc,  sliarply  fired  upon,  and,  nt  ili," 
Bttine  time,  the  encampment  was  attaciied  upon  every  side,  but  that  rowimls 
the  river.  The  Indians  now  seemed  in  great  foice,(12  o>- 1500,  as  wassiippos,,! ) 
having  luivn  collecting,  from  all  (|uartei-s,  since  tJie  fight  on  the  previous  dm 
They  continued  the  contest  two  hours,  in  whicn  time  one  man  was  killed  m\ 
33  Avounded.  Among  the  latter  wus  the  g(;neral  himself, — a  riHe  hall  Imvli),- 
passed  througli  his  lower  lip,  knocktid  out  one  tooth,  end  <iamagod  two  otliir;," 
Wiien  it  was  found  that  the  general  wus  wounded,  ids  companions  ex|iivs>,ii 
niucli  regret ;  hut  he  talked  of  it  ua  u  matter  of  small  moment ;  said  "  jt  ^^^,J 
very  unkind  in  the  rascals  to  take  away  a  toot!',  whicii  he  valued  so  hi;:ldv." 

On  reconnoitering  the  enemy's  ground, after  he  had  fled,  Gaines\'i  men  ioi;,'i 
one  of  their  dead,  which  had  heen  dragged  a  consideraljle  distaiicf:  and  \i{\ 
unhin-ied,  from  which  circumstance  they  conjectured  he  had  tied  in  liiistc 
His  rifle  liutl  been  taken  away,  l)ut  he  was  found  to  he  well  provided  wiill 
anunun-tion,  liaving  j)lenty  of  powder  and  sixty  bullets.  The  plact  of  ihi^ 
attack  Gaines  called  Cauij)  hard. 

The  flight  of  the  Inilians  was  no  security  for  their  not  appearing  ngaiii ;  llir 
on  the  2d  of  March,  they  returned,  and  commenced  pouring  in  their  shot  uikiii 
the  whites,  which,  at  intervals,  they  contimied  to  do  until  the  5th.  Meamime 
all  of  tlnMr  provisions  were  exhausted,  and  they  began  the  slaughter  ol'  tliiir 
horses  to  sustain  life.  IJut  it  is  siud  that,  during  all  this  time,  no  one  was  ln-i  ^ 
to  murmur  or  complain. 

On  the  night  of  the  5th,  about  10  o'clock,  a  call  was  heard  fron?  the  wnndg, 
and  some  one  requested  a  parley.  On  the  oflicer  of  the  guard's  ilemundinj,'  what 
was  wanted,  it  was  answered  that  the  Indians  were  tired  of  fighting,  and  wisln  il 
for  peace.  The  general  ordered  the  officer  of  the  guard  to  answer,  that  if  tlie  hi- 
di'jus  wished  to  trciut  to  send  a  messenger  the  next  morning,  witli  awhile  iLi;;, 
and  he  should  come  an  J  go  in  safety.  He  replied,  "  veiy  well,"  and  added  iliiit 
"  he  desired  to  have  a  friendly  talk,  and  to  shake  hands."  Accordingly,  on  iho 
morning  of  the  (jth,  about  300  indians  filed  out  from  the  river,  and  took  a 
position  in  the  rear  of  the  whites,  about  500  yards  off.  They  expected  nothing 
now  but  a  most  bloody  contest,  supposing  the  main  body  of  the  Indians  to  Iw 
concealed  in  a  neighboring  hunnnock.  fioth  parties  remained  a  short  timi;  in 
suspense,  each  doubting  what  the  other  would  do.  At  length,  one  or  two 
advanced  within  hailing  distance,  and,  being  joined  with  others,  repeated  wlmi 
had  been  sjud  tlie  night  before.  The  general  now  sent  out  to  them  a  sialf 
officer,  and  they  told  him  they  did  not  wish  to  fight  any  more,  hut  nMinestiil 
that  the  army  should  withdraw  fivyUi  the  Ouithlecoochee.  Osceola  was  at  ilic 
head  of  the  Indian  de|)utation.  When  the  officer  who  had  met  the  Indlaib 
reported  this  talk  to  Gaines, he  ordenul  him  to  return  to  Osceola,mn[  to  intinni 
him,  in  the  plainest  terms,  that  they  would  be  subdued,  that  a  large  forci'  was 
on  the  way  into  their  country,  and  that,  unless  they  submitted,  every  huliaii 
found  in  arms  woidd  be  shot.  When  this  was  commimicuted  to  the'lmlians, 
they  said  they  would  go  and  hohl  a  council,  and  would  meet  them  again  in  the 
afternoon.  The  meeting  in  the  afternoon,  accordingly,  took  ])lace,  and  the 
Indians  urged  what  they  had  said  in  the  morning,  and  added  that  tlioy  lnul 
lost  many  of  their  men  by  death  and  wounds,  and  were  tired  of  the  war;  Imt 
as  their  governor  (as  they  styled  Micanopy)  was  not  'here,  they  must  first  cm\- 
evlt  him,  and  asked  to  have  the  war  suspended  until  he  could  he  consulted. 
They  were  told  Uiut  if  they  would  cease  from  acts  of  hostility,  go  south  ot'  tlie 
Ouithlacoochee,  and  attend  a  council  when  called  upon  by  the  United  States 
commissioners,  they  should  not  be  molested.  This  they  agreed  to,  and,  at  the 
same  moment,  General  Clinch  cume  upon  the  main  body  of  the  Indians,  and 
they  all  fled  with  the  utmost  precipitation,  probably  concluding  this  was  a 
e*ratageni  which  the  whites  had  prejjared  to  cut  them  oflf.  Clinch  came  with 
500  men  and  supplies,  which  was  doubtless  more  agreeable  to  the  starving 
.•irmy,  than  even  a  treaty  with  Osceola. 

Tiie  Indians  seem  to  have  been  well  acquainted  with  the  condition  of  Gen- 


[Book  IV. 
1,  it  was  hoped,  would 

jn  ;  but  the  f^fiimil  (lij 
r  aiul  ciUKK's  i'or  ridsi^. 
tirod  upon,  and,  at  tin; 
side,  but  that  towiinls 
1500,  as  wan  snp|Misid,) 
I  OM  the  jHTvioiis  day, 
Ui'  niuu  was  killed  mid 
If, — a  riflo  hail  liaviiis: 
id  diiniugcd  two  otiicis. 
com[uinions  i'.\|iitssid 
nionicnt ;  said  "  it  was 
he  vahuid  so  lii;.'hly." 
hid,  Gaines\<i  men  i'.ii,,;-! 
(Table  distance  mid  U\\ 
[  he  liad  tied  in  hiistf. 
be  well  provided  witli 
lets.    The  plact  of  tlVw 

ot  appearing  again ;  for, 
luring  in  their  shot  ii|uiii 
util  tlie  5th.  Meantime 
III  the  slaughter  of  tinir 
s  time,  no  one  was  he  ,. 

IS  heard  from  the  woods, 
I  guard's  demanding  wlmt 
kI  of  fighting,  and  wislicd 
1  to  answer,  tliat  if  tlic  lii- 
orniug,  with  a  white  lla^', 
■eiy  well,"  and  added  tliiit 
Is."     Accordingly,  on  tlio 
m  the  river,  and  took  a 
They  expected  notiiiiig 
Kidy  of  the  Indians  to  \k 
•emained  a  short  time  ii\ 
At  length,  one  or  two 
.  ith  othere,  repeated  wlmt 
sent  out  to  them  a  stall" 
any  more,  bnt  re(niesteil 
lee.     Osceola  was  at  ilu' 
.lo  had  met  the  Indians 
to  Osceola,  and  to  iiifunii 
ed,  that  a  large  forci'  wuj 
subtnitted,  every  liiiliun 
.iimicated  to  the  Indians, 
d  meet  them  again  in  the 
gly,  took  idace,  and  the 
uud  added  that  they  liail 
ere  tired  of  the  wiir;  Imt 
.lere,  they  must  tiir-t  m\- 
il  he  could  be  consiihi-d, 
hostility,  go  south  («f  tlio 
^on  by  the  United  i^taics 
:hey  agreed  to,  and,  at  the 
body  of  the  Indians,  aiul 
ly  concluding  this  \va<  a 
Im  off.     Clinch  came  uitli 
[agreeable  to  the  starving 

nth  the  condition  of  Gen- 


Chai" 


XI.] 


SIEGE  OF  CAMP  M  i.F.Mora:. 


91 


I"' 

nusi 


eral  Gaines's  army  ;  for,  during  tho  interview  with  Osceola,  he  asked  how  tiiey 
^v,.ir  utf  tor  provisions,  and  when  they  told  liuii  th(>y  liad  enougli,  lit;  sinxik  hia 
hcatl,  sayingt  "  It  '**  "**t  so ;  you  have  nothing  to  eat ;  but,  if  you  will  eome  over 
llie  river,  I  will  give  you  two  beeves,  :uid  some  brandy."  It  is  tin  nlbre 
wiirnrising  that  !io  should  liave  been  now  asking  tor  peace.  It  shows,  hovvevi'r, 
that  lie  was  well  uware  of  the  hopelessness  of  his  case  ;  and,  iilthoiifili  Ik;  was 
ilde  to  deal  with  General  Gaines,  Ik;  early  knew  of  the  approach  of  (iiiierid 
Cliiif/'t'""'  '^  ^^'"'*'  l"""'"''*lyi  **"  l''*"  K»'"'"f?  tl'»t  knowledge,  that  be  concluded 
toseo  what  kind  of  terms  could  be  got  of  tlie  whites,  as  the  ullaiis  of  war 
llicn  stood. 

General  Gaines,  liaving  transferred  his  command  to  (leiieral  Clinch,  Icil  for 
\eff  Orleans  about  the  !•  March,  and  General  Clinch  proccsedcd  willi  his 
uniti'd  forces  tJ  Fort  Draue.  A  negro  spy,  who  had  been  sent  among  the 
liostile  hidians,  from  Camp  Izard,  soon  after  returned,  and  eoiihrmcd  the 
m-euhle  intentions  of  till!  chiefs:  they  told  him,  that  in  their  various  skir- 
\i\u'S  with  GeiKiral  Gaines  on  the  Ouithlacoocl-e  they  had  lost  HO  men.  Of 
the  whites  hut  5  were  killed,  and  (iO  wounded.  It  is  rather  uncommon  that 
there  should  be  so  great  a  disproportion  between  the  slain  of  the  parties,  wlieu 
it  is  considered  that  the  Indians  almost  always  fought  from  coverts. 

On  the!)  March,  Caiitain  Allison  of  the  Florida  volunteers  had  a  skirmish 
near  his  camp,  not  tiir  from  Fort  Brooke.  He  routed  tin;  Indians,  whom  ho 
jndL'ed  to  be  a  thousand  strong,  and  took  considerable  ]ihinder.  Hence,  uot- 
witlistanding  the  Indians  were  sujiposed  to  desire  peace,  skirmishes  continued. 
And  on  th(!  ^3  March,  a  company  of  volunteers  were  attacked  about  six  miles 
fniin  Volusia,  in  which  the  whites  lost  three  men  killed,  and  six  wounded,  and 
llii'lndiuns  five  or  six.  Among  the  latter  was  their  chief,  called  Ouchee  liillj/,  or 
BUlu  Hicks.     He  was  founi  the  ihiy  atler  the  fight,  concealed  in  some  bni.-^li. 

AI)out  the  5  April,  Major  McLtiuore,  by  order  of  General  Scolt,  took  a 
imsition  on  the  Ouithlacoochee,  and  erected  a  block-house,  which  was  ealh  d 
Tainj)  McLemore.  Here,  about  40  men,  far  removed  into  the  heart  of  the 
Indian  country,  were  lo  remain  until  relieved  by  the  General,  or  IMajor 
.VfLfiore,  who,  it  apjieurs,  atler  establishing  the  post,  immediately  h  li  it. 
Tliis  r.iiall  force  seems  to  have  arrived  here  at  a  most  Ibrtunate  time,  lir  it 
was  four  days  before  they  were  discovered  by  the  Indians,  and  during  this 
period  they  had  completed  u  block-hous(!  lor  their  protection. 

It  is  scarcely  to  be  credited  that  this  little  company  of  men,  sent  here  by 
the  eoiiimander-in-chief  of  :'ie  army,  should  be  lell  without  the  means  of 
pseapo  in  extremity  of  circumstances,  and  noway  kept  open  by  which  their 
situation  from  time  to  time  might  be  known  ;  such,  however,  was  the  ease,  and 
for  about  six  weeks  nothing  was  heard  of  them.  Tln.'y  had  not  been  proviiled 
with  provisions  for  more  than  two  weeks,  and  it  was  the  general  impression 
of  every  one  that  they  liad  all  perished  by  liiinine  or  the  hands  of  the 
Inilians. 

The  following  account  of  the  siege  of  Camp  McLemore  by  Dr.  Lawrence, 
sinireoii  tli(!re  at  the  time,  shall  be  given  in  his  own  words: — "We  had  just 
completed  building  the  block-house,  and  dug  out  a  spring  near  tlu;  edge  of  the 
fort,  when,  on  the  inorning  of  the  Utli  of  April,  at  a  little  before  dawn  of  day, 
we  were  attacked  by  the  Indians,  who  had  encompassed  us  on  three  sides,  ami 
were  in  number  about  150  or  200.  The  engagement  lasted  one  hour  and 
three  quarters,  when  they  found  out,  to  their  sorrow,  that  our  reception  was 
not  only  too  warm,  but  that  they  had  ventured  too  near  us  without  due  rellec- 
tlon.  On  the  next  day,  we  had  one  man  killed  on  his  post  by  an  Indian  rifle, 
lircd  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  river.  On  the  15  April,  we  were  attacked 
hya  hody  of  the  savages  who  had  completely  surrounded  us,  and  whose  num- 
ber we  computed  at  4  to  500,  though  we  have  since  heard  that  Powell  had 
1000  to  1500  of  them.  This  was  the  hottest  engaf^ement  we  had  during  our 
stay  on  the  Ouithlacoochee.  They  fired  their  guns  by  hundreds  at  the  same 
moment  at  our  block-house,  and  succeeded  in  taking  our  only  means  of 
eseajie,  our  boat — which  they  took  down  the  river  and  ilestroyed  alfr  the 
hattle.  The  engagement  continued  two  hours  and  45  minutes,  and  we  had 
tliree  men  slightly  wounded. 
"On  the  24th,  we  had  a  very  severe  battle,  hi  which  they  dis])layed  tiieir 


if 


(  •     '   ft"  i  - 1 

■"  jCr  ''       ,>)  I 

f      **  '    *    ,1 

'     .1    w' ' 


b2 


DEATH  OF  MAD  WOLF. 


[Book  IV. 


injjciiiiity  l»y  shootinp;  firo-nrrowH  on  fir*!  upon  tlio  roof  of  the  lioiiso,  wliic|i 
tlestroyt'tl  l\u'  roof  iind  left  n.s  oxpost'd  to  tlit!  inchnnency  of  tlu.'  \V((it||,,r 
Tliis  arrow-tiriiij,'  was  pcrforniod  !>y  5i()  of  their  men,  whilst  ahou!  ,'{ to ,")()() 
nsfd  their  {jiiiis.  We  had,  on  tliis  oceasion,  two  or  tliree  of  our  men  woiniii,.,! 
We  prolialily  iiilled  \0  or  r)0  of  tlio  Indians.  TIk;  night  nller  the  hji.iK.  ,^|! 
lieard  their  ehiif  hail  ns,  and  wiy,  "that  he  was  going  away  in  the  nidiiiicr 
nnd  would  tn'ohle  us  no  more."  lie  kijpt  his  promise-  vt-ry  well,  thiMij-li  |" 
u\d  ^'ive  us  ahout  100  guns  the  next  morning,  ere  ho  lell.  Our  enptain,  "HuHn'. 
nutn,  was  Uilh'd  on  tin;  li  'Mfiyi  whilst  endeavoring  to  fortily  and  'rciii'ijn  n 
our  position.  'I'he  Indians  eontiinied  to  give  ns  a  passing  shot,  from  oO  |„ 
100  guns,  every  live  or  six  days,  though  Im  ke|)t  a  spy  upon  us  at  other  tiims 
The  oflieers  were  21  days  living  on  corn,  without  salt  or  meat,  and  tiic  n,,,, 
about  2S  days." 

It  appt-ars  that  thii  grertt  danger  of  ascending  the  Ouithlacoocjiee,  to^'ctlMr 
witii  llie  known  cireumstanees  of  the  garrison,  liad  fixed  in  the  minds  oj' all 
those  who  were  able  to  lend  ihuni  aid,  that  they  had  l)een  eiit  oil;  and  iji  j,,. 
fore,  to  hazard  any  thing  to  clear  up  this  extremely  douhtfnl  case,  was  cdn- 
sidered  ne.\t  to  crime  itself.  At  length,  the  poor  distresse<l  handful  at  Ciimn 
McLemore,  found  among  their  inmiher,  three  that  would  venture  (uu  i;,,. 
succor,  and  they  .nrrived  at  Tallahassee  in  a  canoe,  about  the  1(1  April.  Tlii^i 
circinnstance,  ai  all  probability,  proved  th(!  safety  of  their  fellows,  i-.s  wdl  ^ 
themselves.  A  company  was  made  u|.'  at  St.  iMarks,  aiid  undtT Ca|)taiii  /iii'ir/i 
Read,  |»roceedrd  in  a  steam-boat  for  the  Onithlacoochee  on  the  22  IMnv  umj 
on  the  '^4  took  off  the  garrison  without  the  loas  of  a  man. 

While  these  alfairs  were  btsing  transacted  on  the  Ouitblacoochee,  a  coiisii!- 
cralile  f()rce  marched  Irom  \'olusia  t(»  a  point  on  tiie  Oklawaha  Kivcir,  (lisiant 
JW  miles,  on  their  way  to  Fort  IJrooke.  The  river  being  high(;r  thaji  u.sniil 
the  force  was  obliged  to  halt  to  buihl  a  bridge  for  the  passage  of  their  ciiiiijuri 
nnd  baggage  wagons.  On  tiie  opposite  side  of  a  lake,  on  the  V\\\  of  tli^ 
detachment,  two  tires  were  soon  (liscovered,  which  it  was  supposed  \m'ii; 
made  as  signals  Ly  two  parties  of  Indiana.  Colonel  Butler  iinmediutclv  |ii(i- 
ceeded  to  cross  over  the  river  with  bis  battidion,  and  when  he  iiad  iiiiirrlntl 
about  three  uiiles,  some  Indians  were  discovered  and  pursued  I»y  the  u  ivjiiiccd 
guard.  General  Joseph  Shelton  was  of  Butler^s  party,  who,  being  ahead  tif  the 
advanced  guard,  charged  upon  one  of  the  Indiaius,  who  was  in  the  rear  ofilic 
retreating  party.  At  about  25  |)aces  from  bim,  the  Indian  turned,  uini  ihcv 
both  levelled  their  rities — Shelton  fired  tiret,  and  mortally  wounded  the  hidiiiii 
in  the  neck,  who  then  endeavored  to  make  his  escape.  Shelton  dro|)pii|  liis 
gun,  and  rushed  on  liim  with  his  j)istol,  which  missed  fire  at  live  or  >i\ 
paces  fi'oni  liim.  The  Indian  now  turned  and  shot  Shelton  in  the  hip,  imd 
at  the  same  moment  another  white  came  up  and  siiot  (be  Indian  in  the  liii(k, 
and  he  was  innnediately  despatched.  The  ball  which  entered  Slielloii''s  lii|) 
passed  round  near  the  spine,  and  was  cut  out   mi{  he  was  recovering. 

I  have  been  particular  in  detailing  this  atlinr,  as  the  Indian  who  lell  in  it, 
proved  to  be  a  chief  of  distinction,  known  among  the  whites  by  the  naiiic  o( 
Mao  Wokf,  which  was  the  English  signification  of  his  name.  In  Jiidiiiii  it 
was  KoHAHAJo.  He  was  of  ^liicanopi/V  tribe,  and  had  under  him  40  or. ")0 
warriors,  and  was  probably  one  of  the  leaders  on  the  Ouitblacoochee,  \\\m 
beset  General  Gainen  so  long.  His  tiame  was  given  in  among  theai  hy  lihick 
Dirt,  as  Coaharjo.  It  is  also  to  the  treaty  of  Payne's  Landing,  and  he  was 
one  of  the  Indian  deputation  who  visited  the  country  west  of  tlie  Missis.<i)ii)i 
afterwards. 

The  next  day  after  Kohahajo  was  killed,  Colonel  Bidhr  and  Goodwin,  with 
a  battalion  of  mounted  men,  were  sent  to  reconnoitre  Pilaklikaha,  the  n  si- 
dence  of  Jum/;er  and  JWicano/;?/.  When  they  bad  proceeded  about .  ix  iiiks, 
their  advanced  guard  received  a  sharp  fire  from  a  hammock  on  the  kl\,  hut 
were  soon  dislodgetl  by  a  charge  from  the  main  body.  Two  of  the  winlej 
were  badly  wounded,  one  horse  killed,  and  lour  wounded.  After  another 
considcruble  swamp-fight,  in  which  several  were  wounded,  the  army  |)ro- 
ceeded  to  tiie  Indian  town,  but  it  had  been  deserted  tor  a  long  time.  They 
burnt  it,  and  then  j)rocc»'(ied  to  Fort  Brooke. 

An  officer  in  General  Scotfs  army  at  Tampa  wrote  on  the  15  April:— "All 


[Book  IV. 

■  the  lioiise,  which 
•y  of  tilt!  wciulicr, 
lilst  ahout  ;{ t(.  'M) 
our  mt'ii  \v(iuii(!('(|, 
iil\i'r  tlu!  bailie,  \\r 
iiy  ill  til*;  nitinilii<!, 
ry  well,  tliuiij;li  In, 
Our  i-aptaiii,  lloH:,. 
til'y  aiul    'nnmlHii 
It  shot,  tVoiii  oU  III 
II  lift  at  otiicr  tiiiKs. 
iiieut,  mill  till'  iiitii 

ilacooflit't',  tdfictluT 
ill  tlic  miiuls  (if  (ill 
1  cut  otV;  and  tlirc- 
litiiil  case,  was  cim- 
n\  liaiultiil  at  CiiiMii 
uhl  vcuuirt'  imt  tiir 
;  tilt'  U)  Apiil.  'I'liis 
'ir  li'llows,  f.s  well  an 
uiitlt^r  Captain  Lnah 
on  the  2'i  May,  uml 

hhicoochee,  a  fonsiil- 
lawahii  Rivi-r,  tlisimit 
ig  hight-r  tluiii  iisiiiil, 
ssagtj  of  their  ciunn'ti 
.0,  1)11  the  U  1\  til'  till; 
[  was  supposed  wen; 
lUer  iiiiniediattdy  lun- 
rt'heii  lie  hiitl  uiiurliul 
rsiuul  hy  the  a  'viiiiccil 
lo,  being  ahead  iif  tlie 
was  ill  the  reur  of  the 
liaii  tunietl,  and  tliiy 
wouiidfil  the  liidiiiu 
Shdton  tlrojiped  liis 
(i  fire  at  livi;  w  >\\ 
liu-Uun  ill  the  lii|i,iiml 
lie  liuliau  in  tlie  Imdi, 
•  ■nterod  S/itZ/on's  hip 
[us  recoveriiiff. 
Indian  who  fell  in  it, 
Ivhites  by  the  luinu'  of 
Is  name.     In  Indiim  it 
.  under  him  40  or. "iO 
Ouithlacoocdiee,  wim 
„iiiong  them  hv  Bht(k 
[Landing,  and  lie  \viis 
West  of  the  Mit-sissipia 

Ihr  and  Goodwin,  w  itli 
I  Pilaklikaha,  the  nsi- 
j;eded  about .  ix  mlvi, 
f^iiiock  on  the  left,  l)iit 
,  Two  of  the  wh'Ati 
Ldeil,  Arter  another 
[uideil,  the  army  pro- 
ur  along  time.     IubJ 

In  the  15  April:-" All 


CMAPX"] 


ciiF.i:':  WAR. 


03 


tlio  iiiili'i"  will  leave  us  by  li.r  'JO  iSr-iy,  and  the  regulars  will  go  into  sumiiicr 
„„rters  at  this  place,  Key  West,  Ntdusia,  Mostpiilo,  ami  tine  or  two  iiKiro 
posts  at  li.e  south.  Without  the  git!atrst  gooil  luck  nothing  will  be  ilom;  tliid 
iiiiiimer,  and  the  war  luii.st  be  renewed  in  the  autiiiiin." 

\h(iiit  the  time  (}eneial  dninis  It'll  Fort  Draine,  (•(•n(3ral  Scott  arrivtMl 
ihii't',  wilh  iiistruclioiis  to  assume  tht;  cbii'f  t;oiiiiiiand  of  the  ftjretis  in  Floridiu 
«;iii('e  that  time  the  operations  have  been  of  not  iiiueli  iiimortanct;.  Aiiout 
Jlie  !>()  March,  Captain  Hitchcork  coiiummicated  tiie  ft)llowing  valiiaiilo 
ii;;)i..mtioii  respecting  the  hostile  Indians,  vviiicli  was  given  him  by  tin? 
frii'ii(lly  fhieli  lilnck  lUrl,  whose  Inilian  name  is  Tuck-alustkii  IIaujo.  He 
.;iv;-  that  ill  tlie  fights  with  (leneral  Gaines  were  the  following  chiefs  and 
wimii  i><)  ^ '''■•• — ''ij'^ii'Kii  with  ;U),  Assuiiola  [Osreo/a]  with  7,  AM.Buiiru- 
lURjo  wilh  MO,  Jaiuiakto  Viir.K  with  30,  (Jaiiciiaii  Tosknusk  (JMcosiikee) 
\Mtli4"0,  Mkianoi'  (principal  chief)  with  80,  Abiiam  (JVeirro)  with  80,  Wkf.a 
Ki.mKO  Mattk/.  with  70,  Yauhakhacjo  with  KiO,  Toskikucaii  with  fiO, 
K.iiiiA  Mattkz  with  .50,  Hat  How  I'^mattk/-  with  30,  Charlkh  (u  Negro) 
Hiilili,  ('OAnARjt)  with  I,  ami  Toi'aui.aoek  with  40. 

XJR'ie  had  been  about  400  Seminoii!s  colleete'd  at  Tampa,  chiefly  women 
ami  children  of  Black  Dirl\<i  tribe,  who  were  on  the  12  April  shi{)ped  oft'  for 
'•bi'voiid  the  Missis8ip])i "  by  General  iicott. 


H§€t 


CHAPTER   Xn. 

CnrKK  War — Murders  ano,  devastations  begin — Eleven  persons  killed  near  Colum 
his— Mail  routes  in  possession  of  the  Indians — Ji  steam-boat  attacked  and  men 
liilld— Chiefs  of  tk-  war  parties — Mail  stages  destroyed — The  town  of  iliavoak 
lifirrJ— Colonel  Liiidaay's  Florida  affair — Excessive  disiuuij  of  the  yeople  of  (ic.or- 
ak— Murder  of  families — fight  on  the  Chattahoochie — Capture  of  Jim  IIknkv  and 
Xeamathla — Account  of  the  chitfs — Surrender  of  the  Indians. 

Adjutant-General  Mcintosh  wrote  from  Fort  Mitcliel,  Alabama,  (on  the 
Clmttuiioochie,  l.'j  miles  ab'ive  Columbus,)  7  May  last,  as  follows : — "  It  has 
justhceii  reported  to  me,  that  Col.  Flournoy  was  shot  dcatl  by  the  Indians  on 
ihe  'iih  instant,  about  15  miles  below  this  post.  I  am  also  intbrmeil  that  a 
report  is  currently  circulating  among  the  Creeks,  that  the  Seminole  Intlians 
iiiive  defeated  the  whites  in  Florida.  This  report  will  no  doubt  imbolden 
ihciii  tu  many  acts  of  hostility  that  they  would  not  otherwise  dare  commit. 
.V  I'oiistaiit  communication  must  be  kept  up  between  them,  as  the  Creeks  are 
coiiversiuit  with  every  transiiction  that  occui-s  in  Floritla.  Marshal,  the  half- 
brci'il,  says  he  is  ajipreliensive  mischief  will  be  done  by  the  Intlians  before 
ioiifr.  Other  friendly  Indians  are  of  this  opinion.  Opothleyohola,  principal 
oftlio  upper  Creeks,  says  he  cannot  keep  his  people  together,  or  restrain 

tllOlll." 

At  the  same  time  Colonel  Flournoy  was  killed,  ten  others  met  a  like  fate, 
some  of  them  within  12  miles  of  Columbus,  at  the  Ocliee  Bridge  on  the  Old 
Fiilciiil  Road.  "The  Indians  have  entirt;  ])ossession  of  that  roatl,  and  all  the 
spitk'i-s  have  fled.  A  tr  'n  consisting  of  150  wagons,  with  about  150  fugitives, 
on  their  way  to  Columbus,  were  fired  upon,  on  the  10  April." 

Up  to  the  18  May,  at  Augusta,  (Ga.)  it  was  reported  that  all  tliti  southern 
mail  routes  were  in  possession  of  the  Intlians,  except  that  tt)  IMobile.  The 
(lay  hefoie,  all  the  mails  were  brought  back.  Colonel  VrotvdVs  plantation, 
ami  many  others,  hatl  been  burnt,  and  a  stage  agent  and  two  drivers  had  been 
kilicil.  The  governor  of  Georgia  had  ordered  two  regiments  of  volunteers  to 
take  the  fieltl.  About  this  time  the  steam-boat  Hyperion  was  attacked  tm  her 
liassiiL^o  lip  the  Chattahoochie,  and  two  pilots  antl  one  passenger  weit;  killi;d. 
She  was  then  run  on  shore  on  the  Georgia  side,  and  alter  being  abandoned, 
was  taken  and  tlestroyed  by  the  Intlians. 

The  Creek  towns  and  tribes  which  have  declared  themselves  hostile  are  a 


f' 


'ill 

i-^f.3i>f!l5.v> 


■■  ..'-'li^  '«   ii:  ft  .  A'  ": 


.      ■".■•  •  «■■.',,■'-*S^■'»'i 


fV 


*^^- 

'■i  '■  ■' 

'^-m 

'!»' 

■i 

■v'iiAm 

:]fi 

'^tM 

m 

m 

i-jK^y^]^M0 

04 


rRF.KK   WAR.— STEAM-ROAT   I)I:HTR()YI;I). 


[H.ioK  IV. 


pint  (if  tlio  ()clic(>s,  [Ur  IlitrliftiiH,  the  I'ali-lo-clid-ko-loH,  lln' So-wdk-kn.;,, 
uii'.i  a  part  dfllu'  I'liillav.  'I'Ih'  |>riiici|»al  cliirls  who  liavr  hIkiwciI  iIhiiin.|||J 
as  llicir  leaders,  arc  old  Nkamathi.a,  of  whom  svt«  liavt-  already  scvcnil  tiiri(.!< 
H|iok<;M,  cliiet"  of  the  llitehetas,  Jim  IIknuv,  and  Nko  IMico.  iMiiiiy  friiii(||, 
Indians  immediately  joined  the  whites,  one  of  the  |irinei|ial  leaders  of  win,,' 
is  a  ehief  e'dled  Jim  Hoy.  The  war  party  liav(!  disrovered  jfrmt  Imi|(||i,.j,^ 
Ahoiit  tl  >  May  a  party  came  within  .'JO  or  40  yards  of  Tort  .Miii||,,)|  ' 
Htron/.'  an  '1-defended  place,  entered   the  hospital,  and  carried  oH'  wlji,. 

they  pleasi  'I  the  ^'arrison  thoii^dit  it  not  West  to  distiirli  them. 

On  th(^  I )  M.iowin^',  the  mail  from  iVIont^roinery  to  Cohmiliiis  was  iittnck,,! 
about  'iO  miles  from  the  latter  place.  A  driver  on  that  route  was  ridiiii;  iildii' 
tin  road  on  lioi^ehaek,  about  .'»()  yardn  ahead  of  the  staj:e,  when  he  wiis  liici 
upon  by  about  •'{()  Indians,  yet  be  iiiuK'conntably  escaped  injury.  Iljs  \,„f^,, 
took  tri^'ht  and  threw  him,  and  he  rsca|)ed  into  a  thicket  Wlien  lieiini\Ml 
nt  the  next  stajje  relay,  the  horses  had  ;,'ot  therc^  but  without  iiny  carriii;.'r.  Imt 
liad  about  them  some  fra^'inents  of  their  harnesscH.  ftlr.  .lilamn,  who  Wis  in 
the  sta<,'e,  made  bis  escape  by  leaping  into  thi>  woods  when  the  stajre  iiiiMt 
A  driver  and  two  others  were  killed.  There  were  lit  liorses  Im  lonnim;  |,J 
the  liiK^  in  the  company,  uf  which  but  three  were  recovered,  and  these  were 
wounded. 

About  this  time  the  old  8teain-l)oat  Georgian  was  burnt  while  lyjii!;  at 
Roanoak,  and  all  on  board,  except  the  engineer,  jtorished.  The  tiuMi  uf 
Roanoak  was  at  the  same  time  laid  in  ashes,  but  the  citi/ens  escaped  t(in 
fort.  Irwinton,  a  flourishing  town  on  the  Georgia  side  of  the  river,  soon  nitir 
eliared  the  same  tute. 

Meanwhile  some  aftuir^  of  considerable  moment  were  transpiring  in  Flori- 
da. Colonel  Lindsdji  bad  been  d»>s|)atcbed,  at  the  bead  of  aiiout  /.'iO  ineii,  ricm 
Fort  IJrooke,  with  orders  to  [jroceiul  to  Fort  Alabama,  to  destroy  it,  and  luinr 
away  the  sick,  wonnded,  and  provisions.  Having  proceeded  there,  nnli 
effected  their  objijct,  the  fon^es  inarched  again  for  Fort  Hrooke.  IJcIok; 
leaving  tli(!  fort,  a  mine  was  priipansd,  by  leaving  jjowder  in  the  iniiiiii/iiii' 
which  should  explode  on  its  being  opeiuMl.  They  had  got  but  a  mile  or  twc, 
•when  \\w  mine  was  sprung  with  a  fearful  noi.se,  but  what  eflect  it  liad  pni- 
dnce.l  was  not  known.  Tlie  whites  had  missed  two  of  tiieir  nuinher  tlic  diiy 
before,  whom  they  found  on  their  return  inarch,  about  ly  miles  iioin  I'mt 
Alabama,  killed  in  the  way,  and  one  shockingly  mangled.  While  tlic  nnnv 
woij  contemplating  this  spectacle,  it  was  fired  U|)on  l»y  .'500  Iiidiuns,  as  wiis 
supposed,  from  a  hammock,  no  more  than  30  yards  off.  The  whites  iniiiii  ill- 
ately  formed,  and  fired  in  their  turn,  and  a  regular  fight  ensued.  The  liidiiins 
could  not  be  dislodged  until  several  rounds  of  grape  shot  from  the  artillcrv 
liad  been  jjourcd  in  upon  them.  This  was  a  bloody  affray  for  thein,  hut  ihtir 
loss  was  not  fully  known  ;  several  were  found  dead  on  tiie  field,  and  nnincnuis 
traces  of  others  who  hud  been  dragged  off"  dead  or  severely  wounded  were 
discovered.     The  whites  had  3  killed  and  22  wounded. 

A  letter  addressed  to  the  editor  of  the  Richmond  FiUquirer  gives  a  fiiirfiil 
picture  of  the  affairs  in  the  Creek  country.  It  was  written  at  Talhottoii,  [(Ia.) 
11  May,  and  is  in  these  words: — "  I  wrote  you  yesterday,  infoniiiiig  yoiiol' 
the  hostile  movements  of  the  Creek  Indians,  and  the  commeuccinent  of  tlicir 
murderous  career.  We  have  full  information  here  to-day  of  the  distressing' 
state  of  things  among  the  whites  who  have  settled  over  in  that  territory.  Tlio 
Indians  are  killing  all — men,  women,  and  chiUri'n.  Vast  numbers  have  liicii 
butchered  without  doubt ;  and  the  whole  country  on  this  side  of  the  Clmlia- 
hoochie  is  in  uproar  and  confusion.  The  po|)ulation  of  the  territery  Imd 
become  considerable,  and  they  who  have  been  fortunate  enough  to  escape  iiie 
come  over  in  droves  on  the  Georgia  side;  some  with  a  part  of  their  cliiiditii; 
some  wiio  have  lost  their  children;  some  their  husbands;  and  many  ciiildirii 
without  father  or  mother;  some  arc  found  as  they  were  wandering  idxmt  so 
yotiiig  that  they  could  give  no  account  who  their  parents  wcu'e.  So  |)(ufe('ta 
mixture  and  confusion  as  never  was  witnessed  before.  Many  iiav(!  seen  ii 
part  of  their  familiiis  murdered.  One  gentleman  saw  his  fatlier  shot  diiwn 
near  him,  and  his  mother  and  sisters.  Some  of  the  dead  have  been  broiiglit 
over  shockingly  mangled.    It  is  thought  the  whole  nation  is  in  hoslilu  array; 


ED. 


[Book  IV. 


Chap.  X 


MURDER  OF  MANY   lAMII.IK.S. 


95 


hIiOWImI   tlirlllM'lM'!) 

Irt'iiil.v  sfvi  rill  tiiiii'4 

;CO.      iSlliny  tViriiilly 

III   lenders  ol'  mIuhii 
red  ^reat   ImiIiIihss, 

of  Kin-t  Mill-lull,  11 
nd  eanied  dIV  wlmt 
■li  tlieiii. 

liiiiiliiiN  was  iittiirki'ij 
lite  was  ridiii;:  iilniii: 
i',  when  lie  was  lirnl 
1  injury.  His  Ihum' 
t  NVIieii  he  aniviii 
loiit  any  ean'ia<;i',  Imt 
•,  ,'l(lnms,  wild  WHS  ill 
vlieii  llie  stajri'  npsci. 

Iidi'ses  h('l<iiii;iii^  lo 
■crod,  and  these  wiro 

burnt  while  lyiiiii  nt 

ished.     The  town  nt' 

citizens  est'a|ii'(l  to  a 

of  the  river,  soon  aiVr 

c  triuiHpirinj:;  in  I'lurl- 
)f  about  T.W  men,  iVum 
lo  dt'stroy  it,  anil  liiiiin 
procoeded   tlioie,  and 
Fort  Hrooke.    Kclore 
,vder  ill  the  inau'ii/iiu', 
I  got  but  a  mile  or  twc, 
what  eflt'ct  it  hail  iini- 
tlieir  nninher  the  diiy 
It  I'i  miles  from  Fint 
led.     While  the  miiiy 
i»y  500  Indians,  as  was 
The  whites  iniiiiidi- 
It  (-nsiied.     The  liuliiins 
shot  from  the  aitilicry 
IVray  lor  them,  hiil  ilicir 
die  field,  and  nimiermis 
levert'ly  wounded  wire 

f  luiiiirer  gives  a  fi'iirfiil 
Itten  at  Talhotton,  ((ia.) 
[day,  informiiif!;  you  of 
loiniiieiieement  of  tliiir 
l)-day  of  the  distn'ssiiift 
J  in  that  territory.    The 
last  iiunihers  have  Ihmii 
Ihis  side  of  the  Clialla- 
li  of  the  territory  liad 
fe  enoiiffh  to  eseapt'  are 
1  part  of  their  childivii ; 
lis ;  and  many  children 
Ire  wandering  ahoiil  so 
(its  were.     So  liertVet  a 
|e.    Many  have;  spimi  a 
bis  father  shot  down 
lead  have  been  broiiglit 
lion  is  ill  hostile  array; 


their  warriors  a.  ..  jiiited  at  <»  or  7(KK)  strong.  The  general  impreHsiou  Ih, 
lliaia  part  of  the  ,<enuno|i's  have  come  up  among  them.  Tiie  town  ot'  Co- 
lin,iliiis  is  in  great  danger  of  im  atlaek,  as  they  ha\e  threatened  it  strongly. 
\  iiiiiipaMy  of  10  or  .^lO  nn-ti  lell  Colmnliiis  yesterday  morning,  ami  went  over. 
On  till  ir  return  at  night  they  brought  in  seven  children,  which  they  had  found 
siattrred  about." 

Smh  are  th<'  aceoimts  which   have  been  daily  circulated  for  two  montliH 

ii,;rrilier    and  although  they  are  diHtorted  in  many  pcrticidars,  yet  out  of  iheni 

\M' nre  ai  iiresent  to  collect  all  that  is  known  of  this  war.     'I'lie  ("ohimhuH 

(iiitinei  of  the  |:i  May  contains   the  liillowing  facts,  which  are  confirmed 

tVnni  other  ijuarters : — "On  Monday  we  received  information  that  hostilities 

liiiii  I'oiiimeiiced  on  the  road   between   Colundius  and   iMontgomery,  at  the 

I  I'lii'c  liridge,  and  further  on,  and  in  the  evening  the  bridge  at  this  place,  tin; 

stircts  liiading  from   it  were  thronged  with  the   unlbrtimate  reliigees,   who 

wire  tieeing  betbre  their  savage  m-ighbors.     'J'he  pitiable  condition  of  many 

III' tlirni  was  |tast  lh(!  power  of  description.     Wives  severed  liom  their  Ims- 

liaiids,nnd  jiarents  from  their  children  ;  all  dismayed,  all  terror-stricken;  pre- 

i<('iiti'il  a  scene  which  we  never  again  desire  to  see.     An  interesting-looking 

L'irl,  j)ist  blooming  into  womaidiood,  was  brought  in  on  horseback,  behind  a 

liriii'volcnt  stranger,  who  had  Ibund  her  in  the  nation,  making  her  way,  nnat- 

li'iidi'il,  to  this  place.     She  started   with    her    parents,   but   before  they   had 

|iiiHti(li'il  far,  they  were  brutally  shot  down  before  her  eyes.     She  lied  to  tho 

wiiiids  and  escaped  ti'om  her  savage  pursuers,  and  was  foimd  and  brought  to 

t'oliiiiiliiis  as  above  stated.     A  young  man  arrived  at  this  plac»?  also  witnessed 

the  savage  murder  of  his  parents.     Another  young  man,  in  the  act  of  tieeing, 

niirciviil  the  Indians  dragging  away  his  sister,     lie  returned,  declaring  he 

wniilil  rcsiue  her  or  die  in  the  attempt,  and  he  has  not  been  heard  of.     I'rom 

tills  time  their  deiids  of  savage  barbarity  bavt;  be(!n  too  numtirous  to  pa.ticu- 

larl/e,    A  woman  was  brought  in  on  Tuesday,  wounded  in  the  hand,  whoso 

liiisliand  had  been  shot  the  preceding  evening  at  the  Ucheo  bridge.    Col. .//.  li. 

Ikifson^s  negroes,  who  were  taken  by  the   Indians,  and   made  their  esca|)e, 

state  tliat  they  saw  three  corpses  on  the  road  near  tlie  IJcdiee  bridge ;  a  iiian, 

wiiiimii  and  child,  who  had  all  been  miinU>red.     We  learn  that  about   l.')0 

liieiidly  Indians  hav(!  reported  themselves  at  Fort  Mitchell,  ami  are  ready  to 

assist  tlie  whites.     Accounts  to  the  17  May  further  stale  that  the  Indians  had 

(iihnil  the  house  of  one  family,  and  murdered  the  wh      — including  husband, 

wili ,  and  six  children.     All  were  scalped,  and  the  (r'  ddren  beheailed.     The 

Imiise  of  a  Mr.  Colton  had  been  atta(*ked,  and  himselt  killed." 

(I'enerals  .Sra^  and  Je.<tsit/<  were  at  Fort  Mitchell  on  the  '.i  June;  the  for- 
mer let\  that  |)lai'e  on  that  day  with  an  escort  of  150  men  for  Alabama,  to  take 
tlie  ennmiand  of  the  troops  of  that  state.  On  the  4th,  Capt  Pafre  reported  to 
(ieiieral  Scott  that  a  party  of  Indians  was  about  to  cross  the  Chattahoochie  in 
llieir  way  to  Florida,  and  steps  were  innnediately  made  to  stop  them.  Tho 
liay  iietiiro  a  party  was  stopped  by  a  eom|)any  of  Georgia  militia,  aller  a  sharp 
skirmish,  in  which  one  white  and  several  Indians  were  supposed  lo  have  been 
liillni.  Two  chiefs  were  wounded,  Ealahajjo  in  the  shoulder,  and  Jim  Hennf 
in  llie  head.  Th»!  action  took  place  across  the  river,  which  being  high  and 
wide,  little  was  etlected.  The  Indians  dared  the  whites  to  come  over,  called 
tliriii  dogs  and  cowards,  and  the  most  the  whites  could  do  was  to  re-taliate  in 
til,-  same  sort  of  language. 

About  the  end  of  June,  a  pany  <  f  whites,  who  were  scouting  on  Flint  River, 
aciidi  iitally  found  a  yoimg  woma  i  about  three  miles  from  Cambridge,  who 
liiid  lif'oii  wounded  by  u  shot  in  tin!  breast.  She  stated  that,  on  the  tHi  of 
Jnne,  about  300  Indians  killed  all  the  family  to  which  she  belonged,  Vi  in 
iiniiihir,  except  herself,  and  her  father,  who  made  liis  escape.  AlVer  being 
siint,  she  feigned  death,  and  as  the  murdered  were  not  scalped,  slu!  made  her 
i'sia|)e  after  tln^  Indians  lefl  the  scene  of  butchery. 

I  |i  to  the  1()  Ji.  le,  all  the  houses  of  the  wJ'.ltes  in  the  Creek  country  had 
been  burned.  On  the  13th,  in  an  attack  on  an  Indian  town  by  some  whites, 
24  |)ersons  were  taken,  among  whom  were  three  chiefs.  These  were  held  aa 
hostuiros  at  Fort  Mitchell,  and  word  was  sent  to  tlie  hostile  [)arty,  that  if  they 
did  not  come  in  and  surrender  they  should  be  put  to  death.    The  next  day, 


('■'if 


■:..'( 


Ii">5 


■  '■.■''i!vi'r,.;r  •'■«ij' 
B>  I    'V ' i|iM'  ^U'»P 


ir-:.  .m-    ■    k*l'f»  » .■**-*nf*.-!*.l 


...  :'■  '■■■■■^m 

.       * '         I 
■■'*'■'  'ill 


9(] 


CAPTtlRE  OF  JIM   linNFY  AND  NEAMATIFI  \ 


fModK  IV 


iin. 


120  camo  in  nri<l  dccliire'il  llicniNclvi's  frit'ndly.  As  Into  iih  iIk'  QHth  of  Jn,,,, 
it  was  ii'|iitrtr<|  at  ( ■<iliiinl»ii«,  (ia.,  tiiat  the  Cri-rk  war  waH  |iriiliali|y  at  nti  md' 
"nM  liir  an  fij;litiiij(  was  coiiccriHMl.  Jim  llrnn/^M  party  liavi«  iicnrlv  nil  lir(.>,' 
takrii,  'I'in'y  wi-rr  i-onliiicd  at  l''i)rt  IMiti'lu'll,  and  all  llic  ^niitlm  urrV  at  wurk 
inakin^r  liaiidnitlM  tor  tlicm."  ThiHn  will  douhllrHH  he  Mi-iit  I't-yond  the  M|,. 
HiHsi|i|ii,  "fX(M'|(t  the  I'liiclH,  t'lvr  or  Mix  in  iiiiinliKr,  who  will  l))>  pniiiHlird  witii 
doatii,"  ni4  waH  NnpnoHiMl. 

On  tlin  JHt  nl'  Julvt  Jim  Hetin/  fril  into  tli(t  liaiidN  of  ii  Imnd  of  iViondlv  In- 
diaiiM,  nndrr  n  chiel  nainrd  Jim  Hoij.  For  a  (I'W  davH  pn-vioiis  he  wn^^i 
poHcd  to  liavn  Im-oii  on  Imh  way  for  llic  "proinJHcd  latul;"  lint  he  whm  liimni 
tlio  (Vi'fk  nation,  H  fow  niil)!N  from  'riiHki>irt>i>.  Alxmt  tlic  same  timv  (,|,| 
JS/rnmnthln  >r"vn  himself  np  to  thn  wliiti-s,  and  wan,  tin  tin-  day  of  the  ciri- 
turt!  ot'Jim  HcnriL  with  ahout  ITiOO  otlicrn,  Hcnt  off  (or  Arkansas,  "'riir  circin'i. 
Btaiico  of  his  falling  in  with  thr  whites  is  said  to  he  as  liillows;— (imii'nl 
Jeaitnp  had  l(>tl  Tnskpgec;  with  aliotit  700  men,  iritendinK  to  make  a  liinrt 
march  for  JVenmnthMs  camp,  which  was  on  liatchahnhlire  Hivrr.  Ax  Jr.nuu 
marched  nlonji,  his  forces  increased  to  'i7(M)  men,  of  which  I'lOO  vvt-rc  In. 
dians,  nnder  the  chiefs  Hopoillilri/nlioln  and  Jim  liny.  When  lie  had  arrived 
within  ahoiit  seven  iniles  of  JVf(im(tlhl>i\i  camp,  he  ordered  a  halt,  |n  n  iVcsli 
his  men  and  horses,  at  the  expense  of  the  heantifnl  oatlields  of  ihr  Iiiilmii>i, 
While  the  army  lay  here,  n  scout  discovered  JK'eamnlhln  on  iKiiveJiack.  ||(> 
liad  concluded  to  surrender,  and  had  a  white  cloth  tied  ahont  his  licml,  ninl 
somit  white  pu'ment  tiir  a  fla;;,  extendetl  upon  n  Htick,  and  was  apprimiliinir 
towards  them.  They  ordered  him  to  halt,  hut  ho  gave  no  heed  to  tlicni,  tiiiiii 
within  a  fow  paces.  He  was  taken  to  (Jen.  Jrsaup''8  camp,  and  made  prisdinr. 
With  him  wtsre  IiIh  son  and  daiightiM',  and  a  meco  of  .Wo  Mico,  Tlic  two 
females  were  released,  hut  his  son  was  contiiied  with  him  at  Foil  iMiidn  1|, 
On  heinj?  nsked  where  he  was  going  when  he  was  taken,  he  said  his  life  Iukj 
hcon  throutniiod  hy  his  own  people,  and  lie  was  hastening  to  Fort  Mitchell,  tn 
give  himself  up. 

JVen  JWifco  had  Bomo  dnvs  before  given  himself  up.     He  was  considfii  ,|  ,1 

great  chief.     David  Harchge,  a  hnlf-hreed,  was  taken  hy  surprise,  with  nl t 

a  hundred  of  his  men,  witli  tlieir  women  and  children.  By  the  Hth  of  .him, 
there  had  boon  secured  between  M  and  4000  Indiuim,  which  were  dcs|ml(li(i| 
for  the  west  as  fast  as  circimistances  woidd  admit. 

A  party  of  about  (iO  warriors,  who  were  endeavoring  to  escape  into  Floiidn, 
were  overtaken  by  Col.  Benl,  in  Chickasatchie  Swnmp,  Baker  county,  Alnliiiiii;i, 
and  a  considerable  skirmish  ensued.  Nino  Indians  wen;  killed  an(l  yOwoninl- 
ed.  Of  Col.  BeaVs  men,  two  were  killed  and  seven  wounded.  The  Iiiili,iii> 
were  left  in  jiossession  of  the  swamp. 

The  followhig  account  was  published  in  the  Georgia  Herald  of  tlieQS.hiii(', 
at  Columbus.  It  is  headed,  "Grand  Kntree  into  Fort  MiTtHK.M,,"  iiml 
then  proceeds  : — "On  the  22  Juno,  we  witnessed  the  grand  entree  of  n  dniw 
of  savages  into  the  Fort  [Mitchell]  consisting  of  men,  women  and  ciiildnn, 
in  all  about  1000;  among  them  200  warriors;  they  were  brought  in  hy  n  li;;i- 
talion  of  Alabama  cavalry,  under  the  conmiand  of  Maj.  Gen.  Pntkrsnv.  Tin 
m»'n  were  yilaced  within  the  walls  of  the  fort,  while  the  women  and  cliililnii 
were  encamped  on  the  outside.  It  was  an  assetnblago  of  hiunan  lieinfis,  siidi 
as  we  had  never  before  witnessed,  and  the  sight  filled  us  with  thoughts  ami  tn  I- 
ings  to  which  we  shall  not  give  vent  at  this  time.  They  were  of  all  ages,  iVmii  11 
month  old  to  a  hundred  years, — of  all  sizes,  from  the  little  papoosie  to  tin 
giant  warrior.  The  old  "  Blind  King"  as  he  is  called,  rode  in  tlie  ccntic nt 
the  throng,  and  although  it  nas  been  many  years  since  he  lieheld  the  liglitil' 
day,  yet  has  the  feelings  of  hostility  contimicfl  to  rankle  at  his  heart.  Tin 
names  of  the  hostile  chieft  who  have  been  taken  and  have  come  in,  nir  A'l 
E-Mathla,  Octo  Archo-Emathla,  [f)robably  son  of  N'eamathla,\  Miccockohj,  or 
Blind  King,  Thistee-J^itggee,  Chopko-  Yar-bar-Hadjo." 


I.A.  [Hook  IV 

Ih."  QPtli  of  Jnn.', 
•iiltiiltly  lit  Mil  (11(1, 
vo  iirtirly  III!  iMM'ti 
itliM  wen-  lit  work 
I  bcytiiiil  ilic  MJN- 
Itc  pmnKlii'd  Willi 

iH(l  (tf  rrii'iidly  In 
'vii)iiM  hf  wns  Klip. 

It  ll»>   WIIH  I'dIIIhI  ill 
llO    HUIII*-    tillic   nlil 

ic  (lay  lit'  lilt"  riip. 
iiHiiH.  Tlir  circiiiii- 
I'dllows: — (Jt'iHTiil 
;  to  iniikt'  a  ilinrt 
1  UiviT.     As  Jn.iiij) 

lich    ir»()0   VV.Tr   111- 

'lirii  Ih'  IiikI  iirriviil 
(•(\  n  liiill,  In  n  iVt'sli 

■Ills  of  tiif  iiiiruiiis, 

on  lioix'liiick.  Ill' 
iboiit  his  lifiiil,  iiml 
ml  WHS  ii|H»niU('hiiiL' 
I  litM'il  to  tlii'iii,  niiii'i 
,  aiul  inmlt^  linsumr. 
W«  Miro,  Tlir  nvii 
iiii  lit  Fort  Miii'lii'll, 
,  \w  Haul  his  lii'i'  liiul 
g  to  l''ort  iVlitciiuii,tii 

lie  was  considfii  .1  !i 

Hiirpriw,  with  almiii 

I   By  the  Hth  of  Jiiin', 

lich  were  (IcHimtclinl 

n  escape  into  Floriiln, 
ker  coiintv,  Alahmim, 
killed  an(i'-20\v(iiiii(l- 

mided.    The  Imiiun- 

[lerald  of  tlie2f<Jniii', 

JRT   MlTCIIKI.L,"  mill 

.-and  entree  of  a  (Imvi 
women  and  cliililnn. 
1'  broiijiht  in  by  a  l'"t- 

Gen.  Pntterxnn.  Tin 
,  women  and  cliililnii 
»f  liumaii  bein{:s,siiili 
Arith  tliousrhls anil  I'll- 
jcreof  all  afies,  frmiui 
little  papoosic  to  ili' 
Irode  in  die  eentifol 
llie  beheld  the  hglit"! 

le  at  his  heart.     Fli. 

liHve  eome  in,  air  M 
ithla,\  JVftccoc/w/ei/.or 


fctj 


,/'        //' ' 


//../. 


/■■//,,•!.     ',/.' '  ,y /'■!//■ 


/  ../', 


CHAP.  XIII.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


97 


m. 


T0% 

m  ■ 


I 


■■' ,  f  t(f  ^r  tlf 


■  If''' 


CHAP,  xni.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


97 


CHAPTER   Xm. 


HISTORY   OF    THE    EXPATRIATION    OF    THE    CHEROKEES. 


■'Some  entortiin,  tlint  tlni  liistory  of  llicso  pronont  limrs  nuiRt  not  bn  written  by  nny  one  alive  ; 
wliich,  in  my  opinion,  is  (liajiriirolol  to  an  historian,  and  very  prejudicial  to  posterity  ;  as  if  they 
were  to  write  nt  a  (lintance,  that  ohiicurity  inisht  protect  their  mistakes  from  discovery.  Others 
also  say  llie  trntli  is  not  lipe  enouph  to  be  writ  in  the  ajje  wo  livi!  in:  So  |)oliticians  would 
not  huvo  the  historian  to  tread  on  the  heels  of  the  times,  lest  the  times  tread  on  his  heels," 

WiNJTANLY. 

"Still  to  the  white  man's  wants  there  is  no  end: 
He  said,  ■  beyond  those  hills  ho  would  not  come.' 
But  to  the  western  sens  his  hands  extend, 
Ere  yet  his  promise  dies  upon  his  tongue." — Unpublished  Poem. 

WiiiLF,  the  war  is  progressing  in  Florida,  wo  will  proceed  to  lay  open 
n  few  |)ages  of  Clierokee  history,  [)raying,  in  the  mean  time,  for  its  speedy 
conclusion. 

The  situation  of  the  Cherokee  country  is  most  delightiiil ;  it  is  every  tiling 
iliat  heart  could  wish,  whether  actnatcd  l)y  the  hest  or  worst  of  motives.  It 
lies  in  about  thirty-five  degrees  of  northern  Intitudt!,  hound.^d  north  and  west 
hv  Tennessee,  on  the  south  hy  Alabama,  and  easterly  by  (ieorgia  luid  North 
Cmolina,  com|)rising  about  8,000  s»|uare  miles.  In  idO'<i  it  contained  ll,17.'>; 
tlic  (lirterence  having  been  sold  to  the  I^nittMl  States  for  the  use  of  Georgia. 

Tliat  country  is  well  watered  by  living  springs,  in  every  part,  whost;  Ibun- 
taiiis  arc  like  res<'rvoirs  raised  to  a  great  height  by  the  art  of  man ;  they  hav- 
ing; tlio  superior  advantage  of  being  natural  restTvoirs,  raised  by  springs  in 
tlicir  lofty  range  of  mountains  which  strtitch  across  the  whole  nation.  Jn  the 
north  it  is  hilly;  but  in  the  south  are  numerous  fi'itile  jilains,  in  part  covered 
with  tJiil  trees,  through  which  beautiful  streams  of  water  glide.  Here  cattle, 
in  vast  herds,  roam,  and  horses  are  pl(;nty,  and  in  all  the  ordinary  uses  among 
the  Indians.  Flocks  of  shetjp,  goats,  and  swine,  live  on  the  slopes  of  the  hills. 
On  thi'ir  navigable  rivers  the  Cherokees  have  vessels  engjiged  in  commerce. 
Their  sju-ing  opens  in  great  bt;auty;  the  soil  is  excellent  for  corn,  cotton, 
tniiaccn,  wheat,  oats,  indigo,  sweet  and  Irish  potatoes;  and  the  [leople  had,  in 
lr'2."),  huguii  to  export  cotton  to  New  Orleans  in  their  own  vessels. 

They  have  public  roads,  and  taverns  with  good  acconmiodations,  and 
liiittcr  and  '•heese  are  common  upon  the  ordinary  tables  of  the  Indiiin  inhab- 
itants. Neat  and  flourishing  villages  have  already  sprung  into  being.  Cotton 
ami  woollen  cloths  are  manufat^tured,  and  bi/  native  Indian  hands.  There  is 
siaiccly  a  fiimily  which  do(;s  not  raise  cotton  sufiicicnit  for  its  own  use. 
Thtir  tVadt!  is  almost  wholly  carried  on  by  native  Cherokees.  The  mtit-haiiic 
arts  aio  coiisid(!ral)ly  cultivated,  although  agriculture  chiefiy  engages  the  at- 
tention of  th(!  inhabitants. 

Ill  IHIO,  there  wen;  about  10,000  inhabitants,  and  in  iSQH  they  liad  in- 
cri'asod  to  ll},.')(!;i,  all  natives;  tliere  were,  in  addition,  147  white  men  married 
in  the  nation,  and  7'^  white  women.  Of  slaves  tliere  were  1,277.  Hence  it  is 
liiaiii  that  the  Cherokees  do  not  decrtiast;,  but  liave,  in  about  five  years,  iti- 
rroasod  over  Jij-WO.  This  is  etpial,  at  least,  to  the  increase  of  white  popiila- 
lioii  undtir  similar  circumstances. 

Ik  tin-  laws  of  the  nation,  the  whites  are  allowed  the  privileges  of  natives, 
t'W(|)t  that  of  suffrage,  together  with  their  ineligiliility  to  hold  offices.  Some 
of  the  Cherokees,  following  the  example  of  their  southern  neighbors,  have 
liciouK!  siav('-liold(M*s;  buying  tlufir  negrotis  of  white  men  who  liring  thtiin 
into  the  nation.  And  here  the  reflection  naturally  arises  in  the  inquiry  upoii 
the  idlative  barbarity  of  the  white  and  red  mcui.  It  was  strongly  iirgt^d  by 
jionii'  soiitliern  slalrsmen,  that  the  Indians  were  such  barbarous  wretchcis  that 
tlii'v  conhl  not  tliiuk  of  living  beside  them  ;  and  yet  poor  Afi^icans  are  sold 
Itythcin  to  these  barhnrians !  But,  unlike  the  whites  in  one.  particular,  tlitjy 
will  not  mix  with  their  slaves. 

The  nation  was  reorganized  in  1800,  and  by  a  resolve  of  its  national  coun- 
cil, divided  into  eight  districts,  each  of  which  had  the  jirivilege  of  sending 
9 


It* 


b^' 


I 


», 


'         >  til 


.  k' 


'X 


1:    '4ti^ 


•  It      h\ 


98 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


[Book  IV. 


four  members  to  tne  legislature.  The  pay  of  members  was  estul)lishc(l  nt 
one  dollar  per  day;  that  of  the  !speakt;r  beiiif.'  fixed  at  one  and  a  half  (lojluriii 
and  the  principal  ehiels  were  to  receive  150  dollars  a  year.  Some  of  their 
principal  laws  and  regulations  were — a  prohibition  of  s[)irituoiis  licinois  |),,. 
ing  l)rought  into  the  nation  by  white  men.  If  a  white  man  took  a  Cliciokcfi 
wife,  he  must  marry  her  according  to  their  laws ;  but  her  proj)crty  was  imt 
affected  by  such  imion.  No  man  was  allowed  but  one  wife.  A  .jiulgc,  inar. 
shal,  sheriff  and  (hfputy,  and  two  constables,  were  commissioned  in  each  dis. 
trict.  Embezzlement,  intercejjting  and  opening  scaled  letters,  was  pniiisJKil 
by  a  fine  of  100  dollars,  ami  100  lashes  on  the  hare  back.  No  business  miis 
allowed  on  Sundays;  and  fences  were  regulated  by  statute.  They  also  hini 
a  statute  of  limitations,  which,  however,  did  not  affect  notes  or  settled  iic- 
comits.  A  will  was  valid,  if  fbimd,  on  the  decease  of  its  maker,  to  have  hcin 
written  by  him,  and  witnessed  by  two  creditable  persons.  A  man  Icuviiiir  no 
will,  all  his  children  shared  equal,  and  his  wife  as  one  of  them ;  if  he  left  no 
children,  then  the  widow  to  have  a  fourth  part  of  all  property ;  the  otlicr 
three  fourths  to  go  to  his  nearest  relations.  And  so  if  the  wife  died,  leaviii" 
l)roi)erty.  Before  the  division  of  the  nation  into  districts,  and  the  appoint" 
ment  of  the  above-named  civil  officers,  there  was  an  organized  con)|iai:v  dt" 
light-horse,  which  executed  the  orders  of  the  chiefs,  searched  out  oHiiidcrs 
and  brought  them  to  justice.  It  was  a  fundamental  law,  that  no  land  slidiikl 
be  sold  to  the  white  people,  without  the  authority  of  a  majority  of  the  nation. 
Transgressors  of  this  law  were  punished  with  death. 

The  Cherokees  were  similarly  situated  to  the  Creeks,  in  respect  to  the  I'ni- 
ted  States.  They  had  beeti  treated  with  from  the  earliest  days  of  the  repnh- 
lic,  as  an  independent  nation,  with  only  this  difference — the  United  folates 
regarding  treaty  siipulations  with  them  without  any  regard  to  t!,cii-  wcakncs.'i 
or  inability  to  defend  themselves  against  unjust  intrusions.  And  thus  wen; 
they  considered  through  the  early  administrations  of  this  government ;  nntil 
political  intrigue  had  become  the  order  of  the  day,  and  to  strengthen  a  jiaitv 
by  the  accession  of  a  state,  it  was  found  nec(!ssary  to  disregani  sacred  trea- 
ties, net  at  first  by  an  o])en  denial  of  obligation.s,  but  by  a  })erversiou  of  lai;- 
guage,  authorizing  "any  means  to  encompass  the  end."  And  like  the  deck 
nation,  the  Cherokees  were  tampered  with,  and  eventually  divided  and  mined; 
thus  verifying  that  remarkable  jiassagc  of  Scripture,  namely,  "a  house  divided 
against  itself  cannot  stand." 

The  consequences  w  hicli,  by  every  thinking  mind,  wore  considered  sure  to 
follow,  did  follow  ;  but  not  so  immediately  as  liad  been  anticipated,  rcasonin;; 
from  the  sununary  course  which  the  Creeks  had  ])ursued  in  executing  ven- 
geance upon  the  heads  of  a  similar  faction,  for  a  precisely  similar  oiitnim 
upon  the  will  and  the  laws  of  that  nation.  But  the  i<lay  of  retribution  was 
at  hand,  and  the  heads  of  the  Cherokee  faction  have  met  a  like  late  in  the 
distiuit  land  to  which  tney  luul  forced  tl'eir  despairing  executioners.  Tlie 
history  of  the  fate  of  llidge  and  his  associate's  will  go  down  upon  the  same 
page  of  history  with  that  of  Mackintosh ;  over  which  the  philaiitliro|)i.st  of 
succeeding  ages  will  mourn,  and  the  philosopher  will  frown  with  just  indig- 
nation, as  he  contem])lates  the  source  of  guilt  whence  the  stream  flowed. 

But  the  bare  recital  of  the  events  in  the  history  of  the  Cherokees  is  suffi- 
cient to  create  the  deepest  feelings  of  connniseration  in  evei-y  breast,  without 
any  reflections  from  the  historian. 

Georgia,  finding  she  could  not  drive  the  United  States  government  into 
her  measiu'es  for  the  forcible  possession  of  tire  Cherokee  coimtry,  resolved 
to  do  soon  her  own  account;  but  not  having  the  courage  to  go  sword  in 
hand,  and  do  it  at  a  blow,  she  resorted  to  the  ecpially  condemnable  coin.se  of 
manag(>  iient,  which  was  to  seize  upon  the  country  under  color  of  law.  And 
those  laws,  niadc!  for  the  very  occasion,  were  so  exceedingly  oj)pressive  that 
the  bidians  could  not  live  under  them. 

The  laws  alluded  to  were  jiassed  on  the  20th  of  December,  1829,  by  the 
legislature  of  the  state  of  Georgia,  and  were  of  this  complexion:  "It  is  here- 
by ordained  that  all  the  laws  of  (Jeorgia  are  extended  over  the  Cherokee 
country.  That  aflei  the  1st  day  of  June,  ISJO,  all  Indians  then  and  at  that 
time  residing  in  said  territory,  shall  be  liable  and  subject  to  such  laws  and 


[Book  IV, 

estublislicd  nt 
I  a  hult'  (lolliirn, 

Some  of  llicir 
louH  luiiiors  lie- 
3ok  a  ('lit'iokcc 
opcrty  WHS  imi 
A  jtul^'t',  iimr- 
led  ill  I'iii'li  (lis- 
s,  was  piinislicd 

0  l)usiiu'ss  wiw 
They  also  Imd 

!S  or  settled  ac- 
Lcr,  to  have  bein 

1  mail  leaviuir  no 
111 ;  if  lie  left  no 
lerty ;  the  otlicr 
vife  died,  ieaviii},' 
mid  the  ajipDiiit- 
ized  coiiiiiauy  of 
ed  out  oti'eiidcis, 
at  no  land  slMnikl 
rity  of  the  iiutiun, 

espcct  to  the  I'lii- 
ays  of  the  re|)iil)- 
tlie  United  Status 
to  t'.ieir  weakness, 
s.     And  tlms  wen; 
Efovernineiit ;  nmil 
"strengtlien  a  iniiiy 
■egarcl  sacred  trea- 
,  perversion  of  lar.- 
iid  like  the  Ciwk 
ivided  andniincd: 
[y,"a  house  divided 

considered  sure  to 
ticipated,  reasoning; 

ill  executiiifr  vcji- 
;ly  similar  ovitnip! 

of  retribution  was 
it  a  like  fate  in  the 
pxecutioners.  Tlu' 
Uvii  upon  the  same 
h  philanthropist  ol' 
[vn  with  just  iudig- 
[stream  flowed. 
Cherokces  is  suffi- 

^el7  breast,  witlium 

Is  government  into 
country,  resolved 
[ixv,  to  go  sword  In 
lieiiinable  course  of 
color  of  law.  Aiul 
ligly  oppressive  tliai 

Liber,  1829,  by  the 
(cxion:  "Itishere- 
lover  the  Cherokee 
Is  then  and  at  that 
bt  to  sucli  laws  and 


Chap.  XIII] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


99 


> 


reirulations  as  the  legislature  may  Iiorcatler  prcscrilie.  That  all  laws,  usages, 
and  customs,  made  and  established,  and  «;nforced  in  the  said  territory,  i)y  tlie 
jiaid  Ciierokee  Jndians,  lie,  and  tiie  same  are  hereby,  on  and  after  the  l.st  day 
of  June,  IriliO,  declared  null  and  void  ;  and  no  Indian,  r>r  descendant  of  an 
Indiuii,  residing  within  the  Creek  or  Cherokee  nations  of  Indian.s,  hhall  be 
(ieciiied  a  com})etent  witness,  or  party  to  any  suit  in  any  court,  wiiere  a  vvhito 
jiian  is  a  deli'iidaiit."  Hueli  is  a  specimen  of  the  laws  alluded  to ;  iiiuned  to 
throw  the  Indians  into  entire  eoniiision,  that  they  might  be  tiie  more  easily 
overroiiie,  destroyed,  or  forced  from  the  land  of  their  nativity. 

Tiiat  the  Clierokees  could  not  live  under  the  laws  of  (Georgia  is  most 
nmiiili'st,  and  it  is  equally  manitest  that  said  laws  were  never  made  in  expec- 
lation  that  they  could  be  submitted  to.  Thus  the  constitution  of  tiie  United 
States  was  trampled  on  with  Jiipunity,  by  an  utter  disregard  of  one  of  its 
i\|»i('ss  provisions,  "That  no  state  shall  pass  any  law  or  laws  going  to  impair 
Ilif  obligation  of  contracts."  Now,  how  could  a  Cherokee  compel  a  Georgian 
to  pcrtbrni  a  contract?  Thus  was  the  axe  not  only  laid  at  the  foot  ol"  the 
tree  of  Cherokee  liberty,  but  it  was  shortly  to  be  wielded  by  the  strong  arm 
of  jiower  with  deadly  effect. 

Alariii  now,  as  well  it  might,  was  seen  perched  upon  the  brow  of  every 
true  Cherokee,  and  they  began  to  revolve  in  their  minds  the  nature  of  their 
condition,  and  to  inquire  of  one  another  what  they  were  to  do.  They  remon- 
stratwl,  but  remonstriuice  was  met  with  contumely,  and  ail  the  hauglitinesa 
that  cliaracteri.'X's  the  triumph  of  might  over  right. 

Tliougli  conscious  of  the  rectitude  of  their  intentions,  the  Clierokees  were 
deteriiiined  not  to  persist  in  any  course,  however  just  it  might  appear  to  them, 
witliout  first  consulting  some  of  the  ablest  jurists  and  best  men,  as  well  as 
the  most  devoted  to  the  good  of  their  country,  among  the  eminent  men  of  the 
fiiited  States.  There  was  but  one  ojiinion  among  them.  Chief  Justice  Mar- 
t:|ia!l,  Chancellor  Kent,  William  Wirt,  Mr.  Justice  M'Lane,  Daniel  Webster, 
and  Henry  Clay,  are  names  carrying  authority  with  them;  aii  array  of  talent 
wliieli  other  nations  may  equal,  but  not  surpass. 

Accordingly  the  Indians  brought  their  case  before  the  supreme  court  of  the 
1  lilted  States,  wliere  it  was  argued  witli  fidelity  and  ability  by  Mr.  Sargent 
and  Mr.  Wirt,  and  finally  and  clearly  given  in  favor  of  the  Clierokees.  Mr. 
Wirt  happily  adverted,  in  his  argument,  to  the  past  and  jiresent  conduct  of 
Georgia;  reminded  her  tiiat,  with  the  other  states,  she  had  cooperated  with 
the  most  Christian  assiduity  and  perseverance  to  bring  about  a  change  in  the 
intellectual  and  moral  condition  of  that  people;  and  having  completely 
itiected  tiie  purpose,  she  found  in  this  very  change  a  ground  of  cpiaiTel  with 
Ihein,  as  well  as  with  her  sister  states,  her  auxiliaries  in  the  laudable  work ; 
aeensing  these  of  hypocrisy  and  an  afiected  benevolence,  by  which  they  were 
violating  Georgia's  sovereign!  in  bringing  up  an  independent  government 
within  her  chartered  limits ;  that  so  long  as  they  were  savages  mid  barba- 
rians, Georgia  had  no  objection  to  their  governing  themselves,  but  having  now 
heroine  civilized,  and  consecpiently  capable  of  governing  tliemselves,  their 
riirlit  of  self-governmeut  must  cease.  "  Hence  we  ask,"  says  Mr.  Wirt,  "  what 
can  this  unfortunate  people  do  ?  " 

"The  existence  of  this  remnant  of  a  once  great  and  mighty  nation,"  added 
Mr.  Wirt,  "is  at  stake,  and  it  is  for  this  court  to  say  whether  they  shall  be 
hlotted  out  from  creation,  in  utter  disregard  of  all  our  treaties.  They  are 
here  in  the  last  extremity,  and  with  them  must  perish  forever  the  honor  of 
the  American  name.  Tlie  faith  of  our  nation  is  fiitally  linked  witli  their 
existence,  and  the  blow  which  destroys  them  quenches  forever  our  own 
{ikiry;  tor  what  glory  can  there  be  of  which  a  jiatriot  can  be  proud,  after  the 
good  name  of  his  country  shall  have  departed  ?  We  may  gather  laurels  on 
the  tipld  of  battle,  and  trofihies  on  the  ocean,  but  they  will  never  hide  this 
ioul  blot  ujion  our  escutcheon.  'Remember  the  Cherokee  nation,' will  be 
answer  enough  to  the  proudest  boasts  that  we  can  ever  make.  Such,  it  is 
jiossible,  there  may  be  who  are  v/illing  to  glory  in  their  own  shame,  but  thank 
Heaven,  they  are  comparatively  flnv.  The  great  majority  of  tiie  American 
peoide  see  this  subject  in  its  true  ligiit.  And  I  cannot  believe  that  this  lionor- 
able  court,  possessing  the  power  of  preservation,  will  stand  by  and  see  these 


■■■(  ■/■•'.'•  ,.tl'mli 


■     '    •'■   ■    .  ■        <    ■  1.     k,   .     ■"-.' 


m 


100 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


[Book  IV 


people  stnppod  of  their  proporty  ninl  oxtirpntcd  from  tlie  onrtli,  wliilc  )||py 
are  holding  up  to  us  tlicir  treaties  niid  ciaiiiiiiifr  the  Inlfiliiirnt  ol  our  cni'.iir,,'. 
ments.  If  truth,  and  fiiith,  and  honor,  and  justirc,  luivc  tied  fi-oiu  cvon  oih(r 
part  of  our  country,  we  hIiuII  find  tlieni  iiere.  If  not,  our  sim  has  jrom'  dnwn 
111  treachery,  blooJ,  and  crime,  in  the  tiice  of  the  world;  and  instead  (ilhi  ipcr 

firoud  of  our  country,  we  may  well  call  upon  the  rocks  and  mountains  to 
lide  our  shame  li'om  earth  and  heaven." 

Such  were  the  opinions  of  tht;  ^nmt  and  good  upon  the  Chorokoe  c|ii('stinii' 
but  how  was  he  iriistaki^n  in  respect  to  the  virtue  of  a  frovermuent,  o)  wliidi' 
he  was  a  pillar  and  chief  sup|)orter  in  nil  its  just  dealinjfs!  Willi  whnt  i-iiif 
must  he  have  seen,  notwithstanding  the  sacritices  and  cflbrts  'le  IkkI  nimif. 
to  obtain  justice,  and  the  decision  of  the  highest  tril)unal  ot  his  chidiiiy 
all  disregarded,  this  decision  set  at  naught,  and  that  country's  sun  fco  (/oinj 
in  treacherif,  blood,  and  crime !  And  it  is  with  deep  melancholy  we  add,  tluit 
the  great  statesman  and  ]»hiIanthropist  saw  the  near  approach  to  the  lioilzon 
of  the  once  glowing  star  of  empire  of  a  noble  people !  He  saw,  as  his  dwn 
lami)  flickered  on  the  eve  of  departure  to  another  world,  that  deep  stain  lid] 
upon  the  escutcheon  of  his  country's  honor,  which  he  had  «o  mucli  fcmd. 
William  Wirt  descended  to  the  tomb  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  iK}."). 

The  Cherokees,  like  the  Creeks,  had,  by  designing  and  avaricious  mpn 
been  divided  into  two  parties,  v.hicli  were  distinguished  from  one  another  hv 
very  marked  differences.  The  jieople  composing  the  first  Avere  geiieriiHv 
temjierate,  industrious,  and  frugal ;  had  made  great  advancement  in  the  arts 
of  civilized  life,  and  hence  had  become  far  more  attached  to  their  rouiitrv 
than  those  of  an  ojiposite  character.  The  other  part  of  the  nation  coiisistpli 
of  a  majority  of  indolent,  intemperate,  roving,  and  ignorant  citizens ;  always 
restless,  ever  ready  to  hear  to  any  new  smooth-tongued  miscreant,  who  iiiii.''|it 
throw  himself  among  them  upon  any  design.  Yet  there  were  many  ainoiiff 
the  second  party  whose  character  was  good,  and  who  were  made  serioiislv  to 
think  that  it  would  be  for  their  interest  to  sell  out  their  possessions,  and  tak( 
up  a  new  country  beyond  the;  Mississippi.  But  the  talent  and  learning  were 
not  with  them,  and  cons(!quently  they  had  not  the  ability  to  judge  of  snoh  a 
project,  according  to  the  admonitions  of  the  true  policy  of  the  nation. 

At  the  period  of  Cherokee  history  now  under  consideration,  that  nation 
contained  a  population  of  18,000  souls.  How  near  it  was  divided  in  respect 
to  numbers  is  not  precisely  known,  but  that  part  I  have  denominated  the  first 
was  by  far  the  most  numerous,  as  well  as  the  most  respectable.  These  two 
parties  had  each  its  heat'  or  leader,  and  was  known  by  his  name.  Mr.  Jolm 
Ross  led  the  first,  and  Major  Ridge  the  second.  Mr.  Ross  had  become  an 
eminent  citizen,  and  being  possessed  of  a  fine  education,  respectable  talents, 
and  extensive  and  enlarged  views  upon  all  subjects,  soon  became  proiniiient 
without  any  efforts  to  make  himself  so.  On  the  other  hand  Mr.  Ridge,  tlioiiirh 
greatly  beloved  by  his  own  people,  and  highly  respected  among  the  wiiitcs, 
had  not  the  moral  courage  to  witlistand  temjiations  that  a  true  jtatriot 
requires. 

Such  was  the  condition  of  things,  when  it  was  decided  by  the  siijireinc 
court  of  the  United  States,  that  Georgia  must  not  execute  her  pernicious  laws 
in  and  over  the  Cherokee  country.  Yet,  as  lias  already  been  observed,  sJie 
did  proceed  to  execute  then),  and  finding  that  many  of  the  Indians  woidd  not 
at  once  be  forced  away  by  their  cruel  and  opj)ressive  execution,  but  (■oiitiiiiicd 
to  suffer  under  them,  resort  was  had  to  buying  up  such  of  the  chief's  and 
head  men  of  the  nation  as  money  would  succeed  with.  And,  finally,  a  tieaty 
was  made  with  such  men  as  bribery  influenced,  and  on  its  strength,  event- 
ually, the  Cherokees  were  forced  beyond  the  Mississippi. 

The  engagement  entered  into  with  Georgia  by  the  United  States  govern- 
ment in  1809,  has,  in  a  former  chapter,*  been  noticed.  In  that  conipnrt  tliere 
was  no  stipidation  that  the  Cherokees  should,  at  any  time,  be  forced  to  sell 
their  remaining  lands ;  but  when  they  were  tdllinsCi  'f  ""y  such  time  slioidd 
ever  arrive,  and  the  price  should  not  be  an  objection,  then  the  United  States 
had  the  power,  and  not  till  then,  to  buy  out  the  Cherokees. 


*  Book  IV.,  page  53,  ante. 


[Book  IV 

lio  cnrth,  wliilc  tlicy 
nrnt  ot  our  ciiKimr- 
Icd  1'mni  ('v<M-y  (mIh  r 
•  Sim  lias  pone  down 
and  instead  ot  licii',' 
;s  and  niomitaiiis  U) 

3  Chorokoo  (iiicstloii ; 
r()vcrniu(Mit,  ot'wliiili 
rs!     Willi  wliat  j;ri(t' 
cfibrts  ■»•  liad  niiido 
Dunal  of  liis  cmimvy, 
•ountry's  srin  /ro  doitn 
lanclioly  ve  add,  tluii 
iproacli  to  tlic  lion/on 
lie  saw,  as  his  (iwn 
Id,  tliat  dor])  stain  liill 
had  «o  nmcli  fcnrtd. 
ig  of  the  year  1^:55. 
r  and  avaririons  iiini, 
(I  IVom  one  anotlu-r  liy 
e  first  were  fiiiu>rally 
Ivanoemcnt  in  the  arts 
ached  to  their  coiiiitiy 
of  the  nation  ponsistctl 
norant  citi/x'iis ;  always 
d  miscreant,  who  iniL'lit 
here  Avere  many  anumg 
were  made  serifiiisly  to 
sir  possessions,  and  tako 
alent  and  learning  were 
jility  to  judge  of  siioii  a 
[•y  of  the  nation, 
iisideration,  that  nation 
was  divided  in  ivsjiect 
vc  denominated  the  tirst 
resi)ectal>le.    These  two 
bv  his  name.    My.  Jolm 
Ar.  Ross  ha<l  becoiiic  lui 
tion,  respectable  talents, 
soon  became  proiuiiipm 
hand  Mr.  Ridge,  tlunigli 
cteA  among  the  wiiitrs, 
Ions  that  a  trne  patriot 

llecided  by  the  snprpinc 
fciite  her  pemicious  laws 
Isadv  been  observed,  slie 
t)f  the  Indians  would  not 
rexeciition,  but  coiitimied 
,  such  of  the  chiels  ami 
Ith.  And,  finally,  a  treaty 
]d  on  its  strength,  event- 

lippi* 

|,e  United  States  govern- 

ll      In  that  compart  there 
Iv  time,  be  ibr.-ed  to  se 
Tif  anv  stich  tune  sliouW 
ll,  then  the  United  States 
okees. 


CHif.  XIII.] 


IIISTORV  OF  TllK  CIIKROKEES. 


101 


But,  in  1835,  Georgia  Imd  become  so  clamorous,  that  "the  government" 
tliouglit  best  to  mak(>  an  attein|)t  to  treat  with  these  Indians  to  go  west,  on 
joine  terms  or  other.  Accordingly,  the  president  appointed  on(!  R»'v.  J.  F. 
ScliLTHierliorn,  of  New  York,  to  proceed  to  the  Cherokee  country  li)r  that 
piiriiose.  He  proceediid  to  the  nation,  and,  with  some  trouble,  got  the  eliiefa 
toiretlier,  and  o|)cued  t.'ie  nature  of  his  mission  before  them.  He  was 
intbrined  that  they  would  imt  treat  for  the  sale  of  their  country  on  any  cou- 
ditioii!!',  and  the  counnissioner  gave  up  the  design  and  returned  to  Wash- 
iiiirKtii.  But  there  is  no  safety  to  the  innocent  where  tlie  cupidity  of  designing 
knaves  can  be  brought  to  bear  upon  tluun. 

The  |)lan  inunediat(dy  adopted  by  ScbertmrJioni  was  to  seduce  some  of  tho 
chiets  by  gratuities  of  money,  and  thereby  to  get  together  such  as  he  coidd 
oltlic  nation,  f  ml,  if  possible,  make  a  treaty  with  them  which  should  bind  all 
the  rest ;  but  to  the  honor  of  the  secretary  at  war,  (leii.  Cass,  it  will  l)e  re- 
Hieiiibered,  that  wiieii  such  a  in-ojet^t  was  made  known  to  him,  lie  rejectetl  it 
witli  disdain.  Whether  this  instrument  of  injustice  was  coimtenanced  by 
men  higher  in  office  than  the  secretary  at  war,  I  leave  to  be  determined; 
Imt  however  that  might  be,  it  is  certain  that  Schermerhorn  was  found  without 
liiHS  of  time  pursuing  that  nefarious  plan,  which  (Jov.  Cass  had  set  his  seal  of 
iiiKlnaiified  disapprobation  upon.  He  circulated  notices  of  his  design  through- 
out the  Cherokee  nation,  retpiesting  them  to  irieet  him  in  council ;  and  finally 
lie  jTot  a  number  of  the  nation  together,  whicli  he  called  a  council  of  the.  mttion, 
and  made  a  treaty  with  theuj.  By  tlui  stipidations  of  this  treaty,  (falsely  so 
called,)  the  whole  country  was  to  be  given  up  to  the  whites  within  two  yeai's 
from  the  time  it  should  lie  ratified  by  the  senate  of  the  United  States. 

The  great  inajority  of  the  Cherokees,  as  lias  been  observed,  wuuld  have 
nothing  to  do  with  Schermerhorn,  and  consetpiently,  whatever  he  did  had 
nothing  to  do  with  them ;  and  when  its  acknowledgment  and  acceptance 
were  urged  at  Washington,  it  was  rebutted  with  the  astounding  memorial, 
siffiied  by  wear  fifteen  thousand  of  the  nation,  |)rotesting  in  the  strongest  terms, 
that  the  instrument  procured  by  Schermerhorn  was  utterly  false,  and  unuu- 
thorized  by  the  Cherokees.  Yet  atler  all  that  those  15,000  peojile  could  do, 
that  tnalyj  was,  with  sonni  little  variation,  published  to  the  world,  at  the  city 
of  Washington,  on  the  14th  of  March,  18."W,  as  the  act  of  that  nation ! 

When  the  nation  found  that  the  i)arty  wliich  had  executed  the  treaty  were 
goinf.'  to  Washington  to  further  its  ratification,  the  council  of  the  nation  im- 
mediately appointed  a  delegation  of  twenty  of  its  best  men  to  [iroceed  there 
also,  elothed  with  authority  to  represent  tlieir  countrymen  truly.  It  had  be- 
cnine  now  apparent  that  if  they  would  not  sell  their  country  for  tohat  it  was 
th':pkasure  of  the  government  to  give,  they  would  be  driven  from  it  without  any 
tiling';  tlierefore,  all  that  was  left  for  them  to  do,  was  to  get  the  best  terms 
they  could.  And  it  was  finally  agreed  by  the  authorized  delegation,  that  they 
wunid  ahide  by  such  an  awanl  as  the  senate  should  make  tor  their  lands,  jtro- 
vided  that  when  it  was  laid  before  the  nation,  it  should  be  consented  to  by  it; 
actordingly,  a  pajier  was  signed  by  the  Indians,  agreeing  to  abide  the  action 
of  the  senate.  Of  that  action,  Mr.  Ross,  the  principal  chief,  says,  he  would 
not  have  complained,  if  it  had  been  "fully  and  fiiirly"  obtained  ;  but  "a  res- 
olutioa  was  submitted  at  midnight,  on  the  3d  of  March,  just  as  the  s(uiate 
were  about  to  separate,  premising,  that,  in  its  opinion,  the  jiresident  ought  to 
allow  a  Sinn  not  exceeding  5,000,000  of  dollars.  This  resolution,  jiroposed  in 
a  hurry,  was  carried  in  as  great  a  hurry,  and,  though  a  mere  opinion,  not 
lilwliriiig  eith(;r  the  president  or  the  senate  to  any  consequent  action,  was 
represented  to  us  as  an  '  award,^  and  we  were  told  we  had  engaged  ourselves 
to  he  hound  by  it." 

The  delegation  next  proceeded  to  lay  the  matter  before  the  nation  ;  which 
iiavinsr  done,  the  "award"  of  the  senate  was  unanimously  rejected.  But  (Jen. 
Jackson  had  now  taken  the  matter  into  his  hands,  and  whatever  might  be 
said  or  done  by  an  Indian  council,  would  make  no  diflTerence  with  his  deter- 
mination. And  when  he  found  that  they  were  reluctant  to  submit  to  what 
tliey  had  never  had  any  intention  of  agreeing  to,  he  ordered  Mr.  Secretary 
Huiris  to  inform  them,  "  that  no  propositions  for  a  treaty  would  hereafter  be 
made,  more  favorable  than  those  now  offered.  The  sum  of  five  millions  of 
9* 


■t*^R 


it     ''  ..'.  H.»'ii 


'^■■>':fiv 


i^^rn^ 


mmmfm 

•      '   '  ^ '    ■  *  '■§'■•  A'*y  ft  ■  t  y?  > ' I 

■■  :':r  ;■  i;-,  ■■■■•'n.'^H^'"Vil 


i?*'^^^' 


102 


iiisTORV  or  Tin:  cinoKoKF'.Es. 


[Book  IV, 


t^Unrs  wns  flxod  upon  by  tlic  sciiatf,  as  an  anipli'  (Miiiivalcnt  for  tlic  rcl'm. 
qwiHiiimMit  of  all  their  rij^htH  and  pusscssionH  ;  that  most  ansiircdlij  t|„.  |„.,,^j 
dfnt  vvonlil  not  wmction  any  »\\p(.'ctation,  that  nioin-  liivorahlt!  ammpiii,.|||^ 
would  li«r<>all«',r  bo  Imld  out  to  them;  that  this  wa.Ulie  lant  propusitioit  \\n, 
])resident  would  nmke  them  while  lie  was  prmdcat,  and  tlicy  nii;;lit  nliidi'  i),,, 
fonstMiuenees ;  that  they  iieed  not  expect  either  braneh  oC  tiie  v'ovciiiiiiciii 
would  c;ver  do  uny  more,  and  that,  therelbre,  they  iuhmI  not  expect  aiiolhn 
dollar."* 

ThuH  all  further  negotiation  was  eut  oiY,  and  the  Indians  had  nnthiiii;  tiir- 
tlier  to  do,  but  to  submit  to  what  they  had  long  foreseen  wt)uld  prolmhly  lie 
their  only  i>\  »!rnative. 

With  regard  to  tli»!  treaty  ot"  Deeember,  1H;J5,  procured  by  SchcrMicrlioin 
and  since  called  by  his  name,  as  also  "the  treaty  of  New  Kchotii,"  wc  1,.^! 
but  a  remark  or  two  mor«;  to  make  ;  anil,  Hrstly,  it  w ill  be  in(|uireii,  ujio  ^y 
what  part  of  the  Cherokei;  nation  male  that  treaty?  According  to  tli,.  j,,.. 
count  of  ScluM-merhorn  himself,  the  nuudier  which  he  got  together  tii  tiim 
with,  did  not  exceed  tiOO  jM-rsons,  men,  women,  and  chihiren;  of  wliicli  inini. 
ber  i)Ut  70  were  men,  and  of  these,  about  ;{0  were  Arkansas  emi^fnints,  or 
Cherokees  enrolled  for  emigration,  and  conse(|uently  had  no  real  intcicM  i|, 
the  nation,  and  had  no  right  to  act  in  matters  arfecting  its  affairs.  'J'jic  y^^^y 
has  only  to  coi>:pare  this  statement  with  the  memorial  bei()re  spoken  oi; 
signed  by  15,000  persons,  to  enabl(!  him  to  ih^cide  on  the  magnitude  dC  ih,! 
injustice  done  that  people.  Secondly,  of  the  course  "this  great  and  iiijchiv 
government"  has  pursued  to  disirdierit  bidians  in  certain  cases. 

Ill  May,  183!>,  Gen.  Carroll  was  sent  with  instructions  by  our  govonnnciit, 
to  induce  the  Cherokees  to  remove.  Some  passages  in  thost!  instnictidus 
would  never  be  believed,  were  they  not  past  contradiction,  and  staiiiij;  us  In 
thousands  in  the  fiice.  The^  recite,  that,  whereas  nothing  could  pntlmhlv  Ipt 
eti'eeted  in  open  council,  by  negotiation,  "  be  must  go  to  them,  7io<  «s  fniVo- 
tialor,  but  as  a  friend ;  appeal  to  tlie  chiefs  and  influential  men,  710/  (o};itkr, 
but  apart ;  make  offers  to  tlu-m  of  extensive  reservations  in  fee  siin]iii',  :iiul 
other  rewards;  secure,  even  from  the  chiefs,  your  ojicial  character ;  move  updii 
them  iu  the  line  of  their  prejudices  ;  tell  them,  uidess  they  remove,  their  Imn 
mil  be  trodden  under  foot ;  enlarge  upon  the  advantages  of  their  condition  in  tk 
west."  Such  is  another  specimeu  of  another  state  paper,  which  enmnated  from 
this  adiiiinistration. 

The  case  has  changed.  The  whites  have  become  powerful,  and  tln>  red 
men  liave  become  weak.  They  are  able  to  destroy,  or  drive  tliein  helba 
them  to  another  country ;  and  how  has  it  turned  ?  The  red  men  have  iiuiie. 
Who  lu'e  the  "cruel  savages?"  In  the  "great  debate,"  as  it  was  teiiiicd, on 
tlie  "Indian  bill,"  in  1830,  some  of  its  supporters  pointed  to  the  east,  and  cried 
out,  "  Savages  !  savages  ! "  because  the  voice  of  humanity  had  been  liciird  in 
that  direction  ;  but  they  might,  with  almost  equal  propriety,  have  pointed  10 
the  capital  of  the  state  of  Georgia — even  that,  where  those  most  o|>iin'ssive 
laws  originated,  contained  philanthro[)ists  too.  Tlie  votes  in  that  house  siiwd 
but  little  more  than  equally  divided,  on  the  bill  to  take  forcible  possession  of 
the  Cherokee  country.  But  the  philanthropist  is  derided  and  sconicd;  ami 
that  people  have  only  escaped  the  iron  grasp  of  superstition's  hand,  to  die  hy 
that  of  avarice.  It  used  to  be  a  proverb,  that  Justice  had  lead«!n  feet,  bnt  yei 
was  sure  to  overtake  her  enemies ;  but  where  her  feet  are  clogged  witii  ^oli 
the  proverb  requires  a  new  explication. 

We  have  seen  how  the  Schermerliorn  treaty  was  disposed  of  in  the  senate 
of  the  United  States.  The  house  of  rejiresentatives  must  vote  the  npi)n)|)ria' 
tion,  or  it  could  not  be  carried  into  effect.  When  it  came  up  there  for  iiitinn, 
some  gave  as  a  reason  for  voting  for  it,  that  they  had  no  choice,  hut  were 
bound  to  do  so,  because  the  treaty  had  been  ratified  by  the  jiresidcnt  and 
Benate,  and  it  was  hence  the  law  of  the  land.     On  the  other  hand,  it  was 

*  Tliis  cerlaiidy  was  a  slate  paper  worthy  of  "  My  government,"  "  My  ciirroiicy,"  and 
above  all,  "  My  responsibility.''  Mr.  Jackson  had  before  told  certain  bidians  that  ail  ihe 
lands  beyond  the  Mississippi  belonged  to  him!  If  the  Cherolcees  believed  he  told  liie  iniit, 
no  one  will  wonder  they  aid  not  wish  to  go  there ! 


[Book  IV. 

ent  for  tlic  rditi- 
Humthi  till-  incHi. 
I>l<!  amiii^'ciiiciitj* 
tut  proiiosilion  tlit 
y  ini^ilit  iiliiilc  till' 
r  tlm  {.Mivi'iimiriii 

lot    fXpcCt   (l)l0//((;- 

<  liatl  iintliiiiL'  I'lir- 
voulil  i)rol)ul)ly  lie 

l)y  Sclicniu'rlidni, 
F.rliota,"  we  have 
I',  iuniiin'd,  wlm  or 
cordiiif;  Id  llic  uc- 
)t  tofiftlicr  to  trim 
i!ii;  ot'wiiicli  iiiiiu- 
I118UH  nuinrmits,  m 
I  no  real  iii1cri>t  in 
itl'airH.    Tlif  ii'iiilcv 

bcloro  si)(ikt'ii  di', 
e  nmjjnitiuli'  ot'  ilu' 
H  firt-at  and  iiii;;lity 
cases. 

by  our  {loveriuiieiit, 
I  tliose  iiistnicliiiiis 
111,  and  stariiiu  lis  liy 
ir  could  prolmltiy  liu 
them,  not  as  a  miro- 
ial  men,  not  to<;dkr, 
s  in  ice  Hiniitle,  :iiul 
aracler ;  move  ii|inii 
ley  remove,  tlitir  Imn 
'  their  condition  in  Ik 

lich  emanated  from 

)\verful,  and  tli«  red 
drive  them  bil'ori, 
red  nu!!)  have  iroiie. 
us  it  was  ternii'il,  on 
to  the  east,  and  cviod 
ty  luul  been  lieanl  in 
•iety,  have  itoiiitnl  to 
lose  most  opiirccsive 
.,  ill  that  lioiii^e  stood 
brciblc  possession  ol' 
ed  and  scorned ;  and 
tion's  hand,  to  die  by 
d  Icadt-n  feet,  hut  yit 
e  ck)gged  with  j;oli 

losed  of  in  the  senate 
St  vote  the  approinia- 
le  up  there  for  action, 

no  choice,  hut  wire 
by  the  president  and 

e  other  hand,  it  was 

,t  "  "  My  currency,"  anii 
•rtaiu  Indians  thai  ail  ik« 
jelieved  lie  lold  the  tru\li, 


fH*!" 


XIV.] 


HISTORY  OF   THE  rilKROKKKS. 


103 


lioiise,  signed  l»y  nimost  the  entire  ("lieiokee  nation.     Ami  itesidcs  this,  the 
most  /ealoiis  lulvocati^s  for  removal  did  not  pretend  that  the  treaty  was  tiiirly 


jmied  tliat  tlio  action  of  the  presidi'iit  and  senate  could  never  make  that  in- 
^iriiinent  a  treaty  which  was  iiilse,  and  had  not  been  ngrced  to  by  but  one 
•inrty ;  that  this  was  tvur  abundantly  appeared  by  a  |)rotest  (hen  lietiire  tlie 

ii.se,  signed  bv  nil 

)St  /eaioiis  lulvoci 
made  hy  the  nation,  or  by  any  body  authorized  by  it;  but  they  argued  that 
the  hill  ought  to  pass  froiii  necessity,  iis  it  was  to  benefit  the  Indians  more 
lliaii  any  hody  (dse.     And  witli  this  kind  of  urgiimeiit  tlie  bill  passed,  i()2 

to  !t7. 

Thus  we  are  to  be  judges  of  what  is  best  for  our  neighbor,  and  if  lie  doen 
not  niiiform  to  our  wishes,  vv»!  will  Ihn-i'  him  to  do  so.  On  tiic  same  princi- 
|i|c  we  may  say,  that  it  is  decreed  by  iineiTing  liite  that  the  red  men  must  be 
^\\v\)l  from  the  faciuif  the  earth;  but  does  it  lollow  that  we  must  hasten  their 
mill?  With  as  imicli  reason  all  mankind  might  commit  suicide,  because  fiitc 
lijis  decreed  that  we  must  all  die,  sooner  or  later. 

As  soon  as  congrtiss  had  dispo.scd  of  the  Cherokee  (piestion,  the  executive 
ot'tlie  nation,  appreh-usive  that  troiiblii  would  arise  between  (icorgia  ami  the 
I'liciokees,  ordered  Lien.  Scott  to  repair  tliitli(!r  without  ihday.  H«!  was  soon 
oil  the  way,  witii  about  2,000  men.  This  was  early  in  the  year  IH:{f<.  Meaii- 
ivliile  Gov.  (iilmer  had  threatened  "collision,"  unless  the  \vork  of  expulsion 
\va.s  iiiiinediately  begun.  How  much  in  fi^ar  Mr.  Van  IJiiriMi  stood  of  this 
and  other  bravadoes,  we  do  not  undertake  to  say;  but  In;  pressc^d  matlers  as 
tiistiis  he  could,  more  afraid,  doubtless,  of  the  votes,  than  the  steel  of  (Jeorgiiu 

But  what  did  that  excellent  old  general  find  on  liis  arrival  in  the  Cherokee 
coiiiitiy?  Armed  Indians  behind  every  bush,  preimred  to  shed  the  last  drop 
of  their  blood  in  defence  of  their  beloved  country?  No.  Not  a  semblance 
of ojiposition  was  there;  uU  was  (piietness;  all  were  about  tlu^ir  ordinary 
affairs,  in  their  own  fii'lds,  and  by  their  own  habitations.  Having  esUiblished 
iiis  head  quarters  in  the  nation,  he  issued  a  proclamation,  re({uesting  them  to 
asseiiihle  at  certain  |)oints,  from  whence  they  would  be  sent  to  Arkansas. 
They  obeyed  the  summons,  uud  thus,  iu  due  time,  the  :ole  imtioii  were 
removed. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

EXPATRIATION    OF    THE    CHEROKEES,    CONTINUED. 

"  Wlioro  if"  my  homo — my  fori'st  liome .'    tlie  proud  l.ind  of  my  sires  ? 
Where  stiindg  tho  wigwiiiii  of  iny  pridn  .'    VVIiero  i;k'iun  the  council  fires? 
Where  nri'  my  fiither<'  hnllowed  sjriivps  ?    my  fricndn,  no  liglit  iiml  free.' 
Gone,  gone, — forever  froui  my  view  !    (ireiit  Spirit !    can  it  ho .' " — A.  W.  B. 

It  has  somehow  or  other  hapjHjned  that  great  changes  have  taken  [ilace 
in  the  minds  of  our  rulers,  or  some  of  them,  within  a  lew  years,  in  regard  to 
wiiat  certain  laws  luid  treaties  mean.  As  late  as  18'2(),  no  question  was 
raised  about  the  rights  of  the  Indians  ;  nothing  was  attempted  to  be  done,  by 
^owrnmcnt,  on  their  lands,  without  their  consent  being  tirst  obtained ;  no  one 
even  dreamed  of  laying  out  a  road  through  their  laiuls  without  their  permis- 
sion. But,  of  a  sudden,  it  is  discovered  that  the  government  has  been  hibor- 
iiijr  under  a  great  mistake  all  the  time  of  its  existence  ;  that  during  tlie  ud- 
miuistratioii  of  Andrew  Jackson,  wisdom  had  shed  her  light  so  abundant,  that 
nuiiiliers  had  risen  up  iu  her  full  armor,  and  unhesitutiugly  declared  that  the 
very  men  who  formed  our  coustiiution  knew  very  little  about  it ;  that  under 
its  provisions  no  valid  treaty  could  be  made  with  Indians ;  that  neither 
Washington,  Jefferson,  nor  John  Adams,  could  make  the  (liscovery  ;  but 
it  must  be  reserved  to  add  lustre  to  the  era  of  which  we  are  s|)eaking. 

The  compact  between  the  general  government  and  Oorgia,  iu  1802,  is  the 
principal  theme  of  their  o|.[)ressors.  Now  every  body  knows  that  with  that 
compact  the  Cherokees  had  nothing  to  do  ;  they  had  no  hand  in  forming  it, 
nor  never  consented  to  it,    A  treaty  is  a  compact  of  nmtual  concessions  and, 


'  r-   .■■l:«| 


I".    -  .'  e*  v^  "   '^  1 


^^,  ..t.  »■■ 


104 


niH'iouY  oi'  rm:  cnEuoKEKH. 


(IliJOK  IV. 


afrrrniiDits  iM-twcoii  )iiitii)iis.  Tlu'  ("licntkccri  n^^nnl  lliat  il"  lliry  rvcr  mi|,| 
tlicir  limds,  or  any  pin  I  oC  llitrii,  it  slmiilil  Uc  to  the  lliiiird  Stutcn.  Now  iiii„ 
was,  art  tiiiits  liavii  Itccii,  a  vfiy  iiM|«>rtaiil  (M'iic«!,xniiin  mi  tlic  part  (•('  iht.  i,,. 
tliaiis;  l)iit  if  tlic  tiiitli  of  the  I'liitcil  Statcn  had  Imtii  kept  inviiiiatc,  ii  \\(,i|||| 
UH  yet  have  ainimiitcd  to  hut  little, — a  small  tract  iil"  land  hi.-ii'  and  there,— 
but  it  has  now  anionnled  to  an  en  ire  country.  When  the  treulics  wnv 
formed,  it  was  niipposed  that  affiiiiiHt  thin  co!iceH«ion  the  I'nited  States  li,,,! 
put  one  of  much  ffreater  moment,  namely,  that  of  jirotidion.  What  Iium'  w,, 
seen?  the  whites  in  pos^ession  of  all  the  lands  of  the  Indians,  tlu'  hidiuns 
])rotected?  Not  hy  tjie  I'nited  States;  (<)r  it  has  <lriveii  them  where  it  ii,ii. 
not,  ti'oni  the  nature  ol"  their  situation,  jiroteet  tliem.  'I'liest!  concliisinns 
itievitalily  liillow,  and  we  challenge  proof  in  contradiction. 

That  we  have  ^'iven  iIk;  Indians  more  than  their  lands  wore  worth.  Im, 
bopii  m-jfed  as  an  ar^'inneiit  that  no  wron^  has  heen  doia?  them.  Tlini  Ims 
nothing'  to  do  with  the  point  at  issue.  I'nenviable  must  tlu-  nfind  of  t||„t 
man  he,  who  holds  nothinf.'  above  price,  mere  pecuniary  compeiiMitioi,. 
What  though  the  <;overmnent  did  stipulate  that  it  would  buy  out  the  ('Iiimj- 
kees  as  soon  as  it  <'ould  he  done,  (n  very  foolish  barpiin,  by  the  way,)  im 
reiisonabie  and  eipiitabli!  terms;  is  it,  to  bo  understood  that  they  muM  mH 
their  lands  just  when  a  demand  is  made  for  them?  This  arunna-iit  is  luii 
fallacious  to  be  tliouj,'ht  of  by  rational  men.  Henci!  tin;  oidy  way  lelt  todis- 
possess  a  nation,  too  weak  to  detiiul  themselves  l)y  litre*',  is  to  declare  iIkv 
iiave  no  rij,dit  where  they  are.  And,  to  the  astonishmont  of  ail  the  world, 
sia'h  were  the  {^roiuids  r)f  iU'!j:uni«!nt,  and  sucli  the  arfiiunonts  that  sia'ceiddi 
in  an  American  congress  in  ruinin<^  a  nation.  What  though  the  nation  wen; 
small,  and  consr(piently  weak?  So  much  the  greater  tlie  crime.  Are  imt 
laws  made  for  the  protection  of  the  weak  against  the  strong?  as  well  in 
]»roperty  as  |»orson  ?  Shall  the  I'nited  States  of  eidigbtoned  America  deal 
Avorse  with  their  I'rietids  and  allies  than  ancient  despotic  Rome  ?  Hveii  na- 
tions sidxiued  by  tiio  Romans,  and  iiududod  in  their  dominions,  wore  siifli'iid 
"to  live  under  their  own  laws,  aiul  be  governed  by  their  own  magistrates."' 

It  lias  been  iuge<l  as  u  reason  H)r  disinheriting  the  Cberokcos,  that  it  is  ah- 
surd  to  allow  a  nation  to  exist  under  ii  separate  government,  within  another 
goveruiiient  or  state,  and  hence  unconstitutional.  Allowing  all  this  to  lie 
true,  (which  we  do  not,)  what  has  it  to  do  with  the  Cberokees?  Had  not  ilio 
Cherokees  as  good  a  riglit  to  say  to  a  state  which  had  luidortakon  to  extend 
aline  beyond  them,  "You  have  no  atithority  to  do  this,  and  must  instantly 
desist."  Now  there  can  be  no  ({uestion  but  that  a  state  woidd  bo  coiiiiielitd 
to  desist,  if  the  party  so  included  were  able  to  defend  itself  against  usiii|ia- 
tion.  This  l<uppening  not  to  be  the  ease  with  the  Clierokees,  a  cordon  is 
passed  about  them,  at  first,  merely  nominal ;  but,  at  length,  like  the  coil  of 
the  serpent,  it  is  drawn  tigliter  and  tighter,  lintil  t' ey  discover,  too  lute,  tlmt 
a  death-blow  is  aimed  at  their  very  existence.  '  V^ho,  or  what  is  (jeoii'la, 
that  it  shottld  claim  jtriority  to  the  Cherokees?  Were  not  the  Clierokees  a 
nation  long  before  it  was  heard  of?  Which  permitted  the  othfu'  to  grow  up 
by  its  side  ?  How  long  is  it  since  the  Cherokees  were  able  to  drive  that  I  .nd- 
ful  of  white  intruders  beyond  a  more  formidable  boundiu^  than  the  lilissis- 
sippi?  They  did  not  attempt  it.  Their  "avarice"  was  not  strong  onoiiijli  to 
tempt  them  to  so  cruel  an  action.  No.  They  took  them  by  the  hand  at 
Yamacraw  Bluff,  and  ut  Ilolston,  and  said,  "  Brothers,  here  is  land  ciionfih 
for  us  and  for  you.  Lie  down  upon  our  skins  until  you  can  make  wigwams 
and  mats  for  yoiu'selves."     How  have  these  kindnesses  been  returned  ? 

We  will  hear  what  Georgia  herself  said  about  the  validity  of  Indian  trea- 
ties, no  longer  ago  than  1825.  In  that  year  a  treaty  was  made  with  the 
Creeks,  by  which  a  cession  of  a  portion  of  their  territory  in  Georgia  was 
made  ;  and  by  an  article  in  said  treaty,  it  was  provided,  that  the  United  States 
8hould  protect  tlie  Indians  against  the  encroachments  and  impositions  of  tiie 
whites,  until  their  removal  shoidd  take  place.  The  governor  of  Georgia, 
G.  M.  Troup,  issued  his  i)roclamation  in  accordance  with  the  treaty,  a  passage 
of  which  is  in  these  words : 


*  Valtel,  "  Law  of  Nations,"  B.  I.  ch.  i.  sec.  11. 


CH»r. 


XIV. 


HISTORY  OF  Tin-;  ciir.iioKF.r.s. 


105 


lliiit  iC  Ihry  ••ver  Mold 
led  StiitcH.  Now  lliin 
II  tlif  iHirt  (»f  llif  III. 
'|il  iiiviiiliitf,  It  wdiilil 
iikI  licit'  iiimI  iIkic,— 
icii  tlif  ti'i'jitics  \\in> 
li<>  I'liitcd  {^tatcs  Ii.kI 
dion.  Wliiit  liiivc  \\i. 
.',  Imruiiis,  till'  liitt'mii^ 
II  tluMii  wlicrc  it  ciiii. 

TiuW!    fOllclllsidlls 

loll. 

iiikIh  wen-  worth.  Iiii> 
tloiii!  tlinii.     'riiiii  liiis 
iiiiht  tli(^  iiiiiid  III  tliat 
[•imiary  coiiiiM-iiHirKiii. 
lid  buy  out  tlir  Ciicin- 
rjraiii,  by  tin-  \V!i\,)  mi 
od  tliiit  tlicy  mml  mH 
Tills  iiruiiiiifiit  is  1(10 
\\v.  only  WHY  Iclt  to  liis- 
ircc,  is  to  dt'diirc  tlicy 
iiiioiit  of  till  tlif  wnriii, 
;iiliieiits  timt  siiccfnicd 
tliotiflii  tilt;  iiutioii  Wi'iT 
M'  till-  cnnin.     Ari'  imi 
;lic  strong?    as  well  in 
iffliteiied  Anicrica  ilciil 
potic  Konu'  ?    Facii  im- 
louiiuioiis,  wiTc  siifli'ii'd 
cir  own  iimffistralcs." ' 
Cberokei's,  tiiat  it  is  uii- 
prniiieiit,  witiiiii  aiioilicr 
Allowinn  all  tiiis  to  lie 
licroliees  ?    Had  not  the 
undertaken  to  I'Xtciid 
this,  and  must  iiistnmly 
itc  would  In;  coiiiinHi'd 
itself  affuinst  usiiiiui- 
Clicrokees,  a  conloii  is 
engtli,  like  tiie  coil  of 
discover,  too  lute,  tliat 
JO,  or  wiiat  is  (Jcoi'uia, 
ere  not  the  Ciieiokfis  ii 
I  the  otiier  to  |;ro\v  up 
al)le  to  drive  tliut  1  .lul- 
iindury  than  the  iUissis- 
vas  not  strong  eiiou}:li  to 
.   them  by  the  liiiiid  at 
rs,  here  is  land  ciioiiiili 
you  can  make  wlj^wuiiis 
es  been  returned  ? 
validity  of  Indian  trca- 
aty  was  made  wltli  the 
;erritory  in  Georgia  was 
id,  that  the  United  States 
_8  and  imiiositious  oi'  the 
le  governor  of  Georgia, 
yith  the  treaty,  a  passage 


sec.  11. 


«!  Imvo  tlioutflit  projM'r  to  issue  tliis,  my  |iroclamiition,  warning  all  pcr- 
*nn*,  citizens  of  <ieurgm,  or  utiierH,  iiL'aiiist  lies|iiis.'<iiij:  or  iiilriiiliii;r  upon 
IiiihIh  (ii'i-iipied  by  the  Indians  witliin  tlu>  limits  of  this  state,  eitlicr  liir  tlit* 
liiiriiosf  ol  settlement  or  otherwise;  as  every  siieli  net  \\ill  lie  in  direct  \iola- 
liiiii  iif  liie  |trovisioiis  of //ir //T(>/i/,  aiiiresnii!,  and  will  e\|tose  liie  iigjjtrissorH 
Mihc  most  certain  and  summary  pimislimeiit  by  tiie  aiillioritics  of  the  rotate, 
iiiiijof  tlie  I 'lilted  States.  All  good  citi/<  'w,  llieref.ire,  pmsuiiig  the  dictalc^^ 
,i\imodfnitk,  will  unite  in  enllirclng  tiie  olin^alioiiH  of  Ute  tmitij  as  th»!  miprciM 

jliiW  does  tills  accord  wltii  a  resolve  of  tiic  icfrislatiire  o|"  tiiiit  state,  liiit  ii 
foH  vciirs  alb'rwards,  to  take  forcible  pos^iession  of  the  coimtry  of  tlie  Cliero- 
ki'cs?  A  com|)arallve  view  of  these  eiiactmeiits  led  a  higli-miiided  senator* 
liMl(':'hire,  "tiiat  treaties  were  irn/  Imr/'iil  when  luiiile  for  tlie  use  of  (ieorgia." 

Ill  IH'il,  tlie  (I'eorgJH  delegation  in  congress,  in  an  address  to  the  |)resiileiit 
nt'tlic  I'lilted  States,  coii.,tlaiiied,  in  no  very  moderate  terms,  of  tlie  iiijiistice 
ilmii' til  tiieir  state,  by  the  delay  of  the  government  in  not  extiiignlshing  the 
(liirokce  title  to  lands  within  its  limits;  tiiereliy  acknowledging  wliat  they 
Jciiifd  iitierwards,  namely,  that  tiie  Ciierokees  had  any  title.  'They  say,  "If 
llie  Clicrokees  ar(!  imwiiliiig  to  remove,  tiie  rinifits  ot"  tiiat  iinwiliingiieMS  aro 
1(1  lit!  traced  to  tiie  United  Stall's.  If  peacenlile  |Mirciiase  cannot  be  made  in 
the  iirtliiiary  mod«;,  nothing  remains  to  hi!  done  but  to  onler  tlielr  removal  to 
0  dexi^'iiated  n-rritory  beyond  the  limits  of  (iettrgia."  And,  in  conclusion, 
llii'Viidil,  "Our  duty  Is  pertiirmed  by  remmstraiin^  against  tin;  policy  licreto- 
liirt'  |iiirsiied,  by  which  tiie  interests  of  (ieorgia  iiiive  b-  en  disregarded;  and 
III  iMw/iJig",  as  we  do,  most  earncsUii,  upon  an  iininetliatu  fulfilment  of  tlio 
ohiiiratioiis  of  the  articles  of  cession  of  IHO'-i." 

.•^iiiii  is  a  specimen  of  the  iangiiagi^  of  l>vo  senators  and  six  repn'sentatlves 
of  (iforgla,  to  tiie  president  of  tiie  llnlted  States,  upon  tliis  ipiestlon.  And 
He  venture  to  assert  that  the  autocrat  of  all  the  Kussias  is  not  more  despotic 
ill  his  decrees,  tlian  these  gentltMiien  were  on  tills  occasion. 

A  few  days  afler  the  address  of  tlie  (jieorgia  delegates,  the  secretary  of 
war,  tlic  Hon.  John  C.  Calhoun,  Issued  bis  report  on  our  Indian  relations, 
in  which  he  says,  "The  IJiiitcul  States  have  ever  been  solicitous  to  biitil.  at 
the  earliest  period,  the  oliilgation  of  the  convention,  by  tlie  extliiguisiiiiient 
of  the  hidlan  titles  wltliln  tlie  limits  of  Georgia ;  n  most  satlsliictory  proof 
of  which  Jiiay  ho  found  In  the  number  of  treaties  which  have  been  held  for 
that  inirpose,  the  quantity  of  lands  which  has  iKjen  actpiired,  and  the  prl''e 
paid.  Ill  fact,  such  has  been  tlio  solicitude  of  tin;  governiru-nt,  tiiat  but  little 
repird  has  been  had  to  the  price,  whenever  it  lias  been  found  pos/rible  to  obtain  a 
Kssion  of  lands  to  the  state.  The  [)rice  given  has  liir  exceeded  that  wiiich 
lias  ever  iieen  given  in  other  |)urchases  fi'oiii  the  Indians."  Thus  a  migiity 
clashing  of  opinions  is  apparent  on  a  comparison  of  tliese  two  extracts. 

Froin  certain  other  fjicts  in  Mr.  CnUiouri'a  rejwrt,  it  ajijiears  that,  in  IHOQ, 
the  Cherokees  owned  7,152,110  acres  of  land  in  the  limits  of  (itiorgla.  Since 
the  latn  war  witii  England,  they  had  held  two  treaties  with  the  United  States, 
hv  wliicli  they  had  ceded  J>i)5,:]10  acres.  Emigration  had  been  unllbrmly 
encouraged,  and  many  liad  voluntaiiiy  gone  to  Arkansas.  To  tliis  course 
nolindy  ohjected.  But  in  this  way  matters  ])rogressed  too  slow  for  greedy 
speculators,  and  it  was  urged  that,  as  many  Clicrokees  liad  emlgnited,  a  pro- 
pni'tionate  t(uantityof  tiie  country  should  be  si^t  ofi  lln*  (Jeorgla.  An  en  mer- 
aiion  or  census  had  been  atternjited,  to  ascertain  wh  t  the  proportion  would 
I*',  and  it  was  eventually  concluded  that  one  tliird  of  the  nation  had  left  tiie 
coiintrj',  and  a  treaty  was  entered  into  at  VVushington,  in  1815),  by  which  tiiat 
amount  of  territory  was  ceded.  Hetwetm  181!)  and  18"i4,  two  attempts  to 
treat  with  them  lor  further  cessions  of  territory  had  l)een  made,  and  both 
proved  nhortlve.  "It  cannot  be  doubtetl,"  says  Mr.  Calhoun,  "tiiat  miicli  of 
tlie  ditiiciilty  of  acquiring  additional  cession  from  tiie  Clierokees,  and  tlie 
other  soiitiiern  trilies,  residts  from  th(!lr  growing  civiliz.'ition  and  knowledge, 
hv  which  tliey  have  learned  to  place  a  higher  value  upon  tlielr  lands  than 
more  rude  and  savage  tribes.     Many  causes  have  contributed  to  place  them 


*  Mr.  Frelinglwysen,  of  New  Jersey. 


!  ■  ■•■■  .i    :!'«■*&*; 


I  ■  '*    "-  'J : 


■:,    'Mm 


■''mm 


■  ;  'l''yS 


m 


lOG 


HISTORY  OF  Tlir,  CIIKROKEES. 


[V.mtK  IV, 


hi^liiT  ill  Mil*  Kralff  ot*  civili/atioii  timii  other  IiidiiitiH  witliin  niir  liniitM  — h,, 
j^rnial  iintiirc  of  tlit-ir  cliiiiiifr,  wliirli  t'liiildcH  tlii'iii  to  |iiihh  iiiorc  rciiiiil\  \];,^ 
tlw  liiiiitcr  to  till'  hrrilsiMiin  statr;  aii<l  tli<-  li'itility  of  llirir  xoil,  ami  tin'  m,|,„, 
(»t"  their  Mtaple  arlich-s,  partiiMilarly  eottoii.  To  tliene,  however,  iiiiiNt  lie  mlilii 
till!  hiiiiiaiie  and  heiievoleiit  |iolii-y  ol'ilie  ^overiiiiierit,  whicli  has  ever  (iimini 
II  losteriti;.'  care  to  the  IndiaiiH  within  oiir  hiiiits.  Thin  policy  is  an  old  ,|^  ,|,,, 
(foveriiiiient  itnelf;  and  haH  lieeii  liahitiially  and  Htron^ly  exteiidiMJ  |„  ,|^^, 
Clierokei"  nation,"  Such,  in  |H*^4,  were  adowed  to  Ih;  tlie  reasons  wjn  iii,, 
Cherokees  could  not  lie  |)reviiile<l  ii|ion  to  forsake  their  country.    Now,  n' 

they  had  no  rijfht  tl •,  hiit  that  of  mitliu'iince,  why  is  it  that  "this  liiKMni,, 

policy,  tiH  old  as  the  piverniiieiit,"  has  heen  held  fortii  and  niainlained  tii\Mii,{'^ 
tlieiii?   The  reason  i.s  oIivIoiih:  no  president  Indbri!  (ieii.  Jachon,  could  hrjui, 


liis  mind 


-to  do  as  he  has  done. 


At  some  future  day,  ask  foine  remnant  of  tlio  Cherokcew,  of  thn  Crpcj^, „r 
of  the  Seiniiioles,  if  any  should  reniain,  why  they  should  leave  the  IiiikImii 
tlieir  tiithers  to  Ih-coiik!  wanderers  heyond  the  Mississippi,  and  their  iipiy 
can  he  no  other  than  this:  "We  were  Ibrced  away  liy  the  white  iim  ii,  .Sin,!. 
of  our  men  were  traitors ;  of  them  tlu^y  hoiijfht  our  rights,  knowhiff  Mem  to 
be  false." 

i'oin|)are  tlie  lanpna^e  jield  by  (ieii.  Jackson,  in  1H21,  with  what  hr  i^j 
niiico  said  and  done.  On  tin;  IHth  of  January  of  that  year,  he  wrote  liiim 
liis  head  (piarters  at  Nashvilh;,  to  Path  Killer,  and  other  Cherokee  cliieis,;,;; 
follows:  " Friends  and  brothers:  [  have  never  toh!  a  red  brother  a  lie  imr 
deceived  lii:ii.  Tiie  iiitriiders  [on  your  lands,]  if  tiiey  attemjtt  to  return,  \vi|| 
be  sent  otK  Hut  your  lifibt-horse  should  not  let  them  settle  down  on  vmir 
lurid.  You  ('.ifrlit  to  drive  the  stock  uwny  from  your  lunils,  and  deliver  tlnj 
intruders  to  the  iiffent;  but  if  you  cannot  keep  intruders  from  lyowr /hikI 
report  it  to  the  ajjeiit,  and  on  bis  notice,  I  will  drive  them  fi-oni  your  tdiuL'' 

On  the  (itii  of  June,  IK{0,  be  inlbrms  the  Cberokees,  "thiit,  havin;;  no 
power  to  interfere  and  oppose  the  exercise  of  the  sovereijjnty  of  anv  MiHi' 
over  and  upon  all  who  may  be  within  the  limits  of  any  state,  they  will  prepnn. 
tlieinselvcH  to  abide  the  issue  of  such  new  reiationy,  witlioiit  any  liojie  ilmt 
lie  will  interfere,"  It  must  be  borne  in  mil  id,  that  the  Indians  Iniil  ddnc 
nothiiiff  meanwhile  to  foHeit  any  one  right,  or  the  protection  promised  tin m 
by  all  the  treaties,  nanctioned  by  all  the  presidents,  includiiift  Jackson  liJniMli! 

In  April,  1824,  a  deputation  oi"  Cberokees  was  at  Wusbington,  and  on  the 
15th  day  of  that  niontb  they  laid  liefbrc  congress  a  memorial  "on  iiuitteis ul' 
vast  impoitance"  to  them.  In  this  memorial  they  refer  to  the  opiinwive 
stand  taken  by  the  {iovernor  of  Georgia,  as  communicated  by  him  in  n  Iciiir 
to  the  secretary  of  war,  and  to  the  ac^rimonious  and  incongruous  address  of 
tbe  Georgia  tlelegution  to  ilie  president,  already  noticed.  Upon  lliese  iIh> 
delegation  remark:  "W(!  cannot  but  view  the  design  of  those  letters  us  mi 
attempt,  bordering  on  a  hostile  disposition  towards  the  Cherokee  nation,  lo 
arrest  from  then,  l»y  arbitrary  jiieans,  their  jnst  rights  and  liberties."  And 
this  is  the  harshest  language  they  any  where  complain  in,  in  answer  to  the 
grossest  insults. 

In  regard  to  the  cession  of  more  land,  they  <leclare  their  scntiinents  in  the 
following  words:  "In  relation  to  the  disposition  and  determination  of  tlie 
nation,  jierer  again  to  cede  another  foot  of  land  is  positively  the  production  inid 
iioice  of  the  nation,  and  what  has  been  uttered  by  lis,  in  the  cominimicntidiis 
which  we  have  made  to  the  government,  since  our  arrival  in  this  city,  is 
exi)re.ssive  of  the  true  sentiments  of  the  nation,  agreeably  to  our  instriutioiiii, 
and  not  one  word  of  which  has  been  put  into  our  mouths  fiy  a  tvhitc  man.  Any 
surmises  or  statements  to  the  contrary  are  ill-founded  and  ungenerous."  It 
should  be  remembered,  that  it  liad  been  liasely  insinuated  by  their  enemies, 
in  every  public  way,  that  the  Indians  were  influenced  by  designing  wiiitc  men 
from  tbe  north,  in  all  their  opposition  to  tbe  will  of  Georgia.  This  niciiiorial 
was  signed  liy  John  Ross,  George  Lowrey,  the  mark  of  Major  Ridge, 
and  Elijah  Hicks. 

Iriimediately  after  tlii.s.  Gov.  TVowp  writes  from  MilledgevMle  a  very  ron- 
elusive  letter  to  Mr.  Calhoun,  secretary  of  war,  so  fur  as  sojihistry  and  angiT 
words  can  be  conclusive  on  a  subject.    As  a  specimen  of  his  logic,  we  will 


•<,  [V<mt  IV 

vitliin  our  liniitH  -  ii,,, 
|mHS  nunc  n-miiK  lium 
licir  Mill,  anil  llir  miIh,, 
owcvrr,  must  lie  mU,.,] 
wliifli  has  ever  (liriiiiii 
iH  jMilicy  in  as  old  usilif 
i-i(n>.'I.V  fxtcndcil  t(i  III,, 
M'  tlu"  iTasims  wlij  ||„, 
ihfir  roiniiry.  Niiw.jt' 
18  it  tlail  "this  llwtiriii^r 
uimI  tnaintaiiM'il  tnwinils 
leii.  Jackson,  I'oiild  lirini^ 

•okcM'H,  ni"  llif  i'riM'ki, iir 
loultl  It-avr  llif  IuikImiI' 
^issippi,  and  tlicir  ri'|i|y 
y  tlio  \vliil<^  men.  Siii",. 
ri),'litH,  knomnfr  (;,t,„  i^ 

1H'21,  witli  vvlmt  \\v  \m 
liat  year,  lit'  wnitc  liiiin 
jtlicr  Clicroki-c  rliifl's, ns 
u  n'tl  brotluT  a  lie  imr 
oy  attempt  to  rt'turii.  will 
o'ni  w<'ttl»!  down  ini  ymir 
ur  lands,  and  ddivtr  ilw 
ntrud»'rs  iroin  tfour  /ninl, 
tlinii  I'roni  your  laml.'^ 
ntkccH,  "that,  liaviii^'  no 
Kovon-ijiiity  of  any  >iiit(', 
ny  HtaUi,  th»!y  will  |iiviiiire 
IS,  without,  any  liiipc  ilmt 
liiit  tliu  Indians  IiikI  tlime 
trotectiun  iironiist'd  ilum 
ichidin^' Jackson  liiinscll! 
VVushiiifjlon,  and  on  \k 
nieiiioriul  "  on  niiiltcis  df 
refer  to  the  opincssive 
nicutcd  by  him  in  a  Icttir 
I  incongruous  adtlicss  of 
lotieed.     Upon  tlicst!  the 
gn  of  those  letters  us  an 
the  Cherokee  niition,  to 
JitH  and  lihertics."    And 
"lain  in,  in  answer  to  the 

Ire  their  sentiments  in  the 
lund  determination  of  the 
ositivcly  the  production  miil 
|s,  in  iIk!  eoniimmii'iiiiiuw 
lu'r  arrival  in  this  city,  is 
leably  to  our  instrmtiims, 
dhs  hy  a  white  man.    Am' 
lied  and  luigpnerons."   It 
[iuuated  by  their  eiifuiifis 
\i  by  designing  white  mn\ 
iGeorgia.    This  ineiiionul 
mark  of  Major  KmcE, 

JMillcdgcville  a  very  con- 

Vr  as  sophistry  and  unpi'v 

tieu  of  his  logic,  we  will 


Chkt. 


XIV] 


HISTORY  or  TIIF,   nir.UOKKEH 


lo: 


i-itf>  ax  folioWH  from  hiai  coininunieation.  Forasmuch  'art  the  INiritiuiH  of 
V>w  Kn^land,  and  Uinikcrs  of  I'ennsylvania,  had  never  repiiired  the  wnmgs 
,l„ni'  Indians,  why  is  (ieorgia  to  lie  called  upon  to  make  propiijatury  ntli-r- 
,,1;^;-"  And  "  if  tlie  principle  of  renn'n  treaty  waa  right,  all  otherM  that  luivo 
tollowcd  are  wrong." 

AlMMit  the  sannt  time  the  Cherokee  memorial  was  JM'fore  the  house  n{' 
iiiiri'sentatives,  ot'  which  we  have  spoken,  its  luuliors,  to  comiteract  certain 
ij.i'  reports  of  their  traduect><,  pnlilished  in  the  National  intelligencer  a 
.iiiliiai'Hl  of  their  case,  tiom  which  we  note  the  following  passages:  "\ut 
silbticd  with  wishing  the  executive  of  the  I'nited  States  violently  to  rupture 
lii'Milcinn  bond  of  om*  rights  to  oiu'  lands,  ami  to  put  at  detiance  the  pledges 
rthiili ''xisting  tn-aties  contain,  i^mirantj/ini^  Kt  us  om-  lamis,  it  is  attempted 
Id  Hike  from  us  the  intellect  which  has  diret-ted  us  in  coiuhicting  the  s«'veral 
iii'^'dliiitions  with  couuuissioners  a|)pointed  to  treat  with  us  li>r  our  lands,  and 
Hilh  ill''  executiv((  government,  by  the  unli>unded  charge,  that  '//e  Ittst  litlir 
of  Ik  Chrrokees  to  the  serrrlanj  'U  war  rontnins  inlrnutl  ividrnrr  that  it  was 
mrr  nrdlm  or  dictated  Inj  an  Indian.^  Whilst  we  proli-ss  t'l  be  compliniented 
1,11  ijic  one  hand  by  this  blow  at  our  intelligence,  we  cannot,  m  justice,  allow 
II  1,1  |iiiss,  upon  the  other,  wilhoiit  a  Hat  contradiction.  'That  li  tier,  and  every 
oihiT  letter,  was  not  only  written,  but  dictated  by  an  Indian." 

\Vr  are 'lot  surprised  that  the  (Jeorgia  statesmen  are  not  willing  to  allow 
ihat  liicy  have  insulted  so  much  intellect  and  iiitelligeiiee,  awai-e,  as  they  must 
|i;i\i'  Im'cii,  that  in  |Hiint  of  manner  and  matter,  their  own  compositions,  side 
In  .Idc  with  the  T'lierokees,  would  siiH'er  in  no  inconsiderable  degiei'  by 
iiiiii|),insoii.  Ill  closing  they  say,  "  It  is  not  for  us  Xn  vindicate,  or  attempt  tt; 
viiiilii'i'ite,  our  great  tiither  the  president;  he  does  not  need  an  Indian's  niil, 
iinriiii  liiilian's  eulogy;  but,  however  we  are  bound  to  love  him,  yet  it  is  due 
Id  jiistici;  to  state,  that  we  have  been  often  pained,  and  especially  ol'  late,  at 
iliiM'ariiestiiess  with  which  he  has  pressed  \ipon  us  the  subject  of  ceding  our 
biiils.  NVIiy  he  has  acted  thus  we  ar<!  at  a  loss  to  conceive.  We  are  not 
ii'iuiraiit  of  the  iiatiUH?  of  the  convention  of  IHO'i.  We  know  every  one  of 
ih proniises.  It;  however,  these  lu'e  to  be  violated,  and  the  li-ll  war-whoop 
•limihl  ever  b(>  raised  against  us,  to  dispossess  us  of  our  lands,  we  will  gratify 
iiii'(h'l('gation  of  (ieorjria,  in  their  jtresent  earnestness  to  see  us  reii.')veil  or 
ijisiniyi'd,  by  adding  additional  fertility  to  our  land,  by  a  *le|iosit  of  our  body 
iiHlniir  lioiies;  for  we  are  resolved  never  to  leaite  them  hut  hy  partinix  from  them 
nwl  our  lives  together."  Such  was  the  resolution  of  the  Cherokees  at  this 
|iiriiid.  Hut  fifteen  years'  sulfering  overcame  them,  and  they  were  <  onipellt;d 
liiMilmiit  to  a  tiite  they  eoiild  not  avert. 

\Vi'  have,  in  an  earlier  page,*  stated  the  manner  in  which  the  Creeks  had 
Iviii  divested  of  their  country,  and  the  tiital  catastrophe  that  (I'll  upon  the 
kills  (d"  the  chiefs,  who,  against  the  will  of  the  nation,  had  bargained  it 
way.  The  most  prominent  character  in  that  work  among  the  Creeks  was 
(Iiii.  William  IVI'Intosh.  We  have,  in  the  sam((  place,  stated  the  attempt 
niaili'  hy  that  chief  to  bribe  Mr.  Ross  to  undermine  his  nation,  in  the  same 
ciirni|it  manner  as  himstdf  had  done  in  regard  to  his  own;  and  the  jiart 
enacted  by  the  Cherokees,  iqion  that  occasion,  is  now  necessary  to  be  stated. 
A  meeting  of  the  legislative  council  of  the  Ciierokees  was  held  in  October, 
1^'ii,  to  lietu"  wliai  i!ie  agents  of  our  govc^rnment  had  to  say  to  them,  they 
liaviiiif  procured  the  meeting.  The  object,  of  course,  was  well  understood, 
and  the  agents  urged  their  case  in  every  ])ossible  form ;  but  they  were 
answered  in  the  most  manly  manner,  that  the  nation  xvould  never  jiart  with 
aiiiiiher  foot  of  land.  (Jen.  M'Intosh  was  present  at  this  confiirence,  and  w  ith 
ills  soil  was  treated  with  every  kindness,  and  during  tlu;  proceedings  were 
'lati'il  hy  the  sidt;  of  Mr.  Ross,  as  was  customary  with  both  nations  at  th(!ir 
foinicils,  when  any  distinguished  ( liiefs  were  |)resent,  to  signify  that  good 
comspnndenei!  between  them  existed.  At,  or  about  this  time,  M'Intosh  veii- 
tiiml  to  recommend  a  cession  to  some  of  the  clii(!f  men  in  conversations; 
what  ft'igned  encouragement  he  nwX  with,  to  draw  out  his  real  character,  is 
not  upon  our  recortls,  but  it  is  certain  that  a  eommunication  in  writing  was 


...     .  ;i:v'n;r 


«-r  i 


■  ■■"  V, 


:  ■."..  *■  .  ■  ••■ 


* '  ■, 


R:    S' 


■  i.'i 


Of  this  Book,  Cliap.  vi.,  p.  52. 


108 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


[nooK  IV. 


thereupon  mnde  to  Mr.  Ross,  wlio,  without  delay,  laid  it  before  the  coiinpjl 
when  it  was  decided  that  it  should  be  read  in  M'lntosh's  prcscuice.  If,,  ^yj,^ 
accordiiifrly  called  in,  and  bis  letter  was  read,*  ailer  which  Mr.  Ross  niiuie  the 
Ibllowing  address: 

"M\  friends,  live  years  have  elapsed  since  I  bave  been  called  to  preside 
over  tiie  natiouid  committee;  and  your  approbation  of  my  conduct  in  tjie  ,|i^. 
charge  of  my  official  duties,  is  manifested  by  the  successive  reajijjointiiiciits 
wiiicli  you  have  bestowed  on  me.  Tlie  trust  .which  you  have  reiMj.sed  in  n,,. 
lias  been  sacredly  maintained,  and  shall  ever  Le  prc'served.  A  traitor,  in  all 
nations,  is  looked  upon  in  the  darkest  color,  and  is  more  des|)icul)le  than  tlip 
meanest  reptile  that  crawls  upon  the  earth.  An  honorable  and  honest  clmr 
actcr  is  more  valuable  than  the  filthy  lucre  of  the  whole  world.  Thercibrc,  | 
would  preii-r  to  live  as  poor  as  the  worm  that  iidiabits  the  earth,  than  to  B;\\n 
the  world's  wealth  and  bave  my  reputation  as  an  honest  man  tarni^lied  h\ 
the  acceptance  of  a  pecuniary  bribe,  lor  scll-airgrandizement.  Jt  lias  now 
become  my  ])ainful  duty  to  inform  you  that  a  gross  contempt  is  offered  to  mv 
chariiCter,  as  well  as  to  that  of  the  members  of  the  general  council.  TIih 
letter  which  I  hold  in  my  hand  will  s)  euk  lor  itself  Rut,  IbrtiinateJv,  tin 
author  of  it  has  mistaken  our  character  and  sense  of  honor." 

I'liis  took  place  on  the  124  October,  lt<'2',i,  and  was  but  the  coninionopnici:! 
of  the  denunciations  M'Jntosh  was  to  riM-eive.  As  chief  speaker  of  the  nutiijii, 
the  duty  of  severely  reprimanding  the  traitor  devolved  on  3Iajor  Ridge.  'Ihi, 
was  an  exceedingly  pjiiiiliil  duty  to  him,  especially  as  they  had  iieon  djil 
friends  and  officers  together;  had  ibught  under  Jackson,  side  by  t.\dv.  iv 
Taladega,  Tohopeka,  and  in  iiimierous  other  battles;  they  had  been  ck- 
laborers  in  the  civil  field ;  IrequtiUtly  called  together  to  settle  and  adjiis' 
im|iortaiit  matters  bet^\een  their  respective  nations;  and  they  were,  at  this 
time,  under  an  ajipoiiitiiieiit  as  commissioners  to  run  the  boundary  Iiih 
between  the  two  nations.  Rut  all  these  considerations  and  circiiinstaiici.. 
did  not  cause  Major  Ridge  to  shrink  from  his  duty.  He  said  that  wiuit  he 
was  about  to  say  must  not  only  be  beard  by  the  Clusrokees,  but  by  olliers.  !,ir 
and  wide.  He  adverted  to  their  acknowledged  maxims  in  reii  reiico  to  tin 
duties  of  those  intrusted  with  their  government,  who,  if  once  toiiiul  astii'v 
from  their  duty,  W(!re  n<!ver  again  to  be  trusted.  M'Intosh,  he  said,  had  lidiiii 
the  character  of  high  iiinnil  rectitude  among  his  own  peojde,  the  Creeks.  Inn 
how  stands  his  cliaiacU'r  now.?  "I  cast  him  behind  my  back,  lie  iiiin 
de|)art  in  jieace.  I  here  publicly  disgrace  him.  He  now  knows  we  air  iMit 
to  be  bought  with  money.  We  will  not  exult  over  fallen  greatness,  lie  imiy 
go  to  his  own  nation,  and  in  the  bosom  of  his  family  mourn  the  loss;  ol  a 
good  name."  Such  is  the  substance  of  the  speech  of  Major  Ridge,  wlio  jiiin. 
self  li'll  into  the  same  snare  altcrwards,  and  suffered  the  same  liite,  witli  the 
man  be  now  so  ])ointedly  and  justly  condinnned. 

Ill  IH'-i!),  a  society  was  (iiniK  d  in  New  ^'ork,  "for  the  emigration,  pivsrn,'.- 
tion,  and  iiii|»rovenieiit,  of  the  aborigines  of  America,"  an  account  of  wiiiij: 
was  transmitted  to  the  president  of  the  United  States,  then  at  the  Rip  l!ii|i>. 
in  Virginia.  The  president  rejilied  to  a  letter  whicli  accompanied  \hv  iir- 
count,  through  Major  Katon.  in  n  very  conciliatory  and  gracious  iiiiiiukt. 
One  jiassage  is  esjieeially  worthy  of  notice,  Ironi  its  surprising  contrast  wiiL 
what  was  afterwards  avowed  by  the  .same  authors.  "1  beg  leavi;  to  as>i!rr 
you,"  says  the  general,  "that  nothing  of  a  com])ulsory  course,  to  eriict  tl ' 
removal  of  this  untbrtiinate  race  of  ])eople,  has  ever  been  thought  of  li\  tli 
president;  although  it  has  been  so  asserted."  Now,  all  the  world  kri'«- 
what  has  since  Imu'ii  said  and  done.  In  a  sort  of  a  re|)ly  which  Mr.  /jVi/u 
made  to  Mr.  Clfn/  in  the  senate,  in  1835,  he  .said  be  rose  not  f()r  the  iniipiw 
of  tJi'::;.^  any  jiart  in  the  little  discussion,  [about  Indians,]  but  cf  milii': 
U|)  a  voice  liu' more  jiowerliil  than  his  own — that  of  M,\  Jfjirsou.''^  But.;* 
he  said  nothing  in  his  half  hour's  talk  that  he  attributef,'  to  Mr.  Jf/fcMoii. nr 
that  Mr.  Jeffi-rson  ever  thought  ol|  except  that  good  man's  name,  it  isfiiiiii' 
pn;simie  that  that  was  the;  extent  of  his  argiiUHnit.  We  are  ])i(M»are(i  to  use 
Bomething  more  than  the  nanu;  of  Jvfferson  against  the  oi)pressois  of  tlic  In- 


*  Ths  same  we  have  given,  ante,  ;iage  52. 


?,  been  called  to  preside 
t'my  conduct  in  the  din. 
ccessive  reiip])oiiitiiieiiis 
you  have  re])ose(l  in  nic 
served.  A  traitor,  in  uH 
nore  despicahle  tiiau  tiie 
lorable  and  honest  eliar- 
lole  world.  Tlierefoic,  j 
ts  the  earth,  than  to  p\iii 
lonest  man  tarnisiicil  1)\ 
iiidizenicnt.  It  has  now 
jontenipt  is  offered  to  my 
le  general  council.  Tiii> 
;11".  But,  Ibrtiniately,  the 
t*  honor." 

<  but  the  conimenccmcm 
iiiel'  speaker  of  the  uatitni. 
(hI  on  Major  llidjre.    '\'\\\< 
Uy  as  they  had  bpoi  did 
Jackson,  side  by  sidi'.  at 
ittles;  they  had  been  lu- 
;ther  to  settle  and  adjiis' 
US ;  and  they  were,  at  this 
to  run  the  "boundary  liiii^ 
rations  and  circnnistanic? 
iity.     He  said  that  what  he 
lierokees,  but  by  others,  t;ir 
laxiins  in  reference  to  tlic 
ivvho,  if  once  fotind  astiiiy 
il'lntosh,  be  said,  inul  Umy 
wn  peoidc,  the  Creeks.  Imt 
lind  niy  back.    He  may 
I!  now  kno\\  s  we  arc  not 
idlcn  greatness,    lie  niay 
iunily  iuourn  the  loss  of  n 
of  Major  Ridge,  wlio  iiiin- 
■ed  the  same  fate,  with  tlic 

jr  the  emigration,  prosriTs- 
rica,"  an  account  of  wlml 
tates,  then  at  the  Rip  Hii|>>. 
^'hicli  accompanied  tie  t'l- 
torv  and  gracious  nininiH-. 
its' sur])rising  coiitrusl  witli 
rs.  "  1  beg  leave  to  assiiri' 
id"sorv  course,  to  etVeet  tl- 
ver  been  thought  ot  byih' 
Now,  all  tlK-  world  kl'|.^^- 
•  a  rei)ly  which  Mr.  Bnk. 
le  rose  "not  for  the  i>un;';>' 
ut  Indians,!  but  ef  eallm^ 

t  of  iM  ••  ^//'■'••'"'"•"  '''"'' 
tribute(:  to  Mr.J#rso)!.»t 
lod  man's  name,  it  is  taiv  U' 
We  are  i)r(M»arcd  toiw' 
!t  the  oi)pressoisof  die  In- 


Chap.  XV.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


109 


■age 


5'2. 


dians,  and  we  here  offer  some  of  his  sound  and  sober  convictions.  "  I  ani  of 
opiniDH,"  he  says  in  a  letter  to  Gen.  Knox,  of  10  August,  17i)l,  "  that  govern- 
ment should  firiidy  maintain  this  grouiul ;  that  the  Indians  have  a  right  to 
the  occupation  of  their  lands,  independent  of  the  states  tvithin  ivhose  chartered 
limits  the;/  happen  to  be ;  that,  until  they  cede  them  by  treaty,  or  other  transac- 
tion equivalent  to  a  treaty,  no  act  of  a  state  can  give  a  right  to  such  lands ; 
tiiat  neither  uiuler  tlie  jiresent  constitution,  nor  the  ancient  confederation,  had 
am  state,  or  persons,  a  right  to  treat  with  the  Indians  without  the  consent  of 
(lie  general  government ;  liiat  that  consent  has  never  been  given  to  any  treaty 
for  tlie  cession  of  the  lands  in  question  ;  that  the  government  is  determined 
to  exert  all  its  enerfcj/for  t/ie  patronage  and  protection  of  the  rights  of  the  Indians, 
ami  the  preservation  of  peace  between  the  United  States  and  them  ;  and  that 
it' any  settlements  are  made  on  lands  not  ceded  by  them,  without  the  jn-evious 
foiiseiit  of  the  United  States,  the  government  will  think  itself  bound,  not  oidy 
to  declare  to  the  Indians  that  such  settlements  are  ivithoid  the  autlwritu  or  pro- 
kclion  of  the  United  States,  but  to  remove  tliein  also  by  the  public  force.  Suc^h 
was  tiic  "voice"  Col.  Benton  said  he  was  to  "call  uj),"  to  drown  that  of  the 
friend  of  the  Lidians.  But  "how  are  the  mighty  lallen ! "  The  helpless  In- 
dians have  been  forced  to  fly  before  the  steel  of  the  white  man  to  inhospi- 
tai)le  regions,  leaving  their  fine  fields  and  comfortable  houses  to  their  ava- 
rii'ioiis  oi)pressors. 

Kilt  arte  all  that  has  happened,  all  the  wTong  that  has  been  done  the 
Indian,  all  the  wrong  that  has  been  done  to  every  countryman  of  Jefferson, 
we  would  not  change  our  condition  with  a  subject  of  Algiers,  because  we 
have  well-groimded  hopes  that  good  men  will  ere  long  stand  in  the  place 
where  justice  emanates;  yet  it  fills  the  heart  of  the  philanthropist  with  sor- 
row, that  their  coming  cannot  relieve  the  Cherokees. 

Tlie  (ley  of  Algiers  holds  out  no  pretensions  to  Christians  that  they  may 
expect  justice  at  his  hands  ;  but  he  says  to  them,  "  Do  you  not  know  that  my 
neople  are  a  band  of  robbers,  and  that  I  am  their  captain  ?"  *  A  president  of 
the  Cnited  States  has  said  that  he  uitended  no  harm  to  the  Cherokees ;  but 
what  has  he  done  ? 

It  is  i)ainfid  to  be  compelled  to  reproach  the  government  of  a  beloved 
cniiiitiy  with  acts  like  these  ;  but  we  have  no  alternative,  excepting  in  a  der- 
elii'tion  of  duty.  We  would  gladly  have  been  sj)ared  this  part  of  our  under- 
taking; but  Justice  has  claims  upon  us  now  as  strong  as  she  hud  upon  our 
goveriiineut,  and  we  cannot  so  deliberately  disregard  them. 


-^tiet 


CHAPTER  XV. 

HISTORY    OF    THE    CHEROKEES,    CONTINUED. 

"  'I'lii'v  liiive  tikeii  tlio  tumIih  which  our  iinrcstnrs  jjiivo  ; 
Tiiuy  li  cM!  Iliruwii  ihoir  rhniiis  o'or  the  haul  iiiiil  thu  wave; 
Th"  tiiri'?!t   i-i  wistcil  with  sword  mid  willi  Maine; 
Ami  wliiit  have  we  left  l)iit  our  once  lionored  name.'" — Alonzo  Lewis. 

We  nave  seen  how  Jefferson  viewed  the  rights  of  the  Indians,  as  guaran- 
ied  t'^  .hem  in  the  times  of  fVashington  ;  and  what  have  the  Cherokees  since 
(lone,  that  they  are  to  forfeit  those  rights  ?  Have  they  fbrfeited  them  by  adopt- 
inff  the  niaiuicrs  and  customs  of  a  civilized  people  ?  or  by  fighting  their  bat- 
tles? That  a  president  of  this  day  should  .-iay  to  them,  when  they  are  about 
to  be  grossly  tyranni/ed  over  by  a  state,  "  that  he  has  no  j)ower  to  intv'rfere 
and  to  opi)ose  the  exercise  of  the  sovereignty  of  any  state,  over  or  upon  all 
who  may  be  within  th(;  limits  of  any  state  ;  that,  therefore,  they  nuist  prepare 
themselves  to  abide  the  issue  of  such  neiv  relations,  without  any  hope  that  ho 
will  interfere ; " — thus  did  Geu.  Jackson  speak  to  the  insulted  Ciierokees,  on 

*  Sec  Mr.  Blunt's  Brief  Examination.  &c.,  page  15. 

10 


■-iW>    ^"'i  if'-ifeis  Wffl 


'"'Hi  ■  »^LS';^ii;'^l| 


no 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


[Book  IV. 


the  6  June,  1830.  He, at  the  same  time, assured  them  "that  he  loves  thenrd) 
that  he  is  their  friend ;  tliat  he  teeis  ihr  tiiein  as  a  t'atlier  feels  for  liis  ciiji. 
dren."  With  whatever  truth  this  uiiffht  have  been  spoken,  we  do  not  liesitate 
to  presume  that  such  was  not  the  way  the  Cherokees  telt  "for  tlieir  cliildnn" 
And  in  an  address  to  the  j)eople  of  the  United  States,  which  they  jJiiMislicj 
en  the  17  July  of  the  same  year,  they  say,  "It  would  he  imjwssihic'to  dcsrrihe 
the  sorrow  which  afi'ects  tlieir  minds,  on  learuinsr  that  the  chief  mufiistnito  of 
the  United  States  has  come  to  thi*<  conclusion,  that  all  his  iHustrious  pn  ,le. 
cessors  had  held  intercourse  with  tliem  on  erroneous  principles ;  principles 
that  could  not  l)e  sustained;  that  they  had  made  promises  of  vital  iinportfince 
to  them,  which  could  not  be  fulfilled — jiromises  made  luuidreds  of  times  ju 
almost  eveiy  conceivable  manner — often  in  the  form  of  solemn  treatii's— 
sometimes  in  letters  written  by  the  chief  majristrate  with  his  own  linmi~v,rv 
often  in  letters  written  by  the  secretary  of  war  mider  his  direction— tiiese 
all  these,  are  now  discovered  to  be  upon  fiilse  principles."  ' 

The  Cherokees  had  now  become  ca])able  of  meeting  the  white  people  wjtii 
the  arf,nunents  of  reason,  and  not  with  steel ;  and  they  were  capable  of  judir. 
ing  between  sincerity  and  mere  pretension.  This  was  well  jmrtraycd  la 
the  chief  Spkckled  Snake,  in  a  speech  which  he  made  in  a  comicii'wjiirli 
had  been  sununoned  to  hear  a  talk  from  President  Jackson  read  to  tliciii.  It 
was  as  follows : 

'■'^ Brothers!  We  have  heard  the  talk  of  our  srreat  father;  it  is  very  kind.  H,. 
says  he  loves  his  red  children.  Brothers!  Wiien  the  white  man  first  ciiinc  to 
these  shores,  the  Muscojrees  gave  him  land,  and  kindled  him  a  fire  to  make 
him  comfortable;  and  when  the  pale  faces  of  the  south*  made  wur  on  liim 
their  young  men  drew  the  tomahawk,  and  protected  his  head  from  the  sraln' 
ing  knife.  But  when  the  white  man  had  warmed  himself  bef<)re  the  Indian's 
fire,  and  filled  himself  with  the  Indian's  hominy,  he  became  very  ifuire:  he 
stojiped  not  for  the  mountain  tops,  and  his  f(!et  covered  the  plains  and  the 
valleys.  His  hands  grasped  the  eastern  and  the  western  sea.  Then  lie  lie. 
came  our  great  father.  He  loved  ills  red  children  ;  but  said,  'You  nmst  move 
a  little  fiirther,  lest  I  slioidd,  by  accident,  tread  on  you.'  With  one  loot  lie 
pushed  the  red  man  over  the  Oconee,  and  with  the  other  he  tranijded  dimii 
the  graves  of  his  fathers.  But  our  grei.t  father  still  loved  his  red  rliildivn, 
and  he  soon  made  them  another  talk.  He  said  nmcli ;  but  it  all  nieant  imtli. 
ing,  but  'move  a  little  fiu'ther;  you  are  too  near  me.'  1  have  heaid  a  jriciit 
many  talks  from  our  great  iatiier,  and  they  all  begun  and  ended  the  saiiic. 
Brothers!  When  he  made  us  a  talk  on  a  liirmer  occasion,  he  said,  '(iet  a  little 
farther ;  go  beyond  the  Oconee  and  the  Oakundget; ;  there  is  a  pleasant  coun- 
try.' He  also  said, 'It  shall  be  yours  forever.'  Now  he  says, '  The  land  vnii 
live  on  is  not  yours ;  go  beyond  the  Mississip|)i;  tiiere  is  game;  there  voii 
niiiy  remain  while  the  grass  giows  or  tlu;  water  runs.'  Brothers!  Will  net 
our  great  fiither  come  there  also  ?  He  loves  his  red  children,  and  his  tom.ne 
is  not  forked." 

Tiie  doctrine  of  a  right  inherent  in  the  government  of  the  United  State?  to 
remove  the  ('lierokees  by  force,  is  comparatively  new.  It  was  not  thoni:lil  or 
even  dreamed  of  before  1808.  In  that  year  a  deputation  fi'oni  that  nation  wis 
encouraged  to  visit  the  seat  af  government,  more  for  the  renewal  of  liiond- 
ship  than  any  thing  else  jerhaps,  who,  in  a  conference  they  had  witii  I'li-i- 
dent  Jeflerson,  '^^  declared  tlieir  anxious  desire  to  engage  in  the  pursuit  of  (ij:ri- 
cidture  and  civilized  life,  in  the  counin/  they  then  occi(p?Vrf;"  hut  said,  "as  ail 
their  countrymen  coidd  not  be  induced  to  exchange  the  Inuiter's  life  linim 
agrictdtural  one,  they  reqiu^sted  that  their  comitry  might  be  divided  in  n  lino 
between  the  upper  and  lower  towns,  so  as  to  include  all  the  waters  of  the 
Higliwassee  River  to  the  upper  towns;  that,  by  thus  contracting  their  society 
within  narrower  limits,  they  might  be^n  the  establishment  affixed  laws  and  n 
regular  government.  Those  wishing  to  lead  the  hunter's  life,  owing  to  the 
scarcity  of  gani.^  in  their  country,  re»piested  liberty  to  go  over  the  IMississippi, 
and  occupy  some  vacant  lands  belonging  to  the  United  States.     To  tiiese 


*  The  Spaniunis  of  Florida  eiulcavored  lo  break  up  ihe  English  seUJcmcnt  under  Gen 
Ogietliorpe  in  Guorg'ia. 


■  s 


[Book  IV. 

that  he  loves  tliein:(!) 
ther  feels  for  his  cliil- 
ten,  we  ilo  not  liesitatR 
It  "for  their  children." 
whieh  they  i)ii\ilislic(l 
impossihlt!  to  descrilie 
the  chief  inugistnitc  of 
his  illustrious  iinde- 
principles ;  ])riii('i|)lcs 
ises  of  vital  iniportaiico 

I  hnndreds  of  tiiiips,  in 

II  of  solemn  treatii's— 
ith  his  own  hand— very 
M"  his  direction— these, 
es." 

T  the  white  people  with 
y  were  capahh'  of  juds- 
was  well  portrayed  liy 
lade  in  a  council  wliicli 
ickson  read  to  tlicin.   It 

ler ;  it  is  very  kind.  ]h 
white  man  first  canic  to 
lulled  him  a  fire  to  nmke 
Mith*  made  war  on  liini, 
his  head  Irom  the  sralp. 
iTiself  hefore  the  Indian's 
e  became  very  lar<re;  lio 
vered  the  plains  and  tl:e 
estern  sea.    Then  lie  1h>- 
mt  said,  'Yon  must  move 
vou.'     With  one  loot  !ie 
[other  he  trampled  dmvu 

III  loved  his  red  (diildrcn. 
but  it  all  meant  notli- 

lO.'  I  have  heard  a  ;in'iii 
mi  and  ended  the  siuiic. 
sioii.he  said,  '(iet  aliille 

there  is  a  pleasant  cdiui- 
sv  he  says, '  The  land  vou 
icre  is  ):tmw  \  there  yim 
Ills.'     Brothers!   Will  imt 

chihlren,  and  his  tonuic 

lit  of  the  United  ptatrMo 
Iv.     It  was  not  thoiidit  or 
[tion  IVom  that  nation  was 
jr  the  renewal  of  fvioml- 
Lcc  they  had  with  I'lisi- 
|i<re  in  the  pwsuit  of  (ijiri- 
ImjiVrf,-"   hnt  said,"asiill 
te  the  hunter's  liti^  ior  an 
Trprht  he  divided  hy  a  line 
lude  nil  the  waters  of  tlu' 
eontractinir  their  sonetj 
kmenl  of  f  red  laws  nwl  n 
Liter's  life,  owinir  to  tlie 
io  "-o  over  the  INiississiiipi, 
[United  States.    'JN)  tl">se 

iF.nglisli  seUlcmcnt  under  Gen 


CHAP.  XV.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES, 


111 


propositions  the  president  gave  Iiis  entire  and  unqualified  approbation.  No 
objection  is  heard  of  against  tlieir  erecting  a  government  for  themselves,  or 
a  wish  to  restrain  them  in  any  manner. 

Kve"t'w"y)  some  four  or  five  thousand  of  tiie  lower  town  Cherokees  did 
eiiii'Tutc  to  Arkansas,  and  there  a  wretciied  life  many  of  them  worried  out ; 
iiiaiiv  1''"  "'  ^^'^''''^  ^'*''  ^'"^  Osages,  some  few  got  back  to  their  own  country, 
,,iid  sickness  swe|)t  ofi"  many  more.  Such  fruits  of  emigration  tended  to 
sireiigtlien  the  U|)per  towns  in  tiieir  resolution  of  cultivating  the  land ;  and 
HJicn,  in  lii'2'3,  commissioners  wtire  appointed  to  treat  with  them  for  their 
country,  and  for  their  removal  west,  they  directly  refused,  and  showed  how 
iiiiiih  better  off  they  were  for  continuing  in  their  own  nation  than  tiiose  who 
liad  emigrated.  And  here  ended  for  some  years  all  attempts  on  the  paj't  of 
the  L'uited  States  to  treat  witli  tiiem  (or  a  removal.  The  seeds  of  avarice, 
aitliougli  sown,  hud  not  come  to  maturity,  but,  like;  u  jiiunt  in  an  uncongenial 
soil,  remained  without  seeming  to  flourish  or  decay ;  yet  at  length  a  j)rosj)er- 
oiis  cultivator  being  found  in  a  president  of  tiie  United  States,  its  growtii  soon 
astonished  all  beholders,  and  its  branches  cast  a  deathlike  shade  over  a  ])ros- 
peroiis  nation,  and  withered  it  away. 

We  have  before  remarked  upon  the  discovery  made  by  the  sotithern  poli- 
ticians, namely,  that  from  the  time  of  Washington,  there  had  been  no  presi- 
dent (including  that  great  man)  who  knew  wiiat  laws  and  treaties  meant ; 
that  all  the  time  and  money  whicli  liad  been  spent  in  making  treaties,  had 
been  thrown  away  ;  for  it  was  now  discovered  that  Indians  were  only  tenants 
at  will,  and  had  no  right  on  any  lands  within  certain  state  boundaries,  any 
lonaer  than  the  charity  of  the  good  people  near  them  would  humanely  per- 
mit, lu  fact,  all  these  treaties  were  now  found  out  to  be  tmconstitulional. 
This  doctrine  was  finally  the  hinge  on  which  the  whole  business  turned. 
But  Georgia  herself  could  condescend  to  treat  with  the  Cherokees  in  1783, 
and  obtained  from  them  a  considerable  tract  of  country.  Did  that  state  con- 
dmend  then  to  acknowledge  the  Cherokees  an  independent  nation  to  get 
from  them  by  treaty  that  whicli  she  was  not  strong  enough  to  take  by  force  ? 
I  will  not  aver  that  it  was  so.  One  thing,  however,  there  is,  about  which 
there  can  be  no  misconception ;  the  Cherokees  were  then  powerfiil ;  and 
tJiougli,  in  the  war  with  Kngland,  whicli  Iiad  just  terminated,  they  fought 
ajraiiist  us,  they  now  come  Ibrwai-d  and  declared  for  us ;  and  their  alliance 
was  considered  of  no  small  account,  situated  as  we  then  were  in  relation  to 
tlie  JSpaiiiards  in  Florida.  And,  besides,  it  must  be  considered  tluit  at  the 
close  of  the  revolution,  our  peojile  desired  peace  with  the  Cherokees  as  much 
as  they  with  us;  and,  in  the  language  of  Chief  Justice  Marshall,*  "  W^hen  tlie 
l'uited  States  gave  peace,  did  they  not  also  receive  it  ?  Did  the  Cherokees 
cnnie  to  us,  to  our  seat  of  government,  to  solicit  peace  ;  or  did  our  govern- 
ment send  commissioners  to  them  to  usk  it?"  The  result,  however,  was  the 
treaty  of  Hopewell,  "  witiiin  the  Cherokee  nation,"  and  not  at  New  York,  that 
that  pclebrated  treaty  was  made. 

The  series  of  usurpations  commenced  upon  the  Cherokees  and  other 
Indians,  has  at  length,  in  this  present  year,  1840,  reached  the  climax  of 
oppression  contemplated  by  its  originators.  That  peojile  had  long  viewed 
further  encroachments  upon  them  as  certain,  inasmuch  as  such  encroach- 
ments liad  never  actually  ceased  fron.'  the  day  of  their  acquaintance  with  the 
white  man ;  but  tlie  awful  thunder  which  burst  u|.on  them  in  our  day  had 
never  been  thought  of  by  the  whites,  much  less  by  themselves,  until  within  a 
lew  years.  They  had,  indeed,  as  early  as  182.'J,  observed  a  dark  cloud  gather- 
iuif  in  the  nordi-east,  but  they  rationally  thought  that  the  extent  of  countiy  it 
nuist  pass  over,  before  it  should  reach  them,  would  (pialify  its  rage,  and  waste 
its  deadly  effects ;  hap|)y  tor  them  had  it  proved  as  they  had  hoped,  and  as 
every  friend  of  humanity  and  justice  had  hoped  it  would ;  but  it  came  and 
swept  away  the  Cherokees. 

The  monstrous  project  of  a  removal  of  all  the  Inditms  within  our  limits 
beyond  the  Mississippi,  is  not  chargeable  to  any  one  of  our  chief  (iiagistrates, 
but  Mr.  Monroe  is  cons|)icuou8  among  them,     lie  proposed  it  with  diffidence 


Opinion  in  llie  case,  \Vorcester  vs.  fhe  Stale  of  Gecr^ia,  p.  M. 


■  ■'';,'-'■■:  ''111 


•  A'. 


'■■1'; 
.'i  .  - 


';■  i"i  I   ■■■;  i^'-'n 


ll''  ^M 
if  2 


W  ..■%»'!5»JL 


112 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CUKROKEES, 


[fiooK  IV. 


in  liis  opening  messnge  to  oon<rn'ss,  on  tlie  7th  of  Deccinlirr,  1P94  ;  niul  Ihtp 
let  UH  observe,  that  tlie  suffj^estion  was  ii»ule  njion  tiie  saiiie  month,  and  nciiHv 
the  same  (hiy  oftiie  month,  that  onr  liitliers  eame  to  these  shores;  and  on  tljr. 
27tli  of  January,  lollowinfr,  iu;  strongly  reeonnnemled  tin;  measure.  Sic  ^y,. 
indueed  to  juoitose  sueh  a  plan,  he  said,  as  th(!  only  one  he  could  devise  jq 
relieve  the  eountry  from  the  diHieuhv  hy  which  its  executive  was  surroiiiKic,] 
and  which  every  day  tliickened.  Georjiia  was  pressing  with  severe  eiirncst' 
ness;  tdleging  that  the  time  had  arrived  when  the  Indian  title  t((  Lmds  witlin 
its  limits  sliould  be  extinguished,  and  the  new  states  were  crowdin<r  ,,1,  ,,|j 
sides  with  undue  importunity,  that  their  claim  fur  Indians'  lands  was  ;is  umni 
as  their  neighl)ors',  'Hiv  president,  therefore,  like  a  hankrupt,  who,  to  ^(^1  |.||j 
of  a  dilHcult  demand  to-day,  obligates  himself  to  pay  a  greater  one  to-nunniw 
disregards  the  dictates  of  his  own  judgment,  it  was  luider  these  circum- 
stances that  a  removal  was  recouunended. 

But  with  this  recommendation  of  removal,  Mr.  Monroe,  although  he  sprajis; 
of  force,  repudiates  in  the  strongest  terms  its  emi»loynient.  And  we  (•■•1111114 
doubt  his  suggestion  was  dictated  by  the  purest  benevolence,  lie  snvs,  '>Tlie 
condition  of  the  aborigines  within  our  limits,  and  especially  those  who  ,iro 
within  the  limits  of  any  of  the  states,  nusrits  peculiar  attention.  Kxperiem-o 
has  shown,  that  uidess  the  tribes  be  civilized,  they  can  never  be  incorjioiiiitd 
into  our  system,  in  any  Ibrm  whatever.  It  has  likewise  shown,  that  in  tiie 
regular  augmentation  of  our  population,  with  the  extension  of  our  stitlo. 
ments,  their  situation  will  become  deplorable,  if  their  extinction  is  imt 
menaced.  Some  Avell-digested  plan,  which  will  rescue  them  lioin  siicli 
calamities,  is  due  to  their  rights,  to  the  rights  of  humanity,  and  to  the  hoiKir 
of  the  nation.  Their  civilization  is  indispensable  to  their  safety,  and  tiiis  can 
be  accomplished  only  by  degrees.  Difficulties  of  the  most  serious  cliariutcr 
present  themselves  to  the  attainment  of  this  very  desirable  result,  on  tlie 
territory  on  which  they  now  reside.  To  remove  tfiem  from  it  by  force,  even 
with  a  view  to  their  own  security  or  happiness,  would  be  revolting.'  to 
humanity,  and  utterly  unjustifiable." 

And  touching  this  matter  we  have  a  very  clear  view  of  the  opinions  of  Mr. 
Monroe,  regarding  Indian  rights,  in  another  message,  in  which  he  ex])r('sses 
himself  as  follows :  "  I  have  no  hesitation,  however,  to  declare  it  as  my 
opinion,  that  the  Indian  title  was  not  affected  in  the  slightest  circunsstaiire 
by  the  compact  with  Georgia,  and  that  there  is  no  obligation  on  the  Vniled 
States  to  remove  the  Indians  by  force.  The  express  stipulation  of  the  conipuci, 
that  their  title  should  be  extinguished  at  the  expense  of  the  United  Stiiips, 
when  it  may  be  done  peaceably,  and  on  reasonable  conditions,  is  a  fill!  pruol' 
that  it  was  the  clear  and  distinct  understanding  of  both  parties  to  it,  tiiat  the 
tidians  had  a  right  to  the  territory,  in  the  disi)osal  of  which  they  were  to  be 
regarded  as  free  agents.  An  attempt  to  remove  them  by  force  would,  in  my 
opinion,  be  unjust.  In  the  future  measures  to  be  adopted  in  regard  to  the 
Indians  within  our  limits,  and,  in  conseqvience,  within  the  limits  of  any  state, 
the  United  States  have  duties  to  perform,  and  a  character  to  sustain,  to  wliieh 
they  ought  not  to  be  indifferent."  Bui  what  have  the  admonitions  of  all  goad 
men  availed?  And  the  more  we  meet  with,  the  more  we  are  astonished  at 
the  result  of  things,  and  the  more  eeverely  do  we  deprecate  and  deiioimcf 
the  advocates  of  the  course  ])ursued. 

The  president  evidently  had  not  thotight  very  seriously  about  the  removal 
of  the  Indians  at  this  tune,  and  knew  little  of  the  history,  or  actual  state  nt' 
the  Cherokees ;  they  had  then  become  considerably  civilized,  aiul  instead  of 
decreasing,  were  increasing.  But  about  two  months  after,  he  again  makes 
the  Indian  subject  the  object  o'^  a  special  message,  in  the  outset  of  wliicli  he 
holds  this  language :  "  Being  deeply  impressed  with  the  opinion,  that  the 
removal  of  the  Lidian  tribes  from  the  lands  which  they  now  occupy  ^vitllin 
the  limits  of  the  several  states  and  territories,  to  the  country  lying  westward 
and  northward  thereof,  within  our  acknowledged  boundaries,  is  of  ven  iiiiih 
importance  to  our  Union,  aiul  may  be  accomplished  on  conditions  and  in  a 
manner  to  promote  the  interest  and  hai)})iness  of  those  tribes,  the  attoiiiinn 
of  goverimient  has  been  long  drawn,  with  great  solicitiule,  to  the  sidiject,' 

First  a  removal  is  barely  thotight  abotit,  then  talked  about,  then  jtroposcd. 


[Book  IV. 

ihrr,  1P24  ;  niid  here 
lie  iiiontli,  aiul  nearly 
e  sliorcs;  iiiid  oinhe 
10  nunisiuT.    Jlc  was 
le  lu!  could  devise  to 
itivo  was  siimniiideil, 
with  severe  eiiriiesi- 
m  title  t«t  liiiids  within 
.vcre  erowdiiif:  on  all 
Ills'  lands  was  ;is  ^muhI 
ikrJipt,  who,  to  fiet  rid 
rreatcr  one  to-iiioiniw, 
I  under  these  eiiTinu- 

36,  altlioiijrh  he  ppenks 
nont.  And  we  ciiiiiiut 
leiice.  He  says,  '''I'lio 
pci'ially  those  who  aro 
ittetition.     Exjterieiirp 

never  be  ineoqiorinid 
is(!  shown,  that  in  the 
rtension  of  our  settle- 
hen*  extinction  is  not 
scue  them  Irom  siicii 
anity,  and  to  the  lidinir 
lieir  safety,  and  this  can 

most  seriovis  cliaractir 
lesirable  result,  on  the 
n  from  it  by  force,  vm\ 
would  be  revoltiii}.'  to 


kV  of  the  opinions  of  Mr. 
\  in  which  he  cx])r('sses 
^r,  to  declare  it  as  my 
e  slightest  circninstume 
obligation  on  the  UnM 
|)ulation  of  the  coinvail, 
^e  of  the  United  States, 
iiditions,  is  a  full  I'loot' 
)th  parties  to  it,  that  the 
which  they  were  to  be 
n  by  force  would,  in  my 
dopted  in  re^'ard  to  the 
u  the  limits  of  any  folate, 
icter  to  sustain,  to  which 
■  admonitions  of  all  g:wJ 
ore  we  are  astonislicd  iit 
leprecate  and  denoiime 

lously  about  the  rcniovd 
listofv,  or  actual  state  tit 
r-ivili'/ed,  and  instcm  et 
IS  after,  he  ajiain  makos 
n  the  outset  of  which  he 
ith  the  opinion,  that  the 

thev  now  occupy  within 
.  country  lying  westward 
aundaries,  iHofvenliisli 

on  conditions  and  ni  a 
iiose  tribes,  the  attention 
ilicitude,  to  the  sul.j^'ft. 

cd  about,  then  provosed, 


CKAP.  XV.] 


HISTORY  OF  THR  CIIF.ROKEKS. 


113 


then  strongly  recommended  ;  so  far  there  must  be  no  compulsion,  because  it 
would  be  too  baretaced  an  outrage  on  the  common  seiisi;  of  the  pt'ople ; 
iK'faiise  the  Indians  iidll  remove  without  lijrce;  they  can  be  bought  out. 
Tiiat!  showed  that  they  could  not  be  obliged  to  sell  their  couiitiy ;  tluMi  the 
iiroject  of  extending  state  laws  over  them  is  started,  which,  though  unconsti- 
tutional, can  be  enibrced  in  s|)ite  of  the  general  government,  to  tin;  incal- 
culable mischief  of  the  Indians;  and  besides,  could  it  be  ijiposed  that  the 
jTcneral  government  would  resist  state  laws  unto  u  drop  i  white  blood  in 
,lf  fence  of  the  rights  of  Indians '^  A  prejiosterous  ideu!  A  result  which  <-ould 
not  lie  allowed  to  liapuen  in  these  days  of  light  and  reason  in  abundance. 
Wiiile  the  executive  of  the  general  government  is  pondering  the  matter,  not 
oiilv  Indians,  but  citizens  of  the  United  Htates,  among  them  as  instructors, 
ami  by  the  direction  and  under  the  authority  of  the  president  himself,  are 
siized  hy  an  armed  force,  dragged  to  a  distant  region,  and  thrown  into  prison! 
Months  pass  away,  and  the  giveniment  is  still  pondering  on  what  is  to  be  done. 
In  the  mean  time  Georgia  sends  out  an  armed  force  to  protect  the  Indians, 
and  we  will  hear  how  this  force  perlbrmed  the  service,  as  set  forth  in  a 
nieiiiorial  to  congress  from  some  of  the  most  respectable  of  the  Cherokees, 
in  1831. 

"In  the  name  and  authority  of  G.  R.  Gilm[.i,  governor  of  Georgia,  a  bill 
was  tiled  in  cliaiicery,  in  the  superior  court  of  Hall  county,  in  July  last,  HftiO,) 
aBiiiist  certain  Cherokeiis,  jiraying  for  i  n  injunction  to  stop  them  from  digging 
iiml  searching  for  gold  within  the  limits  of  their  own  nation ;  and  the  bill 
lieing  sworn  to  before  .fudge  Clayton,  he  awarded  mi  injunction  against  the 
parties  named  in  the  bill  as  deiendants,  commanding  them,  forthwith,  to 
desist  from  working  on  tho:-e  mines,  under  the  penalty  of  ^0,000  dollars ;  at 
the  same  time  and  place  ^he.e  were  unmolested  several  thousand  intruders 
from  Georgia  and  othei  states,  engaged  in  robbing  the  nation  of  gold,  for 
wliicli  the  owners  wcjre  ordered  not  to  work  by  the  said  writ.  Und(!r  the 
authority  of  this  injunction,  the  sheriff  of  Hall  county,  with  an  armed  force, 
invaded  the  nation,  consisting  of  u  colonel,  a  captain,  and  !}0  or  40  of  the 
militia  of  the  state  of  Georgia,  who  arrested  a  numi3er  of  Cherok(!es  engaged 
in  digging  for  gold,  who  were  at  first  rescued  by  the  troops  of  the  United 
jitatcs,  stationed  near  the  jilace,  and  the  sherifl'  and  his  party  themselves 
inudc  prisoners,  and  conducted  fifteen  miles  to  the  military  camp,  when  a 
cfliiiicii  of  examination  was  held,  and  the  e.>liibition  of  their  res|)ective 
authorities  made,  which  resulted  in  the  release  of  the  sheriff  and  his  party, 
and  a  written  order  by  the  commanding  officer  of  the  United  States  troops, 
directing  the  Cherokees  to  submit  to  the  authority  of  '^Jeorgia,  and  that  no 
llirther  protection  could  be  extended  to  tliein  at  the  gold  mines,  as  he  could 
no  longer  interfere  with  the  laws  of  Georgia,  but  would  ali'ord  aid  in  carrying 
them  into  execution.  On  the  return  of  the  sheriff  and  his  party,  they  passed 
by  the  Cherokees  who  were  still  engaged  in  digging  for  gold,  and  ordered 
llieni  to  desist,  under  the  penalty  of  being  committed  to  jail,  and  |)roce(Mled 
to  destroy  their  tools  and  machinery  for  cleaning  gold,  and  after  committing 
some  luither  aggression,  they  returiuul.  Shortly  afterwards,  the  sli«>riff,  witli 
ajiiiard  of  four  nuui,  and  a  process  fioin  the  state  of  Georgia,  arrested  three 
Cherokees  for  disobeying  the  injuuctioii,  while  peaceably  engaged  in  their 
laliors,  and  conducted  them  to  VVadkinsville,  a  distance  of  7.5  miles,  bciore 
the  sime  judge,  A.  S.  Clayton,  who  then  and  there  sentcuiced  them  to  pay  a 
tine  oC  SK}  dollars,  costs,  and  to  stand  committed  to  prison  until  jiaid ;  and 
also  compelled  them  to  give  their  bond  in  the  sum  of  1,000  dollars,  for  their 
jiei'soiial  ap|)earance  before  his  next  court,  to  answer  the  charges  of  violating 
the  writ  of  injunction  aforesaid.  They  were  retained  in  custody  five  days, 
then  paid  the  costs,  and  gave  the  required  bond.  They  ap[)eared  agreeably 
to  the  bonds,  and  Judge  Clayton  dismissed  them,  on  the  ground  that  the 
eovenior  of  Georgia  could  not  become  a  prosecutor  in  tin;  case.  For  tli(;se 
unwarrantuble  outrages,  coimnitted  on  their  persons  and  property,  no  ajiology 
wasolfered,  nor  to  this  day  has  luiy  of  their  money  been  refimded." 

It'  there  are   any   blacker  cases   of  outrage  any  wliere  committed   in   a 
Christian  country,  we  are  not  informed  of  tbein.     Such  would  not  be  sub- 
mitted to  ill  Turkey  or  Chiua.     The  manner  in  which  aflftiirs  were  managed 
10* 


III  i-M'^SHi^5^!if 


M' 


i 


:n.' 


■i'l*';;' '■Mi,,-'-  '7i( 


■  ^  J*\it  ^ !  I 


.      ■   '    't^f::H.lti!i^  V..,  H,i 


,, ., .;  ,. 

"'■V  ''i"' 

:;-'« 

^■0:0 

v''''ll 

0i 

:"■!  'ii-'V:  ifFi 


-l^^'i;; 


■illr 


-m 


114 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEROKEES. 


[Book  IV. 


in  Greorgia,  under  color  of  luw, 


luw,  is  n  disgrace  to  the  least  civilized  comnmiijtv 
€ren.  Macoinb  marched  the  troops  of  ''  e  United  Stales  into  the  (.'lu-iokep 
country,  he  said,  to  guard  against  th«  iculties  which  it  was  appiclK..,,!,.,! 
would  grow  out  of  the  conflicting  operations  of  the  Cherokoes  hikI  (/,(, 
lawless  intruders  upon  the  mineral  district,  and  hnving  fulfilled  (he  inslni' lions 
of  the  government,  the  troops  were  directed  to  return  lor  the  winter  to  tliejr 
respective  quarters." 

About  the  same  time  Gov.  Gilniar  wrote  to  the  secretary  of  war,  rcqiicstinfr 
the  withdrawal  of  the  troojis,  observing  that  (ieorgia  could  enforce  licr  own 
laws.  When  this  notice  was  received  at  Washington,  the  secretary  wrote  to 
Gihnar  that  he  had  "just  ordered  their  withdrawal,  because  the  object  tor 
which  they  had  been  sent  was,  in  a  great  measure,  accomplished ! "  ^(,,y  j,- 
the  Cherokee  country  belonged  to  Georgia,  it  is  difficult  to  see  what  hiisinp^s 
the  general  government  had  to  send  its  troops  into  her  territory,  to  icinove 
gold  diggers  or  any  other  kind  of  diggers,  whether  digging  lawfully  in  tl,,.,,. 
"own  diggings,"  or  unlawfully  in  those  of  another.  It  was  a  new  doctiiiii' 
but  of  a  tenor  with  all  the  rest,  that  the  United  States  must  enforce  tiii!  Iims 
of  Georgia.  That  is  to  say,  she  must  enforce  them  ibr  Georgia,  if  Gcorirja 
desired  it,  or  if  not,  there  would  be  no  iuterlereuce  on  tlie  part  of  the  general 
government 


9i0fie 


CHAPTER  XVI. 


HISTORY    OF    THE    CHEROKEES,    CONCLUDED. 

"Come,  Lethn,  come!   thy  tide  olilivioun  roll 
O'er  all  that  proud  com|ilaeoncy  of  soul,     . 
That  generous  urdor,  that  enlivening  flame, 
Thiit  wrrmid  my  hosom,  when  I  heard  the  name 
Oi'  my  once  honored  country ; — let  thy  wave, 
Diirk  as  Avernus,  gloomy  us  the  grave, 
Drown  every  vestige  of  that  country's  fame, 
And  shade  the  light  that  bursts  upon  her  shame ! " — Pierpont. 

To  mark  the  progress  of  oppression,  we  here  note  as  follows  from  the 
Cherokee  Phoenix,  under  date,  "  JVeto  Echota,  19  February,  1831.  This  week 
we  present  to  our  readers  but  half  a  sheet.  The  reason  is,  one  of  our  printers 
has  left  us ;  and  we  expect  another,  who  is  a  white  man,  to  quit  us  veri  fionn, 
either  to  be  dragged  to  the  Georgia  penitentiary  for  a  term  not  less  tliun  tour 
years,  or  for  his  personal  safety  to  leave  the  nation,  to  let  us  shift  tor  our- 
selves as  well  as  we  can.  Thus  is  the  liberty  of  the  press  guarantied  In  the 
constitution  of  Greorgia.  But  we  will  not  give  tip  the  ship  while  she  is  nrtnat, 
We  have  intelligent  youths  enough  in  the  nation,  and  we  hope  before  long  to 
make  up  our  loss.  Let  our  patrons  bear  in  mind  that  Ave  are  in  the  woods, 
and,  as  is  said  by  many,  in  a  savage  country,  where  printers  are  uotplcntv; 
and  therefore  they  must  not  expect  to  receive  the  Phauiix  regular  for  a  wliiii-, 
but  we  will  do  the  best  we  can." 

One  month  after,  namely,  March  19,  the  Phoenix  says,  "The  law  of  Geor- 
gia, making  it  a  high  misdemeanor  for  a  white  man  to  reside  in  the  Clierokee 
nation,  without  taking  the  oath  of  allegiance,  and  obtaining  a  permit  li-omthe 
governor  of  Georgia,  or  his  agent,  is  now  in  a  course  of  execution.  On  last 
Sabbath,  after  the  usual  time  of  divine  service,  the  Georgia  guard  arrived,  and 
arrested  three  of  our  citizens,  viz.,  Rev.  Samuel  A.  Worcester,  Mi.  J.  F, 
Wheeler,  one  of  our  printere,  and  Mr.  Thomas  Gann,  the  two  last  being  citi- 
zens, with  Cherokee  fiimilies.  Mr.  Isaac  Proctor,  assistant  missionary  at  Car- 
mel,  had  the  evening  before  been  taken,  and  came  with  the  guard  as  a  jiris- 
oner.  On  Monday  they  were  marched  to  Etahwah,  where,  the  same  evenins, 
were  taken  the  Rev.  John  Thompson,  and  Mr.  William  Thompson."  Upon 
this  outrage  the  editor  of  the  Phcenix  meekly  remarks,  that  his  object  was 
Bimply  to  give  facts,  and  not  indulge  in  any  remarks  upon  their  origin.  Wil- 
liam Thompson  was  thrown  into  jail,  but  afterwards  discharged,  it  being 


[Book  IV. 

[•ivilizcd  comniiinitv. 

8  into  till!  (JIuTokt'p 
it  wuH  apprclicMdcd 
Cli«;r()kfH;s  mid  the 

ulfiUed  the  instrw  lions 

r  tlie  winter  to  tlicir 

iry  of  war,  reqiH'sting 
)ul(l  entbrco  \w\-  own 
lie  secretiiry  wrote  to 
ccuiise  the  object  tor 
niplishetl!"    Now,  if 
t  to  see  what  hiisincss 
iv  territory,  to  remove 
;ging  lawfully  in  their 
t  was  a  new  doctrine, 
must  enforce  the  laws 
or  Georgia,  if  Georgia 
the  part  of  tlie  general 


CHAP.  XVI.] 


HISTORY   OF  TIIC   (MIF-ROKEKS. 


115 


UDED. 


name 


liame ! "— Piebpont. 

►te  as  follows  from  the 
■nary,  IKil.    This  weeii 
in  is,  oneof  our  printers 
lan,  to  quit  us  verj-  snnn, 
term  not  less  tliiiii  tour 
to  let  ns  shift  lor  our- 
press  gtiarantied  by  the 
ship  while  she  is  iiHmit, 
we  hope  before  long  to 
Imt  we  are  in  the  woods, 
printers  are  not  ])lenty: 
snix  regtilar  for  a  wliiit, 

lays,  "The  law  of  (icnr- 
)  reside  in  the  Cherokee 
lining  a  permit  from  the 
J  of  execution.    On  last 
torgia  guard  arrived,  and 
V.  Worcester,  Mi.  I  F. 
J,  the  two  last  being  citi- 
fistant  missionary  at  Car- 
nth  the  guard  as  a  \mi- 
./here,  the  suine  eveniiis, 
iiam  Tliompson."    ll>on 
[rks,  that  his  object  \vas 
liipon  their  origin.    \N"- 
rds  discharged,  it  being 


m 


ascertained  that  he  did  not  live  in  the  nation.  The  missionaries  and  two 
others  were  taken  before  Jiidg(!  Clayton,  on  a  writ  of  habeas  corpus,  and  lil)- 
erated  by  liiin  on  the  ground  that  tliey  were  agents  of  the  goveriiinciit ;  they, 
however,  made  no  such  plea.  It  was  aiitly  .siid  by  tin;  Cherokt-es,  that  if  the 
missionaries  were  agents  of  the  govcninienl,  the  iMd>lic  miglit  rest  a.ssured 
lliat  (ieii.  Jackson  woidd  reform  them  out. 

They  were  true  prophets;  for  it  seems  that  Mr.  Worcester,  l)eing  postmas- 
ter at  New  Echota,  was  an  ag(mt  of  government,  and  was  discharged  to  make 
mom  for  a  more  certain  process  again.^it  him.  The  next  thing  to  be  (h)iie  was 
to  drive  him  from  the  post  oflice,  which  Mr.  Barry  did  without  delay,  and  put 
niiother  in  his  place,  who,  besides  performing  his  duty  of  postmaster,  per- 
lliriiiiMl  another,  of  more  jirotit  to  himselt;  probably,  of  stilling  licpiors  to  the 
Indians,  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  those  of  the 
Ch(>rokees. 

W'e  will  produce  another  short  narrative,  exhibiting  the  progress  of  crime 

d  oppression  against  the  Cherokee  nation,  b(!f()re  passing  to  other  details. 
11  is  contained  in  a  letter  from  John  Jtidge  to  Elius  Houdinot,  and  is  in  these 
words:  "The  Georgia  guard,  under  Col.  Nelson,  are  now  here  [at  Ougillogy] 
uiili  ioiir  i)risoners,  Mr.  Elliott  and  Mr.  Dennis,  white  men,  cuizens  of  this 
nation  by  marriage,  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Trott,  also  a  white  man,  who  are 
fharged  with  a  violation  of  the  Georgia  laws,  in  living  in  this  nation  by  its 
allowance  and  laws.  The  other  is  Mr.  John  West,  a  young  gentleman,  a 
Cherokee,  who  is  charged  with  the  high  crime  of  using  insolent  language  to 
the  guard.  These  four  I  saw  last  niglit  imder  guard,  chained  togellier  in  pairs, 
and  fastened  together  with  locks.  Mr.  David  Vann,  a  member  of  the  Chero- 
kee fcnate,  and  Thomas  Woodward,  are  also  arrested,  hut  not  chained,  who 
;,re  not  allowed  to  know  the  reason  of  their  arrest  until  they  arrive  at  head 
(liiarters,  70  or  80  miles  from  their  homes.  The  guard  are  still  in  })ursuit  of 
other  men.  They  have  a  wagon  along,  in  which  they  have  a  ilrum,  on  which 
they  beat,  and  a  fife,  to  make  martial  music." 

the  above  was  under  date  of  June  1.  On  the  21  May,  some  of  the  prin- 
cipal Cherokee  citizens  assendded  at  New  Echotfi,  and  issued  an  ai)peal  to 
the  people  of  the  Uiuted  States,  which,  though  claiming  nothing  but  justice, 
and  asking  for  protection,  time  i)assed  away,  and  none  were  found  to  step 
forward  to  relieve  them.  We  have  a  heavy  debt  to  [)ay,  at  soine  time  and  in 
some  manner,  which  will,  it  is  feared,  be  more  difticuit  to  discharge,  than  it 
would  have  been  to  have  supported  the  Cherokees  against  an  insignificant 
rahhle  of  self-constituted,  inflated  contemners  of  law  and  justice. 

In  18"2o,  Georgia  sent  on  commissioners  to  make  a  topographical  survey 
tliroii;;h  the  Cherokee  nation.  C  R.  Hicks  was  then  ])rinci|)al  chiefj  who 
forhids  the  proceeding  in  a  friendly  letter  to  Mr.  W.  Lumpkin,  tmder  whom 
the  survey  was  to  be  prosecuted.  No  attention  being  paid  to  this  notice,  Mr. 
Hicks  sent  his  son  with  two  other  Indians  to  remonstrate  with  the  surveyor 
in  more  pointed  terms.  He  was  told,  that  unless  he  desisted,  his  instnmients 
>lioiiUl  be  taken  from  him.  Not  thinking  it  proper  to  incur  further  displeas- 
ure, he  accordingly  desisted  for  that  time.  It  was  against  the  express  will  of 
the  Cherokee  comicil  that  any  sui'vey  should  be  underUiken  without  an  order 
from  the  secretary  of  war,  hccatise  no  state  has  any  authority  to  go  upon  the 
lands  of  the  Indians  for  any  such  purpose ;  and  even  the  United  States  never 
take  such  liberty  without  a  grant  from  them. 

Affairs  progressed,  without  much  of  interest  until  the  next  year.  Mean- 
while Georgia  had  been  informed  that  she  was  transcending  her  powers,  and 
that  she  would  not  be  tolerated  by  the  United  States  in  her  encroachments 
upon  the  Indians.  Whereupon,  Gov.  Troup,  not  finding  any  object  wlujreon 
to  use  his  sword,  if  he  had  had  one,  seized  that  "  mighty  instrument  of  little 
men,"  his  pen ;  and  had  we  not  known  that  steam  is  harmless  when  there  is 
nothing  to  confine  it,  we  should  have  apprehended  "  an  awful  explosion." 
Take,  as  a  specimen,  what  he  says  to  the  Hon.  James  Barbour,  secretary  at 
war:  "Sir,  you  are  sufficiently  explicit  as  to  the  means  by  whicli  you  propose 
to  carry  your  resolution  into  effect.  Thus  the  military  character  of  the 
menace  is  established,  and  I  am  only  at  liberty  to  give  to  it  the  defiance 
which  it  merits.    From  the  fii'st  decisive  act  of  hostility,  you  will  be  cousid- 


'A>*^' 


]1G 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CHEIIOKEES. 


[Rook  IV. 


ercd  and  treatocl  ns  a  |(iil)Iic  «'iioiiiy ;  and  witli  tlif  less  ropnpnancc,  hicaiiHe 
you,  to  vvlioiii  \vc  might  roiiHtitulionally  liavc  uppcnlcd  for  (jur  own  (Iclcnre 
ajrainst  iiiviision,  arc  yoiirrtclvcH  invaders;  and  wliat  iw  mtnv,  the  unbl unking 
allies  of  the  fiiiViiftcs,  w  liosi;  caiisf  you  liavc  ado|)t(Ml," 

Vapor  is  soon  dissolved  in  air,  and  words  from  a  soutiicrn  (iirnncc  iiiiHiuiit 
to  no  nion;  in  tliis  wise  tiiaii  (■(•lio«!s  from  an  icelx-rfr.  Jn  Jri^H,  a  |iii,<r  ,.,,. 
port  was  made  by  a  committee' of  tin-  lionse  of  representatives  of  (J,  onri,, 
8econ<lcd  by  sinidry  n'sohitions  of  u  character  with  Ibrnier  i)roci'ediiij.s.  \[ 
was  resolved,  that  inasmuch  as  tlie  Unitc^d  States  had  liiiled  to  |)ro(ini.  d^ 
Cherok<'e  lands  "as  early,"  and  upon  as  "reasonable  terms,"  as  it  niinht  1,,,^^ 
done,  tiiey  had  thereby  '■'■  palpabbf  violated  tlwir  contract  mlh  (Icorfrin,  h\h\  .|r,, 
now  bound,  at  all  hazards,  and  without  regard  to  terms,  to  procure  said  liinds 
for  tlie  use  of  (Jeorfjia;  that  all  said  lands  belon<r  to  her  absolutely,  nnd  iluit 
the  Indians  are  tenants  at  her  will."  This,  the  connnittee  said,  was  their /(,^( 
appeal. 

The  administration  of  Mr.  Adams  being  at  an  en«l,  Georjfia  had  no  Innsrrr 
any  thing  to  lear,  but  practised  its  alHises  with  singtdar  im|)nnity.  j'niiics 
from  that  state  would  jro  over  the  Cherokee  line,  steal  and  drive  otl'  i||,.j|. 
stock;  and  the  Indians  had  not  the  leaijt  remedy  left.  Some  despairinL'lv 
ejiid,  "Jf  tliey  could  get  no  redress,  tiiey  could  feel  deeply  t/w  injmtirt  duiie 
them." 

Had  the  upright  and  consmninate  statesman,  John  Quincy  Adams.  1)(.,>i) 
continued  in  the  presidential  chair,  the  late  of  the  Cherokc-es  would  Imve 
been  different;  at  least,  so  long  as  his  sage  counsel  liad  been  f()l lowed,  tliev 
would  have  been  secure  in  tlieir  rights.  In  his  message  to  congress  on  the 
5  Februarj-,  18:27,  he  said,  "  It  is  my  duty  to  say,  that  if  the  legislative  and 
exectitive  authorities  of  the  state  of  Georgia  should  persevere  in  i.rts  of  en- 
croaclnnent  upon  tlie  territory,  secin*ed  by  a  solenm  treaty  to  the  Indians,  iind 
tlie  laws  of  the  Union  remain  unaltered,  a  superadded  obligation,  even  liijrlicr 
than  that  of  human  authority,  will  compel  tlie  executive  of  the  United  States 
to  enforce  the  laws,  and  fidtil  the  duties  of  the  nation,  by  all  the  Ibrce  coin- 
mitted  for  that  piir])08e  to  his  charge."  It  was  to  such  decisive  langiiai;  .litld 
by  the  iiead  of  the  government,  that  tlie  Cherokees  owed  what  little  (|iiiet 
they  bad,  until  182i>,  when  a  new  interpretation  given  to  our  laws  changed 
order  into  anarchy. 

On  the  15  September,  1831,  eleven  persoiis  were  brought  to  trial  at  Law 
renceville,  lor  the  crime  of  living  in  tl»e  Cherokee  nation,  without  takinji  hd 
oath  to  obey  the  laws  of  Georgitu  They  were  all  l)rought  in  guilty  by  a  jiiiy, 
alter  bcnng  out  litteen  minutes.  Nine  of  the  convicts  were  pardoned,  on  driv- 
ing assurances  that  they  would  not  offend  again.  The  two  niissioniuieii, 
Worcester  anil  Butler,  having,  as  they  averred,  coiMniitted  no  crime,  would 
accept  no  pardon,  and  were  accordingly  taken  to  the  penitentiary.  'I'lie  gov- 
ernor (Gilmar)  of  Georgia,  dreading  the  expression  of  public  opinion,  was  in 
hoj)es  to  have  got  rid  of  the  nussionaries  at  a  cheaper  rate  than  was  now 
promised,  writes  to  the  inspectors  of  the  prison,  requesting  that  tliey  would 
"converse  with  each  convict  alone,  and  ascertain  from  them  whetlur  tiiov 
are  disposed  to  promise  not  again  to  offend  the  laws,  if  they  shoidd  be  par- 
doned. But  tins  overture  amounte<l  to  nothing,  for  they  were  determined 
hi  their  coui-se,  and  went  accordingly  to  "hard  labor"  among  lolons!  Prison 
clothes  were  put  on  them,  bearing  about  their  waists  the  initials  of  tiieir 
names  in  large  red  letters. 

In  November  following,  Georgia  was  cited  to  appear  before  the  supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  to  show  cause  why  the  judgment  of  one  of  her  courts 
should  not  be  set  aside  in  the  case  of  Messrs.  Bu*  Jer  and  Worcester.  (Jeor- 
gia,  through  her  executive,  raised  the  cry  of  state  rights,  and  said  that  any  at- 
tempt of  the  United  States  to  interlere  with  her  criminal  jurisdiction,  umli 
challenge  the  most  determined  resistance,  and,  if  persisted  in,  would  incvitaUij 
annihilate  the  Union.  When  the  case  came  on,  there  was  no  appearance  on 
the  part  of  Georgia ;  thus  showing  its  contempt  for  that  tribunal.  And  wiieu 
it  was  decided  that  that  state  had  no  right  to  imi)risoii  any  jiersons  on  tiie 
ground  assumed,  and  a  mandamus  was  served  on  the  court  which  lia<l  tried 
the  missionaries,  for  a  habeas  corpus,  it  was  refused,  and  the  niaiidaiiius 


fl 


[Rook  IV. 

(ipimiu'c,  lii'i'aiiHe 
our  own  (IclfiM'o 
iiv,  the  itnlilunliing 

II  liirnacc  iiiiiniint 
I  Iri'^H,  II  loiij;  rc- 
liilivfs  of  (i((iri;in, 
r  proct't'(rnij.s.  U 
led  to  procure  ilie 
,"  as  it  mi^lit  \mv 
h  (ico/X'")  ""•'  lire 

procuri'  said  hiiuls 
iltsolutcly,  and  that 

said,  was  tlieir  kit 

irjria  liud  no  l(iiii.'('r 
iiii|)iiiiity.     Parties 

and  drive  otV  tlicir 
Some  dt'>'lmil•ill^ly 

bj  the  injustice  dom 

.uiNCY  Abams.  been 
M'okees  vonld  liave 

been  IbiUnvi'd,  tliey 
e  to  congress  on  tlic 
■  the  legisiativt'  unil 
severe  in  t.cts  of  eii- 
y  to  tlie  Indians,  iiiul 
)ligation,  even  liijilicr 

of  the  United  States 
jy  all  the  ibrce  cnui- 
I'cisive  languai;  .liekl 
ved  wliat  httle  (luiet 
to  our  laws  changed 

light  to  trial  at  Law 
in,  without  taking  an 
.It  in  guilty  by  a  jiiiy, 
•re  pardoned,  on  giv- 
ue  two  niissioniu'ies, 
ted  no  criiiie,  would 
liteiitiary.    Tlif  gov- 
[iililic  opinion,  was  in 
r  rate  than  was  now 
[ting  that  they  would 
ti  thciu  whetlier  they 

they  should  bi'  piir- 
|hey  were  deterniiiied 
luong  lelons!    Prison 

the  hiitials  of  tlieir 

Ir  before  the  supreme 
Vt  of  one  of  her  courts 
[id  Worcest(!r.  Ceor- 
and  sai<l  that  any  at- 
[ml  jurisdiction,  icoij" 

in,  would  fnci'i'-' 

tas  no  appearance  on 

tribunal.    And  when 

In  any  persons  on  the 

court  which  had  tried 

and  the  niandwiius 


Thap 


XVI.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  CIIEROKEES. 


117 


disffgarded.  Thus  stood  aiatters  in  March,  iSi'i,  and  nothing  was  expected 
,11  he  done  in  fiivor  of  the  |»ri.soners  for  a  year  to  como,  owing  to  the  delays 
conscciucnt  ujion  law  proceedings.  And  iiere  we  will  remark,  tiiat  Inw.s  are 
ixcelleiit  when  they  suit  the  vii-ws  of  avaricious  mm,  but  wlien  tliey  thwart 
their  iw.'^e  propensities,  they  are  exceedingly  op|»ressive.  In  the  tiiiii!  of  Mr. 
Jetlcrson's  administration,  I'eimsylvimia  attempted  to  resist  a  mandate  of  the 
siimeine  court,  but  in  due  time  wisely  yielded  to  lier  duty;  and  be  it  remiMii- 
l^rcd,  tiiat  (ieorgia  was  iimong  the  Ibremost  to  deciure  that  Pennsylvania 
,|i„iild  bf  coerced  into  submission. 

Ill  Scptemiier,  IrtW,  a  detiiciimeiit  of  United  Htates  troops  again  scoured 
ihe  gold  mine  country.  At  the  iipjier  mines  they  arrested  upwards  of  one 
hundred  persons,  whites  and  CiierokiM-s.  The  latter,  idler  being  kept  under 
(TiiHrd  one  lugiit,  were  dismissed  with  the  peremptory  injunction,  7iol  lo  dif^ 
snijmore.  Hence  it  follows,  that  if  the  Cheroki^es  had  potatoes  in  the  groiim', 
ihi'V  iiud  no  right  to  dig  them  un,  neither  had  they  any  rigid  to  plant  them. 
ill  short,  Georgia  having  carried  iier  injustici!  as  far  ad  she  could,  the  United 
;«tates  stc|)S  in  and  lends  her  a  hand  in  extending  it! 

About  the  time  of  this  wii7»7ar)/ expedition,  tiie  principal  men  of  Agnohee 
district  met  in  council,  and,  in  an  utlectionate  aiul  feeling  manner,  tlianked 
ail  those  citizens  of  the  United  f»tates  who  had  in  any  way  come  forward  and 
raised  their  voices  against  their  oppressors.  Tiiey,  at  the  same  time,  issued 
an  address  to  us,  which  would  do  honor  to  the  head  or  heart  of  any  philaii- 
ihrophst  that  ever  flourished  upon  the  proudest  |.  ^,'6  of  history.  And  we 
doubt  if  there  exists  that  nation  under  the  sun,  even  in  tiiis  enlightened  age, 
which  would  have  suffered  as  the  Ciierokees  have  done,  without  taking 
revenge  on  their  inhuman  oppressors.  To  what  then  are  we  to  attribute 
ilieir noble  and  philosophic  I'o; bearance :  to  their  civilization  or  degradation? 

As  matters  now  stood,  it  seemed  that  serious  difticulty  must  ensue  between 
the  I'nited  States  and  Georgia,  if  swaggering  and  bigh-soiinding  words  had 
anv  meaning,  when  proceeding  from  governors,  ex-governors,  and  others, 
hiiii  ill  ofhce  in  that  state.  IJiit  wliile  tiie  decision  of  the  supreme  court  was 
sleeping,  Geergiu  was  sweeping  onward  in  full  triiimjih ;  she  parcelled  out 
the  Cherokee  country,  and  drove  the  honest  owners  out  of  doors,  put  her 
own  citizens  in  their  places  from  one  corner  to  the  other  of  their  country ; 
every  whit 3  man  who  had  moral  courage  enough  to  question  these  nefarioua 
liroceediii'.'s,  was  obliged,  at  the  same  time,  to  exercise  discretion  enough  to 
keep  hirrs'iif  at  a  safe  distance  from  penitentiary  jurisdiction. 

Henc,  in  about  a  year  from  the  time  the  missionaries  were  thrown  into 
prison,  jfeorgia  had  got  full  and  undisturbed  possession  of  all  the  country  in 
questioi ,  and  had  nothing  to  fear  from  missionary  or  any  other  influence.  It 
was  the  refbre  concluded  that  a  sort  of  a  drawn  game  might  be  played  with 
the  su|  iTine  court;  thinking,  probably,  that  it  was  not  worth  wliile  to  try 
their  s.ieiigtii  witii  it  at  this  time,  lor  if  they  should,  it  might  estulilish  a  jire- 
cedeir;  which  would  prevent  a  jiiofifable  use  of  tlie  same  farce  hereafter, 
when  it  might  be  convenient  for  them  to  usurp  other  powers. 

It  seemed  now  understood,  that  if  Georgia  would  liberate  the  missionaries, 
they  would  not  urge  their  suit  any  further  against  her;  and  accordingly.  Gov. 
Lumpkin,  in  a  very  f^racious  manner,  proclaimed,  on  the  14th  of  January, 
I?fi,  that  "whereas  the  prisoners  had  signified  to  him  that  they  had  in- 
slructed  their  counsel  to  prosecute  their  suit  no  liirther,  and  should  therefore 
'/fdi'e  the  question  of  their  continuance  in  confinement  to  the  7Hrt/fn«rt(nnV_i/  rf  the 
sMe;'  and  taking  into  view  the  triumphant  s^round  which  the  state  finally 
occupies  in  relatinn  to  this  subject  in  the  eyes  of  the  nation,  as  has  hern 
sulficientiy  attested  through  various  channels,  especially  in  the  recent  over- 
whebning  reflection  of  President  Jackson,  the  known  defender  of  the  rights 
of  the  state  throughout  this  controversy;  and  above  all,  tiie  magnanimity  of 
Georgia  being  app'aled  to,  know  ye,  that  I  have  thought  proper  to  remit  the 
further  execution  of  their  sentence,  and  that  they  be  tbrthwith  discharged." 
Thus  nearly  a  year  had  |)assed  since  the  supr.  rii;'  court  had  decided  that  the 
a"''?  of  Georgia  were  a  violation  of  the  laws  of  the  land.* 

*  The  decision  was  made  by  Judge  Marshall  on  the  3d  March,  1832. 


4«r 


,i  IT 


4m 


I  1    V  ?!' 


>) 


.1 


J 


t  -■♦  .'** 


4 1'  ''fit 

■  w 

ly  tl 


.  '4 


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118 


HISTORY    or  THE  CMKROKEES. 


[Hook  IV. 


i 


l 


No  r(>no(*ti()iin  will  I'vor  1m)  r«!<|uin'cl  upon  tW\*  nflhir  from  tin-  liiNtorinii  ns 
tlu-y  will  iialiirHlly  Hiijim-sl  tliciiisclvcs  to  llu-  iniiiil  of  rvciy  ri-adn-,  wlm  \„i^ 
only  to  fonsidfr,  that  aigiiinent  had  very  litth!  to  do  when'  Andnjw  JnckKon 
was  coiii'itrncd. 

In  tiio  nii-niorial  which  the  chirfrt  of  tin-  ('hcrokcc  r.niDi.  .••'hiiiiit,.,|  ,„ 
« on<,'i('s.s  on  the  Md  of  .March,  IH'2!»,  arc  n-n  arks  and  rt!i'<oninf;N  so  pciiin,.,,^ 
ai.d  cogent,  that  it  is  surjirisinj,'  to  ns  how  it  could  haV)  Itrt-n  disrciranlnj  h'y 
honorahic  men.  Amon^  other  lhinf.'s  noticed,  they  r'  mark  that,  "  It  is  wjij, 
no  little  snr|irise  that  we,  have  seen,  in  a  docnment  printed  Dir  tlit>  nsf  of 
con^n-ess,  connected  with  tin;  snhjeet  of  Indian  emifrratioii,  the  IlilJoMin,, 
Henliments:  '  ti-on»  the  ascertained  ii'ciinjrs  of  the  eliiel's  of  the  .soiiiIhim 
Indians,  there  is  a  fixed  purpose,  hy  threats  or  otherwise,  to  keep  their  pinnl,. 
from  emi^ratinij'  And,  'there  is  no  donlit  hut  these  people  li-ar  tin  ir  cliii  is 
nnd  on  that  account  keep  hack.'"  'I'liese  in.-iiiuations,  the  memoriiilisi.s  s,|\ 
if  meant  for  them,  are  the  production  of  culpahle  i^niorance  or  wiiliil  M^l'. 
hood.  The  idea  that  their  pc^ople  are  overawed  and  in  li-ar  of  ijicir  flij,  |j,_ 
IH  as  ridiculous  as  it  would  he  to  snppost;  the  people  of  the  llni'rd  btnj  ^  m,! 
afraid  of  their  representatives.  " 'I'he  ^reat  Washington,"  they  coiilinn.. 
"advised  a  plan  and  atlbrded  aid  Jitr  the  fjeneral  improvement  of  our  nmioi)' 
President  Jellljr.^on  followed  the  nohle  example,  and  in  concluding' an  Hiidnss 
to  a  dehsfration,  he  said,  '  I  sincerely  wish  you  iruiy  siu-ceed  in  your  itiiuiiilili; 
endeavors  to  save  the  r«-mnant  of  yom*  nation,  hy  adoptiuj?  industrious  dicn. 
pations  and  n  f(overnment  of  rcfrulnr  law.  In  this  you  inai/ alinn/s  rrlji  on  Ike 
counsel  and  (mistitnce  of  Hie  Unitvd  SfnlvsV^  lint  ot'  what  avail  have  hccn  i|ic 
determination  of  Washington  and  the  earnest  desire  of  Jelli-rson? 

'I'he  "Hook  of  the  Trouhles  and  Miseries  of  the  emijfratinjr  Iiulmiis,"  Iws 
not  Ihhmi  pultlished.  Hundreds  have  heeii  swept  oH"  hy  sickness  on  iluir 
rugged  roail;  ohl  and  inlirtn  persons  have  ttdlen  und(>r  the  liitigues  and  iinni- 
ships  of  their  journey ;  iiimdreds  have  been  lanied  beneath  the  waves  ol' ilit> 
Mississippi  in  one  awful  catastropiie  ;  ■  wives  lo(\  husbands  on  the  way.  ncMr 
iiion?  to  join  them:  motliers  are  hurried  from  the  graves  of  their  chililiin, 
Mrs.  Koss,  wife  of  the  great  chief  of  that  na^!!i',  languished  and  died  hcllue 
reaching  the  imknowii  Jaiid  to  whicli  alio  was  bound;  but  I  camiot  {,'0  into 
th(^se  particulars. 

On  the  ISHIi  of  Jidy,  18.'{2,  n  fiist  was  observed  in  the  Cherokee  nation. 
President  Ross,  in  his  proclamation  recommeniling  it,  observes,  that  "  wlicrcus 
the  crisis  in  the  atUiirs  of  the  nation  ex!ul<its  the  day  of  trihidatien  mid 
sorrow,  and  the  time  appears  to  be  fiist  jiastening  wlien  the  distiny  of  iliis 
people  must  be  sealed ;  wlietlujr  it  iuis  been  directed  by  the  wonted  depniviiy 
and  wickedness  of  man,  or  by  the  imsearehable  and  mysterious  will  ot'im 
nil-wise  being,  it  equally  becomes  us,  as  a  rational  and  Christian  coniniuiiity, 
Innnbly  to  bow  in  humiliation,"  &e.  This  is  i)roduced  as  an  ever-staniliiig 
memorial  lor  all  sticii  as  may  desire  to  contrast  the  actions  of  tlic  Imliiuis 
with  those  of  Georgia;  that  they  may  be  able  to  judge  which  best  desiivud 
the  name  of  a  Christian  c.onununity. 

Thus,  in  the  year  l^f2,  the  Cherokees  gave  up  all  hope  of  receiving:  jnstire 
at  the  hands  of  our  government,  and  we  see  in  the  Phu'uix  of  June,  amoiig 
others,  these  observations:  "The  gigantic  silver  pipe  which  (Jeorgc  AV«.'>li- 
iiigton  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Cherokees,  as  a  memorial  of  his  wann  ami 
abiding  friendship,  has  ceased  to  reciprocate;  it  lies  in  a  corner  of  tlic  ix- 
ecutive  chamber,  cold,  like  its  author,  to  rise  no  more."  Aiul  in  tin;  (jiinie 
paragraph  they  refer  to  the  value  of  the  gold  rniiujs,  as  t()llows: 

"  The  value  of  the  Cherokee  tuition  can  hardly  be  stn  down  in  figures.  It 
is  worth  more  than  one  hundred  nfillions  of  dollars.  Let  us  estimate.  From 
Frogtown,  near  the  source  of  the  Chestatee,  commences  the  gold  region,  and 
is  termed  the  limit  of  Georgia.  From  this  point  almost  otie  hundred  miles 
on  a  straight  line  south,  or  towards  the  western  corner  of  Carroll  county,  is 

*  On  llie  31st  of  October,  1837,  as  the  sloamhoat  Monnioiilli,  with  (iOO  eniig;raniig  lii'liaii!, 
was  ascending  the  Mi.ssis.sippi,  il  was  run  into  by  anotlier  vessel,  an<l  311  of  tliose  iiiiscrnhle 
creatures  drowned!  That  such  a  nunil)er  should  have  been  crowded  into  one  boat  is  incred- 
ible, and  we  lire  informed  that  the  boat  was  an  old,  condemned  vessel.  It  was  probably  hired 
cheap  by  llie  cootractors  for  removing  Indianji ! 


[nooK  IV. 

iVoin  tin-  h'lHtdr'mii,  ns 
vtM-y  reader,  wlm  Ims 
lere  Andrew  Jmkcon 

r.iiioi.  ;''li»Miitf(|  t(i 
ixoniiiHH  so  iieiiliifi,, 
•  Itreii  disreuiiiili'd  liy 
mark  tliat,  "  It  Is  wiiii 
nillted   lor  tlie  li>e  ot' 
^ration,  the  I'ollowiiii; 
liiels  (d"  tlie  isoiiilicin 
e,  to  kee)!  tlieir  |m'(i|i1(' 
leople  tear  tin  ir  cliifrs, 
,  tlie  nieiKor'ialisis  sii\, 
oraiieo  or  wiltnl  IhIm:- 
in  tear  of  tlieir  eliii  I'fi, 
il'  tlie  llni".>i  I'lu'.i  i'  iii« 
tijjton,"  tliey  coiHiiiih', 
ovemeiit  of  our  iiiiiion. 
II  coneliidiiijiaii  ad(!ri>s 
iceeed  in  y<>wr  liuulnlili; 
iptiiij?  industrious  w\'\\- 
11  maij  (j/icin/s  rclji  on  the. 
vliat  avail  have  heeii  tlie 
of  JeiVerson? 
.mi>,M-Mtin>r  Intl'uuis,"  lias 
lil"  by  siekness  on  llit-ir 
er  the  liitif^iies  and  liiinl- 
uMiealh  the  waves  of  tlie 
wbamlsoii  the  way.iii\tr 
praves  of  their  cliililn  ii. 
nguishcd  and  died  litliue 
id ;  but  1  cuiinot  go  into 

in  the  Cherokee  nation. 
t,  observes,  that  "  wliercas 
I!  day  of  tribidatien  mid 
fwbeii  the  destiny  of  tliis 
\  l»y  the  v\'onte*l  de|)rii\ily 
jnd  niystenoiis  will  of  an 
|ind  (Jin-islian  eoinniunity. 
inced  as  an  ever-stmuling 
i,e  uetions  of  tlu-  In.liu.is 
Idgo  vvliifh  best  deserved 

liope  of  receiviiifi  justice 
Phu'nix  of  June,  ainonc; 
Jipe  which  Ceoriie  Wusli- 
l,e,iit»rial  of  Ids  warm  and 
les  ill  a  corner  ol  the  <'X- 
liiorc."  And  in  the  same 
I,  lis  follows : 
le  sei  down  in  figures.    It    , 

Let  us  estimate.  Vnm\ 
Lees  the  gold  region,  and 
klinost  one  hvnulred  miles 
[rner  of  Carroll  county,  is 

111  wilhlioO  eniipraling  lii'Ha"^. 
Li  and  M I  of  l\i»sc  niisewWe 
Irow.ied  iiilo  one  boatis  inmHl. 
L  vessel,    liwss  probably  hired 


CHAf.  XVI.] 


III.STORY  OF  THF.  CIinROKKKS. 


119 


one  rontiniied  bed  of  jfold.  The  wirlth  of  this  refrion  i;4  r>nt  yet  knuwn,  but 
gt  the  soiitliern  |)ai't  it  is  soiii('thin<r  like  thirty  miles  broad.  iMillion.s  of 
ildllars'  rt'oiih  of  ffidd  have  been  taken  here  by  tlioiisimds  of  i-itnulers." 

|,('l  the  ojtpi'essors  of  the  < 'lierok«'es  look  well  to  their  iiinlivrM  of  netion. 
\p'  they  igiioriint  of  the  nets  of  the  Spimiiinls  in  the  soiitji!''  or  iiri'  they 

iii'tin 

,.\eiise 

>|i'\irii 


U  upon  thi^  Kline  principles?     If  the  respective  cases  be  .nnilyyed,  thi 
|r)r  (Jeor>ria  is  not  half  as  jrood  as  tor  tin;  wholesale  iniirderers  of  thi 


IIS  and  I'eriiviaiiH;  for  there  caniiot  he  so  stroii;;  ii  motive  to  action  as 
vheii  the  a),'ent  is  actiiif,'  under  the  firm  I'cMiviction  that  he  is  execiiiinj;  the 
will  (if  (•oil.  It  was  a  dark  and  siiperstilions  iif^e  whi'ii  South  America  wiis 
,l,.v(il:ited.  The  Inilians  of  that  country  were  in  the  very  depths  of  a  bloody 
•iHtitinn  ;  inhumanly  sacrificing.' tlunisands  a  year  of  their  innocent  coiiniry- 
II  ill  their  religions  perliirmances,  imd  with  a  cruelty  that  ciiniiot  he  ima- 
lor  it  reipiired  at;es  to  tiiid  out  the  various  relined  moiles  in  which  to 
tise  their  diaboliiMil  executions.  They  even  shockrd  the  Spaniards,  who, 
lilt  all  end  to  them,  thoiijrht  themselves  jiistitied  in  destroyiii),'  those  who 
ti«<ed  them,     (iold  was,  at  first,   a  secondiirv  consideration.      Wliiif   li;is 


Sll| 
Mil' 
ciliei 
|irai' 


|irai 

(i  iia'ia  to  jilead  at  the  bar  of  liitnre  history  but  '-gold  r"  With  impriiieipled 
111,11  what  will  its  coiTii|>fiiiir  influence  not  do?  What  has  it  done  to  Spain  ? 
I'lic  poor  Cherokees  have  said,  "(Jeoriria,  beware  of  the  jiils  thine  avarice 
|i;is  Miade;"  echo  has  .•i-verberatrd  it  li'om  every  hill,  and  children  yet  iiuhorn 
will  hear  it  from  their  cradles  to  tlieir  irraves.  To  nil  whom  these  tiicts  sliiili 
iiHiii',  a  voice  will  speak  which  cannot  be  misunderstood.  No  traveller  shall 
iliiciil  the  li'rtile  valleys  of  the  iincient  Clieridve  s  vvithoiit  ti'elinj,'  deep 
iiiiiitiiins  of  .sorrow  in  his  breast,  that  he  had  not  lived  at  a  time  when  he 
III  have  rendered  that  oppressed  pcrple  assistance.  As  a  people,  we  have 
iir  duty  to  those   Indians.     Wliv  did  we  not  rise  to  a  man,  and 


full 


iinl  ildlie  o 


ciui.-i'  .1 


iistici!  to  be  done  them?     Where  is  the  honest  man  who  is  not 


lovv 


<nm  tiiat  he  had  not  done  it?    And  does  he  nut  say  he  icoiiW  do  it,  were  a 
like Vase  to  ari.se  iiirain  ? 

To  the  "('herokee  I'ho'iiix,"  the  first  newspaper  ever  published  by  Indians, 
we  have  heeii  considerably  indebted  for  many  valuable  it  ins  of  intelligcnco 
ill  this  |mrt  of  our  work ;  and  we  ;ij.'aiii  notice  it  for  tic  last  time,  in  all  prob- 
iiliiliiy;  liirasmiich  as  (ieoriria  has  laiil  her  lawless  hand  upon  it,  vvi-  can 
i'\|ieet  no  other.  In  October,  \f*'.i~i,  the  (ieoi-L'ia  ^'iiard  look  possi  ssion  of 
iliiit  newspaper  estalilislimeiit,  and  its  finllier  issue  suipped,  unh.'ss  it  \voi:!d 


li|MIO 


III  the  course  of  (iJeorpa  afrainst  the  Indians 


At  this  time  Mr.  John  Ross  lived  in  Teiiiiessee,  and  was  recoirni/ed  as  a 
oil/en  of  that  state.     Hut  fiir  .some  ciui.se  or  other,  that  "  j,'iiard,"  of  infamous 

iiie 
resilient' 


iiKiry,  then  tinder  tiie  comiiiiind  of  one  Capt.  hisliop.  pioceedi-d  to  the 
e  of  Mr.  Ross  on  the  7tli  of  November,  made  prisoiiiM"  of"  him,  seized 


ii|iiin  all  his  ))apers  iiikI  records  of  the  nation,  and  innndie>l  him  into  (ie()r<iia. 
)lr,  .loliii  II.  Paine,  of  New  York,  happeninir  to  be  then  at  the  resilience  of 
.Ml.  Ross,  was  treated  in  like  manner.  He  had  bi-en  enuajjed  in  the  laudable 
pursuit  of  material  tor  an  historical  work  on  the  Indians,  and  had  many 
papers  eoiitainiiig  memoranda  for  i  lat  'dijei^t,  of  irreat  value  to  himseltl  hut 


ol  none  whatever  to   others; 


tl 


lese  wiMN'   a 


so  seized.     Tliesci   iiidividiial-i 


linw  ver,  were  not  lon<r  detained,  but  they  got  no  redrifss  for  the  injury  and 
insult,  that  has  ever  come  to  my  knowledsie.  Where  the  "  inagiianimity  "  of 
(lenrKJii  was  now,  which  was  so  piomineiit  in  the  case  of  the  missionaries, 
ive  leave  to  the  determination  of  others. 

What,  then,  are  the  first  fr  its  of  (his  exjiatriation  of  the  Cherokees? 
Denilly  fends  among  them,  execiiti  ns  ami  murders.  These  liiivi?  but  brgim, 
and  how  or  where  ihey  will  end,  are  events  hidden  in  the  fiiliire.  It  is  well 
Iviinwii  that  the  principal  men  who  sold  their  country,  Major  Ridfrv,  his  son, 
l<h\  Rid<re,  Klias  Mondinot,*  and  others,  have  been  executed  in  pursuance 
of  the  laws  of  the  Cherokees,  f'>r  their  wickedness  in  violating  the  most  vital 
ol  their  rights  and  their  ecu. .stitiition.  Who  couhl  have  expected  any  thing 
dilHreiit  from  those  Indians?     They  bad  lieen  induced  to  form  a  code  of 

*  He,  il  is  believed,  is  the  same  who  was  cdnralcd  at  the  Missionary  sriiool  at  Coniwali,  in 
Coiiaeciicut,  and  who,  about  1823,  married  a  white  lady,  Harriet  R.  Gold,  of  that  village. 


•Il 


'-ill® 


■  ,  .  I;  .   ■  .  i  .  n'  ft 


il 

,.-i;l 


■r,.l:"6| 


I 


130  HISTORY  OF  TMF,  rHKROKf.RJ^.  [no^^  ,y 

laWH  rimny  y<'nrH  nj^o  hy  VViiHliiiiKton  niwl  .Irn't'ruoti,  nriil  to  live  nml). 
<)|)t>i'iili()ii  ol  tliut<(t  liiwH  until,  in  lH.'i(),  tlioy  \v«>n;  toicrd  to  aluindon  lii, 


till"  iiitrrl'cn'iict)  (if  (icorj/iii. 


til  l,y 


It  linil  Immmi  an  old  Htandinjr  law  anion^  tl'«' <'I"''*"I<«'*'n.  "h  well  hh  „„|,„|, 
tin- ( 'neks,  "tliat  if  any  pirnonH  or  |MTM>n  should  m-ll  any  lands  hv  tii 'iiv' 
williont  thr  aullioiity  of  tlic  nation,  they  nlionld  im  punislied  with  (Iciiir" 
In  IK{!»,  this  law  was  liroiiu'lit  up  in  their  icjrislatin-c,  and  conlirnicd  ns  tli,. 
law  lit' the  land.  John  Uid^'c  hiinscHhron^rht  it  tiirwiud,  and  I'.liiis  ItiMiiJin,,. 
I'diior  of  the  (Microkcii  l'h<nii\,  j»nhiishcd  it.  It  was  a  law  hcloic  jriii,, 
well'  known  lunonj;  tin;  Clu'rokrcs,  luid  was  first  |irinti'd,  w«(  hi  licvc,  la  Ihi'i 

llavinj,'  stM'ii  tin;  ("In-roki't's  driven  heyond  tho  Mississippi,  if  \vc  wuui  i 
pursue  their  history  w«'  must  li)llow  them  into  that  region ;  hut  a,'  hot  w 
fan  know  hut  iittlt^  ahont  their  idliiirs  now,  tho  intereourso  heiwec;!  tlii>iii 
and  intelli;;ent  white  men  liaviiii.',  from  their  remote  situation,  heconie  hmiv. 
(pieiit.  TowiirdH  the  close  of  tin;  year  IKW  the  husiness  ol'  eniiirratidn  ^.u 
eonipletcd,  and  this  was  no  sooner  ettieted  hut  the  white  inhahitanls  Imni  r 
in;,'  on  Arkansas  lH'j,'aii  to  express  j^reat  alarm,  lielievin;.'  tin?  hidiaiis  win. 
making'  preparations  to  spread  destrui-tion  amon^^  them.  Ihit  their  linrs 
were  witiiout  any  foimilation;  the  Clierokees  ha\in4r  litimd  enoufrli  tit  dn  li,,. 
s(!veral  months  to  prepare  shelters  fur  themselves  and  families.  Vet  niiiii|,<i 
their  hiisy  preparations  of  this  sort,  to  paeily  tln^ir  white  neijjhhors,  tlnv  ((pii. 
vened  the  nation  in  a  irreat  eoiuieil,  in  whieh  it  was  solemnly  profeistcil  il,;,, 
all  reports  whieh  had  i)een  eireuiated  of  their  hostile  intentions  towurdji  ili,. 
uhites  were  without  foimdation,  and  utterly  false. 

The  next  matter  of  moment  took  |)lae(!  in  June  of  last  year,  1K}!».  'I'liis 
was  no  less  than  the  nnirder  of  tiio  |)rineipal  men  of  tho  Hidfje,  or  tmm 
party.  Of  the  parties  into  whieh  the  Clierokees  were  divideil  an  nri'dimi 
lias  heen  f^iven.  it  appears  that  from  the  time  tli(f  Uidf;es,  father  ami  hhi, 
and  thrir  (ollowers  exeeiited  the  tn .  *y  of  New  Keliota  witli  Selieriiii'ilKiin' 
their  lives  wire  titrfeited  in  the  iimikIs  of  a  eertain  part  ot"  the  nation,  ami 
lliey  only  waited  a  fiivorahle  tinu'  to  put  their  resolution  in  exeeiitioii.  It  i< 
not  our  intention  to  Jiistily  tlio  executions  of  which  we  are  now  to  frivc  ;i 
narration,  liir  he  it  remcmlienMJ,  that  we  protest  against  takiin;  liiiiniin  Ijil' 
under  any  circumstances  whatever,  and  firmly  lielieve  that  a  coiiiiiiiinit\  i. 
vastly  more  injured  than  heiiefitcd  hy  lh<i  practice  of  that  law  of  it tiilintiiii; 
murder  with  murder. 

It  is  matter  of  historical  record,  that  the  Uidgcs  IJoiidinot,  Hell,  Roirers. 
and  others,  who  signed  the  treaty  of  Decemher,  IHJW,  very  suddenly  cliiiiiirid 
their  minds  in  respect  to  xhv  policy  of  n^niovai.  They  were  as  forwnid  ns 
Mr.  Ross,  or  any  of  that  Jiarty,  in  protesting  against  the  acts  of  (ieorfjia,  iiml 
j;s  much  opposed  to  making  any  treaty  of  sale  of  their  country,  up  to  tlic 
time  of  a  certain  mission  of  Schermerhorn,  as  any  of  the  nation.  Tlicrclmv 
it  is  not  strange  that  the  Ross  |)arty  were  surprised  at  their  suddenly  ("omin:' 
out  and  advocating  an  ojiposite  course.  They  were  immediately  acciisd  m 
brihery  and  corruption,  ami  whether  true  or  not,  the  jiarty  that  leniaiiin! 
firm,  lielieved  them  guilty;  and  the  most  we  can  say  concerning  tlicircmi 
ducr  is,  there  were  strong  grounds  of  suspicion  against  them. 

Our  information  of  the  massacre  of  Ridge  and  others  is  very  iiKJimt. 
though  circumstantial,  and  is  as  follows :  VVIien  it  became  known  to  Ros* 
that  the  lives  of  certain  chiefs  were  to  be  taken,  he  used  all  the  means  at  his 
command  to  jirevent  it.  But  a  pirty  collected,  and  on  Saturday,  the '.J'ido' 
•Time,  the  executioners,  to  the  number  of  about  forty,  went  to  the  house  d 
John  Ridge  early  in  the  morning,  before  he  was  up,  and  took  him  lioin  lii> 
bed,  and  murdered  liim  in  a  manner  too  savage  to  relate;  treating  his  iit'el  ss 
body  with  all  the  indignity  of  ancient  barbarians.  They  next  proccrdnl  in 
pursuit  of  IVlajor  Ridge,  his  father,  who  had  the  day  before  set  out  to  visit 
some  friends  in  Van  Biiren,  Arkansas.  He  was  overtaken  near  the  fool  ni 
Boston  Mountain,  about  •'?.'>  miles  from  his  place  of  destination,  and  there  shot 
from  his  horse,  and  died  without  hardly  knowing  why  he  had  heen  tliiis 
savaij'ely  dealt  with.  Thus  fell  Major  Ridge  in  the  sixty-fifth  year  of  his  age. 
and  his  son  at  the  age  of  thirty-seven.  Of  the  circumstances  of  the  death 
of  Boudinot,  Col.  Bell,  and  two  or  three  others,  we  are  not  informed. 


s. 


[Rom  IV 


Wir.  XVII.l 


SEMINOLK  WAR. 


121 


niiil  to  livo  iinilcr  tim 
«<(t  to  itltniuluti  t'litm  |)y 

ikt't'H,  nH  Well  iiB  niiKini! 
ell  imy  laiidH  liy  ticniy, 
|»imi>*lit'(l  with  iliaili," 
>,  iiiitl  ruiitiniK'il  lis  till' 
11(1,  mi<l  KliiiK  HiMidiiiiit. 
MH  II  law  iM't'iirc  Iciici-. 
itt'd,  \v<!  IwIh'vc,  ill  Ih'iii. 
kliKsiHHii)|>i,  if  wv  wniilil 
t  r(!j{ioii ;  lint  ii;  lust  wi 
;cr(roiiiv<!  Ix'twt'c;;  tlinn 
Hitimtioii,  liiM'oiiH'  uiiiiv. 
!4iiirsH  ol'  ('iiiiuratiiiii  \v;i> 
vliit(!  iiiliitltitaiits  iionl^r. 
licviiif.'  tl"'  Imliniis  wiiv 
;  tlu'iii.     Hilt  tiifir  linrs 
jr  I'liiind  fiioiiffii  to  lid  1(11' 
lid  Camilit's.     Yot  iiiniiU 
■liito  iu'ij,'ld)()i>t,  tlicy  ctiii. 
<  solt'iimly  jirotcstt  il  ilm! 
ilo  intfiitioiis  towuids  ihi' 

.  of  lnHt  yonr,  IKV.).    'Hi.. 
n  of  tlie  Uidjjf,  or  ticniy 
were  divid<'<l  ati  iicriMiin 
[)  Uidf;<!H,  father  and  sun, 
•liotii  witli  SchcrmcrlKini, 
n  |)arl  of  tin;  nation,  iiml 
idiitioii  ill  cxccntioii.    It  i< 
icli  w(;  art!  now  to  ^iw  n 
agaiii!<t  takiiiii  htiniiin  lit'i' 
lievo  that  a  coiniiiuiiitj  i- 
;  of  tliat  hiw  of  It tarmliu;: 

3,  Boiidiiiot,  Btdl,  Ro;;(is. 

>:?5,  very  sudtleiily  rliiiii!!i'ii 

Tlicy  wcro  as  forwiud  us 

ist  tht3  acts  of  (it'orfjia,  iiml 

[if  thtiir  ctitintry,  tip  to  the 

of  tlic  nation.    ThiTt'loiv 

,1  at  tlieir  siiddcidy  coinii.: 

re  iininediatcly  accused  o; 

t,  the  party  that  rt'iimmnl 

say  concerning  tiieir  con- 

.(liiist  them. 

lul  others  is  very  nuliroci, 
it  became  known  to  U"s< 
le  used  all  the  means  at  lii^ 
iid  on  Saturday,  tiie'Wio' 
forty,  went  to  tlic  hoiisci 
up,  and  took  him  from  lib 
ndnte ;  trt^ating  liis  Ijtej  >' 
Tiiey  next  prococtloil  m 
dav  before  set  out  to  visit 
overtaken  near  the  lootoi 
f  destination,  and  there  s  101 

,,„r  why  he  had  been  tlms 
lo^sixty-fifthyearoflnsn.^ 

Vircmiistances  ol  the  death 

re  are  not  informed. 


Mnjor  Hitipe  onco  pxenitnd  a  chief  for  nn  net  of  miidi  more  doubtful 
,ir<iciiy  than  that  for  which  hti  n«)W  fi^ll.  In  IH(M!,  tht^  noted  t)rator  Doihi.f.- 
„(:ai>  was  charged,  with  tithiTS,  with  the  important  iiiisintiss  of  nmkiiig  n 
trcMtv,  at  'rellicii,  with  the  I'liited  States,  for  u  tract  of  laiiil  to  accoiiiniodute 
ll,(>  mat  of  government  of  'I'ennesst-e,  and  lor  "the  tirst  island  in  the  'I'eu- 
„,.sst'i',  above  thi!  month  of('linch."  In  this  business,  ('liiKpiaciittagiie,  or 
DiiiililelicHtt,  was  cliargeil  with  brilH'ry;  yet  nothing  was  done  about  it  by 
till'  iiMtion,  and  lit;  went  impimishetl ;  liut  in  IHI7  \i*'  was  again  gniltv,  and 
nns  foilowetl  by  IMajor  Kidge  and  othtM-s,  anti  in  the  tavern  of  one  IVrintosh, 
ill  tlie  evening,  was  tiilleii  upon  and  shot  by  the  hand  of  Kidgi;.  Ili;  escapeij 
with  a  desperate  wound,  and  was  for  a  short  time  S(!cret(!d  in  a  ntughboring 
ilwi'lling,  Ixit  l>>>^  pursuers  ft>imd  hiiii,  and  an  Indian  named  Samiders,  one  of 
Kiiiirc's  company,  sunk  his  tomahawk  into  his  ht.-ati,  which  tinished  the  exe- 
ciiliiiii.  'riiis  was  near  the  agtuicy  in  (Jalhoun.  Doiiblehead  hatl  himself 
killt'd  a  man  in  his  way  thither,  for  charging  him  with  the  crimt;  lor  which 
III'  HiifU'ieil.  'I'his  execution  is  iiientit)iied  to  show  that  llidge  was  well 
anuru  that  ho  liud  Ibrll'ited  liit)  iifu  by  what  ho  had  doiio  at  Now  Echota. 


9tt0e 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

The  Sr.MiNoi.F.  VVau  Rksumed — Farther  acrount  of  the  muses  of  the  war — JVV 
mtroiis  cases  of  jfross  imposition — Had  rondac.t  of  frorernmrnt  ojfirr.rs — /i  new 
Irailij of  rnnoval  urired — W  deputation  visits  the  west — Their  report — .Inother  treaty 
—^pttflies  of  the  chiefs — Examination  of  the  policy  of  the  irocernment,  relatire  to 
a  rrmoeal  of  the  Indians — Chnrncter  oj  borderers — Heview  of  the  mtiiiner  treaties 
ofsiilc  were  procured — The  president  angry  at  the  Indians'  presumption — liarharous 
ireatmcat  of  three  Mickasaukics. 

"  liCt  tliem  come  with  tho  pipn  ;  wo  will  trnad  it  to  ilunt. 
Anil  our  arrows  of  war  sliiill  no'or  muulilt'r  willi  runt ; 
Jii't  tlii'iii  roitiii  with  their  liimtii  ;  ti)  tlin  ilt'DCit  we'll  ili'U, 
And  the  (Iruiiglit  uiiil  the  ruiniiie  uur  helpum  hIiuII  he." — I'iKi:, 

The  events  of  tiio  Seminole  war  have  nstonishetl  all  to  whom  the  knowl- 
edge of  them  has  extended.  Antl  the  astonishment  has  been  as  varied  as 
the  wilds  of  Florida  are  represented,  by  those  whoso  niisfortime  it  has  been 
lo  serve  there  against  their  fellow-men.  As  this  wa"*  progressed,  we  wrote 
diiwii  its  events  in  detail,  as  wo  have  long  been  wont  to  do  of  all  occurrences 
relating  to  tlie  Indians,  btit  from  the  conflicting  statements,  purporting  to  bo 
IriiMi  the  tiieatre  of  their  cnactnient,  great  ditticulty  was  experienced  in 
arriving  at  liicts  and  dates. 

.Nobody  could  have  been  much  surprised  that  a  war  in  Florida  shotild 
break  out,  if  they  were  at  all  acquainted  with  the  circumstances  which  catised 
ii,  nor  could  they  have  been  nuich  surprised,  that  a  hundred  men  in  the  midst 
ot'tlie  hidiim  country  should  have  been  beset  and  slain,  leaving  none  to  carry 
the  tidings  of  such  disaster.  Otir  only  stirprisc  is,  that  the  work  had  not 
ken  done  in  a  more  savage  manner;  that  eveti  one  could  escape  by  feigning 
death;  and  that  a  monument  only  of  ashes  of  the  slain  had  not  marked  the 
pLiec  where  they  fell.     These  things  astosiish  us,  not  the  war  itselfl 

We  hatl  supposed,  like  every  body  else,  that  there  could  be  but  a  single 
campaign,  when  it  was  known  that  the  Indians  had  resisted  in  good  earnest ; 
ami  when  we  consider  the  power  of  tho  United  States  set  against  a  single 
corner  of  a  territory  surrounded  with  every  advantage  for  warlike  operations, 
we  eould  form  no  other  conclusion  but  that  the  poor  Indians  woultl  be 
crushed  almost  at  a  single  blow;  and  it  was  not  until  two  distinguished 
gi-neials  iiad  shown  that  the  Seminole  was  not  to  be  despised,  that  the  war 
with  him  became  matter  of  serious  consideration  at  the  seat  of  government. 
But  of  these  nflTairs  we  have  already  said  as  much  as  was  necessary. 

In  bringing  down  the  events  of  this  war  to  its  conclusion,  circtimstances 
make  it  necessary  to  detail  some  affairs  from  the  beginning  of  it,  which  we 


■/  l-tl"  v'^- 


'-Jv- 


•v-:i: 


f  V 


■T  •:-f,i>8,:'riij 


■nMrn 


■?  *■• 


' 


.1    •:;!;i,  '.•/■? '"' 


.    t;.a 


122 


SEMINOLE  WAR.— NO  LAW  FOR  INDIANS. 


[Book  IV. 


have  not  noticed;  Iiutring  closed  our  account  in  the  summer  of  18.%,  nianv 
facts  oud  locuinents  have  since  come  to  hand  wliich  could  not  tlieii  [^ 
known,  and  which  throw  much  new  light  on  the  subject,  as  well  as  furnish 
much  new  and  im|)ortani  i;  .Iter.* 

Of  the  origin  of  the  late  Seminole  war,  such  facts  only  have  been  given  aa 
were  known  to  the  writer  at  tlie  earliest  i»eriod  of  it.  We  have  now  uddi- 
tionul  sources  laid  open,  and  shall  proceed,  in  the  next  place,  to  draw  from 
them. 

It  would  be  tedious  to  relate,  and  irksome  to  read,  the  half  of  what  niic.'u 
be  gatliered  of  the  robberies  and  enormities  counnitted  by  infiimous  white 
villains  in  Indian  borders  and  it  is  equally  insufferable  to  read  of  the  niuniiur 
that  JUSTICE  is  there  trodden  under  foot  by  bodies  bearing  the  name  of  court. 
Law  is  all  on  the  side  of  the  white  man,  and  consequently  justice  is  no 
dweller  in  such  bodies.  Indiana  cannot  testify  in  cases  to  which  they  are  a 
party,  and  they  are  obliged  w  submit  to  whatever  decision  their  learned 
guardians  pronounce.f 

One  CoL  Humphre^fs  wu^■  for  some  time  Indian  agent  in  Florida.  In  con- 
sequence of  this  mati's  vociferous  avotval  of  tlie  right  of  territorial  jurisdic- 
tion  over  the  Indians,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legislative  council  of 
Florida.  Thus  unich  for  urging,  that  negro  claims  should  be  settled  in  tiic 
territoiy,  instead  of  their  being  referred  to  the  decision  of  the  government  of 
the  United  States.  Now  such  suits  could  be  disposed  of  wit!i  perfect  ease 
because  no  Indian  could  have  a  hearing  except  against  his  otcn  people.  Some 
notorious  .scoundrel  had  sold  negroes  to  Col.  Humphreys,  which  belonged  to 
a  Seminole  woman  named  CiUekeeckowa.  He  bought  them  after  application 
had  been  made  to  him  as  agent,  by  their  owner,  for  their  recovery,  of  tliut 
very  villain !  Nevertheless,  he  promised  to  exert  himself  for  their  restoration. 
He  afterwards  said  he  bought  them  to  prevent  their  being  sent  to  Charleston. 
Some  of  the  negroes  that  were  young  when  the  transfer  took  place,  havin" 
grown  old  enAugh  to  be  made  to  understand  the  nature  of  the  case,  went 
back  vohmtarily  to  their  real  mistress ;  and  the  double-dealer  Humphreys  liad 
tlie  audacity  to  apply  to  agent  Thompson  for  his  interference  that  he  niifht 
have  them  again.  Thompson  had  independence  and  honesty  enough  not  to 
comply,  the  facts  being  so  strong  in  favor  of  Culekceckoiva^  but  referred  Hum- 
phreys,  together  with  the  facts  in  the  case,  to  the  decision  of  gover  .inent. 

Anotiier  man  was  employed  by  a  certain  Indian  woman  lor  the  rccoverj 
of  negroes.  She  gave  him,  as  he  told  her,  a  power  of  attorney  for  that  ])iir- 
pose.  She  soon  found  that,  instead  of  a  power  of  attorney,  she  had  given 
him  a  bill  of  sale  of  all  her  negroes !!!!!!! 

On  another  occasion,  the  chief  Micanopy  requested  an  individual  to  draw  a 
form  «f  writing  for  him,  which  soon  after  proved  to  be  a  conveyance  of  a 
valuable  tract  of  laud  ! 

A  black,  named  Abraham,  who  has  figured  largely  in  the  war,  was  l)a.«ieiy 
robbed  by  one  of  the  white  border  fraternity.  The  fellow  owed  Ahralmm  a 
large  amount  of  money,  got  his  receipt  for  it  under  pretence  that  it  was  a 
certificate  that  he  owed  him,  which  it  was  necessary  should  be  sent  to  Wasii- 
ington  before  he  could  pay  him  !  These  ai-e  a  few  of  the  abominations  daily 
practised  by  individuals  ;  and  we  shall  now  pass  to  others,  in  vvhicli  the  gov- 
ernment itself  becomes  implicated. 

We  have  spoken  plaiidy  of  the  treaty  of  Paine's  Landing,  in  the  early  part 
of  our  history  of  this  wtr  ;  but  as  new  fiicts  have  since  come  to  our  knowl- 
edge, it  will  be  uecessaiy  to  extend  the  examination  here.     It  must  be  re- 


*  There  were  published  in  tlie  year  18.%  three  histories  of  the  Florida  war.  'i"he  first  vas 
by  Mr.  Cohen,  liie  second  by  a  late  "  staft'  oHice-,"  and  the  third  by  •'  a  lieutenant  of  llie  Icll 
win;;."  All  three  of  them  seem  to  be  very  v  li  done,  but  that  by  Mr.  W.  Poller,  ("alale 
start'  oflirer,")  if  I  mistake  not  the  f^entleinan,  is  far  the  most  valuable  to  the  historian.  To 
these  works  i  Rhidly  recur,  and  tender  here  the  authors  my  acknowledgments  for  the  use  I 
have  made  of  the  facts  contained  in  their  paafes.  Ncnc  oC  ilieni  had  appeared  when  my  work 
was  published,  and  hence  I  could  not  prolit  by  them  in  my  previous  editions.  But  for  these 
last  live  years  of  the  war  I  have  had  to  gather  my  materials  from  the  ''  thousand  and  one'' 
reports  of  the  day. 

t  Since  writing  the  above,  I  have  read  Gen.  Thompson's  speech  to  the  Indians  at  a  council 
ia  Oct.  1834,  in  which  he  plainly  holds  the  same  language  to  them. 


ANS. 


[Book  IV. 


iramer  of  183G,  many 
h  could  not  then  be 
BCt,  as  well  as  furnish 

[ily  have  been  given  as 

We  have  now  adili- 

rt  place,  to  draw  from 

he  half  of  what  might 
ted  by  infamous  wliite 
B  to  read  of  the  manner 
ring  the  name  of  court. 
iequently  justice  is  no 
les  to  which  they  are  a 
decision  their  /earned 

nt  in  Florida.    In  con- 
t  of  territorial  jurisdic- 
le  legislative  council  uf 
should  be  settled  in  tlie 
m  of  the  goveriunent  of 
sd  of  wi^l:  perfect  ease, 
st  his  oivn  people.    Some 
ireys,  which  belonfred  to 
t  them  after  api)lication 
r  their  recovery,  of  that 
iself  for  their  restoration. 
I)eing  sent  to  Charleston. 
msfer  took  place,  havini; 
nature  of  the  case,  went 
)le-dealer  Humphreys  liad 
terfercnce  that  lie  niiudit 
Ul  honesty  enough  not  to 
ckoioa,  but  referred  Huni- 
ision  of  government. 

woman  for  the  recover) 
■  of  attorney  for  that  pnr- 

attorney,  she  had  given 

d  an  individual  to  draw  a 
to  be  a  conveyance  of  a 

ly  in  the  war,  was  bai^cly 
1  fellow  owed  Abraham  a 
kt  pretence  that  it  was  a 
■  should  be  sent  to  Wasli- 
pf  the  abominations  daily 
[others,  in  which  the  gov- 

.anding,  in  the  early  part 
Lince  come  to  our  knowl- 
lon  here.    It  must  be  re- 

Ihe  Florida  war.  The  first  ws 
lird  1)V  ■'  a  lieiilcimnl  ot  the  letl 
lat  l.yMr.  W.  Pottcr.C'ali-ie 
I  valuable  to  the  historian,  lo 
lackiKiwIcdfrments  for  the  use  1 
In  had  api.eared  when  my  "orlc 
ievious  c cl,.i...s.  But  for  ttee 
Jrom  the  "  thousand  and  one 

leech  to  the  Indians  at  a  council 
pem. 


CHiP.  XVII.] 


A   NEW  TREATY. 


1^ 


membered  that  by  the  treaty  of  Camp  Moultrie,  (18  Septeinl)er,  1823,)  the 
Seniiuoles  had  secured  to  them  an  annuity  of  $.5,000  for  20  years,  and  they 
were  to  remove  witliin  certain  Ijotmdaries  described  by  the  treaty,  emlirncing 
a  tract  of  land  of  near  5,000,000  acres.  No  sooner  had  they  removed  within 
tliif  tract,  than  white  men  intruded  themselves  among  them,  and  committed 
violence  on  tlie  persons  of  several  Indians.  Nor  is  tills  an  Indian  story ; — it 
was  so  represented  by  the  agent  to  Gov.  Duval,  and  without  the  least  reason 
for  the  outrage.  Wiiat  was  done  ?  Why,  the  agent  said  he  had  left  a  notice 
^vitli  a  magistrate  to  have  tiie  offenders  loamed  off  of  the  reservation  in  one  day 
from  the  time  the  notice  should  be  served.  Thus,  instead  of  seizing  at  once 
upon  the  villains,  and  bringing  them  to  justice,  they  are  mildly  ordered  off  of 
Ik  Indians^  lands  in  one  day !  What  right  had  such  depredators  to  any  better 
treatment  than  is  afforded  by  the  tomahawk  and  scalping-knite  ?  Yet  we  hear 
of  no  retaliation  by  the  Indians.  They  had  no  newspapers  in  which  to  circu- 
late accounts  of  their  wrongs  and  sufferings; — these  are  the  magnifying  glasses 
of  tlie  bad  white  men. 

At  the  same  ti^ne,  petition  after  petition  was  got  up  among  the  white  in- 
iiabitants  of  Florida,  and  sent  in  to  the  president  of  the  United  States,  setting 
forth  the  wrongs  ,hey  wer^  daily  suffering  from  the  Indians  in  various  sliaj)es, 
and  urging  an  earlier  removal  than  the  former  treaty  sjiecified.  We  do  not 
presume  but  that  Indians  <li<l  sometimes  infringe  upon  their  white  neighbors, 
and  were  often  found  hunting  and  fishing  beyond  the  line  of  the  treaty.  This 
if  not  denied;  and  the  affair  at  Hogtown'in  Alachua  cotinty,  already  men- 
tioned, is  an  instance.  Whether  these  petitions  began  to  flow  in  before  Gen. 
hckson  was  president,  we  are  not  informed ;  but  if  they  did.  President  Jidams 
knew  what  to  do  with  them.  Be  that  as  it  may,  the  late  [iresident  had  not 
been  long  in  the  <;hair  of  state,  when  he  made  known  his  willingness  that  an- 
other arrangement  might  be  made  with  the  Indians,  and  appointed  Col.  Gads- 
dm  to  confer  with  them,  to  see  what  could  be  done.  It  happened  that  this 
was  the  most  favorable  time  that  could  have  been  f  xed  upon,  namely,  the 
spring  of  1S32,  for  such  conference,  because  the  crops  of  the  Indians  had  been 
cut  oil",  and  tiiey  were  in  a  state  bordering  uj)on  starvation ;  hence  they  were 
ready  to  hear  any  propositions  which  promised  them  immediate  relief!  Col. 
Gndsden  visited  Micarwpy,  and  on  the  8  April  had  an  interview  with  him,  in 
which  little  difficulty  was  experienced  in  persuading  him  that  his  condition, 
as  well  as  that  of  his  people,  would  be  greatly  improved  by  a  removal  to  the 
fmitful  west.  Micanopy  said,  however,  that  he  would  defer  treating  at  that 
time,  as  his  men  were  dispersed  upon  their  yearly  hunting  tours,  and  many 
of  them  150  or  200  miles  off;  but  that  he  would  collect  them  as  soon  as  he 
could,  and  then  they  wotdd  consider  the  matter  together,  for  he  wished  them 
all  to  hear  what  their  fiither,  the  president,  had  to  say  to  them.  Accordingly, 
the  8  iMay  following  was  fixed  upon  for  the  day  of  council,  and  Paine's  Land- 
ins;  the  phice  of  the  meeting. 

Agreeably  to  arrangement,  the  parties  met  on  the  8  of  May,  1832,  and  on 
the  Ibllowing  day,  a  treaty  was  signed  by  such  chiefs  and  head  men  as  were 
assend)led,  to  tiie  number  of  fifteen.  Of  the  small  ninnber  of  chiefs  who  ex- 
ecuted this  great  treaty,  we  have  before  remarked,  and  we  have  also  noted  its 
chief  conditionsi.  It  is  said  that  the  agent  had  much  difficulty  in  bringing  the 
Indians  to  any  trrms,  touching  a  removal ;  and  they  finally  signed  only  a  con- 
ditional treaty,  oue  of  the  chief  articles  of  which  8tii»ulated  that  a  dejMitation 
of  some  competent  chiefs  of  their  own  should  visit  the  proposed  country  to 
which  they  were  to  remove,  and  if,  when  they  returned,  and  rei)orted  the  re- 
sult of  their  observations  to  the  nation,  it  should  then  be  thought  advisable, 
they  would  remove  fmm  Florida.  The  chiefs  sent  out  uj)on  this  important 
embassy,  were  seven  in  number,  and  their  names  were  as  follows:  .Jonjf 
Hicks,  representing  Sam  Jones,  (Apiaca,  Abica,  Arpiucki,  &c.);  .Iumpf.r,  who 
hlVrwards  fought  in  the  bloody  battle  nt  Okeechubee  Luk<?,  in  which  13!>  whitea 
were  hilled  and  womided;  Nehauthulo,  representing  Black  Dirt;  Hoi.ata 
Emathla,  CoA  IIadjo,  (Alligator);  Charles  Emathla,  YA-IfA-H\D.io.  (Mad 
Wolf);  and  Abraham,  a  negro,  who  accompanied  the  deimtatiou  as  inter- 
preter. 
VVliat  means  were  taken  to  cause  these  chiefs  or  agents  to  express  their 


+?  Ill 


* 


f- 
f 

hi 


124 


SEMINOLE  WAR.— DECEPTIVE  OBLIGATION.  [Boor  jy 


entire  approoation  of  the  country  they  liad  examined,  1  will  not  nndeitake  to 
gay,  but  certain  it  is  tliey  did  sign  a  writing,  in  wliicli  they  say,  "We,  tlii;  m,. 
dersigned,  Seminole  chiefs,  express  ourselves  well  satisfied  with  the  rountn' 
examined  by  us,  and  we  do  agree  to  remove  as  soon  as  go,onini<iit  will 
make  the  necessary  arrangements,"  &c.  How  much  tliey  really  uiidtrstciid 
of  this  writing,  belbre  they  signed  it,  is  pretty  clearly  shown  by  wluit  tlicv 
themselves  say  to  agent  Thomnson,  when  called  upon  to  fidfil  their  ei)j:!iir,.. 
ment  to  remove;  and  from  the  same  source  it  will  be  likewise  seeiUiow 
mudi  they  understood  of  the  treaty  of  Moultrie  Creek.  All  tliut  con  now  W 
said  is,  that  if  they  understood  what  they  were  signing,  when  they  expiesscd 
their  satisfaction  with  the  counti-y  to  which  the  nation  was  to  remove,  tin  v 
entirely  transcended  the  powers  delegated  to  them  by  their  countrymen.' 

Although  it  cannot  be  denied,  that  at  Paine's  Landing  a  treaty  was  mado 
which  stipulated  that  all  the  Seminoles  should,  in  three  years  therealtLi-  lo^ 
move  from  the  country,  under  certain  conditions,  yet  it  is  well  known  tlmt 
it  was  with  very  great  difficulty  that  the  chiefs  could  be  persuaded  to  execute 
it,  even  under  its  expressed  contingencies.  On  this  matter,  we  will  heur  tlip 
United  States  commissioner.  Col.  Gadsden,  who  j)rocured  the  treaty  to  be  ex 
ecuted.  In  his  communication  to  the  secretary  of  war,  he  says,  "Tlieie  is  a 
condition  prefixed  to  the  agreement,  without  assenting  to  which,  tiie  Florida 
Indians  most  positively  refused  to  negotiate  for  their  removal  west  of  the  Jlis- 
sissippi.  Even  with"  the  condition  annexed,  there  was  a  reluctance,  (wlijcji 
with  some  difficulty  was  overcome,)  on  the  part  of  the  Indians,  to  bind  tliem. 
selves  by  any  stipulations,  before  a  knowledge  of  facts  and  circuinstanccs 
would  enable  them  to  judge  of  the  advantages  or  disadvantages  of  the  dispo- 
sition the  government  of  the  United  States  wished  to  make  of  them.  Tliey 
were  finally  induced,  however,  to  assent  to  the  agreement."  By  "aineenieiit" 
does  Col.  Gadsden  refer  to  the  treaty  itself,  or  to  a  sejjarate  writing,  forwarded 
to  the  war  officp  with  the  treaty  ? 

We  have  questioned  the  manner  by  which  the  Lidian  commissioners'  sig- 
natures  were  obtahied  to  a  certain  certificate,  acknowledging  their  satisfiiction 
of  the  country  west  of  the  Mississippi.  By  another  writing,  they  have  i)een 
made  to  express  approbation  ofj  and  even  affection  for,  Maj.  Phagan,  one  of 
the  government  agents  who  accompanied  them  on  that  journey.  It  siiali 
now  be  shown  that  these  papers  speak  a  very  different  language  from  tliat 
spoken  by  the  cliiefs  before  their  accusers,  in  open  council,  afterwards.  The 
council  here  alluded  to,  was  held  at  the  Seminole  agency,  immediately  alter 
the  ratification  of  the  treaty  of  Paine's  Landing  by  the  United  States  goveni- 
ment,  viz.,  in  October,  1834.*  It  was  opened  by  Gen.  Thompson,  in  w  lioi-e 
speech  we  find  these  words :  "  You  alone  have  the  right  to  decide  whether  i/ou 
will  accept  the  invitation^  or  not ;  it  is  left,  as  it  should  be,  entirely  optional  with 
you,  and  no  person  but  yoitvselves  has  any  right  to  say  you  shall  or  shall  ml  ac- 
cede to  the  proposition."  Tiius  it  is  evident  that,  although  the  chiefs  had  ex- 
pressed  their  approbation  of  tlie  cotmtry,  a  matter  of  much  greater  inoineut 
had  been  left  open  to  negotiation.    We  will  now  hear  the  chiefs : — 

MicANOPi  rose  and  said,  "When  we|  were  at  Camp  Moultrie,  we  made  a 
treaty ;  and  we  were  to  be  paid  our  annuity  for  twenty  years.  This  is  all  1 
have  to  say." 

Jumper,  since  so  celebrated  in  the  war,  and  a  leader  in,  it  is  said,  the  mas- 
sacre at  F'ort  Mimms,  next  spoke:  "At  Camp  Moultrie  we  were  told  that  all 
difficulties  should  be  buried  for  20  years,  fron»  the  date  of  the  treaty  then  and 


*  By  the  usnees  of  civilized  nations,  the  Indians  were  under  no  oldigalion  to  ahl.lo  In  ilio 
treaty  of  Paine's  Landing,  for  it  was  two  years  after  it  was  roiicluded  hcforc  roiigress  riililifil 
it ;  and  all  treaties  viust  be  ratified  in  a  reasonable  time — but  any  time  witst  answer  iii 
Indians. 

t  The  Creeks,  already  removed  to  the  west,  had  invited  the  Seminoles  to  scllle  amnn» 
Ihcm  promiscuously ;  and  it  seems  the  chiefs  hiid  given  encouragement  that  they  would,  whtn 
all  the  neighboring  Indians  had  made  peace  with  U.cm.  It  will  be  necessary  that  this  lad 
be  borne  in  mind  by  the  reader. 

\  He  was  among  the  signers  of  that  treaty.  I  have  omitted  to  mention  earlier,  tliai  Mi- 
canopy  is  grandson  to  the  distinguished  Kino  Painc,  and  that  his  father's  name  was  St 

COFF££. 


'r  no  oliligntion  to  al)i>lo  ly  tie 
.nrliulcd  hcforc  roiigross  nilitifil 
but  any  time  must  answer  kit 

the  Scmiimlcs  to  sclile  amnn; 
raKein.Mitllmltlie.VWi'»''..«.'^'» 
ill  be  necessary  that  this  taci 

itcd  to  mnilion  cnrlicr,  lliat  Mi- 
thai  Ills  talliur's  name  was  Sh- 


CBAP.  XVII.] 


SPEECHES  OF  CHIEFS. 


125 


there  made.  Before  the  20  years  were'  out,  we  made  a  treaty  at  Paine's  Land- 
ing. We  were  told  we  might  go  and  see  tlie  land,  but  tliat  we  were  not 
obliged  to  remove.  Wlien  \ve  saw  tlie  coimtry,  we  Siiid  nothing,  l)nt  the 
,vliiteH  tiiat  went  ^*'itll  us  made  i«  siffti  oicr  hands  to  a  paper,  wiiich  you  now 
fail  sijrniried  our  consent  to  remove ;  hut  we  thought  tiie  pajter  said  only  tiiat 
III  liked  the  land,  ami  when  we  returned,  our  nation  woidd  decidt  upo;? 
ronioval.  We  had  no  authority  to  do  more.  My  j)eoplo  cannot  say  they  will 
m).  We  are  not  willing  to  go.  If  their  tongues  say  yes,  tiieir  hearts  cry  no, 
(\ii(i  cull  them  liars.  The  country  to  which  you  invite  us  is  surroiuidcd  by 
Inistile  neighltors,  and  although  it  may  produce  good  fruit,  the  fruit  of  a  had 
iiciffiiborliood  is  blood,  that  spoils  the  land,  and  a  lire  that  dries  u[)  the  brooks. 
Wlieii  in  the  west  I  said  to  the  agent,  '  You  say  the  Seminoles  arc  rogues,  but 
voii  wish  to  bring  us  among  tvorsc  rogues,  that  we  may  be  destroyed  by  tliein.' 
i)i(|tlicy  not  steal  our  horses,  and  were  not  some  of  us  obliged  to  return  with 
our  jmcks  upon  our  own  backs  ?  " 

Charles  Emathla  was  no  friend  to  a  removal  at  this  time,  but  sid)se- 
qiipntiy  consented  to  go,  and  having,  with  three  daughters,  gone  to  Camp 
Kiiijr,  about  the  26  Novendier,  18;J5,  to  make  arrangements  lor  bri-iging  in 
Ms  cattle,  on  his  rettn-n  was  set  upon  and  shot  down  in  the  way,  a  little  in 
advance  of  his  daughters.  Nine  balls  were  found  in  him,  and  if  is  said  the 
deed  was  done  by  Osceola  and  some  others  of  the  Mickasauky  tribe*  He 
ii|H)ke  a.s  follows:  "Oiu-  old  speaker  was  Hicks.\  He  is  dead,  but  I  have  not 
f(ir;.'otteii  his  words.  I  was  not  at  the  treaty  of  Moultrie  Creek.  It  was  not 
iniuie  by  children.  Great  men  made  it,  and  it  is  sacred.  By  it  we  were  to 
rcit'ive  the  annuity  for  20  years, J  and  to  enjoy  the  lands  therein  detined. 
Tlic  time  has  not  expired ;  when  it  docs,  it  is  time  enough  to  make  a  new  bar- 
miii.  Oiu'  tiither  has  ollen  said  to  me  that  he  loves  his  children — they  love 
him.  Wlien  a  man  is  at  home,  anil  has  his  things  about  him,  he  sees  that 
himself  and  family  depend  upon  them.  He  thinks  of  these  things  when  he 
leaves  home.  My  young  men  and  liuuily  lye  all  aroimd  me.  Should  I  go 
west,  I  shotdd  lose  many  on  the  way.  A  weak  man  cannot  get  there,  the 
fatigne  would  be  so  great.  None  but  strong  people  can  go.  I  am  an  Indian. 
There  is  none  but  Indian  blood  in  me.  The  agent.  Major  Phagan,  thai  )oent 
mlh  iw,  is  a  man  of  violent  passions.  He  quarrelled  with  us  on  the  way,  and  after 
\cegol  there.  If  he  had  done  his  duty,  all  would  have  ended  well.  If  I  know  my 
iieurt,  1  speak  true.  If  I  dilier  from  the  agent,  he  is  a  free  man,  and  can  talk 
as  he  ])leases.  I  hope  his  talk  will  bring  all  things  right,  so  that  we  may  all 
live  together  hereafter  in  friendship." 

IloLATA  Emathi.a  said:  "The  horees  that  were  stolen  from  ns  by  the 
Cherokees,  when  we  were  viewing  the  country  in  the  west,  were  never 
restored  to  us.  We  told  the  agent  the  land  was  good,  but  the  [)eoph!  W(>re 
Ivul.  We  saw  them  bring  scalps  to  the  garrison.  We  had  a  met-ting  with 
Mlnhsh.^  He  told  >is  that  among  all  their  ik  ighbors  they  had  peace;  that 
he  and  ('o\.  .irbuckle  were  to  send  out  to  have  a  treaty  of  peace  with  all  the 
.*|mnisli  Indians,  aiid  when  that  was  done,  a  report  of  it  was  to  be  sent  to 
Wiisliiiigton.  I  am  sick.  I  caimot  say  all  I  want  to  say.  I  want  to  tidk 
fonlly,  and  tell  the  truth  in  all  things.  They  promised  to  send  word  to  us 
when  peace  was  made  with  all  the  Indians  west  of  the  great  river."  It  had 
been  now  abotit  three  years,  and  it  does  not  ap|)ear  that  any  news  of  a  treaty 
had  reached  the  Seminoles;  therefore  could  it  be  expected  they  shoidd  be 

*  Hero  is  a  slight  disorcpaiiry  between  this  and  our  former  relalioii,  (p.  72,)  orcasioncd  by 
acom|.Hiison  of  Cohen  and  Williams.  It  will  also  be  observed,  that  from  llie  several  |iriiitod 
versions  i.!'ilie  speeches  of  the  chiefs  on  this  occasion,  I  have  drawn  these. 

t  He  was  a  signer  of  the  treaty  of  Camp  Moultrie,  and  is  said  to  have  been  destroyed  by 
llie  inacliiiiaiions  of  Jumper  in  182,5;  and  that  although  A/(Vo7io;)j/ was  considered  liio  chief 
orrlilel's,  vot  Hicks  was  much  the  greatest  man.  Hrxt  lie  is  sometimes  called,  and  to  the 
ircatv  of  Mou.irie  his  name  is  written  Tokose  Mallilu. 

t  Mr.  Williams  liad  probably  not  read  that  treaty,  as  ho  intimates  that  it  stipulated  that  the 
Iniliaiis  weie  t(  remove  at  the  end  of  20  years.  The  treaty  says  nothing  about  a  removal, 
(only  01)  tu  Ihpif  5,000,000  acres,)  but  stipulates  that  an  ammitij  siiall  be  paid  them  for  20 
)cars. 

^  Chillij  M'lnlosh,  son  of  Gen.  IV.  M'liUosh,  executed  for  IreasoD  by  his  own  j^eople. 
6ee  p.  M  of  this  book. 

11* 


■<■'■' i'-*  ill* 


Ur  ' 


126  SEMINOLE  WAR.— POLICY  OF  REMOVAL  EXAMINED.     [Book  IV 

willing  to  go  before  peace  was  establislici  ?    This  consideration  alone  was 
enough  to  have  caused  a  delay  on  the  part  of  the  government. 

The  agent  had  o[)ened  the  conference  with  mild  language,  hut  he  now 
nvaxed  wroth,  and  said  many  hard  things  to  the  cliiefs ;  accused  one  of  1\  i],,, 
and  another  of  duplicity,  and  closed  by  threatenings.  Still  the  clijetk'dis. 
covered  but  little  irritation,  and  signified  oidy  that  they  should  remuin  firm  j,, 
their  resolution.  In  one  of  the  speeches  which  Chftrks  Emathla  niudc  jn  thj^ 
council,  there  occurs  this  passage:  "The  agent  told  us  yesterday  we  did  n,,; 
talk  to  the  point.  I  have  nothing  to  say  ditt'erent  from  what  I  liuve  sai  ^t 
Paine's  Landing  the  whites  forced  us  into  the  treaty.  I  was  there.  I  u(;ic(>(i  to 
go  west,  and  did  go.  I  went  in  a  vessel,  and  it  made  me  sick.  The  hidiims 
and  the  whites  have  shed  no  blood.  They  stole  things  from  eudi  otinr 
Tliey  agreed  at  Paine's  Landing,  that  if  blood  should  be  seen  in  the  puth  to 
think  it  was  because  a  person  had  snagged  his  foot." 

The  policy  adopted  by  the  g<!neral  government  of  a  removal  of  the  hidian* 
is  most  unquestionably  the  worst,  both  for  the  whites  as  well  as  the  hidiaii-; 
that  could  have  been  devised  It  is  next  to  a  system  of  deliberate  imirdo! 
To  cast  one  strange  tribe  ii  n  another  is  but  to  put  wea])ons  into  tlair 
hands,  and  in  the  language  0/  Tecumseh,  "  to  cry  stuboy."  Their  ])tiisioiis 
and  other  effects  draw  among  them  from  the  whites  the  vilest  of  kimvcs! 
many  of  whom  are  obliged  to  fly  their  own  country  for  crimes  of  the  diirk(.st 
hue.  It  matters  not,  say  many,  so  long  us  it  is  out  of  our  sight  and  iieuriiiir. 
Is  this  the  manner  a  parent  should  treat  his  children  ? — Send  them  fortli  into 
the  world  before  they  have  been  instructed  in  correct  principles,  uiid  thus 
abandon  them  to  the  haunts  of  criminals  and  vile  seducers  ?  Had  not  tlic 
authors  of  this  policy  foresight  enough  to  discern,  that  in  a  very  few  vcais 
tribes  so  removed  would  be  again  surrounded  by  their  own  people  ?  Tiiut 
the  cry  would  again  and  again  be  raised  against  their  vicinity — that  in  tlie 
very  nature  of  the  case  there  cordd  be  no  other  residt,  so  long  us  a  solitarv 
Indian  remained  on  the  contuient  ?  To  write  essays  iu  proof  of  this  result 
is  the  same  as  to  write  an  elaborate  treatise  in  the  winter  to  prove  tlmt 
summer  would  return.  How  much  better  would  it  have  been  to  have  lit 
ihem  remain  in  their  own  country,  where  it  were  easy  to  protect  them,  eusv 
to  provide  against  their  contamination,  by  kee])ing  out  unprincipled  people 
from  among  them !  how  much  easier  they  could  have  been  instructed !  iiow 
nmch  easier  that  author  of  all  iniquity,  (spirituous  li(juors,)  had  been  ke|)t  lioin 
among  them !  But  what  are  we  to  expect  from  a  government,  when  the  heaik 
who  compose  it  think  nothing  of  so  much  importance  as  the  means  by  wliich 
they  shall  retain  their  places,  and  sei've  those  looking  to  them  for  rewards  tor 
their  servile  maciiinations,  who  have  contributed  largest  to  place  them  there? 
Washington,  Jefferson,  Adams,  the  elder  and  younger — to  their  eternal 
honor  be  it  remembered — advocated  no  such  policy.  How  can  it  be  but  that 
the  Indians  on  our  borders  should  be  bad  ?  It  is  true  with  regard  to  a  iiuiMcr- 
ous  class  of  them,  but  not  to  the  extent  that  niuny  honest  people  siiiipose, 
who  have  never  dwelt  on  a  border.  As  a  fair  illustration  of  this  iiirt,  1  will 
give  in  t|je  testimony  of  a  gentleman  from  New  England,  with  whom  I  met 
dwelling  upon  an  Indian  border,  and  in  the  midst  of  both  Iiidiuns  and  wliite.*, 
1  first  questioned  him  with  respect  to  the  general  character  and  conduct  of 
the  white  inhabitants.  His  answers  were  just  what  I  supposed  they  would 
be.  I  inquired  first  about  the  whites,  that  he  might  not  think  me  particularly 
friendly  to  the  Lidians.  But  when  I  inquired  concerning  the  latter,  his  answer 
was,  "  They  are  the  only  civil  peojjlc  here." 

The  complaints  of  the  white  man  are  carried,  as  it  were,  "on  the  wines  of 
the  wind,"  while  that  of  the  poor  Indian  is  drowned  in  the  tempest.  A  clamor 
is  raised  on  a  frontier,  and  commissioners  are  despatched  to  buy  the  Indians 
lands.  He  is  bewildered  with  the  parade,  ostentation,  and  false  sliow  of 
greatness  displayed  before  him.  He  puts  confidence  in  what  the  agents  of 
government  tell  him,  and  accedes  to  their  wishes.  Still  he  occupies  lii? 
country — but  very  soon  learns  that  it  is  not  his, — that  he  has  sold  it,— and 
must  now  leave  it  forever!  He  then,  for  the  first  time,  begins  to  realize 
what  he  has  done.  He  sees,  too  late,  that  he  has  done  what  he  had  no  inienim 
of  doing. 


EXAMINED.     [Book  IV. 

onsideration  alone  was 
•niiiient. 

liuiguage,  but  lie  now 
s;  accused  one  ol'  Kinjf 
8.  Still  the  cliietk'ilis- 
y  should  remain  firm  in 
les  Emalhla  niadi;  iit  tliis 
us  yesterday  we  did  \m 
111  what  I  have  sai  ,  At 
[  was  there.  I  a\mvt\  to 
!  me  sick.  The  liuiiiins 
hiiigs  from  each  otlitr. 
d  be  seen  in  the  jtutli,  to 

a  removal  of  the  Indians 

3S  as  well  as  the  Indians, 

iiii  of  deliberate  inurdi  r. 

put  weapons  into  tlnir 

stuboy."    Their  pensions 

ites  the  vilest  of  knaves, 

for  crimes  of  the  darkest 

of  our  sight  and  heuiinL'. 

n  ? — Scud  them  fortli  into 

rrect  jn-inciples,  and  thus 

!  seducers  ?    Had  not  the 

,  that  iu  a  very  lew  \tais 

their  own  people  ?    Tliut 

their  vicinity — that  in  tlie 

esult,  so  long  as  a  solitaiy 

lys  iu  ])roof  of  this  itsiiii 

the  winter  to  prove  tiiat 

I  it  have  beeu  to  have  let 

easy  to  protect  them,  easy 

g  out  unprincipled  itcople 

lave  been  instructed!  how 

Kjuors,)  had  been  kejit  lioiii 

jvernment,  when  the  lieads 

d\ce  as  the  means  by  wliitb 

ng  to  them  for  rewards  tor 

irgest  to  place  them  tiiercr 

younger— to  their  eternal 

;.    How  can  it  be  btit  that 

>-ue  with  regard  to  a  numer- 

ny  honest  people  i<tiiii«ise, 

istratiou  of  this  fact,  1  will 

England,  with  whom  1  met 

of  both  Indians  and  wliites. 

,  character  and  conduct  of 

■lat  I  supposed  they  uoiild 

lit  not  think  me  partioiilaiiy 

irning  the  latter,  his  answer 

Is  it  were,  "on  the  winiisof 

Id  in  the  tempest.  A  clamor 
fatched  to  buy  the  Indian's 
ritation,  and  false  show  ol 
Uce  in  what  the  agents  ol 
fies.  Still  he  occujiies  lus 
1-that  he  has  sold  it,-an(l 
first  time,  begins  to  realize 
Uone  what  he  had  no  inknlion 


CUAP 


XVII] 


REMOVAL  POLICY.— ITS   ABoUra)ITY. 


127 


it  is  certainly  true  that  the  people  of  (Jeorgin,  South  Carolina,  and  Alabnrna, 
expressed  great  satisfaction  at  the  aiitici|mted  relief  to  be  realized  when  chc 
Indians  should  be  sent  from  their  borders  beyond  tlie  Mississippi.  Hut  are 
not  tiiesc  vory  Indians  set  down  in  the  iimiiediate  vicinity  of  other  vviiite 
people?  Whence  tiieu  comes  the  benefit  to  the  Indians:  and  whence  tiie 
l)2iiefits  to  the  whites,  too,  in  tiie  end  ?  Look  at  the  case  any  way,  and  I  see 
no  point  of  utility  gained  to  eitiier  i)arty.  But  there  is  a  consideration  aiiout 
wiiii'li  I  have  lieard  very  little  said.  It  is  the  consideration  that  the  frontier 
states  and  territories  have  but  liiw  votes  in  u  jiresidential  election,  while  those 
I'roin  which  the  Indians  are  removed  have  many.  Now  how  much  this  adds 
10  the  justice  of  removing  Indians  I  leave  my  readers  to  judge.  Is  it  not 
iirepostcrous  in  the  highest  dt.'gree  to  relieve  a  thousanil  individuals  in 
Georgia  by  taking  away  the  Indians  from  among  them,  and  setting  them 
ilown  in  Arkansas,  where  they  can  be  in  the  way  of  but  a  hundred  peojile  ? 
Thus  because  one  state  can  make  more  noise  than  another,  its  clamors  must 
lie  liiislied  at  the  expense  of  the  other.  But  cries  of  distress  have  already 
reached  the  ears  of  the  distant  north,  from  the  south-east  border,  and  ft 
reiiiiires  no  prophet  to  see,  that  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  these  cries 
will  he  redoubled,  and  demand  as  much  from  the  government,  and  with  as 
niucli  authority  as  has  already  been  done  by  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  Blissis- 
sipiii,  Oi-  Alabama. 

The  gt'ieiai  government  has  anticijmted  a  state  of  things  upon  the  border, 
wliicli  might  requira  no  inconsiderable  military  force  to  restrain  ;  and  hence 
'  1  late  atteiMpt  to  provide  a  standing  army.  And  some  have  shrewdly  said, 
'.J,  as  its  otr:c«i-s  would  all  be  appointed  by  tlie  president  of  the  United 
itates,  and  officers  and  men  to  be  voters  too,  he  had  attempted  to  seize  an- 
other leading-string  of  power  to  continue  him  in  ollice,  or  to  elect  such  suc- 
cessor as  he  should  designate,  "  to  follow  in  his  Ibotsteps."  However  this 
laav  be,  we  decline  any  opinion  on  the  matter,  further  than  to  observe,  that  a 
much  less  army,  in  all  probability,  would  have  protected  the  Indians  in  their 
own  country,  than  will  now  be  rccpiired  to  protect  the  white  inhabitants  iu 
the  coimtry  to  which  they  have  been  driven. 

it,  in  1824,  there  was  great  fear  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  south-western 
frontier,  from  the  increased  number  of  Indians  Ibrced  into  their  vicinity,  what 
must  now  be  their  fears,  with  some  80,000  since  turned  loose  there  ?  Early  in 
WA,  great  alarm  spread  along  that  region ;  offence  had  been  given  by  the 
whites,  and  they  were  for  a  while  in  constant  agitation,  expecting  revenge. 
They  said  there  were  not  more  than  3,000  troops  stationed  to  defend  and 
keep  order  over  nearly  5,00C  miles,  and  to  keep  in  check  upwards  of  20,000 
Indian  warriors.  If  there  was  need  of  a  standing  army  in  1824,  surely  Mr. 
Va.n  IJuREN  ought  to  have  recommended  cue  in  ISJi). 

It  is  no  less  absurd  than  ridiculous,  to  entertain  the  idea  that  we  can  re- 
move the  Indians  out  of  the  way  of  the  whites  ;  eveiy  citizen  who  knows  any 
thing  of  the  character  and  habits  of  the  kind  of  people  hanging  upon  all  In- 
dian borders,  will  tell  us  without  a  moment's  hesitation,  that  numbers  of  this 
class  will  be  found  in  the  country  in  advance  of  the  removing  Indians,  as 
completely  equipped  for  defrauding  them,  as  before  their  departure.  We 
ciiiiiot  run  away  from  this  class  of  hungry  fiioneers,  for  the  very  good  reason 
tliat  we  cannot  get  beyond  them.  They  know  where  the  emigrants  are  to  be 
located,  a  long  time  before  they  set  out,  and  any  law  made  to  bear  on  such 
intruders,  is  none  other  than  a  by-word  and  a  jest  with  them.  They  are  as  fii- 
miliar  with  the  woods  as  we  are  with  our  closets  ;  and  the  further  we  go  with 
the  Indians,  with  proportionate  impunity  will  they  set  our  laws  at  defiance.* 

We  have  already  premised  some  facts  for  consideration,  touching  the  nuni- 
l)er  of  Indian  chiefs  f  in  Florida,  who  executed  the  treaties  for  their  jicople, 
and  those  found  in  arms  after  the  war  had  begun.  We  will  now  ask  a  mo- 
ment's attention  to  a  further  consideration  of  this  matter.  In  the  year  1821, 
the  agent  in  Florida  made  a  return  to  government  of  such  villages  or  settle- 

'  See  Hon.  Mr.  Vinton's  sneecli    H.  R.  1828. 

t  When  the  previous  part  of  lliis  founh  l)ool<  was  written,  I  was  not  correrlly  informed  rel» 
alive  to  die  chiefs'  stanning  in  regard  to  one  another,  and  liencc  a  slight  discrepancy  betweea 
the  facts  before  detailed,  and  the  same  now  under  consideration. 


7 

\i 

1" 

I 

*; 

't 

it 

.^    i$  F»<t^, 


V. 


1   '4'"S1; 


138 


OPPOSITION   OF  THE  CHIEFS. 


[fiooK  IV, 


moiits  of  Scminoles,  as  Avere  known  to  liim. 


iKHii  vurAi  II  luu  Miuulu  imvi;  iii!«;ii  u  j'liriy  lu  uii  ireaiiiis,  cnlii'r  lli  )iis 
proper  portson,  or  by  aiiotliui-  duly  by  liini  uiithorized  ?  This  suirie  iifrf^nt  i 
oiicd  tlicre  were  5,000  souls  in  all.     Compare  these  facts  witli  the  wcjl-ki 


This  number  was  thirty-fivi; 
Of  the  statistics  of  some  of  these  towns  the  agent  knew  very  little  ;  hu(\  t|ir.  ' 
were  doubtless  many  others  of  which  he  knew  nothing.  The  Mikasuuki  ^ 
he  reckoned  at  1,000  soids;  and  concerning  several  other  tribes,  he  says  tlipv 
contained  "a  great  many  souls."  Now  ii  is  in  no  wise  probable  but  tiifif  on 
half  of  these  tribes  had  at  least  two  chiefs  or  head  men,  and  this  Wdnld  irii. 
to  the  whole  nation  kikty-two  chieft^.  Was  it  not  necessary  that  a  (iij,..' 
from  each  tribe  should  have  been  a  party  to  all  treatjes,  either  in  Iiis(,«i 

reck. 

one,  tliat  only yi/?ccn  chiefs  and  sub-chiefs  signed  the  treaty  of  nunoval  wliicl 
is  tliat  of  Paine's  Landing.  Not  half  of  the  nation  could  have  been  icnrc 
sented.  If  any  woidd  dispute  this,  with  the  array  of  evidence  now  addnl,,,! 
1  will  pronounce  him  wilfully  blind,  and  incapable  of  reasoning.  ],o„|^  ,.' 
the  treaty  of  Moultrie  Creek  ;  there  are  the  names  of  more  than  doiililc  \\u. 
nuiid)or  attached,  than  were  obtained  to  that  of  Paine's  Landing ;  and  one  of 
the  best  Seminole  chiefs  has  said,  "  TTie  whiles  forced  ua  into  the  treatii."  It ; 
not  vcnf  strange  that  there  were  but  15  chiefs  at  this  treaty,  or  that  sji'iicd  ii 
for  there  had  been  but  one  month's  notice  given  that  any  such  treaty  was'on  tijot 
We  shall  now  show  that  wlien  a  full  council  of  the  chiefs  was  toi'ptlirr 
nothing  liko  a  general  consent  to  a  removal  could  be  obtained  from  tlicin.  1,1 
March,  18JJ5,  when  preparations  for  removi  1  began  to  be  strongly  ni"ed  l)v 
Gen.  Thompson,  at  the  soliciuition  of  Jumper,  he  gave  them  until  the  'i'i  Apnj 
to  meet  him  in  council,  when  he  would  hear  what  they  had  to  say  toiirliiim 
the  matter.  A  the  time  appointed,  "  several  hundreds  of  the  chiefs  and  war. 
riors  had  assembled,"  and  a  talk  was  read  to  them  from  Gen.  Jackson  ci:- 
fbrced  and  illustrated  by  the  agent  and  Gen.  Clinch,  all  of  which  ainoiintnl  to 
no  more  than  this,  "  Go  you  miist,  and  go  you  shall,  without  further  delav."' 
Some  of  the  chiefs  were  in  favor  of  a  com[)liance ;  but  the  priiicipnl  ones 
were  firm  in  their  opposition,  and  expressed  themselves  accordingly.  These 
were  Micanopy,  Jumper,  Holala  Mico,  Coa-Hadjo.  and  Jlrpiucki.  rioAvp\fr  a 
writing  was  dl-awn  up,  and  signed  by  IG  other  chiefs  and  sub-chiefs,  exines. 
give  of  their  willingness  to  abide  by  previous  treaties,  and  their  wish  to  re- 
move. This  was  signed  on  the  23  April,  1835.  It  was  through  the  influence 
of  a  very  influential  chief  (whose  name  was  Fvda  Lmsta  Hajo,  or  Black-dirt) 
of  the  removal  party,  that  tnis  last  treaty  was  made.  No  sooner  had  it  heeii 
efTected,  thmi  Gen.  Thompson  (acting  by  precedent,  of  course)  decreed  that 
the  five  opposing  chiefs  should  no  longer  be  considered  or  obeyed  as  ehiefj, 
When  this  high-handed  act  had  been  reported  to  Gen.  Cass,  secretary  at  «ar, 
he  reprobated  the  proceeding  in  veiy  strong  terms,  from  reasons  too  ohvious 
to  reijuire  detail  in  this  place. 

It  still  remains  a  question  with  us,  whether  an  accommodation  mifrlit  not 
have  been  brought  about,  if  the  officers  of  government  had  not  persisted  too 
strongly  in  their  determination  that  the  Seminoles  should  settle  villi  tlie 
Creeks';  but  the  cry  of  retrenchment  and  reform  was  u[),  and  it  was  ( nsy  to 
begin  with  the  Indians.  It  would  cost  the  government  nuich  less  it  they 
could  be  included  with  the  Creeks, — a  most  absurd  and  blind  })olicy !— The 
Seminoles  were  now  a  great  nation.  Were  they  to  be  lost  and  absoihed in 
another?   The  very  idea  was  revolting  to  them. 

Matters  remained  in  this  unsettled  state  for  several  months.  At  Iciifrth  ii 
seems  that  the  i)rincipal  chiefs,  to  the  number  of  25,  assembled  at  the  nf;eiipv 
on  tlie  19  August,  to  tiy  once  more  what  could  be  done  by  negotiation.  Ho- 
lata  Emathla  was  chosen  speaker  for  the  Indians,  and  he  delivered  liinisclt'  as 
follows : — 

"My  friends,  we  have  come  to  see  you  to  talk  with  you  on  a  siilijcctof 
gi-eat  importance  to  us.  Hear  us,  and  tell  our  great  father  what  his  children 
say.  We  made  a  treaty  at  Paine's  Landing,  by  which  we  agreed  to  i;o  \\e«i 
of  the  Mississippi :  we  were  told  to  send  some  of  our  principal  chiefs  to  view 
the  place  to  which  we  were  to  remove.  We  did  so;  they  found  the  coiiiitr} 
good.  While  there,  our  chiefs  had  a  talk  with  Gen.  Stokes  and  the  coniir.is- 
sioners;  they  were  told  that  the  Seminoles  and  Creeks  were  of  the  same  lain- 
ily ;  were  to  be  considered  as  the  same  nation,  and  placed  under  tlie  same 


[Rook  IV, 

mlier  wns  thirty-five, 
IV  very  little  ;  and  ihcre 
iiig.     Tlic  Mikasuiikirs 
her  tribes,  Ik;  says  ilioy 
e  i)rolinl)le  but  that  one 
en,  and  this  vould  frive 
necesHury  tbat  a  chifi' 
aties,  cither  in  his  own 
?  Tliis  same  ajient  icck- 
icts  with  the  well-known 
treaty  ol"  removal,  wliiih 
could  have  been  iciirc 

■  evideiiee  now  adduced, 
»  of  reasoning;.  Look  m 
)!'  more  than  donhlc  tlie 
ic's  Landing ;  and  one  of 
d  Its  into  the  <rco<j/."  It  is 
i  treaty,  or  that  sijiiicd  it, 
ny  such  treaty  was  on  loot, 

■  the  chiefs  was  tofictlicr, 
3  obtained  from  tlicin.    In 
I  to  be  strongly  nr;ipd  l)y 
re  them  until  the  'i'i  \\m\, 
t  they  had  to  say  tovirliing 
cds  of  the  chiefs  and  wtir- 
n\  from  Gen.  Jackson,  en- 
,  all  of  which  anioiintt'd  to 
all,  without  further  delay."' 
e ;  but  the  principal  ones 
selves  accordingly.    These 
and  Jlrviucki.    However,  a 
lefs  and  sub-chiefs,  exines- 
tties,  and  their  wish  to  re- 
r  was  through  the  infltienee 

Imta  Hajo,  or  Black-dirt) 
u.  No  sooner  had  it  heeii 
nt,  of  course)  decreed  that 
«idered  or  obeyed  as  ehiet's, 
Gen.  Cass,  secretary  at  war, 
18  from  reasons  too  ohvious 

accommodation  mi<rlit  not 
ment  had  not  persisted  too 
.les  should  settle  with  the 
was  up,  and  it  was  easy  to 
■rnment  much  less  it  they 
rd  and  blind  policy  l-Fhe 
y  to  be  lost  and  absorhed  in 

reral  months.  At  lengtli  it 
25,  assembled  at  the  afieiiey 
e  done  by  negotiation.  Ho- 
and  he  delivered  hinisell  as 

k  with  you  on  a  std.jedof 
-eat  father  what  his  chiklren 
vhieh  we  agreed  to  fio  west 
■our  principal  chiefs  to  view 
so:  (hev  found  the  eoimtn 
Hen.  Stokes  and  the  eoinims- 
reeks  were  of  the  same  lam- 
ad  placed  under  the  same 


CHAf-  XVIII] 


ATROCIOUS  BARBARITY. 


129 


jjfpnt.  They  answered,  that  the  Seminoles  were  a  large  nation,  and  should 
have  their  own  agent,  as  before  ;  that  if  our  father,  the  president,  would  give 
us  our  own  agent,  our  own  blacksmitli,  and  our  ploughs,  we  would  go  ;  bid 
{fk  did  not,  wc  sliould  be  untpiUinf!;  to  remove ;  that  we  should  bo  among  strau- 
4rs;  they  miirlit  be  friendly,  or  they  might  be  hostile,  and  we  wanted  our 
own  ngeiit,  whom  we  knew  would  be  our  friend,  who  would  take  care  of  ua, 
would  do  justices  to,  and  see  justice  done  us  by  other.s.  They  told  us  our  re- 
(iiicsts  wt^re  reasonable,  and  they  would  do  uil  they  could  to  induce  tht;  ])res- 
i'leiit  to  grant  them.  We  have  been  uiifbrtunate  in  the  agents  our  liither  has 
iiiit  us.  tien.  Tliompson,  our  jjresent  agent,  is  the  friend  of  the  Seminoles. 
\\V  tliciigbt  tit  lirst  tiiat  he  would  be  like  the  others;  but  we  know  better 
iKiw.  He  bas  but  one  talk,  and  what  he  tells  us  is  truth.  We  want  liim  to 
JO  with  us.  He  told  us  he  could  not  go,  but  he  at  last  agreed  to  do  so,  if  our 
jrreut  fatiier  will  permit  him.  We  know  our  father  loves  his  red  children, 
mill  won't  let  them  suffer  for  want  of  a  good  agent.  This  is  our  talk,  which 
,vc  want  you  to  send  to  our  father,  tlie  pi'esident,  hoping  we  may  receive  an 
carlv  answer." 

This  talk  was  despatched  to  Washington,  and  that  there  may  be  no  grounds 
to  question  the  truth  of  its  contents,  I  will  subjoin  an  extract  from  a  paper  by 
(Jell.  Clinch,  which  was  transmitted  with  it  The  general  says,  "  In  fbrward- 
in»  von  the  enclosed  document,  I  beg  leave  to  make  a  few  remarks.  Although 
iliesuhject  to  which  it  relates  is  itself  of  no  great  importance,  yet  it  may  have 
ji;  iinjiortant  bearing  on  the  present  quiet  and  future  happiness  of  these  chil- 
dren of  the  forest.  They  are,  from  peculiar  circumstances  and  long  habit, 
suspicious  of  the  white  man.  It  is  hard  to  induce  them  to  believe  that  all  the 
efforts  and  operations  of  government  are  intended  for  their  own  good.  The 
imtion  of  a  separate  agency  loas  again  and  again  brought  forward  by  the  chiefs, 
W  winter  and  spring,  and  appeared  to  be  considered  by  them  of  the  first  impor- 
lam  to  their  future  interests,  prosperity,  and  happiness." 

Notwithstanding  the  pathetic  a]>peal  of  the  Indians,  and  the  kind  intima- 
tions of  Gen.  Clinch,  the  president  would  give  them  no  hearing,  and  they 
were  informed  that  he  was  "  very  angry"  to  think  they  should  have  so  nmch 
presumption. 

Meanwhile,  some  circumstances  of  a  very  aggravating  nature  had  taken 
place.  Three  poor  Mikasaiikies,  from  Long  Swamp,  were  seized  by  a  plant- 
er, and  tied  with  a  rope  by  their  hands  and  feet,  and  confined  in  his  barn, 
without  sustenance,  till  they  were  nearly  dead.  They,  or  some  other  Indians, 
had  been  accused  of  purloining  from  his  plantation  some  of  the  necessaries  of 
life ;  the  drought  of  the  preceding  season  having  ruined  their  crops,  they  were 
reduced  to  extreme  want  The  friends  of  the  three  Indians  became  alarmed 
fan  their  long  absence,  and  the  chief  of  the  village  to  which  they  belonged, 
sought  them  out  and  demanded  them.  The  inhuman  wretch  would  not  re- 
lease them.  The  chief  then  repaired  to  his  village,  and  taking  several  of  his 
men  with  him,  demanded  them  again,  but  was  again  refused.  They  were  in 
hearing  of  the  distressed  cries  of  their  friends,  and  obeying  the  promptings 
of  a  generous  nature,  proceeded  to  the  barn,  and  liberated  them  by  force. 
They  were  in  a  i)itiful  condition,  could  neither  stand  or  go ;  the  ropes  with 
which  they  were  tied,  had  cut  through  the  flesh  to  the  very  bones !  When 
their  friends  were  carrying  them  away,  they  were  fired  upon  by  the  owner 
of  the  place,  and  one  was  wounded.  They  retaliated  only  by  burning  his 
barn,  not  suffering  liim  to  remove  any  thing  out  of  it ;  and  whoever  knows 
the  circumstances,  will  only  wonder  that  he  had  not  been  confined-  in,  and 
consumed  with  it. 


CHAPTER  XVm. 

CARRYING   THE    EVENTS    OF    THE    WAR   TO    THE    CLOSE    OF    THE    YEAR    1836. 

Retiew  of  car]y  difficulties — The  Hogtown  murder — The  insult  to  Osceola — Micanopy 
— Kisr,  Payne — Gen.  Clinch's  expedition — Gen.  Scott  attacked — Massacre  at  Char- 


),* 


'\«   K 


''       I'K 


^irl^^- 


m 


130 


THE  INSULT  TO  OSCEOLA. 


[Book  IV. 


lolte    Harbor — Fort    Mirnnopy   hesirgrd — Death   of   officers — Liffhthnunr.  iiffiiir~. 
Batti.k  ok  Wkmka — Creeks  and  Cherokee  affairs — Indians  surprisiil—Mnrii" 
—  Batti.k   of   San   Fki.asco — Col.  Imjic's  Hrpeditinn — His  inrlnnvhnUj  ihitil,S. 
Gov.  Call  in  command — Batti.ks  of  tub  Waiioo  Swamf — Hen.  Jenup  rcsunu 
command — His  expedition  to  the  IVahoo.  * 


The  iinirder  of  Hojttowu,  to  whii-li  we  have  before  ulliitlod,  whs  n  serious 
crisis.  It  very  luucli  Imstened  liostilities,  from  the  outrageous  imtuiv  of  tl, , 
cus(!.  The  additional  fiiets  to  tiiose  we  have  uh-eady  piveii  are  tliesc.  'J"i„,^|, 
were  eijfht  Iiithaus  belonging  to  tiie  jmrty,  and  in  their  waudcriuf^s  tlK\  hj, i 
killed  a  cow  which  did  u«)t  l)eloii^  to  theni,  near  Deaniond's  Pond.  A  iiiut '(,( 
theui,  on  the  MHh  of  June,  In-inj?  eiiconiped  at  a  nink-hole  where  tlicic  was 
water,  about  3  miles  from  Keuapaha  Pond,  are  fallen  upon  by  a  fr,|||„  ,  .• 
wliites,  s(!veii  in  nund)er,  who  seized  as  many  of  the  guns  l)eloiiiriii|r  |„'"|| 
Indians  as  they  were  able,  and  then  ( onunenced  whippin;;  thcni.  Two  df 
tlie  Indians  iiad  gone  out  upon  a  hunt,  and  returne<l  while  this  bnniiicss  wns 
in  progrciss.  They  made  a  shot  uyou  the  whites,  wounding  one  oftlKiii, and 
in  tluMr  turn  they  tired  upon  the  two  Indians,  killing  one,  named  f\iT(^  !,|||| 
mortally  wounding  the  other,  named  Lechotichee.  Here  the  rencontre  jsecins 
to  have  ended. 

A  great  cry  was  now  raised  along  the  Indian  border,  and  the  siirviviiiir 
Indians,  who  bad  done  all  of  this  mischief,  were  demanded  of  the  clii(>r«  In  iIr. 
agent  They  were  readily  surrendereci,  the  whole  suniving  six,  ami  tiinnvn 
into  prison,  where  they  remained  over  thirty  days,  while  their  accusers  were 
left  at  perfect  liberty  to  commit  other  outrages,  and  to  make  preparations  mr 
convicting  the  Indians  at  the  trial  which  was  supposed  to  await  tlicin;  Imt  it 
does  not  appear  that  any  trial  ever  took  place,  and  my  informant  says,  tlmt  ihc 
balance  of  proof  was  so  much  against  the  whites  that  they  were  fjlad  k, 
"dodge  the  (luestion;"  and  hence  we  suppose  the  Indians  were  set  at  lilMrtv, 
But  could  any  rational  man  suppose  that  an  outrage  of  such  a  flagitious  clmr. 
acter  would  pass  without  retaliation?  It  followed,  but  not  immedintelj.  { ■^ 
the  1 1  August,  a  private,  named  DcUton,  carrying  the  mail  l)etween  Fort  Hn,  ; 
and  l"'ort  King,  was  met  on  his  route  and  killed.  Some  seized  his  horse  by 
the  reins,  while  others  dragged  him  off  and  shot  him.  When  found,  lijs  boiiv 
bore  evidence  of  savage  vengeance,  being  nearly  torn  in  jjieces.  Tiic  pnm 
conmiitting  this  act  are  immediately  demanded  by  Gen.  Clinch,  and  the  cliidj 
prouused  they  should  be  surrendered,  j)robably  without  any  intention  of  sn 
doing.  They  were  Alikastmkies,  and  having  fled  among  the  Redsticks  of 
the  Ouithlacooche,  could  not  be  found.  If  the  Indians  did  not  avow  tiiis  iniir- 
der  to  be  in  revenge  lor  that  oi'  Ftae  and  Lechotichee,  it  was  known  to  \w  so, 

The  Indians  were  now,  if  i)ossible,  treated  with  greater  contumoly  tlmn 
before,  and  Osceola,  about  this  time,  went  to  the  agent  to  comi)laiii  of  mm 
ruthless  villain  who  had  been  guilty  of  grossly  illtreating  some  of  iiis  pcnple, 
It  so  hapi.v^ned  that  some  white  person  had,  only  the  preceding  day,  ukuIi'  a 
similar  complaint  against  the  Indians;  which  complaints  were,  it  is  said, 
occasioned  by  the  affair  at  Hogtown.  The  general  therefore,  liuvinfr  yn- 
judged  the  case,  as  good  as  told  Osceola  he  lied,  and  that  it  was  his  iiitn  who 
were  guilty  of  outrage.  An  altercation  ensued,  and  this  was  the  time,  we  are 
told,  that  this  chief  was  seized,  manacled,  and  placed  in  the  guard-iioiise  of 
the  garrison;  the  circumstancesof  which  have  already  been  related,  afj.eeiililv 
to  the  then  existing  information. 

We  now  pass  to  the  events  of  the  war,  taking  up  the  subject  where  it  iiad 
been  suspended  in  the  summer  of  1836. 

One  of  the  divisions  of  the  army  under  Gen.  Clinch  marched  from  Tampa 
for  Fort  Drane  on  the  14th  of  April,  1830.  After  a  march  of  three  days,  tliev 
came  within  four  miles  of  Fort  Cooper,  Avhere  Major  Coojjcr  had  been  leit 
with  his  Georgia  battalion.  Having  encamped.  Gen.  Clinch  detached  liistwo 
mounted  companies  under  Capt.  Malone  of  the  Washington  corps,  witli 
wagons,  to  Major  Cooper,  and  instructions  to  join  him.  When  this  (letiicli- 
ment  had  proceeded  about  two  or  three  miles,  it  was  fired  upon  hy  Indians 
concealed  in  a  homrnock  near  the  road,  and  Mr.  Howard  and  Cornet  Dunsin 
of  the  Washington  troo[)s  were  wotmded ;  the  former  with  three  sliot,  anil 
the  latter  with  one  in  the  leg.    Both  probably  recovered.    Capt.  Maloiie 


[Rook  IV. 

S — Lighthouse  affiiir— 
ns  surjirisiil — Murdir/ 
!is  viitliuirhiilij  iIkiiIi— 
V — tif/i.  JtM/y)  rtsumis 


iUu«lo(l,  wiis  n  s(>ri(iiis 
ru^eous  iiutiin'  u\'  tlic 
veil  an'  tlu'sc.    'I'lurc 
•  vvuiulfriuf^s  tln'\  |iai| 
md's  i'oiul.    A  iHiit  of 
■hole  where  tlicic  wns 
111  mioii  hy  a  piiiir  111' 
piniH  beloniiiiii,'  u,  tin. 
ppuifl  them.    Twii  df 
ihile  th'iH  hiifiiiifss  wiis 
iiding  one  ofUiiin, hikI 
cue,  nurned  f'lij-e,  imd 
e  the  rencontre  seiiiis 

(ler,  and  the  surviviiijr 
[led  of  tlie  chiefs  hy  the 
•vivhig  six,  uiiil  tlirown 
lilc  their  uccusprs  were 
o  ninke  preimratioiis  m 
;d  to  avvtiit  tliem ;  liul  it 
inlbrnmnt  wiys,  that  tin- 
thttt  they  were  iilml  to 
diaus  were  set  at  lihcny. 
)f  such  a  flujlitious  v\m- 
lit  not  imniedintely.   (' 
nail  iMitween  Fort  15i(  ^ 
ionic  seized  his  horso  hy 

When  found,  his  body 
11  in  i)ieces.  The  iiuiiy 
■11.  Clinch,  and  tlie  oliiffs 
lout  any  intention  of  so 
unong  the  Redsticks  of 
IS  did  not  avow  tliis  imir- 
it  was  known  to  he  s^o. 

rreater  contumely  tliiin 

nt  to  coinphiin  of  soiup 
ting  some  of  his  \)wyk 

i  preceding  day,  iiiadi;  a 

daints  were,  it  is  said, 
therefore,  havinsi  ]m- 

that  it  was  his  lucii  wiio 
this  was  tlie  time,  we  are 

d  in  the  giiard-housf  of 
dy  been  related,  a|!.eeBlily 

the  subject  where  it  had 

K-h  marched  from  Tmnpa 
narch  of  three  cUiys,thov 

or  Cooper  had  been  left 
Clinch  detaclied  1ms  two 

nWashington  corits,  «iii 
lim.  When  this  detach- 
Ins  fired  upon  by  Mmi 
Uard  and  Cornet  P.n« 
ner  with  three  shot,an,l 
ccovered.    Capt.  Maloue 


CHAP.  XVIII.] 


KATTLE   OF  WEMK.V. 


131 


iiiinicdiately  sent  to  Gon.  Clinch  for  u  reeiiforcomeiit,  on  tlie  nrrivnl  of'wiiicli 
110  liidhins  were  to  be  found.  The  detachnieiit  then  proceeded  to  Fort 
fdoju'r,  wiiich  hud  been  attacked  lor  VI  tiays  together,  [lut  with  a  Idks  only 
of  one  man,  Mr.  Zarock  Cook,  of  the  Morgan  (jiianls. 

At  the  sumo  time  (fcn.  Clinch  marched  from  Tampa,  Col,  Lindsay  letl  also 
iipuii  a  scout,  und  while  crossing  the  Killsboroiigh  lliver,  the  Indians  tired  upon 
iiiii,  killing  Mr.  James  Urunham  of  the  Ahibumu  volunteers,  (ieii.  Clincli 
made  hut  a  short  stay  at  Fort  Cooper,  when  he  returned  to  Fort  King,  where 
lii. arrived  on  tlio  )i,')\h;  having  had  ime  man  wounded,  a  Mr.  IJostick  of  the 
jilli rsoii  troop.  At  the  same  time  Col.  (loodwin  burns  u  large  Indian  town 
(in  I'eus  Creek;  und  only  two  <hiys  alter,  a  company  of  Jndians  attack  Fort 
Dmne,  make  prisoners  of  several  negroes,  and  carry  off  a  number  of  horses. 
peiurcly  a  day  passed  at  this  period  without  some  tale  of  blood.  (Jen. 
yM,  OH  his  inurcli  near  Ocklawuliu,  is  attacked  in  liis  camp  on  the  2M  of 
\|irii,  and  two  of  his  men  are  wounded.  Two  days  allor,  the  general  sur- 
|irisi's  a  party  of  Indians  about  23  miles  from  Voiu.via,  but  they  all  escape, 
leaving,  however,  their  horses  and  pucks  to  the  victors. 

At  Cliarlotte  Harbor,  on  the  28th  of  April,  the  Indians  make  thorough  work, 
kiilini,'  Dr.  Creus,  the  collector  of  tliat  port,  "und  all  the  people  residing 
iliire.''  They  next  appear  with  great  boldness  before  St.  Murks,  liut  retiro 
wiiliuiit  doing  any  other  damage  than  frightening  the  people.  About  the 
middle  of  May  depredations  were  committed  within  two  miles  of  Mandarin, 
in  tlie  St  John's.  They  killed  and  scalped  a  Mr.  Motte,  u  highly  respectable 
iliiitieiaan  from  New  York,  and  burnt  his  house  and  other  buildings. 

On  the  7th  of  June  the  Indians  burn  the  extensive  sugar-works  belonging 
wUcn.  Clinch,  together  with  70  hogsheads  of  sugar,  and  a  great  amount  of 
iidur  pro|)erty ;  und  ut  the  eame  time  they  burn  also  the  sugar-house  of  Col. 
M'lnlosh,  of  Ouklund.  The  next  day  about  150  warriors  invest  Fort  Micaiiopy, 
in  which  was  Major  Ileillman  und  70  or  80  men.  Alter  some  prepuratioiis, 
;i  sortie  was  made,  and  the  Indians  disjiersed.  The  whites  had  live  men 
wumided  and  one  killed.  Major  Ileillman  had  been  an  active  and  valuable 
oiiicer,  hut  his  term  of  service  expired  with  his  death,  which  took  place  at 
Mioanopy  on  the  27th  of  the  same  month  ;  and  but  a  few  days  before,  (June 
llili,)  Lieut,  Wheelock  laid  put  an  end  to  hisj  own  existence  with  his  riHe. 
His  duties  hud  been  so  arduous  that  he  wus  overcome  by  an  aberrutioii  of 
luiiid,  in  which  condition  he  committed  the  fatal  act. 
On  tiie  23d  of  July  the  Seminoics  attack  and  burn  the  lighthouse  on  Cape 
Florida;  the  keeper,  a  Mr.  J.  VV.  B.  Thompson,  is  most  surprisingly  delivered 
from  deutii,  though  not  till  he  hud  been  forced  to  drink  deep  of  the  cup  of  ita 
agonies,*  On  the  1st  of  August  the  express  rider  is  cut  off  between  New- 
liaiisviile  and  Micanojiy. 
Some  time  in  June,  the  unheulthiness  of  Fort  Drane  linving  been  re])re- 
sentcd  to  Gov.  Call,  an  order  was  given  for  its  evacuation.  About  the  IHth 
of  July,  a  train  of  22  wagons  lett  that  place,  with  stores  and  irninitions  for 
Fort  Defiance,  Micanopy,  at  8  o'clock  in  the  morning,  escorted  by  2t)  drugoons, 
uudorCupt.  Asliby,  and  30  artillerists,  detailed  from  different  companies;  in 
all  (i'2  Mien.  They  had  a  five  and  u  half  inch  howitzer,  under  the  charge  of 
Lieut.  Whitly.  On  the  arrival  of  the  train  at  Welika  Pond,  within  a  mile  of 
its  destination,  as  usual,  the  first  notice  of  Indians  wus  from  u  salute  from 
ilieir  rifles,  by  which  one  man  was  mortally  wounded.  The  place  whence 
ilie  discharge  proceeded  was  scoured,  but  the  Indians  had  gone.  The  force 
moved  on,  and  at  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  Micanopy,  as  it  was  passing 
a  long  hoinmock,  a  tremendous  fire  wus  poured  upon  the  whole  column  from 
iiO  Indiaus,  as  wus  supjjosed ;  their  line  extending  a  quurter  of  u  mile.  Soon 
alter  Cupt.  Ashhy  wus  severely  wounded,  but  continued  in  uction  until  com- 
pt'lli'd  to  retire  from  loss  of  blood.  The  firing  brought  out  to  their  relief  two 
companies  from  Micanopy,  31  strong,  under  Lieuts,  Talcott  i:nd  Tem|)le,  who 
niidered  very  important  service.  Tlie  Indians  stood  their  gi  .<und  until  dis- 
[  lodged  hy  a  charge,  which  was  not  until  the  fight  had  been  consideral)ly  pro- 

'  I  have  published  Mr.  Thompson's  nnrralive  of  the  affair  in  my  Collecliou  of  Indian  Nar- 
I  raiives— a  very  proper  appeudix  lo  this  work. 


B'ff-T'V-1..:.;!'^,^ 


i', 


?r  ■■'■  .!>  '1^1 


mm 

mm 


^* 


133 


CRKEKS  AiSI)  CIIEROKKK  AFFAIRS. 


tBooit  IV. 


\ik 


loKs  no 


triictcd.     or  the  whifns  11  wore  killetl  iiiid  vvouiKlcd ;  of  tlio  Iiuliaim' 
ac'coiiiit  was  olttaiiu'd. 

On  t\n'  iminrmf,'  nCtlm  Htli  of  Au>.'iint  fi-ll  IMajor  Williams,  n«'ar  St,  Artinir' 
(!;:<•,  on  his  \v.i_,  inmi  Hlnck  Cn-ok  to  Noiiardsvillc.  'I'lii-rc  wcr,.  •^^^\ 
ii'rl  this  siiifjlo  act,  and  although  Mr.  Williams  im,!  „ 
was  siitli-n>d  to  «'Sfa|»o;  th»'j  were  so  elated  t||„t  ii,,,, 
.  slniek  tlit>  first  hlovv  in  this  wretehed  war,  ilmi  \\„\. 
retaliation  at  that  time.  Tlu!  reader  will,  ddiilitlrs^ 
I'.tth  of  Jiiiio,   1K)5,  and  the   (larallel  ease  of  (';,   ' 


I"- 


ih'id^^e,  on  his  w.i..  i 
Indians,  it  is  said,  \s 
Non-in-law  with  him, 
had  killed  tlu'  man  \vi 
tlionifht  of  no  further 
roadily  r»!niend)er  iht^ 
Chnhh. 

It  is  n  relief,  in  piirsning  p'nerai  liistory,  to  l)o  aide  to  meet  with  siiini- 
tliinj,'  hesides  seenes  of  lilood,  hnt  in  partienlar  history  we  are  eontined  to  th,. 
(MMirse  of  oventH,  whieh  when  they  lead  ns  (o  nothing  hnt  the  most  driadrd 
Hceiu's,  we  hav«)  no  ciioiet! ;  we  do  not  make  events,  only  record  tliem.  |'{ir 
a  moment  onr  attention  will  Im^  drawn  to  the  Creek  and  ('herokee  ednnirics 

I\lii<di  was  said  ahont  th<;  more  northern  Indians  ^oin^  down  into  Flnriiia 
mid  joininf;  the  Seminoles,  and  it  was  even  said  that  the  Seminoles  luu|  si m 
a  messeng«'r  to  the  shores  of  tiio  f^reat  lakes  with  invitations  to  the  hidians  in 
those  regions  to  join  them.  It  may  he  true.  We  are  told  that  (Jen.  (iairiis 
did  not  dishelieve  it,  hnt  we  have  never  heard  that  any  ranie  down  tiom 
thence.  The  Creeks  wen^  adjacent,  and  it  was  easy  for  them  to  etVert  siicji  u 
jnnction.  Aceordiii^dy,  on  the  .'Sth  of  Jidy,  a  considerahle  hody  of  tlieni  uns 
discovered  makin;;  their  way  towards  Florichi,  which  the  people  of  ^'tt•^^)|rl 
connty,  (Jeorfyia,  endeavored  to  prevent.  They  followed  tliem  ahoiit  ilncc 
days,  and  had  ahont  as  many  skirmishes  with  Iliem.  The  fnial  result  was 
each  party  was  jjlad  to  he  rid  of  the  other.  One  of  the  whites  was  woiiimIiiI' 
and  three  In«liaiis  were  said  to  have  heen  killed ;  the  lormer  heinj,'  salislitd 
to  display  the  remainder  of  their  conrajre  on  paper. 

On  the  Kith  of  Jnly,  2,400  (^herokees  were  shijtped  at  Montfiomerv,  Ala- 
hama,  (or  the  Arkansas.  In  such  a  vast  asseml)lafre  of  people,  liirccd  fnun 
the  land  of  their  lathers,  it  would  he  veiy  strange  ii'then*  were  not  soumwIhi 
should  show  an  unwillingness  to  go.  How  such  tinwillingness  had  Ihch 
inanilested  we  are  not  informed,  hut  at  this  time  "some  12  or  15"  men  were 
"shackled  with  heavy  irons  to  prevent  their  rising."  One  of  them  was  (jcicr- 
niined  not  to  suhmit  to  such  lelonious  indignity,  and,  wrenching  himself  Irnm 
the  grasp  of  his  torimuitors,  s(uz«'s  a  cluh,  and  knocking  down  one  with  a 
blow  on  the  head,  gives  the  war-whoop  and  attempts  an  escajie.  Alas!  Iiis 
struggle  is  fraught  with  certain  death;  he  is  shot  down,  iiiid  instantly <'X|iire,<. 
Another  is  jiicrced  with  a  bayonet,  ibr  what  no  mention  is  made ;  lu;  dies  in  a 
few  hours  alter.  On  the  evening  of  the  same  day  three  had  (>scu|)tHl  trwn 
tliose  who  guarded  them.  Soon  alter  one  was  retaken,  brought  in  in  a  cart. 
and  as  he  was  thus  conveyed  along  the  streets,  he  cut  his  own  throat,  ami 
exi)ired  without  a  groan !  To  such  deeds  of  desperation  does  this  work  oi' 
expulsion  lead. 

About  the  2d  of  August,  a  small  party  of  Indians  struck  a  small  spttlciii:  lii 
on  the  Oscilla  River,  which  flows  into  Appalachee  Bay,  and  about  40  inilis 
from  Talhil  asses,  killed  two  men,  took  a  l)oy,  and  burnt  a  house.  Colirctiin' 
what  spoil  they  could,  they  decamped ;  but  being  inunediately  followed  bv 
Capt.  Fisher's  company,  they  abandoned  the  boy  and  plunder,  and  secureil 
themselves  in  a  honnnock,  and  the  whites  inarched  back  victorious. 

On  the  Kith  of  this  month.  Major  Pierce,  with  110  men,  marched  from 
Gary's  Ferry  to  attack  a  body  of  Indians,  who,  he  had  learned,  were  in  \w- 
session  of  Fort  Drune.  He  was  Ibrtuiiate  enough  to  come  upon  them  iiiidiv 
covered,  but  such  was  the  alertness  of  the  Indians,  that  they  escaped  with 
small  loss ;  4  or  5,  being  badly  wounded,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  wliiio, 
who,  to  add  lustre  to  their  exploit,  barbarously  put  some  of  them  to  death. 
Osceola  was  there,  and  to  his  sagacity  we  may  impute  the  small  success  of 
his  enemies. 

On  the  15th  of  September  we  meet  with  a  melancholy  account  of  dopn' 
dations.     At   10  o'clock  in  the  morning  of  this  day,  a  Mr.  Higginhotliaiii  | 
arrived  at  Jack  onville  from  his  late  residence  at  Cedar  Swamp,  a  distaiici  of  I 
7  miles,  without  a  hat  and  almost  exhausted.    His  house  had  been  attuckdi  | 


RS.  [Rook  IV. 

of  the  Iii(Vu\i\n'  Iokm  no 

I'miiiH,  iifiir  St,  Artlinr's 
ill.',  'riu-n-  wire  •^(10 
(ill  iMr.  WilliiiMis  liiii)  II 
rtcrc  so  elated  tiiiit  tlicy 
wreteiietl  war,  tlmt  liny 
1  n'atU'r  will,  ilimlitirss, 
l)ai-allel  cuwe  ol'  Cujit. 

iiblo  to  inert  with  sumc- 
■y  we  are  eonliiictl  to  ilic 
ijr  but  the  iimst  (Ircndcil 
only  record  them.    For 
uid  Cheri.kee  eomitrii's. 
<M)in(j  (h)Wii  into  I'loridii 
;  the  Seminoles  had  si m 
vitatioiis  to  the  Indiiiiis  in 
are  told  that  (Jen.  (imiics 
lat  any  oana^  down  iVom 
/  for  theni  to  eiVect  t<\ich  ii 
ilerable  body  of  tluin  was 
icli  the  j)eo\)le  of  ^■t^•\van 
)llovved  them  ahont  three 
>in.     The  final  result  \va., 
f  the  whites  was  woiiiidiMi, 
the  former  beitii,'  satisliiil 

lined  «t  Montgomery,  Ala- 
ijro  of  iieojde,  forced  trom 
if  there  were  not  some  wlin 
h  unwiirnif,Miess  had  hna 
i'sonio  12  or  15"  men  were 
"     One  of  them  was  deter- 
nd,wrenehing  himself  from 
knoeking  tlown  oi"'/vitli  a 
,,ints  an  eseape.    Alas!  ins 
down,  mhI  instantly  exi.ires. 
Mition  is  mado ;  he  dies  inn 
dav  three  had  eseaiied  truni 
-taken,  bronjjht  in  in  a  oart, 
ihcent  liis  own  thnnit, aii4 
sperution  does  this  work  ui 

L  strnck  a  ^mM  sottlnn.i:! 

Ice  Bav,  and  about  40  mi ks 

UnUt'ahouse     Collce... 

U  immediately  lolbweil  b 

',V  and  i>l.mdor,  and  secured 

,ed  back  victorious. 

itb  110  men,  marcned  trom 

,0  had  learned,  were  in  r^- 

rh  to  come  nvo"  tlu'in  muliv 

lians,  that  they  escaped  mil. 

otlu-  hands  of  the  «.u-, 

,n.t  some  of  them  to  dea.l, 

Snipnte  the  small  successol 

melancholy  account  of  ilqw- 

Ps  day,  a^Mr.  HippnhotliH 

I  Cedar  Swa.n,>,  a  distance « 

[irsouse  had  been  attackeJ 


CH*P.  XVIII] 


lUTTI.E  OP  TAN  FEI.ASCO. 


133 


at  (Inyhreak  by  a  party  of  IndiaiiM.  l!o  had  two  men  and  nine  punH,  with 
ivliich  hetore  he  led  they  liad  been  able  to  silence  the  hidiaiis.  A  number 
lit' citizens  iinmiMliately  volimieered,  and  marched  litr  the  scene  of  actimi, 
under  Major  Mart.  They  tbimd  .Mr.  IliKfrinboiliam's  liunily  sail',  and  firin;,' 
liaviiiir  ••eeii  heard  the  nijfht  before  in  the  direction  of  «  Mr.  M'Cormick's, 
they  proceeded  there,  and  loimd  if  had  been  biinil  down;  and  its  ruins  were 
yctHiiiokiiiK.  Amoii,<,'  them  they  found  the  remains  of  a  human  bi'injf.  'I'hirt 
jviiH  IH  miles  from  Jacksiuiville.  'riieiiee  (iillowing  the  hidians'  trail,  they 
iiiiiie  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Lowder,  7  miles  tiu-ther.  It  was  abandoned  by  its 
owners  but  very  recently,  as  fire  was  still  biirnin^r  in  the  kitchen.  Ileretlio 
Imliaiis  had  done  no  miscliiet:  IVoceedinj,'  thence,  the  detachment,  in  four 
miles,  came  to  Mr.  Sparkman's,  where  a  traf^edy  was  opened  to  their  view, 
riipy  found  Mrs.  Johns,  who  had  lived  in  Mr.  M'Cormick's  house,  her  scalp 
taken  otf,  and  (Ireadtiilly  wounded  with  two  bullets;  yet  she  was  alive,  and 
able  to  communicate  the  jmrticiilars  of  the  horrid  trajjedy  throujjh  which  she 
had  jiassed.  Hlie  and  iier  husband  were  about  '20  yards  from  their  own  door 
when  tiiey  discovered  tiie  Indians  emerjrinj.'  from  the  corner  of  a  fence  close 
liytlicm.  They  ran  i'w  the  lioiise,  entered  it,  and  closed  the  door;  at  the 
sinie  niomeiit  the  Indians  tired  on  the  house,  and  shortly  afler  they  hailed  them 
in  Kiiiriish,  and  told  them  if  tiiey  would  come  out  they  should  not  be  hurt. 
They  not  clioosin;,'  to  trust  them,  the  Indians  next  looked  throuffh  between 
the  lojrs  of  the  house,  and  ordered  them,  in  a  peremjitory  manner,  to  come 
out,  iiiit  they  still  retiised,  and  be<j!jed  tor  their  lives.  'The  Indians  then 
ilmnrcd  the  house,  burst  o|>en  the  (loor,  shot  Mr.  Johns  throiijrh  the  head, 
and  Mrs.  Johns  as  belbre  related;  lu;  fell  dead,  and  she  fell  u|ion  his  body. 
An  Indian  then  seized  her,  and  drajrfied  her  out  of  the  Inmse,  and  .soon  ath'r 
(lra!;;,'i'ii  iier  in  a^'ain ;  and  atb>r  feariii<;  the  band  and  comb  from  her  hair, 
a|iplyiiiff  his  scal|)in,i[-knifi'  to  her  head,  and  fire  to  her  <rarments,  letl  her ;  and 
til  make  a  more  sure  mark  of  his  venpeaiice,  he  next  set  fire  to  the  house, 
anil  tlicii  they  all  drew  off.  They  carried  away  a  jmrtmanteau  eonfaininj^ 
lOOdidlars,  and  every  thiii!,'  else  they  thought  of  iiny  value.  As  soon  as  they 
were  out  of  heariiijr,  the  wretched  woman  rai.sed  herself  up  and  cre|)t -i-om 
rhe  iiiiniinnf  buildiiifT ;  saw  the  body  of  her  husband  lyini;  unscalpeil.  She 
liiiiiled  and  tell,  a<(aiii  and  ajjain,  Init  finally  reached  the  edge  of  a  swamp  not 
liir  distiiiit,  where  she  got  some  water,  and  lay  down  with  hopes  no  greater 
than  her  strength.  In  this  situation  she  was  found  by  the  scout  above  men- 
tinned,  and  eventually  recovered. 

On  the  morning  of  the  17  September,  a  ])arty  of  about  100  Indians  came 
within  a  mile  of  Port  Cilleland,  on  tlu?  I'icolata  road,  took  a  cart  from  soiru! 
Hamsters,  and  carried  it  ofl'  a  piece,  then  set  it  on  fire.  Col.  John  Warren 
sallied  out  ti-om  the  tort  with  150  men,  in  the  direction  of  San  Felasco  hom- 
iiioek,  where  he  hud  reason  to  believe  the  Indians  were  posted.  One  hundred 
of  Ills  uwu  wen^  mounted,  and  of  his  iiuiiiIhm'  was  a  company  of  artillery, 
with  a'W  pound  iiowitzer.  lie  could  meet  with  none  of  the  Indians  that  day. 
Harly  the  next  morning  he  sent  out  spies ;  but  they  soon  returned  w  ith  no 
inlelliiipnce  of  the  enemy ;  yet  so  well  convinced  was  he  that  the  Indians 
were  at  I'Vlasco,  tiiat  he  divided  his  men  into  three  columns,  and  marched  on 
in  Older  of  battle.  Wiien  they  came  within  about  three  quarters  of  a  mile  of 
the  lioininock,  they  Ibimd  tiie  Indians  in  their  own  jicuuiliar  order  of  battle  ; 
aial  they  rose  up  and  poured  upon  the  whites  a  sharp  though  not  a  destructive 
lire.  And  we  have  very  seldom  heard  of  so  much  maiuriivring  and  fighting, 
without  greater  exe<'ution,  on  any  former  occasion.  The  battle  having  lasteil 
an  hour  and  a  half,  but  one  of  the  whites  was  killed,  and  four  or  five  wound- 
ed ;  the  Indiatis  lost  none  that  their  enemy  were  certain  of)  though  they  re- 
port tiiat  they  saw  a  great  many  fall.  In  the  first  of  the  onset  the  Indians 
made  an  attempt  to  turn  the  lefl  flank  of  the  Americans,  "  but  were  charged  on 
with  s|)irit  and  success  by  Lient,  Col.  Mills's  command,  and  driven  into  a  thick 
oak  senih,  who  then  dismounting  and  charging  on  them,  drove  through  this  into 
tlie  border  of  the  hommock,  when  the  artillery  played  upon  them  witii  consid- 
erable effect ;  afhir  this  they  retired  to  the  right,  and  attempted  to  turn  that 
wing,  hut  a  charge  from  Capt.  Walker  and  Lieut.  Briiten's  command,  drove 
them  within  the  range  of  liie  artillery  ajfain,  which  opened  upon  them  with 
12 


m 


t; 


■ '}j? 


I'M 


IIAT'ILK  OK  MAN   I'KI.A.srO. 


[ItooR  IV, 


grnit  ••fri'ct."  'riii'jr  iiuul))  wvcriil  (l(h|M'riil«!  uttcin|itH  to  inaintiiin  tlicir  ihinI. 
tiuii,  mill  rliiirunl  iwiiT  mi  llic  iiililliiy,  liiil  wni'  linitcii  oil'  iil  nil  |i<>intH,  unil 
In'^iiii  a  n-lrcat.  'I'licy  wrrn  |iiii'hiii'il  a  iiiilr  anil  a  lialT  iiiio  a  lienor  ||„||,. 
iiMM-k,  ami  thru  nlMiiiiluiiiil.  'I'Iiiih  niilril  llir  lialllr  nl'  Sim  riliipon  ||i,|,|. 
iMiM-k,  as  it  vviiH  riillnl.  'i'lii-  liiiliaiiH  wi  ri'  ii  rkoiinl  at  HOC)  nun.  ScmihI  „f 
till-  otliniH  iiniliT  ('i>l.  Warn-ii  wi-n-  liixlily  riiiiimriiiliil  liir  iluir  l(iii\(i\  |,||,| 
>;<Mnl  riiiiiliift,  in  liin  nllli-ial  airniint  nt' llii'  lialtlr ;  «'i^|»«'<iall>  .\ii|.  <;i||,".|„,||| 
<'a|it.  I).  I». 'roni|ikin^  of  llir  artiliiiy,  ra|its.  Krrktnan,  Walkir,  anil  Wunl' 
liiriitH.  Itniti'O  anil  llinilly. 

Alioiit  this  tiiii)',  till*  iliHtiiifriiiHlit'il  (Vn-k  fliuilH,  I'utidy  <<arr  anil  Jim  Hoy 
arrivi-  in  Florida,  with  DfiU  of  tli«>ii'  wairioiH,  to  aHHint  in  niibdiiiiifr  tin-  Hi-ui'i! 
noli-H. 

On  or  lii'fon;  tli<!  tiH  Hi'|tli-nilM-r,  ahont  r>()  ImliaiiH,  Hiiiiposiil  to  In-  i'riikM 
attai'kril  a  lioiinr,  near  <  hanp!  I'onil,  anil  killril  a  Mr.  I'litrfrrovi'  anil  iiis  ^viil'' 
Shi-  at  llixt  rsni|M'il  from  thr  lioiisr,  hut  thi-y  piirHmil  lii-r,  ovi-rtook  iiml  kilhd 
lirr.  A  .Mr.  liimli'r,  living'  in  tin-  Haiiiii  Iioiihi',  rHra|ii-il  to  a  ponil,  iiml  hy 
hiiryiiij,'  liiniMrlf  alniont  cnliirly  in  wati-r  liir 'il  lioiirn,  thry  Hii|i|n)Hiii  liim  li, 
ho  ilrowmil;  hy  whirii  artiliro  ho  |irrHi'rvnl  his  lili-. 

'I'ho  m-\l  liny,  nami-lv,  Sopti-iiihir  V'iltli,  Col.  Lani'  lamloilat 'rani|iii,  wiili  ,| 
fori-i'  of  whitrs  anil  Irii-nilly  Inilinns,  from  .\|ialai-hirola.  iiniriiiu;  lliiit  ilic 
Iniliaiis  NM'ro  rommittin^  iloprrilations  in  tho  iii'i<;hhorhoiiil,  lir  ninrijinj  jm. 
nu'iliatoiy,  with  fi  monnloil  nun  iiml  100  Imliaiis,  to  hi-at  up  tliiir  iiinnicix 
A  rapiil  march  of  I'i  iiiilos  hi'oimht  thom  to  hiilian  Itivrr,  whirr  ihi'y  iliMiiy. 
rrril  till-  I'lioiny  on  tho  o|ipo.siti-  siilo.  'I'hi'  frii-nilly  Crrt'ks  hail  not  rniiii'  na 
anil  thoiijih  thoni  wrro  ni'ar  '^00  Inilians  to  opposi-  tlii-m,  yot  tiny  riiun^'nl 
lhi>m,anil  li>r  l.'i  ininiitos  tin-  skirmish  was  sharp  ami  ohsliiiatr.  'I'lir  I'i'im|<h 
umlor  iMaj.  Watson,  now  arrivi'il,  ami  thr  Srminolos  hojran  to  ril,i\;  tiny 
howovi'j-,  maintainril  thoir  orilrr  liir  a  niili-  ami  a  liail|  wlun  liny  m  |iiinilii| 
ami  Mril  in  rvory  ilirortion,  ami  ni^hl  I'lnlcil  tlio  pursuit.  'I'iiis  hallli'  \wis  mi 
till*  :iO  of  Soptomhor,  at^i-r  wliii-h  tho  t-olom-l  rotiirnoil  with  his  roniiiiiiiiil  lo 
'I'ampa.  An  art  of  si-lf-ilovoti'ilm'ss  orriirrni  in  this  fi<{ht,  not  of  a  vny  rdin- 
iiion  rliarart«-r  on  rrrord :  A  Mr.  Kolly  wiis  standing  m-ar  Col.  I.ani-,  wiiin  In. 
ohsorvi'il  an  Indian  taking'  ili'lihorati-  aim  at  him  ;  having'  just  ilisrlinr^'cil  iij.s 
own  ^Min,  ho  saw  no  i-hanro  of  saving'  tlii>  liti-  of  his  fomniamlrr,  hut  liv  iv- 
coiviiiK  tho  hall  himsi'lt|  wiiirh  ho  did  h\  instantly  Ihrowin^'  himsi'lf  hitCMrn 
iiiiii  and  tho  Indian.  Kolly  rtroivod  tho  hall  and  toll;  happily  In;  wiis  imt 
mortally  wonndod. 

On  tho  10  of  Ootohor,  Col.  liano  sot  out  on  another  oxpodition  from 'ram- 
pa;  and,  on  tho  I  Itli,  aOor  a  march  of  .'>0  or  liO  milos,  ho  caino  in  lull  yiiw  uf 
Oloklikana,  or  Spotted  Lake,  which  strrti-hid  oil' to  tho  mirth  as  tiir  iis  tlH> 
oyo  could  roach,  dotted  hero  and  tlnic  with  hoaulifully-woodnl  isiamk 
iloro  they  toll  upon  a  frosh  trail,  and  soon  attor  a  viila^'o,  hut  it  was  jiiinn- 
dunod.  in  another  direction  their  trail  led  them  to  a  lord, '^(10  yarils  ovir, 
which  tlioy  passed  hy  wadiiif,'  and  swimmiiif.', — havinfj  lo'ft  their  lioisis  lie- 
Iiinil, — hoyoiid  which  they  camo  to  oxti^nsivo  cornliolds,  some  cattli'  timl 
ponies,  and  a  village ;  hut  no  Indians  yet.  i'assin<r  tlu;  viilap>,  the  tniii  In] 
tu  a  marsh,  near  a  milit  ill  e\tt>nt,  covered  with  solt  mud  and  water;  Imt  it 
was  no  harrier  to  tho  Creeks,  and  they  dashed  into  it  at  once,  and  weii'  liil- 
lowed  hy  tho  whitiis.  They  weri;  olten  waist  hi;;h  in  mud,  from  wliirli  liii\. 
in;;  extricated  themselves,  iiaiml  they  had  reached  a  lino  island,  aiul  tlie  ti;iil 
Ktill  contiimin^  southerly.  Here  wore  a  village,  domestic  animals  ami  iiini- 
Hils,  and  tho  scalps  of  several  white  people.  Not  liu'  from  heme  they  ninir 
to  aiiothi ;-  village,  which,  with  tho  tormor,  contaimul  aliovo  a  hinidred  lioiiso. 
Another  half  mile  hron^ht  them  to  thi;  short;  of  ii  pond,  skirted  with  a  tliick 
Mitriil),  of  near  three  tourths  of  a  mile  in  extimt.  Iloro  tho  Seminoli's  Iiml 
made  ,v  stand,  and  he^aii  tho  attack  hy  a  volley  of  rillishalls.  A  tight,  iiijw 
hof^iin,  w;is  kept  up  tor  about  half  an  hour,  when  a  charge  from  the  Ciccks 
put  them  to  (light,  and  they  were;  soon  covered  hy  a  hommock,  and  wcro 
follow(;d  no  faither.  Jiiit  one  of  the  whites  was  wounded,  and  wlietliiiiiny 
of  tho  Crooks  wvro  killed  or  wounded,  wo  are  not  told  hy  their  wliiti"  ns- 
sociates.  Of  the  loss  of  tho  enemy,  they  of  course  know  nothing,  wliiili 
no  doubt  atiiouii*.od  to  the  sumo.     The  wliitos  destroyed  about  u  liiiiidrcd 


(UooK  IV. 

I  ntainttiiM  tlicir  |mi>.1- 
<ilV  at  all  |><iinlH,  imil 
It'  'mill  a  di'iirx'  liiiiii- 
('  San  I'tlanro  llnin. 
;MH»  null.  S.'Miiil  ..r 
|iii-  tlirir  l)i'MVi'i'\  mill 
icrially  All.!-  <iill'laiiil, 
I,  NValkt  r,  ami  Wunl, 

Illy  Carr  and  Jnn  iluy, 
in  Hnlitlnni^'  tin:  Srnu- 

n^»^n•^<<•«l  ''•  '"■  'riikH, 
I|it('|.(i'()Vi^  anil  Ills  will'. 
icr,  (ivfi'tiiiik  anil  kilinl 
(I'd  to  a  iiond,  iiiiil  liy 
,  tlll>y  Hn|)|ln^«'ll    liilii  III 

ukWmI  at  'riini|ia,  wiliiu 
iMila.     Ilraiini;  tliiit  lint 
ii'lioiid,  III'  inairlinl  iiii- 
K  heal  n|>  lla"'  i|niirlnH. 
isiT,  wlirn-  llii'V  li'iMiiv- 
'iT«'Us  liad  mil  I'lnm'  ii|i, 
til,. Ill,  yi't  llii'V  niL'iiciil 
oltKliniilr.    Till-  Ciriks, 
s  hv<iu\\  III  ri'liix;  llii'V, 
ali;  wlii'ii  lliry  H'lmiiiliii 
mil.     'I'li'iH  I'altlr  wiis  mi 
fd  with  liis  ri)iiiiiiiiiiil  li) 
lifilit,  nut  nf  a  vny  rmii- 
iinir  ("<)1.  I'li'XN  ^^'"'"  '"' 
aviiifr  jiif^l  discliiiiTiil  liis 
is  (•iiiniiianiii'i-,  Inil  In  n- 
iiuwin^'  hiiiiscir  IhUmtii 
Udl;   liajipily  la-  ^^i*** 


nut 


liiT  cxiHMlilinn  1111111  Tniii- 
I,  lie  cami-  in  lull  vi>'w  nl' 
i]  [\\i'  luirtli  aH  liir  us  llm 
|auliliillv-w<i<><l«'<'   i^'»i"'''- 
villtifl""',  but  it  wax  i''"'"- 
III)  a  lord,  'M)  vanls  nvrr, 
viii}?  lol't  ill''""  laaxi*  1"'- 
■iiradds,  Miinr   catllr  anil 
ihv  villa}r<-,  lli«'  trail  M 
ft  mud  and  walrr;  I'Ul  il 
it  at  oiift',  and  "^^^'r*'  '"'• 
in  imid,  rriim  wlmli  lia>- 
a  line  island,  and  tlif  \™\ 
l.nifstir  animals  and  utni- 
iiir  iVoin  licnrc  tlu'V  nuim 
1  aliovci  a  linndiTd  I.i>iih>. 
nond,  skirtrd  xvitli  a  tlmk 
llrrt!  tlio  Scminiili's  Imil 
r  nll..,-lmlls.     A  lifilii,  ""« 
a  cliarsro  Irnni  tia-  \  '•'•l^^ 
l,V  a  liDinmock,  ami  «iiv 
[vnniid(>d,and  wlH'tji;'"") 
,„t  told  l.ytlu'ir  wliit.Mi>- 
l,rs.'.  km^w  notliiiif:,  ^vl"«•l| 
■struycd  ubout  u  \i\wM 


CHAP     XVIII  I 


aOV.  CALL  IN   ro.MMANI). 


i:)5 


rnilli'  mill  Iiokh,  iiiiil  tliry  n-tiiriHul  to  Purt  Dram-,  with  alioiit  UK)  iiion',  (»n 
,!,.■  I!>tli. 

Willi  lliis  cxjicditiiiii  tiTiiiiiiati-d  tlii>  rarrrr  nf  an  artivc  inid  valiiaiili-  otli- 
,.,.r.  (ill.  I. Mill'  roiii|i|ainnl  siniit'  nl'a  liriiin  D'Vit,  and  lirin^  lill  alonr  in  tlio 
tiiil  of  ('ii|il.  (I'liir  liir  a  ti'w  miniitrs,  wiih  liiiind  liv  him, un  his  niiirn,  I'Vpir- 
i,i)>  on  Ills  own  swnrd.  It  was  sii|i|iiisi'il  hr  had  liillcn  on  it  ari'idrnlally,  in 
„  III  iirdi//.ini'ss;  or  Ihal  in  a  iiioniriit  oC  inlrllrrliial  alirrration,  arising;  Irum 
llii'  iiiiliirr  ot'  liiH  illness,  In-  had  liirn  his  own  i-m  riitioni'i'.  This  iM-i-iirrrd 
nil  till'  'llilli,  and  i-a>l  a  drcji  ^lootn  mi  r  llir  w  jiole  army. 

,\  tiu  days  |iri'\ioiiH  to  this,  (iov.  Call  wrnlr  to  the  si'crrtarv  of  war,  in- 
|iiriaia>f  him  lhal  hr  had  takni  the  general  command  in  riorida,  and  lliat 
liiii,  .li'siiji  had,  "with  ^real  ma^'iiiinimily,"  dei-liiii'd  it;  hut  lhal  he  had  jiro- 
|iiis('il  10  serve  under  him  as  a  vohiiiteer  .'^ome  entertained  liii;li  e\|ieela- 
1,1111s  nl  the  |iresent  iirosjieet,  and  others  evjiri'ssed  no  liivoralili'  o|iinioii  of 
till'  ri'siilt  of  (lov.  Calrs  assimijilioii.  lioth  were  nimnion  frratnities;  and  it 
tdiiilii  havt!  Ihhui  HiiiKiilar,  iiid«>cd,  if  neither  hud  liventiiated  in  liivor  of  tlio 
|irii|ilM'l. 

(Ill  the  yHlli,  (Jov.  ('ill!  rommeneed  netive  oneratioiiH.  ll«f  timrelied  from 
ilir  Siiniiee,  at  Old  Town,  with  l,M7.'i  men,  in  hi^'h  hopes  of  speedily  pnHinjf 
•III  mil  III  the  war.  The  rniile  to  l'"ort  Drane  was  taken,  on  wliieh  seven  In- 
(jiiiiis  were  killed.  Whether  they  were  warriors,  old  men,  women,  or  ehil- 
ilriii,  an  menlion  is  made.  'I'liey  reached  l''iirt  Drane,  Oeloher  1st,  where  the 
tins  of  tli(^  Indians  were  still  liiiriiin^.  Had  it  not  lieeii  fiir  a  liiilhliil  spy, 
llsi  KoiA  and  his  IMikasaiikies  would  have  tiillen  into  (lov.  ( 'all's  hands.  Hem 
III' wailed  until  the  evening  of  the  (itii,  to  he  joined  liy  IMaj.  I'ieree,  who  was 
lo  siijiply  him  with  pr<i\isiiins ;  which  he  eili'cted  with  no  ordinary  eOiirts, 
jiiiviii).'  marched  (ili  miles  in  two  days,  vi/.,  iiom  Itlack  Creek. 

Willi  a  sii|»|ily  of  H  days'  rations,  a  move  war>  made  fur  the  "Cove  of  thn 
Onilliliii'iiochee."  On  the  way  they  till  in  with  an  encnnipnieiil  of  i^likasaii- 
kii's,  "killed  Vi  men,  >vh<i  did  not  tire  a  shot,  took  1  women  prisoners,  and  H 
rhililrcii."  From  these  they  learned  that  the  Ne^rro  Town  was  lint  '.\  niilea 
tiliiiM'  llieiii.  ('ol.  (fill  WiiH  des|iatclied  theiici;  with  MOO  Tennessee  miIiiii- 
ti'irs,  on  the  nairning  of  the  l-'it'i,  hut  could  not  reach  the  town  Iroiii  tho 
ilijilli  (if  water  in  the,  creek  helbre  it.  He  accordinj.'ly  returned  with  loss; 
liiivini;  had  11  men  killed,  and  7  wonniled.  Amon^'  tin;  tiiriiier  was  Inilitm 
My, nil  interpreter,  in  much  esteem  hy  the  whiles.  He  was  lirolher-in-law  of 
("iiAiii.Ks  Umathi.a,  of  whose  trajiic  dealli  we  have  heliire  jiiven  an  account. 
Till'  main  hody  murched  to  the  river,  which  was  so  overllowcd  that  its  w  idlli 
was 'i.^O  yards,  and  could  not  he  crossed.  The  Indians  appeared  on  the  op- 
|msiii-  hank,  and  firetl  upon  them,  woimdiiii;  IVIaj.  (Jordon,  though  slif^htly. 
lit  ri'  the  expc'ditioii  was  at  an  end  ;  the  arinv  lieinj^  ohlijrcd  to  retreat  to  Fori 
lliaiii'  for  Miip|ili«^H.  At  (I'M).  (Jaines's  liatlle-^n-oimd  they  fell  in  with  Col. 
Liiiii',  as  he  was  returning;  from  his  ex|iedition,  just  recorded. 

l/itlli'  seems  to  have  lieen  done,  or  attemjited,  alh-r  this,  until  nlioiit  the 
iiiiddic  of  Novemher.  On  the  lltli  of  that  month,  the  army,  consistinjx  of 
!i,IOO  men,  marched  once  more  (i'oni  Fort  Drane  liir  the  Onitlilacoochee.  At 
lliisliiiie  the  river  was  tiiiO  yards  wide;  yet  it  was  passed  on  the  IMth,  thonvdi 
ill  ;'r('at  peril,  finir  of  the  rej.'nlars  laiiiifr  drowned  in  the  way.  The  army  had 
now  arrived  at  the-  "('ove,"  where  Indians  were  expected  tc,  he  ioiiiid  ;  lint 
iKino  were  visible,  and  it  a|»peared  that  tin;  place  had  been  some  time  abaii- 
lioiu'd;  yet  trails  were  discovered,  leadiiiff  into  Ochlawalia  and  the  Wahoo 
Swaiiij).  The  lefl  division,  under  (5en.  Armstroiifr,  met  with  no  opposition  in 
crossiii!;  the  creek  to  tlit;  Nefrro  Town.  It  was  crossed  by  ('ol.  Trawsdale's 
rcfiiiiiciit.  Iiisteiul  of  one  town,  they  (bund  tw(»,  and  burnt  them  both.  Here 
llicy  found  an  old  iiefrro,  who  told  them  llm  Indians  had  irone  to  the  Wahoo 
Swaiiiji.  Me  said,  also,  that  when  tlii^  Tennessee  volunteers  made  an  attempt 
n|i(iii  the  place  the  i»revious  month,  tliey  killed  4«)  Indians.  This  was  no 
(iiMilit  sui({  to  Hatter  their  vanity,  for  we  have  no  necount  that  half  that  niimhi'r 
olfiiins  wee  fin^d  at  that  time. 

(Ji'ti.  Call  now  made  disjiositions  to  pursue  the  Seminoles,  with  certainty 
ot' success.  Col.  I'ieree,  with  '250  re<,'ulars,  the  Creek  Indian  rifjlit,  and  Col. 
Warren's  inoi  iited  men,  w«!r(!  to  j)asH  out  of  the  Cove  by  the  only  praclicablo 
outlet  iu  that  oirectioii,  and,  after  exploring  the  country  south  anil  west  of  the 


fi 

', '., '.  '■ ' 

"■"'i 

Mr.  >M  :,il^ 


/;-?:' •ft 


•fill 

'  t  .,;(„■■  •»>!■■  •'">■:■[ 


136 


BATTLES  OF  THE  VVAHOO  SWAMP. 


[Book  IV, 


river,  to  reunite  with  the  main  army,  about  tiie  19th  or  20th,  near  Dade's  Imt- 
tle-ground ;  the  general,  meanvvliile,  to  niiin-h  Iw  the  river  in  tlu;  direcdon 
of  the  Walioo,  witli  tlie  Tennessee  brigade,  two  rompanies  of  artillery,  uiid 
the  Florida  loot.  Botli  divisions  marclied  on  the  Kith,  (Jn  the  l7tli,'al)oiit 
noon,  a  large  party  of  the  enemy  was  discovered  by  the  main  body,  eneaiii|)(.i| 
near  a  honnnock.  Col.  Bradford,  with  the  1st  regiment  of  Tennessee  vuiun- 
teers,  was  immediately  detached  to  atta(;k  them. 

Although  tlie  Indians  were  sur|)ri8ed,  they  made  good  their  retrmt  to  tlm 
hommock,  und  waited  the  approach  of  the  troops,  wlio,  when  di^nioiiiitiinr' 
received  the  fire  of  tlie  enemy.  They  inunediately  returned  it ;  l,\it  the  U,'. 
dians  stood  their  giuund  until  a  charge  was  made,  which,  as  usual,  put  tiicni 
to  flight.  Tlie\  left  20  of  their  dead,  and  all  their  baggage,  on  the  gnMiiid; 
and,  from  traces  of  blood,  a  liir  greater  nund)er  were  siijiposed  to  lu  ve  iiepn 
carried  off!  The  number  of  Indians  engaged  were  said  to  aniomr.  to  aiioiit 
200.  The  whites  had  two  killed,  and  10  or  12  wounded,  which,  niter  I'cina 
taken  care  of,  the  army  retreated  four  nfiles  to  a  favorable  i!:ne,  und  eif- 
camped. 

On  the  18th,  the  general,  having  left  his  baggage-train  under  a  stroiifr 
guai'd,  marched  again,  with  550  Tennesseeans,  chiefly  foot,  to  tiie  \Vali(iu 
Swamp.  At  about  3  miles  from  their  camp,  they  fell  upon  a  luigo  Iiulian 
trail,  which  led  tSu-ough  two  dense  honnuocks,  and  over  two  creeks,  into  a 
large  field,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  hommocks.  The  eneuiy  were  re- 
treating to  gain  securer  positions  whence  to  begin  the  attack,  leaving  ilnji- 
houses  in  flames  ;  at  length,  making  a  stand,  the  whites  immediately  tbniK d 
their  line  of  attack.  The  foot,  under  Col.  Trawsdale,  were  formed  in  ii|ii  u 
order  to  charge  into  the  hommock,  while  the  horsemen,  to  the  right  ami  lin, 
were  thrown  back  to  |)rotect  the  flank,  rnd  to  act  as  a  corps  of  reserve.  Tlic 
columns  had  not  received  the  word  to  i  dvance,  when  a  tremendoiK*  tire  Uis 
opened  upon  them,  along  their  whole  front,  from  a  hommock.  They  Wjivm 
slowly  to  advance,  exchanging  shot.'-'  ,t  short  intervals.  The  order  heini; 
given  to  charge,  it  was  obeyed  wit!<  iinpetuosity ;  but  the  Indians  did  not 
break  and  fly  as  in  times  past;  they  stood  and  fought  hand  to  hand,  rxcliau- 
ging  life  for  life, — whih  iit  the  same  time  their  wings  attacked  both  tlaiiks  of 
the  army,  and  a  stnall  lody  of  about  50  fell  boldly  on  its  rear.  The  hattle 
had  raged  nearly  half  an  hour,  when  a  general  charge  broke  and  di.xjierscd 
them  in  e"ery  direction,  leaving  25  of  their  numler  dead  on  the  field ;  wliile 
the  whites  liad  but  three  killed  and  18  wounded.  COO  Seminoles  were  said 
to  have  been  engaged  in  this  battle.  The  hour  being  late,  and  the  men  unuli 
exhausted,  the  army  retreated  to  'ts  appointed  place  for  the  meetuig  of  Col. 
Pierce,  near  Dade's  battle-ground. 

On  the  21st,  the  army  marched,  in  three  columns,  into  the  swainj),  the 
Tennesseeans  and  i  ^gulars,  and  Col.  Warren's  moimted  men  on  the  risrlit. 
the  centre  under  Col.  Pierce,  and  the  Creek  regiment  on  the  lef\.  Wlicu 
they  came  to  the  battle-ground  of  the  18th,  they  found  it  hi  jjossession  of  tlic 
Lidians.  As  the  Tennesseeans  and  regulars  advanced,  a  heavy  fire  was 
opened  upon  them,  and  they  did  not  answer  it  until  they  got  into  die  midst 
of  the  Indians;  then  charging  tiiem,  they  gave  way  and  retreated. 

As  soon  as  the  direction  of  their  retreat  was  observed  by  a  party  in  reserve, 
Col.  Pierce,  with  his  division,  and  the  Crerk  Indians,  were  onlercd  to  iiuisiio; 
and  soon  after.  Col.  Trawsdale  with  his  .•  .inient,  and  Col.  Warren  witii  the 
Florida  horsemon,  were  sent  to  support  ttiem.  Unfortunately,  the  jrieattr 
part  of  the  regulars  and  Tennesseeans,  by  taking  a  trail  to  the  right,  l>e(aiiic 
involved  in  an  almost  impassable  morass,  where  no  horse  could  move,  nml 
where  the  nun  were  obliged  to  wade  waist-deep  in  mud  and  water.  A  s-iniiii 
number  of  Creek  warriors  on  the  left,  led  by  Col.  Brown,  taking  a  better  jiath, 
followed  closely  u|)on  the  enemy,  and  found  them  strongly  posted  in  a  cy|in'ss 
swanij).  The  Creeks  charged  them  with  great  spirit,  ant'  their  gallant  leader, 
Major  Moniac,  was  killed,  as  also  wcve  several  other  Creek  warriors.  It 
was  soon  discovered  that  this  party  would  be  overpowered,  and  the  strii^'iile 
was  momentarily  becoming  more  and  more  desperate,  when  two  coni|miiies 
of  Florida  militia  under  Capt.  (irov(!s  miuI  Lieut.  Myrick,  three  eoiii|)anios  of 
artillery  under  Maj.  Gardner,  Capts.  Tompkins,  Porter,  and  Lee,  and  Col. 
Waire  witli  liis  mounted  men,  coming  successively  into  action,  en^b'"''  *'" 


i 


[Book  IV. 

near  Dade's  Imt- 
in  tlic  iliicction 
i  of  iirtillcrv,  uml 
II  tlio  I7tli,  almiit 
I  body,  <MR'!ini|)('d 
reiinessL'e  voluii- 

iieir  retreat  to  tlie 
hen  dWmoiiiitiiiir. 
!d  it ;  L'lt  tlif  111- 
18  usual,  i)Ut  llu'in 
3,  on  the  }ini\iu(l; 
B8ed  to  ht  ve  hcpii 
0  anioiui'.  to  iilmiit 
which,  r.lUT  1>(  iiijf 
ible  site,  uiid  eu- 

n  under  a  stron;; 
lOt,  to  the  Walido 
[)oii  a  large  liuliaii 
two  creeks,  into  a 
le  enemy  weit'  ip- 
ttack,  .'eavinjr  ilicii- 
miiiediately  Ibniicd 
re  ibrnied  in  o|i('ii 
3  the  rii:lit  and  Id!, 
[)8  of  reserve.  The 
reniendons  tire  vi:s 
nock.  Tliey  hepui 
The  order  beiiij! 
he  Indians  did  not 
id  to  hand,  ( xiliau- 
cked  both  thuiks  of 
8  rear.  The  battle 
iroke  and  disjierscd 
ou  the  tielil ;  wliile 
eniinoles  were  hw\ 
I.  and  the  men  iiitali 
the  meeting  of  t'ol. 

|ito  the  swanij),  the 

men  on  the  riirlit, 

Ion  the  let\.    ^VIlen 

liii  possession  of  the 

],  a  heavy  lire  \\iis 

got  into  the  midst 

jtreated. 

[y  a  jiarty  in  rcscivc, 
,  ordered  to  iiuisiic; 
bl.  Warren  witli  \\k 
iinatelv,  the  givatif 
[to  the' right,  became 
•sc  could  move,  and 
and  water.    A  (^iimll 
Itaking  a  better  jiatli, 
^  posted  in  a  cvjiivi^s 
their  gallant  leader, 
Creek  warriors.    U 
fed,  an«l  the  strii.'!.'le 
hen  two  comimiiiis 
three  companic!*  ot 
and  Lee,  and  Col. 
action,  eu'-b''^'' ♦'" 


Chap.  XIX.] 


GEN.  JESUP  AT  THE  WAHOO. 


137 


Creeks  to  maintain  their  ground.  Still  the  fight  was  animated ;  and  it  was 
not  until  nearly  all  the  force  of  the  whites  was  brought  to  bear  on  this  point, 
tiiatllic  Indians  could  be  dislodged.  Then  it  would  s(  om  they  retired  more 
to  give  their  adversary  a  chance  to  retreat,  than  because  they  were  beaten 
themselves.  Thus  ended  the  second  battle  of  tlie  Wahoo  Swamp,  in  which 
i'l  of  Gen.  Call's  army  were  killed  and  wounded,  nine  being  of  the  former 
nuiiilter.  The  Indians  left  10  on  the  field;  but  the  whites  said  they  lost  " 50 
at  least." 

The  army  having  consumed  all  their  provisions,  and  being  very  severely 
IiiukIIciI,  was  glud  to  make  t'.ie  best  of  its  way  out  of  this  hostile  i  ^^gion ;  it 
accordingly  returned  to  its  'ate  encampment  at  10  o'clock  at  nigNt,  und  the 
next  day  marched  for  Volusia. 

Where  Gen.  Jesup  was,  or  what  service  he  was  rendering  at  this  period, 
and  for  some  time  previous,  I  am  uninformed ;  but,  on  the  ^4  November,  he 
arrived  at  Volusia,  with  400  mounted  Alabama  volunteers.  He  came  late 
troin  Tampa,  and  on  the  way  had  taken  33  negroes,  the  former  propei-ty  of 
Col.  Rees,  of  Spring  Garden,  whence  they  had  been  earned  ott'  by  the  Semi- 
noles.  Here  Gen.  Jesup  received  orders  from  the  secretary  of  war,  again  to 
reiiiime  the  command  of  the  army  of  Florida.  Gov.  Call  had  jiretty  conti- 
(leiitly  asserted  that,  in  the  campaign  now  just  concluded,  he  should  be  able 
to  tiiiish  the  war;  but  he  had  only  showed  the  Seminoles  that  some  of  his 
men  could  fight  as  well  as  Indians,  and  that  others  could  turn  their  backs 
witii  equal  dexterity.  On  the  whole,  if  the  Indians  had  been  one  to  a  thou- 
sand against  the  Americans,  it  would  be  no  very  difficult  question  to  settle, 
which  would  be  sent  beyond  die  Mississippi.  When,  in  October,  the  Creek 
de|iiitation  visited  them,  to  persuade  them  to  submit  to  terms,  Osceola  as- 
sured them  with  firmness,  that  "  the  Seminoles  would  never  yield — never,  he 
fiiid;  the  land  is  oiu's;  we  will  fight  and  die  upon  it."  The  Chief  Harjo  was 
attliL  head  of  the  peace  deputation  of  Creeks,  and  he  found  Osceola  in  a  great 
swamp,  on  the  Ouithlacoochee,  having  then  with  him  about  3,500  peoj)le. 

Notwithstanding  the  severe  blows  which  Osceola  1  (1  had  in  the  Wulioo 
Swaiiip,  it  yet  remained  the  Narraganset  of  Florida  ,  ad  such  were  the  ac- 
counts from  thence,  that  Gen.  Jesup  determined  to  proceed  there  with  a 
larire  force.  Accordingly,  with  ten  days'  provision,  he  marched  on  the  12 
of  December  for  that  point ;  but,  on  reaching  it,  no  Indians  were  found.  On 
ihc  17th,  he  marched  for  Tampa,  tukinj  the  course  of  the  Ouithlacoochee  in 
liis  route ;  and  Col.  Foster  pursued  a  parallel  couree  ou  the  other  side  ol'  the 
saini'  river  ;  a  single  Indian  was  the  result  of  all  this  business ;  yet  no  blame 
fan  he  attached  to  those  who  performed  it,  for  what  can  men  do  where  there 
i«  nothing  to  be  done  ?  Something  like  calculation  can  lie  made  in  marching 
asiinst  men  in  a  Ibrt  or  city;  but  where  it  is  known  that  a  people  remove 
iheir  cities  and  foits  us  easy  as  themselves,  quite  a  different  calculation  is 
rf(|nired.  Cu?sar  never  fought  Inditms,  or  he  would  have  reversed  his  cele- 
brated saying,  "  'Tis  easier  to  foil  than  find  them." 


ifiies- 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

EVENTS    OF    THE    WAR    DURINO    THE    YEAR    1837. 

Eipfdition  to  Jthnjwpku — Osucukf.  killril — Jrsiip  parleys  with  the  chiefs — Col.  Hen- 
dcrsiin's  Expedition — Batti.k  ok  Lakf.  Monkok. —  Treaty  of  Fort  Dnilc — I'liob- 
sirred — Osceola  at  Fort  Mellon — A'nmlirr.s  of  the  Seniiiioles — Siiddni  abduitioii  if 
cmiirrants — Jesup  requests  hi  lie  relieved  from  comma iid — Western  Ind'ans  n/inlied 
lo—Gcn.  Hernandez's  Exp'dition — Capture  of  Kin<r  Ph'lip — Surprise  of  the 
Vrliees — Surreniier  of  chiefs — Mediation  if  Ross — Capture  of  Osceola  and  others — 
I'iew  of  the  affair— Vfii.D  Cat's  escape — Batti.f,  of  Okkchobi^e. 

With  this  chapter  we  liegin  the  events  of  the  year  1837.     On  tlie  22  of 
Janiiiiry,  Gen.  Jesup  put  the  main  body  of  the  army  in  motion,  with  tiic  view 
12* 


izm 


'■I 


'iMl 


.'■^p 


•V'-i 


lit' 
m 


Mtv 


IL 


138 


BATTLE  OF  IIATCIIEK-I.USTEE. 


[Book  IV. 


of  nttnckiug  another  strong-hold  of  tho  Iiiilioiis.  whicti  Jic  had  lenrucd  wn 
upon  tlio  lieud  waters  of  the  Oklawuhiu  The  next  «hiy  lie  dutiicluMl  Lie  * 
Col.  Cawlfield  witii  liis  mounted  liattaiion  of  Alabama  vohinteern,  Cupt.  \\i^r 
ris'H  company  of  marines,  and  Maj.  Morris's  Indian  warriors,  with  Iii.s  own  aid 
Lieut  Chambers,  to  attack  Ohuchfe,  commonly  called  tiie  ("liief  C'oowr' 
whose  rcmlezvous  was  then  on  the  borders  of  ^\Jiapopka  Lake.  OisuchtJ 
was  surprised,  and,  with  3  of  his  wiuriors,  killed  ;  nine  women  and  cliildr,!) 
and  8  nej?ro»^s  taken.  The  whites  lost  one  Indian,  who  was  mortally  woiiiul^ 
cd.  From  tho  captured  it  was  discovered  that  the  niuiij  body  ol"  the  tit'iiiil 
noles  had  gone  southward. 

Pursuit  was  innncdiately  made,  and,  on  t'  :'  24th,  the  army  passed  a  niL'jrcd 
range  of  mountains,  hith<-rto  unknown  to  tlio  whites,  called,  by  the  huljaiw 
ThlatJiatkee,  or  White  Mountains.  On  the  y7th,  the  Indians  were  discoviind 
on  the  llatchee-Lustee,  in  aiul  about  the  "Great  Cypress  Swamp;"  and  „ 
successfid  charge  was  made  upon  them  by  Lieut,  Ciiand)ers,  with  I'lin's 
company  of  Alabama  volunteers,  by  which  "25  Indians  and  negroes,  und  t|it;ii- 
horses  and  baggage,  were  taken.  The  captured  were  chiefly  women  and 
chihiren.  Col.  llend^rson  pursued  the  fugitive  warriors  into  a  svvanm,  ai  d 
across  tho  Ilatchee-Lustec  Kiver,  and  thence  into  a  more  extensive  swumi) 
where  they  couhl  not  be  ])ursued  without  great  difticulty  and  more  umi 
Meanwhile,  a  messenger  had  been  sent  to  the  general,  but  he  was  killed  in  die 
way ;  mid  it  was  not  till  another  had  betui  sent,  that  he  was  iufornied  iiow 
matters  were  jirogressing  with  Col.  Henderson. 

Gen.  Jesup  sent  a  prisoner  to  Jumi'kk,  on  the  morning  of  the  28tli,  cndouv- 
oring  to  get  a  parley,  while  he  moved  on  mid  took  a  position  at  Lake  Tuiio- 

1)ikalega,  within  a  tew  miles  of  where  it  is  apiiroached  by  the  Cypress  Swanii). 
lere  he  took  some  hundred  head  of  cattle.  The  prisoner  sent  out  to  Jinnper 
returned  the  next  day,  bringing  favorable  talks  ii'om  Alligator  and  Aliraiiam- 
und  two  days  after,  January  :ilst,  Abraham  visited  the  general  in  his  ('anip ; 
immediately  afler,  he  returned  to  the  Indians,  and  cm  the  3  February,  biuuL'lit 
along  with  him  Juniper  und  Alligator,  with  two  sub-chiefs,  one  a  nephew  uf 
Micanopy.  These  chiefs  agreed  to  meet  the  general  at  Fort  Dade,  with  oiiier 
.chiefs,  on  the  18th  following.  Jumper  and  Alligator,  it  is  said,  are  ainung 
tlie  bust  of  the  descendants  of  the  Yamussees. 

To  leturn  to  Col.  Henderson.  On  receipt  of  his  message.  Gen.  Jesnp  or- 
dered  the  disposable  force  of  CJen.  Armisteud's  brigade,  Maj.  Gorhain's  inliiu- 
ti'y,  and  Tustenugge  IIujo's  Indian  warriors,  to  move  on  to  his  support.  Thev 
soon  ciptured  two  Indian  women,  and  several  negroes,  in  a  pine  wood,  over 
a  hui'.dred  ponies,  some  plunder,  and  several  fire-arms.  The  main  foicc  of 
the  Indians  had  fled ;  but  not  having  much  tim"  in  advance,  were  suon  over- 
taken by  Maj.  Morris  on  the  border  of  a  considerable  stream,  20  or  i^f)  yards 
wide,  in  the  midst  of  a  swamp.  The  Indians  were  in  possession  of  the  oppo- 
site side,  and  when  the  warriors  came  up,  they  were  fired  upon,  and  a  con- 
siderable skirmish  ensued.  The  creek  was  difHciilt  to  fiird,  and  the  hidiuii^ 
had  passed  it  by  two  trees  felled  from  the  opposite  banks.  Tli»'se  afl()rdiil a 
sure  mark  lor  the  Indians'  rifles,  a  very  few  of  which  could  stand  affuiiisit 
many;  but  the  whites  and  their  Indian  allies,  being  much  the  more  ininicr- 
ous,  were  able  to  extend  themselves  up  and  <lown  the  stream,  by  which  {\k. 
play  the  Indians  were  exposed  to  a  cross  tire,  and  soon  began  to  abandon 
their  position.     The  order  being  now  given  to  cross  the  creek,  Capt.  Morris 

i major  of  the  1st  Indian  battalion)  was  the  first  to  advance  on  the  lo}f,  t'ol. 
owed  by  Lieuts.  Searle  and  Chaml)ers,  and  Capt.  Ihu'ris;  Lieut.  Lee  swim- 
ming over  at  the  same  time.  These  officers  led  the  van  througiiuut  tliis  ex- 
pedition, and  are  mentioned  with  high  encomiums  on  their  condu(;t.  Haviiijr 
all  crossed  tlu^  creek,  the  Indians  made  several  stands  against  them,  but  wen; 
forced  to  fly  after  a  few  fires.  They  were  followed  for  a  mill!  or  two,  ami 
then  the  pursuit  was  given  up  ;  the  detachments  returning  late  at  night  to  the 
camp  of  the  main  army.  The  result  of  this  affair  was  the  capture  of  'J8  nc- 
groes,  ond  Indian  women  and  children.  How  many  warriors  were  killed,  no 
certain  information  could  i»e  given  ;  but  some  two  or  three  they  w'Wi  i.tin? 
dead,  us  they  miu'cbed  along.  Of  the  whites,  one  was  killed  at  the  passage 
of  the  creek  in  the  swamp,  and  three  wounded  and  in  the  pursuit  uiiotber 
was  killed.    Thus  ended  the  affairs  of  one  day,  uuinely,  January  the  27tli. 


ivvuiui)  •,"  mul  a 


CiUP.  XIX.] 


BATTLE  OF  LAKE  MONROE. 


139 


The  next  nflliir  of  importmico,  wliicli  tnuiHpirod  in  Floiiilu,  was  tlio  buttle 
of  Lnkc  Monroe.  lirevet  Col.  A.  (-.  VV.  Fanning  liiul  \hvm  MtationctI  ut  tliut 
nliice,  un»l  liis  cuinp  tliere  l)ore  tlie  imnio  of  the  lake.  Early  on  the  nioinin<'- 
oltlit)  8  Fehniary,  IKJ7,  ahont  'MO  Seniinoles  commenced  fnin},' n|ion  (Jof. 
Fiuuiirifl's  camp  with  great  spirit.  Their  right  rested  on  the  lake  ahove  tlie 
furt;  their  tell  on  the  shore  helovv,  and  another  line  extetided  aronnd  ihoir 
trout.  They  were  taken  rather  hy  snrprise,  many  of  wiiom,  being  new  recrnits, 
scarcely  knew  wliat  they  were  about ;  bnt  afler  wasting  u  good  share  of  their 
aiiiiiuuiition,  luniig  bent  on  making  a  noise  by  some  means,  tlasy  were  got  un- 
Jcr  some  sort  of  regnlar  modus  opcmndi,  and  the  action  became  shiu'p.  Mean- 
wliile,  Lient.  ThoniaH  recciivtul  orders  to  man  a  steajiiboat,  lying  in  the  lak(5 
iimlcr  cover  of  the  fort,  and  to  serve  a  six-|)onnder,  whicli  was  on  board  of 
licr,  upon  the  right  of  the  Indians.  This  he  was  enableu  i>  effect,  and  they 
Hire  immediately  driven  fiom  that  position ;  but  they  imng  upon  die  right 
1,11(1  front  for  near  tin-ee  hours,  belbre  tley  would  give  up  the  contest.  Tlic 
hriivi!  Cnpt.  Mellon  was  killed  near  the  I  eginning  of  the  fight,  and  L5  others 
(vire  woimd«!d,  some  mortally.  1'auuy  C  ark  was  lusre  with  liis  Creeks,  and 
Hus among  the  fbreiuost  in  all  clanger ;  and  ('ol.  Faiming  gives  the  names  of 
nwiiv  iif  his  officers  who  distinguished  th(!ms»!lv(!S. 

Thus,  only  ten  days  belbre  tin;  time  assigned  to  treat  with  Gen.  Jesiip,  did 
the  Si'Miinoles  give  a  d(;nionstration  of  the  value  they  set  upon  a  |)e!i(;e  witli 
ihe  whites;  but,  perha|)s,  the  party  which  attacked  Col.  Fanning  were  unac- 
i|iiaiiited  with  the  arrangement.  However,  through  t!ie  nxuliation  of  the 
Cneks,  the  geni^ral  got  a  hearing  with  IIoi.atooliikk,  nephew  of  Micanopy, 
JiMPKR,  Abraham,  Little  Ci.oui),  and  several  tubers,  at  Fort  Dade;,  on  iho 
,')  March.  Micanopy  sent  as  oxcuse  for  his  non-a|)()earunce,  that  he  was  old 
;ui(l  infirm.  Jumper  was  in<|uired  of  respecting  the  time  the  Indians  would 
Iff  reiuly  to  remove,  and  from  his  answer,  all  the  world,  if  they  had  lieani  it, 
iiiijrlit  have  known  that  all  the  Indians  were  afler,  was  to  gain  time ;  for  he 
replied,  that  they  could  not  be  ready  till  fall.  The  gen(!rul  as  promptly  re- 
plied, tliat  "  that  was  out  of  the  question,"  insimiating  also,  tliat  if  they  wished 
t(i  (.'aiii  tinie  by  such  a  manceuvre,  they  were  mistjdttiu.  Jinnper  showed 
wiiic  iiulignutiou  ut  being  thus  suspected,  and  uiler  considerable  other  talk, 
the  council  wus  udjom-ned  to  the  next  duy. 

Accordingly,  they  met  again  on  the  Gtli,  with  augmented  nund)ers  on  the 
part  of  the  Indians ;  among  whom  w(!re  representatives  of  Alligator,  Coa- 
fhoclioc  or  Wild  Cat,  (Philip's  son,)  his  nephew,  un<l  I'euse  Creek  John,  and 
a  treaty  was  drawn  u|)  and  signed.  It  purported,  that  hostilities  should 
iMiu  that  time  cease ;  all  the  Seniinoles  to  remove  immediately  beyond  the 
Missis,sii»i)i ;  to  give  hostages  to  siicure  its  observance  ;  all  the  Indians  to  go 
iiiiiiiediately  south  of  the  llillsborough  ;  Micanopy  to  l)e  one  of  the  hostages ; 
ami,  hy  the  10  April,  all  were  to  be  ready  to  remove.  To  these  articles  four 
cliicfs  put  their  murks,  with  Gen.  Jesup ;  and  we  shuU  see  bow  they  were  ob- 
sicrved. 

To  keep  up  the  deception,  and  make  sure  of  the  promised  rations,  tin;  In- 
(iifiiis  began  to  frecpieiit  the  general's  «;amp,  as  though  in  good  earnest  to 
lliltil  the  treaty.  By  the  5i(>  March,  there  were  there,  or  bad  been  there,  the 
rhiels,  Yaholooclne,  (Cloud,)  Jumper,  Abraham,  and  Tigertail;  und  the 
priiici|)ul  chiefs  on  the  St.  John's,  Tuskinnia  and  Emuthia,  (Philip,)  had  sent 
word  that  they  would  emigrate  if  Micanopy  said  so,  and  Abiaca  (Sam  Jones) 
liud  been  invited  by  Philip  to  go  to  Micanopy  to  arrange  for  u  removal.  Abi- 
aca being  chief  of  the  Mikusaukies,  his  uccpiiescence  was  thought  of  no  little 
consequence.  About  this  time,  it  was  reported  that  Yaholooclne  wus  com- 
mander-in-chief at  the  buttle  of  the  Walioo  Swamp,  and  that  Osceola  had 
been  deijosed  for  (cowardice  in  that  action,  Ou  the  18  March,  Micanopy 
signed  u  written  acknowledgment  of,  an«l  accpiiescence  in,  the  trtiaty  of  the 
(ilii ;  and  Gtsn.  Jesup  seemed  (piite  sure  the  war  was  ut  an  end.  Neverthe- 
less, about  this  time  a  circunistunco  occurred  which  much  ulurmed  the  In- 
dians, anil  whether  feigne<l  or  real,  answiM'ed  the  same  end.  A  report  was 
circulated  among  them,  that  us  soon  as  Gen.  Jesu|)  had  got  a  sufficient  mnn- 
ber  into  his  power,  he  would  liandciiff  und  ship  them  for  Arkunsas.  Thus 
matters  were  retarded  and  moved  slow.    And,  besides,  Philip,  chief  of  the 


,^^M^ 


If  tJ  •■>,■ 


•♦!■    i'    iti.  ft' t  ISCaBili 


140  OSCrxiLA  BREAKS   UP  GEN.  JESUP'S   PROSPECTS.     [n„oK  iv 

Toliopkolikios,  ha  i  bejftin  to  kIiow  liiin.s<-lf  ugaiii,  and  reiiiaiiirt]  in  lii.s  stionir. 
hold  with  400  niuii.  Tliis  niurli  IcsstwuMi  tlu;  confulcnc*!  ol"  tlie  goiicn,),  iiiui 
Jio  begun  to  make  prcpiu-ations  I'ur  aggressions.  Murders  were  also  uliiiosi 
daily  conirnitttMl  in  sonu;  direction. 

However,  by  the  1  May,  (Jsceolu*  hud  coinc!  in  to  Fort  Mellon,  Lake  Mon- 
roe;  and,  by  the  8tli  of  that  month,  there  w«!re  assembled  there,  and  ju  ii,,' 
innnediate  neighborliood,  not  less  thun  ;j,.'K)0  men,  women,  and  ehildivn.  hi 
whom  about  1,000  rations  had  been  issued.  Many,  if  not  all  the  cirnl.s,  l,;,,! 
liberty  to  eome  an«l  go  as  tliey  pleased,  and  this  eould  not  be  objected  to;  j,, 
the  lirst  place,  because  they  were  to  bring  in  their  people,  und  horses  an,! 
cuttle,  to  be  reu«ly  to  remove ;  und,  in  the  next  pluee,  hud  an  attempt  l)(.,.|, 
made  tt»  detain  tliem,  all  tliut  eould  would  have  run  uwuy,  and  it  Wdnid  liavr 
been  very  ditiieult  ever  to  have  got  them  ugain.  Hence,  in  this  view  nl  tlir 
matter, — und  we  can  tuke  no  other  of  it, — a  dill'erent  course  would  have  led  .,[ 
once  to  u  ruin  of  whut  ui)peured  to  huve  l»een  so  well  begun  ;  wlierciis  liy 
that  adopted,  there  was  some  prosj)ect  g<"  success.  Then'fore,  it  is  plain  tliat 
tliose  who  couflenui  (jien.  Jesup  for  his  policy,  siwuk  unadvisedly. 

While  the  Indians  were  ut  Fort  JMellon,  nnich  inlbrmution  was  gatlKn.,] 
from  them,  relative  to  their  numbers  and  condition.  Maj.  (ilar<lner  said  Im> 
was  ass>u'«'d  there  were  2,500  Seminoles  then  able  to  beur  urms,  and  Col 
Harney's  intbrmation  confirmed  ihut  con(;lusion. 

All  tilings  seemed  to  ]n'omise  success  to  Gen.  Jesuj)'s  eflbrts,  and  hr 
becume  by  the  end  of  May  quite  contident  that  the  war  was  at  an  vmi, 
Osceola  had  slept  in  the  tent  ol"  Col.  Harney,  und  grcut  conlidencci  sccnisio 
hav»!  taken  the  place  of  mutual  distrust.  TIk;  generul  felt  quitt;  assured  that 
Osceola  would  be  of  great  .service  in  bringing  Mi  bis  countrymen,  and  licton; 
the  middle  of  May  lie  had  lying  at  Tainpu  24  transjiorts  to  tuke  oti'  tlic 
Indians;  but  to  his  great  u.stonishmeiit,  on  the  morning  of  the  2d  of  Junr 
he  Ibund  tliut  neurly  ail  of  them  had  fled  into  their  own  wilds  and  fiistntsscs! 
And  thus  the  edifice  tliut  hud  been  so  long  in  building  hud  been  .swept  awav 
in  one  night.  Oscj'olu  hud  been  some  time  absent,  und  had  returned  witii 
200  Mikusaukies,  ami  compelled  such  as  were  not  willing  to  leave,  to  ftooil' 
with  him.  Micunopy  suid  he  hud  agreed  to  emigrate,  and  would  do  so,  and 
b<ung  told  tliut  he  might  choose  between  compliance  and  deutli,  he  said, "Kill 
nie  here  then — kill  me  (piickly,"  but  he  whs  forced  ujion  his  horse  und  diivcu 
ofl'.     Jiim|)er  hud  sold  all  of  his  horses,  und  was  forced  to  march  on  tiiut. 

Thus  stood  the  affairs  of  Florida  in  the  beginning  of  June,  1K17.  The 
Indians  were  sure  of  a  truce  till  fidl,  when  they  would  be  uguin  in  a  coiidiimii 
to  fight  with  u  better  pri,L,pect  of  success  thun  ever.  Muny  of  the  li)r(( s  of 
tlie  whites  hud  gone  home,  und  muny  were  quite  us  incflicient  as  tlioiijrli  tlicv 
were  there  aKso;  as  sickness  had  begun  to  prevail,  und  terror  and  disniiiy 
were  liist  spreading  in  every  «lirection  of  that  ill-fiiteil  land.  The  generjil  had 
done  every  thing  be  could  <lo,  or  tliut  uny  other  muii  in  like  circuiiistaiuis 
could  have  done,  but  thut  did  not  suve  him  from  slujiderous  tongues;  and  on 
the  5th  of  the  suine  month  he  wrote  to  the  secretary  of  war,  recpiestiiiff  to  be 
relieved  from  the  command  in  F'loridu ;  but  his  recpiest  wus  not  granted. 

An  account  of  the  stiite  of  ufluirs  in  Floridu  huving  reuched  Wasliinfrtoii, 
the  secretury  of  war,  on  the  22d  of  July,  issued  orders  for  enlisting  the  wcsttiii 
Indians  to  Hght  the  Seminoles ;  namely,  400  Shuwunese,  200  Delawaros  vm\ 
100  Kikupoos,  which  were  soon  uf\er  carried  into  efiect;  und  in  Wepttinhci 
following,  there  hud  urrived  in  Floridu  upwards  of  1,000  southern  und  wcsttrn 
Indiuns,  prepared  to  uct  in  conjunction  with  their  white  allies  ugain.st  the 
Seminoles. 

The  first  uf!iiir  of  importnnce  in  the  full  cumpnign  of  18.'{7,  was  tlic  c\|ip- 
dition  to  Dunluwton,  Tomoka,  und  the  lichees,  iiiuler  Gen.  Hernunde/  That 
officer  was  ut  Fort  Peyton,  seven  miles  south  of  St.  Augustine,  on  the  4tli  ot' 
gcptember,  when  four  negroes,  which  hud  belonged  to  Mujor  Heriot,  niiiie 
in  und  delivered  themselves  up,  und  informed  tliut  muny  Indiuns  wi  rt-    n- 

S:aged  south  of  Tomoka,  and  east  of  the  St  John's,  preparing  cooiiti,  (zamhi.) 
'reparations  were  immediately  made  tor  un  expedition  in  thut  direction,  und 


Somo  wrote  Os-sin-yah-holo,  others  Assinyohola,  but  Osceola  his  obtained. 


CHAf.  XIX] 

J  force  ninrcl 
leered  to  tuke 
same  evening 
llie  8tli,  at  dayl 
to  the  same  m 
indiuii  negro, 
ari'oiiiit  of  an 
I'imli'.    Spies 
iliiiv  was  an  ei 
III  JM'at  up,  aiK 
piL^e,  iiiid  at  mi 
ilii'  whole  part; 
Niiiic  \V(!re  kiili 
at  this  capture, 
liad  laid  waste  t 
JkIiii,  and  sever 
On  evuininin^ 
from  tlienee  wa.> 
i'liilip  coiifinne( 
prise  this  encan 
tiirafriiide,  and 
Olio  innii,  who  t 
Icliecs  eiitindy 
LiiMit.  iM'Neill,  u 
woiiiuled,  and  l(i 
lure  was  viewed 
(liiriii!;  the  exped 
Bi'liire  the  mo 
Dunluwton)  came 
mre  no  sooner  c( 
l\e  have  no  othei 
jiicli  a  step,  take 
were  di^tennined 
liivp  been  an  ear 
jTiiekehatclio  i " 
Bonr  a  year  ago,  c; 
tiiere  urrived  at  1 
and  lloiiese  Tusti 
I'oiiratrenient  to  th 
a  sliort  time. 
On  the  20th  of 
iKim  Tampa  to  Fo 
a  proiniiieiit  chiel 
clur.asiih-ohiet;  i 
At  the  same  tinn 
i-iiiet'  of  the  Cliero 
in  "liicii  lie  ardent 
upon  liieni  tho  nc( 
Uler  iiiipnicticahili 
Tliis  Mr.  Ross  inn 
Jwksnn,  and  four 
f'lnrida.    It  was   a 
'  "wida,  and  other 
alias  Joii.v  KosH,  ui 
This  deputation  t 
•*ani  .loiics,  at  the 
I  li'wlly  settled,  hut  / 
»i)idd  not  ii.se  hitu 
»li's  imd  j'let  with 
ili'ir  |)iincipal  men 
I  «a.s  Osceola  him.scdf 
About  tlie  18  Oc 


CHAP.  XIX.] 


ROSS'S   MEniATION. 


141 


g  force  iiinrclicd  from  tlicnro  on  tho  7tli,  nmler  Lieut.  Peyton,  who  volim- 
leereil  to  tuke  tlio  lead  on  this  occasion.  It  consisted  of  170  men,  and  tiio 
ijiiie  cvenimr  thoy  niaciied  IJnlow's,  It}  miles  iiom  Fort  IVyton.  Here,  on 
,1„.  8tli,  at  daylijfht,  lonr  othcM-  nof^roes  ffavo  tiiiinselves  up,  wlio  hud  Iteion^ud 
,(,  lliesanio  muster,  and  at  tiio  same  time  there  came  alon^  with  tliem  uii 
Iiiiliiui  negro,  numed  Joim,  a  shive  of  King  I'liilip,  who  liud  rnn  uwuy,  on 
iifcoiiut  of  an  attachment  to  iiis  master's  s(|uuw.  He  was  mudo  to  act' as  a 
jiiiilc.  Spies  w«,'re  sent  out,  wlio  soon  returned  with  tlio  inibrniation  that 
J"li,.n>  was  an  encampment  of  Indians  at  Dunhiwton.  This  it  was  deternfined 
III  licat  up,  and  Lieuts.  Peyton  and  Wiiitch(!nst  were  detaclied  (or  tiie  i)ur- 
,ii,<c, and  at  miihiight  they  fell  upon  them  with  complete  success;  capturing 
ilii' whole  party,  except  a  son  of  l*hili|),  a  lad  of  IH,  who  made  his  escape. 
Som-  were  killed  or  wound(Ml  on  eitluir  side.  Tho  whites  were  much  elated 
ai  this  capture,  having  found  that  they  had  taken  the  arch  King  Philij), — who 
liail  laid  waste  this  part  of  the  <'ouritry  in  the  beginning  of  tlio  war, — Tomoka 
Jdliii,  iiixl  several  others,  women  and  children. 

On  examining  Tomoka  lohn,  the  general  learnc'  that  at  about  10  zniles 
frniii  thence  was  a  company  of  l;cm"<'  H  o;  jO  Lichees,  under  Uchee  Hilly,  and 
ji|ijlj|)  confirmed  his  statement.  It  was  resolved,  without  loss  of  time,  to  sur- 
prise tiiiH  encampment  also.  Accordingly,  40  men  marched  out,  with  John 
fur  a  (.'iiidc,  and  hero  ulso  tho  surprise  was  complete,  with  tho  exception  of 
one  innii,  who  escaped  under  covcjr  of  night.  IJiit  tiiey  did  not  find  the 
IVIiPC's  eiitiridy  unprepared,  and  in  their  resistance  they  mortally  wounded 
Liciit.  M'Neill,  a  promising  yo'-  <^  ofHcor.  Two  Iiulians  were  kilied,  three 
womidetl,  and  1(5  captured.  Among  the  lutter  wus  Uchee  IJilly,  whose  cup- 
lure  was  viewed  of  no  small  consc^cpience.  In  all  5  chiefs  were  captured 
(liiriniT  the  expedition,  making  a  total  of  IM  Indians  and  negroes. 

Hiloro  the  month  exjtired,  a  son  of  IMiilip  (probably  he  who  escaped  at 
Diiiilawton)  came  with  four  others  to  St.  Augustine,  with  a  flag;  but  they 
Hiw  no  sooner  come  than  (iien.  Hernandez  ordered  them  into  confinement. 
We  have  no  other  ])articidars,  and  whetluu-  the  general  had  good  nmsons  for 
such  a  stop,  take  not  upon  us  to  say.  It  ajiptiars  that  the  whites  in  general 
were  dotennined  to  have  the  Indians,  some  how  or  other,  and  this  seems  to 
have  been  an  earnest  of  what  was  ailcrwards  enacted.  John  Hix,  or  Hext, 
iTufkehatclie  I"  "jo,)  who  was  supposed  to  have  been  killed  in  an  encounter 
aeitr  a  year  ago,  came  into  Fort  King  on  the  3d  of  August,  and  on  the  7th 
there  arrived  at  Black  Creek,  Coahajo,  Yahajo,  (brother-in-law  of  Osceola,) 
ami  llonese  Tustunimggce.  These  cajUurcs  and  surrenders  gave  great  en- 
coiimifcnient  to  the  peojjle,  and  they  again  countetl  on  a  total  eniigrution  in 
asliorttime. 

On  the  iiOtli  of  October,  as  Lieut.  T.  B.  Adams  was  escorting  an  express 
frouiTanipa  to  Fort  Fostisr,  he  fell  in  with  and  took  three  Indians.  One  was 
a  |iroinineiit  chief  of  Pease  Creek,  named  lIolachta-Mico-chee,  Ilac-te-hal- 
clue,  a  siih-chief,  and  one  warrior. 

At  the  same  time*  was  jirepan^d  at  Washington  a  very  sensible  talk,  by  the 
fliief  of  the  Clierokees,  John  Ross,  which  was  to  be  sent  to  the  Senfmoles; 
iiiwliirii  he  ardently  expressed  himself  for  their  welfare,  and  strongly  m'geil 
ii|ioii  iliein  the  necessity  of  coming  to  a  settlement  with  the  whites,  und  the 
utter  impracticability  of  continuing  in  wur,  with  the  least  prospect  of  success. 
Tliis  Mr.  Ross  undertook,  by  the  consent  and  with  the  advice  of  President 
Jii'l.sim,  and  four  trusty  Cherokees  were  soon  after  despatched  with  it  lo 
Rorida.  It  was  addressed  to  Micunopy,  Philip,  Coacoocbee,  (Wild  ('at,) 
•keiila,  and  other  chiefs  and  warriors,  and  signed  KOOWF-SKOOWE, 
alias  John  Ross,  and  a  conmiendatory  article,  by  seven  of  his  head  men. 

Tliis  dejiutation  met  the  Stuninoles  in  their  country,  and  held  a  talk  with 
Sam  Jones,  .-it  the  head  of  MOO  Mikasaiikies.  Nothing  seems  to  have  been 
liiially  settled,  but  Abiaca  (Jones)  said  he  would  treat  with  the  whites  if  they 
wrtiijd  not  use  him  ill.  However,  l>efbre  this  negotiation  began,  the  Semi- 
iiules  had  tnet  with  the  saddest  blow  of  any,  before  or  since ;  eight  more  of 
liiir  jHiiicipal  nun  hud  lidlen  into  tin!  hands  of  (Jen.  Jesiip,  among  whom 
was  Osceola  himself     This  came  about  as  follows : — 

About  the  18  October,  Osceola  sent  a  message  to  Fort  Peyton,  that  he 


''111  I 
fi 


'■'■mm 


143 


CAPTURE  OF  OSCEOLA. 


[Book  IV. 


w'lHlied  to  have  a  talk  witli  Gen.  Hernuiidez,  and  stated  that  he  was  Imt  a  feyy 
niili'.s  Ih/iii  tliore.  He  liad  not  even  veiitin-ed  thus  tiir,  had  not  the  simrn  1),.,.,, 
laid  l)y  tlie  «'()niniander-in-chi«!f  of  tlie  vvliit(!S,  wlio,  it  nuist  ever  iieival'trr 
he  alh)\ved,  dis|tlayed  as  niucli  of  the  Indian  in  tiie  matter,  as  Coacoocl,,.,,  ||,,,| 


done  hefore,  in  tlie  aliduetion  of  old  Micanopy  and  others,  when  the  ffciicnil 
had  them  nearly  nmdy  for  Arkansas.     For  this  act  of  Coaeooehee,  tlic  ir,.,,. 
eral  had  determined  to  he  reven(,'ed  ;  and  he  declared,  "  if  he  (Coacooclicci 
I  white  man,  he  woidd  have  executed  him  the  moment  he  d 
id.s."    Now  we  have  seen  that  he  did,  some  time  Im-Ioh!  this 
Gen.  J'ornandez's  hands.    He  was  the  one  senV  out,  or,  as 
s,  allowed  to  go  out,  at  the  request  of  old  Philip,  iiis  liitiier.    1| 


•■aim; 
liill 
tim 
I'it 
liin, 


had  heen  a  white  man,  he  woidd  have  executed  him  the  moment  hi 

into  his  handi 

into  his,  or 

j^eneral  says, 

was  that  hrought  ahout  this  overture  of  Osceola,  which  proved  so  iiitui  to 

as  in  the  secpiel  will  he  s(!en. 

The  Indians,  having  comi;  as  near  Fort  Peyton  as  they  dared,  sent  won!  I'nr 
Gen.  Jesup  to  come  out  and  talk  with  them ;  he  returned  them  tin  aiiswir 
but  ordered  Lieut.  Peyton  to  get  them  into  the  lort  if  he  could,  and  tlicu  to 
seize  them.  But  in  this  he  could  not  succeed,  and  Gen.  Hernandez  wus  sent 
out  with  200  men,  and  commenced  a  jjarley  with  them.  Gen.  Jcsiiii  re. 
mained  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Peyton,  and  ordered  the  lieutenant  of  tin.  t;,,., 
to  proceed  to  the  treaty-groimd,  to  learn  whether  the  Indians  "answered  (V,,. 
Hernandez's  questions  satisfactorily  or  not."  He  soon  returned,  and  reiKutcil 
that  the  answers  were  "evasive  and  unsatisfactory ;"  whereupon  he  oidcnd 
Maj.  Ashhy  to  capture  them,  which,  with  the  aid  of  Hernandez,  was  ddn,. 
without  the  discharge  of  a  gun  on  either  side.  Seventy-five  Indians  wcic,  hy 
tliis  maiueuvre,  taken  with  loaded  rifles  in  their  hands,  disarmed,  and  idn". 
fined  in  the  fort;  and  thus  ended  this  "brilliant"  afiiiir,  which  took  iilaccoii 
the  21  October,  1&'{7. 

The  names  of  the  principal  chiefs  "grabbed"  in  this  "haul,"  were,  as  tlic 
inter|)reters  gave  them,  Yoso-ya-hola  (Osceola,)  Coahajo  (Alligator,)  Vuw. 
AS-HAJo,  John  Cavallo,  who  had  been  a  hostage  with  Gen.  Jesuj),  No-i n. 
so-sia-hola,  Emathla-Chamy,  Co-hi-lo-lue-hajo  (Doctor,)  and  IIasto  i- 

MI  CO. 

Severe  animadversions  have  been  indulged  in,  upon  the  conduct  of  (ion. 
Jesup,  in  thus  seizing  Osceola  and  his  companions.  We  have  not  tiini'  nor 
space  for  an  examination  of  what  has  and  may  be  urged  for  and  against  the 
measure.  We  have  followed  the  general's  own  account  of  the  utiiiir,  uiid 
must  leave  our  readers  to  judge  for  themselves  upon  its  justness.  One  re- 
mark,  however,  may  not  be  tmim])ortant,  as  it  may  assLst  in  a  just  decision  ol' 
tlie  question.  The  general  has  said,  that,  inasnnich  as  the  Indians  litui  ^'io..>s- 
ly  deceived  him  on  a  former  occasion,  he  would  use  nnj'  meaiiM  to  get  the 
chief  actors  in  that  deception  into  his  hands  ;  and  we  have  seen  hoip  tlip  mat. 
ter  was  managed  to  effect  that  object.  Now,  when  Indians  fight  Indians, 
whatever  advantage  is  gained  by  circumvention,  of  one  jiarty  over  aiioilicr, 
is  just,  according  to  the  laws  which  govern  their  modes  of  wiu'fare  ;  Imt  it  is 
a  rare  circmnstance  that  a  party  is  attacked  when  coming  to  another  wiili 
the  offer  of  peace.  We  are  now  considering  the  whites  on  etjual  footinfr  \»illi 
the  Seminoles  ;  for  w»!  see  no  other  ground  that  this  act  of  seizun;  ctui,  iiiany 
way,  l)e  justified.  The  general  asserts,  what  we  do  not  clearly  di.scover,  that 
Osceola  did  not  come  to  treat  of  peace,  but  came  under  that  pretence,  "iiilsc 
ly,"  expecting  thereby  to  get  some  white  officer  into  his  power,  with  whom 
he  might  jturchase  the  liberation  of  Philip.  But,  as  has  been  observed,  we 
do  not  see  sufficient  evid(!nce  of  such  a  plot,  to  authorize  the  "  gruh  frame,'' 
as  some  of  the  classical  editors  termed  it,  which  was  played  by  the  fremral, 
Much,  however,  might  be  added  in  extenuation  of  his  conduct ;  he  had  lueii 
a  long  time  in  Florida,  exerting  hims«;lf  to  the  utmost  to  acconi]disli  the 
wretch<!d  business  forced  u|ton  him ;  he  had  been  baffled  and  fiiiled  li\  the 
Indians,  luid  derided  and  shamefully  treated  by  some  of  his  own  countrymen. 
He  was  now  detennined  to  do  something,  and  he  ])(!rlbrmed  this  sijrnal  aet 
when  nobody  expected  it,  and  his  enemies  were  at  once  out  upon  him, 
beciuise  he  had  acted  like  the  ])eople  he  was  among.  No  hiood  was 
shed;  but  a  very  importtuit  service  was  perfbrnuMl.  On  the  whole,  we  lan- 
not  condemn  Gen.  Jesuit,  but  rather  the  policy  that  placed  hhn  when  he 


Cmp.  XIX.] 

was.    Of  this  ' 
fuitlier  e.v.-imin 
On  the  -Si  0( 
i\>n  Peyton ;  a 
rmiveyed  to  St. 
ill  conh'nement. 
iviili  vigor,  ami 
(ill)ec(,'nil)er,  tJi 
lii\7  were  regii 
Amid  all  tjiet 
Wihl  Cat)  maci 
si|iKMV,x.    TJnis  I 
bl,  Miniehoiv  oi 
iiiikiKUvn  retreat 
Tlie  next  even 
iiiiisf  .s'ingiiinary 
limi  of  that  in  w 
llie  liattif!  of  Oke 
iiiiil  Allit'ator,  anc 
lars  of  uliich  are 
Col.  'i'aylor  mti 
."Oiiwiiig  the  meji 
at  a  [loiiit  on  its  It 
ivhirh  name  is  si 
ivliii  had  fallen  in 
J^eiiiiiioles,  Sam  J, 
4  on  the  cast  sid 
(apt.  Monroe,  witi 
lioii  of  his  J)(;hiw{ 
rationed  hy  their  i 
next  day,  -aking  tl 
iiistliree.    After  p 
reached  tiie  vicinit 
Here  they  were  fbi' 
ol'aeeess,  of  any  | 
ilie  roiifiict  coinm 
lioiiiinock,  from  w 
'icrs  that  they  wei 
inliuitrv,  who,  conti 
live  (iren  ev(!r  expi 
mal  the  hommo( 
siwained  with  (lift 
nearly  hreakiiig  tin 
every  poinf,  loavjn^i 
lil'wil  where  others'" 
tlie  hidiaiiH  theinsei 
niilhalftohl.     Col. 
"I'li'iir  eonipanioH, 
*aiiie  eoinpanifs,  W( 
'^'"'■A.i{.Thompso 
I  !":''"'b'  "t  the  same 
I   mF..I.  Hrooke, 
,  ""■  Missoin-i  vohinte 

:™""li"^' lii.s  ison  in 
Like  Okeeehohee,  \ 
»i"''l«"i-  of  Indians  j 
fwil'l  and  u-o„|,i  ft.,j 
iMlihMver..  Jb|,„j^  ^ 

■'^kinnislies  on  a  j« 
]*Mte..rs,fi.||i„^^j', 

|«pl"''<'eaile.|  VVact- 

"Oil,  cmae  off- seconc 


Catr.  XIX.] 


BATTLE   OF  OKEECIIOnEE  LAKE. 


143 


I  conduct  of  Gen. 
ve  not  tiiiic  \m 
mul  ujiniiist  the 
i"  the  utliiir,  mul 
stju'ss.    Oiu"  re- 
list decision  of 
idians  liml  i;i">s- 
iieaiis  to  p't  tl;c 
een  hoiv  tlic  mat- 
IS  lifllit  liuliiiii?, 
rty  over  anntlin, 
kvariarc  •,  \n\\\\\< 
to  iinotlicr  Willi 
qual  Ibotiiiff  villi 
imm\  call,  in  m; 
iHv  discover,  tluU 
pl-otoiicc, "  liiWi'- 
iwt-r,  with  vli"i» 
sen  oliscncil,  we 
lie  "  }rvul»  f.'iiim'.'' 
d  bv  the  jri'iiHtil. 
net ;  he  lunl  lucii 
)  iiccoiin>lisli  tlie 
uiid  liiiled  liy  the 
own  coviiitryiiiea 
id  this  si;riml  »« 
out  uiitm  liii", 
Ts'o   blood  was 
,  whole,  we  lan- 
id  hini  whert:  lie 


wtts.    Of  tliis  wo  have  distinctly  spoken  in  an  earlier  page,  and  must  ^vaive  a 
further  tixjuiiinution. 

On  the  '£1  October,  29  "Indians,  stpiaws,  and  negroes,"  were  captured  luuir 
Fort  Peyton;  and,  on  the  JJotli,  a  iiimily  of  5  more  were  taken.  They  were 
conveyed  to  St.  Augustine,  and  imprisoned,  where  there  now  wei'  '  17  in  all, 
III  coiitineinent.  Great  preparations  had  been  made  to  pursue  ne  Indians 
with  vijjor,  aiul  forces  had  (rome  in  from  various  cpiarters,  so  that  by  tlic  first 
„t  |)(M-enil)er,  tluiro  were  at  the  various  posts  in  Florida,  H,!t!K}  men,  of  whom 
}t;)7  were  regulars,  1,078  volunteers,  100  seamen,  and  178  friendly  Indians. 
Amid  all  these  prej)arations  and  watchings,  tlie  noted  chief  Coacoociicc 
Wihi  Cat)  made  his  escape  from  St.  Augustine,  with  17  warriors  and  two 
sqiiaws.  'riins  the  fellow  whom  Gen.  Jesiip  looked  upon  w  itii  siidi  distrust, 
IiikI,  somehow  or  other,  outwitted  his  keepers,  an«l  joined  Sam  .Fones  in  his 
iiiiknoWM  retreat. 

The  ii(!.\t  event  which  comes  within  the  line  of  our  design,  was  one  of  the 
,ii,ist  sanguinary  which  has  happened  since  this  war  began,  with  the;  e-xcep- 
liuii  of  that  in  which  Mnj.  Dade  and  his  command  were  cut  otK     This  was 
ilii' hatths  of  Okeechobee  Lake,  between  a  large  Indian  force  under  Abiaca 
mill  Alliirator,  and  Col.  Z.  Taylor  ut  the  head  of  about  (500  men ;  the  jiarticu- 
larsdf  wliich  are  as  follows: — 
t'lil.  Taylor  marched  from  Fort  Gardner  oii  the  1!>  December,  1K57,  and, 
nllnwing  the  meanderings  of  tiie  Kissimmee  River,  arrived  on  tiie  tiiird  day 
ii a  point  on  its  banks,  '."S  nules  above  its  entrance  into  l^ake  Okeechobee, 
ivliicii  name  is  said  to  mean  Big  fVakr.     Here  he  hnirned  from  a  |)risoiier, 
nim  had  Udlen  into  his  hands,  that  Alligator,  "with  all  the  war  spirits  of  the 
fiininoles,  Sam  Jones,  and  17.5  Mikasankies,"  was  encamped  about  2'}  miles 
(ili,  on  the  east  side  of  Lake  Kissimmee.     Crossing  the  river,  tin;  colonel  lelt 
fapt.  Monroe,  with  his  company,  the  |)ioneers,  pontooneers,  and  a  large;  por- 
timiofliis  D(daware  warriors,  who  declined  proceeding,  Irom  lameness,  ocr- 
raMiined  by  their  I'eet  and  legs  being  badly  cut  with  the  saw-palmetto.     The 
iH'Xt  (lay,  .akiug  the  captured  Indian  as  a  pilot  he  moved  on  with  the  rest  of 
Ills  force.    Alh-r  |)assing  several  cypress  swamps  and  dense  hommocks,  he 
rcai'lied  the  vicinity  of  the  Indians'  encampment,  on  the  morning  of  the  '^5tii. 
Here  they  were  (bund  in  one  of  the  stroiig(!st  |)laces,  as  well  as  most  diHicnlt 
of  access,  of  any  l>etbr(?  known  in  Florida;    but  between  12  and  1  o'clock 
ilic  conflict  commenced.     The  main  body  of  the  Indians  wen;  posted  in  a 
lioiiiniock,  from  which  they  poured  such  a  destructive  tin;  upon  tlu;  volnn- 
leers,  that  they  were  obliged  to  fall  back.     They  foriiHul  in  the  rear  of  the 
inliintiy,  who,  coming  now  into  action,  "sustained  one  of  the  most  destruc- 
live  lires  ever  experienccid  from  Indians."     But  they  pressed  forward,  and 
jaiiitid  the  hommock ;  the  struggle  continuing  more  than  an  hour,  which  was 
.'iistuined  witii  difficulty  on  the  j)art  of  the  whites,  the  Indians  at  one  time 
nearly  breaking  their  line  ;  they  were,  however,  finally  routed  and  drivtMi  at 
ever\  point,  leaving  10  of  their  dead  on  the  field,  and  numerous  traces  of 
lilmul  where  others  had  been  dragged  away.     It  was  reported  alterwards,  by 
the  Indians  themselves,  that  they  lost  20  in  all ;  and  yet  this  story  of  blood  is 
not  lialf  told.     Col.  Taylor  had  28  killed,  and  1 1 1  wounded  !    Every  otHc«!r 
oftiair  coiii|KUiies,  with  one  exc,e|)tion,  and  every  orderly  sergeant  of  tlie 
siiiu'  companies,  were  killed,  and  the  sergeant  major  was  mortally  wounded. 
Col,  A.  R,  Thompson,  of  the  <!th  II.  S.  intimtry,  received  thre«!  mortal  wounds 
iiiaiiy  lit  the  same  time;  Adjutant  J.  I*.  Center,  Capt.  Vanswearingen,  and 
Lieut.  V,  J.  IJrooke,  of  the  same  corps,  were  killed  outright ;   Col.  (Jeiitry,  of 
Jie . Missouri  volunteers,  was  killed  by  a  shot  through  the  body,  the  saiiK!  ball 
ivuiindiiig  his  son  in  the  arm.     Such  was  the  issue  of  the  disastrous  battle  of 
'  Lake  Okeechobee,  which  served  two  ends  ;  one  of  which  was  to  reduci!  the 
miMihcr  of  Indians  in  o|tposition,  and  to  teach  the  survivors  that  tht;  whites 
Miild  and  would  light.     No  prisoners  were  taken,  but  some  200  horses  and 
I  cattle  wer'>  t()uiid. 

i«kinnislies  on  a  smaller  scale  continued.     Gen.  Nelson,  of  the  Georgia 

I  volunteers,  fell  in  with  a  few  Indians  on  the  Suanee,  on  the  2(5  December,  at 

a  place  called  Wacusape,  and  we  presume,  judging  fi-om  in(lir(!ct  informa- 

lioii,  came  off  second  best,     liis  horse  was  killed  under  him,  and  he  lost  his 


■I 

5 


144 


FIGHT  AT  JUPITER  INLET. 


[Book  IV. 


lioiitennnt,  nnil  three  horses,  and  a  innii  or  two  wounded.  He  took  one  In. 
diiiii  and  u  negro  prisoners,  and  one  Indian  was  rej)ort(Ml  to  have  heeii  killfd 
Almi't  the  same  time,  there  was  a  figlit  at  Charlotte  llarhor,  in  whi«li  fivi' 
Jnihans  were  killed,  and  nine  taken.  Lieut.  Ilardin^  was  danperonsly  moiiikI 
<ul.  And  a  day  or  two  alter,  Capt.  WiniUsr,  with  HO  dragoons,  snr|»risc(i  ami 
took  seven  men  an<l  2.')  women  and  chihiren,  ahoiit  40  miles  sontli  of  Fort 
Alel^ane,  and  near  I'ort  McNieil ;  and  20  miles  south-west  of  Fort  I liinicv 
he  took  2J)  more,  among  whom  was  a  sister  of  (Joahajo.  yuch  wore  tiio 
important  operations  in  Florida,  during  the  year  18.'37. 


Ht»t 


CHAPTER  XX. 

EMBRACING   THE    EVENTS    OF    1838   AND    1839. 

Battle  op  Wacasa  Swamp — Defeat  of  Lieut.  Powell — Battle  or  Liciu 
Hatche — Gen.  Jesup  woutidcd — Dk.atu  of  Osceola — His  charnctcr — <lrn.  Jisiin 
desires  to  give  up  the  war,  and  allom  the  Indinns  to  live  in  Florida — j\ut  allnirnl 
by  the  ffovernmcnt — His  talk  with  Toskloee — Indinns  seized  at  Fort  Juintn— 
(ien.  Jcsnplcaics  Florida — Death  of  FniLir  and  Ju.mi'EK — Capt.  Ellis's  iipluii-- 
Indians  surprise  Capt.  Beull — Families  murdered — Crews  of  vessels  murilirnl— 
Death  of  Mushalatubee — Camp  Forbes  atlocked — A'umcrous  murdirs—Ciiiit. 
Russell  and  Maj.  JVoel  killed — Capt.  RowelL  defeated — Gen.  Mucoinli  takes  cum- 
viand  in  Florida — Endeavors  to  mal.c  a  treaty — Lieut.  Hulliert  hilled — litwiiril  /W 
Indians — Massacre  at  Colooshatchie — Indians  surprised  at  Fart  Mellon — Mnnlirg 
on  the  IVaculla — Bloodhounds  to  be  employed  against  the  Seminoles — Depredutwiu 
continue. 

New  year  has  come,  but  not  a  "happy  now  year"  to  Fhmda;  for  itt;  first 
day  Jiad  only  passed,  when  the  sound  of  the  riHe  is  heard  in  its  dcsolntp 
coasts,  followed  by  the  groans  of  the  wounded  and  dying.  Ikig.  Gen.  ( "Juirli s 
Nelson,  with  a  brigade  of  Georgia  volunteers,  l)eing  charged  with  liic  (iclinci. 
of  Middle  Florida,  was,  on  the  2  January,  scouting  in  the  vicinity  n|"  Wiicasii 
Swamp,  near  Fort  Faiuung,  when  he  discovered  Indian  signs  leading  to  said 
swamp :  following  them  up,  he  was  fiercely  attacked  as  he  approarlicd  it, 
and  immediately  the  fight  became  obstinate,  and  lasted  near  three  iioiirs.  At 
5  o'clock,  P.  M.,  the  Indians  disp(>rsed,  carrying  otf  their  killed  and  woiiiidtd, 
Tlie  whites  suffered  severely;  but  they  claimed  a  large  victory,  having' ra|i- 
tured  "15  men  and  children,"  and  a  chief  named  Chickachoo.  Col.  Foster, 
who  conunandcd  the  left  wing,  was  shot  down,  but  his  wouik'  proved  sliitlit, 
Lieut.  Jennings  was  killed.  Among  the  woinided  were  Col.  Anil)ristpr, 
slightly ;  Serg.  Maj.  Jones,  badly ;  Dr.  Sheltall  of  Savannah,  badly ;  witii 
several  privates. 

We  now  proceed  with  an  account  of  a  sharp  action,  near  Jupiter  Iiilft, 
between  a  force  of  about  80  men  under  Lieut.  L.  M.  Powell,  of  the  luivy,  ami 
a  body  of  Indians  under  Toskegek,  in  which  the  whites  were  d(;l('ati(l, ami 
suffered  severely  in  killed  and  wounded.  The  action  commenced  about  4 
ill  the  P.  M.,  and  continued  till  half  past  seven  at  night,  of  the  1^  Jamiiiiy, 

On  proceeding  upon  a  trail,  alter  landing  at  Ju])iter  River,  Lieut.  I'owpjl 
captiu'ed  a  squaw,  whom  he  made  pilot  him  to  the  Indian  camj),  wliirii  lie 
reached  after  a  inarch  of  about  five  miles.     He  found  them  i)rei)ar(>d  for  him. 
and  the  war-whoop  was  immediately  raised.     The  whites  "ciiarged  tlmn ! 
through  a  deep  swamp,"  and  the  fire  became  general.     Lieut.  Ilanisoii, of  { 
the  navy,  was  soon  shot  down  at  the  head  of  his  men,  who  were  left  witlmin 
an  officer.     Lieut.  Fowler,  of  the  artillery,  was   dinictcd  to  penetrate  tlie  | 
swam])  to  the  right,  while  the  remaining  two  companies,  under  Lieut.  .M'Ar- 
thur,  of  the  navy,  advanced  in  line.     Hy  these  manoeuvres  the  Iiidiuns  wre  I 
driven,  or  retreated,  to  a  large  cypress  swamp,  700  or  800  yards  in  the  rear,  i 
Here  they  made  a  deterniined  stanri,  and  here  Lieut.  M'Arthur  was  idlv 
wounded,  and  Dr.  Lcitner  was  killed  while  in  the  discharge  of  his  duty* I 


IHoot  IV. 


ook  one  In- 
boon  killed. 
II  wlii'-li  tivi! 
msly  Wduiiil- 
iiri»rist'(l  and 
ioiitli  (d"  Flirt 
Fort  lliuiicy, 
icli  Wt'lT  tliu 


l.F.      OF      LlCIIA 

iter — ^iV'7i.  Jisiiji 
da — j\ut  alliiiriil 

Fori  J 11  pill  r— 
Ellis's  (ijiluit— 
SA'f/s  murilernl— 

viurdirs — i'lijil. 
icumli  liilics  rom- 
lied — Uncaril  fur 
Mdldn—Miinlirf 
'cs — Depredaliuiis 


ida ;  for  Ur  first 
1  in  its  dosiilati^ 
rifj.  (ion.  Charli's 
w\{\\  tlic  (Icrciicc 
■inity  ol"  Wiiciisi 
.s  Icmlin};  to  said 
aj)i)ronolipd  it, 
Itlireo  iiours   At 

■d  ami  woiiiidod, 

cry,  liiivinii  cap- 
loo.     Col.  Foster, 

id  proved  slislit. 
Col.  AndmstiT, 

,ah,  budly;  witb 

[!ar  Jupitpr  liiH 
ol'  the  navy,  ami 
fere  defeati'd,  and 
linienced  aliont  I 
Ihc  l.'j  Jantiary, 
^■(>r,  Lieut.  Powell 
(•ami),  Nvliii'li  lif 
|j)rei)ared  for  liiiii. 
Is  "cliarireil  tln'in 
Jcut.  Ilarrisoii,ni 
[were  left  witliwn 
to  [)enetratr  tlie  1 
ndcr  Lieut.  M'Ar- 
1  the  Indians*  wore  j 
I  yards  intlip  rni 
(Arthur  was  l«iillj 
Irgeof  l»s  tl"'y»* 


lir 


I. , 


144 


FIGHT  AT  JUriTKR  INLET. 


lUuoi  IV. 


I 


■^' 


i  ',;. : 

.'  .     •■  -.'.J 

' 

^l^ 

t 

■  -J 


i:'\i     r>'i 


./  ^;- ,'/////..//  //;//  ^  •///,/  ,,  ,/,  /v^/,  „/  ,,^',  ,////,/,, ,,v/,. 


Ciur.  XX  J 


I'imcll  (inlci 
jiitfiiifif  wlii( 
ii|i(iti  tlicir  /;>i 
I'liiilil  Id  tlii'ir 
tdok,  I'liritdiiii 

\tllllM(l('ll,  IIIK 

ImhI  I  or  5. 
iii'JiiiHt  liny  e: 
mice  w'iiimkI) 
imf  Iwcii  tor  fl 
ritri'nf,  iiciirlv 
tlir  wouiiileil 
ill'  Uiver. 
(ii'n.  Ji'siip, 

llic  l.lll'llll    11,1 

(null  Tiirf   IJo 
iilit'llicr   Lit'iit 
tlicrc,  or  iKtt. 
\.  M.,  iind  if  III 

»lirlllPr  ll»)    Wf 

ilii<  ircMcrnI  liii 

I'll  y  Olljrlit    to  I, 

'"ii  <ii'  if,  In:  w/i 

mIIimI  or  iiinrtnl 

'lives  under  sf j 

iiiinl,  MS  ciflior  c 

fiidd  (lieir  rptn'/] 

I'iflicir  ciicj/iij.f, 

W'l'  iiiiist  riov 

iiiiii'li  (trcddtHl,  ji 

I'nsoii  nt  St.  All 

filtiT  tlin  CHnipe 

lined  to  til,,  tUri  \ 

Its  slii|ipf>d  (i„.  ( 

"itii  timt  fiid  wli 

ViMiltrir',  of  n  , 

'■'"I"  is  ditticu 
Iv'uive;  Noriif.  \t 
•"•'"lip  liis  own 
"'awhito  ninn, 
'"■'"?•   /t  inipht 
''')  dcjrraded  in 
'"■ins  of  ndiniratii 
"'III  l)ravost  of  v 
'"ill?  Iwtter  knoi 

'I'lTityornotorier' 

'fipwliite  people," 

liitioii  was  comni 

""'  liKlians ;  mu 

""li-^lied,  and  th 

"isy  to  see  how  h 

*■  aeroiint  of  t 

"""'''  "s  say  lie  w 

;7'"'  "mt  he  was 

.'"" 'm^edv,  and 

''*''<l  near  Camp 

^'>^«'"P,  13  miles 

nut  we  detract 

""•n.  and  his  name 
fMhatofPHiup, 
'"«ly  into  the  han. 


1 1 


nup.  XX]     (Ji;n.  JKsiJP  woi^nded.— df.ath  of  oscmoi.a. 


145 


^iiriri'dii.  Nif^lit  wnn  nppnmcirnifr,  ami  thr  men  wi'n*  falling  fiiNt,wlii<ii  I.init. 
{•lOM'll  iinlrrcii  i\  rctn-at.  Linit.  I'uwlrr  waN  Hliot  ilowii  in  i||i>  hiicrcsMtiil 
;iitciii|>'  vvliirli  lit)  mail*;  to  rover  tin*  n>tr*-nt,  anil  lint  tlii-<>)>  nHicrrH  rcniaiiii'd 
iiii{in  llirir  I'lM't  at  tlii*  rlow*  ol'  the  action.  'I'lir  wliitcs  niailc  \\hn\  InihIi'  l|i*-y 
,.,,iilil  to  tln'ir  IwrntH,  all  of  wliii-li  tla-v  jfot  oil'  cxc  <|it  onr,  uliicli  the  InilianH 
i,,iik,  containin^r  aniinnnition.  In  tliis  alVair  tin*  whio'H  hail  .'t  killi'il,  nnil  :M) 
rtiiiiiiilfil,  iniinv  of  thorn  m^viTrlv,  ami  nonm  thrcr  Nivrral  tirnrn.  'I'lii'  InilianH 
{,,^^1  t  III'  r>,  i'li«>  roinnianilcr-iii-i'hii'f  in  this  fX|ir(litiiin  niakrn  no  «  har^i'x 
,i:':iiiist  any  on^a^'ril  in  it,  in  his  otiirial  ari>oniit ;  lint  an  otfircr,  who  whh 
;i»iii'  woimili'd  in  the  fifflit,  naiil  tin;  ^'ailors  wrrf  jfirat  rowarilH,  ami  had  it 
iiiit  liti'ii  tiir  fim  i*oni|iany  of  artiilrry  nmirr  iiiciit.  Fowlrr,  who  i'dvitimI  tin-ir 
nin'nt,  iH'McIv  all  of  Ihfin  wonid  havi«  Imm-ii  Hralpcd.  As  it  was,  alimit  half 
t!i(.  wmiiidi'd  wcHMif  that  rlass.  'I'his  tijj^lit  was  on  l^nchu  ilat('li«>,  or 'I'ur- 
lie  KiviT. 

(icn,  Ji'Hiip,  tliinkinjf  thn  Indians  had  prolialily  inndo  tht'ir  hi>ad-ipiartcrs  on 
llir  i.iirha  llatchr,  niari*h<<d  with  tin-  tiirrc  inidrr  his  iniint-diatc  nininiaml 
Inmi  I'ort  liioyd,  m-ar  the  hrnd  of  thf  St.  .John,  on  the  tiO  January,  to  si-o 
\t|i)'tlii'r  liieut.  I'owi-ll  had  jnst  raiisi<  for  leaving  thcni  in  fidl  poKJOt'Ssion 
tlii>ri>,  iir  not.  It<>  raino  npon  thoin  on  tlii'  '24th,  lit'tvviM'n  II  and  t'-j  o'rloi'k, 
\.  M.,  and  if  lu;  had  had  no  nioro  men  than  thr  Jirutenaiit  had,  it  is  doiihtfnl 
Hliitlicr  h(!  would  havr  jfivcn  as  jfood  an  acrount,  or  fiircil  as  well ;  tliou>,di 
llip  jfiMicral  himself  says,  "tiiat  the  Htii'iijrth  of  thi'ir  position  was  snrh,  tiiat 
thi'V  (itilfht  to  have  held  it  inneh  longer  than  they  did;"  yet,  in  forrint;  tlieni 
iiiit  ot' it,  he  was  pretty  severely  wonmled,  with  HO  <if  his  men,  and  10  were 
kilhl  or  mortally  wounded.  Thus  had  'I'oskkokk  liamlled  two  eonsiderahln 
tliri'cs  under  separate  commanders,  and  was  doubtless  ns  well  jirepared  for  t\ 
iliiid,  lis  either  of  those  lor  a  second ;  for  he  and  his  men  were  aliie  to  make 
piod  tliflir  retreat  without  loss  of  time,  with  their  all,  leaving  conjecture  only 
I'l  tlicir  enemies  of  their  next  locality. 

W'c  must  now  turn  our  attention,  for  tho  last  time,  to  tho  onco  feared,  and 
miicli  dreaded,  and  now  no  less  regretted,  chief;  Ohcf.ola.  We  iefV  him  in 
prisoM  nt  St.  Augustine,  in  Novemhor  last,  from  which  iilace  ho  was,  soon 
alter  llie  escape  of  (^)Acooc^EE  from  thence,  sent  to  (Charleston,  and  con- 
tiiiPtl  to  the  lort  in  that  harbor  for  safe  keeping,  until  be  should  be,  with  otb- 
iTJi,  slii|iped  tor  the  west.  But  that  time  never  came  for  him!  Death  camo 
with  that  aid  which  the  white  man  refused!  He  died  in  confinement  at  h'ort 
Mdiiltric,  of  a  catarrhal  fever,  on  the  TO  Janunrr,  IKM8.  The  jiortrait  of  ()s- 
wilii  is  ditiiciilt  to  be  drawn  ;  some  have  tnaile  liim  a  coward,  and  others  a 
kiiiivc;  some  liavo  averred  that  he  was  but  a  sidi-chief,  and  without  res|iect 
iiiiiniijr  iiis  own  people  ;  others  have  indignantly  added,  that  be  was  the  son 
lit' a  white  man,  as  though  their  own  blood  bad  (legradeil  him  in  the  scale  of 
U'iiiir.  It  might  be  so.  l[ow  then  ought  they  to  look  upon  themselves?  l)ou- 
lily  degraded  in  that  scale.  Others  portray  bis  character  in  unmeasured 
tiTiiiH  of  admiration  ;  making  him  tbo  greatest  of  chiefs,  ablest  of  counsellors, 
and  bravest  of  warriors.  We  affirm  to  neither.  Tho  circumstance  of  his 
IkIiii;  iH'tter  known  when  the  war  began,  than  other  chiefs,  gave  him  a  c»*- 
lilirityor  notoriety  which  bis  deeds  did  not  claim.  He  had  lived  more  among 
ilip  white  peo|)le,  and  hence  was  better  known  to  them ;  and  when  a  depre- 
ilatinn  was  committed,  or  a  battle  fought,  Osceola  was  the  sxipposed  leader  of 
llip  Indians ;  and  as  the  report  of  such  occurrences  spread,  tlie  supposition 
vanished,  and  thus  arose  much  of  the  celebrity  of  Osceola.  Hence  it  is 
•■asy  to  see  how  he  came  so  prominently  into  the  van  of  notoriety.     Thus,  in 

ir  aocoiint  of  the  defeat  of  Major  Dade,  the  authorities  then  relied  upon 
niitdf  us  say  he  was  the  leader  in  that  wretched  disaster;  but  we  are  now  as- 
fiiri'i'  that  he  was  at  Camp  King  that  same  day,  and  was  the  chief  actor  in 
tliat  tragedy,  and  hence  coidd  not  have  been  iii  the  fight  with  Maj.  Dade.  He 
\m\  near  Camp  King  when  the  war  liegaii,  after  which  he  removed  to  Long 
Swiitnp,  12  miles  to  the  south-west  of  it. 

But  wc  detract  nothing  from  the  just  fame  of  Osceola.     He  was  a  great 

man,  and  his  name  will  go  down  to  tlie  latest  posterity,  with  as  much  renowr 

as  that  of  Phimp  of  Pokanoket.     Both,  by  fiital  errors,  were  brought  pr«Mna  ■ 

turely  into  the  hands  of  their  enemies ;  Philip,  by  the  rash  murder  of  one  of 

13 


.!»•' 


■I. 


^i'l 


f/il 


BHei"  '''T^  I'll *"","! 
^^'  ■■■■  S:^^ *■#•'! 


146 


SKVKRiTY  OF  GOVERNMENT. 


[Hook  IV. 


liis  own  men,  and  Osrcoln  by  a  inistakfii  I'sfiinuto  of  the  rliuracter  of  lii^ 
loew. 

We  irtMrn  to  (jen.  Jesii)),  vvlioni  we  lell  vvonnded,  tlinnjrii  siiiMv  iliroii"|i 
\\w  liat'le  of  Luclia  llatflic.  'I'lic  next  day,  .laiiuarv  *,'r)lli,  |i<.  crossttl  ||ip 
river,  and  cnciiniixid  on  Ju|tit«T  Jtay,  win  re  lie  ereeteil  a  .'^tockade,  wliidi  |„, 
named  I'oif  Jn|iiter.  Here  lie  remained  nntil  the  5  l-'ehrnary,  liis  men  lieinir 
destitme  ol'-^^lioes  and  other  sn|i|tlie.>J.  At  this  period  he  marehed  soiitliwanl 
about  \'2  miles,  when  lie  en<-am|)ed  w^mu  ;  and  \irvv.  an  interview  was  soip'tit 
with  the  Indians.  Jt  was  now  lookei!  npon  by  the  jreneral,  as  well  as  all  his 
|)rinci|)al  otHcers,  as  ti  mat'er  past  accomplishment,  to  snbdne  the  Seniinoles 
•'lor  years  to  come."  It  was,  tiien-lbre,  conchuicd  that  it  vvonid  he  best  ti! 
eilect  an  acconnnodation  with  them,  and  to  allow  them  to  retain  and  live  uinmi 
that  part  of  Florida  "  where  noluidy  else  coidd  live."  Aecordinfrly,  he  wiott- 
to  the  secretary  of  war,  on  the  II  I'ebrnary,  rec<(nnnenilinir  that  nieasine. 
Jn  answer,  the  secretary  said,  that  it  was  not  a  (jnestion  now  to  be  considered 
by  the  president,  whetber  it  woidd  be  better  to  let  the  Indians  rem.iin  in  |||,. 
conntry  or  not,  but  that,  as  a  treaty  bad  been  ratified,  by  which  the  liidinn.s 
iiad  aj;rt!ed  to  remove,  it  wa.s  liis  duty  to  we(!  it  executed  ;  that,  thereliire,  no 
arraiijiemeiits  with  the  Seminoles  would  be  allowed,  haviiij,'  li,r  its  ohici't 
their  liitnre  residenct;  in  I'lorida.  'I'lins  a  "vi'to"  was  set  to  the  hnniiiMi; 
object  of  (ienerals  .h<siip,  lliistace,  and  others,  thoiiuli  they  were  allowed  to 
make  a  kind  of  a  true*;  with  them  fortlit!  ensuing  summer,  or  until  the  seiison 
wonid  allow  tiic^  whites  to  tij;lit  them  a^^ain  to  atlvaiita^c. 

i'Meanwhile,  wen.  .lesnp  bad  moved  on  slowly,  and  on  the  7th,  by  means  of 
nicsseii^reis  which  he  sent  out,  ^'ot  a  parley  with  a  waiiif;  chiel|  i.anied  Hdj. 
lee  llajo.  This  chief  told  the  jreneral  that  the  iiidian>  wen;  in  a  wreiclicil 
condition,  that  tiiey  were  imwiilin^r  to  leave  the  country,  but  would  h-  con. 
tented  with  ai'.y  small  portion  of  it,  if  they  miubt  la?  alloaed  to  continne  in  it. 
At  this  sta<re  ol"  tluM-onli-reiice,  the  jiciieral  (very  abruptly  ve  think)  deiiiaiidcil 
hosta^'c^i,  o|- a  ^iii-i-(>ii)!(>f  of  t|i(>  arms  of  the  Indians;  but  th(>  chief  iiave  liim 
to  understand  that  neither  wonId  be  dotu;.  lie  then  requested  a  coiileicnci; 
with  Toskejfee,  the  principal  chief  of  the  band.  'I'lu'  next  day  'i'()si<cj.'( i; 
<'anie, and  the  intervi(;w  residted  in  an  a<i!'<'ement  iitr  a  me(>tin^  at  I'ort  .liijiinr, 
in  ten  days  trom  that  time.  What  was  done  at  that  (<>rt,  or  w  liether  the  ^cn- 
oral  ever  ^ot  the  Indians  there  or  not,  he  has  not  told  lis;  lint  he  says,  in  M.s 
coinmnnication  to  the  secretary  of  war,  that  "the  nieasiin!  which  he  adoiiud 
had  n^snlted  in  the  peaceable  surrender  ot'  abtait  1,!2(K)  Inilians  and  negroes, 
of  whom  ;Ui>  wert!  warrior.s.  Mad  any  other  course  been  adopted,  it  is  (|iu's- 
lionahle,"  he  says,  "whether  yO  warriors  conid  have  btu'ii  killed  or  taken." 

Ileiiee  we  are  to  iiilt-r,  that  without  frro.'^s  deception,  now-a-days  cailcd 
strataifein,  notbiiif?  could  be  ellected,  of  any  account,  ajfainst  the  Indians  ot' 
I'lorida  ;  and  what  it  is  probable  w ill  be  n'lnarked  upon  bereaft*  r,  as  worlliy 
of  admiration,  is  the  curious  fin  ,  that  it  bad  taken  the  frovermneiit  of  tin' 
country,  and  all  its  oflicers  who  had  been  eiifrajjred  in  I'lorida,  three  years  lo 
find  it  out.  An  army  could  march  from  one  end  of  that  country  to  anollicr, 
it"  they  avoided  its  lakes  and  swamps;  and  doffs  could,  with  «Mpial  ea.se,  diivo 
ali  the  birds  from  a  rye-liehl,  if  there  were  no  brambles  in  their  course;  iiiid 
the  latter  of  these  experiments  would  be  of  about  as  nmcli  conse(|iieiic(!  tu 
the  owner  of  tbt!  rve-tield,  as  the  Ibrnier  to  the  inhabitants  of  I'Morida. 

TosKKOKK.  had  l)(!(;ii  prevailed  npon  to  lay  down  his  arms,  and  conic  into 
the  stronjf-holds  of  the  white  men,  to  hold  a  treaty  with  them,  i  iider  the  iis- 
siirancci  that  be  an<l  his  people  would  lie  allowed  to  retain  .wme  'illte  pnrl  uf 
llivir  own  coutttni.  IJnt  we  are  told,  as  the  Indians  |»iobably  were  .ifterwards 
that  they  woiihl  Ite  permitted  to  remain  in  l''lorida,  provided  the  president 
would  con.M'iit  to  it.  They  had  become  (piitc?  contideiit  that  such  wdiild  he 
tlie  tiict,  tiir  the  very  jrood  reason,  that  the  otficers  who  made  them  this  jiroiii- 
ise,  were  very  contideiit  tlieiiisidves,  that  it  would  be  acceded  to  by  hmi.  .No 
other  coiichision  can  be  drawn  from  (Jen.  .lesiiji's  laiiirnafie,  in  his  coinniiiiii- 
cation  to  tli«!  secretary  of  war,  before  alluded  to.  S|)eakinfr  of  bis  ovcitnrrs 
for  a  reservation,  be  says,  "  I  believed  then,  and  I  believ(!  now,  that,  as  coni- 
mander-in-chief  of  the  army  in  the  field.  I  bad  a  ri<,dit  to  adopt  those  iiicmsiiit^, 
either  of  direct  Jiostili:  ,  or  of  policy,  which  pronuHed  to  be  most  useful  in 


[Book  IV. 

lie  dmractor  of  liis 

loii^rli  siilt'ly  tlin)iii;li 
!r)tl»,  Uc  t'it>f*s('>l  ilm 

stiu'kiulf,  wliifli  lu! 
nmry,  liif  nicii  \»\u^ 
iimrflifd  soiithwiird, 
iitfi-vifw  was  s(iii'.'l!i 
nil,  us  wt'll  lis  all  his 
ibtliii"  the  r^i-m'mok'H, 
t  it  vv(>\iUl  Ih'  lii!st  to 
)  n'tniii  iiiitl  live  upon 
.(•(•ortlinflly,  In-  wnitn 
[•mliiiir  lli'it  iiK'iisiiif. 
now  to  1h^  (•oiisidcicil 
liuliiins  iH'inain  in  the 
by  wliit'li  tlic  Imrmiis 
.(!';  tliiit,  llii-n'tiiiT,  110 

liaviiii;  li'i"  its  oliji'i't 
„t^  st't  to  tiic  liniiiJinc, 
ilicy  wen-  allowed  to 
nir,'or  vuitil  tlu;  sciismi 

w  iho  7tli,  l>y  iiK-ans  (if 
(Uii^f  fliici;  naiiicd  lliil- 
n^  Wi'Yv  in  ii  wrt'tilifil 
ilry,  Imt  \\t»il<l  '•»'  '■<"'- 
lowi'tl  1o  contiinic  in  it. 
tiv  v«'  tliiiiU)  dt'inaiidtiil 
l)\it  tlif  fliifl'  U"v«'  liiiii 
nnpu'f^tt'tl  a  coiiH-n'iK'c, 
'lie  lU'Xt  (lay  Toskc^'ci; 
nu'ctiiifiat  ImuI  .Iniiitfr, 
,)rt,  or  wlii-thcr  tlic  iicii- 
,is-,   but  lit'  says,  in  his 
iisun^  w  liifli  1"^  addimd 
)0  Indians  and  ncjinxs 
)ccn  adoi>tt'<l,  it  is  M'"'^- 
„.»•»  kilb'tl  or  taken." 
tion,  iiow-a-days  calliMl 
t  against  tbo  Indians  ot 
,oiriif"<att.  r.  aswortliy 
tlie  jTovoniint'iit  ol  '»i' 
,  riorida,  tbvcc  years  m 
tliat  country  to  aiiotlicr, 
d,  witli  e«nial  ease,  dnvi' 
des  in  tbeir  course  ;  niiil 
H  niiicb  eons(«(iiieii!T  tu 
litaiits  of  Florida, 
bis  arms,  and  come  into 

witb  tliem, « ti<l«;i- «1'7^; 

,  iTtain  .some  'i///e  pirf  o 
•obablv  weiv  afterNViinls 
.  provided  tbe  iiresult'i:! 
„i;,„t  tliat  siKdi  n-oiild  1« 
,o  made  tliem  tliis  l«roni- 
aeceded  to  by  b-n.    •^" 
„.rna-:e,  in  l'i«  <•'""""""■ 
,„.„kiiifr  of  bis  overtims 
'lieve  now,  tlmt,  as  com- 
,  to  adopt  tbosi!  ineiisniTS 
srd  to  be  most  iisctul  m 


CHiP.  XX.] 


CAPTAIN   ELLIS'S   EXPLOIT. 


147 


tlie  end,  takiiijj  cure  not  to  place  the  ultimate  decision  of  them  beyond  the 
control  of  my  official  superiors." 

Some  time  had  now  interveiu^l  since  proposals  had  been  made,  and  it  is 
piolmbic  the  chiefs  hud  begun  to  tiiink  all  was  not  rifflit;  for  when,  on  the 
I7tli  March,  the  gcnerul  hud  f;;ot  his  answer  from  VVashiiiffton,  be  notified 
tlieiii  to  meet  jiim  on  the  yOth,  at  Fort  Jii|)it(!r;  they  <lid  not  appear;  where- 
upon Col.  Twifffis,  by  his  order,  surroiiiuled  and  caiHiired  th(!  whole  imrly, 
ainoiintiiif,'  to  r>];{.  In  a  day  or  two  all(;r,  nej^rois  enouirh  wen;  taken  to  make 
up  (i7H ;  but  in  th  .'uean  time  I'ussac-mico,  a  chict|  witli  14  others,  made  their 
escape. 

On  tliey4  March,  Gen.  Jesup  d(!tached  Ilalatocjchee,  Tustemic-cocho-conee, 
and  the  nefj:ro  chief  Aiikaham,  to  (ieii.  Taylor.  These  were  sent  out  with 
nicssaf.f(!S  to  their  countrymen  west  of  Okeecholiec  and  I'aliaiokijc,  and  tliey 
(iri'vailed  upon  Allijiator,  with  lUll)  Indians  and  neirroes,  of  wliom  a  hmidred 
wn^  warrior.s,  to  surrender-  lo  Col.  Smitli  and  (icn.  Taylor;  and  soon  atler 
Lieut.  Anderson  captured  I'ahose-mieo,  a  snb-cbud"  of 'i'oskeiree,  with  his 
liaiid  of  47  ]»ersonH.  Major  Lauderdale  and  Lieut.  Powell  pursued  Appiacca, 
(Siiin  Jones,)  as  (Jen.  Jesup  writes  th(!  name,  into  the  everglades,  and  came 
up  with  him  oi    lU  island,  and  dis|M;rsed  his  party. 

We  have  now  traced  events  to  fh(!  month  of  April,  1888,  in  wiiich  montii 
(;en.  Jesup  was  ordered  to  proceed  to  tlu;  (.herokee  country,  and  leav(;  (il(!n. 
Taylor  in  command  of  th<!  forces  in  Florida.  He  b(?f«an  operations  there  in 
Dcieinber,  1K{<).  hom  whi(!h  time  to  that  now  arrived  at,  tla^rt!  h.id  b(M!n 
taken,  with  tho.se  who  siirrciidenul,  about  y,4()0  Indians,  above  700  of  whom 
were  warriors.  Many  of  the?  jirincipal  cliiets  had  iilrc^ady  lieen  sent  out  of 
llm  lOiintrv.  Kiufr  I'iiilip,  Cloud,  uiid  Coahajo,  arrived  at  New  Orleans  on 
llie  .  ',1  of  Marcii,  but  the  former  never  rca(^lied  bis  place  of  destination. 
Kin.  'hilip  died  on  hoard  his  transport  boat  in  July,  40  miles  ludow  I'oit 
(Jihson.  Me  was  buried  on  shore  witii  tin!  honors  of  war ;  ]00  guns  being 
discharged  over  his  grave.  Jumpkr  had  prc^ceded  iiim.  This  chief  lan- 
piislifiti  for  about  two  months,  a*,  tin;  "Jlfirracks"  in  New  Orleans,  when,  on 
a  (lay  memorable  in  our  annals,  April  the  J!tth,  his  sfiirit  took  its  flight.  He 
was  buried  under  arms  with  much  ceremony.  Into  his  coffin  were  jtut  hi,'' 
rille,  pijie,  tobacco,  and  other  eipii|)ments,  agreeable  to  tbe  custom  of  his 
people.  We  now  return  to  inquire  whut  is  cloiiig  in  tin;  land  wlK^ncc  they 
came. 

A  scouting  party  of  volunteers,  under  Capt.  F.l lis,  found  five  Indians  in  a 
lininiiiock  near  S  inta  l"\>e  bridge,  ull  of  whonian!  killed,  without  injiirv  to  bis 
own  party.  This  was  on  the  lOtli  of  May.  On  the  17th  of  June,  as  a  detach- 
iiieiit  of  about  'AO  United  States  dragoons,  under  Capt.  Beall,  were  .se(;king 
liuliaii)!'  in  the  neighborhood  of  San  FehL^co,  near  Newnansvilh;,  they  fell 
into  an  ambush,  and  .seven  of  their  number  were  killed  and  wounded.  Among 
llic  liiriner  was  Ca])t.  Walker.  They  immediately  retreated,  and  were  lid 
kiw'd  some  distance  by  the  Indians.  On  the  1!>  July,  the  family  of  a  I\lr. 
(iiiynn  was  cut  off  on  the  Santa  Fee  ;  himself,  wif(!,and  infiint  child  were  miir- 
(li'i-eil.  On  the  y.lth  of  th(!  same  month,  a  fimiily  of  iIk;  name  of  liasley  was 
lirokeii  lip  on  the  Ocloknee,  1.')  or  ^0  miles  fiom  Tallahassee.  Mr.  Lasley 
and  a  daughter  were  killed.  In  Middle  Florida,  on  the  last  day  of  tlx;  month, 
a  Mr.  Singletary,  his  will*,  and  two  children  were  cut  ofl!  ()n  the  l!*tli  of 
August,  a  severe  blow  was  struck  on  the  fiii:iily  of  a  Mr.  IJak(!r,  on  the  east 
side  of  the  Oscilla.  Himself,  wife,  and  a  grandchild  were  kilhid.  And  thus 
\vc  might  fill  out  jiage  alter  page  with  such  awful  details — conseipiences  of  a 
war  to  be  remembered  only  to  lie  lamented. 

Many  had  supposed,  that  when  so  many  Indians  had  been  sent  out  of 
Fkiiida,  hut  f"w  could  be  left  to  trouble  tbeir  expatriators,  but  it  inoved  liir 
otlierwise.  The  jioor  mariner,  who  had  m-ver  had  any  hand  in  l\\r.  war,  if 
cast  avay  on  any  part  of  that  coast,  imniediatidy  fiiiind  liini>(  If  in  the  midsl 
of  liuhaiis.  In  a  terrible  tempest,  which  hap|)ened  about  the  7tli  of  Septeni- 
licr,  iK^av  40  vessels  werc!  wrecked  or  stranded  on  its  extensive  shores.  "One 
only  we  shall  particularly  nannv  This  was  the  liriL'  AIna,  Capt.  Thoinas,  of 
J'ortJami.  Afler  being  wnu-ked,  the  cr(nv  all  got  i-afe  on  sliore,  excejit  rme 
man,  who  was  washed  overboard.     The  captain,  A.  J.  I'lummer,  unil  Wm. 


■'tmm 


■■'^i^i 


148 


CAPTAIN  ROWELL'S   DEFEAT. 


[Book  IV. 


i 


VII       liny      mil      Ul         k^VJ'L^^llllf^  I  f      il1l|>      ^ICylla      ««•    tfl^llV.Ti      incill1.ll       «'l||t;in      UlT      TlM*      |*P 

LSSJMiililinjf  ofsjich  oflictTS  iiiui  others,  in  hMorida  uiul  tlio  ClicroktM-  Ciuntrv 
18  lir'l  been  detacluul  to  tlie  iioitli-west,  or  flnowliere,  to  Ix;  n-ady  lor  activi' 
lervice.     On  tlie   lltli,  ns  Cupt.  Row^'H's  coMipany  of  I'lorida  vdlnntcors 


Reed,  were  killed.  S.  Caniiiictt  and  K.  Wycr,  Jr.,  tlioiipli  woundocj,  ulinogt 
niiracidously  o.scaped. 

Amidst  these  events  we  will  pause  to  notice  the  death  of  the  frrcat  L'hok- 
tnw  chielj  MusnALATUitcK.  lie  died  at  the  afjtfnry  in  Arkiumas,  Sc|»ti'iiilM.r 
the  yotli,  of  sniull-pox.  He  had  led  hid  warriors  against  tiie  Creeks,  \nnU<t 
Jackson,  during  the  war  of  IHl:;i. 

On  tin;  tith  of  Septeniher,  Adj.  (Jen.  K.  Jones  issned  orders  lor  tin 
asse 
as 

about  1(5,  were  scouting  near  the  mouth  of  the  Oscilla,  fliey  tidi  upon  a  ((uiii) 
of  Indians  under  Tigertail.  Most  of  tiiem  escape  on  ponies,  hut  two  wouajj 
were  killed. 

We  meet  with  very  little  of  iniportnnct;  until  the  close  of  this  year.  On 
the  y8tli  Deciimber  an  attack  was  made  « n  I'amp  Korbcs  by  a  small  pnrh- 
of  Indians,  but  they  were  obliged  to  retire,  leaving  two  of  their  niunher  (l(.;i|| 
behind.  The  ne.vt  morning  Lieut.  'I'liomas  went  in  pursuit  of  the  piirfy,  fiihl 
came  up  with  them  on  the  Chattalioohee;  liere  again  they  were  di.^|i('i's(.,| 
with  loss,  but  how  great  is  not  mentioned.  On  the  4th  of  Jaiiuarv,  JKiii 
8ome  citizens  of  Magnolia,  learning  that  Indians  were  in  tlu^u-  neighlioi'liiiiiii' 
searched  them  out,  and  killed  the  whole  party,  six  in  nundier.  (.apt.  I,,  j' 
Ueall,  scouting  with  a  company  of  dragoons  near  Ahapopka  Lake,  Cii|itiii(d 
1()  ln«liaus,  of  which  uundter  but  two  were  men.  The  two  men  were  ncin- 
relations  of  Wild  Cat  and  Sam  Jont\'».  'J'he  latKir  had  given  out  word  tlmt 
he  would  hang  any  Indian  who  should  attempt  to  surrender. 

A  party  of  10  or  1:2  Indians  went  within  about  lii  nules  of  Tallahasscr-,  jind 
cut  off  the  tiimily  of  a  Mr.  I'endarvis;  killing  bim,  bis  wife,  and  two  cliildivn. 
This  was  on  the  l.ltli  of  I'Vbruary,  and  on  the  18th  they  cut  off  the  fainilvur 
a  Mr.  White,  four  miles  nearer  the  same  place.  Here  they  killed  two  persons 
anti  (lesperately  wounded  Mr.  and  Mrs.  White.  On  the  Thursday  previous' 
the  same,  or  perhaps  another  party  of  Indians  attacked  the  liou.se  of  ii  Mf, 
Stokens,  of  Jeller.son  county,  and  though  the  family  escaped,  they  plundered 
it  of  1,0U0  tlollars  in  baid(  notes,  and  liin'ut  it. 

On  the  2yd  of  I'ebruary,  about  15  or  20  Indians  attack  tbrcc  wagons  on  the 
Magnolia  road,  loaded  with  provisions  for  Camp  Wacasa,  and  ahout  !l  miles 
liom  that  place.  Four  persons  were  killed.  As  (-(ipt.  S.  L.  Ku.«.><i'll  was 
ascending  the  Miami  River,  in  open  boui.'<,  tiom  Fort  Dallas,  with  a  |imii  m' 
his  men,  they  were  tired  on  !)y  Indians  concealed,  and  Cupt.  Russell  is  killed, 
and  Major  Noel  is  mortally  wounded.  This  was  on  the  last  day  of  rebnuiiv, 
viz.,  the  28th. 

On  the  1st  of  March,  the  Indians  which  had  l)cen  collected  at  Pt.  Aiii;iis- 
tine  were  ship|)ed  for  the  west.  There  w«'re  2.10  in  all,  05  of  whom  were 
men.  At  this  time  went  tin;  long  noted  negro  chief,  Jlbraluwu  Vet  niiinleis 
continued  to  be  every  where  couinulted.  On  the  Htli,  the  hou.st-  of  Kdiiiiiiiil 
Gray,  in  Jefli.'rson  county,!*  miles  Irom  Montic*  llo,  is  beset,  iMr.  Gniy  tun! 
two  children  killed  and  one  badly  wounded,  and  the  htnise  burned. 

In  |)ursuing  bis  business  of  .scouting,  Capt.  Rowell  cnmt;  upon  50orfiO 
Indians  near  Patterson's  I  lonunock,  5  miles  east  of  the  Oscilla.  They  ('ii!:ii;;eil 
him,  and  obliged  bim  to  retreat  with  the  loss  of  two  killed  and  two  woiiiidcil. 
This  happened  on  the  18tli  of  March,  and  on  the  'M  oiWpril  souit;  10  or  I.") 
Indians  went  to  the  residence  of  Ca|)t.  Scott,  in  Jellisrson  coiuiiy,  about  t«o 
miles  from  IJailey's  mills,  where  they  killed  one  |)crson  and  wounded  two  or 
three  mor<>.  About  tlit;  .sami!  time  the  house  of  a  iMr.  Rollins  is  attacrkeil  at 
the  li(>ad  of  the  St.  IVIary's,  on  the  edge  of  the  Okellienoke  Swamp.  Mis. 
Rollins  was  killed,  and  he  made  a  very  narrow  escape. 

Meanwhile  (Jen.  Macomb  had  been  ap|)ointed  commander-in-chief  of  the 
army  in  Florida,  and  on  the  .5th  of  April  he  arrived  at  its  liead-cpiartcr.-*  on 
lilack  Creek.  Ilis  main  instructions  ajipear  to  have  been,  to  pacily  the  In- 
dians again,  until  the  return  of  another  st;a.son  tor  cam|)aigning.  Hut '  is 
prospects  were  discouraging,  t()r"lhey  were  dividing  tli(>niselves  into  siiiiill 
parties,  penetrating  the  settltMiients,  comMiilting  some  murder.s,  and  fliiiiL' 
iroui  their  coverts  on  the  e.\press<!S  and  passeng(!rs  going  liom  [lost  to  pest." 


[Book  IV. 

pli  wounded,  ulinost 

\\  of  lilt!  frvciit  Cliok- 
\rkimHiis,  Sci»U;iiilK.'r 
8t  llic  Creiiks,  mulrr 

mI  orders  Tor  tlic  re- 
lic Cherokee  r'nintry, 

10  be  r((!uly  lor  artivi; 
[■  rioriilii  voliiiitcer!i, 
tliey  tidl  upon  ii  cjiiin) 
onies,  but  two  wouru 

OHO  of  this  year.    On 

•bes,  by  a  Hiuidl  i)iiily 

of  tbeir  luunber  dciiil 

\rsiiit  »if  llie  iiarty,  ami 

11  they  were  dir^pcrscil 
4tb  of  Juimary,  iKi'.l, 
in  tbeir  iieitildinrlicMul, 

n  iiuud)er.  Capt.  1,.  .1. 
apopka  Lake,  caiiUind 
lo  two  luen  were  wm 
nl  "ivcu  out  word  tlit.t 
render. 

liles  of  Tallahassee,  imd 
I  wife,  and  two  diildrtii. 
icy  cut  olV  the  family  ul' 
I  they  killed  two  persons, 
tilt!  Thursilay  im-vioiis, 
;kcd  the  house  of  ii  .Mr. 
csfupod,  they  pluudfied 

tack  three  wajituis  on  the 
ucasa,  anti  about '.»  miles 
("apt.  S.  L.  Russell  was 
•t  Dallas,  with  a  |iart  nf 
.d  Cai)t.  Russell  is  killed, 
the  last  day  of  February, 

.  collected  at  f^t.  Aiiirus- 
iii  all,  0")  of  whom  were 
.'Ibntlum.    Yet  murders 
1,  tln!  liouse  of  Kiliiunid 
),'is  beset,  Mr.  (irayaiid 
,  house  burneil. 
rell  canit!  upon  .)0  o\-H) 
..  Oscilla.     'I'liey  eiiL'a^ied 
kilb'd  and  two  womitlid. 
{d  o;"Apnl^'>"'<'  H)  or  1.1 
f,.i-<oii  eouMlv,  about  two 
•stui  anil  wtHUiiled  two  or 
Mr.  Rollins*  is  attai^ked  at 
<efe.enokc  Swuiup.    Min 

TiTi'maiider-in-chief  of  tlie 
l-d  at  its  lieatl-tpiarters  oa 
beeu,  to  pacify  the  In- 
;„.  rauspai^Mruiir.     »at    i^ 
;„,r  themselves  U.to  snudl 
I,,,';,,,  murders  au.l  Um'i 
gt.iug  IVoui  post  to  pobl. 


CgiP.  XX.] 


MAfsS.VCRE    OP    cor,    fI.\RNF.YS    MEN. 


140 


And  it  was  believed  tiiat  no  coinnuuiicatioii  could  be  opened  with  tiiein. 
However  the  f,'eneral  was  deteitiiiMed  to  luakt;  tbt;  attempt,  ami  fuidiu},'  some 
nrisoiiers  at  (Jury's  l''(;rry,  lie  tn;ateil  tiiem  kindly  for  a  wliile,  then  s(!t  tliein 
at  liberty,  with  the  retpiest  that  they  woidd  |»-oree(l  to  the  ho.xtiles  and  invite 
tlieni  to  a  parley.  At  (»r  ubouf  tht;  same  time  (Jen.  Taylor  sent  out  some  of 
'his  Indians,  in  whose  sincerity  and  hone.«ty  he  had  {rrtiat  (•onfidenee ;"  but 
ihesfi  joined  the  enemy  and  never  returned," and  the  pristineis  returned  aller 
joiue  tiuie,  and  saiti  they  could  not  find  their  people.  In  the  mean  liiuo, 
„„  tJK!  22  April,  aboiu  100  'J'allaliassie.s,  under  th-  clii(>f  Nea  Stoco  IMatla, 
iiiarclieil  to  '('amjiu  in  tin;  niifht,  and  forced  away  about  lU)  of  their  comitry- 
111(11,  who  were  waitinj?  then!  to  be  ship|ie(l  to  tlie  west. 

,\t  lenstth,  on  the  I7tli  of  May,  the  <fenonil  f.Mt  a  number  td" chiefs  toiretlicr, 
friMi  tlie  stuithern  part  of  the  peninsula,  by  the  no<;oiiation  of  ( Nil.  Ifarney, 
and  nil  ainiciible  aiTan;:;ement  was  made,  by  which  they  were  to  remain  in 
llic  foimtry  for  the  |u-esent,  or  until  they  could  Im;  assured  ol'  tht;  pitisperoiis 
foiiiiitittii  of  their  frieuds  who  hail  emi;:iated.  The  <reneral  then  lelt  Florida. 
Oil  the  3  May,  five  persons  were  killed  on  the  Santa  Fee.  On  the  same 
ilav  liieiit.  Ilulbert  and  a  man  named  O'Driscoll  were  killi'd  at  I'oiirteen- 
inile  Creek.  The  express  rider  betwee.i  I' ort  I'Vank  Hrooke  and  l''ort  Aii- 
,ircws  not  nrrivinj?  as  usual,  Lieut.  Ilulbert  went  out  with  ten  men  to  I  !arn 
the  cause.  Reinf;  in  advance  of  his  men,  he  fell  into  an  ambush,  and  wa'  diiis 
cut  ort".     He  beioiifred  to  New  York,  and  had  friadiiatiMi  iu  West.  Point. 

Ahoiit  sunstit  on  tht;  28  May,  a  hotly  of  Jnilians  surround  the  ilwellir.^'  of 
Mr.  James  Osteen,  of  AHiffatt)r,  shoot  him  near  his  stable,  liadly  wouiiil  a  Mr. 
Ikll,  iiml  also  a  sisttu- of  ^Ir.  OsttMUi.  Mr.s.  Ostijcii  and  her  cliiltlren  escape 
tntlie  iieartfst  house.  Thesi!  and  numerous  otliiu"  eipialiy  iorrid  aHliirs  iiap- 
peidii^' iiuimMliately  after  the  treaty  just  made,  tlestroved  all  confideiiee  in  iis 
utility.  'I"he  people  of  Florida  declariMl  they  would  i  kt"  the  manaf^ement  of 
tiie  war  into  tinur  tnvii  hands,  and  ti.irly  in  June  the  <.'overiimcnt  of  the  terri- 
liiry  otii-red  a  reward  t)f  200  dollars  for  every  Indian  killed  or  taken.  .And 
^(011  after,  Tigkrtaii,,  the  chief  of  the  Tallaliassitis,  issued  a  proclamation 
(jielariiijr  the  treaty  matle  betwtjen  (Jen.  Macom!)  ami  (^bitto  TusteniiL'fiec 
Mill  anil  voiil.  It  iloes  not  a|)|K;ar  that  the  two  principal  chiefs  of  the  Semi- 
iiiiles,  Tigertail  and  Sam  Jones,  had  any  thing  to  do  with  Gen.  Macomb's 
trciiiy. 

till  the  13  July,  between  {)  and  10  at  ni;:ht,  a  small  yiarty  of  Indians  at- 
lark  the  family  t'»f  Mr.  ii.  (chairs,  10  miles  from  Tallahassei",  and  kill  Mrs. 
Chidisaiitl  two  cliiltlren.  On  the  2.'lil,  ('ol.  Harney  was  attacked  on  the  (^o- 
jiibliateliie  or  Synebal  River,  and  hati  \'i  out  of  JH  of  his  men  killeil.  The 
ciildiiel  had  gone  tt)  this  place  to  establish  a  tratling  house,  agreeably  to  the 
treaty  iiiiide  at  l''ort  King  between  .miih^  of  tht!  Seiiiinoles  antl  (Jen.  Macomb, 
Inline  spoken  oi!  Thus  that  treaty  (vvliich  was  only  verbal)  was  either  made 
(III  til  part  of  the  Intlians  to  tlijc.eive  the  gmieral,  or  some  Indians  made  it 
witlioiit  any  aiithtmty  fi-oni  their  naion  ;  the  latter  was  doubtless  the  fiict. 

When  the  news  of  (>t)l.  Harney's  siirprist;  reached  Fort  Mellon,  on  the  .'Jlst, 
foiiie  r»0  iiidians,  who  had  come  into  that  iieighborhooil,  were  alarmed  fi)r 
llieir  snlt!ty,  anil  fled  ;  but  stion  after,  about  If)  of  them  came  in  to  talk  witii 
Lieut.  Hanson,  and  wen?  siirroimtletl  and  taken ;  two  men,  in  attempting  to 
pseape,  were  slu)t  tlown  anil  killetl.  About  this  time,  as  a  com|)aiiy  of  sol- 
diers were  building  a  britlgt?  in  Middle  I'loritla,  about  two  mili;s  fiom  a  post 
"11  the  Siianet ,  they  wert?  surprised  by  tht;  Indians,  and  (!  of'  their  number 
killid.  .\t  Fi>rt  VVhetdock,  two  or  three  soldiers  art?  killetl  while  bathing  in 
(Iraiiife  Lake.  On  the  27  Se|»teinber,  a  party  fidl  upon  tht;  finiiily  of  a  Mr. 
Kiineh,  on  the  Wakulla,  murtler  Mrs.  Munch  and  one  child,  anil  burn  the 
liniise.    Mr.  Whitaker,  a  near  neighbor,  is  severely  wouiidtul. 

Kaily  in  October,  it  was  announced  that  7,000  regular  troops  were  to  be 
wilt  to  Florida,  and  that  (Jen.  Taylor  hail  been  aiithori/etl  to  send  to  Tuba 
liira  large  number  of  bloodhounds,  to  enabit*  them  to  scent  out  the  Indians. 
When  it  was  known  throughout  the  country  that  dogs  were  to  be  employed 
ntrainst  tliein,  there  was  a  general  burst  of  indignat'on  ;  but  though  it  is  a  iiict 
iliat  the  dogs  were  |H"ocurt!tl  and  liro'gbt  to  l''lorida,  with  Spaniarils  to  di- 
reet  tlieiii,  yt!t  we  believe  they  entirely  iiiiletl  in  the  experiment ;  tliere  being 
13* 


♦ .  ,;.■'  ft"  .  ■■>'■.*  I 

I  i       I-'         '1  -fl  l.' 


^W\:  y 


' '  ij  I 


^' '■;;;* 'r 


r    ^  • 


I' 


Mhw,[: 


•:>^i 


"'*!«  ^'^ 

u 

'■ '  St^  iy P 

.■;jjm^ 

.•■ 

''i'    r  'J^fflS^^ 

a 

^VipH^ 

I 
Hi 


150 


iu)(;s  r,Mi'i,(»vKi>  '\   i'i,(Mtiit\. 


\\>. 


'K   IV, 


but  iicro  iiiwl  lliciT  n  -oliinrv  iiisiaiui'  ol  tin  u  |niliiriiiiiij,'  (lie  m  iv'n  f,,,- 
wliicli  tlu'V  \\«"rr  iiilciiili'd.  Si"  ll;«'  ■  •  i,">'v.li  iv  .il'.'lii.s  tlnir-Mlicnic  Im. ;  ,.,  .;|,., 
t!u'  (Icsliuclioii  of  llii'  liitliaiiN  in  ihv  irii  iM-  i  iiu  j  vi  ii«  doHlniy  il  '>^  i|„,  u,|]^ 
It)\vfrs  (if  Ctiliimliiis,  iIh'v  jIi-mtvc  iii.t  'Ir  il^lib  •>\'  liiiinniiilv,  hiil  .s|h)|||,| 
riillio'  1m<  liiiiitnl  out  "if  Hticti'tj  l»v  lll•a^il^'  «  ".vi\}.i'  iih  llii'iiihclvcs,  if  ,m,|.| 
t'oiilil  lilt  luuiiil.  How  iiiiK'li  wns  i'|]<  .<  il  in  It.*-  I.'r;irii|r<,  it  is  ilillicnli  Id  |,,|{ 
for  loii^  ixMorr  llicir  iirriMil  iii  liio  coiiitir,,  tli*'  '  IiIocn  of  |ia|in'H  in  ilim  ,.,,' 
jfion  had  |irolK'lily  «  oncliuliMl  u|ion  wlial  ruiir.sc  (jicy  wonlii  piuhnc,  \\||,,|| 
«///(•/((/  tirrottiits  fnnii  ihfrs  shonlil  lie  ollirtui  (in-  |Mililicalioii ;  lini  orciisiiii,,|||, 
a  ircklcss  li-liow  (lr(i|i|i)Ml  a  jiaraf^iajili  iiiic  tlir  liillo\Mii!^:  "'I'lic  <  uliii  iln. >< 
liaM-  |ii'o\<'ii  i|iiili>  lu-iirruial.  'I'liry  caii^lil  live  lnilian!<  llir  oilier  (Iii\  ^i, 
iMiilillf  I'iorida,  liaiidsomily."  In  ^llu■^•||,  (Ifi  10,)  "Col. 'I'\viu:jfs  n;iuii  ii' |,-, 
da,\s's('onl  np  tin-  Si.  .loluis  ir<\i'r  w  illi  liu-  liloodlionnds.  On  liis  riiiiii,  „ 
\\;i,s  staled  that  lliij/  tnir  J'liiiul  lo  In  jivrfnllji  lustUsn;  all  atlein|ils  lo  indiii, 
tlieni  lo  lake  llit<  Irail  ol'  the  li'dians  inoviiif;  nn^  iiccesstid.  These  and  uilpi 
trials  ai't>  r\id('iu'fs  sntlirienl  to  |iiit  an  end  U>  .,\'.  I  I'tliei*  an.vietyon  l|i(>  |i„|, 
•il"  the  noiUuMii  scnlinK-nlalisls."  I'roni  snch  stali'iiicnts  we  ant  jell  to  in,,!,,, 
np  sui'li  ai'i'ounis  as  we  may,  ol°  what  was  eHi'i'lod  l)y  tint  liloodliDim,!^ 
ThcN  will  Itc  noticed  in  llio  ordiT  of  time  as  we  procitt-d. 

Dniinj;  this  e\|»e«lilion,  two  Indians  weie  discovered  in  u  Itoat  am!  sliot, 
one  ol'  \\honi  was  said  to  be  a  liroilier  ol"  Sam  Jones. 

On  the  l!>  Octoher,  a  parly  of  diaffixms  were  (ired  upon  while  crossing;  iIk 
Oscilla,  and  had  7  of  their  nnmher  killed.  Some  Indians,  pn  lendincr  |ii,.||,|. 
ship,  had  encanqied  about  two  mill's  liom  the  fort,  on  New  Hiver;  and  Im. 
im;  become  'Jmiiiiai'  with  toe  soldiers,  invited  iheni  all  lo  a  dance,  which  ilicy 
were  to  have  on  the  iiij;hl  ol"  the  "27  September;  but  three,  however,  iiiid  tlii' 
temerity  to  >jo,  and  they  were  all  killed.  Il  was  supposed  they  intended, or 
were  in  hopes  of  drawiiifi  onl  the  whole  ;;ariison,  which  il' they  lind,  tin ■- 
iiile  vvoiild  have  been  liie  siune.  'This  was  but  a  retaliation.  A  hiit'i.M!.r. 
wasron  passinjf  between  iMieanopy  and  !'«  ;l  VViieelock,  with  an  cscoil  if 
.xeven  men,  vvas  taken  by  the  Indians  o.i  die  '\  November;  the  driver  \\;i> 
mortally  wonnded,  and  another  nam  seviM  Iv  ;  killing  and  vv<innirni<;  smiii  il 
or  7  mules  and  horses;  TiO  Indians  vm  re  said  to  have  done  this  niiscliicr;  Ijin 
it' there  had  been  half  that  number,  it  is  exceeding  doubtt'ul  wbellifnitjin 
ol'  the  seven  men  would  have  escaped. 

The  elinaite,  as  well  as  the  SeinmoliM,  eoiitiniUMl  to  do  its  work  also.  On 
the  ')  November,  liieiil.  Kodiiey  liii'd  n!  S(.  Aiignsline,  tuid  the  iic.\|  t\;i\. 
Quartermaster  iM'Ciabb  liied  at  die  sacie  piace. 

On  the  ;•  November,  the  house  of  iMr.  .I'lhn  .lolinson  was  allackcd,  mi  ilu 
Oscilla,  ill  V,  hich  I'onr  re<;roes  and  one  while  boy  were  killed.  I'liuidn.- 
alter,  a  pariy  look  .Mt'red  Oliver's  house,  on  the  Oeloknee,  \'l  miles  In  tin 
westvvi.i'i  ;  '  "ullaiiassee,  and  killed  his  son.  On  the  !:ir)lh,  as  ( 'apt.  Sciiiir  i- 
proceed  •.::.  •(  a  earriajir  I'rom  St.  Aiif;nstiiie  to  I'icolala,  he  vvas  fired  ii|iiiii, 
when  abi  .  '.•  miles  out,  and  mortally  wounded;  a  youii^  niaii,  a  I'dliimlir, 
who  was  ridiiii;  on  horseback  behind  him,  was  killed  upon  the  spot.  Oniln' 
same  dav,  a  IMr.  Weedmaii,  with  his  son,  |)ioe«>eiled  to  visit  his  iiiriii,  tlnn 
and  a  half  miles  only  I'rom  St.  Augustine,  on  the.  same  road.  It  vvas  tlic  lii>i 
time  lie  had  made  tint  attempt  since  tiie  war  began,  anil  by  it  he  now  lost  Ins 
iil(>.  being  shot  deail  by  some  coui'i'aled  Indians;  unit  liitj  hoii  vvas  Imiily 
wonnded. 

During  lliis  montli,  (Jov.  (^all,  with  some  tJOO  or  1U)0  men,  scoured  Middlo 
riorida,  and  "drove  n|)  all  the  liulians"  in  tiutir  lines  ol'  march.  Tlit y  prt.'- 
sumed  tliey  would  iiitt  "light  down  again"  tiir  some  time.  However,  in  a 
Awv  slays  ailer,  the  iiouse  of  iMaj.  J.  S.  Taylor,  about  (i  miles  from  IMonliccllo, 
was  burnt  down,  but  the  liimily  escaped.  This  act  vvas  laid  to  the  ladiiins, 
und  wc  eaimot  undorlake  to  suy  tliey  did  not  do  it,  for  tliey  certainly  wire 
Uio  iHissessors  of  llio  country. 


Ibriiici 
I'aw 
men, 


\.  (t^..K  IV. 

uriuii>f{  ill'"  M  ivi(  ,  r.ir 

loir-M'lu'UU'  Im      i;    .lev. 

re  ilrnliuy  i'.  '■;,  iiic  liil- 

liuiiiaiiily,  Wilt   slmnM 

llrA  llnMIIM'Kcr',  if  Micii 
Hilh,  it  is  tlililfllll  III  tell, 
ii'H  <>l'  |)a|H-rs  ill  tliiil  re 
.y  uollld  lilllHllf,  \\|i(ii 
("iitioii ;  1ml  <)<'ciisiiniMl|\ 
»«  lilt;  :  "'I'Ik'  <  III)"  tlii;;M 
nliiiiif<  IIk'  "IIu'I"  tlii.\,  III 
("ol.  'I'wijifjs  iismli'  11  I.", 
iiiiiitls.     On  111.-  ri'liiiii,  II 

I  ;    all  llltflliptr^  to   illillirr 

cssliil.     'I'lii'S''  mill  oiIm  1' 
rtluT  iiiixirty  mi  llii'  |iiiii 

ICIltS  Wf  aiT  U-\\  III  lllll'.r 

led   by   tli)>   liltioillKHiiiil.s 

ci^imI. 

(•nil  in  a  l»<ml  iiml  ^Imi. 

s. 

I  upon  while  fitissiii;.'  tin 
luliaiis,  iinii'iiiliiif;  iViriul- 
(111  Ni'VN  Uivrr;  iiiul  Imv- 
jiU  to  a  ilaiH'f,  wliifli  'liiy 
It  tliri'f,  liiiwfvrr,  liml  tlir 
n|»i)osril  lIu'V  iiitfiitiiil,  or 
1,  wliifli  if  tlu\V  liiiil,  till.- 
a  rctaliatimi.     A  liii^'i;.ii:i'- 

irrlocU,  Nvilli  III!  «'**''"i'>  "I' 
(ivcnilMT  ;  till'  iliivn-  wiis 
inn  ami  wdiintlin^'  sniin'  li 
,vc  (Idiu-  lliis  inisi'iru'l';  Inn 
,»  lUinlurnl  wlu'llii'niilin 

,1  to  ilo  iirt  work  also.    On 
nstiiif,  »ii«l   »'"■   "''^'  '''')■ 

inson  was  Htlii»'U»>tl,  on  ilif 

,)y  WlTf  Uill«-<l-       l''«>lll«lii,^^ 

(•.•lokiK'i-,  l"-i  iii''''^  ""  ''" 
I,,  'jntli,  as  Caiit.  S'liiiiis 
olala,  hf  was  liivil  iiiimu 
a  yuimn  man,  a  l'"lmnl«r. 
|,.,1  upon  ill*'  spot.    On  till' 
,.(1  to  visit  liis  liinii,  tlinr 
auif  i-oa«l.     ll  W118  till'  lirst 
n,  andbvit  li«"'"wl'f 'f  , 
s ;   ami   liia  son  wns  I'l"")   ] 

«•  :M)0  men,  sconnul  MiiliHc 
intis  «)!'  inan-li.  'I'li'V  l'^'^- 
soino  tiin.%  l\ow.«v.'r,ina 
,ut  ti  inilt's  iVoiu  Montii*, 
•t  was  laitl  to  tlits  Imli""^. 
■o  it,  lor  tlicy  certainly  wire 


CnAf.  XXI  !  IMXl   i:XIM,<)ITS.  i5| 


KXK.INIH    OK    TMK    VVAK     IH'K). 

Jllriiiil  of  ll^'ifiotin  tillirn—  Unit.   IHinlnii  Lillril — l>(i<r  rrploiti^ — f'liniiliry  ilislrmjril — 
Ihffiil     of     Cojii      Hiiiiis      I, 'nil.     Sdiiili  i.-iim'.s     ilrfiiil  —Col.     Kilrifs     iiiiliiil-~t'iil 
(iririi.i — ('(ll    Uiininf.'i — .7  riimj,..,..j  nf  /iliiiirr.i  iilliirliiil—'  iiir   Cnrli  si.iniiish — 
Indidii      hi  II     ilr-ilnii/ril   -  l.inil.     .Irth':: 's     iriiliiil — Klrrrii      fiimiliis    ilf.tliiiiiiil — 
liijii.  Uriill's  Jiuhl  —Linil.  Ilininiiii's  lidtllr  —  liulinn  liiiiii>iil  —  I'liiijinilinii  nlli  iiijiliil 

Ihiiiiiuli  "   drpiiloliiiii  iif  Siiiiniiili.i  friiiii,  .•hhaiisiis — ll  fiiil.i ftliilis  liihni   in  ilnl- 

iiii;  liiilidii.i  ~  It  ilil  Cut's  riiiloit  '  Sail  iiniilnil — Luiit.  .Iiiilil  amiiiitiliiil — /'(///.  Iliiii- 
ji/o  Inn  III—  Ciil.  Iliinin/n  riiijiii'v  In  llir  ilnrmliiilis — Iliiiirr.i  ninr.  I  ml  mil  a  -  The 
i/(/f/' (,'iiiAKiKA  IJIInl-  h'ort  It'iilliir  iiltiirhni  —Cii/il.  Daniilson  dies — Lieut.  Slir.r- 
miiid'n  aiiiliunh,  and  drallt  <;/'  Jl.'/w.  MoNiiioMKUv. 

"Vein   jili.  Ilm   IniliiMi'H  ijriivi' ;    ymi  |i||  Iih   ImiiiI — 

Im  |!hmi'   III'  lilotHi,   will!.'   null),  iijmhi   yimr   liiiiiil  ? 
Kiii-iill  llii'   liini'   wlii'ii   timl   your  t'ullii'ra  ii|iri'iul 
I'OOII    I)li'f40    ley    Mlii>rr'4    lllrll    W'llllly    lll'll  ; — 
Wlioii.  |HnvrrlMi<s  .'xiii"*  on  llin  iji'-'i-rl  m»ii, 
'I'Im  ir  iiiily  itri'iiKtli — lliii  i<|iiril   lo  In-  ('rcr." 

\Vk  liavf  now  anivcii  at  llic  iM'jfinniiif;  ol"  ilic  year  IH/IO.     On  tlic  first  day 


•i  ,-, 


I'l'lirii.'iry  ol°  this  year,  a  dctacliiiKMit  ol'  men,  sent  in    pursuit  ol'  d(-si'rti'i',-4, 
llrcd  on    near   I'orl    Itniokr,  liy   wliicli   tlin  r  of  tlie  detaclniient    were 


Hcri" 

iviiiiii(li'd.  A  ser(j;eant,  wliosc  jiorsr  wjis  shot  lioiii  under  liiin,  w.is  supposed 
III  havi'  lieen  killed.  l''oiir  d.-iys  atler,  sonie  10  or  !.''>  Iiidiaiis  captured  a  train 
(ll  ri  \V(i;ronH,  alioiit  10  miles  rioin  (Jary's  l''eiiy,  as  lliry  were  rrturnin;;  lo 
ihal  |ila('e  .villi  provisions  and  stores  rrom  the  interior.  Tlicy  killed  oiu; 
iiiaii,  mid  wounded  Ibiir  or  live  iniiirs,  and  made  o|)°  with  tin;  properly. 

Uii  llie   -■-   rehriiary,  as   Liciil.  Wliedan,  with  a  detaehment  ol   volunteer.^, 
was  in 
ily  III" 
am 


piirsiiii  i>r  Indians  upon  a  I'resli  trail  near  tlu^  <'alieo  Hills,  in  th<;  viein- 
\laf;iiolia,  he  M\   into  an  anilmsli,  and  was  killed;   his  iipii  ran  i  way 
I  |i';i  him  to  the  Indiiiiis. 
Aliniit  a   month   iiller,  namely,  IMareli    IS,  the   Indians  made  a  spiriteil  at- 
liMiipl  to  mIiI   to  their  stork  ol'  provisions.     They  aMaeked  another  train   i.l' 
(I  I   its  way   lidiii    I'ost    No.  "J  to   iMieanopy,  killed    three    nii-n  and 
iili'il  others;  hut    liumd   no   liooty,  as  the   \\a^foiis  were  only  jroin^  aller 


wai'iins 


Wlllll 

siori's. 


Tiiis  was  done  in  sjiile  ol'  what  a  eompaiiy  of  soldiers  could  do. 


iviMi- |ircsi'iil  as  an  escort.      Kill   a   Tew  days  previu  is,  (March  Hlli,)  two   lu.    i 
ail' killed   helweeii   "( Iharles  Old 'Town  "  and    .Micanopj  ;    and,  on  tiie    \[,", 
a.Mi'lliiiilisl  minister,  named  ,M"l{ea,  was  killeil  at  '-Siijjjfs  Old  I'lace,"  hit'        ii 
Walii-iiliola    and    Micanopy.     On  the  2(i   March,  sonii^   Indians  cravvleii   up 
williiii  'iOO  yards  of  the  pickets  at  t''ort  Kin^,  and  killed  two  soidicrs. 

/Vliiiiit  the  lieirimiiiiir  ol'  Mtircii,  somesvlien'  in    IMiddli-  Kloridu,  two   hloixi- 
liniiiiils  captured  an  Indian;  one  sii/.ed   him   ii\  the  throat,  while  the.  wliiti 


aiiic 
ollicrs 


lip  and  took  him.  lie  was  ^'really  lerrilied,  imd  pointed  out  wiii  r. 
i  i!iiu;lit  hi;  timnd ;  and  soon  alter  they  ca|i(iired  lour  more.  On  l«{ 
■Maicli,  nine  dojrs  were  aniioimced  as  liavinj(  arrived  at  (iary'H  Ferry,  and 
that  tlicy  weiT  to  he  cmploiinl  liy  < 'ol.  'rwijrij.s,  of  llie  '.><!  drajroons,  on  a  eoii- 

ti'iii 

lii,<;n'(',  were  proiialily  desirous  to  Know  how  mia 

llit'in,  :iiiil 


|iliilcil  expedition  to  the  Ocklawahiu     'The  othcers  under  whom  they  wt^ro 

'  rht  di^iend  upon 


the 


inij 


thererore,  on  the  iievi   Similiti/,  made  the   liillowiiii;  e.vperinient 


iU 


tlii'ir  tiicilcs.     ,\n  Indian  prisoner  was  sent  out,  (\n  itiiout  the  kiiowlediiie  ol  tiio 


uOi;s,)  with  orders  to  ( 


'Iiml 


I  a  triH'  at  some  live  miles'  distance,     li;;  did  so 


and  til 


himni 


Is  w 


ere  put   upon 


his  trail.     The  di 


>^  rapt  I  tin,  or 


h'ad 


er,  went 


^^ 


iliiwtly  to  the  tree,  juid  attempted  to  elimh  it,  and  had  actually  jo'ol  up  six 
It'i'i,  when  the  others  arrived.  Such  was  the  report  of  the  alliiir;  which  re- 
|)nit,  whether  Iroin  the  principal  oIliccM"  under  whose  eondiii't  it  was  per- 
Ibrmi'd,  or  from  the  cliiel'  leader  of  tin;  dofis,  we  are  uiiinlliriiKMl. 

Towards  the  end  of  April,  u  small  hai:d  of  Indians  attacked  a  jrnard  of  six 
laen,  who  were  convoyiag  a  wagon  froin  Fort  Faiiulng  to.  Doudinaii'K  Uuy. 


^  ■ 

^i 

'  ■'^\ 

.'  <*'. 

.•'.,»•■ 


:^^ 


.r^' 


Si. ) 

.1 


ir.2 


lU'lTI.K   NKAIl   TOUT   KIN(! 


flloilK    IV. 


'Pill'  (itlln'r  «*oiiiiniiii(liii^  won  Iwiilly  woiiiidnl ;    luit  llin  (iirlit  wiin 


<'"iiliiiii(.( 


\crtil   hours,  iiiilil  nil  tlicir  aiiiiiiiiiiitioii  was  s|M-iit,  wlini  llicv  <-|iiii'ir,.,|  ^l 


liuliatis,  ami  iiia<!t>  ^(xxl  llit-ir  it'trcat.     'I'liit  a(ta(-kill^  |)ai'ty  l<ml  oi 
"a  iiij;  iK-firo. 

Altoiit  till-  sainc  liiiir,  tii<<  t'ainiU  of  a    IMr.  iMMiaiH*,  on  tiir  'I'o'rol 


!li> 


"'  iiiiiii  iiimI 


'''•'.   WIIH 


saiillcd,  ami   IMis.  IM'l.am-  ami  iliirc  of  her  cliildicii   were  iiariiaiiiiisi , 
(Icrcil.     Alioiit  H  iiiiirs  ti-oiii   Itloiihl's 'rouii,  the  tiiiniiy  of  a   IMr.  I, in n I 


IIS- 


lull'. 


tlolroycil  ;  aii<l  liclia'c  tlit>  rml  ol'  tlit^   iiioiilli   tlirrr  otlicrs  met  || 
On  ilic '-il^  ;\|iril,  as  ('apt.  Kaiiis  was  rrtiiriiiii;;  ti'oii  a  scout,  with  |H 
was  linMJ  ii|ioii  I'roiii  an  aiiilaish  l>y  a  lai-;;<>  hoily  o|    lialiaiis,  williin  I 
of  I'lirl  Kiiiir,  and   had    i   iii<>ii   killrd,  and  r>  uoinidcd  ;    anioii^r  thf  Jan. . 
tin'  rti|ila'n,  severely.     The   whiles  reported  tiait  they  killed  three  of  tji,.  ||'|] 


y  iiiiir. 
•  Whs 
le  siiiiic  t; 
men,  I, 
vvn  liiil( 


•'I'  Wiis 


dians.     l''i'oiii  another  souree, the  atliiir  of  ('apt.  Kains  is  related  as  l()||ii\vs: 
'^oine  ol'  his  men  had  lieeii  lately  killed  hy  the  Indians,  "as  they  lell  the 


I'ison  "  of  |''()ri  Kin<',  mid  he  was  determined  to  show  them  tl 


le  same 


kii,i| 


L'lir- 


play ;  aeeordin^iy,  hi-  |»laeeil  .mihw  sIh-IIs  nnder  a  lilanket,  within  heiirin"(|,.. 
lance,  and  in  the  ni^lit  he  heard  an  exphision.  N«-.\t  niorninir,  he  |im,|^  |^ 
men,  and  inarchetl  to  the  place  wliere  the  shells  liiul  lieen  depositrij.  ||,, 
found  no  Indians,  either  dead  or  alive,  lint  traces  of  Idood,  picy  HikKs,  jimi 
fra<:menls  of  garments.  While  examining  these,  all  at  once  the  Imliiiiis  idsi^ 
up,  as  ii  wi  le,  out  of  the  •rronnd,  ami  nearly  surrounded  him  and  his  Imi,, 
band:  the  tenilije  IIai.i'.c  'I'i  stk.m«i(.i:  was  at  their  head,  imd  with  tlir  i,,,,^! 
(lealtMiin;,'  yells  nishetl  li>  the  li^ilit.  'The  whites  chnr',red,  aid  tjic  liidijins 
took  to  tiie  trees,  and  thus  prolonired  tlu-  liattle.  At  len;;lh,  llaii-c,  alter  dis- 
perately  wounding  ('apt.  Itains,  l(*ll  himself,  and  was  liorne  o|f  hy  his  \mi|'. 
riors.  The  cjiptain  would  dnidith-ss  have  been  des|iatelied  liy  the  niiirlnv  jiini 
of  the  chief,  hiid  not  Serir.  Jackson,  too,  liadly  wounded,  rushed  to  his  ri'Mm- 
and  shot  'riislemi^'ije.  At  this  sta^'e  of  afliiirs,  the  (ijiht  seems  to  Imvc  cmltij 
and,  as  usual,  the  whites  hastened  away  to  report  a  victory.  They  rated  iIh' 
Indians  at  1K{;  lint  how  they  came  liy  this  ininutt>  inlbrmation,  we  are  iioi  in. 
formed.  Miit  their  bravery  ami  coin*ai;e  are,  probably,  liir  less  <|nestiiiiiali|(' 
than  their  statement  of  tiie  mniiiier  of  their  etjiially  brave  enemy.     Tlii>  siini' 

tircc 


ni<:lit,  or  the  next,  some   Indians  \Nent  to  Staidey's  plantation,  within  tl 
miles  of  Ne\Mians\  ilie,  w  here  they  killed    I'J  hofjs,  cut   ilown  the  Iriiil-Ii 


ami  burnt  th<      :iihlin<'s,  by  whieb  HOO  hiisbels  of  corn  w«>re  consumed. 


AIhiuI   tiie  same  time,  a  volunteer,  named  Sanders,  was  killed,  al 


Mint  liiiir 


niles   tiiim   New nans\  ilie;    and   anotlier  iiian,  in    company  with    liiin,  was 


badi 


\  wdum 


On  tl 


led. 
!!•  t\li 


iv,  as   Lieut.  IMartin  and  tiiret^  other  men  were 


|ir(ir('('diiiir 


<roni  iMie.inopy  to  W'akahooia,  in  cliarfre  of  a  f^overmnenl  wa^on,  iliey  wii 
ail  cut  otf.  Tlie  wa^foner  escaped,  and  carryinsi;  tia'  !.!t(dlifieiice  to  iMic;iii(i|i\, 
Lieut.  Sanderson  saliie<l  out  witli  17  men,  and  pursueil  the  Indians.  Ilisiiiin 
fell  in  with  them,  but  was  dell-.-ited,  and  liimsell|  with  !>  m*>n,  killed,  licsiilis 
tliree  bloodhounds  ami  their  keepers;    (liur  otiier  men  were  missiiifr. 

Some  time  in  June,  (  ol.  Kiley  surprised  an   Indian  camp  on  the  Oiiiijilii. 


ro(M"lie(>,  killed  two  warrior; 


id   look  a   man,  woman,  and  cliiid. 


priMMii'id 


The  man  soon  aOer  escaped,  and   in  pursuit  of  liim,  ('apt.  Mason  was  iuci 
dentally  shot   by  liis  own  men.     About  the  same  time.  Col.  (Jreene  fill  iiikh 


n  small  |iai°ty  ot  Indians  in  iVIiddie  l''loi'ida,  killed  three,  and  a  wliitc  111,111 
xvitii  them.  'I'owards  the  end  of  the  month.  Col.  Harney  ri'tnrned  tidin  a 
Itinjr  expedition,  in  which  lie  caplmed  \V  il<l  Cat's  mother  and  dan^jililir,  lili- 
orated  a  iieirro,  wlio  liad  iieeii  a   piisoiu-r  near  two  years,  and  was  ih 


only 

•0\t'{| 


survivor  of  the  crew  of  a  vessel  wrecked  at  New  Smyrna.     He  also  dcsli 
'-27  corntields  nf  tlie  Indians. 

W  lien  Dr.  Cotton  .Mather  was  about  to  write  the  liistory  of  a  .sinirMiiiiin 
innssacre,  wiiicii  liappened  at  Ihirliam  in  New  llampsliire,  he  liej;:an  witii  llic 
ominous  expression  of  " /i/oof/y  //.v/n'a^'- «/  Oi/sto-  liinr!"  We  have  now  to 
record  a  bloody  trdixvdi/  iimDiiii;  ini^riUans.     A    IMr.   I'"<irlies,  it   appears,  was 

iinist 


not   satisfied  \\ith  wliat  tragedies   he  could   manuliictnre  <d,<ewhere,  liiit 
needs  go  to  lliat  coimtr\  of  traiiedies,  I'Morida,  with  iiis  tlieatrical  ct 


irps.  as 


iidl 


tlioiifili  the  people  there  would   preli'r  counterfl'it  to  liie  real  ones,  or  Imd 
enough  of  both;  doubtlimH  tiiu  \viiite8  iiuich  prciorrcd  tliu  iurniur ;  but  iiot^ 


y- 


[l»n..K   IV. 

n  liirlit  WMH  (•(uitiiuicil 
Ik'II  Itit-y  rliaiL'nl  ||||. 
tarty  \oh\  oik-  mini  uiul 

1  tlic  'r<);;<)l('<',  \siis  ns- 
vcn-  linrlmrDiisly  imir- 
Iv  lit'  n   !\lr.  IjiiiiIi  was 

HTH  llll't  llu'  Mlllir  Hilc. 

sctuM,  witli  IH  iin'U,  lie 
liiiiiH,  •.vilhiii  l\v(i  miles 
;   aiiKiii),^  lilt'  latlcr  wns 

kill<-»l  llnci-  of  ili(«  Ill- 
is  irlaird  as  liillows:  _ 
iH,  "ns  tlu'j  Irll  tlic  !:iir- 
tiinii  tilt'  same  kind  ni' 
ikct,  \\ itliiii  luiiriii};  dis- 
xt  iiioniiiii:,  lif  liii'K  JH 
III   lii'i'ii   ili-iiDsilnl.    He 

blooil,  |i<i"V  Inifivs,  iiiiil 
at  iiiii'r  iIk'  liiiiiiiii:^  niM> 
nili'il  liiiii  «<«l  li>''^  '><'!'' 
lii-ail,  anil  willi  tin'  iiinsl 
liarf;<Ml,  a-w!  lli»'  Imlians 
li'ii^illi,  llaii  T,  al'lir  liis- 
IS  liorin"  olV  li.v  lii>^  «!ir- 
iti'lird  by  lilt'  mijrlily  iinii 
Iril,  nisliftl  tit  liis  rcMiii-. 
^Iit  si'fins  lit  liavt'  rnilid, 
viftiiry.  'I'lity  laiitl  llir 
Ibnimtitin,  Wf  aii'  iml  iii- 
ilily,  liir  It'ss  iiiifMi(iiiiiii!i' 
Itravt'  fiifiiiy.  'llu-  siiiiir 
.  jtlaiitatittii,  witliin  time 
cut  ilttwii  till-  iVuit-trtTS, 

11  \v«'rt>  ritiismnt'tl. 

■s,  was  killftl,  almiit  I'mir 

(iiii|iaiiy  with   liini,  wis 

>r  mt'ii  wiM-o  jiviift't'iliiii: 

•iiii'.i'iit  wajfttii,  tlit-y  wi'iT 
'..itflliflfiiff  to  i\rif!mii|iy, 

u'll  till-  liitliaiis.    Ill'  MHHi 

,illi !»  mt'ii,  killi'tl,  Ih'skIcs 

(Ml  wiTf  inissiiifi. 

inn  faiii|t  ttii  tlif  Ouiliiia- 
iiaii,  and  fliild,  prisniim 
II,  ('apt.  Masiin  was  iii'ci- 
,u'.  Cdl.  (Jn-fnt-  r>'ll  <il»'ii 
thriM',  anti  a  wliilf  man 
llanifv  n'tnriH'tl  timii  a 

IHHttlu-r'anil  ilan>;lili  r.  Ill'- 
1  vt-ars,  anil  «a-<  lln'  "nly 
iiyrna.     \U'  ulso  (U-slioynl 

li>  liistory  <'•'  "  saiipmian 
liiitdiirf,  Ik-  boiiaii  with  the 
line.'"  NVf  liiivo  ii"«  to 
_.  Kiirht's  it  apitfars.  was 
I'tint'  i'l..(>wlit'ri',  but  niusl 
lib  liis  tbfatrit'al  i't)rp'*.i« 
In  till"  iral  Diu's,  itr  liiitl  ""t 
Vcd  tlic  Ibnuer ;  but  not  so 


ClKP. 


XXI. 


M\HSA<'!li;    A!'    INIHAN    K!;V. 


W,\ 


with  iIk^  indianH,  wIkti!  tliry  <*itulil  iiavi'  a  liaiiil  in  liitni.     'I'liis  i-uiii|i;iiiy  it)' 

pliiyi'irt  was  in  Iwii  wii>,'iins,  passiiii;  I'r {'ii-njala  In  Si.  An^m.-iinr,  on  ibr  '£i 

Mav,  "I"'   "'i'""    >villiiii  ft  nr  (i   iiiiit-s  nl'  llu-  intlri'   |ilaff,  VM'ic  alt.ickiil  by  u 


liiriif 
mail 

CSI'll 


iiinibi'i' itt' Indians  iiniliT  Wimi  (!<\r,aiiil  luiir  nl' tl 


Hill  killi'il.     Hiiw 


V  wiTi'  in  till'  ntnipany  \\i>  an-  nut  tniil ;  bill  l''itrbi-s  and  tlif  limalfs 
|M'il.     'I'iii'   InilianH,  iinint'diali'ly  alb-r,  smritnndrtl   Kurt  Siailf,  ilani-rtl 

iiIhhiI  it  in  di'liaiiff,  and  diin-d  iIh^  siililii;rs  t im- onl  and   li;;lit ;    but   ilii> 

j;iiiii.xini  *vas  loo  wi-ak  lit  inakf  a  siirlif.  W'l-  iiiivt'  to  rlitsr  tiif  nlaliiin  i>\' 
iliis  inijci'ily  witli  a  t-onii'dy.  'i'lii<  Iniliaiis  bad  finnid  liinf,  Iti'litm  iippiarin^ 
,,,  I'liri  Si'aiif,  lit  dii'ss  ibi'nisiivfs  in  sni-li  ul"  tlit^  aflitrs'  cliillifH  as  iln-y  bail 
uLi'ii-  \Vilil  ('at  bad  ^Mtt  on  llu-  turban  ttf  Olbfllo;  anil  iilbi'rs  iiaii  sasbi's 
■ml  sjiaiiju'lt'S,  wliifli  liny  liink  fan-  In  tlispiay  In  aiivaiilajff.  NViiil  ('at 
.iiinvi'ii  a  rii'li  vt'ivi'l  ibi-ss  In  sitnit'  iit'triiics  wlin  allfrwards  faint!  in,  ant!  told 
,{i,ni  III-  would  not  laki'  ii  liinidird  brad  of  ratlli'  Tor  it. 

\l  Ciiw  (^rtifk  llitininoik,  nnir  l''orl  Wbiti',  llifin  was  a  skirniisb,  on  tlit; 
Ij  July,  I"  iwi'i'ii  Sfi-f,'.  Zi'i^drr  and  lliri:^  or  linir  ini^n,  and  '^1  hidiaiis.  A 
i,ii|Hinil  and  two  soidirrs  wnif  killi'tl,  and  liif  otliirs  Wfn?  vvitnndrtl. 

On  llii'  7  /Vii^nsl,  llii'ri>  ba|t|ii'iii'd  a  niost   borrid   niassai'ii;  at   Indian  l\v\. 


,N\  1" 


!rHiins  WITI!  killi'il   by  ibi;   Indians  in  liiiMr  barbantns  iiiann 


tiinon;; 


uliiiiii  was  \h:  lli'iny  I'l-rriiif,  liiniifily  of  ( 'onnrfiiriil,  a  sriinlilir  jri'iiib'- 
1,1,111,  wliii  iiail  loi'alt'il  liinisi'll'  lln^rit  tiir  tin-  piirposr  of  I'ldiivatiii;^'  snini'  ram 
iilaiils  v\liirli  111'  liad  obtaiiifil  in  Soiitli  AiiH'rira,  wliili'  risidin;;  liirrr  as  fon- 
,iil,  Tlu'ro  Wire  upon  Indian  Key,  at  tlii!  tiling  of  tins  niassat-rt',  II  |ti'opb', 
jll  (if  vvliitin  bad  tlii'  jfiiod  liirtiinr  to  csrapr,  t'M'rpI  llir  six  brlori'  naiiitid. 
Vllllic  liiinsi's  wcrt!  bniiifd  I'MTpt  oni'.  'I'lii!  nnnibi'r  uC  Indians  was  ^aill  to 
li,.  IDOor  150. 

(Ill  till"  10  AiisriiHt,  word  was  Itroiifibt  to  Fort  llarkn-,  tbat  an  rnfani|inn!nt 
n|' Imrniiis  was  disfovt'rtMl,  uboni  stni-ii  inilt^s  Cioni  tbi'iirr,  on  ibr  road  lit 
I'liri  Miii'lii'll.  liit'Ut.  M.  II.  Aillnir  ininirdialfly  niarcbt'd  out,  witli  "a  roiii- 
pjiiiy  ot"  soidirrs,"  to  snrjtrisr  tlii'ni.  Tlii-  oliji'il  was  ('lli'i'ttil ;  two  Indians 
mi'  killftl,  ttnt!  woiindi'tl,  anil  .'{  rillfs  takun.  Ilarly  in  ibf  iintrnin<r  nl"  llio 
sum'  ilay,  llif  lioiist!  of  iMr.  Wyli'y  Joiifs,  on  tin;  kfonlina,  alont  <;  milfH 
iiiirili  of  tlif  St.  .Iitst'pb's,  was  allafki'd  anil  burnt;  lli»!  Indians  siiot  iMrw. 
Jums  iiiiloMf  ol'lmr  fliildrfii ;  a  lilllf  ilan^'blfr  of  i:{  I'onvfyt'd  away  liinr  ttf 
liir  viiiiii^'fr  brittlif rs  ami  sistttrs  to  a  sati;  plai-i;,  and  llif n  rfturiiftl  Kt  huo 


Ii;il  lull!  bffonif  of  bfr  inolli 


Hi! 
IliT  I 


^lif  t'oiiiid  liiT  only  linit;  t;nonirb  to  HUt; 


'\|iirf !  anil  linn  inadf  a  si'i-ttnil  t'Sfa| 
AliiMit  tlif  niidillf  III'  Alienist,  flfyt'ii  l:nnili«;s  an:  miid  to  liayo  Itt'f n  brokfii 
:;|i,  nil  till'  Snaiiff  Riyt'i',  anil  a  ^ri-al  niinibfr  ol'  pt'oplf  killtd.  Anion^  tbi'iii 
uasllii'  liiinily  ttf  a  lAh'.  ('ituify.  lit?  was  from  bonif  at  ibf  tiiiif,  and  on  bis 
niMi'ii,  rmind  liis  witit  and  six  f liiltlrfii  niiirdfrfd,  and  Ifft  in  llif  iiiosi  bar- 
Iwmii.i  iiiaiini'r,  lii'rf  aiiti  tlifrt'  iyiiiif  about  tjif  liflils  wlii-rc  tlifv  li'll.  Of 
3if.  Iliivvf  ll's  liunily,  liis  witi;  anil  iiiif  fliild  wi'rf  killftl,  and  tlirif  olbfr  fliil- 
ilnii  iscapfd.  A  Mrs.  (ocimi  and  oni'  i-liilil  wi'if  alsit  ninrdfri'd.  A  Mrs. 
rollick  was  siiol  in  bfr  lioiisf  wliilf  pi-f  paring:  a  bfd  tor  bfr  fbildnn !     iMr. 


Iiiiiiii 


as  Dayis  and  two  fbiltlrfii,  anil  Sir.  I'atrifk's  tlan<rbtfr,  all  niindfiftl. 


On  till'  t  Sf ptfiiibfr,  as  ('apt.  It.  L.  |{faii,  witli  10  or  12  iiiimi,  was  upon  ;i 
Fidiil,  III'  rami'  siiddonly  n|ion  about  :{0  Indians,  wlio  all  fst-apfil  but  liinr; 
ilii' ii'st  sfi'iirt'd  tiifinsflyi's  in  a  swamp  on  Wai-oosasa  Kiyi'r.  Oiif  of  ibis 
lirixiiu'i's  was  said  to  Itf  llolatoof bcf,  a  siib-fiiiff  ot"  tbf  Mikasankifs.  Witli 
liiisi'  jirisiiMfrs  snyi'ral  }j;iiiis  were  ttdifii  "in  fjood  order,"  und  "ii  laiffo  duur- 
,>kiii  111!!  Ill'  bont'y." 

Hut  two  days  aftfr,   l/uMit.  N.  K.  Hanson  li;itl  a  smart  Itattli;  wilb  somo 
^'lllilllilf; 
llli'll 


lu-ar  I'orl    U^'kaboota.     Word    bciii^r   broii^dit   to   flif    lifiitfiiaat 
at  that  post,  that  Indians  vyfi'f  in  llif  yifinity,  bf  inmifdiatfly  inari-lifii 


dill  with  U")  re. ^ 


nlaiv 


iiid  \y|ifn  oiif  and  a  lialf  inilfs  from  tbf  fort,  \yas  lirfil 


ii|)on  i'roni  u  iiloomy  bommoi^k,  \yliif  b  obliirfti  liim  to  ri'trtiat  about  :W)0  yards 
III  all  ojd'n  wooil,  flosfly  piirsiifd  by  tiif  Jiidians.  llt'rf  bf  iiiailf  a  slant!, 
and  iMiatiiiiiiMl  tin-  lialit  about  lialf  an  lioiir,  at  wbit-li  timi*  tbf  Imlians,  to  (U'- 
I'uv  jiini,  ri'trfatfd  ajrain  to  tlif  bonmiofk  ;  but  Lit;nt.  Hanson,  lia\in<f  now 
live  of  his  nu!ii  killftl  .-mil  wountlfil,  fiinflinlfd  to  it'tri'at  wbilf  bf  ^^as  at  lib- 
erty to  ilo  HO.     Tbe  liriiij;  hud  brought  out  a  rfcnforcctufiit  under  Ca))t.  lluw- 


tit?  *,  ;il!il 


"►; 


} 


^r'-f 


?''H!''' 


►i  '■  ('. 


-  --.tl 


■M 


•M 


.r-y^ 


'■  11 


:^^T-^-'-<-^ 


ir>i 


AHKANSAH   IM'.I.Kli  VTION   lAII.S. 


[Hook  IV. 


kins,  who  not  lon^  iiOcr  cliin'^i'il  ili<>  Imnnnoi-k,  Itiit  lie  li)Mn(l  no  In,) 
'rill-  nunilirr  nf  liuliinis  hu|i|i<>si-iI  In  liiixc  liiu^lit  in  litis  sliiiinisl 


miiH. 


to  Im>  ho.     <  >n  iIm>  niorninf!  of  ilir  snnir  liay,  llic  siinir  Indinris,  ii  in  Hiiid,  |< 
ukI  lioiTiliJN  iMntilatcii  a  \ouni;  man  named  <ici^i'i-;    iiih  laail 


'  ^^'1"*  sillied 
lllr,| 


Mill  rairii'il  o|K 


WllH 


■"•'•Vl  Ifij 


On  llir  7  Sc|iirmlM'r,  liii'  liousr  of  n  Mr.  Dorscy  is  jilnnilcrnl  nnd  iiiniii-- 


linlunatt'lv,  lie   had   lati'lv  trmovcd   liis  liimily  to   Alaliama.     Aliont  t 


I   lIlH 


atii'i-.  I.it'ni.  Sanndns,  sconliiijr  with  a  parly  of  dra^rooiiH  in  the  nci^jiltoii,, 
of  l''oit  iMfllon,  i-ajtlnri'd  a  siiijflc  Indiini.  This  hriivr  coinpany  liisi  slmi  i| 
IM'isonrr,  and  atirrwards  hnn^  iiim  on  a  Idm*. 

A   mon<  jiacilit'  policy,  on  the  pari  ol'  llir  ^ovirnincnt,  iiad  lin-n  ii 
in  a  nuunu  .  not  to  l)t>  passed  nidici>dcd,  liy  tlir  pnltlir  rxprcssiori ;  aiiil 


ii'ir 


iMi^riilid, 


H< 


(picnlly,  (tc  <.  Arinisl<>ad   was  dirct'trd   to  art  on  the   protcciivt' 


ni||. 


sVMci 


II ; 


ir  !>!i 


>'i'iii|. 

O  CIIITV 


the  same  timr,  to  cndfavor  li\  cNcry  pofsiliic   mraiis  to  intlnrnrc  i| 
iioj<'s  to  ^o  ipiiclly  troni  tlu>  land  of  ijirii-  tittiicrs.     IMoro  cDrrtnaliv  t 
tliese  views   into  etU-et,  a  deputation  of  their  eounlryrnen   had   iicen  siih  i;,, 
heyonii  the   Mississippi,  and   treated  with  to  visit  l''h»ri(hi,  mid   inlen-idc  wni, 
their  friends  and   hioihers  to  "ive  np  the  eonnlry,  and  end  the  ciintrfiM. 
Aeeordin^Jtly,  liiis  proposition  was  aeeeih-d  to;  and  li)nrteen  ciiiet's  iniil  ml 


'IMTM, 


iri> 
I  llir  •> 


U'H   Arkansas  on  tiiis  embassy,  and  arrived  at  'I'aniim,  in   I'lorida,  m 
IVov<Mnher.    'I'hey  raine  prepared  to  assure  tlieir  eonntrymen  that  llicv  wniijii 
he  tin'  hi>tter  oil' in   Arkansas;   and  as  thi>y  had  heen  known  lo  linvc  In 


loriiln 
II'  tnni- 


CM'eediniriy  oppostMJ  to  emii^ration,  and  had  lieen  liireed  away  ti-oni  I' 
themsei\es,  ^reat   rehanee  was   phieed  npon  their  einh'tivors  to  end  ll 
hies.      And   to  satisly  the   wliites  of  tjieir  >rood   intentions,  they  left  till  i| 
wives  and  chihinMi  iieliind.      Anion;;  them  were  the  noted  chiefs,  Ai.i, 
lloi.ATooi  iii'.i'.,  and   iMi<  amii'v  ;   anil  on  the   morning  of  the  ltd    t!ii'\ 


irir 
iliATdli, 


•lilll- 


neneed  their  march  of  100  miles  (i)r  l''i)rt  Kin>r,  where  tiiey  wero  to  Imvom 
interview  with  some  of  the  hostile  chiefs. 

The  deputation  arrived  at  l''ort  Kin^' in  aliont  4  dnvH,  vi'/.,  on  tlictitji,  .iikj 
(Jen.  Armisteail  on  the  7th.  livery  elliut  was  now  made  to  discuss  imiiiirs 
with  freedom;    and    llalec  TiistennjrJie,  Ti^'er-tail,  and    many  oilicis,  wen. 


wnitin<i  in  the  woods,  not  tiir  otK  when  the  hetiire-namcd   fnncl 


IllllllI'M'r 


rived.  Sundry  conli<rences  and  talks  were  iiad  dnrinp  the  liillowiiifr  sl\  dm'; 
Iint  what  was  said  and  done  we  are  not  iniiirmed ;  thon^rh,  jnd^'iii^li'i.i,i  v.'.t 
liappened  immiMliately  atler,  it  could  not  have  heen  very  satisliictoiy  to  ij 
Indians,  whatever  they  may  lia\«!  |»reteiideil ;  li)r,  on  tln>  night  ':'.'  liic  11  \,\. 
vi'iiiher,  tiiey  all  took  lea\e  very  unceremonionsly,  and  retired  into  tliiiriijil 
liistnesses,  as  was  conjecturi'd,  (iir  they  said  nolliiiifj  ahoiit  tliat,  nor  liiil  iln 
whites  have  an  opportunity  of  j-nessing  where  tli«\v  liud  fioiie  tiiitil  the  mxi 
inorninir.  At  this  conduct  of  the  hostiles,  those  troin  Arkansas  cxihoskI 
themselves  "  utterly  astonished."  As  soon  as  the  general  was  iiirorincil  m' 
the  escape  of  the  hidians,  which  was  "early  the  next  morning,"  lie  wrniiio 
the  secretary  of  war,  Mr.  I'oi.nsk.tt,  in  the  lollowing  desponding  sliiiiii:-| 
"'J'lius  have  ended  all  our  well-grounded  lio|iesof  hriiiging  tiie  war  toii(|ii<e  ] 


nres ;    contident  in  the  resources  of  the  couiitrv,  ll 


II'  riiriiil 


liy  pacific  meas 

will  hold  out  to  :he  last,  and  can  never  he  induced  to  come  in  again,    iiiiiiii'- 
«liately  upon  the  withdrawal  of  the   hidians,  orders  were  transiiiillcil  loiniii. 
inanders  ol'  regiments,  to  put  their  troops  in  motion;  nnd  heliirc  this  iiiiclii- j 
you,  they  will  Ix'  scouting  in  every  direction." 

Notwithstanding  these  ell'orts  at  iieace-making  on  the  jmrt  of  tlic  \iliiii\ 
liostiliiies  did  not  entirely  cease  on  tlu-  side  of  the  hidians.  On  the  17  dr- 
toher,  a  party  went  to  (  t)l.  (iamhie's  iilaiitatioii,  at  Welauiie,  in  .lill'dHi!! 
county,  where  they  tired  u|)on  and  wounded  a  negro  man,  and  took  m  wdiiiaii,] 
with  whom  they  made  off:  hut,  in  their  tliglit,  meeting  witli  a  coiii|iiiiiy(ii' 
whites,  they  left  her,  and  she  escaped.  On  tiie  '^Itli,  some  lilomllioiiii(l>  Itil 
a  coinpany  of  soldiers  to  a  house,  in  Middle  I'lorida,  in  which  three  u'/ii'/c  iiieni 
weiv  captured,  charged  w  itii  aiding  and  abetting  tli<^  hidiaiip. 

At  Col.  llansoii's  jilantatioii,  ahoiit  ',10  Indians  made  (juito  a  "biisinrssnii^ 
eratioii,"  on  the  '^H  October,  v\liicli,  without  any  other  insvmnre  tliiin  ilioir| 
own  peculiar  tactics,  was,  to  say  the  least  of  if,  a  very  "risky  tiansnrtinii,' 
Such  is  our  judgment  iijion  it,  inasmudi  as  the  place  vvliere  it  was  done  wal 


n-i 


hi 


t»'>')K    IV. 

\v  I'ouiul  111)  liiiliiuis. 
4  skimiisli,  \viis  siuicd 
diaiiH,  il  iH  Htiiil,  killi'il 
liir.  Iicnil  wild  MV(  iiil 

iiiitlcri'il  mill  liiinit  ;— 
una.      Almnl  Irii  dnw 

IH  ill  till'  III'I^IiIxiI'IiiiikI 

iiui|)aiiy  lirsl  slmi  ilnn- 

lit,  liail  Imm'M  iiiMii.'«ti(l, 
rxiin'ssioii ;  nail,  nm- 
|iro(('clivc  i^vslnii;  m 

to  illtllKMIII'    llll'   Si  liil- 

(irc.  I'lVcrtiially  In  i'.uia 
iiini  liail  Im'i'Ii  siiii  lin, 
•ilia,  aiiil  iiitrivrilr  wnli 
iial  i-ntl  (111'  i'iiiilrinrr-\. 
urtfi'ii  fliii'ts  mill  ullu  i> 
jta,  ill  riiiiiila,  mi  llir  •; 
ilrvii"'"  •''"'  ''"'J  \\'"iM 
>ll  "kll'iVVll   III   lllivr  lircli 
irri'd  away  tVmii  I'lunilii 
uU-avors  to  I'liil  tin-  limi- 
iitioiis,  tlii'V  It'll  nil  llll ir 

liotl'll  I'llil'tK  Al.l.HlATIill, 

iijr  ,)t'  till'  :!•!,  llii'\  I'l'l"- 

HM-f  tlicy  W«'l'l'  '•'  llllM'ilM 

days,  viz.,  oii  llii' (illi.ami 

inaiif  to  disriiss  iii;iii(rs 

,  and    iiiiuiy  otlii'is,  win: 

l'-iiamt;d  rimcruminii's  ar- 

ijttlic  follow  in}:  s'mIiiv-; 

lou^di,  .ivi'lf-'"'!-' '"'■'•'■' ^^^ 
II  vi'fv  satiHructory  to  li  : 

n  tln>  iii|I»it  -r  i"'*'  11  N"- 
and  i-i'tin'd  into  llinn*! 
,.r  about  tiint,  nor  iliii  il"' 
"^  liad  ?:oiu'  until  tlii"  \'.n\ 
ti-oni  Arkansas  I'Xinvssnl 
CMK-ral  was  inforiiu'il  "l 
irM  morninfr,"!""^^ '■""'"• 
■inu:  drspoiidinsi  strain:- 
l.rinuiii}:  tlu'  wiir  ti.  a  .in' 
„r  tin-  I'ouiitry,  till'  ii»'w! 
to  coiiu'  in  ap'i"-  l'*'""'" , 
^v^«rl•  transmitti'iltonmi.] 
„,;  and  lu'forc  tins  ivirIhs 

„,  tlio  part  of  till- yJiiH] 
Indians.     On  tiii'  IMi- 
at  Wi'launo,  in  .lrlUi>'"i 
in.  man,  and  took  a  woum, 
,.,.,1,1.  witli  a  .■onipiiyo 
.itli   some  l)looillu'iiiHl>  W 
1,  in  wliicli  thri'o  ivhik  ii«| 
lliV  Inilians.  . 

„ado  Muitc  a"bii'*i"f^'t 
other  hisurancc  tliaii  llrt 
a  v»>ry"risky  traiij'nctioii.l 

fliice  Wliere  it  was  iloue  vai 


CHAr^ 


XXI. 1   ii.AUNKYS  i:xri;inTi()N  TO  Tin:  i',vi',u(ii,Ai)i:s. 


ir>r, 


niilv/iro  Mii'/f.*  from  St.  AiiKMstinc  Alllioii(.'li  liny  did  not  NiiciTcd  l.i  \hr 
i,,ll.iil  ol'llu-ir  wishi'H,  yi-l  lliry  took  and  rairird  oll'all  ilic  hhmkt'ls  and  other 

i.|„iliiii^r  wiiii'li  had  Imcii  |irovidi>il  tor  a  "larnr  stork  ol'  iicffiorf*,"  |or  tl n- 

^iiiiii!  winter;  and  when  ahoiit  to  lire  the  hnildin^'s,  heeame  alarmed  hy  the 
;,,,|ir(miii  of  some  neif^hhoriiij;  while.s,  whom  a  iiej^ro  had  inliirmed  of  what 
mis  L'liii'K  en,  and  lied  without  doin^'  liirllier  miseiiiei:  'I'liey  had  intended 
1,1  liiivi' I'lirried  oil' all  the  nIiim-s,  hiil  were  |ireveiited  l>y  tiiis  eirennist/mce. 
Willi  (at  i"*  ^<dd  to  have  In!  llie  Indians  in  this  e.xpedilion. 

IViijile  llocki!d  in  and  pu'ri.soncd  the  plaee,  and  wati-hed  all  iiii;ht  for  the 
p,|,{rii  (if  the  Indians,  who  doiihtlesri  had  not  the  most,  distant  idea  of  repeat- 
iMr  ihiir  visit.     'This   led   to  one  of  those   melancholy  events,  aeeonnls  of 

ii,;iii\  ol  whieli  are  already  upon  our  ri rils.     'Tlie  news  of  the  dcsecnt  upon 

loLllMiisiin's  farm  was  carried  immediately  to  I'icolata,  which  caused  l/iciit. 
ijpiiniii  to  march  w'»h  a  small  force  (iir  that  place,  hopin^r  to  surprise  tlio 
liiiliaiis  there,  or  in  its  vicinity.  Accordinfjly,  hi;  a|iproaclied  it  with  ^reat 
,;.iiiiiii  ahoiit  '-l  o'clock  on  the  niiirirm;r  of  the  next  day,  not  knowing  that 
.miiih  Imd  heeii  set  to  receive  the  Indians,  should  they  return;  and,  miliir- 
iiiiiii'ly,  heiiiK  himself  and  company  laki^ii  liir  Indians,  wen;  liriMl  upon,  imii 
Sii'.  Wiilcott  was  mortally,  and  liieiil.  (iraliam  severely  wounded. 
Oiiilic  same  day,  the  post  rider  hetweeii  h'orts  l''annin^  and  IMiicomh  was 
;;,iiiii|  iiiiirilercd,  ipiarlered,  and  thrown  into  n  pond. 

j'.vi'iy  ilay  adds  new  scenes  to  the  trajredy.  On  the  1st  day  of  Novemher, 
]<  l.iiMit.  .Inild,  with  iMr.  I''alany  and  three  ilriii^'oons,  was  proceeding;  from 
I'orl  Srarle.  liir  St.  Aii>,'nstine,  they  were  fncil  upon  when  near  the  eiffhl- 
iiiili'-|iiisl,  hy  Indians  concealed  in  hushes  alon<r  the  road,  hy  which  a  S'-rfreant 
]ii{|  IIIII1  private  were  killed,  and  iMr.  I'alany  and  another  private  severtdy 
wiiiiMili'il.  Iiieut.  Jiidd  escaped,  as  it  were,  hy  a  miracle,  lie  rode  with  tlin 
noiiiiili'il  soldier  till  he  lldl  from  his  hor.se,  then  dismounting',  dra^'^red  him 
frniii  llll-  |iath,  and  the  Indians  lieiiig  Just  upon  him,  conceah3d  liitnscif  in 
ilic liiislii'S  until  they  <;ave  up  the  chase. 

Alioiit  the  same  time  Col.  Harney  captm'ed  l!2  Indians  (womini  imd  eliil- 
<|n'ii)iirar  Tort  Keid,  on  the  St.  John's,  lie  iixnid  them  in  possession  of  50 
|,l;iiikits,  nio.stly  new,  pieces  of  calico,  &.c.,  supposed  to  huvo  been  takun 
from  liiilian  Key,  when  it  was  destroye'd  in  Aiifiust  last. 

I'lir*  Hanson,  ITi  miles  from  St.  Aiif,Mistine,  was  ahandonod  ahfiut  the  5 
Noviniiii'i',  and  in  two  or  three  hours  after  was  hurnt  hy  the  Indians. 

Kiirly  ill  Deceitdier,  (vol.  Harney,  as  much  now  the  terror  of  th<!  Seminolns 

s*('oi.  ('Iiiirch  was  to  tlu;  VVampanoaf^s,  or  Daniel  IJoone  to  the  Kikapoos, 

iiiiili'i'tiikcs  an  expedition  into  the  evergladi^s.     These   much  heard  of  atul 

!ill!i'  known  retreats  extend  ttvvv  perhaps   100  square  miles.     They  are  an 

fjpaiisi'  of  shoal  \vat(!r,  varying;  in  depth  from  one  to  five  fe«!t,  dotted  with 

iiiiiiiiiicrahle  low  and   Hat   islands,  jjjeiK^rally  covensil  with  trees  or  shriihs. 

Much  (if  the  wat(!r  is  shaded  hy  an  almost  iinpen(!trahle  saw-jfrass,  as  hii^li 

isa man's  head,  hut  the  little  channels  in  eviiiy  direittion  are  frei!  from  it. 

iiliail  liocii  lonir  suppos(;d,  that  upon  the  islands  in  some  |)art  of  this  district 

llielmrmiis  had  their  head-ipiarters,  from  whcMice  they  had  issued  upon  their 

Josiiui'tive  expeditions.     This  suspicion  imiounted  to  a  certainty  a  litth;  ho- 

I  fore  1 1  lid,  tVoin  the  testimony  of  a  neirro  naniiMl  John,  who  had  escaped  from 

a  clan  ill  that  rej^ion  and  come  in  at  (/'ape   I'lorida.     lie  had  heen  with  the 

Iniliaiis  >iiiice  \i^'Mi,  at  which  timt;  he  was  captured  hy  them  from   Dr.  (irew. 

JTliiicrme  it  was  determiiuMl   hy  (^ol.  Harney  to  take  .John  as  a  jmide,  and 

leiiiliavor  to  strike  an  elV.ctual  hlow  upon  thetn  in  their  own  fiistness.     Ac- 

Icoriliiinly,  with  00  men   in  boats,  Ik;  set  out  to  traversi;  that   moiiotonoi.s 

Iwuiiil,  the  everglades.     John  liiithfiilly  jierformiMl  his  promise;,  and  led  tie 

hriiiimiciit  tlin'ctly  to  the  island  where  the   Indians  wen;,  wliicli  was  at  once 

|!iirioiiii(le(l,  and  I5H  prisoners  taken  and  y  killed.     It  |»roved  to  hi;  the  hand 

Ioi'Cmvi-ki-ka,  as  *' noted  a  rogue"  as  Tatoson  of  old.     Hi;  it  was,  it  is  said, 

mini  k'll  the  party  that  d(!Slroy(;d  Indian  Key,  and  traitiirously  massacred  (/"ol. 

llariii  v's  men  at  the  Synebal.     As  direct  (;videnc,('  of  the  fact,  upwards  of 

dollars'  worth  of  the  goods  taken  from  Dr.  I*(;rrine's  settlement  were 

deiitilied,  and  KlColt's  riHes  lost  at  the  Synebal  were  fdund ;  therefore,  as 

loffset  to  those  atiliirs,  nine  of  the  "warriors"  were  forthwith  executed  by 

angiug,  iuul  tlie  tenth  was  preserved  for  a  future  guide. 


'  '''Jl'.ir'     •( 


AylM 


156 


MRS.  MONTGOMERY  KILLED. 


[Book  IV. 


When  Col.  Hiirney  camo  upon  Cliaikika'ri  hiind,  tho  rliiof  wan  at  n  Hliort 
intnni'fl  from  IiIh  |)(M)|)lt!,  chopping  wood,  and  onthficovttrihg  that  tlie  Tocw 
thcin,  find  witli  all  IiIh  might  tor  tiiu  liigii  grnxH,  "' 


mil 
I'm; 


d 

upon  them,  find  with  all  liiH  might  tor  tiiu  liigii  gniHH.  Sovcrul  huldii. 
Htartcd  in  pnrnnit,  hut  hu  outran  tli(;in  all  oxct-pt  a  |)rivat<^  imtncd  lliil" 
When  hi!  f()nMd  lio  could  not  cHcapo  trom  him,  and  hnini,'  niini  hmmI,  Id.  ti,,.,,  j 
ahout,  and  with  a  MUiiln  of  NuhmiHsion  on  Imh  fiicn,  thri^w  up  liiHarins  i' 
token  of  Murrcndcr.  TliiH  availed  him  nothing.  Mall  Icvrllcd  Imm  ritlc,  whici' 
Rent  u  hullnt  through  his  Hkidl  into  IiIh  hrainn,  and  iii^  tl>il  liii>|f^s  |',,,„  ,|  \ 
wat(;r  hut  a  little  distance  from  the  (ijion;  of  the  island !  ilow  liki;  thr 
of  the  /real  VVampanoag  chief!  Col.  Harney  had  one  man  killed  and 
wounded,  of  whom  negro  John,  the  pilot,  was  one. 

'I'hero  was  great  rejoicing  at  the  h'H'c<'«h  of  C«)I.  Harney  (dl  over  Tldiida- 
and  although  his  mmnnury  vengeance  ujxin  some  of  the  prisoticrK  ni||,  ,| 
forth  imprecations  from  many,  tliose  were  drowned  hy  the  general  liiirHi  (,i 
uftprohation ;  hut  this  was  damped  in  sonu;  degree  by  t'le  loss  ofuMrv 
vaiual)le  and  meritorious  othcer,  who  die<l  immediately  nllcr  tlie  exiicdiiioii 
returned  ti-om  the  everglades.  Tiiis  was  i'u\n.  W.  H.  liavidson,  wlio  di,,d  |„ 
Iiulian  K(!y  «»n  tho  y4th  «>f  tho  same  month,  Irorn  disease  engendered  while 
U|)on  that  s(;rvice. 

Ahout  this  time,  or  previous  to  23  Dccendter,  Tiger-tail's  eon  and  lnotlicr 
with  (several  others,  cauie  in  to  Fort  King  aiul  sin'retidercd.  The  old  rliit  f 
himself  was  «laily  exi)ected  in  also,  but  tliat  expectation  only  amounted  to;, 
disa|)pointm(fnt.  Not  long  afler  these  Indians  came  in,  a  party  went  to  l"(]|t 
Walker,  between  Micanopy  and  Newnansville,  where  tiiey  killed  three  iiifrroijj 
and  wounded  one  white  woniati,  without  heimr  molested. 

On  the  morning  of  the  li!)  I)ccend)er,  a  wagon  was  ordered  to  prorcrd 
from  Fort  Micano|)y  to  Fort  Wacahoota,  and  notwithstanding  "  positive  orders 
hud  been  given  by  tho  commanding  general,  t()rbiddlng  any  escort  from  |to>t 
to  post  to  consist  of  less  than  liO  men,"  but  11  went  on  this  occasion.  Tlioy 
were  undf  r  the  conuiiand  of  liieuts.  Sherwood  and  ilopson,  and  "as  tlii; 
morning  \Na8  tine,  a  .Mrs.  Montgomery,  wili)  of  Ijeut.  iMontgoniery,  rode  diit 
with  them."  This  company  had  got  scarcely  three  miles  on  the  way  wiicn 
it  Hdl  into  an  ambush,  aiul  Mrs.  Montgomery,  Lieut.  Sherwood,  a  serijfam- 
major,  and  two  privates  were  immediately  killed.  Lieut  Sherwood  anil  a  M- 
dier  sacrificed  themselves  to  save  Mrs.  Montgomery,  lait  it  availed  her  nothinir, 
Her  husband  arrived  on  the  ground  soon  after,  but  she  was  dead,  and  a 
soldier  was  lying  by  her  side  in  the  agonies  of  death,  but  had  stremrth  enoiiijli 
to  say  to  her  husband,  "  Lieutenant,  1  fought  for  your  wife  as  long  as  1  ronld," 
and  then  expired !  Mrs.  Montgomery  was  an  accomplished  lady  fioni  Cin- 
cinnati, and  had  not  been  niarried  but  about  three  weeks. 

About  the  same  titiic  two  wagoners  were  killed  on  the  way  from  Piiatka 
to  F'ort  Riis.soll.  They  started  in  odvance  of  the  escort. — Such  are  sonic  of 
the  most  prominent  events  of  Florida  warfare,  which  brings  our  account  ul' 
it  to  the  close  of  tiio  year  1840. 


"WS,"^ 


(Book  IV. 

cliief  wan  i\t  n  Hliort 
M^riii^  tlint  thu  toe  wag 
HHH.    Hisvcrul  Holilicru 

|)riviite  iiiuikhI  Hull. 

Ini;  iiiinnnnl,  lit>  \'n | 

liiTW  \i|)  liiH  arms,  in 
|(;vi:lltMl  li'iHritlt',  vvliidi 
in  ll'll  lili'U'Hs  iiitii  ilir 
1(1!  Mow  lik<!  till!  liill 
It!  iimii  killed  uiul  I'lMt 

irnny  nil  over  rioriiia; 
tt"  tins  |)riHont'rfi  callnl 
,V  tli«!  gjiienil  liiirt*!  m 

by  t'«»)  loss  (if  a  mtv 
oiy  nllcr  tlio  cxitcirnioii 

|)iivi(lH()ii,  >vlio  (liiMJ  at 
seusc  ('iigtndered  wiiiKi 

jr-tail's  son  nnd  Itrntlicr, 
•ii(l(n-cd.  'I'lio  old  cliK  t' 
ion  only  nmonntcd  in  u 
in,  11  purty  went  Kj  I'ort 
tliey  killed  tliree  iiinrotH 
isted. 

wna  ordercMl  to  procird 
stiinding  "  poHilive  onlcrs 
\ng  any  escort  troiii  \hh 
oil  tins  occnsion.  'riicy 
id  llopson,  and  "as  llie 
jt.  Montgomery,  rode  iiit 

niil<!M  on  the  way  wlun 

It.  Sherwood,  n  siirpeaiil- 

iieut  Sherwood  and  a  sol- 

J)iit  it  availed  tier  luilliiiii:, 

jut  she  was  deail,  iiiul  a 

but  had  strenuili  (!iioii!.'li 
wife  as  long  us  I  roiilil," 
jinplished  lady  from  tin- 
veeks. 

on  the  way  from  Pilatka 

s,.ort. — Such  are  some  of 
ich  b'ings  our  account  of 


BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY 


OF   THE 


INDIANS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA. 


BOOK  V. 


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BIOC 
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Particula 
ions — ^ 
—Spec 
ketil: 
unite  I 
inhabit 
I'kisk.i 
i'irc  Ir 

The 

liy  tlie 
and  soil 
must  he 
tiiey  an 
till'  niiiii 
indeed 
Piiiiie  fro 
tlie  iiilia 


'  "  Le 

I'n  (til : 
aulrel'ois  p, 
t"  Iraijiaiit 
mision7ii 
solidcs,  (ju 
Loskiel,  i 
t  "  Ces 
nominer  po. 
lager  en  cii 
<t  Us  Agni, 


ii 


:*  t;«i 


BOOK    V. 


'■   :"  ,■  i^'il 


BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY  OF  THE  IROQUOIS 
OR  FIVE  NATIONS,  AND  OTHER  NEIGHBORING 
TRIBES  OF  THE  WEST. 


-■•■*'^1^] 


■t 


Nurslingg  of  nature,  I  mark  your  bold  bearing, 

Pride  in  eacb  aapect  and  strengtb  in  each  form. 

Hearts  of  warm  Impulse,  and  aouU  of  high  daring', 

Born  in  the  battle  and  reared  in  the  8torm. 

The  red  levin  flash  and  the  thunder'u  dread  rattle, 

The  rock-riven  wa'/e  and  the  war  trumpet's  breath, 

The  din  of  the  tempest,  the  yell  of  the  batile, 

Nerve  your  steeled  bosoms  to  danger  and  death. — J.  R.  Drakb. 


CHAPTER  L 


Particulars  in  the  history  of  the  laoquois  or  Five  Nations — Extent  of  their  aomin- 
ions — Antiquities  and  traditions — Destroy  the  Eries — War  with  the  Adirondaks 
—Specimen  of  their  language — Account  of  the  chiefs — Granguele — Bi.ack- 
KETTLE — His  bloody  tears  with  the  French — Adario — His  singular  stratagem  to 
unite  his  countrymen  against  the  French — Destroys  Montreal  and  near  a  thousand 
inhabitants — Dies  in  peace  with  the  French — Dekamsora  a  :tnowned  orator — 
Pkiskaret — The  miraculous  stories  concerning  him.  History  of  the  journey  of 
Fire  Iroquois  chiefs  to  England. 

The  great  western  confederacy  of  Indian  nations  has  commonly  been  styled 
liytlie  French,  Iroquois,*  hut  generally  by  the  English,  the  Five  J^ations] 
and  sometimes  the  Six  JVaiions ;  but  either  of  the  two  latter  appellations 
must  1)0  considered  only  as  such,  because  we  sliall  show,  as  we  proceed,  that 
tilt  V  are  not  numerically  true  now,  if  they  ever  were.  Five  may  have  been 
the  liuiiiher  which  originally  leagued  together,  but  when  that  happened,  if 
iiuked  it  ever  did,  can  never  be  known.  It  is  a  tradition  that  these  people 
came  from  beyond  the  lakes,  a  great  while  ago,  and  subdued  or  exterminated 
the  iuhabitauts  of  the  country  on  this  side.    Even  if  this  were  the  case,  it 


*  "  liC  nom  (I'Iroquois  est  piiremcnt  Fraii9ois,  et  a  ot«'  forme  du  terme  Hico,  qui  sif^nifie, 
I'ai  (lit :  ct  pnr  que!  cos  sauvages  fuiisscnt  tons  lours  diseours,  comme  Ics  Latins  faisoient 
autrefois  par  lour  Di.ri ;  et  de  Koue,  qui  est  lui  cri,  tanlot  dc  tristesse,  lorsqu'on  Ic  prononce 
on  traiuaut,  el  tanl6t  de  joyc,  quand  on  le  prononce  plus  court.  Leur  noin  propre  est  Asron- 
nonsiomii,  qui  veut  dire  Faiseurs  de  (^ahaniies ;  parce  qu'ils  les  batissent  hcauooup  plus 
solidcs,  que  la  j.iunart  dcs  autres  siiuva^es."  Chwlcroix,  \.  210— ),  (sub  anno  IG  Mi,)  also 
Loskiel.  i,  2. — iLcKcwelder — and  Forstfi'^s  Nurthnm  Vnijan^rs. 

t  "  CV.5  harhares  ne  sont  qn'nne  seule  nalion,  et  qn'iin  seiil  hith-H  puhlic.  On  poiirroit  let 
nominer  pour  la  distribution  du  terrain,  Ifs  Suisses  de  ce  continent.  Les  Iroqiinis  sont  par- 
tiiger  en  cinq  cantons,  SQavoir  les  Tsononto'lans,  les  ilmjoo;oans,  les  Onnotagues,  les  OrwyotUt, 
ttUs  AgnUs."    (Lahontaii,  i.  35.)    By  the  Asnies  we  are  to  understand  Molutwks. 


t.'' ;■;•"■ 


Sill 


■4*. . 


fwrn 


COUNTRY  OF  THE  IROdUOIS. 


[Book  V. 


proves  notliiiif?  of  thv'w  origin  ;  for  then;  may  liavo  boon  a  tiriu;  wlii'ii  tlieir 
aiictstorH  went  ih)in  tliis  sidt^  to  tlif,  country  lujyoiul,  and  mj  on.  'l'|„,  y^^^ 
liavvks,  sointi'iiiH's  callcul  U'lthiniri,  arc  siid  to  liavo  been  tlic  oldest  of  t||„ 
coidl'dcracy,  ami  tliat  tlio  "  Onayants  "  (Onoidas)  wi-n;  tin;  fn-st  tliat  joiiK.,! 
them  by  puttiiij;  tlicmsjdvoH  imdcr  tlii.'ir  protection.  TIm;  Onondajros  \V|.|„ 
till!  next,  then  tlie  "  Teuontowanos,  or  Sinikcrs,"  (Scnccas.)  tlicn  ilic  "("(liui/ 


••tilird 


guos,"  (Cayn<.'as.)     The  Tnscaroras,  from  Carolina,  joined  tlieni  jilioii!   j;].) 
but  wcH!  not  Ibrmally  admitted  into  the  confederacy  until  about  10  vcjiis 
alter  tint.     'I'Ik!  addition  of  this  new  tribe  jjained  them  the  name  of  t 
Nations,  accordinji,'  to  most  writers,  but  it  w  ill  appear  that  they  wtjrc 
the  Six  Nations  long  before  the  last-named  period.* 

The  Shawanesc!  were  not  ol'  the  conlederacy,  but  were  called  brothers  \,y 
them.  Tliis  nation  came  from  th(!  south,  at  no  very  n^moti?  period,  jhhI  the 
Iroquois  assigned  them  lands  on  the  west  branch  of  the  tiuscpieiuunialj  Ijnt 
looked  upon  them  as  inferiors. 

The  dominions  of  this  "  United  Pciophs "  cannot  be  jmrticularly  discribcd 
for  tiiey  were  never  stationary  ;  at  one  time  they  extended  beyond  the  j^i 
Lawrence  and  the  ]Mississipj)i,  and  at  anothtir  they  were  circiiuisciiln.,! 
between  them.  Smith,  the  historian  of  New  York,  says,  "Our  Indiiins 
universally  concur  in  the  claim  of  all  the  lands  [in  l/iKi]  not  sold  to  tlm 
Knglish,  ti-om  the  mouth  of  Sorel  River,  on  the  south  side  of  Lakes  Uric  ,iiid 
Ontario,  on  Ijotii  sides  of  the  Ohio,  till  it  falls  into  the  Mississippi ;  .-iiid  m, 
the  north  side  of  those  lakes,  that  whole  territory  betw»!en  the  ()iitii\.iiis 
River,  aiid  the  Lake  Huron,  and  even  beyond  the  straits  between  thai  tMd 
Lake  Eri(>." 

"  When  the  Dutch  began  the  settlement  of  New  York,  all  the  Indians  on 
Long  Island,  and  the  northern  shore  of  the  sound,  on  the  banks  of  Connecticut, 
Hudson,  Delaware,  and  Suscpiehannab  Rivers,  were  in  subjection  to  tiic  Five 
Nations ;  and  within  the  memory  of  jjcrsons  now  living,  acknowledjrcd  it 
by  the  payment  of  an  amnial  tribute."  As  a  proof  of  this  it  is  mentioned  tlmt 
"  a  little  tribe,  settled  at  the  Sugar-loaf  mountain,  in  Orange  comity,  to  tliis 
day,  [175(i,]  make  a  yearly  i)ayment  of  about  £'^0  to  the  Mohawks." f 

Among  the  many  tribes  or  nations  which  they  wholly  or  partially  (lestio\rd 
were  the  Eries,  a  poweri'ul  tribe  on  the  southern  shore  of  the  great  iiiki; 
whose  name  they  bore.  In  the  year  1()53  they  were  entirely  extirpated,  mid 
no  renmant  of  them  has  since  been  heard  of  in  existence.}: 

When  the  French  setded  in  Canada  in  1(111,  it  was  upon  the  lands  of  the 
Adirondaks,  above  Tiu'ee  Rivers.  They  found  them  at  war  with  tlic  Iro- 
quois, then  mainly  seated  along  the  southern  side  of  Lake  Ontario.  Tlic 
Adirondaks,  by  tlu;  assistance  of  the  French,  were  able  to  deii'at  their 
enemies  in  every  battle,  who  at  length  were  in  danger  of  a  total  extermina- 
tion. Meanwhile  the  Dutch  had  begun  their  trade  in  the  Hudson  Kivcr, 
which  they  profitably  carried  on  in  arms  with  the  Irocpiois.  Being  now  all" 
to  meet  the  Adirondaks  on  more  eipial  footing,  they  continued  the  war,  ami 
with  such  success,  that  the  Adirondaks,  in  their  turn,  became  almost  de 
Btroyed. 

The  Six  Nations  did  not  know  themselves  by  such  names  as  the  Eiiirlish 
ajjply  to  them,  but  the  naiue  Aquanusclnoni,§  which  signified  united  ptupk. 
was  used  by  them.||  This  term,  as  is  the  case  with  most  Indiiin  woids.  is 
defined  by  a  knowledge  of  its  etymology.  A  knowledge  of  the  Indian  i;iii- 
guages  would  enable  us  to  know  what  almost  every  place  in  the  coiintiy  has 


*  In  the  Brilish  Empire,  ill.  5(5,  it  is  said,  "  The  Cowelas  also,  or  Creek  Indians,  are  in  ilie 
snuio  tricjidsliip  with  ihem." 

t  Hi'iectetl  from  the  H>e//-sclected  notes  to  Sears's  Poem,  entitled  Mineral  Waters. 
j  Clmrlerui.c. 


in 
lliev 


^  I.o.skiel,  Hist.  Mis.  1.  2.  "  They  say  themselves,  that  ihcy  have  sprung  and  },'rn\vii  up  m 
that  very  place,  like  the  very  trees  of  the  wilduriiess."  William's  Key.  Anotlior  name  lliev 
oflen  gave  themselves  was,  Otigiie-homce,  wluch  siifiiificd,  a  people  sur|)assing  all  olliors. 
llist.Iirit.  Dominions  in  A'.  America.     Book  iii.  .55,  (ed.  'Ho.  Lond.  1773.) 

II  At  a  great  asseinlilage  of  chiefs  and  warriors  at  Albany,  in  August,  17k),  the  chief  sneakel 
of  the  Six  Nations  informed  the  English  commissiono.-s  that  ihey  had  !akcu  in  llio  Mcssf 
sagiies  as  a  seventh  nation.    Colden,  Hist,  F.  Nations,  ii,  175. 


)  *■> 


Chap.  I] 


GRANGULA.— DE  LA  BARRE'S  EXPEDITION. 


have  sprung  and  i^rown  up  in 

B;i's'  Key.     Aiiotlicr  iinmi^  Uicv 

people  surpassing  all  oihors. 

\uf.iist.nUi,lliefli"'fsnMkfi 
they  liad  taken  iu  Uic  Messf 


Ixjen  noted  for;  wlietlier  liill  or  uiountaiii,  hrook  or  river.  It  is  siiid  by 
Colden,*  that  Now  Eiiffluiid  wus  called  Ainsho)i,  by  tin;  Indians,  vvliicli,  lie 
say.s,  ineans  a  fisii ;  f  and  tliat  tlu;  New  Knfiland  Indians  sent  to  the  InHjuoia 
a"ino.l<;l  of  a  fisn,  as  a  token  of  tluir  adlierin;;  to  tlic  general  covenant." 
The  waters  of  New  England  are  eertainly  ulmndantly  stored  with  fish; 
liciice  the  name  of  "the  Fishiinr  /\o/j/(." 

\Ve  will  here  present  a  .speeinieii  ol"  the  langnage  of  the  Six  Nations,  in 
the  Lord's  Prayer,  all  of  wiioin,  except  tlie  Tuscaioras,  "  sjieak  a  language 
riidifally  the  same,"  So-ung-wau-ne-lta  criu-ro-vnk-yaw-s;a,t€li-see-ta-ro-an, 
saiih-soii-e-you-sta,  esa,  suw-an-c-i/ou,  o-ket-tauh-se-la,  cli-ne-au-woni!;,  na,  cau- 
ronunk-yawga,  naugh-wou-slutug(t,  tie-al-k-wih-nc-sa-lauga,  laug-wau-nau-to- 
n-m-an-loiigh-sirk,  to-an-laug-wt-ltt-whc-^iini-slaung,  chc-ncc-i/cut,  cha-qua- 
tmi-la-Uh-ivhe-ijou-sl(iun-ii(t,  tough-sdu,  taugh'Uutus-sa-re-nefi,  ta-waul-ot-ten-au- 
inil-uugh-toung-ga,  nas-aw-ne,  sa-chc-mi-laug-UHts,  co-an-lth-sal-oh-aun-za- 
l:k-aw,  cstt,  saw-au-nc-you,  esa,  sasli-aulz-i<t,  esa,  soung-wa-soung,  chen-ne- 
luili-a-uug-wa,  aii  wen.l 

I't'iliaps  we  cannoL  present  the  reader  with  a  greater  orator  than  Garangula, 
or, iislie  was  ealled  by  the  Trench,  (iiiA.ND'GLKULK  ;  though  Lahonlan,  "who 
liiiew  him,  wrote  it  (irangiila.  lie  was  by  nation  an  Onondaga,  and  is 
liRiiifiiit  to  onr  notice  by  the  manly  and  magnanimous  s])eecli  which  he 
made  to  a  French  general,  who  marched  into  the  country  of  the  Iroquois  to 
siilidiio  them. 

Ill  tlic  year  ]()84,  3Ir.  de  la  liarre,  governor-general  of  Canada,  com- 
jilaiiu'd  to  tiie  English,  .-it  Albany,  that  t!ie  Scuiccits  were  infringing  ni)on 
liicir  rights  of  trade  with  some  of  the  other  more  remoti^  nations.  Governor 
Ikiv.nin  ac(piainted  the  Senecas  with  tin;  charge  made  by  the  French  gov- 
ern jr.  They  admittc'd  tlu;  fact,  but  justified  their  course,  alleging  that  the 
I'lviidi  supplied  tlieir  enemies  with  arms  and  aminunition,  with  whom  they 
wi'ir  tlicii  at  war.  About  th(>  same  time,  the  French  governor  raised  an 
iiriiiy  (if  1700  men,  and  made  other  '■mighty  jircparation-s "  ibr  the  final 
(li.-triiction  of  the  Fiv^'  Nations.  IJut  belore  he  had  progressed  liir  in  his 
:r  at  iiiidertaking,  a  mortal  sickness  biok<!  out  in  his  army,  which  finally 
laii.-cdiiiiu  to  give  over  the  (jxpedition.  In  the  mean  time,  the  governor  of 
\r',v  York  was  ordend  to  lay  no  obstacles  in  the  way  of  the  French  ex|)edi- 
li.iii.  In.viead  of  reganling  this  order,  which  wasli'om  his  inast<;r,  the  Duke 
ii' Vorix,  he  sent  intvrprelers  to  the  Five  Nations  to  encourage  them,  with 
till'r.s  lo  assist  tiiein. 

i'k  lit  liarre,  in  hopes  to  effect  something  by  this  expensive  undertaking, 
nii.ocd  Lake  Ontario,  and  held  a  talk  with  siiih  of  the  Five  Nations  as  would 
Hurt  liim.§  To  keep  up  the  •-■■irance  of  power,  he  nuule  a  high-toned 
>|iirili  to  Gninguld,  in  w liicli  he  observed,  that  the  nations  had  often  infringed 
ii|iiiii  the  p('ac(; ;  ihat  he  \\  islied  now  for  peace  ;  but  on  tlu;  condition  that  they 
MKiiiid  make  full  satisfaction  for  all  the  injurii's  they  had  done  the  French, 
and  lor  the  futiu'c  iievei-  to  disturb  them.  That  they,  th<!  Senecas,  Cayiigaa, 
Oiidiuhigos,  Oncidas,  and  jMohawks,  had  abused  and  robb(>d  all  their  trader.s, 
and  luilcss  they  gave  .'-atisliiction,  he  should  declare  war.  Tliat  they  had 
njiidiu'ted  the  English  into  their  country  to  get  away  their  trade  heretofore, 
iiut  the  past  he  would  overlook,  if  they  would  offend  no  more;  yet,  if  ever 
the  like  sliould  happen  again,  he  had  express  orders  from  the  king,  his  master, 
tu  declare  war. 

'  Hist.  Five  Nation-;,  i.  10!). 

t  KirkiDis.  ill  Alf;(iiikiii  ;  Keixonri'.  in  ("iiippoway.     [jWitx's  Vmj(i:>;i-s,  &c.  202,  'flo. 

t  F'lnilh's  lllsl.  X.  York,  U).  (cd.  llo.)  The  above  dilFers  soiiiowliat  from  a  topv  la 
PrmiiiM'a.  ii.  ;WI. 

>>  .\<  il  will  ;^rality  most  of  our  readers,  we  believe,  lo  hear  the  general  in  his  own  words, 
we  H  ill  pri'scm  ihcm 'villi  a  paragraph  of  his  speech  to  f>;'fl7):fM/((  in  his  own  hiiigiiage  :— • 

"  Lc  roi  nioii  maiire  iiil'orini' (|ue  les  einq  Nations,  lro(|uoises  contrevenoieiil  depiiis  long- 
teiiis  ;i  la  paix,  m'aordoimi'  de  inc  transporter  ici  aver  uiie  escortc,  et  d'envoicr  Akouessan  au 
villaijo  dcs  Oniiatagues,  pour  inviler  les  principau.t  chefs  a  me  venir  voir  li'intenlion  de  ce 
grand  mi)nar(]ue  est  (|ue  nous  fiiinions  loi  ct  moi  enseiiihle  dans  le  grand  calumet  de  pidx; 
poiirvii  que  tu  me  prometlcs  au  iiom  des  Tsoiiontodans,  Goyogoans,  Onnotagues,  O'loyouts 
ei  Agiiies,  de  donner  uiie  enliere  sati.sfaclion  el  (r'dor.iniageiiienl  a  .scs  .sujeis,  et  de  uc  riea 
laire  a  I'avcnir,  qui  puisse  causer  uue  faclicuse  rupture."  &c.    Lahontan,  i.  68,  59. 


>¥• 


yi'  ■■■*i      ■  ■  !• 


4 


,t', 


ir„i?-t»  m 

i.i  t  ,  i>i  '■' 


6 


GRANGULA.— HIS  SPEECH  TO  DE  LA  BARRE. 


[Hook  V, 


I 


f 

: 


Grangida  listoiiod  to  tliosn  words,  and  iimny  more  in  the  like  strain,  with 
that  couKMiipt  wliicli  u  n;al  kiiowlcdffi!  of  the  .situation  of  tiio  rrciicli  ininv 
and  tiu!  rectitude  of  his  own  conrw,  wrro  calculated  to  in,!i>iic;  ami  alii"' 
wulUinj^  several  times  roinid  the  circle,  f()r!n<'d  by  his  |)eo|ile  and  tlic  I'icikIi 
addressing  himself  to  the  governor,  seated  in  his  elhow  chair,  lie  l)ci.'aii  as 
follows: — * 

"  Yonnovdio;^  I  honor  you,  and  the  warriors  that  arc  with  me  likewise 
honor  yni.  Yom-  interpreter  has  finished  your  speech.  I  now  hc'rin  miim 
My  words  make  haste  to  reach  your  ears.     Ilarkeu  to  them. 

"  i'oniwndio ;  You  must  have  helievcd,  when  you  lell  tiueheck,  tlint  tho 
smi  had  hm*nt  u|)  all  the  forests,  which  render  our  country  inacccssihl  ■  to  tin. 
French,  or  that  tli(!  lakes  had  so  lar  overilown  the  i)anks,  that  they  had  ^ir. 
rounded  our  castles,  and  that  it  was  impossinle  I'or  us  to  get  out  nf  tlicm 
Yes,  surely,  you  must  hav(!  dreamt  so,  and  the  curiosity  of  sfM-ing  so  "iiui 
a  wonder  has  hroiight  you  so  lar.  Now  you  are  imdeccived,  since  that  I,  aiuj 
th(!  warriors  here  present,  are  come  to  assure  you,  that  the  Sen(!cas,  ("avMi:;is 
Onondagas,  Oneidas  and  Mohawks  are  yet  alive.  I  thank  you,  in  tiicjr  imiiu' 
for  bringing  hack  into  their  country  the  alumct,  which  yoiu'  i)rc(!cc(ssMr 
receive(i  irom  tlwiir  hands.  It  was  happy  for  you,  that  you  lett  under  groiiiiil 
that  nnudering  hatchet  that  has  been  so  often  dyed  in  the  blood  of  iIk. 
French. 

"  Hear,  Yonnondio  ;  I  do  not  sleep  ;  I  have  my  eyes  open  ;  and  the  sum 
which  enlightens  me,  discovers  to  me  a  gr«'at  cai)taiii  at  the  head  ot'a  cdiiijiunv 
of  soldiers,  who  speaks  as  if  lu^  were  dreaming.  Jle  says,  that  he  only  vtu\w 
to  th(!  lake  to  smoke  on  the  great  calumet  with  the  Onondagas.  Hut  (Inin- 
eida  says,  that  he  sees  the  contrary;  that  it  was  to  knock  them  on  the  licad 
if  sickness  had  not  weakened  the  arms  of  the  French.  I  see  Yunmndin 
raving  in  a  camp  of  sick  men,  whose  lives  the  Great  Spirit  has  saved,  |)v 
nithcting  this  sickness  on  them. 

"  Hvar,  Yonnondio  ;  our  women  had  taken  their  clubs,  oin-  children  and  nld 
men  had  carried  th<;ir  bows  and  arrows  into  the  heart  of  your  canii),  if  (ni!- 
warriors  had  not  disarmed  them,  and  kept  them  back,  when  your  mcsseiMrcr 
Jlkottessanf  came  to  our  castles.     It  is  done,  a)ul  1  have  said  it. 

"  Hear,  Yonnondio ;  we  plundered  none  of  the  Freiu-!',  I)ut  those  that  car- 
ried guns,  jjowder  and  balls  to  the  Twightwies  §  and  Chictaghicks,  heraiise 
those  arms  might  have  cost  us  our  lives.  Herein  we  Ibllow  the  ('\aiii|ile  df 
the  Jesuits,  who  break  all  the  kegs  of  rum  brought  to  om*  castUs,  lest  tlu; 
drunken  Indians  slioidd  knock  them  on  the  head.  Our  warriors  have  not 
beaver  enough  to  pay  for  all  those  arms  that  they  have;  takisn,  and  our  old 
men  are  not  afraid  of  the  war.     This  bidt  i)reserve.s  my  words, 

"We  carried  the  English  into  our  lakes,  to  trade  there  with  the  Utawawas 
and  Ciuatoghics,  (I  as  the  Adirondaks  brought  the  French  to  our  castles,  to 
coi-ry  on  a  trade,  which  the  English  say  is  theirs.  AVe  an;  l)orn  lice.  \Vo 
neither  depend  on  Yonnondio  nor  Corlear.M  We  may  go  where  we  please, 
and  carry  with  us  whom  we  please,  and  buy  and  sell  what  we  please.  If 
yom*  allies  be  your  slaves,  use  them  as  such,  conuuand  them  to  n.'ceive  no 
otlu'r  l)Ut  yom-  j)eople.     This  belt  j)rescrves  my  words, 

"We  knock  the  Twightwies  and  Chictaghicks  on  the  head,  because  they 
had  cut  down  the  trees  of  peace,  which  were  the  '.units  of  our  coiuitiy, 
They  have  hunted  beaver  on  our  lands.  Th<!y  have  acted  contrary  to  the 
customs  of  all  Itidians,  for  they  left  none  of  the  beavers  alive,  they  killed  both 
male  ami  female.  They  brought  the  Satanas  into  their  countrj-,  to  tak(!  ]iait 
■with  them,  after  they  had  concerted  ill  designs  against  us.     We  have  done 

*  "  Griinviila,  qui  pendant  tout  le  dosrours  avoit  eu  ios  ycux  fixamcnl  allaehez  snr  lehoiil 
de  sa  pipe,  io  (eve,  el  soil  par  une  eivilile   hisarre,  ou   pour  so  doTuier  saus  t'a(,'on  le  k'liis 
de  mcditer  sa  repouse  il  fait  ciuii  ou  six  tours  dans  n6tre  cercio  coiiipose  do  sanvagt's  iM  dn 
Fran<;ois.     Revenu  en  sa  place  A  resla  dehout  devant  Ic  general  assis  dans  un  hon  faulcOil, 
et  le  regarant  il  lui  dil."     Lahontan,  (i.  GI,  fi2.)  who  was  one  of  diose  present, 
t  The  name  they  gave  the  governors  ofC^inada.     Spell  in  Lahotitan,  Ontwntio. 
The  name  lliey  gave  Mr.  Le  Maine,  which  signified  a  partridge. 
Iwikiies,  Colclen.  ||  Chictaghicks,  Coldm, 

The  name  they  gave  the  governors  of  New  York, 


.  BARRE. 


[Hook  V. 


ill  tlin  liko  strain,  with 
on  of  till'  l''n'iicli  iinny, 
(1  to  iii.-'pirc;  antl  iil'u'r 

|)('oplc  and  tlic  I'l'ini'li, 
bow  ciiair,  lit;  Ix'tran  as 

t  art"  with  iiic  likcwisi. 
■ell.  1  now  liffiiii  iiiiiio. 
()  tlirin. 

1  Icti  Cin('lioci<,  tlint  tlio 
mntry  iiiacccssililr  to  tlm 
lanks,  that  thry  hail  siir- 
r  lis  to  get  out  ul"  thcMi, 
■iosity  ol"  sccintr  so  ;:ii'iit 
locrivi'il,  siiii'i-  tiiat  l,iiiul 
lat  the  Si'iii'i-as,  Cayiipis, 
thank  yoii,  in  tlu'ir  Miinu', 
which  your  prciliTi'ssdr 
liat  you  it'tt  iiiiiliT  fri'oiiiul 
yed  in  the  hlouil  of  tin; 

('Vcs  ojion  ;  ami  tlii'  snn, 
I  at  till'  lu'ail  ot'aroiiiiiiuiy 
|(>  says,  that  hi'  only  cinim 
o  Onondaffas.  lint  (Inm- 
knock  tliciii  on  tlic  licml, 
•''roncli.  1  SCO.  IoiuioikIio 
LJrout  S^iiint  lias  saved,  liy 

clubs,  oin-  chililrcn  and  old 
icart  of  your  caiiii),  il'  oiii' 
lack,  when  your  nii'sscn<.'cr 
have  said  it. 

'"rciich.,  but  those  that  car- 
aud  Chictajthicks,  heraiiso 
wo  follow  the  cxamiili'  m' 
o-ht  to  ovn-  castli s,  list  tlio 
Z  Our  warriors  have  not 
y  have  taken,  and  our  old 
s  niy  words. 

|(!  there  with  the  Utawawas 

French  to  our  castles,  to 

We  are  born  free.    W.' 

may  ^a  where  we  jdeasc, 

sell"  what  we  please.    It' 

ininand  thcni  to  receive  no 

ords. 

on  the  head,  because  tlicy 
,he  '.iniits  of  our  coniitiy. 
,iave  acted  contrary  to  the 
[avers  alive,  they  killed  both 
their  country,  to  take  luiil 
Icraiust  us.     We  have  done 

Lx  fixamenl  aUacliez  sur  leboiU 
tour  se  liomier  saus  las'on  le  lenis 
Ircio  coniliose  tie  saiivas,'>-s  iM  Ai 
I'lieral  assis  dans  ui.  lion  lamcflil, 

I  of  lliose  present, 
■i  Lahontan,  Onnontio. 

^'^\\  Chictaghicks,  Colden. 


Chap.  IJ       15L.\CK.KF,TTM;.— HIH  WARS  WITH  TIIK  IRKNCII.  7 

\fsn  tlioii  either  the  Kufrlish  or  Froiicli,  that  have  usurped  the  lauds  of  so  manv 
Indian  pation.s,  ami  cha.sed  them  irom  their  own  country.  'This  li.lt  |)icservi*s 
,„y  words. 

'"//((fr,  Yonnondio ;  what  I  say  is  the  > oiee  of  all  the  Five  Nations.  Hvnr 
what  they  answer.  <)|ien  your  ears  i  what  they  speak.  'I'lie  Seiiecas, 
Cayii.i-'iiS  Onouda^'as,  Oneidas  and  Mv  awks  say,  that  whi.u  tlu-y  hiiri.d  lli. 
lialVliet  at  ( 'adarackiii,  in  the  pre.seucr  ,)fyour  predecessor,  in  the  middle  of 
llic  lijrt,  they  planted  the  tree  of  peai  in  the  same  |)lace;  to  he  there  care- 
fully |ircserveil :  that,  in  the  jdace  of  retreat  (i)r  .soldiers,  that  liirt  mi<;lit  he 
ji  ,viiilezvoiis  for  merchants:  that,  ir  (dace  of  arms  and  ammuijilion  of  war, 
licavers  and  merchandise  should  on      enter  there. 

'•  Htitr,  Yonnondio ;  take  can;  fortlie  future,  that  so  <;;reaf  a  nuniher  of  sol- 
diers as  appear  there  do  not  choke  the  tree  of  jieace  planted  in  so  small  a 
fijit.  It  will  he  a  jrreat  loss,  if,  after  it  had  so  easily  taken  root,  you  should 
>.U)|)  its  growth,  ami,  prevent  it.s  coverini.'  your  country  and  ours  with  its 
luaiiches.  I  assiiri^  you,  in  the  name  of  the  I'^ivt^  NiUious,  that  our  warrions 
j,|iall  dance  to  the  calumet  oi'  peace  under  its  leaves;  and  shall  remain  ipiiet 
oiitlieir  miUs,  and  shall  never  di^'  up  the  hatchet,  till  their  brother  Yoniiondlo 
mCorkar  shall,  either  jointly  or  separately,  endeavor  to  attack  the  countiy 
whieli  the  (ireat  Spirit  lias  friveii  to  our  ancestors.  This  belt  preserves  my 
words,  and  this  other,  the  authority  which  the  Five;  Nations  have  jriven  me." 
Tiieii,  .".ddressinfr  himself  to  thiMiiteriireter,  he  .said,  "Take  couraoe,  you 
have  spirit,  speak,  explain  my  words,  fi)rfret  uotliiuf;,  tell  all  that  your  bnthVeii 
and  tVieiids  say  to  Yonnontllo,  your  j;;overnor,  by  tin;  mouth  of  Gran;i;ida,  who 
lovi's  you,  and  (h'sires  you  to  accept  of  this  [iresent  of  bcniver,  and  take  jtart 
with  nil'  in  my  least,  to  which  J  invite  you.  This  present  of  beaver  is  sent 
10  Yonnondio,  on  the  pert  of  the  Five  Nations." 

I)e  la  liurre  was  struck  with  surprise  at  the  wisdoiri  of  this  chief,  and  equal 
rlia;riin  at  the  plain  refutation  of  his  own.  He  immediately  returned  to 
Mmitieal,  ami  thus  finished  this  ^glorious  expedition  of  the  French  aj^aiust 
llie  Five  Nations, 

GraniriUa  was  at  this  time  a  veiy  old  man,  aiul  from  this  valuable  speech 
wliecaine  acquainted  with  him;  a  very  ,Ycstor  of  his  nation,  whose  jiowers 
oliiiiiid  would  not  sutler  in  comparison  with  those  of  a  Roman,  or  a  more 
niodeni  senator.  He  treated  the  French  with  fireat  civility,  and  feasted  them 
witii  the  best  Ins  country  would  aflbrd,  on  th(  ir  de|iarture.  Wo  next  proceed 
to  notice 

BLACK-KETTLE,  whom  the  French  called  La  Chaudiere  Noire.  A 
war  with  France,  in  1(I!>0,  broufilit  this  chief  u|»ou  the  records  of  history.  In 
till'  siiininer  of  that  year.  Major  Scliu;ilei;  of  Albany,  with  a  company  of  Mo- 
hawks, fell  upon  the  French  settlements  at  the  north  end  of  liake  Chanqdain. 
De  OtlHeres,  <;overiior  of  Montreal,  hastily  collected  about  800  men,  and 
O|i|iosi'il  them,  but,  notwithstanding  his  force  was  vastly  siqterior,  yet  they 
wen'  ri'iiulsed  with  great  loss.  About  JiOO  of  the  (^nemy  were  killed  in  this 
e.\|)i'ditii)ii.  The  French  now  took  every  measure  in  their  jiower  toret;  'iatc. 
They  sent  jiresents  to  many  tribes  of  Indians,  to  engage  them  in  their  •,  au.st , 
and  in  the  i()llowing  winter  a  party  of  about  :K)0  men,  mider  an  aceompli^llel^ 
yoimj;  g'ntleman,  marched  to  attack  the  confederate  Iiuliaii  nations  at  Niag- 
ara. Their  march  was  long,  and  rendered  almost  insupportable;  be  /ii^ 
ohiifred  to  carry  their  provisions  on  their  backs  through  dce|t  snow.  liUtck- 
kflik  met  them  with  abcuit  .80  men,  and  maintained  an  uneqiial  fight  until 
his  incii  w,  n>  nearly  all  cut  ofl";  but  it  was  more  fatal  to  the  Freuch,  who,  iai 
from  home,  had  no  means  of  recruiting.  Black-kettle,  in  his  turn,  carri,  d  the 
war  into  Canada  during  the  whole  summer  following,  with  immense  loss  aiuI 
(laiiia;ic  to  the  French  inhabitants.  The  governor  was  so  enraged  at  his 
siu'c  sses,  that  he  caused  a  prisoner,  which  had  been  taken  from  th.'  Five 
Nations,  to  he  burnt  alive.  This  captive  witlistood  the  tortures  with  as  much 
linuness  as  his  enemies  showed  cruelly.  He  sung  his  achievements  wliile 
they  broiled  his  leet,  burnt  his  hamls  with  red  hot  irons,  cut  and  wrung  off 
his  joints,  and  pulled  out  the  sinews.  To  close  the  horrid  scene,  his  scalp 
Was  torn  off,  and.  red  liot  sand  ()our(!d  upon  his  head. 
But  this  was  a  day  in  which  that  people  were  able  to  contend  successfully 


K 
^  *  I 


UH 


m 


■M 


.:'    ■'■si 


if  '....I  ' 
■■i't." 

"..'■"•infi 


8 


BLACK-KETTI.E— HIS  WARS  WITH  TUE  FRENCH. 


[RuuK  V, 


against  oven  Kiiroiicaii  fiit!iiii(!H.  Tliey  liutl,  in  l(i!)l,  luid  a  pluii  to  prcvnnt 
tilt;  Frciifli  IroiM  < Mcndiiiff  tli»!ir  Hottlcn'ciits  vv«;st\viinl,  Cor  Hurjirisiiii;  Uiu-t^ 
already  loriiicd,  and  lor  iiitcn'optiiig  the  \v«!steni  Indians  an  tlity  i)n)Uir|,i 
down  tlitiir  peltries  to  llnMn.  '^ 

Two  armies,  of  IMO  men  (uieli,  wens  to  niareli  ont  on  this  hnsinc.xs  alioiit 
Novend)er;  the  lirst  wen;  to  attack  the  fort  at  the  Falls  of  St.  liOiiis,  and  tji,, 
other  to  piocoed  hy  way  of  liake  Clianiplain  af^ainst  the  settlenuMit.s.  Il(.|i,|( 
they  H(!t  oiit,  two  Jntlian  women,  wlio  had  been  eaptivt^s  anion^'  them,  madi. 
their  eseajio,  and  j,'ave  notiett  of  tiioir  ohje<!t.  This,  in  a  f;reai  nieasim  il,.. 
feated  tin;  enterprise,  (iovernor  De  CaJliercs  raised  troops,  and  strenuili(ii|.,| 
every  piact;  lie  was  ahle.  The  first  party  was  discovered  as  they  appioaclici 
St.  Louis,  who,  after  sUirniishinji,'  souks  time  with  the  parties  detaelieil  a",iii|xt 
them,  retired  without  ^rainiii<:^  any  material  advanta<r(;.  The  second  did  i|t||,, 
more',  and  retired,  alter  dostroyinj^  some  houses,  and  carryiiiff  w  ith  them  >()||||. 
prisoners. 

Ahoiit  the  end  of  November,  34  Mohawks  surprised  some  of  ilic  |V,.||,,|| 
Indians  of  St.  Louis,  vho  wen;  carelesbly  hnniiii)^  about  Mount  «  h;iiii|ji\, 
kiilin<r  4  and  capturin^r  ^  oihrrs.  Some  escaped,  and  informed  th(  ir  iriciids 
of  what  had  liaopeiMul,  and  u  company  immediattdy  went  in  pursuit.  'I'lu. 
t)\ertook  them  near  l^ake  Clianiplain,  and  a  bard  tight  followed.  'I'lie  ('juIkj. 
lie  Indians  nished  upon  them  with  great  fury,  tomahawk  in  hand,  and  aldi(iiif>|| 
the  Mohawks  hud  taken  jiost  behind  rocks  they  wen;  routed,  (I  beini;  killiil. 
and  five  taken.     'J'iiey  also  liberated  all  their  li'iends  taken  at  Mount  (  liiuulilv, 

Jn  the  liegiiming  of  February,  lt)!)2,  De  Cdllitrcs  ordered  M  Jk  Onnlli,  in 
to  march,  with  'MO  i:ieii,  into  tlie  peninsula,  which  terminates  at  the  cdiilln. 
ence  ot"  the  Ottovvay  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers,  to  surprise  a  coiiipaiiv  of 
Jroipiois  he  bad  been  inlbrmed  Wiis  there.  Jt  way  their  hunliM^f-;.r(Iuiii| 
during  the  winter,  and  tlii!  |)rete.\t  li)r  attacking  them  was,  that  they  were  mn, 
there  to  surprise  the  settleiiu-iits,  and  interct^pt  such  as  passed  up  iind  ddwii 
said  rivers.  While  on  his  marcli,  De  Orvillurs  met  with  an  accident  wlijcli 
obliged  him  to  return  to  Montreal,  and  the  command  devolved  n|ion  C'ii|iiaiii 
De  Bettucourt,  This  oHicer  muirhed  to  Jsle  Tonihata,  not  liir  from  Cjitiim- 
coiiy  or  Katarokkni,  where  he  surprised  50  Senecas  in  their  cabins,  killed','!, 
and  took  (i  of  them  prisoners. 

Enough  bad  passed  bel()re  this  to  arouse  the  spirit  of  vengeaiire  in  i|ii. 
great  chief  of  Onondaga,  Jilttck-kcUle  ;  but  this  last  act  coidd  not  he  imsscil 
without,  at  least,  an  afein|)t  at  retaliation.  About  100  Senecas  were  iicnr 
the  Saiilt  de  la  C'iiaudiere,  on  Ottovvay  liiver,  at  this  time,  and  lilitcl;-l;tllj 
soon  alter  joined  them  with  a  band  of  his  Onondiigos  ;  and  they  iiiimedimii) 
put  themselves  into  an  attitude  for  intercepting  their  ener.iies. 

Governor  De  Callieirs  had  supposed  that  by  the  atliiir  at  'J'onibata,  the  hoiiiiois 
were  sulKcieiitly  humbled  (()r  the  present,  and  that  they  were  not  to  li,' re- 
garded as  capable  of  any  considtsrable  undertaking;  but  he  soon  disiovcmi 
the  en  or  oi"  his  Judgment ;  ibr  (K)  irieiidly  Jndians,  having  arrivt-d  at  Miiiitiv.i 
to  trade,  re|)orted  that  the  way  was  clear,  but  re(|'iested  a  guard  wlicii  tiny 
returned.  This  was  granted  them.  S.  jMichel  volunteered  u|)on  this  stivicc, 
anil  put  under  the  conniiand  of  Lieutenant  De  la  Gememije,l]0  men.  He  iiiidliir 
his  two  ensigns,  M.  Lc  /"'/-caniere,  oldest  son  of  the  Sieiir  Hertel,  and  his  hnjiii- 
er.  Having  arrived  at  u  filace  culled  the  Long  Falls,  on  Ottowny  liivir, 
some  111  irclied  upon  the  side  of  the  river,  Avliile  others  endeavored  to  ctliii 
the  passage  of  the  fiills  in  the  bo:jts.  Tiiey  bad  no  sooner  entered  ii|i;iii  llii^ 
business,  when  the  warriors  oi'  Black-kettle,  from  an  ambush,  tired  uiioii  tin  in, 
put  th"  (iO  Indians  to  flight,  killing  and  wounding  many  of  the  Freiuli.  Tiny 
then  rushed  u|)on  them  with  such  liiry  that  little  time  was  allow(!(i  fontv<i>!- 
ance,  and  they  fled  to  their  boats  for  safety ;  but  in  their  hurry  tlicy  mir. 
turned  them,  and  many  were  made  prisoners.  Among  tlic-e  were  S.Mirki 
and  the  two  Herttls.  La  Gemeraye  and  a  few  soldi(;rs  only  escaj)cd.*  Black- 
ketth^n  Ibrce  on  this  occasion  was  oomjiuted  at  140  men. 

Some  time  now  passed  without  hearing  from  Blmk-kettle,  but  on  15  July, 
1G92,  he  fell   upon  the  Island  of  Montreal,  as  has  already  been  recortled. 


*  Golden  says,  (i.  l^,)that  but  four  escaped  in  all. 


i  FRENCH.      [BuuK  V, 

laid  a  plan  to  prevnu 
rtl,  for  biirprisiiin  tlicif-e 
idiaiis  art  tlicy  linmjilit 

on  this  l)usiiir>-i  uliniit 
lis  III'  Sit.  Ijimis,  ami  tlir 
\n'  s('tllt!iia'iits.  H(  line 
ivi!H  aiiKMij;  tlicni,  luiuli' 

in  a  firciu  iiirasiirr,  ilc- 
,n)«)i>s,  and  siri'iiiiiliiiinl 
crod  as  tlu'V  ai>iiiimch(il 
i)arli<'rt  dotaclit'd  ii^iMin-i 
i..  Tilt!  sccdhd  dill  litilr 
tjurryii'};  with  llifiu  Mime 

ised  souif.  of  tin-  rnmli 
•  aiioiil  Mount  <  liiiiuli;,\, 
iid  inl'ornied  tin  n-  irji'iuls 
y  wt-nt  in  pinsnit.    'lln 
lit  Tollowcd.     'I'liuCiilliu- 
awUinhand,  aiidiihliiiiiuli 
i;i-o  rouli'd,  (i  lu'ini;  killcil, 
i  laUcn  at  Mount  Cliiuiiiily, 
ordcrt'd  M   Di^  Orvillum 
I  ti-rniinaHirt  at  tin;  t'(mllii- 
o  surprise  a  coinpahy  of 
wivji  their  hnnlin-;-;.i'(iuinl 
in  wart,  that  they  were  i;uv, 
eh  as  passed  up  .itul  down 
let  witli  all  aecitlfiU  whii'li 
,nd  devolved  upon  I'aiilaiii 
ilmta,  not  liir  iroin  r.>t|ir..- 
18  ill  their  culmi!*,  UilU-d  ll 

suirit  of  veufieaiice  in  tin- 

SI  art  eonhl  not  hr  ims>.',l 

,ut  100  Hene<-art  wero  mur 

,  ihirt  time,  and  lilnrli-bH'., 

Iifjos  ;  and  they  iinnicalwuiy 

leir  euei'.iies. 
llairatTonihata,theho(iums 

hut  they  were  not  to  he  u- 
,„■.  hut  he  soon  discover,  a 
T.avin.'  arrivvil  "'  >'""";''"' 
;,;,osted  a  ^uard  whn.  t:,n 
\„,teered  upon  tins  snv.a 

I  Sieur  Her/c/,  a.uUns  Imnh- 
L  Falls,  on  Ottoxvay  Unvi 
others  endeavored  t..  ft  In 
,o  sooner  entered  nv™ 'ln^ 

„,unhush,limlup;""^,;; 

inunvoftheFrc.H'l..    1' 

.ti.ne'wasallowe.1   orrcM.- 

Vi  in  their  hnrry  tl.y  .jm- 
A.uonf?  the-e  were  S.  .MJ^ 
jdiers  oidy  escaped.*  mck 
[Q  men.  ,-  ,  i.. 

has  already  been  recunH 
Ucaped  ill  all. 


CHAP.  I] 


DKKANISOUA. 


0 


I'lirticH  of  soldiers  eollected  and   went   in   jtursnit,  overtook  tlie   reur  of  tli, 
liiiliiiiirt,  killed  10  ini'ii,  and  retook  many  prison;  rs. 

>;(iine  days  after  lids,  as  the  Sirnr  fh  Ijiisit^niin  was  passinj;  near  the  IsleH 
III'  Kichelien,  lilitrk-kcttlv  fell  upon  his  iiarty,  killed  him,  and  put  his  micm  to 
tli^'lit.  We  hear  nothiii;;  more  of  frreat  moment  of  this  famous  ehief,  until 
ill,. year  l(il>7,  in  which  he  was  treai-herously  murdered,  lie  appears  at  thin 
miii'imI  to  iiave  concluded  u|)oii  makinij  peace  with  tht?  French,  and  messen- 
«,.rs  had  heen  despatched  to  Ciu(d)ee  upon  that  desif.'n.  In  the  mean  time 
ii,.  \viis  Inmtiufr  in  the  neifrhhorhood  of  (Jatarocoiiy,  where  tin;  rrereh  had 
iiifiirrisoii,  which  was  thi-ii  conunanded  h\  Captain  6't/;ic;Y///r,  heliire  men- 
lioiicil,  to  whom  he  pive  notice  that  nepitiations  were  <ni  l()ot.  Notwiih- 
fiiiiidia^',  'M  AI<.'onipiins,  in  the  l''rencli  intcn.'st,  were  siiflered  to  jjo  and 
,iii|iri.>e  liLtrl,  liiUIr  and  his -10  hunters,  who  were  not  far  from  Catarocouy, 
.,]  II  iilace  luuneil  (liiiittc.  'I'hey  were  fallen  upon  at  a  time  when  they 
ilioiiu'lit  not  of  an  enemy,  and  ahout  half  of  them  were  slain,  amon;,'  whom 
«,is  lilnck-ki'tlle  ;  his  ,viii'  and  many  others  were  taken  pris'  ners.  * 

AiiAKio,  KoNui  AHo.NK,  S  ASTA  iiKTsi,  aud  'I'liK  Kat,  wre  names  of  a  cliic^f  of 
j/rciit  reiHtwn  anion^f  the  Unions.  'I'lie  trilx!  to  wide''  he  orijfinally  heloni^'ed 
w;isriilled  tin;  Diiiondadies  or  'rionne  itates.  His  character,  as  drawn  hy 
('hnrkvuir,  is  as  iidlows:  "A  man  of  a  frreat  mind,  the  hravest  of  the  hrave, 
;;ii(|  |H)sscs.^inj,'  altoffether  the  hest  (pialities  of  any  known  i  tlu;  French  in 
Caiiiiilii."  Of  w'lat  we  are  ahout  to  relate  conccn-niiifj  hir  r  have  •,!.•  .aly 
ilivi'ii  a  sketch,  which  hein;;  defective  in  some  of  the  main  ,  articulars,  it  wus 
ilimiulit  hest  to  a(hl  another  version  of  it  in  this  |)lace. 

It  was  with  no  small  ditliculty  that  tne  FrtMich  had  enjfafred  him  in  their 
iniisc.  While  on  a  visit  to  the  jrovernor,  in  KiHH,  he  had  passed  his  word 
lliiil  lie  would  make  war  on  his  (h'tested  enemies,  th(!  Inxpiois,  and  so(»ii 
atiii  departed  for  IM.'hilimakinak,  with  a  chosen  hand  of  Ids  llurons,  resolv- 
fii  to  distinmiirth  himself  hy  some  sif(nal  exploit.  In  his  way  he  i)asse(l  hy 
(iiiamcoiiy.  At  tliis  place,  he  learned,  to  his  surpris<\  that  a  nejjotiation 
was  already  on  foot  hefw(!en  the  French  and  Iro([uois,  and  was  at  tlit;  same 
liiiif  iiil()rmed  hy  the  officer  in  command  there,  that  he  wnuhl  infinitely  dis- 
olillj.'!'  M.  A'  Denonville,  if  he  should  coinniil  the  hiast  hostility  upon  any  of 
till' Iroquois,  who  was  imnndiately  to  rec(MVO  their  ambassadors  at  Montreal, 
tiycliier  with  hostages  li-om  all  the  cantons. 

Kondiaronk  concealed  his  surprise,  and  althou<;h  now  convinced  that  tlio 
Frcicli  woidd  sacrifice  him  and  his  allies,  yet  he  made  no  complaint,  and 
Iditlit'  |)lac»!  as  thoujrh  to  niturn  to  his  own  country.  J$iit  he  had  no  sooner 
foiipt'ived  the  design  of  interceptiiii!;  tlu;  li  »(piois  amhassadors  and  hostages, 
lliaii  he  set  out  u|ion  it.  Having  placed  his  na^n  in  ambush  at  Faniiiio 
(.'ri'ek,  he  had  waited  but  lew  days  when  they  arrived.  Aii  they  wero 
(bei'iidiiig  the  cr(;ck  in  their  canoes,  Marions  warriors  fired  upon  them, 
killod  several,  and  took  'he  rest  pris(niers. 

Tlio  celebrated  J)KKAMso.iA,  or,  as  the  French  called  Jiini,  Tes^anisorens, 
of  Oiioiulago,  was  at  iiie  head  of  this  embassy,  and  was  among  the  prisoners, 
llf  (ii'ii 'in(l(!(l  1)1"  ./Ztfan'o,  how  it  happened  that  he  could  he  ignorant  that  he 
was  an  ainhassa(h)r  to  their  common  liither,  and  of  his  endeavor  to  bring 
alimit  a  lasting  |)eace.  The  subtle  chief  eoinplet-ly  subdued  his  irritahlo 
amiiiidignant  jiassions,  by  cx|)ressing  tiir  greater  surprise  than  Dekdnisura 
liiinsolf;  protesting  that  the  French  wen;  the  whoh;  cause  of  what  had 
liapiieiied,  liir  that  they  had  s(>nt  him  to  sur|)rise  his  Jiary,  and  had  assured 
liini  that  he  could  do  it  with  ease,  as  their  numbers  were  small ;  and,  to  drive 
Jus|ii(ioas  from  the  mind  of  Dekanisora  and  his  jieople,  set  them  all  at 
liliiMty,  hut  one,  who  was  to  supply  the  place  of  one  of  the  llurons  that  was 
killed.    At  parting,  Adario  spoke  to  them  as  follows  : — 

"(io,  my  brethren,  I  untie  your    londs,  and  send  you  home  again,  though 

our  iiaiioas  he  at  war.     T-he  French  governor  has  made  me  eonunit  so  black 

anac'tinn,  that  I  shall  never  bo  easy  after  it,  till  the  Five  Nations  have  taken 

liill  rei'ciige." 

t:  .'iiifc  rejiort  that,  after  capturing  Dekanisora,  Mario  returned  to  Kadarak- 


.1 

1 

-•HI 
m 


i 

yt 


#   'V 


This  is  accordaig  lo  the  text  of  Charlevoix. 


'•..iii- 


'^m 
i^^!i;i 


'-  -m 


mm 


\A 


10 


DEKANISORA— AOARFO. 


(nooR 


m 


kiii,  or  ratiirocouy,  and  lliiit,  hciiii;  iiHki'd   liy  ilic  French   from  wlicncc  i 
came,  said,  "  I'Voiii  iinirnlinir  fuitn"  '     'I'ln'}  did   not  at  lirst  ••oinprflii'iid  I  '* 
iiicaniii;:,  hut  soon  uHcr,  one  of  iiiw  prisoners,  that  escaped,  ;;av<!  thi m  tl  *? 
history  of  tiio  atliiir.  '*' 

Jiut  li)r  w  hat  followed,  tlic  cliaraetcr  of  .fidtmo  would  stand  well  aiiioiur 
warriors.  Me  sacrificed  his  only  inisoner,  whidi  coni|deted  this  act  of  ii  , 
♦rajjcdy ;  and  it   seemed  necessary  to  carry  out  his  deeji-laid  strata;rciii. 

'i'hat  the  Iroipiois  should  have;  no  chain-e  to  helieve  the  French  iiiiKicfiit 
of  the  hiood  at  till!  River  Famine,  which  tiiey  had  used  >.'reat  endeavors  t, 
jdll'ct,  hy  sendinj;  t'lnissaries  anion<r  tliem,  Jlilnrio  went  with  his  iiiiMiiiir 
innncdialely  to  iMichiHmakinai<,  and  delivered  iiim  to  IM.  /><•  /„  Dumninw 
tlie  commander  of  that  post,  who  as  yet  iiad  had  no  kiiowled;;!!  ot"  an\  ikto. 
tiation  helween  the  InKpiois  and  his  superiors.  \Vhereii|ioii  ii(>  foitliw'iiii 
caused  tlie  poor  prisoner  to  he  put  to  dealii.  'J'lie  news  of  tins  atlliii-  ii,,, 
cunning  cliiuf  caused  to  Ix;  made  known  anion<r  the  cantons,  hy  nn  nU 
captive  ii<!  iiad  iield  a  lonj;  time  in  hondaj,'e  at  his  villaj;*;,  whom  he  now  s,.; 
at  liherty  for  this  piu'post.'. 

Tlic  catastro|»lies  that  hefell  the  French  not  lonj^  after,  and  the  siitlfrini' 
they  endured,  are  almost  without  a  parallel,  f  " 

Ahout  1200  of  tli(!  chief  warriors  of  the  Five  Nations  landed  upon  the 
Island  of  Montreal,  25  Au<rust,  l(!Kt,  while  the  French  were  in  perfect  sicu 
rity,  liiirnt  their  houses,  sacktrd  their  plantations,  and  slew  a  vast  innnlii  r  of 
the  iidiahitants.  The  Eiifrlish  accounts  say  a  thousaml  jtersons  p(  rislud 
but  tills  iMindnsr  was  no  doubt  (iir  greater  than  the  truth.  In  Octolici' loi^ 
lowing  tliey  attacked  the  island  aj,'aiii  with  nearly  equal  siicccs.'^.  Tlicse 
horrid  disasters  threw  the  whole  country  into  the  utmost  constoniatioii,  in 
which  the  fort  at  I^akc  Ontario  was  abandoned  by  the  fjarrison,  and  as  s(ii>ii 
possessed  by  the  Iiidians.  Here,  amon<f  other  thinffs  of  t;reat  value  to  tlicm 
28  barrels  of  gunpowder  fell  into  tiieir  hands.  Nothing  now  savt  d  ili,. 
Frencli  from  an  entire  extermination  but  the  ignorance  of  their  enemies  in 
the  art  of  attacking  I'ortilied  places. 

Mario  finally  died  at  i)eace  with  the  French,  and  almost  in  tlu!  act  of  con. 
chiding  it.  He  had  accompanied  the  heads  of  several  tribes  to  Moiitnal,  in 
1701,  to  hold  a  treaty,  and,  on  the  1  August,  (that  being  the  first  day  of  imliljc 
councils,)  Mario  found  himself  seized  by  sickness.  Every  thing  was  ddne 
to  relieve  him,  ("as  the  governor  general,"  says  Charlevoix,  "rested  his  piin- 
cij)al  hope  of  success  in  the  treaty,  ujjon  him,")  but  without  avail ;  Ww.^ 
carried  to  I'Hotel  Dieii,  he  died  at  two  o'clock  on  the  following  ni;tlit,  At 
his  ftmeral  \  the  greatest  display  was  made,  and  nothing  was  omitted  wlm  h 
could  inspire  the  Indians  jiresent  with  a  conviction  of  the  great  res])cct  in 
which  he  was  held.     On  his  tomb-stone  were  engraved  these  words. 


*  ■'  Jt  lepondit  qn^il  renoit  tie  teur  la  paix ;  et  quit  ajotila,  nous  vcrrvns  comment  OnoWli! 
sc  tireni  tie  cetle  a'ji'aire ." 

t  Fow  would  wish  to  rend,  in  Eiitjlisli,  tlio  mielties  at  llio  sackiner  of  Monlrral:  the  ac- 
rouiit  ofllicm,  we  iiffrce  with  Dr.  IIoi.mks,  •'  is  too  horrid  to  Iraiislalc." — '■  Ih  troiivfrni 
tout  le  monit  eiulormi,  el  Us  rommenrerent  par  viassarrer  tons  les  linmmes ;  eus'iite  ils  minnt 
lejeu  aux  muisoiis.  Par-la  tous  ceux,  qui  y  etoieiit  resti's,  toinhercnt  entre  mains  lie  Cfs  hiii- 
vaires,  I'i  essuiifrent  tout  re  t/ue  lafureur  jieut  inspire/-  a  ties  liarhares.  lis  la  ponsseren!  m-m' 
a  lies  excf's,  ilunt  on  ue  les  aroit  pas  encore  cru  C(ip((l>les.  lis  oi;vrirent  le  sein  (/I'.v  f'mm'i 
enceintes,  pour  en  arracher  le  fruit,  nu'elles  portoient.  Us  mirent  ties  enfans  font  vivum  ■li' 
hroche,  et  contrairrnirent  les  meres  tie  les  touruer  pour  les  /aire  ratir.  lis  incenlerenl  i[uautii> 
d'autres  supplices  inouis,  et  200  personnes  tie  tout  t}<re  et  tie  tout  srxe  perirevt  ain.-:i  eii  iiwiiis 
tl'tine  luiire  iktns  les  plus  ajlreux  tournums.  Cela  fait,  I'ennemi  s'oproclia  jusipiW  niie  liiii:  iiV 
la  ville,faisant  par  tout  les  memes  rarai^es,  et  exer{ant  les  memes  cniaiites,  el  ijhhikI  (7.</«'vii! 
las  lie  ces  liorreurs ;  Us  firent  200  prisonniers,  qn'ils  emmenerenl  dans  leur  rUla:;es,  oh  ih 
les  briilerent." 

i  "  Le  leiidemain  on  fit  ses  funerailles,  qui  curciit  quetque  chose  de  maifnifiqiie  ot  de  sin- 
gulier.  M.  tie  S^  Ours,  promicr  capitaine,  marchoil  d'abord  a  la  lele  dc  (10  soldats  sous  lis 
armcs.  Seize  giicrriers  Unions.  vCtus  de  loiigues  robes  de  castor,  le  visage  print  ciuior, 
et  le  fusil  sous  le  bras,  suivoienl,  niarchanl  quatre  ii  qualre.  Le  cicrfjc  vcnoil  apn's,  el  >;x 
chefs  de  guerre  portoient  le  ccrcueil,  qui  cloil  convert  d'lin  po<>le  seine  de  fleurs,  siir  Icqiiel 
11  y  avoit  un  chapeau  avec  iiii  pluinel,  un  haiissc-col  et  nne  epee.  Les  frercs  et  les  piil.nu 
du  defunt  eloienl  derriere,  accoinpagnes  de  tous  les  chefs  des  nations,  el  M.  de  \amlrem, 
goiivcrncur  dc  la  viiie,  qui  menoit  madame  de  Cluiinpigny,  fermoit  la  marche." 


.  Su 


[Book  V. 
iMifh  from  wlu'iire  lie 

Ut  ill>t  ••(iimtn'licinl  liJH 
■scalM'd,  fiav<!  tin  in  tin.. 

iiiUl  Htiiiid  well  nnuin^r 
ii|)l('t<Ml  tliis  net  1)1"  I'll' 
I'cii-laitI  stnitnv't'iii. 
,!•  tin-  rrt'iicli  iiiiiocciil 
iisfd  tin'iit  ciiilfavors  to 
went  with  his  prir^dinr 
to  M.  I)c  lit    Ihintnlntir, 

kiiDwU'tlfif  (if  iiiiy  Mc;.'o. 

iVhflMMipOII    llH  lllllllWIlll 

lU'W  s  tit'  tliis  iitViiir,  iln! 

the    raiitdiis,  liv  iiii  nld 

vilhit;*!,  whom  lu'  now  Mt 

i;  after,  ami  the  siitltiiii;: 

Nations  landed  minii  tlm 
iich  wtTi'  in  pi'ft'crt  srcii- 
id  slew  a  vast  iiiiiiilnr  of 
Kiisand  jiersoiis  pi  ii>hi(l, 
he  tnitli.     In  UctoliH'  lol- 
ly e»inal  siicoess.    TIiim,' 
e  utmost  consternation,  in 
the  fjurrison,  and  us  mhiu 
[ITS  of  tfreat  vuhie  to  tiirm, 
Nothiiifi!  now  savril  tin; 
Dvance  of  their  enemii's  in 

id  almost  in  the  art  of  (dii- 
pverul  tribes  to  Montrciil.  In 
Liuirthe  first  day  of  imlilic 
s     Kvery  thinj,'  was  dmic 
larlevoix,"  rested  liisiniii- 
but  without  avail ;  Inn;'.' 
llie  foUowinji  ni^lit.    At 
■othinfS  was  onntted  \\hw\\ 
ion  of  the  trreat  resiiuct  in 
irravcd  these  words, 


CuAr.  I] 


PEISKARET. 


11 


I 


^,  nuns  v,;rruiis  commait  Omnthio 

,l,osacki.<of  Monlrrnl:  llioM- 
-l  ,o  trHi.shiie."-"/"!;™'"" 
,„,/.•*■  Iwmmes;  en.vnte  ih  mnnt 
lomhrmU  i'ulre  mains  m  m  m- 

lis  ouvrlrnit  l,>  s.hnl''^  h<'>"^ 

Zerolir.     Ih  iiivniUrnililinM' 

lout  sr.re  pi'rire^it  .hi;.-:.  -•»  '"<;" 

"nZnt  ihnis  leur  vUla?:^,  on  ,!> 
,e  cliose  .Ic  mnpnifique  el  ikj- 

fermoil  la  marche. 


"CY  CIT   Li:   RAT,  CllKF  IKJRON." 

W'hifli  in  English  is,  "  Ihi  lia  the  Ritl,  Chief  nf  tkc  Utinws."  The  cneotni- 
iiiii!<  |>iiss*!d  liv  the  Fn;ii('h  upon  him  that  was  once  their  most  dreaded 
,,iii.|iiy,  are  only  eipialied  liy  those  of  their  eoiintrymen,  l'\)ntimUt  and  La^ 
/uin"'i'"P""  ''"''■■  favorite  characters. 

[lis  Itody  WHS  a  short  time  exposed  before  it  was  interred,  dressed  in  the 
iiiiilortM  of  an  otlicer,  with  his  arms  by  his  side,  because  lie  ranked  as  a 
(■ii|itaiii,  at  th(;  time  of  his  death,  in  tin;  French  sttrvicti. 

Tlic  intercourse  of  Deknnisorn  with  the  Fn'iich  and  Knjjiish  was  loiifr,  and 
frmn  tiic  fact  ho  was  able,  H)r  much  of  the  time  diirinj.'  their  wars,  to  be  on 
^7(1(1(1  terms  with  both  nations,  wr  are  to  suppose  that  he  possessed  some 
,l,ill  ill  the  luts  of  du|dicity.  lie  is  fu-st  nu'Utioned  liy  Chuiiivuir  in  ItiH'i, 
ul  which  time  he,  witii  (our  other  ambassiulors,  visited  iMontreal  upon  a 
iiiucij  expeililion.  He  was  suspected  of  insincerity  by  the  l''reiich,  and  no 
reliiiMce  ap|)ears  to  have  been  put  upon  his  prtUensioiis.  'I'wtilve  years  aller, 
C'o/i/ II  saw  him,  and  thus  spt^aks  of  liim  :  '■*  Dccnnvtiorn  had  lor  many  years 
till'  iri'catest  re|)Utation  amonj^  the  Five  Nations  for  s|»eakin;,',  and  was  <j;ener- 
allv  I'liiitloyed  as  their  speaker,  in  their  negotiations  with  lioth  I'VeiK-li  and 
Kiii'li.-ili :  he  was  grown  old  when  1  saw  him,  and  heard  him  speak  ;  he  had 
aiinat  Hiiency  in  speaking,  and  a  graceful  (docution,  that  would  havr  jilcased 
111  any  part  of  the  world.  Ilis  person  was  tall  and  well  made,  and  his  tiatures, 
lu  my  thinking,  resembled  much  the  biistos  of  CVcero."  * 

If  lie  were  an  old  sachem  in  I(i!t4,  he  nnist  have  been  very  old  in  172(),  for 
ill  this  year  he  was  at  Albany  with  six  other  ambassadors,  where,  on  the  14 
l;i'|iitiiilier,  they  executed  an  agreement  with  the  English  ;  the  conditioiiH  of 
wlili'li  were  that  they  shoidd  siUTcnder  all  their  hunting-grounds  into  the 
hiimls  of  Coorakhoo,  as  they  called  the  King  of  England,  "  to  be;  protected 
ami  ili'feiided  by  his  said  majesty,  his  In'ii  iind  successors,  to  and  for  the 
isEof  lis,  oiu' heirs,  and  the  .said  threie  Nations."  These  had  belbie  been 
ciiiiiiienitiul,  as  follows ;  '•  Kanukaria;hton  and  Shaninlsanmwe,  .Si.nxkke 
Kulieiiis  ;  OUsofilikoree,  Dekanisoree  and  Aenjcucrnlt,  ('avouoe  sachems ;  liacly- 
ckahrodon  aiu\  Sada^etna^hlie,  Cnonoaoo  sachems."  f 

Charlevoix  was  unable  to  ascertain  the  time  of  Dekanisor  ilt  death,  although 
he  li'iuned  that  it  hap|)ened  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Louis.  Umh-r  d.itc  Iti!):},  ho 
spaks  ill  high  terms  of  him,  Oi(reou/wr<' and  Cnrakonthie,  h'ociunis  Christians, 
whom  Dckanisora  had  employed  secretly  to  bring  iiboiit  a  peace  with  that 
nation ;  hut  knew  not,  as  to  his  Christianity,  he  said,  at  that  time  ;  but  was 
certain  that  he  had  professed  it.     11  •  jji-oliably  diiid  abiiit  I7;W. 

We  will  go  a  little  back  in  this  |)lace,  to  noti(;e  a  chief  of  the  Adiroiidaks, 
ot'wiioiii  the  most  extraordinary  stories  an;  told  ;  even  t  lOse  lA'  Jadc-tlie-s^iant' 
killer  are  but  little  more  incredible.  And  eviMi  though  Father  Charlevoix 
WHS  fiiiiiiliar  with  them,  yet  he  deemed  thi-m  as  fiction,  ir  will  he  iimgined, 
from  his  not  relating  them  in  his  minute  history.  The  name  of  PEISKAI{FiT 
was,  lor  sundry  years  previous  to  104(3,  terrible  to  the  encmii^s  of  the  Adiron- 
daks.  This  nation,  when  Canada  was  settled  by  the  French,  in  KiOH,  resided 
about  300  miles  to  the  westward  of  Three  Uivers.  Mow  long  tlu-y  h  id  l)een 
at  war  with  the  Iroquois  at  this  time,  is  not  meitioned,  but  it  was  con  inued 
until  the  death  of  Pevtkaret  in  1()4(),  though  with  interruption  and  various 
siiiress;  but  with  this  chief  perished  all  opposition,  and  the  Adirondaks 
fignr,  d  no  more  as  a  nation. 

As  we  have  put  the  reader  upon  his  guard,  about  receiving  the  huge  stoi  ica 
about  Peiskaret  with  too  much  confidence,  it  will  be  ex|)ected  at  our  hands, 
perhaps,  that  we  give  a  sample  of  them,  as  it  m  ly  bo  said,  "  |)ossibly  they 
ari'tiiie."  We  might  have  done  this  without  thus  premising,  as  others  have 
done,  upon  the  authority  of  Colden,  (an  author  of  small  value,  eomj)aratively 
speaking.)  His  relation  proceeds  : — 
"An  Indian  named  Piskaret  was  at  this  time  J  one  of  the  captains  of 

•  Hisl.  Five  Nations,  i.  15fi. 

t  Governor  Thomas  Pownal,  Administration  of  liie  Priiisii  Colonies,  i.  238,  239. 
{  He  mentions  no  particular  time,  but  that  of  die  setileiiient  ol  CaiiaUa,  iu  1603  j  but  some 
lime  during  the  war  of  which  we  have  spokcu  muist  be  uiidurstood. 


:  'w 


.  '.ii^ 

'-  : 

•   ■-«■!! 

W'X 

M 

*^  '     .  '. 

y'f% 

il 

mi 

12  PEIMKAKKT.  jr^^  ^ 

grcatfst  faiiii'  iuiioii)r  tlii>  Ailiroiiilarks;  this  hold  man,  with  four  otlit-r 
tains,  set  out  liir  'I'rois  Kiviin-s  in  (iiif  oano*',  rach  of  Ihcni  hnnj,  ''*' 
viilt'il  with  three  niiisiiels,  whieh  lliey  h)a(l((»I  with  two  liiillelH  a|iiecr  i,,;,  ,'] 
wil'i  a  sniaii  cliaiii  ten  inches  Ion;;.  'Tliey  met  with  livi'  ciinoes  in  .S(,r!| 
Itiver,  eaih  iiavinj,'  10  men  nt'  tlie  I'ive  Nations  on  hoard.  I'mkani  anil  i.*,^ 
ra|>laiiis,  as  soon  as  iliose  ol'  the  I'ive  Mutions  drew  near,  |ii'etend(  d  ti, 


lil.i 
(.'ivn 


(  ajiianis,  as  soon  iif*  uiose  oi  ine  i  i»<-  i^iiiiwiin  mm»»  iieiir,  inciendeil  |i,  ir  ■ 
tlicmselves  up  lor  hist,  and  snn-,'  iheir  death-sonj;,  then  siuhleniv  tin  d  inn," 
tlie  canoes,  wlueh  they  repeated  uilli  the  arms  that  hiy  ready  loadcil  LI 
tore  those  hirch  vessids  hetwixt  wind  and  water.*  The  men  ol'  the  '|  ;,". 
Nations  \' ere  so  surprised,  tliat  they  tnndiled  out  ot' their  canoes,  and  <" 
7'i,v/7r/77  and  his  com|ianions  tlie  opportunity  of  knocking  as  many  ol' tlui 
on  tlie  head  as  they  pleased,  and  savin;;  ihc;  oljiers,  to  lied  llieir  nivcnir, 
which  they  did  hy  liuriiinj;  them  alive  with  tiie  most  cruel  torments.  'I'j,,^' 
however,  was  so  far  from  filullinjf  PlHknrtCs  revenj^i',  that  it  seemed  rutluT  i/ 
give  a  keener  ed;,'e  to  it ;  liir  he  .soon  alter  undertook  anoliier  enteriirJ!-!.  >, 
whicii  none  of  ids  countrymen  dursi  accompany  him.  He  was  well  aciniiiiiitKl 
with  the  coimtry  of  the  I'ivi;  Nations,  and  set  out  aliout  the  time  the  snow  \\v. 
gan  to  melt,  witii  the  precaution  of  putting  the  hinder  part  of  hi.s  show-sJK,,,, 
lbr\Nard,  that  if  any  should  happen  u|ion  his  Ibotsteps,  they  mi^dit  think  Iiiwhn 

f;one  the  contrary  way;  and  lor  furlher  security,  wt-nt  alon;;  tiic  rid(,'c,s  iind 
ligh  grounds,  whore  the  snow  was  melted,  that  his  trai  k  mi;(ht  he  oiii  n  |„^| 
WhiMi  he  came  near  on<!  <if  tlu;  villages  of  the  Five  Nations,  he  hid  lijnisilt' 
till  night, and  then  enu'red  a  cabin,  while e\ cry  body  was  liist  asleep nniidtiid 
tlu!  whole  liimily,  and  can'f.'d  their  scalps  into  Ids  hnkin;;-plac(!.  The  next lioy 
tlie  people  of  the  village  searched  for  the  inunh  rer  in  vain.  TIk;  Iu  IdwiH,, 
night  he  murdered  all  he  Ibimd  in  another  cahin.  The  inhabitantK  next  day 
searched  likewisi-  m  vain  liir  the  inm-direr:  but  the  third  night  a  watcli  wus 
kept  in  every  house.  Piskitnt,  in  the  night,  bundled  up  the  scalps  lie  |,nj 
taken  the  two  Ibrnier  nights,  to  can-y,  as  the  proof  of  his  xiclors,  and  i||,.|| 
stole  |irivately  from  liousi!  to  house,  till  at  last  lie  lound  an  Indian  ii(idiliii;r 
who  was  upon  tlu!  watch  in  one  of  the  liou.ses :  la;  knocked  ihis  man  on  tin. 
head;  hut  us  tliisalarme<l  tlu;  rest,  he  was  forced  immedi.itely  to  fly.  He  ^n..^ 
however,  under  lu)  great  concern  from  the  pursuit,  being  mor.'  swilt  of  (;„,[ 
than  any  Jntiiun  then  living.  He  let  his  pin'suers  cmne  near  him  from  liim; 
to  time,  and  tln^n  would  dart  from  them.  This  he  did  w  i.li  design  to  tiri'  tin m 
out,  with  the  hopes  of  overtaking  him.  As  it  began  to  grow  dark,  he  liidliim. 
stdlj  and  his  pursuers  .stojijied  to  n  st.  They  not  being  a|i|  rehensive  of  nuy 
danger  li-om  a  single  man,  soon  lell  asle.p ;  and  the  hold  Piskurtt  oli.st.'ivinif 
this,  knocked  them  all  on  the  head,  and  carried  aw.iy  their  sculps  witli  ihu 
rest.  Such  stories  as  these,"  continues  Cohkn,  "are  ttild  among  the  hidiai^ 
us  extruordiiiary  instunces  of  the  (;ourage  ai.d  conduct  of  their  captains." 

lielor.'  this,  as  we  appndieiid,  thoiii^h  relat  d  alterwards  by  this  autlior, 
were  the  great  expeditions  of  the  Iroquois  against  the  Adironduks.  The 
French  took  i)art  with  the  lattir  li-om  the  beginning,  and  when  Ch/implm 
visited  the  country,  he  johied  a  party  of  them,  i.nd  went  aguii.st  the  ir(](|iiois, 
and,  with  the  uid  of  his  fire-urms,  overcame  them  in  a  baitio  near  Lakt;  C'or- 
lur,  which  was  lieiicelbrth  called  Lake  Cliampi.dn.  Two  hundred  hoiinoiij 
We)     ••'■'■■-         .  ..      .- 

th 

llie    lirSt    time    tliey    jimt    Od;il    LUI;    tj:ilf.:i.in   Ul     ^imt^.  Amo   t.iii((ii      *T<in   111    ivjil. 

Finally,  the  ho«piois,  having  grown  ctiiiscioiis  of  llit  ir  strength,  lelt  con- 
fidi.nt  that,  if  they  could  prevent  the  Freiuh  from  as.-isting  them,  iliey  loiild 
withsUmd  them.  Therefore,  they  pr,  tended  to  l.e  well  ulli.cied  towards 
their  religion,  and  recpiested  thut  missionaries  should  lie  .sent  among  tiiiiii. 
This  was  done  without  delay.  Their  n  ul  object  was  soon  uppaitiit;  lor 
they  treated  the  Jesuit  missionaries  only  us  liosUiges,  and  this  was  die  ineiiiis 
of  making  them  stand  neural  while  they  carried  on  their  war  with  the  Adi- 
rondaks  and  Uuutoghies  or  llurons,  whom  tin  y  .soon  ulter  defeated  "in  a 
dreudfid  battle  fought  within  two  leagues  of  Uneheck." 

This  expedition  turned  out  so  much  to  their  udvantage,  "  the  Five  Nations 

*  The  author  of  Indian  Tales  has  copied  this  closuly,  but  gives  uo  ciedil.  Talei,'a. 
X,  Sic. 


ur,  which  was  henceforth  called  Lake  Cliainpi.dn.  Two  hundred  ho(|ii()iij 
irVere  in  tJiis  fight,  and  the  French  k,  pt  tliem.selves  ceiiceal  d,  until  it  In  jjaii, 
Jien  rushed  forward,  and  immediately  put  the  Iroipiois  to  flight.  This  wm 
;he  first  time  they  had  seen  the  cHitcts  of  gnus.     This  afliiir  was  in  ItJil. 


[Boot  V, 

n,  witli  fi)iir  other  cui). 
li  of  tlii'iii  Ih'Iii;^  pro- 
i>  WiillctH  apirc)-,  jtiiii|.,| 
li  livf  cniiiK's  ill  Surd 
imiil.  I'lskiint  aiiil  In, 
iiciir,  iiU'tciiilcd  til  j;ivn 
I'll  Hiultlcnly  lirnl  ii|miii 
t  liiy  riiiitly  Idadcd,  iukI 

'I'lif   nun  til'  ilii"  1 1\,; 

tlii'ir  fiinocH,  anil  irim: 
icUinf:  as  niiiny  (if  tlM.'n, 
s,  til  lit'd  tlu'ir  ii'vi'iij;^, 
t  cnii  1  loniiciils.  'I'liis, 
,  tliat  it  f-ccnii'il  nilluT  to 
ik  aniillicr  fiitciiirisc,  ui 

lltt  NViis  well  aciiimiiitnl 
lilt  tlio  tinit'  tin;  .-^iiiiw  Uv. 
IT  part  <'l'  lii«  sikiw-mIkhs 
i,  tlifj  mifjlit  lliiiik  licwiw 
■(•111  alonn  till'  iiil(,'i's  and 
iracU  iiiij!;lit  lit'  <titcii  Iim, 
(>  Natidiis,  Ik;  liiil  liiinsi'll' 

was  tiist  artlt'i'p  nnirdcicil 
|viiif:-lilai'(!.  'I'iifiuMday 
•  ill  vain.  'I'll*;  Ib.lowini; 
Tilt'  iiilialiitants  uv\\  iluy 
i(>  third  nif^lit  a  wiitcli  wus 
led  lip  tlif  st'al|)s  lii'  Imd 
(if  (if  liis  \ifton,  and  tiicu 
loiind  an  Indian  iKidillni;, 
'.  kiu)cUt'<l  tliis  man  (in  ilni 
uucdi.iti'ly  t(i  tly.    lltiwiis, 

lioin"'  nior.'  swill  of  liuii 

'cdUK'  iK'ar  liini  IVoni  tiini; 

lid  wi.li  drsifin  to  tire  tliiia 

II  to  ;],r()W  dark,  lie  liitl  liiiii- 

III!  liold  Piskuret  olisorviiig 
Lway  llit'ir  scalpH  wilii  the 
flic  told  anionj;  tlie  Indiiin.s 
liict  oftlicir  captains." 

itcrwards  by  tliiw  mitlinr, 
lust  lli»!   Adirondaks.    Tlie 
iiMfr,  unti  wlieii   Ch'mjilm 
I  wTUt  a;:uii.st  liie  Imiiiinis, 
ill  a  baiilc  near  Luki;  Cur- 
■  1,     Two  liimdreii  lioiiiwis 
[scciiceul  d,  nnlil  it  li^fiaii, 
oiinois  toiViglit.    Tliiswiu 
Tliia  ulVair  was  in  UiH- 
I  of  tlair  strcntji''.  1^''  *^""" 
1  us.-i.sliiig  ll.cni,  iln-y  eoud 
l,c  well    ulU.cuid  towards 
^uld  lie  «ent  among  tliein. 
U   was  soon  apparLnl;  lor 
kes,  and  tliis  was  ilio  meiuis 
on  their  war  with  the  Adi- 
sooi.  ufler  deleated"iua 

t'anie,"  the  Five  Nations 
but  gives  uo  ciedil.    To/ei.u. 


I'lnf 


pivc 


M 


FIVF,   lUOQUOrs  (niUM'H   VISIT  E.N'OLAND. 


18 


lilt,  that  tlii'V  intt'iiilcd  next  winter  *  to   visit  tli«> 


Hdvcrnor  nf  Ciinmlfi: 


\isits  arc  always  iiiiidc  with  iniicli  show.  Iiidcr  this  pri  tciicc  tlii'V 
;i!licrc(l  lo;.'cllicr  lOOO  or  I'iOO  nicii.  Their  oiiiscoiiis  inct  uiih  I'ishnnt  near 
Vi'idct  Kiver,  and  slill  prctcndiii;;  a  friciiilly  visit  to  llie  ^'OMinor  of  Canada, 
a^llnir  only  dcsi^'ii,  he  told  tlicni,  that  the  Adinuidacks  were  ifuidcd  into 
iitii  li'iiiics,  one  of  which  hunted  on  the  mirth  side  of  St.  Lawrence  Itivcrat 
W.iliMiakc,  three  lea^'iies  iiln»\e  'I'rois  Ki\iires,  and  liie  other  al  iNicolct.  Ah 
,1,11  MS    iicy    liail    ^milled  this   inlbrnialion,    tiiey    killed   him,    and  retiirned 

wo 


\iilli 


his   head   to  the  army,     'i'lie    I'  ive  Nations  divided  likewise  into  i 


liiidics:  they  siir)iris(;(l  the  Adirondacks,  in  lioth  piiuM'H,  and  in  lioth  nitthciii 


111  pieces. 

Tliis  account  is  inoni  circninstantial  than  that  j.'iveii  iiy  Cfuirhvoir,  hiit,  tw 
u' liavc  seen,  would  have  licen  without  any  value,  lint  liir  his  cliidiiol(i;;y. 
11,.  states  that,  liy  their  previous  conduct,  the  Mohawks  had  reason  to  expect, 
;,;,!  idl  the  iiei;r|ilioi'iiin;  iiaiions  would  join  to  oppose  them,  and  that  they 
., Ill  (Piit  parlies  to  ohserve  what  was  passing.'  aiiiunj;  them  ;  thai  one  of  iIk^so 
Minis  met  /'(wAvr/r/ alone,  hut  dared  not  attack  him;  liciii;,'  persuaded  lie 
i  kill  at  least  half  of  iheiii,  as  he   had  othii  done    In  fore.     Tliev  tlierc- 


Hllllll 

i;,ri'  IK 


ciisted  him  as  a  friend,  whih;  sonic  came  up  liehind  hit  i,  and  slaliJMul 


liiiii 


td  the  heart. 


lint  for  the   I'reiich,    the   lro(|iiois     had   now  liccii  complete   masters  of 
all  the  iidrlherii  and   western   re;:ioiis;  and   some   have  oliserved,   that   iiad 
llnv  known  the   weakness  of  lliosf!  white  iicij^dihors,  al  the  tiiiu;  lliey  over- 
rule IJjc  AliroMijiiiiis,  near   Cluelicc,  they    nii;,'ht    easily    have    cleared   the 
iiiMiry  of  them  also. 

\\i'  will  close  this  cliapter  with  an   ai'coimt  of  the  visit  of  five  Iroijiioi.s 
liiKis  to   r<ii<r|and.     The    l'.ii<.disli   in    Anierica  had   siippnsed   that   if  ihcy 
cdiivince    the    Indian  iiiitions    ot"  the   |iowt'r  and  f,'reatiiess   of  their 
■r  country,  they  should  hi;   iihh;  to  detach  tlntii  liin^vcr  from   the   iii- 
of  the   l''rencli.     To  iiccomplisli  this  ohject,  llies(!  chiefs   were   pre 


(Miihi 
liiiiilii 


V.llli'l' 
llirVi'llI 


iipiin  to  make  the  voyii;.'e.  They  visited  the  court  of  (iiiceii  ,  Imic  iu 
1710.  Mone  ol' the  Ainericjin  historians  seem  to  have  known  tlie 
iiiiiics  df  these  clii((ls,  or,  il"  they  did,  have  not  thoii^'lit  it  proper  to  transmit 
iliiiii.  Sinilli,  in  iiis  history  ol'  Mew  York,  iiKMitions  tins  fact  of  their  htivinn; 
•,i-;tiil  Kiiglaiid,  and  -.nves  the  speech  which  they  made  to  tla;  (lueeii,  and 
Mvsil  is  preserved  "  in  Oldiniron"  |icrliaps  in  iIk;  '.2d  edition  of  his  Hiirrisii 
Hmi'IKK  i.v  A>!K.Ki(:A,f  as  iiothiii}.'  of  tim  kind  is  found  in  his  history  of  Hnj?- 
IiiirI.  iiltlioii<;h  he  records  tin;  circunistanc.);,  and  ill-naturedly  enoi>i;li  too. 
Ui  iliiiik  he  would  iiardly  htivo  dono  i^vi-n  this,  hut  for  the  piirjiose  ol"  ridi- 
mliii;;  the  friends  ot'  the  (piecn.  'i'li(!  following  is  all  that  he  says  of  tliem:| 
"Tliici;  wiM'kH  allur  the  hattic  of  Sarnigossa  was  fought  liy  (ieneral  Stnnliojw, 
«iinsi' victory  mtide  way  for  the  iinirch  to  Madrid,  the  mnvs  of  tin;  victory 


U,'!,-,  Ill'dll 


llllll'll 


;lit  to  the  (lUceii  hy  ('oloiiel    //^rrmo;i,  the  \'t  Septemli 


O.  S.,  at 
time  the  High-church  ralilile  were  pelting  (ieneral  .S'/fniZ/o/x's  proxy. 


aim  KiidcK 


iimdown  his  friends  at  the   NVestiuinstcr  election.     However,  li 


ir 


till' successes  in  Spain,  iind  for  tin;  taking  of  Doway,  Hiithune  and  Aire,  l»y 
till'  duke  i)\' Mnrllxmni'fh  in  Fliinders,  there  was  a  thiuiksgiving-day  apiioiiite.il, 
ivliii'ii  till-  (jiKU'ii  solemnized  in  St.  .laiiu^s's  chapel.  Ttj  liavi;  goiu;  as  usual 
liSt.  faiil's,  and  then;  to  lijive  had  Tu  Deiim  sung  on  that  occasion,  would 
liavc  siidwti  too  much  countenance;  to  thosi;  bravi;  and  victorious  J'jiglisli 
ruiiMiiis,  who  were  lighting  her  liattl(;s  tdirotid,  while  High-church  was  plot- 
liii:',  and  railing,  and  addressing  iigainst  them  at  home.  'J'lio  carrying  ot 
imi;  Indian  t-asa(|iies  tihoiit  in  tlit;  (pie(;ii's  coaches,  was  all  tin;  triumph  of 
lilt;  llarloian  administration;  tht;y  woro  called  kings,  and  clothed,  hy  the 

'  Nil  niio  Pail  tell  when  iwrl  winter  was,  that  is,  what  year  il  was  in,  hy  any  connection  in 
CfWi'n's  text ;  iio  is  so  excfedingly  loose  with  regard  to  dates  ;  but,  according  to  Charlevoix ^ 
iiuas  in  li;W, 

t  Tiie  lirst  edition  (whicli  I  possess)  was  printed  in  1708. 

\Uiiil.  Knxht)ul,\\.  Wl.     ( l''ol.  IjOiuIoii,  17,{.5.) 

\  llu  siiys  /ii'e,  a  lew  lines  onward,  in  his  usual  random  mode  of  expression,  supposing'  it  all 
lii'  >;iiiie,  doiibiicss.  as  he  xoas  otdtj  considering  Indians !  It  will  be  seen  tiiai  five  was  the  real 
auinber. 


■ 

-  -.s 

■  '  y. 

,  ■  _     I 

■^*;< 

.^«A 

;,i;Y'^ 

il 

■.Mmm 

14 


FIVE  IROQUOIS  CHIEFS  VISIT  ENGLAND. 


[Book  V. 


•r  ■    :  T'       '■ 


JiS-:l 


/.'  .;i 


'••.ii  ^;:». 


^m'X 


■fv  ■;,«:> 


play-house  tailor,  liko  other  kings  of  the  theatre ;  they  were  eoiidiicted 
aiulieneo  i)y  Sir  Charles  CoUercl ;  there  was  a  speccli  made  for  thciii  ai  *" 
nothing  oniitt<!(l  to  do  honor  to  these  five  inonareiis,  wiiose  |)roseiic(.  did  ><' 


rat"  Indians  in  tiiose  njuts" 
his  Tatier  of  jMay  l;{,  i7]o 


muidi  iionor  to  the  new  ministry;  wliirli  tiie  latter  seemed  to  he  extrcn'iolv 
fond  of,  and  defrayed  all  their  expenses  (hiring  their  stay  here.  Tiiev  wijv 
the  eajttains  of  the  four  nations,  [Five  Nations,]  in  league  with  tiie  l';ii<r|ij;| 
at  New  York  and  New  England,  and  eanie  in  person  to  treat  of  iiiaUcV' 
conreriiing  trade  with  the  lords  commissioners  of  plantations  ;  as  also  of 
ci.tvrprise  against  the  French,  and  their  confeder 

Sir  Richard  Skcle  mentions  these  chiefs  in  I 
and  .Mdison  makes  them  the  suhject  of  a  number  of  the  Spectator  tlii' 
next  year,  at  a  suggestion  of  Dean  Swift.*  Neither  of  these  papers  how- 
ever, contain  many  facts  resj)ecting  them.  In  the  former  it  is  iiientioneil 
tiiat  one  of  them  was  taken  sickf  at  the  house  where  they  were  accoiiiiiin- 
dated  dining  their  stay  in  London,  and  they  all  received  great  kindness  nnd 
attention  from  their  host,  which,  on  their  departure,  was  the  cause  ot  their 
honoring  him  with  a  name  of  distinction ;  which  wa.s  Cadaroipte,  and  .vii  r. 
niticid  "Mfi  stronoest  fori  in  their  country.^^  Jn  s])eaking  of  their  residciipp 
Mr.  Steele  says,  "  They  were  placed  in  a  handsome  apartment  at  an  iinlml.' 
ster's  in  King-street,  Coveiit-garden."  There  wciO  fine  portraits  of  (>a(li  of 
them  painted  at  the  time,  and  are  still  to  be  seen  in  the  liritish  Museum.  | 

The  best  and  most  methodical  account  of  these  chiefs  was  i)ui)lisli((l  in 
the  great  anm  al  history  l),\  Mr.  Boijer,  §  and  from  whicdi  we  extract  as  follows: 
"On  the  I!)  April  Te  Yee  JVecn  tio  Ga  Prow,  and  Sa  Ga  Yean  Qua  Prah 
Ton,  of  the  Ma(pias  ;  Elow  Oh  Koam,  and  Oh  JVee  Yeath  Ton  jYo  Prow,  11  of 
the  river  sachem.^f  and  the  Ganajoh-hore  sachem,**  four  kings,  or  chiefs  (if  tiie 
Six  Nations  ft  in  the  West  Indies,  JJ  which  lie  between  New  England,  aiKJ 
New  France,  or  ("anada :  who  lately  came  over  with  the  West  India  flcpt. 
and  were  cloathed  and  entertained  at  the  queen's  expense,  had  a  piililir 
audience  of  her  majesty  at  the  j)alacc  of  St.  James,  being  conducted  tiiitjier 
in  two  of  her  majesty's  coaches,  by  Sir  Charles  Cotterel,  master  of  tiio  rcro 
monies,  and  introtluced  by  the  duke  of  Shreivshury,  lord  chamberlain.  Tiiov 
made  a  speech  by  their  intrejireter,  which  Major  Pidgeon,  who  was  one  of 
the  officers  that  came  with  them,  read  in  English  to  her  majesty,  beiiif  as 
follows  : — 

'  (ireat  Queen — We  have  tmdertakcn  a  long  and  tedious  voyage,  wiiicli 
none  of  our  i)redecessors  §§  could  be  prevailed  upon  to  undertake.  Tlie 
motive  that  induced  us  was,  that  we  might  see  our  great  (pieeii,  and  iclaie 
to  her  those  things  we  thought  absolutely  necessary,  for  the  good  of  her,  and 
us,  her  allies,  on  the  other  side  the  great  water.     We  doubt  not  hut  our  (.Teat 


*  "  I  inteiiclcil  to  liave  written  a  book  on  that  siihjf'ct.  I  bcliovc  he  [Aihlianii]  lias  spcn!  it 
all  in  one  paper,  and  ail  'he  nnder  hints  thei^  are  mil  -^o."  iiwifl's  Letter  to  Airs.  Jolinson. 
daW  Lomkm,'28  \pn\.\lU. 

t  This  was  probably  the  one  that  died,  of  whom  Au/m,  in  his  travels  in  America,  i.  210, 
makes  ineiiiicii ;  lluniifli  [  do  not  find  a  recor<l  of  it  in  any  periodical  of  thai  day. 

i  Notes  to  the  Specttitor,  cd.  in  8  vols.  8vo.     London,  1781). 

^S  "  I'ho  Annals  of  (iiieen  Anne's  Reij,ni,  Year  the  !X.  for  1710,"  189—191.  This  is  a 
v/crk  coiiiaininif  a  most  valualilc  fund  of  niformation,  and  is,  with  its  rontiniiaiioii,  a  lasiiiif 
moiuMnent  (o  ws  learned  publisher ;  his  being  dragged  into  the  Dunciail  in  one  of  Popes 
freaks  notwiiiistanding. 

II  We  have  these  names  in  the  Taller,  spell  Tee  Yee  Neen  Ifo  Ga  Row,  Sa  Ga  Yeath  Rui 
Geth  Ton,  E  Tow  Oh  Koam,  and  Ho  Nee  Yeth  Taw  No  Row. 

1!  It  is  dilliriilt  lo  conceive  what  is  meant  by  River  Indians  from  many  of  onr  anlliors.  In 
ihc  Appendix  lo  JelTerson's  Notes,  308,  they  are  called  River  Indians,  or  IMohiikamlers, 
"  will)  had  ihi'ir  dwellings  between  the  west  branch  of  Delaware  and  Hudson's  river,  I'ruiii  ihe 
Kiuatiimy  ridge  down  lo  the  Rarilon."  The  "  Mohiccons  "  were  another  liibe  about  ihe 
islands  and  mouth  of  the  Hudson. 

**  I'robably  .ne  chief  of  Canajohara. 

ft  Hiienj.  If,  according  to  Volden  and  others,  the  Tuscaroras  did  not  join  the  Iroqiioii 
until  1712,  and  until  that  time  these  were  called  the  F'ivc  Nations,  how  comes  it  that  tlicy  were 
known  in  England  by  the  name  n(  Si.K  Nations  in  1710?  j 

Ij:  No  one  can  be  misled  iiy  this  error,  any  more  than  an  Englishman  would  be  by  being 
tcid  that  London  is  situated  al  the  foot  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

^^  None  of  ihc  Six  Nations,  must  be  uuderstood. 


SGLAND. 


[Book  V. 


they  were  rondvicted  to 
eccli  nmde  for  them,  miu 
lis,  whoso  iirosciict'  did  so 
r  HOPiiu'd  to  he  oxtn.'iiicly 
'h'  stiiy  lioro.  Tliry  wvn 
1  h'a<tuo  ■witli  tlio  l''.iij:lisli 
i)cr80ii  to  trout  of  i natters 

]ilaiitations  ;  as  also  of  jin 
,!.■  Indians  hi  tlmso  imrts." 
lis  Tatltn-  of  May  \:\,  1710, 
nhor  of  the   Spectator  tlio 
tlior  of  these  papers,  liow- 
;he  former  it  is  mentioned 
vhcre  they  were  accoiunin- 
rcceived  great  kindness  and 
rture,  was  tlie  cans*;  of  tlicir 
■h  was  Cadnroqut,  and  si^- 
ipcaking  of  tlieir  resid.nip, 
jjiie  apartment  at  an  iiiihol- 
e.'C  fmc  portraits  of  eacli  of 
in  the  Britisli  Musenm.  \ 
lese  chiefs  was  pnldisiicd  in 

wliich  we  extract  as  follows: 
md  Sa  Ga  Yean  ({ua  Prah 
ree  Yeath  Ton  jVo  Proiv,  \\  of 
I  **  four  kings,  or  chiefs  oftlic 
'hetween  New  England,  and 
rcY  with  the  West  hidia  fleot, 
leen'a  expense,  had  a  pnlilio 
amcs,  hcing  conducted  tliitlicr 
>s  Coltcrd,  master  of  tlie  ocn:- 
luni,  hint  chamherlain.    Tlicy 

m-  Pif/gf"*  '^^■l'"  '^^''^^^  """  "' 
ish  to  her  majesty,  being  as 

„a-  and  tedious  voyage,  wliiili 
ed  upon  to  undertake.  The 
ee  our  great  ([ueen,  and  relate 
^sarv,  for  tVio  good  of  her,  and 
\Ve  douht  not  hut  our  great 


Tbcliovohc[.'l.Wwf"ll>aYP™iil 
,o_)>     «ii-7/rs  Letter  to  Mrs.  Johnson. 

ulm,  in  his  travels  in  America,!. 210, 
y  periodical  of  thai  day. 

-X  for  1710,"  1S9-1?1,  Tim  n  a 
in.l  is,  will,  its  oontinnatinn,  a  asun? 
^  iiJloihcDunciadinoneollV* 

^W„noGaRow,SaGaYealhRu 

Tuscaroras  did  not  join  the  Iroquois 
c  Natrons,  how  comes  it  that  ihcywae 

lanEnglishmaiiv-'ouldbcbybeins 
oiiniains. 


CBAP-  J] 


FIVE  IROQUOIS  CHIEFS   VISIT  ENGLAND. 


15 


queen  has  heeii  ucriiiaiiited  witii  our  long  and  tedious  war,  in  cotijuncti 
iviili  her  ciiildreii,  against  her  eiHMuies  tlie  French :  and  that  we  liavc  I) 


tiou 
oil 
jj,  11  strong  wall  for  tiieir  security,  even  to  tlic  loss  of  our  best  men.     Tlie 
ifiitli  of  wiiicii  our  l)roiiier   (^iier/w,  Colonel  [Peter]  Schuyler,  ami  .Inuiliurar- 
Colonel  .Vicliolson,  can  testily  ;  they  having  all  our  proposals  in  wrilinj;. 


We  were  mightily  rejoiceil  when  we  heard  by  ^hiaddfrarjaux,  that  our  great 


had  resolved  to  .send  an  army  to  reduce  Canada;  from  whose  mou.li 
OTix'iidily  embraced  om*  great  tjueen's  instructions:  and  in  token  of  cnir 
friendship,  we  hung  up  the  kettle,  and  took  ji  the  hatchet;  and  with  one 
consent  joinetl  our  brotlier  (^nedcr,  anil  ►'/  ,ktgarjaur,  in  making  prepara- 
,i^iis  oi;  this  side  the  lake,  by  building  forts,  .store-houses,  canoes  and  bat- 
,,,;i,ix;  wU'iist  AundUtsla,  (Jolonel  letch,  at  the  same  time,  raised  an  army  at 
)j,i<toii,  of  which  wo  were  infornuid  by  our  ambassadors,  whr)m  we  sent 
iliiilier  for  that  purjios:'.  We  waited  long  in  expectation  of  the  fhu't  Irom 
jiiirjaiid,  to  join  AnadUtski,  to  go  against  Uucbec  by  sea,  whilst  ..'Inadav^ar- 
liMU',  (lutder,  and  we,  wimt  to  Port  Royal  by  land ;  but  at  last  we  were  told, 
iiiiit  our  great  (pieen,  by  sonu!  important  affair,  was  iiriivented  iu  her  design 
for  tiuit  season.  This  made  us  extreme  sorrowful,  lest  the  French,  wlio 
j,|ilierto  had  dreadiid  us,  should  now  think  us  unable  to  make  war  against 
liein.  The  reduction  of  Canada  is  of  .such  weight,  that  after  the  ettecting 
tliereof,  wo  should  have  free  hunting,  and  a  great  trade  with  our  great 
omen's  children  ;  and  as  a  token  of  the  sincerity  of  the  Six  Nations,  we  do 
tere,  in  the  name  of  all,  present  our  great  (pieen  with  the  belts  of  wampum. 
We  need  not  urge  to  our  great  (lueen,  more  than  the  i.jcessity  we  really  labor 
uuder  obliges  us,  that  in  case  our  great  (pieen  should  not  be  mindful  of  us, 
we  must,  with  our  families,  l<)rsake  our  country,  and  seek  other  habitations, 
or  stand  neuter;  either  of  which  will  be  much  agaiiust  our  inclinations, 
Siace  we  have  been  in  alliance  with  our  great  (pieen's  children,  we  have  had 
Eoaie  knowledge  of  the  Savior  of  the  world;  and  have  often  been  impor- 
tiiued  by  the  French,  both  by  the  iiisiuimtions  of  their  jtriests,  and  by 
presents,  to  coine  over  to  their  intiirest,  but  have  always  esteemed  them  men 
ui' lalsehood ;  but  if  our  great  cpieeu  will  be  pleased  to  send  over  some 
persons  to  instruct  us,  they  shall  find  a  mo.st  hearty  welcome.  We  Jiov/ 
close,  with  hopes  of  our  great  queen's  favor,  ■ind  leave  it  to  her  most  gracious 
consideration." 

We  cannot  but  respond  amen  to  Mr.  Oldmixon^s  opinion  of  this  speech, 
namely,  that  it  was  made /or  instead  of  bij  the  chiel's ;  still  we  thought  it 
proper  to  print  it,  and  that  by  so  dohig  we  should  give  satisfaction  to  more 
tinii  by  withholding  it.  Our  account  next  proceeds :  "  On  Friday,  the  21 
A|iril,  the  four  Indian  princes  went  to  see  Dr.  Flainstead^s  house,  ami  mallic- 
riialieal  instruments,  in  Greenwich  Park  ;  after  which  they  were  nobly 
treated  by  some  of  the  lords  commissioners  of  the  admiralty,  in  one  oi"  her 
iiiijesty's  yachts.  Tliey  staid  about  a  fortnight  longer  in  Loiulon,  where  they 
wer' entertained  by  several  persons  of  distinction,  particularly  by  the  duke 
of  Onnond,  who  regaled  them  likewise  with  a  review  *  of  the  limr  troo|)s  of 
lil'e-giiards ;  and  having  seen  all  the  curiosities  in  and  about  this  metropolis, 
tliey  went  down  to  Portsmouth,  through  Hampton  Court  and  Windsor,  and 
fiiiiiarked  on  board  the  Dragon,  one  of  her  majesty's  ships,  Cajitain  Martin, 
connnodore,  together  with  Colonel  Francis  JK^icholson,  commander-in-chief 
of  the  forces  designed  lor  an  expedition  in  America.  On  the  8  May, 
liie  Dragon  and  Falmouth  sailed  from  Spithead,  having  under  convoy  ubcnit 
L^  sail,  consisting  of  merchantmen,  a  bomb-shi|)  and  tender,  and  several 
trans|)orts,  with  JJritish  oHicers,  a  regiment  of  marines,  iirovisions  and  ^tol■es 
of  war;  and  on  the  15  July  arrived  at  Boston  in  New  F,iigland." 

Little  is  to  be  gathered  from  Smithes  history  of  New  York  relative  to 
those  sachems,  lie  gives  a  sjieecli  which  t!  I'y  made  to  the  queen,  but 
it  is  a  meagre  abridgment  of  loss  than  half  of  the    one   a  love,  and  the 


'And  tlio  chiefs  made  a  speech  in  return,  Imt  our  author  makes  tiiis  note  upon  it: 
''N.  I).  The  speech  which  was  said  to  have  been  made  by  ihem,  on  that  occasion,  to  llie 
Julie  of  Ormom,  is  spurious. ' 


^^E  j 

mm 

^Hr.  ' 

|^^H^<  ' 

T'  *' '■'"1 

■ '  '*•■"'*■' i 

;       ■■     'v  '-.i^ 

nil 

t  ; 


* ' 

'■-,  i 

h     , 

^ 

v^- 

'  *   , 

,.    '  v"'.' 

■■"^ 

:^'*1  ''■  ■• 

1 

.i 

m 

^  •  un 

■  ?  -^ 

^'m 

i«; 


16 


TAMANY. 


rest  is  omitted  cntiroly. 
luucle  u  jriout  bruit   tliroii 


[Book  V. 

"Tlie  arrival  of  tlio   five  snc-lienis  in   Kn.r|,„|,i 
ghoiit   tlio  whole  kiii^aloiii.      Tin;  mol,  ii,||r,u,.,i 
wliurnver  tlioy  wont,  and  siuali  cuts  oftlifiu  wfro  sold  aiiiuiifr  the  inojilc"  • 

Tlio  main  oiijoct  of  tlicir  visit  to  lOnjjIand  was  not,  nor,  in  tlic  natiin'  of 
tilings,  could  it  bo  otK-ctod.  1  m(!un  the  introduction  of  Christianity  aiiKintf 
tlicm.  J'ivcn  thoso  very  sachems,  who,  accordinj^  to  tlio  stories  of  tlmt  din" 
rc(|U(!Sted  to  have  missioimries  settled  with  thoiii,  were  anioiijr  tlio  liist  i(! 
neglect  them  when  settled  among  tliom.f  "It  might  have  been  iiiia-riiK  j' 
says  tho  author  just  cited,  "  the  sachems,  those  petty  kings,  w ho  \s(.|c  j], 
England  in  tho  late  Uueon's  tinu ,  should  have  been  so  strongly  aHected  with 
seeing  the  grandoui',  pleasm-o,  and  plenty  of  this  nation,  that  wiieii  tluv  laino 
to  their  own  countries,  they  would  have  tried  to  reduce;  th,ir  peopfi;  to  n 
polite  life ;  would  have  employed  their  whole  power  to  ovpel  that  rude  hai-. 
barism,  and  introduce  arts,  manuors,  and  religion:  but  the  contrary  liiiiiiKu. 
ed ;  they  sunk  themselves  into  their  old  brutal  life,  and  though  they  had 
Been  this  great  city,  [London,]  when  they  came  to  their  own  wootls,"  ii,ey 
were  all  savages  again." 

'I'herc  cannot  bo  a  wider  difference  than  the  two  nations,  I'ligli^h  iuid 
French,  make  in  their  accounts  of  tho  original  condition,  manners  and  ens. 
toms  of  the  Iroipiois.  While  the  writers  of  the  former  described  tliein  iis 
the  most  barbarous,  cruel,  and  bloody,  those  of  tho  latter  portray  tiicia  in 
enviable  colors.  This  ditierenco  seems  to  have  entirely  arisen'  lioin  the 
dilforent  relation  of  the  two  nations  to  them.  That  they  were  cruel  niid 
barbarous  to  their  enemies  is  agreed  by  both,  and  it  unibrtuiiately  liaiipcnt  d 
that  tho  English  were  geueruUy  their  enemies,  until  the  reduction  of  Ciinuda 
ill  17G0.  ' 


CHAPTER  n. 

Tamany,  a  famous  ancient  Delaware — His  history — Suikellimus — Farors  the,  Mnrnri- 
an  Drcthrrii — His  reception  of  Count  Zinzendorf — His  death — Canassatkod — I'niis 
Ph'dadclphia — His  speech  to  the  Dclawares — Anecdotes  of  him — Glikhikax— //i^ 
speech  to  Half-king- — His  attachment  to  the  Christian  Indians — Meets  icilli  muck 
trouble  from  Captain  Pipe — Conduct  of  Half-king — Of  Pipe — Glikhikan  pirisks 
in  the  massacre  at  Gnadenhuetten — Pakankk — His  history — Nktawatwkks— 
Becomes  a  Christian — His  speech  to  Pakankc — His  death — Paxnous — Taiiecski  sn 
— His  history  and  death — White-evks — His  transactions  with  the  missiunarit^— 
Skenando — His  celebrated  speech — Curious  anecdote  of  him — His  death. 

Tamany  was  a  name  much  in  print,  fifty  years  since,  but  of  what  nntioii 
or  country,  or  whether  applied  to  an  imaginary  or  real  personage,  by  any  ac- 
count  accompanying  it,  no  one  could  determine.  The  truth  respecting  tiiis 
has  at  h-ngth  come  to  light. 

He  was  a  Delaware  chief,  of  similar  renown  to  the  Basheha  of  Kennclicck, 
and  JVanepashemet  of  Massachusetts  ;  and  we  infer  lioni  Gnhrkl  Thomas.! 
that  possibly  he  might  have  been  alive  as  late  as  1G80  or  1G90.  He  wrote 
the  name  Tcmcny. 

Mr.  Heckewclder,  in  his  Historical  Account  of  the  Indian  Nations,  de- 
votes a  chaiitor  to  this  chief  and  Tadeuskund.  He  s[)ells  the  name  Tumawi 
The  ditficulty  of  gaining  inlbrmation  of  deceased  hidividnals  among  the 
Indians  is  well  known  to  those  conversant  with  their  history.  Mr.  Heck- 
tveldcr  t-iiya,  "No  white,  man  who  regards  their  feelings,  will  introduce  wuli 
subjects  in  conversation  w  ith  them."    This  reluctance  to  speak  of  the  de- 

*  Hist.  New  York,  122.  ed.  4to.  I^ondoii,  17.")7.  RcautiCu!  fuil-lciiaUi  portraits  of  four  d 
these  ciiiefs  wen- done  in  mezzolinlo  at  liie  time  tliey  wore  in  England,  l)iit  they  witc  Imi; 
since  ol'\ery  rare  occurrence.  I  possess  the  best  set  ol'liiem  whicii  I  have  ever  seen.  Tiicy 
are  usually  found  in  l)lack  frames,  and  are  about  20  inches  in  lieit^iit  by  12  in  breadth.  The 
portrnit  of  tiie  one  lliat  (Tied  was  not  probably  taken,  wiiich  accounts  for  oui  having  bnl  four. 

t  HiiMiMiiiK.v's  Historical  .Account  Soc.  for  Prop.  Gospel,  ;M)'J,  .310. 

i  "  Who  resided  there  [in  Pejuisylvanial  about  15  years,"  and  wiio  publisiied  "  An  Historic' 
ttl  Olid  Geographical  Account  of  Pa.  tiiid  \V,  Jersey,"  12iiio.  London,  1G98. 


[Book  V. 

lenis  in  I'li^iliiml 
lit)  1111)1)  rulliiwi'd 
ill^  tlir  jicoph',"  • 
ill  tlif  iuitiii(i  of 
Jlinstiaiiity  uiiiiin;:; 
Horit'S  of  tliiU  (lii\, 

lUllDllff   till!   lii'st  io 

e  Ix't'ii  iiiuiiriiinl,'' 
iiifis,  who  Nvcri'  in 
oiijrly  iitti-'ctcd  with 
lat  wlit'ii  tlu'V  I'iuiie 
tli'.'ir  pt'ttph!  ti)  ii 
ipcl  tliiit  niilc  War- 
o  contrary  liiiiiiicu- 
lI  tlioiiflh  tliey  liad 
r  own  woods,  tliey 

lationn,  I'^n^disli  iiud 
I,  nuuincr.s  and  cus- 
f  dcscrilxHl  tluMii  ils 
ttcr  portray  tliciii  in 
•cly  arisen  iroin  tlie 
hey  were  cruel  and 
fortunately  liai>i)i'ii(d 
rediictiou  of  Cuuudii, 


j,us — Favors  the  Nnrnn- 

— CANASSATF.dO— ('(Mis 

/jjin, — Glikhikan— //is 
Huns — Meets  w'Uli  much 
Ipa — Gllkhikan  ycrisks 

Yy^y_ISr.TA\VAT\VKKS- 

IPaxnous— TAPEi'SKisn 
tcitli  the  missiumrks— 
m—His  death. 

-e,  bnt  of  what  nation 
personage,  hy  any  iu'- 
truth  respecting  this 

^iasheha  of  Kennchcck, 

ffroni  Gnhrid  Thomas.! 

iO  or  l()i)0.    lie  ^viote 

..  Ls-niAN  Nations  ile- 
'lls  the  name  Tammi 

Initiividnals  anion!.'  tk 
ir  history.    Mr.  Huh- 

bs,  will  introduce  siuli 

pee  to  speak  of  the  de- 


l-loiiRih  portraits  of  lour  U 
|.^.uE^:m(l.  l>ut  tl.oy  wore  .n,; 

rl.  I  have  ever  soen.  llf 
.rill  by  12  in  breadth.    IM 

,ts  for  ou.  having  bill  four. 

,v'ho  puWished 'MnffwC'-'C 
idon,  IG'JS. 


Chap.  H.] 


TAMANY.— SJIIKELLIMUS. 


17 


partci 


il  lie  attributes  to"tlie  niisfortunes  which  have  befallen  some  of  tiio 
[nost  beloved  and  (!steciiied  personages  among  them,  since  tins  i;iiroi)ean8 
caiiie  among  them."  It  is  believed,  however,  that  it  had  a  more  remote  ori- 
ujii.  The  same  author  continues,  "All  we  know  of  Tanuned  is,  that  he  was 
In  uncicnt  Delaware  chief,  who  never  had  his  equal."  * 

It  is  said  that  when,  abou;.  177(!,  Colonel  George  Morgan,  of  Princeton,  New 
Jersey,  visited  the  wcst(!rn  In<lians  hy  direction  of eoiigiess,  the  Delawares  con- 
ferii'tl  on  him  the  name  of  Tainani/,  "  in  honor  and  remembrance  of  thvir 
aiieieiit  chief,  and  as  the  greatest  mark  of  irespeet  which  they  could  show  to 
tliiit  (rentleman,  who  they  said  had  the  same  address,  afiability  and  meekness 
as  their  honored  chief."  f 

"The  liime  of  this  great  man  extended  even  among  the  whites,  who  lahri- 
cated  numerous  legends  rcsi)ecting  him,  which  1  never  heard,  howtiver, 
from  the  mouth  of  an  Indian,  and  therefore  believe  to  be  fabulous.  In  the 
ri'voluiionary  war,  bis  enthusiastic  admirers  dubbed  him  a  saint,  and  lie  was 
p^tahlished  under  the  name  of  St.  Tammany,  the  patron  saint  of  America. 
His;  natiie  was  inserted  in  some  calendars,  and  his  Ibstival  celebrat(!d  on  the 
lirst  (lay  of  May  in  every  year.  On  that  day  a  nuiiKUous  society  of  his  vota- 
rii's  walked  together  in  jirocession  through  the  streets  of  IMiiladeliihia,  their 
hilts  decorated  with  bucks'  tails,  and  proceedeil  to  a  handsome  rural  place 
oat  of  town,  which  they  called  the  ivigwam  ;  where,  after  a  long  talk  or 
hidian  speech  hail  been  delivered,  and  the  calumet  of  jieace  and  friendship 
liiid  lircii  duly  smoked,  they  spent  the  day  in  festivity  and  mirth.  Alter  din- 
ner, huliaii  dances  were  jierlbrmed  on  the  green  in  Iront  of  the  wigwam,  the 
oahnuet  was  again  smoked,  and  the  comjiany  seiiarated." 

ll  was  not  till  some  years  after  the  peace  that  these  yearly  doings  were 
broken  up,  which  would  doubtless  have  lasted  longer  but  lor  the  misfortune 
of  the  owner  of  the  ground  where  they  were  held.  Since  that  time  Phila- 
Jeljiliia,  New  York,  and  perhaps  other  jilaces,  have  had  their  Tamany  socie- 
ties, Tamany  halls,  &-c.  &c.  In  their  meetings  these  societies  make  but 
an  odd  figure  in  imitating  the  Indian  manner  of  doing  business,  as  well  as  in 
appiopriating  their  names  upon  one  another. 

Among  the  multitude  of  poems  and  odes  to  Tamany,  the  following  ia 
selected  to  give  the  reader  an  idea  of  the  acts  said  to  have  been  achieved  by 

him:— 

"  Immortal  Tamany,  of  Indian  race, 
Grcal  in  llie  field  and  foremost  in  ihe  rhase  ! 
No  puny  sainl  was  he,  wilh  fasiinir  pale  ; 
He  climbed  the  moiinlain,  and  he  swept   ihc  vale, 
Rushed  Ihrougli  ihe  torrent  with  unequalled  might  j 
Your  ancient  saints  would  tremble  at  the  sight ; 
Caught  the  swill  boar  and  swifter  deer  wilh  ease, 
Ami  worked  a  thousand  miracles  like  these. 
To  public  views  he  added  private  ends, 
Ana  loved  his  country  most,  and  next  his  friends  ; 
Wilh  courage  long  he  strove  to  ward  the  blow  ; 
(Courage  we  all  respect  ev'n  in  a  foe  ;) 
And  when  each  etVort  he  in  vain  Imd  tried, 
Kindled  the  flame  in  which  he  bravely  died! 
To  Tninaiuj  let  the  full  horn  go  round  ; 
His  fame  let  every  honest  lonyue  resound  ; 
Wilh  him  let  every  gcn'rous  patriot  vie, 
To  live  in  freedom  or  with  honor  die."^ 

We  are  next  to  speak  of  a  chief,  concerning  whom  much  inquiry  has  been 
made  from  several  cmisiderations.     We  meiin 

Shikeltimiui,  the  lather  of  the  celebrated  Logan.  lie  was  a  Cayuga  sachem, 
iiiiil  styled  hy  Mr.  Loskiel,§  "lirst  magistrate  iind  head  chief  of  all  the  Iroipiois 
liidiaiis  living  on  the  banks  of  the  Susqtiehaiinah,  its  iiir  as  Onoiidago. 

lie  is  the  saint!  ollen  mentioned  by  Colden,\\  under  the  names  Shickmlamy. 
Hhicalamy,  and  Shick  Calamy,  and  occupies  a  [ihice  next  the  famous  Canassa- 

*  Some  will  (loublless  imagine  (liat  this  was  knowing  a  good  deal. 

i  Heckewelder,  iit  supra.  \  Carrii'.i  Museum,  v.  lOl.  6  Hist.  Missiorui,  ii.  119. 

II  Hist.  Five  Nations,  ii.  37,  G9,  75,  77,  85. 


i-,%r^ 


.1  ;S( 


ft 


W 


'■     •     '        if    ■         '-'.i' 


.    I 

T.*.l 


me.  ^'y:^ 


18 


CANASSATEGO. 


[Book  V. 


■  '.V 


tcgo.  His  residence  was  at  Conestoga  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  present  (it  a 
great  council  iield  in  Piiila(U;lj)iiia  in  1742,  with  !)1  other  chielis,  counsel loig 
and  warriors  of  the  Six  Nations,  to  consult  about  tlie  encroachments  of  .somo 
of  the  Delawarcs  upon  the  j)eople  of  Pennsylvania,  as  will  be  found  incntidiirrl 
in  th(!  history  of  Canassatego.  That  be  was  u  man  of  much  coiisecnicnc,. 
amon<rtbe  Five  Nations  will  appear  irom  the  fiict,  that  Canassatego  repf-atcd  n 
8j)e('ch  of  bis  to  tiovernor  Thomas,  when  tlie  assault  upon  H'Ulinm  If'djh 
was  inquired  into,  "  whereby  his  [the  said  /Fei//*]  jaw-bone  was  hroki',  uud 
his  life  jrreatly  endangered  by  an  unknown  Indian,"  This  took  pla(  i  uum. 
the  diHj)uted  lands  in  the  forks  of  the  Delaware.  "  Canassatego  repeatiiiirflie 
nicKsagf!  delivered  to  the  Six  Nations  by  Shickcalamy,  in  the  year  1740,  witli  u 
string  of  wampum,  said  in  answer :  '  The  Six  Nations  bad  made  (liliircnt 
incjuiry  into  the  atiiiir,  and  bad  found  out  the  Indian  who  had  connuittcdijie 
liict ;  be  lived  near  Asopus,  [/Esopus,]  and  bad  been  examijied  and  seven  ly 
repi'oved  ;  jind  they  hoped,  as  ffyiiam  Webb  was  recovered,  th(!  govi'inor 
would  not  expect  any  lurther  punisbnient,  and  therefore  tliey  returned  tiic 
string  of  wampum  received  from  their  brc»!n-en,  by  the  band  of  Sltickcalunui 
in  token  that  they  had  fully  complied  with  their  request.'  " 

When  Count  Zinztndorf,  foiuider  of  the  sect  called  Moravians,  visited  tliis 
country,  in  1742,  be  bad  an  interview  with  this  chief  at  Shaniokin.  Conrad 
ff'ciscr  was  present,  and  Shikellimits  inquired  with  great  anxiety  the  cause  of 
the  count's  visit.  IVeiser  tohl  bim  "that  he  was  a  messenger  of  the  liviii" 
God,  sent  to  ])reach  grace  and  mercy;"  to  which  be  answ  -ed,  "he  \vus  >'\a^ 
tliat  such  a  messenger  came  to  instruct  liis  nation." 

While  in  the  exercise  of  Ins  j)ious  labors,  Zinzendorf  very  narrowlv  rsoaiied 
assassination  ;  ami,  to  illustrate  the  Ibrce  of  superstition  upon  untutored  minds 
it  will  be  i)roi)er  to  relate  the  circumstance.  Having  arrived  on  tlie  iuinks 
of  the  W^yoming,  the  Indians  could  not  believe  that  be  had  conn!  solely  lor 
their  benefit,  but  bad  come  to  the  conclusion  that  his  real  object  was  the  uc- 
quisition  of  land  ;  and  they  therefore  resolved  to  put  bim  to  death.  On  »  coo! 
evening  in  September,  as  he  sat  alone  in  bis  tent,  u])on  a  bundle  of  weeds 
which  was  his  bed,  the  appointed  assassins  approached  his  frail  niansion. 
He  bad  a  small  fire,  and  was  writing  at  the  time ;  and  nothing  prevented  tlie 
easy  execiuion  of  their  commission.  A  blanket,  suspended  by  the  conien', 
formed  the  door  of  his  tent,  and  as  the  Indians  drew  this  a  little  aside,  tliey 
beheld  a  large  rattlesnake  which  the  fire  bad  driven  from  his  covert,  layiii" 
near  the  venerable  man,  but  was  not  seen  by  him  ;  being  too  dee[)ly  eiijraired 
in  his  sid)ject  to  notice  him  or  the  more  dangerous  Iiidians.  The  nitilp- 
snake  being  an  animal  they  feari^d  and  respected  as  a  kind  of  Manito,  imj 
seeing  it  in  company  with  the  stranger,  they  doubted  not  of  his  divine  origin 
also,  and  at  once  shrunk  from  their  object,  and  returned  to  report  what  tky 
had  seen  to  their  brethren  in  their  village.*  He  was  now  received  by  tlie 
Shawanese,  and  a  mission  was  begun  among  them. 

Shikellimus  was  a  great  friend  of  the  missionaries,  and  his  death  wis  a 
severe  loss  to  them.  He  died  at  bis  own  residence  in  Shaniokin,  in  I749. 
We  have  already  named  the  chief  projier  to  be  proceeded  with,  on  finishing 
cm-  accoiuit  (A'  Shikcll{imu<i, 

CANASSATEGO,  a  chief  of  the  Six  Nations,  was  of  the  tribe  of  Onondii-ro. 
In  1742,  there  arose  a  dispute  between  the  Delawares  and  the  goveniimiit 
of  Pennsylvania,  relative  to  a  tract  of  land  in  the  forks  of  the  Didaware.  The 
English  claimed  it  by  right  of  prior  purchase,  and  the  Delawares  persisteil  in 
their  claim,  and  threatened  to  use  force  tmless  it  sliould  be  given  up  Inthn 
whites.  This  tribe  of  the  Delawares  were  subject  to  the  Six  Nations,  mid 
the  governor  of  Pennsylvania  sent  depinies  to  them  to  tiotify  them  of  tlie 
troubh,',  that  they  might  interfere  and  prevent  war.  It  was  on  this  occasion 
that  Ca/ifl-wrt/eg-o  appeared  in  Philadelphia  with  230  warriors.  He  oltseivid 
to  the  governor,  "that  they  saw  the  Delawares  had  been  an  tnu'uly  i^'opic, 
and  were  altogether  in  the  wrong;  that  they  bad  concluded  to  remove  them, 
and  oblige  them  to  go  over  the  river  Delaware,  and  quit  all  claim  to  any 
lands  on  this  side  for  the  future,  since  they  had  received  pay  fbr  thcni,  and 

*  Chapman's  Hist.  Wyoming,  20  to  22. 


Chap.  II.] 

it  is  gone  tl 

by  llie  hair  < 

and  hecaine 

of  tlieir  anc 

signed  not  i 

(and  tJKMi  J) 

(addressing  I 

at  all?    We 

u'oinen ;  and 

llie  power  of 

is  gone  throu 

drink,  by  the 

as  you  are. 

us  iliat  you  hi 

of  a  pipe  siiai 

sent  !i  messen 

IIS,  nor  (lid  w 

very  different 

On  such  occa; 

united  nation.' 

tlieii'  lands. 

"This  is  th( 
uone  of  oin-  b 
matters;  your 
I'orall  these  re 
lo  think  about  it 
and  soon  alter 
Ohio.* 

U'lien  Canas 
talkf  about  tiie 
had  beaten  the 
be  the  case,  yo 
afford  to  give  ii 
was  served  roui 
Dr.  Franklin  i 
time  makes  tlie  I 
tomsofthe  Iiid| 
thi'iii  as  a  priiu'l 
Weistr,  our  intej 
lalized  among 
going  through 
the  council  at 
ai'i|iiaintaiice,  \\j 
iiiiii  some  boiled 
drink.    When 
to  converse  witl| 
had  seen  each 
^c.    Conrad  aul 
%',  tlie  Indian,! 
white  jieople,  mf 
at  Albaiu-,  and 
slio]»f<,  and  asseJ 
tli'T  do  there  ?  'I 
things.'    *  I  do  J 
to'd  nie  the  samf 
my  I'f'asoiis.    I 
Juiives,  powder, 


*  Colden  and  Got 
,  t  llie  inniiiles  off 
"le  (''oil.  Mass.  Ifisi 

{  t'olJeit's  Hist.  , 


mm 


CBiP-  n.] 


CANASSATEGO. 


19 


it  is  gone  through  their  guts  long  ago.  Tli(!y  deserved,  lio  siiid,  to  be  taken 
by  tlie  hiiir  oftlio  head,  and  shaken  sseverely,  till  they  reeovercMl  tiusir  s.iise.s, 
and  Itecuine  ^sol)er ;  that  he  had  scini  with  his  own  eyes  a  dctv.l  signed  Ity  nine 
ot'  their  ancestors,  above  fifty  years  ago,  lor  this  very  lan<l,  and  a  release 
si<mfd  not  many  years  since,  by  somk;  of  tiieniselves,  and  chiefs  yet  living, 
(ami  then  present,)  to  the  number  of  15  and  upwards;  but  how  canu;  jou 
(addressing  himself  to  the  Delawares  (tresent)  to  take  upon  you  to  sell  land 
at  all  F  W»!  concpiered  you;  w<!  made  women  of  you ;  you  know  yon  are 
women;  and  can  no  more  sell  land  than  women;  nor  is  it  fit  you  should  have 
the  power  of  selling  lands,  since  you  would  abuse  it.  This  land  you  claim 
is  p)iie  through  your  guts ;  you  have  been  furnished  with  clothes,  meat  and 
ilriiik,  by  the  goods  paid  you  lor  it,  and  now  you  want  it  again,  like  children 
as  you  are.  IJut  what  inak(;s  you  still  lands  in  the  dark  ?  Did  you  ever  tell 
us  ilmt  you  had  sold  this  land  ?  Did  we  ever  receive  any  i)art,  even  tlu;  value 
otainpe  shank,  from  you  for  it?  You  have  told  us  a  blind  story,  that  you 
sent  ii  messenger  to  us,  to  inform  us  of  tlx^  sale  ;  but  he  never  came  amongst 
us,  nor  (lid  we  ever  hear  anything  about  it.  Tliis  is  a(!ting  in  the  dark,  and 
very  difierent  from  the  conduct  our  Six  Nations  observe  in  the  sales  of  land. 
Oil  such  occasions  they  give  pid)lic  notice,  and  invite  all  the  Indians  of  tiieir 
united  nations,  and  give  them  all  a  share  of  the  piesents  they  receive  for 
tlieir  lands. 

"This  is  the  behavior  of  tlic  wise  united  nations.  But  we  find  y.)U  arc 
none  of  our  blood;  you  act  a  dishonest  part,  not  only  in  this,  but  in  other 
matters;  your  ears  are  ever  open  to  slanderous  reports  about  your  brethren, 
for  all  these  reasons,  wc  chara;e  ijou  to  remove  instantly  ;  we  donH  give  you  liberty 
tolhink  about  it.  You  are  women."  They  dared  not  disobey  this  command, 
aiid  soon  after  removed,  some  to  Wyoming  and  Shaniokin,  and  some  to  the 
Ohio.* 

When  Canassatego  was  at  Lancaster,  in  Pennsylvania,  in  1744,  holding  a 
talkf  about  their  affairs  with  the  governor,  he  was  informed  that  the  English 
had  beaten  the  French  in  some  important  battle.  "Well,"  said  he,  "if  that 
bi'tiie  case,  you  nuist  have  taken  a  great  deal  of  rum  from  them,  juid  can 
afford  to  give  us  some,  that  we  may  rejoice  with  you."  Accordinglj-,  a  gltss 
was  served  round  to  each,  which  they  called  a  French  i^lass.  X 

Dr.  Franklin  tells  us  a  very  interesting  story  of  Canassatego,  and  at  the  same 
time  makes  the  old  chief  tell  another.  In  spt-aking  of  the  manners  and  cus- 
toms of  the  Indians,  the  doctor  says,  "  The  same  hospitality,  esteemed  among 
them  as  a  princi|)al  virtue,  is  pra(;tised  l)y  ])rivate  ])ersons  ;  ol"  which  Conrad 
Wetstr,  our  inter|)reter,  gave  mo  the  following  instances.  He  had  been  natu- 
lahzed  among  the  Six  i\ations,  and  spoke  w>!ll  the  Mohawk  language.  In 
going  through  the  Indian  country,  to  carry  a  message  from  our  govenior  to 
tlie  council  at  Onondago,  he  called  at  the  habitation  of  Canfwsa/eg*o,  an  old 
ai'i|uaiiitance,  who  endmiced  him,  spread  furs  for  him  to  sit  on,  placcid  bifore 
him  some  boiled  beans,  and  venison,  and  mixed  some  rum  and  water  for  his 
drink.  When  he  was  well  refreshed,  and  had  lit  his  pipe,  Canassate!i;o  b.  gan 
to  converse  with  him;  asked  how  he  had  fared  the  many  years  since  they 
hiid  seen  each  other ;  whence  he  then  came  ;  what  occiisioned  the  journey, 
ki:.  Conrat/ answered  all  his  questions ;  and  when  the  discourse  began  to 
tiag,  the  Indian,  to  contiime  it,  said,  '  Conrad,  you  have  lived  long  among  the 
white  ])cople,  and  know  something  of  their  customs:  I  have  been  sometimes 
at  Albany,  and  have  observed,  that  once  in  seven  days  they  shut  up  their 
shops,  ai id  assemble  in  the  great  house  ;  tell  me  what  that  is  for;  whai  do 
they  do  there  .^'  'They  meet  there,' says  Coh/'cm/,  '  to  hear  tnid  learn  liood 
thinirs.'  '1  do  not  doubt,'  says  the  Lidian,  'that  they  tell  you  so;  they  have 
tohl  ine  the  same;  but  I  doubt  the  truth  of  what  they  say,  and  I  will  tell  you 
my  reasons.  I  went  lately  to  Albany,  to  sell  my  skins,  and  buy  blankets, 
kiiives,  powder,  rum,  &c.    You  know  I  used  generally  to  deal  with  Hans 

*  Coldeu  and  Gordon's  Histories. 

t  The  minutes  of  the  conference  taken  at  the  lime  by  Witliam  Marslie,  occupies  30  pages  in 
the  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  vii.  vol. 
{  Culden'n  Hist.  Five  Nations,  ii.  U2. 


,4  '-'HM 

■  .  ^^''    .'■*■■*' "is 


.'iffi 


m 


;■!    .1'' 


,        I" 


,  Ss  ; 

•  • ':' 

■i  ' 

m 

•., 

,  •  MS  -      •  >.- 
'        ■.'All 


90 


CANASSATEGO. 


[Book  V. 


Ilji  to  tllO  imM't.llj.r.       So  J   lIlOMJ^Ilt  to  IMJsclC 

)-(la3-,  I  may  as  well  jio  to  tlu;  liicotiu'"  lo,,' 
ill  l)lnck,  and  I'fwin  to 


Hanson;  but  I  was  a  littin  incliiind  this  time  to  try  sor;e  otlirr  Jiiorcliaut^ 
However,  I  ciiilcd  first  upon  //«;is,  and  njsk'.id  liiiii  wiial  ln^  vvoi.id  "Im- i/ii" 
beaver.  He  .said  he  could  not  give;  uioro  than  lo'u- .shiiiiii>;s  a  poiiMd  •  \,^^. 
says  lie,  I  cannot  talk  on  hiiijincss  now ;  this  is  the  day  wlicn  vc  nu  it  tdii'-tin.r 

to  learn  iruod  tl:iui';s,  and  I  am  f,'oin    '    *'  <-•■.. 

since  I  cannot  do  any  business  to- 

uud  1  went  with  him.  Then;  stood  up  a  man  m  oiacK,  aiici  I'fwm  to  mH- 
to  tiie  people  very  aiiffrily ;  I  did  not  luulerstaii'l  what  he  said,  Imt  ixiccivui.r 
that  he  looked  much  at  nic,  and  at  Hanson,  I  ima<:in(;d  tliat  lie  was  aip  iv  ;it 
seeinj;-  me  ihcrcs ;  so  I  went  out,  sat  down  n.ar  the  house,  struck  lire,  iii,(i  j^ 
my  pipe,  waiting-  till  the  metitiiif;  should  break  up.  1  thoujilit  too  tliat  liio 
man  had  mentioned  something.'  of  beaver,  and  suspected  it  nilfdit  In-  the  siil). 
ject  of  their  meetinj^.  Ko  when  they  came  out,  1  accostei'  my  inercliiint 
'Well,  Hans,''  says  1,  'I  hope  you  have  atrreed  to  frivc;  more  thaii  1.?,  .[ 
pound.'  '  No,'  says  he, '  I  cannot  jiive  so  much,  I  cannot  iiive  inoiv!  tlian  ilnci' 
shillings  and  sixpence.'  I  then  sjiokc  to  .several  other  dealer.s,  but  tiicy  all  sv.ui' 
the  same  song, — three  and  sirpince,  Ihree  and  si-rpencc.  'Vliis  mmU:  it  cl.'.iito 
me  that  my  sus|)icioii  was  right;  and  that  whatever  they  pretended  of jmct. 
ing  to  learn  good  things,t\ie  purpose  wa^'  to  consult  how  to  cheat  Indians  in  iIk, 

firicc  of  beaver.  Consider  but  a  little,  Conrad,  and  you  must  he  of  my  opinioiil 
f  they  met  so  ollcn  to  learn  good  things,  they  would  certainly  have  Ici.rnid 
some  belbru  this  time.  But  they  are  still  ignorant.  You  know  our  piacilii'. 
If  a  white  man,  in  travelling  through  our  couutrj',  enters  one  of  our  ciiliiiit; 
we  all  treat  liim  us  I  do  you;  we  dry  him  if  he  is  wet;  we  warm  him  if  he  \l 
cold,  and  give  hhn  meat  aiul  drink,  that  he  may  allay  his  thirst  aiul  hiiiijrip 
and  ^vc  spread  soil  furs  lor  him  to  rest  and  slecj)  on ;  we  demand  notiiiiii;  iil 
leiu.  ,1.  JJut  ii'I  go  into  a  white  man's  house  at  Albany,  and  ask  tor  victnal.s  und 
drink,  they  say,  (jet  out,  you  Indian  dog.  You  see  they  have  not  yet  IciiriiLd 
those  little  good  things  that  we  need  no  meetings  to  be  instructed  in,  l)ccaii.<e 
our  mothers  taught  them  to  us  when  we  were  children;  and  therefore  it  is 
mii)ossible  their  meetings  should  be,  as  *hey  say,  for  any  such  ])urposc,  w  Imve 
any  such  effect:  they  are  oidy  to  contrive  the  cheating  of  Indians  in  the  ])iice 
of  beaver.' "  * 

The  missionary  Frederic  Post,  in  liis  journal  of  an  embassy  to  the  Lidians 
on  the  Ohio,  in  1758,  mentions  a  son  of  Canassatego,  whom  he  calls  Hum 
Jacob. 

We  are  not  to  look  into  the  history  of  Pennsylvania  for  a  succession  of 
Indian  war.s,  although  there  have  been  some  horritl  murders  and  eiionnitios 
committed  among  the  whites  and  Indians.  For  about  70  years,  their  liistoiic 
page  is  very  clear  of  such  records,  namely,  from  1082,  the  arrival  of  AVilliani 
Penn,  until  the  French  war  of  1755. 

And  we  will  here  record  the  proceedings  of  William  Penn,  on  his  taking 
possession  of  his  lands  upon  the  Delaware,  so  far  as  they  are  connected  witli 
our  Indian  history. 

Humanity  being  a  prominent  feature  in  every  Quaker  who  lives  up  to  liis 
profession,  we  are  to  expect  a  display  of  it  in  that  of  Penn  ;  and  hajjiiily  we 
do  not  find  ourselves  di.sapi)oiiited.  The  Ibrcc  of  his  examjile  was  sucl,,tliat, 
for  many  years,  his  Ibllowers  practised  the  art  of  peacemaking  ;  and  liciicc  no 
wars  occurred,  as  we  have  already  observed ;  but  as  the  enlightened  iiiiinl 
of  Penn  carried  his  acts  more  than  one  hundred  and  filly  years  in  advance 
of  his  contemporaries,  they  acting  without  tlit  true  principle  which  governed 
Lim,  soon  forgot  its  itnportancc,  and  pursued  a  difterent  course,  which  bionglit 
the  evils  of  war  and  dissolution. 

William  Penn  had  confirmed  to  him  the  coimtry  since  bearing  his  name, 
by  a  royal  charter,  and  having  sent  over  a  small  colony  to  taki;  ])(lsse^^i()n 
of  it  in  1()81,  Ibllowcd  himself  the  next  year.  His  first  care  on  his  aniv;il  was 
to  establish  a  lasting  iriendship  witii  the  Indians.  This  he  efiictcd  liv  the 
greatest  possible  care  in  rendering  them  strict  justice  and  great  kiiulncs.-.  i;ml 
above  all  by  purchasing  the  country  of  them,  and  paying  them  to  tlieii  cdn- 

*  The  editors  r ''  tl)e  valuable  Encyclopedia  PerUicnsis  have  liiouglil  this  anecdote  wnriliy  a 
place  ill  that  \\ofi.,  (I!  G52.) 


Chap.  IL] 

tent  for  it.  i 
to  excliai'ge 
tlieir  langi.'i 

TIk!  first 
niadP  ill  I'e( 
Clicstmit  Sti 
ot'Kciisingtc 
liim;  155  ye,- 
now  iiKirks  t 
Ptnn,  was  cji 
lant,  which  r 
ive  liavo  ma 
usitcd  by  tin 
(ii  rcd-renc 
.,'iicre.s,  VolL 
inaiic  witlioui 
An  iuhniral 
sketched  upo; 
liowcver,  in  j 
prohahly  froi 
kiidiiome  hoi 
an  Indian  trea 
treaty  ground, 
it  i   tio  woi 
ately,  for  it  wa 
ivlio  purposely 
tiieSix  Nation 
the  following  i 
"When  oiu" 
giisqueliannah 
suppose,  had  i; 
not  to  sell  liim 
to  lie  our  frieiu 
sons,  imposing 
wanted  it,  to  pi 
use,  and  never 
any  of  it,  hut  at 
into  lii.s  hands, 
time  after  lie  w 
il  to  oisr  brothe 
ot'our  brother 
solii  the  Siis(pi( 
lie  had  bought 
stand  liow  the 
IIS  tor  our  lands 
There  were 
ilieir  coiiiicctioi 

GLiKMn<:Ar 

lor  and  speaker 
'lint  lie  had  dis 


'  His  own  letter, 
^alialiilantf,  &c.  &. 
t  Holmes's  Ann 
lini  283  years  old. 
«^il)  I'rag-menls  of  i, 
,  t  I  was  lalelyiiii: 

■nilie  primed  acooi 

"liicii  lie  had  lalel\ 

romisylvania. 
j  C'est  le  seul  tr 

point  ei(.  rompu 

I  An  Ennuiry  im 

II  Loskiel 


( 


CHAP'  n.i 


PENN'S  TREATY.— GMKFIIKAN. 


SI 


his  anecdote  wwriliv  a 


tent  for  it.  Pcnn  landrd  at  wlidt  is  now  Xcwrastlc,  '21  <  )cti»|)ci-,  and  soon  Itcf^an 
10  cxcliai'tft!  <ro(i(l.s  fin-  lands  witli  tin-  Indians.  IJy  tliis  intcrconrst!  lie  Icariifd 
ilioir  lani,'i. •!;;(•,*  and  tlins  (|uaii(i('d  liiinsdftd  render  tlxMn  jnstico  in  all  cases. 

Tiic!  first  Ihrtnod  treuty  entered  into  between  J'tnn  and  tlie  Indians  wa.s 
niiulo  ill  J'«^t"'  KiB'2,  and  took  |)laee  almost  two  miles  above  wiiat  is  now 
Clu'Stiint  Street,  on  the  same  side  of  tlit!  J)elawar(!,  in  the  prtssent  townsiiip 
(,fK<'iisiiif(ton,  I'iider  iIk!  wid(!-s|)r<'adinif  ltran<"h(!S  ofan  elm-tree,  ajred  at  that 
ijiiio  1').')  ycani,  as  sinct;  aseertained.f  A  small  enltieal  marble  monument 
now  marks  the  spot,  whieli,  with  tin;  adjacent  neij^hborhood,  in  tin;  days  of 
pfim,  was  railed  Slutkamaroii.  A  street  perpetuates  this  name,  not  far  dis- 
tant, which  runs  at  rijrht  anf,d(!s  i  the  rivi'r.  The  little  moiniment  ol'  which 
,vi'  have  mach;  mention,  was  almost  iiivisible  Irom  jiiles  of  rubbish,  when 
iisitcd  by  the  writer  in  April,  18;{1.| 

111  reli-renco  to  Pcnn's  Treaty,  so  oflen  the  subject  of  prose  in  both  licmi- 
.,li(rtH,  Voltaire  has  in  his  peculiar  vein  observed,  that  it  was  tlu;  oidy  one 
„iai|('  without  an  oath,  and  the;  only  one  wliir-h  ha  !  not  becMi  broIien.§ 

All  iidinirable  paintinjf  of  tliis  treatj',  by  Sir  livnjnmrn  IVvnl,  has  often  boon 
,|(i.|clied  upon  cojiper, and  improssions  chTiilated  in  various  works;  there  is, 
liowcver,  in  all  of  them,  a  very  <:larinjr  wimt  of  taste  or  jud^jiiient,  arisin<f 
proimhly  from  a  false  notion  oV  the  painter,  which  is  tlio  apjiearance  of 
liiiiiil^oine  houses  in  the  l)ack-f,'roinid.  There  is  one  of  the  best  .sketches  of 
an  Imlian  treaty  painted  upon  the  sign  ofan  inn  in  Beach  Street,  near  the  old 
treaty  f,TOund,  whic'i  I  have  seen. 

It  r  no  wonder  the  Indians  reincml)ercd  Pe?m  ao  long,  and  so  affection- 
ately, ibr  it  was  not  uncommon  for  him  to  perform  the  engagements  of  other.s, 
who  i)urposely  set  out  upon  wronging  them.  In  a  speech  which  a  chief  of 
tiic  Six  Nations  made  at  «  conference,  at  Lancaster,  in  June,  1744,  he  gives 
the  following  narrative  of  one  of  Pe?m's  generous  acts  in  thesi;  words: — 

"When  our  brother  0?ias,  a  great  while  ago,  came  to  Albany  to  buy  tlio 
gusqiieliannah  lands  of  us,  oin-  brother  the  governor  of  N.  York,  who,  as  wo 
suppose,  had  not  a  good  understanding  witli  our  l)rother  Onas,  advised  us 
not  to  sell  him  any  la;  '.  fo.-  he  would  make  a  bad  use  of  it,  and  pretending 
to  1)6  our  friend,  he  advised  u.s,  in  order  to  prevent  Onus's,  or  any  oth(!r  per- 
sons, imposing  on  us,  and  that  we  might  always  have  our  land  when  we 
ivmited  it,  to  ])ut  it  into  his  bands  ;  and  he  told  us  he  woidd  keep  it  for  our 
use,  and  never  open  liis  hand.s,  l)iit  keep  them  close  shut,  and  not  part  with 
ail)  of  it,  but  at  our  request.  Accordingly  we  tru.sted  him,  and  put  oin-  lands 
into  lii.s  hands,  and  charged  hijii  to  keep  them  safe  for  our  us(!.  But  some 
time  after  he  went  to  England,  and  carrieul  our  land  with  him,  and  then;  sold 
it  to  our  brother  Onas  for  a  large  sum  of  money.  And  when  at  the  instance 
ot'niir  hrotlier  Onas  we  were  minded  to  sell  him  some  lands,  la;  told  us  w(!  had 
solii  the  Sus(piehanuah  lands  already  to  the  governor  of  N.  York,  and  that 
he  had  bought  them  from  him  in  England ;  though  when  he  came  tp  under- 
stand how  the  governor  of"  N.  York  had  deceived  us,  he  very  generously  paid 
us  tor  our  lands  over  again."|| 

Tiiere  were  several  chiefs  very  noted  about  this  period,  on  account  of 
their  connection  with  the  Moravian  Brethren.     Among  the  most  noted  was 

GLnvHnCAN,1[  or  Glikhickan,**  "an  eminent  captain  and  warrior,  counsel- 
loraiid  speaker  of  the  Delaware  chief  [Pakanki']  in  Kaskaskunk."  It  is  said 
tiiat  he  had  disputed  with  tlie  French  Catholic  priests  in  Canada,  and  coii- 

*  Ills  own  letter,  dated  llio  year  ('ollowiii<v,  ffivhig  an  accoiiut  of  tlio  country,  its  products, 
iiiiabilants,  &,c.  &,c.  dated  IG  Aiijrust,  KJS.'J,  and  printed  in  lllome's  America,  U(i. 

t  Holmes's  Annals,  i.  105.  The  old  elm  was  l)lowii  down  by  a  tempest  in  IfilO,  and  was 
ihcii  283  years  old.  11/.  Pieces  of  its  stump  arc  preserved  in  the  cabinets  of  the  curious,  along 
Willi  I'ragmeiils  of  iho  Plymouth  Rock,  &c. 

1  I  was  lately  informed  bv  .^Ir.  XJw/w/fceaKof  Philadelphia,  that  some  importaui  errors  existed 
:n the  printed  accounts  of  Penii's  Trentij,  and  ho  showed  mo  some  manuscripts  concerning'  it 
wlikli  lie  had  lately  discovered,  and  was  preparing  lo  have  them  printed  in  the  Hist.  Colls,  of 
Pennsylvania. 

«  C'cst  le  seul  traite  entre  ces  peuples  et  les  Chretiens  qui  n'ait  point  6te  jure  ct  qui  n'ait 
point  etc  rompu.     fEiivres,  vol.  Iiv.  'H5,  ed.  of  17o.5,  in  91  vols.  12mo. 

|i  All  Eiifiuiry  into  the  Causes,  &c.  of  the  Alienation  of  the  .Shawanese  and  Deiawarcs,  31. 

H  Loskiei  **  Heckewelder. 


■.      ,1- 


■:t-:i 


■  ■■'•''  '^  wi 

■''"  i'  ;lt/^J 
v  i    '"V  SKI 


it3  (ii.iKniKAN.-ms  si'r.Kcii  ro  h.m.f.kincs.  p,,,,,^  ^ 

iiiiiii<|i'(!    tlinii,   mill    iimv  (I7fi!>)   iindr    liis   ii|ij)riii-aiiiT   tiiunii;^'    |||c    luit,! 
IJrcllircii  lor  ilic  |iiir|iiisi' ol"  acliii'viiiic  i"  lil<''  viclnry;  luit  as  ijic  llrrilii,,,''' 
ncciiiiiil  lias  il,  his  licari  liiilnl  him,  ami  hr  hccamc  a  r«iinl,  i  in  lliiii(|(„.|ii||,,j' 
111  1770,  he  (jiiitli'il    vaskaskimk,  In  iiv<'  with  llir  llirliin'ii,  ;;n'all\  a;;jiiiisi  t| 
iniiiils  (iChiM  liirmls  and  his  chicr     'I'liis  (ircasiom-i!  ^rcal  IrnuMc,  and  sum 
ciidcavoi-cd  to  lake  his  lili-.      I'iilti(iii{v''.i  s|tri'ch  to  him  ii|ioii  ihi'  (iccasiipn  will 
\h'  si  Til  wlii'ii  we  ni'iic  lo  tlw  accdiiiil  of  Ihal  ciru-l".      At  liii-  limi-  of  his  ||,.|, 
tisiii,  iUilihil«<n  rt'ccivrd  llu'  iiamt!  o\'  h(uu\  ' 

'rill'  jiciiiiil  oriiir  rcMihiliniiarv  war  was  a  tlistrrssin;.'  linii'  rnrlhc  Ihcilina 
and  llidsc    Indians  who   had  adhri-cd    to  thrir  raiisr.      War  partiis  rrdm  |{ 
liostili-  trilu's  wcrii  (•ontimialiy  passiiii;  and   rc|tassiiiir  thrir  sriiirnu'iiN,  ,11111 
olli-ii  ill   the  most.  siis|»ii-ioiis  niannrr.      It    was  to  tiic  liimoiis  chicl"  (i''i7,/,,'(„  , 
that  lliry  owrd  tlicir  iirrscrvatioii  on   more  than  oiu'  occasion.     'I'lic  liKJijin^ 


illili    iii<    >    ,rtti   11      iin    II     |Fii   ,-^11  ttiii«rii    I'll      iMi'ii      1111(11   1*111      1P1   1  ii.'iiifii,  I  )||>    lai    I'll 

ahont  the  lakes  sent  de|uiti'  s  to  draw  tlit^  Delawares  into  the  war  a;.'aiiisi  ||, 
Americans,  lint  they  were  not  received  hy  them.  Shortly  alter,  in  tlic  \|.; 
1777,  ■.'()()  Huron  warriors,  with  lldlj-kliii!;  at  tlieir  head,  a|>|iroacli(  d  llir  \|i 

■><i«'i*iii     ^'jitt  l.tiiwiiil      ,iC     I     i.il.l  ..iKiii       ill      til. Ill*    toil'     1,1      iittiiiii-       fiiK    ij.kftl 


„..  evil  reports  which   an  evil  wind   may  have  conveyed   into  yonr  e,iis  (ind 

even  into  your  hearts  on  tlio  jorrney,  that  onr  words  may  (ind  entrance  into 

yonr  ears  and  a  jilace   in  yonr  hearts.     [Ilcir.  ti  alrliii;;  of  iriiiii/iuni  wan  nn- 

sotted  1)1/  litikliikdn.]     Uncle!  hear  tlu'  words  of  the  helieviiii;  Indians,  \(iiir 

oonsins,  at  l.ichtenaii  and  (inadeiilmetteii.     We  wonid   have  yon  kiiou,  ih.it 

Ave  have  iiceived  and  helievcd  in  the  word  of  (lod  lor  !U)  years  and  ii|i\v;ii(l-. 

and  meet  daily  to  hear  it,  morniiifj  and  eveniiifj.     You  must  a!;o  know,  '.hiit 

w'v  have  onr  teachers  dwellinji  amonjrst  lis,  who  iiistriiet  iisa;id  our  cliililicii, 

llv  this  word  of  (Jod,  preached  to  lis  l»v  our  teachers,  we  are  tai-iriit  to  ktci) 
...'. :.i.  ..11  ...1    ♦,.  :.!....  .1.' I'..: 1...    c...  >i <   ...1   1..  ' 


.._,      ..    ..■     ...-.,.     ...       «.....,     ............     ...     ,.,,     ,,_,      .....      .,,...,,.,,      ....    J..,,     ,,,     n,  I   |, 

teace  with  all  men,  and  to  consider  them  as  friends;  for  thus  dod  has '(iin. 
inandeil  us,  and  therelbre  we  are  lovers  of  peace.     'I'liest^  our  trea'  licis  :  ,1; 
not  only  our  friends,  hut  we  consider  and  love  them  as  onr  own  ll"sli  aiKJ 
N«)w  as  w«'  are  yonr  cousin,  we  most  earnestly  he<j  of  voii, 


blood. 


iiitmii.       i^%i\v    iin    \\r-    nn'     y\nn     cvmimii,   »>t:    iiiiii^i    ^-iiiiu-niiv    i""^    »'i     n^mi,  llllclr, 

that  you  also  would  eonsidei   tlieiii  as  your  own  body,  and  as  your  ciiiisiii. 
AVe  and  Jhey  make  but  one  body,  and  theretbrt;  cannot  i.*;  scparatcii,  [imi 
whatever  you  do  unto  them,  you  do  unto  us,  whether  it  be  good  or  cvji." 
'J'heii  stjveral  fatiioms  of  wam|ium  were  delivered,     llidf-khiix  received  *' ' 
.speech  witii  attention,  and  said  it  had  |)enetrat('d  his  heart,  and  after  In 
consulted  with  his  captains,  he  spoke  as  follows  in  answer: — "("oiisii 


received  liiis 
liad 


«.-onsinie(i  Willi  nis  eapiaiiis,  ne  spoKO  as  loiiows  111  answer: — "^oiisiiis:  1 
am  very  jrlad  and  leel  i'reat  satisljiclion  that  you  liav(>  diansi'd  my  eyes, cars 
and  heart  from  all  evil,  conveyed  into  lue  by  the  wind  on  tliis  journey,  hiiii 
upon  an  expedition  of  an  unusual  kind;  for  f  am  a  warrior  and  am  <,'iiiiiL'  to 
war,  and  liierefore  many  v\\\  things  and  evil  thoiifihts  enter  into  my  IicmI, 
and  even  into  my  heart.  l{iit  thanks  to  my  cousin,  iiiy  eyes  are  now  I'lcir, 
so  that  I  can  beliold  my  cousin  with  a  seri'iie  countenance.  I  rcjoici ,  that  i 
can  hear  my  cousins  with  o|)eu  ears,  and  take  their  words  to  heart."  lie  ihtu 
delivered  a  striiij.'  of  wampum,  aiul  atler  repeatin.<r  the  |)ari  of  (lUkhikans 
speech  relating  to  the  missionaries,  proceeded  : "  (Jo  on  as  hitherto,  and  siitf.i'iin 
mw  to  moles!  you.  Obey  your  teachers,  who  speak  nothing  but  good  iiiito 
j'on,  and  instruct  you  in  the  ways  of  Cod,  and  he  not  afraid  tlia.  any  Imnii 
fliall  be  done  unto  them.  No  creature  shall  hurt  them.  Attend  to  yuur 
worshi|),  and  never  mind  other  afiairs.  Jndeed,  yon  sec^  us  going  to  war; 
but  you  may  remain  easy  and  cpiiet,  and  need  not  tliiiik  much  aiiout  it,  &  ' 
This  was  rather  odd  talk  for  a  suvage  warrior,  tmd  verily  it  seetns  more  like 


I 


I.  innoK  V. 

Kiii;^    tin-   riiilcd 

lis  llii-  lirclliit'irn 
Id  (lii'ir  (Ic'fliiiu'S, 
uTi'iilly  !ij;;iiii>i  iln- 
Iroiiliif,  1111(1  siuiii) 
tlu^  ()ffii>i()ii  will 
(•  liiiii'  <>t"  Ills  liii|(. 

ic  lor  llic  llit'lliiiii 
•  imrt'ii's  rnuii  ihi. 

ir  SCllll'lllI'llN,  Mini 

us  cliii't'  ii'ikliikiiii 

liiiii.   'rill'  iiiiiiiiiiM 

lie  war  ii;;iiiii^l  ilic 
v  nriiT,  in  'li''  Nfiir 
i)|ir(mrlu(l  tlir  ,Mii- 
(•  sflllfiiii'iils  ii|i(iii 
rclliri'ii ;  Imi  n  sulv- 
tlicm,  iiihI  sent  nut 

Vlllidll   ul' tllllM'  SClll 

iittii  iil'tcr  WMS  "M  111 
,.  Ihirous."  (i7i7,/ii- 
i.r  is  ills  spri'di  to 
iratitm  »1"  Ix'lit'vini; 
,s  oiiportiiuily  tn  sio 
1  (lust,  -iiitl  wlmtrvcr 
.(•  yuin*  cousin  with 
oars  iiikI  lifiirts  iVom 
1  into  yt»ii'  ''"'•s  iiiiil 
lay  tiiiti  riilnuu'c  into 
()/■  wampum  was  jm- 
.li»'viu;j;  liitlians,  \oiir 
I  liavc  you  kiitiw,  lliiit 
lO  years  iiiul  iiliwiinl>, 
nmsl  ii!-;o  Uiiow,  '.iiiit 
t  us  ii'.ul  oiir  cliiltlrrii. 
v,.  arc  tai'Silit  111  lo'i'P 
„•  thus  (.ovl  !iiis"iiiu- 

(isc  o>»'  ''"''"'  '"''■'^  ' '" 
as  our  own  Il"'sli  mi'l 

tlv  l»»'>i"  •''"  ^""' '""'!'' 
\;  'ami  as  voiu-  fuiiMii. 
ii'ot  ...^  si'ltaratnl.  ;iml 
,•  it  1x1  ^'ood  or  fVil. 
h,ll-li!ntc  n'cfiv.'.l  this 
lu'art,  and  alt.-r  lir  lai 

swcr:— "^"""^"'^'    I 
,  Iraiisi'tl  luy  t'yt'K,  fills 

Ion  tliis  iounuw-    1'"" 

Lrrior  ami  am  }!""';■'  '" 

Its  riitiT  into  my  ln'i'il, 

,V  ,.yi>s  an-  now  .'I'lir, 

Klst^lu-ari."  n;-tl'''" 
L.  nari  of  CMIuknus 
Ll,itl..>vto,aii.lsnfl.rno 

lo\U\u-  l.iitK'"">™'" 
,1  alrai.l  tliu,  any  luirm 
hem.     Att.'iid  to  yc.m 
so,",  us  froinii  to  war; 
h.k  niucli  al'ont  it,  \ 
rilv  it  seeiuB  more  UKe 


Cinr.  Fl.|    <il.IK!IIKAN— TUOIIHI.KS  (»i'  TIIK  MIHSIONAKIKS. 


93 


llint  ofontMirtlm  I'luropcan  Hn'tlin^n,  luit  tin- vi'iwily  of  ArfMiliV/ will  not  h 


niicslioii('( 


S) 


NIC  liiin'  nllcr  this,  a  rirciimslaiirc  orciincd  wliicji  liui'W  (Uildiil,- 


iin  into 


iiiiirh  troiihli'  and  daii^'cr.     A  liaiMJ  of  Huron   nmu   iors  sii/i'd  u|ioii  the  luis- 


HIIIIIM 


111 


rii-s  at  Salriii  and   (•nadinlinrttcii,  and   roiilinrd    thrm,  and   did 


iniiih 


iscliii'l".  Mtiluui  Jiiii's,  Iftiviil  Zi'inliirfr<r  and  Jiiliii  Hicki mlihr  wcru  lIn- 
jtiriiircn  foiiliiird  at  this  linic.  riii'  sava^'cs  ncM  |)illa^'i'i|  Srhotuiinimi, 
fniia  wlirnci'   tin  /    cd  cniilivo  ihr   missionary  Jiiiiiiiinni   and   will-,  and   lli^- 

id,  sin^'in;;  the   di'alh-soiii;,  ai  •  ivrd   \silh 


Histr 


rs   '/tfisbirifir  and  Sium 


man 


llii'iii  -It   (."nadridii'i'ltfii,  wlii'ic   were  llir   rest  of  ijic   |irisoni'rs.     This   wa 
S|il('mhi'r  I,  I7HI.      It  a|)|)oars  that  tho  i'anions  <'a|ilaiii  I'i/n  wasanioii^r  Ihrsi 

wiiiri" 
wiiiriors,  wa 

ni: 


IS,  Irom  wlinl  rollows.     A  yoiin;.'  Indian  woman,  who  accoiii|iani('d  tl 
s  iiiiicli  moved  liytlic  hard  tnatnirnt  ol'thc  lirrtiinn,  and  in  tlic 


;ht  "loimd  means  to  jrel  ('apt.  I'l/w's  hest  horse,  an<t  roile  oil"  lidl  speed  to 

I'iiisliiiifih,  wiiere  she  f;avu  an  ai nut  of  the  situation   ol   the   missionaries 

niid  their  eou^n-e;,nilions."  This  woman  was  related  to  (lllldiikiiii ;  on  him, 
lliriclitre,  they  determined  to  vent  tiieir  wrath,  A  parly  of  wiirriors  seized 
hiiii  ill  Salem,  and  lirou;>:hl  him  hound  to  (iiiadenhitelten,  sin<rin<r  tiie  di^atli- 
siiiiir.  When  he  was  hrou^dit  into  the  preseiK't;  of  the  warrifirs,  ;freat  eomiiio- 
timi  (ollowed,  and   many  were  elam  oil;' that  he  should   heat   onee  eiit    to 

pi 's;  es|iecially  the  Delaware's,  who  could  not  for;zel  his  havin;;'  reiioimced 

Ills  nation  and  maniiei'  of  liviiiif;  here,  however,  //(((/'-/ri'/iic  inlerli-red,  and 
jii'i'Vi'iiti'd  his  heiniif  killed.  'I'hey  now  held  an  ini|nisitorial  examination 
ii|iiin  liini,  which  ti'rminated  in  a  proof  of  his  innocence,  and,  after  ^rivini; 
villi  to  their  spleen  in  loading  him  with  the  worst  of  epithets  and  much  op- 
|iriihi'ioiis  lan<;uai>:e,  set  him  at  liherty. 

The  missionaries  and  their  con;,Meiia!ious  were  soon  at  lihcrly,  hut  wcrt* 
iililiiri  ;l  to  emigrate,  as  they  could  have  no  rest  upon  the  Piiiiskin^um  any 
|iiiii:i'r;  war  parties  coinimially  hovering  tdtoiit  them,  rohhiii;;  and  tronhliiii; 
llii'iii  ill  varioin<  ways.  They  went  ihroiijrli  the  wilderness  1*2.")  miles,  and 
siHlid  at  Sandiisky,  ieaviiifr  their  heaiilifid  cornfields  just  ready  to  harv(\st. 
Tlnir  losses  and  privations  were  immense.  Ahove  tiOO  catlle  and  UM)  lio^'s, 
iiiiii'h  corn  in  store,  heside  .'}()()  acres  just  ripenin^r,  were  amoiiff  the  spoils. 
"A  troop  of  savajjes '■ommaiided   hy  l'liif;lish  olhcers  escorted  them,  eiicloH- 


iirtiiciii  at  the  distance  of  some  miles  on  all  sidi 


They  arrived  at  tlii'ir 


|i|iin'  of  destination  Octoher  II,  anil  here  were  left  hy  I ltilj'-kin<!;  and  iiis 
wairiiirs  without  any  instructions  or  orders. 

Many  helieviiijLr  Indians  had  returne.l  to  (Jnadenhiietten  and  the  adjacent 
pl'iccs  ill  I7H'2.  Mere,  on  Htli  Man  ii  of  this  year,  happened  the  most  dreadful 
iiiiissacre,  and  Cdikliikiin  was  aiiion<;  the  victims.  Ninety-six  persons  were 
.«i'al|M'il  and  tiieii  cut  to  pieces.  Hesidcs  women,  thori!  were,  IM  children 
imirdi'ivd  in  cold  hlorxl.*     This  was  done  hy  white  inei.  ! 

or  this  horrid  and  diaholical  murder  it  hehoves  us  to  jjive  the  facts  nioro 
iiiili'tnil.  The  month  of  Tehruary  of  tlii-  year  17H'>,  jiavin;i  heiMi  very  favor- 
alilc  to  war  jiarties,  it  was  improved  hy  some  Sandusky  warriors,  and  some 
iiiiirdcrs  were  committi'd  in  an  ntilooked  for  moment  upon  the  frontiers  of  the 
wliitcs.  The  liimily  of  a  IVilUitm  fVallrm;  consistiiif^  of  his  witii  and  live  or 
sivchiiiireii,  were  killed,  and  one  Johti  Carpe.ntvr]  waslaken  prisoner.  These 
piirly  inovenieiits  of  the  Indians  led  the  whites  to  conclude  that  they  were 
cithiT  iliUK^  hy  the  IMoravians  at  iMii:  kiiiifiim,  or  that  the  warriors  that  coni- 
iiiiiiid  the  murders  were  ipiartered  amoni,'  them.};  Therefore,  without  further 
iiili'rnialioii,  a  hand  of  uhoiit  HO  or  IK)  men  suddenly  colhicted  njioii  the  fron- 
tiir  of  I'ciinsylvaiiia,  and  each  man  having?  jirovidcd  himself  with  his  own 
arms,  ainmunition  .•ind  provisions,  mostly  inoniited  upon  horses,  set  out  under 
mil'  Colonel  David  fVillinmson  for  the  d(!VOted  conj^rcf^atioii  at  (iiiadenhurtten. 
Tlicv  iriide/voiised  and  encamped  the  first  iiiyht  on  the  Mingo  Bottom,  on 
tliL'  west  side  of  the  Oliio  Iliver.§ 

*  I  liavo  hoen  pnrlionlar  in  notioin^tliis  afTair,  as  it  is  not  found  iu  such  extensively  circu- 
lalcd  wdiks  iis  tiic  Ann'iirdii  Amiala. 
\  lie  iil'toiwaiils  made  his  escape  at  ffreat  peril. 
i  Uuddiidge's  Notes  on  the  Indian  Wars,  'MS,  249.  §  Ibid. 


i     i'  /  ^1 
,    1  ii 


r 


.'I: 


'^'i'- 


' '  '■'■'  ■■'»■  li'i'-l 


■■■nil 


24 


MASHACUK  AT  (iNADF.MH  I'/rTKN. 


[Hook  V 


Mriiiiwliilo  Colonel  (lilmon,  at  l'iltslMir;;Ii,  iiiKlcrstimtliiijj  tin*  oliicci  ,,\'  i|„ 
rrrw  who  luiil  j;oiic  lorlli  iiiidcr  HHIldmsiin,  (li'S|mtcli(il  iiicssni^irs  to  (ilMitn 
fill-  ('liiistiaii  liiiliiins,  hut  thty  iiiiiv<(l  loo  lair.  However,  the\  n'criM,| 
timely  notice  iVom  iinolher  (|iiarler,  hiil  their  ti-iisliii;;  to  their  innociiii',.  jf, 
proteet  them,  did  in  this  ease  |>rove  a  littal  error:  a  \\hii((  man,  u ho  ||,„j 
narrowly  eseaped  lioni  Ih  ands  of  .some  warriors,  warned  them  with  m,,,, 
oiirnestness  to  tly  for  tlie.  "H.  'riiese  warriors,  who  had  "  nnirdered  |,,,,| 
impaled  a  woman  and  a  >  not  liu'  from   the  Ohio,  ariived  soon  al'tei'  „( 

(I'nadeidmetten,"  where  tlie_,  icssi d  their  well-;.'roimded  fears  to  liieClni^. 

tians,  that  a  party  of  white  people,  who  were  pnrsnin<;  lia-m,  woidd  Min.l\ 
kill  tlieni  all.*     All  these  wariiinv's  wen;  not  enonfj;h  to  Hliake  their  fait] 


III 


le  pr< 
'"Im- 


second  day's  march  of  the  hand  of  murderers,  hroii^ht  them  wjiliin 
one  mile  of  the  middle  iMoraviaii  town,  where  they  a),'ain  encani|ied  for  ii,,, 
nifiht.  'This  was  on  the  (ith  day  of  Alarch.  'I'lie  ne\t  moniin;;  the  |i,iit\ 
was  divided  into  three  ecpial  divisions,  "one  of  whicii  was  to  cross  the  livi'r 
nhoiit  a  mile  ahove  the  town  ;  their  vidcttes  having' reported  tiiat  tiiere  \vin 
Indians  on  lioth  sides  of  the  river.  The  other  party  was  divideil  into  ilnci' 
divisions,  one  of  which  was  to  tak(^  a  circuit  in  the  woods,  and  reach  ihe  r\\,f 
a  little  distance  helow  tin;  town,  on  the  wi^st  side.  Another  division  wus  in 
tidi  into  the  middle  of  the  town,  and  lli)>  third  upon  its  upper  end.  Ulim 
the  parly  desi^med  to  make  the  attack  on  the  west  side,  had  reached  the  ri\ir 
they  found  no  hoats  to  take  them  o\er;  hnt  sometiiin<;  like  a  canoe  was  srin 
on  the  opposite  hank.  'I'lu'  river  was  lii^h,  with  some  lioatinj;  ice.  A  Vdiinir 
man  ol'the  name  of  .S7o((iif///(Tswam  the  river,  and  hroiifiht  over,  not  acaiinc,  Im't 
a  tronfjli  desifrned  iiir  holding:  sii^rar  water.  This  troiifrh  could  carry  hut  twn 
men  at  a  time.  In  order  to  expedite  their  passa^je,  a  nnmher  of  men  slii|i|i(.,| 
olf  their  <'loth(!S,  put  them  into  the  troii;,di,  tojrether  with  their  ^nins,  ,uiil 
swam  hy  its  sides,  holdiiif,'  its  edf.'es  with  their  hands.  VVIu-ii  ahunt  Jd  |,;i,| 
crossed  the  river,tiie  tW(>  centinels,  who  had  hecn  posted  in  advance," f '•iiMt 
yoiin;;  Srhchosrh  in  the  woods,  fired  at  ami  wounded  him  so  much  llint  lie 
could  not  escape.  He  then,  according'  to  the  account  of  tla;  niiiidcnis 
themselves,  l)e^<{ed  for  his  lift!,  r(^presentin<r  that  Im;  was  Srhcbosrh,  the  sun  nf 
u  while  Christian  man  :  Hut  they  paid  no  alleiition  to  his  entreaties,  and  cut 
iiim  ill  pieces  with  liieir  iiatchets."  "One  ol"  them  liroke  one  of  his  anus  liv 
a  shot.  A  shot  from  the  other  eeiitiiiel  killed  him.  These  heroes  \  then  siul|ii  i| 
niid  tomahawked  him. 

"  lly  this  time,  alioiit  IG  men  had  <rot  over  the  river,  and  sii])posiiiirtii('  fiiiiiir 
of  the;  f.Mins,  whieii  killed  Sluihosli,  would  lead  to  an  instant  discovery,  ilny 
sent  word  to  the  i)arty  desiffiied  to  attack  the  town  on  the  east  side  ut' the 
river,  to  move  on  instantly,  whicli  they  did. 

"In  the  mean  time,  the  small  |)arty  which  had  crossed  the  river,  iimnlitil 
with  all  sj)eed,  to  the  main  town  on  the  west  sid(!of  the  river.  Hen;  tlicy  linnK! 
a  lar^'e  com|)aiiy  of  Indians  gatheriiiff  tin-  corn,  wlii(!h  they  had  lilt  in 
their  liclds  tla;  preceding!;  lidl,  when  they  removed  to  Sandusky,  On  tin 
arrival  of  the  men  at  the;  town,  they  jirofessed  peace;  and  i^ood  will  to  \\\i 
IMoravians,  and  informed  them  that  lliey  liad  come  to  takt;  them  to  fort  I'iit, 
for  their  safisty.  The;  Indians  surrendered,  delivered  U|)  their  ariii.s,  and  ;i|i- 
peared  hi<jrlily  deli<,'hted  with  the  prospect  of  their  removal,  and  higaii  wiili 
all  speed  to  prepare  food  tor  the  white  men,  and  for  themselves  on  tliiir 
journey. 

"  A  jiarty  of  wliitc  men  and  Indians  was  immediately  despatched  to  Riilcm, 
a  short  distance  from  Gnadenhuetten,  where  the  Indians  were  s,'atlieriii^'  in 
their  corn,  to  brin<^  thorn  in  to  Gnadenhuetten.  The  parly  soon  arrived  wiili 
the  whole  number  of  the  Indians  from  Salem.  In  the  m(;an  time  the  IiKliiiii.«;it 
Gnadenhuetten  were  confined  in  two  houses  some  distance  apart,  and  ))liui'(l 


*  I.oskii'l,  Hist.  Moravians,  iii.  170. 

t  I  ixm  M\o\\\\\a^  Doddridi^c's  Narrative,  hut  tlic  next  quotation  is  from  Loskiel,  iii.  ITi. 
and  dion  continues  Doddridm'  witlioiu  any  omission. 

I  My  author  does  not  italicize  this  uiird,  hut  lie  doul)llcss  would,  if  lie  wore  to  givcma 
new  edition  of  his  book;  if  he  did  nut  add  at  least  a  half  a  dozen  exclamations  to  it. 


Cmap.  ] 

iiiidfr  ft 
jiliu'i'd  i 

"  riie 

on  tlieir 
.wponsilii 
iiiiaibcr 
I'liiiiiiian 
iiillicin  I 
I'illsldir^ 
lues  to  SI 

I",  Ntt'pp 

iilii.s!  tlii.H 
llio  (fl((^  o 
|i(irc  for  (I 
"J'Voin 
.saw  tlii'ir 

linrlill^'  (Ul 

mi."  "' 
rcliitc.  Si 
u.-  iliey  w 
IJcpiliii^'  r 
Iniiii  tlie  a^ 
(lisliiiiiored 
s'al|ii/i;,'-kii 
ill  till'  year 
Only  two 

((ill'  l)f  will 

iiiiii.''i'lf  dea 
liisliti'.    Tl 
to  till'  woodi 
Wlieflier  Ji 
Id"  not  loari 
w'i'ii.'<imi(;d  i 
I'AKAiVh 
.11  a  |il(i('(;  c 
l)mii?lit  to  o 
iMplicnrs  till 
liM'oiiiitry, 
ami  went  to 
'("■Ml,  (iiid  i, 
liilim  a/lerwi 
"Ami  even  y 

lill'Ull  fO  jrpt 

"liiff,  miicli 

nc.vi  to  ;ne  in 

o(  »imi()iiin 

iliiiik  to  liave 

)<)iir.s('|f  (leee 

f'oine  e|)i(|,.,„ 

I ''«yatlribtite( 

'"'(^■f  W'tiH  nin 

l«irs  not  to 

I  ?''tllO\vl(;(|rr,„ 

incrediilou.s ; 
|niiw.s;ige,(le, 
jaiiMirdurorof 
|<l';"lifeswoi, 
jnliicli  he  saw 
|w  declared 

m'l'}-  AsoiJ 

^i^TAW'A'J 


.1 ', 


[Hook   V 
\(>  ullit'Ct  (if  tlir 

r,  tiny  iiT('i\(  (I 
•  ir  iiiiHMTin'c  to 
I  mull,  will)  liiiil 
llii'iii  Willi  u'lcm 
"  Miiii'ilcri'il  iii.il 

I'll    Sllllll    lll^i'l'  lit 

'cars  to  till" I'lii'is- 
I'lii,  woiilil  MinK 
iilvi-  llii'ir  tiiiili  in 

ii^lit  tlii'iii  Nvitliin 

CllfllllllK'll  t'l'l"   till' 

noi-niiiJI  tl>''  l'i>i''\ 

to  cross  till'  liviT 
•il  tliat  llii'ii'  Win 

diviili'd  into  tlirip 
anil  ri'ix'li  'li"'  ''^'i' 
icr  ilivisimi  wiis  ui 
\\\)\)vr  «'iul.  NVluii 
I  n'iifli«'<l  till'  riviT, 
,.  a  caiioi!  wiis  M'i'ii 

iitiii}.'  i<'''-  -^  >"""- 
ivtT,  iio'  ii<'aiii"',liiit 
,.,,nl(l  nirry  \w\  twn 
ihcr  ofiiifiistriiiiiid 
ilh  tlit'ii-  }.'iiiis,  iuiil 
iVIu'ii  alioiit  111  liiul 
I  in  ailvanfi',"fiiii'l 

l,„    SI)    HlUcll    tllllt  111' 

It  of  tlio  iiumli'ivvs 
Srhiboarh,  tlie  wm  <il' 
s  cntn'atii-s,  ami  m 
r  oiii'  <>1'  l>'"^  aiiii'^liy 
.  hcrots  \  then  siiulpcd 

istant  (liscovi'i-y,  lluy 
till!  oast  side  ot  the 

1,1  tlie  rivor,  iruivclietl 
Ivor.  Here  they  limml 
lirh  thev  luul  1''' '" 
Sandii^-ky-    Oil  '" 

lanil  iioo'l  ^^'l!  »"  1  ; 
tiko  tlieni  toton  liU, 
„  their  arms,  ami  if 
iloval.and  hesiainviili 
Ii-  tlienisclves  on  tlinr 

despatched  to  ?aleni, 
l„s  were  iiatlierm!.' m 
lu-tv  soon  arrived  Nviih 
P  time  the  l.|di;j.^ 
Incc  upart,  uud  \hm^ 


L  is  rromZ-osAiW.  "'•*^' 

lui    ifhe  were  10  give  "5 » 
Ixclamations  to  H. 


Ch*p-  •'  ] 


I'AKANKK.— NKTAWATVVKE8. 


25 


■  » 


iiiiiIt  Jf""'"'''^ »  ""•'  when  thuHd  (Voin  Salotn  arrived,  tln-y  wcro  divideil,  nnd 
lilaccd  in  tlie  saiin'  Iioiihcm,  with  their  hrethren  of  (•naili'iihiiitti'n. 

"  The  jiriHoners  hi'in^  tlinf^  HeniriMl,  ii  coiineil  ot'  war  was  lii'jil  to  dreido 
on  their  late.  The  oHiecrH,  iinwiUin^  to  takr  «)ii  themsclvi'M  thr  wholii  ro- 
^IKiiisiiiility  of  the  iiwlid  decision,  nj^rerd  to  refer  the  (|iicstioii  to  the  whido 
iiiiiiilier  of  the  nun.  'I'lie  men  were  iicconhn^iy  drawn  iip  in  a  hue.  'I'Im? 
(.oiiiiiinndaiit  of  the  party,  (.'ohiiiel  David  Hilliditmm,  then  put  the  i|neHtion 
liillieiii  in  form,  ^wliether  the  iMoravian  liKhansslioiild  he  taken  priMUiers  to 
I'ilisimrjjli,  or  put  to  death-"  reqnestiiif^all  wlio  were  in  liivor  of  saviiiinlheir 
livi's  to  >^tep  out  of  the  line,  and  form  a  second  rank.  On  this,  it  I,  some  say 
If*, Htepped  out  of  the  rank,  and  formed  theniNrlves  into  a  second  hue;  hut 
aliin!  thin  hue  of  mercy  was  far  too  short  for  that  of  vengeance."  'I'Iiiih  was 
ihpliite  of  the  Moravian  linhans  ihtcided  on,  and  they  were  ordered  to  pto- 
|iiiri'  for  deatli. 

"From  tli«  titrie  thoy  wero  placed  in  the  jj;nnrd-liouHrH,  the  prisoners  fore- 
siw  tlieir  fate,  imd  hej^iin  their  devotions  of  sinj^in^  liymns,  prayin;,'  and  ex- 
liiirlin),' eadi  otiier  to  phico  u  firm  reliance  in  the  niercy  of  the  Savior  of 
imn."  "The  particulars  of  this  dreadful  catastrophe  are  too  horrid  to 
rt'latc.  Snfttce  it  to  say,  that  in  a  few  minutes  these  two  slau),'liter-honses, 
„.;  tliey  were  then  called,  exhibited  in  their  f,'hastly  interior,  the  mangled, 
lileeilinf?  remains,  of  those  poor  unfortunate  people,  of  all  ages  and  sexes; 
from  till!  a>?e(l  grey-headed,  down  to  the  helpless  infant  at  its  mother's  hreast; 
dislmiiored  hy  the  fatal  wounds  of  the  tomahawk,  mallet,  war-clnh,  spear  and 
«(iil|iiii;,'-knife!"  Thus  vvub  the  Hth  day  of  March  Bpent  at  (inadeiihuetten, 
ill  till'  year  1782 ! 

Only  two,  who  were  young  persons,  escajied  this  dreadful  <lay's  slaughter. 
Oiii' lit' whom  had  heen  knocked  down  and  scalped,  and  hy  couiiterli-iting 
iiiiiisDJf  dead,  while  the  miirdererH  had  lefl  the  place,  was  enahled  to  save 
liislit'i'.  The  other  crci>t  uiiohserved  into  a  cellar,  uiul  in  the  night  escaped 
to  till'  woods. 

Wiit'tlierany  of  the  nuirderers  were  called  to  an  nccount  for  what  they  did 
IJiimit  loam,  though  they  prolmhiy  were  not,  owing  to  the  state  of  anarchy 
(xiu^iimed  hy  the  revolutionary  war. 

I'AKANKK  was  a  jiowcrful  Delaware  chief,  whose  residence,  in  1770,  was 
at  :i  jiliiri!  called  Kaskaskunk,  ahoiit  40  miles  north  of  I'ittshnrgh.  Me  ia 
brmiijlit  to  our  notice  hy  the  agency  of  the  missionary  Loskiel,  from  .vhom 
itii|i|H'!irs  that  he  was  very  friendly  to  th(!  Hrethn;!)  at  first,  and  invited  tl  -ni  into 
lihioiiiitiy,  hut  when  Glikhikan,  his  chief  captain  and  speaker,  foi-sook  him, 
ami  went  to  live  with  them,  he  was  so  disconcerted,  that  he  turned  against 
tlipiii,  aiul  for  u  time  caused  them  much  difficulty.  Meeting  with  Glik- 
M™  atlerward  in  puhlic,  he  spoke  to  him  in  an  aiigi-y  tone  as  follows: 
"Ami  even  you  have  gone  over  from  this  council  to  them.  I  snpi)ose  you 
imaii  to  get  a  white  skin  !  Hut  I  tell  you,  not  even  one  of  your  feet  will  tiini 
white,  nuicli  less  your  hody.  Was  you  not  a  hrave  and  honored  man,  sitting 
next  to  :iie  in  council,  when  we  spread  the  blanket  and  considered  the  belts 
ofwampmn  lying  before  us?  Now  you  pretend  to  despise  all  this,  and 
iliiiik  to  have  foimd  something  better.  Some  time  or  other  you  will  find 
(oiusi'lf  deceived."  To  which  Glikhikan  made  but  a  short  and  meek  re|)ly. 
Siiiic  ojiideinic  disease  carried  ofi"  many  of  the  Indians  about  this  time,  and 
tiny  attributed  its  cause  to  their  obstinacy  in  noi  •eceiving  the  gosjxd.  Pa- 
Wf  was  among  the  nmnber  at  last  who  accepio(  it  as  a  remedy.  He  ap- 
|iPiirsnot  to  have  been  so  credulous  as  many  of  his  neighbors;  for  when  the 
ainowiedgnieiit  of  Christianity  was  concluded  iiion  hy  many,  he  remained 
I  incredulous;  and  when  a  belt  of  wampum  was  sent  him,  accom|)anied  with 
himssago,  declaring  that  "whosoever  refused  to  accept  it  would  be  considered 
nniink'rcr  of  his  countrymen,"  he  affected  not  to  understand  its  import,  and 
NiHilitless  would  not  have  acknowledged  it,  but  for  the  imjiending  danger 
hiiiili  lie  saw  threatening  him.  vv'^hen  be  went  to  hoar  the  IJretliren  preach, 
[tic  declared  his  conviction,  and  recommended  liis  children  to  receive  the 
Ifosjinl.  A  son  of  his  was  baptized  in  177.5. 
NETAWATWEES  was  liead  chief  of  the  Delawares,  and  if  we  are  to 
3 


1  fV. 


-^>i; 


.*-■ 


26 


NETAWATWKES— WHITF'.-KYES. 


fn.i(iK  V 


'Ik- 


m^ 


^?--    i^ 


jiulXf)  of  Ilim  fi'Diii  our  Hcaiitv  n-conls,  li»;  will  iippi'iir  to  tlin  licst 
"Mr  iist'il  to  lay  /ill  iitliiirs  iil'  stati'  iicl'uir  liis  cuiiri'^rlJiirH  I'nr  tlirir 
tiiiii,  witliiiiit  irllin;.' llinii  liiH  own  hriitiiiicnts.  Wlirri  tliry  ^r|,vi 
ojiiiiioii,  lit' 


(iiir 
iinr 


'KlVMIilllL'J'. 

''••iiNii|ir,|. 
...  .  I'iiii   tin  ir 

itiicr  a|i|)r<»\r(l  nf  it,  or  Kiatril  liin  ohji'ctioiiH  mimI  aiiiciit|ii„.„|^ 
nlwayHailc^iii;.' tlii'ica«(»iiMolhiMiliwii|i|iiul»atioii."  Hrltui' tlicrcvoliiiion,  Ji  „,|^ 
Haid  that  lir  hail  aiiiaziii|ily  iiiiTraHnl  tlif  rr|r.itatinn  oCtlif  Di'lawans ;  iiml  i,,, 
f<|ian'il  lid  jiaiiLs  liiciiiiriliatrall  his  iii-i;;lili(>rH, anil  rrconcilc  thi'iii  onftiiiinntli 
or.  liiH  ii'siili'iici',  ill  I77M,  was  at  (ii'kririiiiikjH'cliiiriik.  'I'lic  iM<>iii\iiiii  ihIh. 
dionarirHsnit  iihhni'ii^'its  to  liiiii,  with  iiit'oriiiation  ot'llii>  arrival  ot  niKitlMr  luj  . 
Hioiiarv,  ill  July  ofthis^vi-ar,  ici|ii(Htiiif,'u  rnirwal  oftiiriidHhiii  ami  acoiirnin,.,. 
tioiiiit  hi.st'oriiirr  |ii-oiiiisfot'|irotrrlioii.  W  jirii  tliiN  was  laid  hi'liiir  hini  iiiiiHij^ 
coiiiiril,  they  werr  not  niiii-li  plca.srd  with  tlii^  intoniiation,  and  tlic  olil  ,.|,„  ,- 
JVetaivfilurin,  said,  "  Tin;/  hiirv  tmrlurn  vnoxi^h  dirt  tut  i/,  for  a  new  om  cmi  Inni 
nulhinn  lint  Hit  aitinc  duclrini"  llf  was,  liowrvfr,  lurvailcd  upon  to  frivc  )|j^ 
(•onstiit  to  tlirir  n-ipH'st,  and  aflcrwards  lii-raiiu' a  coiivi  it  to  tlirir  itH:;ii,|| 
Alh'r  111!  iiad  si't  out  in  this  course,  lin  sent  the  following.'  spfcch  to  lijs  ulij 
friiMid  Pakitnkt :  "  You  ami  I  itrc  holli  old,  and  know  not  how  Ionic  "'«  nlmll  ll,y 
'J'lnnfure  lit  us  do  n  f^ood  work,  bvj'orv  wr  dipart,  nnd  Imvc.  a  Irstlmiinij  tn 
childnn  and po.sti rilif,  Unit  iir  Inivv  rrrvived  the  word  of  (!od.  Lit  Ihls  /;, 
Id.sl  will  and  listdintnt,'''  I'akankf  vniiM'iiU'ii,  mu[  was  at  fjn-at  pains  in  sml 
Holi'inii  (Miihassifs  to  all  siii-li  trilics  as  lii>  tlioii<r|it  proper  to  eoniniiiiiii'iii,. 
liis  deteriiiiiiatioii.     jVeliiwdtifccs  died  at  I'ittshur^'li  near  the  close  ol'  I7;i; 

,\'ildwidwi(s  had  Iteeii  a  sif.'iier  to  tin;  treaty  of  (.'onestofra  in  the  year  jJl-, 
beiiijr  tlii-n  yoiinj.',  probaidy  ahoiit  '^."i  years  of  ape.  Tiie  'I'lirtle  triJH.  u,,^ 
the  first  aiiitiiip  the  Didawares,  and  of  this  lie  liecaiiio,  by  their  iisa<;c.'<,  i'||j,.|; 
To  iiiiii  was  coiiiiiiitted  all  the  tokens  of  contracts  ;  such  as  bidts  of  wmn. 
piiin,  writiiifis  «d»li>.'atory,  with  the  sipn  inaiiiial  of  ft'dlinm  Penn,  aiiil  (jilm, 
since,  down  to  tin;  tiiiii!  biiiisellj  with  IiIh  tribe,  was  tbrced  to  leiivc  tlmr 
lands  and  retire  into  Ohio. 

Atler  liaviii);  b(U!ii  seated  upon  the  Oliio,  nt  n  place  convenient  for  (iiin. 
municatioii  with  the  VVyandots  and  other  warliki!  nations  of  the  west,  ||c; 
made  known  to  tlM'iu  tlus  wrongs  which  iio  and  his  jieople  had  siitrirnl. 
JJy  advice  of  the  Wyandot  clii«'fs,  be  settled  finally  upon  ("ayalmf,'ii  |{i\,i, 
loavinp  open  the  Rivers  Miiskinpurii  and  Hip  Heaver  fcir  any  of  liis  iinii,,!, 
that  were  there  already,  and  should  afterwards  come  to  settle  there.  Aiiihlm 
was  tiie  occasion  of  Kini!;  Iitdver\<i  biiildinp  ii  town  and  settling  tlie  Tiiikiv 
tribe  nt  the  mouth  of  Neiiioschilli  Creek,  since  called  Tii.scarawas.  Ol'ili, 
di.stiiipiiished  clii(;f  W(!  sbull  s|ieak  more  at  larpe  in  another  place. 

Wiien  Colonids  Bouquet  and  liradslrtd,  in  l7(iM,  were  peiuitratiiif;  iiitu  t||,. 
Indian  country,  JVetawatwees,  not  without  reason,  became  alarmed  tor  iii> 
safety,  and  could  not  be  prevailed  upon  to  attend  the  treaty  with  ('dldinl 
Boiujuel,  after  tiie  battle  of  Hiisliy  Riini,  iiotwitiistandinp  the  otiior  iliini 
did.  J  lis  resilience  beinp  in  ranpe  of  the  march  of  liowjuers  army,  lie  inn 
lute  atteiii|)ted  to  escape  down  the  Muskingum  in  a  canoe;  but  hciii<.'  iniir- 
cepted  by  some  of  Bouquet^s  Indian  spies,  was  brought  bcfori;  tiii!  cdIhiiiI, 
who,  because  hi;  did  not  up]»eur  at  tiie  treaty,  publicly  deposed  him,  tiiid  |nii 
another  at  the  bead  of  his  tribe.  Upon  the  conclusion  of  a  |)eace,  Ikiwh  r, 
the  first  act  of  im|)ortance  piirfiuMiied  by  the  J)elavvaro  nation  wn.s  in  niii- 
state;  ^Vetawatwees,  lie  continued  in  the  undisturbed  possession  of  tlit'iiiiiiy 
until  iiisdeatii,  which  liap|)en(!d  in  the  second  year  of  the  revoliitioii,  l"ii. 
at  Pittsburgh,  when  be  iiad  attained  the  ape  of  near  !•!•  years.* 

The  mi.ssionaries,  especially,  felt  bis  loss  with  preat  severity,  for  liis  ruiiii- 
cil  was  of  the  prcatest  benefit  to  tbeni  on  all  frying  occasions. 

WIUTE-EYES, or,  us  some  write,  H'hite-cye,  was  "the  first  captain  nnionj 
the  Delawares."  There  was  always  preat  opposition  ainonp  tlii;  liiiliiiiii 
against  missionuries  settling  in  their  country  ;  who,  in  the  laiipiiiifrf  •tt'iH'; 
of  the  Moravians,  "were  a  stone  of  oftincc  to  many  of  the  chiefs  iiiui  hn 
great  i)art  of  the  council  at  (jekelemukixichiienk,  and  it  was  several  limfJ 
proj)08ed  to  expel  them  by  force."     JJut  "  this  man  [Cajjtuin  White-eyts]  kql 

*  Heckewelder's  IJiogra])liics,  &c.,  in  Philos.  Trans. 


:9. 

r  to  tlin  litest  lulviiiiliiifp. 
Iiirn  lor  tlirir  roiixiilirn- 
I'll   llii'V  Jliivr   lilin  llii  ir 
tioiiH  and   tunriiilini'iiN, 
Ion- tlit'r<'vo|iiiioii,it  was 
il'tlic  Di'lusviin'H;  iiikI  Im 
oncilc  lliiMM  oiH'to  iiimili- 
I'lik.    'l"ln'  Morns  inn  ihir*. 
llnMirrival  ol'iiiiollirr  iiil>. 
i'it'ii)lHlii\)  ami  ariiiiliniiii. 
/HH  laiil  IM-Iorc  liini  iiii(lln> 
Illation,  and  tlif  old  iliu i' 
/,  for  a  new  one  can  hinh 
n'vailfd  upon  to  \i\\f  liln 
coiivt  rl  to  llicir  rt'iiL'liiii. 
illowini.'  spt'tM'li  to  Ills  nil! 
not  how  lont:  wi  ulinll  live 
nd  leitve  a  Imlimiwii  In  unr 
I  of  Hod.     L'l  tliin  lif  mir 
as  at  ^MTiit  |iaiiix  to  si'ml 
It  |iroi>fr  to  coiiiiiniiiirMi.' 
;li  iit-ar  tilt!  fl(w  dl'  l7Tt;. 
.'oncHto^ra  in  tli«'  ytiir  ITl-', 
Tc.     'I'lif  Tnrtlc  tiilic  \\ii« 
"mo,  l>y  tlirir  unafji's,  cliicf, 
tH  ;  fwh  as  litdts  of  wiiin. 
f  h'iUitim  I'cm,  uiid  diln it 
WU8  forced  to  leuvi;  tin  ir 

place  coiivcnicnt  for  mw- 
i(>  nations  of  tlic  west,  hr 
id  his  p(!<)pl»'  liad  siill'rivil. 
lally  npo"  ('ayalmtiiiKiMi, 
i-avcr  (or  any  t>f  his  iiiitKni 
nicto  sflth- their.  And  tins 
vii  and  scttlinf.'  the  'riirkiy 
■alUnl  'rnscarawiis.    Ul  tliis 

ill  another  idacc. 
H,  were  i>ciu'trntiii<r  mto  tin- 
1,11,  became  alarnieil  for  lii< 
i-iid  the  treaty  with  r,<\m\ 
ithslaiidin';  the  other  .'liiiH 
h  of  liouquet's  army,  lie  i"o 
ill  a  canoe  ;  hut  heiii^'  iiitn- 

hi-oii<rht  before  tin;  i'ol,m>l, 
ihlicly  deposed  him,  and  i"ii 
i-hisioii  of  a  peace,  li.iwcvr, 
Jolawaro  nation  wn.s  to  imii- 
iirbed  jiossession  ot  tlif  "tiKe 

year  of  the  revoUitioii,  In'. 

liear  1«>  yeiu-«-*    ^     , . 

1,  srn-at  severity,  for  his  mm- 

vinsr  occasions.  , 

was  "the  first  captain  mi« 

'.position  among  tlu!  h:d«"^ 
.\viio,  inthelanf-Mmfr^"  * 
;,,,,,,;  of  the  chiels  and. 

„eiik,  and  it  was  several   im 


ClHI"     "1 


WIFITF,-F,VKS. 


AT 


ivjiilricd  iiiiii  highly  ipialihed.      Itiit  as  he   was  not  chief  liy  re;'iiliir 
lii'  iiiily  acecpted  the  olliee   until  a  \ouii<{  <'liie|'  .should    ha    of  ni;i 


(litM-hiefs  and  council  innwe,  and  would  not  sniler  them  to  iiijiin>  the  mirt- 
,iiiiiaries,  lieiii);  in  his  own  heart  conviiicrd  of  the  triiihs  of  the  ^'osiHil. 
I'liis  was  evident  in  all  his  speeclieH,  held  lirliire  the  cliietH  and  coiiiieil  in 
|i,'|iiilf  of  the  Indian  coni:re};ation  and  their  teachers."  * 

I  |iiiii  the  death  of  .V(7(/H'(»/(/'((,«r,  in  I77t»,  ( 'aplaiii  It  hilr-riirx  \H'i'imu'  cliiuf 

lii'iii,  to  which   place  his  lliniier  siluiilion  ol'  first   counsiilor  to  that  eiiicf 

desecnt, 
,  Nsiio,  it 
.ii'iiis,  was  heir  apparent.  It  is  said  he  had  lon^'  looked  forward  with  iiii\iety 
iiitlii'  time  when  his  I'oimtrymen  should  bicome  Ciiristians,  and  enjoy  tho 
{iiMirfits  of  eivili/ation  ;  "hut  he  did  not  live  to  see  that  time,  I'or  while  ac- 
,iiiii|iaiiyiii>r  (ien.  Markintosh  with  his  army,  to  Miiskiiifjiim,  in  I77H,  or  '!•,  Im 
i„iik  the  small-pox  and  died."f 

Tlie  old  cliiet'.V»7«/c«/«w.'»  listed  overvart  to  thwart  the  endeavors  of  While- 
,i(r«,  and,  as  they  were  rather  ilia  strain  horderiiif.'  upon  perseeiitioii,  wero 
liiiiv  sure  to  make  tint  latter  more  strenuous.  ||i>  theretitre  declared  "that 
iiii'|iii)sperity  would  attend  the  Inditiii  atliiirs,  unless  they  reeeived  ami 
liilii'ved  the  saving  ^rospel,"  Ate.  /r/iiVc-ci/c.t  was  tiirced  about  this  time  to 
st|iarate  himself  (i'oiii  tlm  other  chiefs.  "This  oeeasioned  j:re'it  and  ;;eneral 
Mirjiiise,  and  his  preseiici;  heiii<;  considered  both  by  the  ehielsiuid  the  peopio 
iiMiiilispi^nsably  necessary,  a  negotiation  coimneiierd,  and  some  Indian  bn^tli- 
rtii  were  appointed  arbitrators.  The  event  was  beyiiml  exjieetation  miccesH- 
liil,  for  chief  JViltumUween  not  only  ackiiowled};ed  the  injiistiie  tlotie  to  ("ap- 
:;iin  lyhite-ej/e,  but  clianj;ed  his  mind  with  respeet  to  the  believini,'  IndiaiiH 
and  tlicir  teachers,  and  remained  their  constant  tiieiid  to  his  death."  ( 

At  the  breakiii>;  out  of  tins  revolutionary  war,  the  American  coin;r(!ss 
(iidcavorcd  to  treat  with  the  cliiets  of  the  Six  Nations,  and  acconliniily 
iiivili'd  the  l)elawan;H  to  send  deputies,  ffhilt-ej/cs  atlendi^d  on  the  part  of 
ilii'  |tri'thren,an(l  his  conduct  beiin-o  the  cominissioner.i  was  highly  approved 
liv  tilt;  missionaries. . 

Towards  the  close  of  tho  yenr  1770,  the  lliirons  sent  a  message  to  tlio 
Pilawares,  "that  they  must  keej)  their  sho(!S  in  readiness  to  join  the  warriors." 
Xdlitwittwr.es  beint,'  their  head  chief,  to  him,  (tonseipiently,  was  the  talk 
ililivcred.  Ho  would  not  accept  the  message,  but  sent  belts  to  the  lluroiis, 
with  nil  admonition  for  their  rash  resolution,  and  n>mindiiig  them  of  tliu 
niisfry  they  had  already  brought  ujioii  themselves.  Captain  If'hite'etfes  was 
alH'aier  of  the  belts,  who  in  his  turn  was  as  misiiccessliil  as  the  Huron  ain- 
bassailors ;  for  when  they  were  delivered  to  tin;  chiefs  in  Fort  Dt'troit,  in 
prcsi'iice  of  the;  English  governor,  he  cut  them  in  pieces,  and  threw  them  at 
till'  feet  of  tli(!  bi;arers,  ordering  them,  at  tlii^  sami>  time,  to  dc;part  in  half  an 
Imiir.  He  aecuHcd  While-eyes  of  a  connection  w  itli  the  Americans,  and  told 
liiiii  his  head  was  in  danger. 

It  is  not  strange  that  Whilt-eifes  was  treated  in  this  manner,  if  he  took  tho 
ftaiid  at  the  commencement  of  tin;  war,  w  liich  wo  suppose  li'om  the  follow- 
iiiL' I'iiriiiiistance  that  he  did:  The  lro(|iiois,  being  chietly  in  the  English 
interest,  and  considi'ring  the  Delawares  bound  to  o|)eiate  with  them,  ordered 
iheiii  to  he  in  readiness,  as  has  betMi  just  ndated.  Upon  tiiis  occiusion,  H'hite- 
fi/a said  "he  should  do  as  he  pleased;  that  he  wore  no  petticoats,  us  they 
llilsoly  pretended ;  he  wus  no  woman,  but  u  man,  and  they  should  find  him  to 
act  as  siich."§ 

We  hear  nothing  more  of  iini)ortanco  of  this  chief  until  1780,  which  waa 
lilt' year  of  his  death.  He  died  Jit  Pittsburgh,  in  Pennsylvania,  of  the  smull- 
|i(i\.  .Many  othcTS  died  about  this  time,  among  whom  was  u  man  who  must 
iiiive  Ih!cii  vmy  old,  perhaps  near  1!<J0,  as  lie  could  well  remember  when  tlio 
tirst  house  was  built  in  Philadelphia,  in  l(i82,  being  then  a  boy. 

Although  fVhile-etjes  was  so  friendly  to  the  IJrethren,  yet  he  never  fully 
jimiecl  tlieiii,  stating  his  political  station  as  a  reason. 

The  Delaware  nation  perpetuated  his  name ;  a  chief  signed  u  treaty  in 


•  Loskiel,  ill.  101  -"2. 
{  Loikiel,  iii.  101—2. 


t  Heckewelder's  Biographies,  &c.,  in  Philos.  Trans, 
i  Ileckewetiler,  Ilisl.  22. 


\f 


4 

t       '. 


'ir 


38 


PAXNOUS.— TADEUSKUND. 


[Booji  V. 


m 


1814,  at  Greenville,  in  Ohio,  bearing  it.*     fVhUe.-eijcs'  town  is  frequently  men 
tioned  in  history.     It  vviis  the  plut^e  of  his  residtaice,  which  waa  near  tiie  liillu 
of  the  Miiskinguni. 

PAXNOUS  was  head  ehicf  of  the  Shawunewe  in  1754.    At  this  time  t|„. 
Christian  Indians  of  tiie  Moravian  setth-nient,  GnathinhiHstten,  wen;  opiu'ess 
ed  l)y  a  tribute  to  the  llnrons.     Tliis  year,  Parnous  and  Gideon  Tadeuskuud 
wlio  had   Iteconie   dissenters,  came  to   tlioni,   and  delivered  the  tollowin.i 
niesHaj,'e :  "  Tiie  great  liead,  tiiat  is,  the  eoini4;il  of  the  Iro(|uois  in  Un(in(lii"(? 
speak  tiio  tnnb  and  lie  not:  tiiey  rejoice  that  soni(!  of  tlie  1h  iieviiifr  JmliiJ^i^ 
have  moved  to  VVajoniick,  [near  Wilkslmrg  and  the  Huscpieiiainiaii,]  \n\\  ii„\y 
bey  hit  np  the  r«;inaining  Maiiikans  and  Delawares,  and  set  tii(  in  also  douii 
iii  VVajoniick  ;  for  there  a  .l.e  is  kindled  for  them,  and  there  they  may  pljint 
and  think  of  (lod.     Hut  if  they  will  not  bear,  tin;  great  liead,  or  cdiiiicil 
will  come  and  clean  their  ears  with  a  red-hot  iron  ;"  that  is,  scyt  their  lioiists 
on  fire,  and  send  bullets  through  their  bends.     The  next  yi'ar,  P(txnoun  imd 
13  others  came  again,  and  in  the  name  of  the  lliiroiis  deiiiaiKhid  an  aiisutr 
to  tlie  summons  he  bad  delivered  last  year.     His  wife  ;ttended  him,  iui,|  (;,f 
whom  be  bad  great  affection,  having  then  lived   with  her  'iS  years.    She 
being  touched  by  the  preaciiing  of  the  IJrethren,  was  no  doubt  tiie  cause  cif 
softening  the  heart  of  Paxnoua,  and  causing  him  thencfsforth  to  do  miicji  for 
tbein.     This  answer  was  r«!turned  to  bim  to  bear  to  the  llurons:  "'flu. 
Brethren  will  confiir  with  tbi;  Iroquois  themselves,  concerning  tlu^  iiitijiidcd 
removal  of  the  Indians  from  (jinadenbuetten  to  Wajomick."     Pax)ious,  "  hejn,, 
only  an  ambassador  in  this  business,  was  satisfyed,  and  even  fornied  a  closur 
acquaintance  with  the  IJrethren."     This  is  siitlicient  to  explain  Parnous^  par. 
tiality  for  the  Brethren.     Before  they  dejiarted,  bis  wife  was  baptized,  aiul 
all   present,  among  whom  was    her  husband,  were    much  affectccL     Slio 
declared,  as  she  returned  home,  "  that  she  felt  as  happy  as  a  child  new  born," 
Paxnoiui  also  had  two  sons,  who  did  much  lor  the  Brethren. 

TADEUSKUND,  a  noted  chief  among  the  Delawares,  may  be  considered 
next  in  importiuice  to  those  above  named.  lie  was  known  among  the 
English,  previous  to  1750,  by  the  name  Honest-John.  About  this  tiint>,  jio 
was  received  into  the  Moravian  community,  and  after  some  delay,  "  owjuff 
to  his  wavering  disposition,"  was  baiitized,  and  received  into  fellowsliip.  ]lig 
baptismal  name  was  Gideon.  He  adhered  to  the  missionaries  just  as  loiij;  ag 
his  condition  appeared  to  be  better,  but  when  any  thing  more  favorable  otter- 
ed, he  stood  ready  to  embark  in  it. 

The  Christian  Indians  at  Gnadenhuetten  were  desirous  of  renioviiiff  to 
Wajomick,  which  offered  more  advantages  than  that  place,  and  this  was  a 
secret  desire  of  the  wild  Inilians ;  for  they,  intending  to  join  the  Freiieii  of 
Canada,  wished  to  have  them  out  of  the  way  of  their  excursions,  tliat  they 
might  with  more  secrecy  fall  upon  the  English  frontiers.     It  was  now  l/.")! 

Meanwhile  Tadeuskund  had  liad  the  otter  of  leading  the  l)elaw;'res  in  tlie 
war,  and  hence  he  had  been  a  chief  promoter  of  a  removal  to  Wajomick. 
The  missionaries  saw  through  the  plot,  and  refused  to  move ;  but  (jiiite  a 
company  of  their  followers,  to  the  number  of  about  70,  went  tiiitiier,  iijrieu- 
ably  to  the  wishes  of  Tadeuskund  and  bis  party,  and  some  went  oft"  to  other 
places. 

Tadeuskund  was  now  in  bia  element,  marching  to  and  from  the  French  in 
warlike  style.  When  Paxnous,  as  has  been  related,  summoned  the  remain. 
ing  bi'lievers  at  Gnadenhuetten  to  remove  to  Wajomick,  Tadeuskund  nceoni- 
panied  him.  As  the  interest  of  the  French  began  to  decline,  Tadtuskund 
began  to  think  about  making  a  sliilt  again.  Having  lived  a  coiisideralile 
part  of  the  year  1758  not  fiir  from  Bethleliem,  with  about  100  of  his  follow- 
ers, he  gave  tlu;  Brethren  there  intimations  that  be  wished  again  to  join 
them;  and  even  requested  that  some  one  would  preach  on  his  side  of  the 
Lehigh.  But  the  hopes  of  his  njclaim  were  soon  after  dissipated.  And  "lie 
now  even  endeavored  to  destroy  the  peace  and  condbrt  of  the  Indian  enii- 
gregation."  From  the  discouraging  nature  of  the  artiiirs  of  the  Freneli,  ten 
Indian  nations  were  induced  to  send  deputies  to  treat  with  the  English  at 

*  Seo  Ilisi.  Second  War,  by  S.  R.  Brown,  Appendix,  105. 


CUP.  II]       MASSACRE  AT  GNADENHUETTEN.— SKENANDO. 


29 


Ruston,  wl)icli  eventuated  in  ii  treaty  of  [leace.  Tmleuskiind  \m\tPiuhH]  tliat 
iliis  treaty  liud  been  agret^d  to  on  condition  tliat  ffovtirnnient  Nliould  hnild  a 
town  on  ti>e  Sus(|neliannali  lor  tlie  Indians,  and  canse  those  living  witli  the 
Drctlu'en  to  remove  to  it.  Tiiis  liis  enemies  denied.  Tiien;  was  some  lomi- 
Jation,  liom  their  (»wn  account,  lor  Tmkiuikunirs  pretentlin;;  to  have  receiv(!d 
tiill  connnission  to  conduc^t  all  the  Indians  within  certain  limits,  which 
iiu'lialed  those  of  Jletidelieni,  to  Wajomick ;  and  tlierelore  deniandc<l  tiieir 
coiiipliHiice  with  his  commands.  He  was  liberal  in  liis  promises,  provided 
tlicy  would  comply ;  sayiiifj,  thev  siiould  have  lields  clcare(i  and  plonf,die(l, 
lioiises  built,  and  provisions  provided:  not  only  so,  but  their  teacln  .o  .should 
atti'iid  them,  to  live  there  unmolestiMl,  anil  the  Ijclievers  entirely  by  them- 
stlves.  IJut,  throufrh  the  intluence  of  their  priests,  they  would  not  cctniply, 
which  occiLsioned  soiuf!  thrcfats  liom  Tndeuskund,  and  lie  inunediately  set 
ort'  lor  Philadelphia,  considerably  irritated. 

Tfw/eiwAunf/ went  to  Philadelphia  in  consequence  of  an  intended  j,'eneral 
foiijrress  of  the  Indians  and  English,  inchidinfj  all  those  who  did  noi  attend 
at  Huston.  When  he  retiu-ned,  be  dcnuuuUui  a  positive  answer,  and  they 
r,.|ilicd  that  they  would  not  lemove  mdess  the  gov»M-nor  and  all  the  chiefs  so 
iletiiinined,  for  that  they  could  not  without  the  greatest  inconvenience.  This 
seemed  to  satisfy  liim,  and  he  left  them. 

The  great  council  or  congress  of  English  and  Indians  at  Easton  abovo 
rfiirii'd  to,  being  of  much  importance  in  Indian  bistory,  as  also  illustrative 
of  other  eminent  characters  as  well  as  that  of  Tadeuskund,  we  will  refer  ita 
details  to  a  separate  chapter. 

Tadaiskund  was  burnt  to  death  in  bis  own  house  ut  Wajomick  in  April, 

i:(v!. 

Ot'an  execnddemiu'deratGnadeiibuetten  we  have  not  spoken,  as  we  have 
not  learned  the  name  of  the  leaders  in  or  instigators  of  it;  however,  it  will 
imt  he  proper  to  pass  it  over  in  detailing  the  <!vents  of  (,;U*  history.  It  ba])- 
ppiied  in  the  time  of  the  French  and  Indian  wars,  in  1755.  Although  it  is 
t't'iiurally  8|)oken  of  as  tin;  massacre  of  Giiadenhuetten,  yet  it  did  not  ba|i|)en 
111  tliat  town,  but  in  a  small  village  on  Mabony  Creek,  about  a  half  a  milo 
I'roin  it.  On  the  24  Novend)er,  a  band  of  Indians,  (their  numbers  unknown,) 
who  came  from  the  French,  fell  suddeidy  upon  the  jdace,  wb..e  tlie  IJrethrca 
wie  ut  8up|)er,  and  killed  eleven  |)crsons  ;  namely,  seven  men,  three  women, 
ami  one  child  15  months  old.  Oidy  two  men,  one  woman,  and  a  boy, 
e.<i'ii|)e(l.  The  slaughter  would  bave  been  tar  greiUer,  if  i!ie  Christian  bi'lians 
y  not  been  away  at  that  time  upon  a  huiuing  excursion.  I'ad  not  a  dog 
fivt'ii  the  alarm,  as  the  Indians  a|)proached,  they  would  probably  bave  takcui 
all  the  whites  prisoners;  but  the  moment  the  dog  gave  the  alaini,  those 
witliiii  the  bouse  sprimg  to  the  doors  and  windows  to  secure  them,  which 
bi'ing  open,  tla;  Imliaus  fired  iiUo  them,  killing  one  man  and  woimding 
several  other  ])ersons.  The  poor  people  succeeded  in  securing  the  df)or3 
ami  windows,  ami  then  retreated  into  the  giu"r»!t  of  tli«)  bouse.  Tlis,  as  they 
must  have  expected,  they  found  a  wretched  retreat!  the  roof  ov(!r  their 
iicmls  was  sixm  in  flames,  and  the  only  persons  that  esctiped  wen;  a  man 
ami  his  wife,  aiul  a  boy,  wbicb  they  ettecttnl  through  tin;  burning  roof!  One 
uiiiiT,  a  inuii  who  bad  bi'cn  confmt!<l  in  an  out-bouse  by  sickness,  escaped 
fmiii  a  window.  All  the  buildings  in  the  village,  the  cattle  and  other  animals 
ill  tlie  barns,  wcsre  consumed  in  the  flames!  * 

The  leader  of  this  party,  whos»!  niuue  it  is  as  well  I  eaimot  give,  soon  met 
with  a  ie(|iiital  for  bis  murders.  Hy  the  infliunu'e  of  the  (lovernor  of  I'eim- 
<)lv;iiiia,  iuiil  Mr.  G'eorg-e  Cros^lmn,  the  hostile  Indians  were  prevailed  upon 
!o meet  the  whites  in  a  council  at  Easton,  the  next  year,  vi/.  175ll.  This 
Imliaii  ciijitain  set  out  to  attend  the  coimcJI,  and  in  the  way,  it  seems,  he  M\ 
\\\{mi\)M\y  \\\lU  Tadeuskund.  With  this  child"  b»!  contrived,  some  how  or 
oilitr,  to  get  up  a  (piarrel,  in  which  Tndeuskund  killed  him.t 

SKKNANIK),  though  belonging  to  a  later  age,  may  very  jiroperly  be 
iwiii'ed  here,  lie  wius  an  Oneida  chief,  contemporary  with  the  missioiiarj' 
kirkldiul,  to  whom  be  became  a  convert,  and  lived  many  years  of  the  latter 


*  [feckewclJer's  Narrative,  4rL 

3* 


t  Ibid.  61,52. 


1  I. 


.*■■:' 


-■■'.  ^ 

>**■ 

■■ti.. 

'  5  -  '-■ 

m 

■    ""% 

mil 

;~'}W- 

m 

:k^ 

■    '^'JSl 

Ua 

', ;.   aV 

>(  |Hb 

H 

m 

■if 

>:      n 

';:  JffiS 

wt 

do 


SKENANDO— MEMORABLE  SPEECH. 


[Book  V. 


part  of  his  life  a  beliovor  in  Cliristiuiiity.  Mr.  Kirkland  died  at  Paris  N 
York,  in  1808,  and  waH  bnri*;*!  near  Oneida.  Skenarulo  desired  to  be  Itiiricd 
near  liini  at  iiis  dentil,  wliicii  was  granted.  He  lived  to  he  110  years  uU 
and  was  ollen  visited  by  Htranfjtjrs  ont  of  curiosity.  He  said  to  oik-  ;v|,o 
visited  him  hnt  a  little  time  beti)re  his  death,  "7  am  an  aged  lumlock;  the 
tviiuls  of  an  hundred  winiera  have  ivhistM  through  my  branches ;  I  am  dead  at 
the  top.     The  generation  to  which  I  belonged  has  run  away  and  lejl  jne." 

In  early  life,  he  was,  like  nearly  all  of  his  race,  given  to  intoxication.  Jn 
177.'»,  he  was  at  Albany  to  settle  some  affiiirs  ol'  liis  trihti  with  the  j,'()veiii. 
ment  of  Now  York.  One  night  he  became  drunk,  and  in  the  nioniing  ibuiid 
himself  in  the  street,  nearly  naked,  every  thing  of  worth  slripjUMl  fruiu  Jiii,, 
even  the  sign  of  his  chietlainship.  This  brought  him  to  a  seiisse  of  \,\^ 
duty,  and  he  was  never  more  known  to  ho  intoxicated.  He  was  a  iiowcrful 
chief,  and  the  Americans  did  not  fail  to  engage  him  on  their  side  in  tiie  ley. 
olution.  This  was  cong«;nial  to  his  mind,  for  he  always  urged  the  ri<;iita  of 
the  prior  occupants  of  tho  soil,  and  once  opposed  the  Americans  on  tlie 
same  principle,  l<)r  encroachments  upon  the  red  men.  lie  rendered  \m 
adopted  Anglo  brethren  important  services. 

From  the  " Annals  of  Tryon  County,"*  wo  learn  that  Skenando  died  on 
the  11  March,  18 1().  He  letl  an  only  son.  And  the  same  author  (.^.KstTviis 
that  "  his  person  was  tall,  well  made,  and  robust.  His  countenance  was 
intelligent,  and  displayed  all  the  |)eculiar  dignity  of  an  Indian  chief.  In  ||j^ 
youth  he  was  a  brave  and  intrepid  warrior,  and  in  his  riper  years,  ono  „f 
the  noblest  counselh)rs  among  the  North  American  tribes  :"  and  tiiat,  in  the 
revolutionary  war,  by  his  vigilance  he  i)reserved  th(j  settlement  of  (jlerniaii 
Flats  from  being  <l(>stroyed. 

We  will  close  the  present  chapter  with  some  of  the  laud  transactions  with 
the  Indians  in  Pennsylvania 

IJy  his  last  will,  Oovisrnor  Penn  devised  to  his  grandson,  }VUliam  Pmi 
and  his  heirs,  10,000  acres  of  land  to  be  laid  out  "  in  proper  and  hcnnticjal 
places  in  this  j)rovince,  by  his  trustees."  William  Penn,  the  grandson,  sold 
out  this  land  to  a  gentleman,  Mr.  H'iUiam  Allen,  a  great  land-jobber.  Ity  n 
little  management  Mien  got  this  land  located,  generally,  where  he  dcsirvd. 
One  considerable  tract  included  part  of  Minisink,  and  no  previous  unaiii'c- 
nient  had  been  made  with  those  Indians.  It  would  be  very  chaiitubit!  to 
suppose,  that  the  trustees  intended,  and  that  perhaps  they  did  not  douin,  hut 
the  same  course  v  ould  be  pursued  in  purchasing  of  the  Indians  as  iiiul  hein 
before,  by  others  ;  but  no  sooner  had  the  new  proprietor  got  the  lands  sur- 
veyed  to  him,  than  ho  began  to  sell  it  to  those  that  'vould  go  on  at  once  uiid 
settle  it. 

Hence  we  clearly  see  the  road  ojiened  for  all  difficulties.  About  tlie  same 
time  j)roposals  were  published  for  a  land  lottery,  and  by  the  conditions  of 
tliese  proposals,  not  the  least  notice  was  taken,  or  the  least  reserve  nuuh",  of 
tlie  rights  of  the  Indians.  But  on  the  contrary,  such  jtersons  as  liud  soitlej 
upon  lands  that  did  not  belong  to  them,  were,  in  case  they  drew  pii/.cs, to 
remain  unmolested  upon  the  lan«ls  of  the  Indians.  Ity  this  moans  nnioli  of 
the  land  in  the  Forks  of  the  Delaware,  since  I'^aston  and  vicinity,  as  well  iij 
other  places,  becaiiie  taken  up,  by  this  kind  of  gambling,  and  the  hidiaiis 
were  tluis  crowded  from  it.  They  for  some  time  complauied,  and  ut  kngth 
began  to  threaten,  but  the  event  was  war  and  bloodshed. 

To  still  the  clamors  of  these  injunul  people,  recourse  was  had  to  as  »\-n\ 
abuses  as  had  already  been  practised :  crimes  were  sought  to  be  cloudd 
by  bold  stratagem.  The  Iroquois  were  connived  with,  and  tli(!y  caino  for- 
ward, confirmed  the  doings  of  the  land-jobbers,  and  order*'  ■  the  Dtlawares 
to  leave  their  country.  They  were  to  choose  one  of  two  horns  of  a  wicIiIuhI 
dilemma.  The  power  of  the  Irocpiois  could  not  be  withstood,  backed  as  it 
was  by  the  Fnglish.  They  ordered  the  poor  Uelawares  to  remove,  or  tliey 
would  destroy  them,  as  in  the  life  of  Canasnlego  will  be  found  related. 

A  sort  of  claim  was  obtained  to  some  of  tlie  disput(!d  lands,  in  a  simi- 
lar a  manner  as  Georgia  got  hers  of  some  of  the  Creek  country  not  munj 


Chap.  II.J 

years  since, 

tlie  ground 

nesses  jirev 

upon  Delaw 

IuikIm  on  ti 

Why  tlie  j)r 

deed,  when 

nujiiires  no 

(vriting  quit 

This  writiiij 

chide  suid  la 

That  the  ] 

iiiiiil  some  ti 

boyoml  a  doi 

niaiiifi  Jed  t 

along  interc 

character  as 

ciiij;  soiiK!  tri 

circiinistaiice 

of  land  by  th 

convey  any  In 

iitiiry  to  the 

among  the  Si 

The  celebi- 

detail,  gave  tli 

ivhites  liad  co 

conference  in 

representative 

Miiiiseys  and 

the  reasons  Ibi 

go  (or  an  instai 

foot)  was  my  la 

in  the  Forks  o 

Iving  between 

I  have  not  onljl 

been  done  to  il 

the  governor's  1 

one  man  had  ii 

ilie  hidians  ih] 

like  the  true  oi| 

from  ilie  Indial 

liiis  land    beyrf 

bounded  hy  i-j  J 

proprietaries, 

anotlier;  this  11 

Then  the  gd 

He  said,  "  Yes 

iiig  from  Tohil 

fro/ii  me  by  ih{ 

by  the  eoui-sf!  t 

slrais;lil  course, 

"itfiiiled  to  be 

The  tiieaniii^ 
to  lay  l)(,'fbr(!  tlj 
not  intended  tc 
"oacli  iqM)ii  tjJ 
"0'  "Illy  to  maif 

'^JT  ill  mind  tl] 
country  fi-,„„ 
'•ear  in  ,,ii,„J,  ,J 


By  W.  VV.  Campbell. 


Chap.  H.] 


FRAUD!?'   OF  THE   WHITES. 


31 


trunsaclioiis  with 


yeara  since.  At  one  time,  n  party  of  a  dopntatiun  having  romuiuod  upon 
tlie  ground  eleven  dayH  alter  the  othtTH  had  trone  lionie,  were  hy  i^ind- 
nesscH  prevailed  upon  to  8i<(n  a  writing,  relincpiishing  ail  their  right  to  lands 
upon  Delaware.  TIicho  were  Indians  ot"  th»s  Six  Nations,  und  htui  di!ed«!d 
lands  on  the  Susqnehannah  just  hel'ore,  with  those  who  had  gone  home. 
Why  the  proprietors  did  not  inelude  the;  lands  on  Delaware  in  their  hrst 
deed,  when  the  deputation  were  all  togtither,  is  a  good  deal  singular,  hut 
riMiiiires  no  explanation.  Yet  etntain  it  is,  those  who  remained  un<l  gave  a 
writing  quit-elaiming  lands  on  Dtdawart;,  had  no  consideration  lor  so  doing. 
This  writing  expresses  only  that  they  inteiuled  in  the  former  deed  to  in- 
clude said  lands. 

That  the  Dtdawares  or  Chihohockies  (which  was  their  real  name)  were, 
(iiitii  some  time  suhstMiutiut  to  17'M,  entirely  independent  of  the  Jrocpiois,  is 
beyond  a  douht  true,  although,  from  sinister  motives,  there  were  those  who 
niuinti  jed  that  they  were  idways  suhject  to  them.  It  is  true,  that,  when  hy 
a  long  intercourse  with  the  whittis  they  had  lost  much  of  their  energy  and 
churarter  as  a  nation,  the  haughty  Six  Nations  found  little  dilhculty  in  sedu- 
ciiii;  some  trihes  of  them  to  join  them,  an«l  of  fonring  others  to  ohey  them.  A 
ciniiinstance  which  clearly  proves  this,  is,  that  in  the  fnst  tn^aties  of  sales 
of  laud  hy  the  Six  Nations  to  the  I'ennsylvanians,  they  did  not  presume  to 
convey  any  lands  to  the  east  of  the  som-ces  of  tlu)  streams  that  were  trih- 
utnry  to  the  Sus(]U(diannah  ;  the  assertions  of  some  of  the  speech-makers 
among  the  Six  Nations,  to  the  contrary,  how(!V(!r.* 

Tiie  celebrated  chief  Tadtuskund,  of  whom  we  have  already  8])ok(!n  in 
detail,  gave  the  following  very  pointed  account  of  the  manner  in  which  the 
whites  liad  coiulucted  in  getting  his  jieople's  lands  fraiidideiitly.  It  was  at  the 
conference  in  Easton,  in  November,  ITiitJ.  Tadtuskund  was  |)resent  as  the 
representative  of  "four  nations,"  viz.  tlu*  Chihohoiikies,  the  Wananiies,  the 
Mtinseys  and  Wapingers.  (Jovernor  Denny  nupuisted  the  Indians  to  state 
the  reasons  for  their  late  hostile  movements.  Tadeuskund :  "  I  have  not  iiir  to 
go  for  an  instance.  This  very  ground  that  is  under  me  (striking  it  with  his 
toot)  was  my  land  and  inheritantre,  and  it  is  taken  from  me  by  fraud.  [This  was 
in  t!ie  Forks  of  tlu;  Delaware.]  When  I  say  this  ground,  I  mean  all  the  land 
lying  between  Tohiccon  Creek  and  Wyoming,  on  the  lliver  Susquehannah. 
limvc  not  only  been  served  so  in  this  government,  but  the  same  thing  has 
been  done  to  lur,  as  to  several  tracts  in  New  Jersey,  over  the  river."  On 
tiie governoj-'s  asking  him  wliat  he  meant  by  fraud,  he  answered:  "When 
one  innn  had  formerly  liberty  to  purchase;  lands,  and  he  took  the  deed  from 
the  Indians  for  it,  and  then  dies;  after  his  death  his  children  forge  a  deed 
like  the  true  one,  with  the  same  Indian  names  to  it,  and  thereby  take  lands 
from  the  Indians  which  th(;y  never  sold  ;  this  is  fraud.  Also  when  one  king 
hiis  liuul  beyond  the  river,  and  anothtu*  king  has  land  on  this  side,  both 
boiMKh'd  by  rivers,  mountains  and  springs  which  cannot  be  moved  ;  and  the 
proprietaries,  greedy  to  purchase  lands,  buy  of  one  king  what  belongs  to 
another ;  this  lik(!wise  \sj'raiul" 

Then  the  governor  asked  Tadeuskund  whether  he  had  been  served  so? 
He  said,  "  Yes,  I  have  been  served  so  in  this  i)rovince  ;  all  the  land  extend- 
ing from  Tohiccon,  over  the  great  mounUiin,  to  Wyoming,  has  been  taken 
from  nie  by  fraud  ;  for  when  I  had  agreed  to  svM  land  to  the  old  proprietary, 
by  the  course  of  the  river,  the  young  proprietaries  came  and  got  it  run  by  a 
j/rai'^/it  course,  by  the  cotnpass,  and  by  that  means  took  in  double  the  quantity 
intended  to  be  sold."  \ 

The  meaning  of  l^adeuskund  will  be  fully  explained  in  what  we  are  about 
to  lay  before  the  nsadcr.  The  lands  above  the  Kittatinny  Mountains  were 
not  intended  to  be  sold  by  the  Dtdawares,  but  the;  whites  tbund  means  to  en- 
croaeh  iqion  tlietn,  and  by  tlie  aid  of  the  Irocpiois,  as  before  noted,  were  able 
not  (mly  to  nuiintain  but  to  extend  their  encroachments.  It  will  be  well  to 
bear  in  mind  that  the  lands  conveyed  to  William  Penn  in  1()85,  included  the 
country  li-oin  Duck  Creek,  or  Qiiingquingus  to  the  Kittatinny  Hills;  and  to 
bear  in  mind,  also,  how  purchases  were  made,  so  as  to  admit  of  contention  ; 


.1     I 


.^m^\ 


*  idee  Proud's  Pa.,  ii.  33-t. 


t  Ibid.  ii.  333. 


33 


INDIAN   DEED  TO  WILLIAM  PENN. 


[Book  V. 


in 


ill 


sometimes,  doul)tloss,  for  the  secret  intentiDii  of  taking  advantage,  and  nt 
otiiers  from  iiiul)ility  to  fill  (;(>rtain  blanks  in  tlie  deeds  at  the  time  tl'icy  wnr 
given.  As  for  exainpie,  when  a  tract  of  land  was  to  extcaid  in  a  (•(■itaji^ 
direction  npon  a  straight  line,  or  by  a  river,  "as  ihr  us  a  man  can  walk  in  n 
day,"  tlie  point  to  he  arrived  at  mnst  necessarily  l)e  lell  blank,  until  at  sijine 
future  time  it  siiould  he  walked.  Tiiis  manner  ol' giving  and  receiving  (|(.,.,i^ 
it  is  easy  to  see,  threw  intf)  the  hands  of  sordid  purchasers,  t^very  advantuirn 
over  the  Indians.  Jii  one  instance  they  complain  tiiat  the  "walker"  run  '"' 
another,  that  "he  walked  after  it  was  night,"  and  so  on. 

The  Indians  had  deeded  lands  in  this  way  to  H'illiam  Penn,  and  no  advan- 
tage  was  taken  on  his  i)art ;  but  when  he  was  dead,  and  others  hecatiie  pro^ 
prietors,  the  difficulties  arose,  of  which  Tadeuskund  reminded  the  wliitcH  at 
Eastoii ;  and  this  will  illustrate  what  has  just  been  given  from  his  speciji  to 
Governor  Denny  at  that  time. 

The  deed  to  fVilliam  Penn,  to  which  we  in  particular  refer,  was  given  i 
1G85,  and  ran  thus  : — 

"  This  Indknture  witnesseth,  that.  We,  PackenaJi,  JarckJian,  Sikals,  Part- 
quesott,  Jenis  Essepenauk,  Felktroy,  Hekellappan,  Econ  'is,  Maclilolut,  jMdlliconira 
kVissa  Poivey,  Indian  Kings,  Saclicjnakers,  right  owners  of  all  lands,  ijoia 
Quingquingus,  culled  Duck  Creek,  unto  Upland  called  Chester  C'reik  all 
along  by  the  west  side  of  Delaware  river,  and  so  between  the  said  creeks 
backwards  as  far  as  a  vmn  can  ride  in  two  days  with  a  horse,  lor  and  in  roii- 
sideration  of  these  ibllowing  goods  to  us  in  liand  pai<l,  and  secured  to  he 
paid,  by  William  Penn,  i)roprietary  and  governor  of  the  province  of  Penn- 
sylvania and  territories  thereof)  viz.  20  guns,  20  fathoms  match-coat  20 
fathoms  Stroudwater,  20  blankets,  20  kettles,  20  ])ounds  powder,  100  hais  of 
lead,  40  tomahawks,  100  knives,  40  i)airs  of  stockings,  1  barrel  of  htcr 
20  pounds  red  lead,  100  fathoms  wampum,  ;]0  glass  bottles,  80  pewter  >s|)0(iiii)' 
100  awl-biades,  300  tobacco  pipes,  100  hands  of  tobacco,  20  tobacco  toiii;s' 
20  steels,  300  flints,  30  pair  of  scissors,  30  cond)s,  (JO  looking-glasses,  200 
needles,  one  skipple  ^f  suit,  30  pounds  sugar,  5  gallons  molasses,  20  toburco 
boxes,  100  jews-liarps,  20  hoes,  30  gimblets,  30  wcoden  screw  boxes,  100 
string  ol"  beads. — Do  hereby  acknowledge,  &c.  given  under  our  hands,  &c, 
at  New  Castle,  second  day  of  the  eighth  month,  ItiHj." 

We  will  now  proceed  to  take  further  notice  of  Tadeuskund's  charges  at 
the  Easton  conference,  before  sj)okeii  of.  The  manner  of  Williur,i  .lllen's 
becoming  proprietor  has  been  stated.  In  1736,  deputies  from  tlio  Six 
Nations  sold  the  ])roprietor  all  the  "lands  lying  between  the  niouth  of  Siis- 
quehannah  and  Kittatinny  Hills,  extending  eastward  as  far  as  the  heads  of 
the  branches  or  springs  which  run  into  the  said  Susquehannuh."  Hence 
this  grant  did  not  interfere  at  all  with  the  lands  of  the  Delawares,  and  may 
be  urged  as  an  evidence,  that  the  Six  Nations  had  no  right  to  them  ;  for,  if 
they  had,  why  were  they  not  urged  to  sell  them  before  die  breaking  u|)  of 
the  conference  ■  and  not,  as  we  have  before  mentioned,  waited  eleven  diiys, 
until  all  the  head  men  had  gone,  and  then  to  have  got  a  release  from  the  few 
that  remained  !  It  is  therefore  very  evident  that  this  could  not  be  done  wiien 
all  were  present,  or  the  latter  course  would  not  have  been  resorted  to.  Not- 
withstanding the  proprietor  had  grasped  at  the  lands  on  Delaware,  by  a 
partial  transaction  with  a  lew  of  a  deputation,  he,  nevertheless,  soon  man- 
ifested that  he  considered  his  right  as  not  beyond  question,  by  his  assenihliiig 
th(!  Delaware  chiefs  the  next  year,  1737,  t(.  treat  further  u|)on  it.  The  luiints 
of  these  (diiefs  were  Monokijkickan,  Lappaiinnzoe,  Tishekun'.  and  JVutimus* 
At  this  conference  a  release  was  obtained  from  then),  the  preamble  of  \vhicli 
set  forth, 

"That  Tishekunk  and  JVutimiis  had,  about  three  years  before,  befiiin  a 
treaty  at  Durham  with  John  and  Tfiomcs  Penn ;  that  from  thence  another 

*  His  name  sii>-iiifie(l,  a  .itri/cer  offish  ivilh  a  spear.  Heckewelder.  He  was  generally 
called  Pontius  Nutimaeiis — an  excolleal  man,  wlio  never  drank  li()Uor.  He  was  horn  on  the 
spot  wlierc  Philadelphia  now  stands,  removed  to  Ohio  ahout  17-15,  died  on  liie  Muskingum  in 
1780,  aged  p>>ont  ido  years.  He  had  a  hrolher  who  was  called  Isaac  Nutimus,  and  like  him 
was  a  very  amiable  man,  and  died  about  the  same  time.    lb. 


CBAP-  "1 


TITLES  TO  INDIAN  LANDS. 


33 


was  given  m 


),i  it.    The  imiin'S 


meeting  was  appointed  to  be  at  Pcnnshury  tin;  next  s|)rinc:,  to  wliich  they 
ri'|)uireii  witli  Lnppawinzoe,  and  .several  utlici-s  ot"  tlie  Dulawan;  Indians ; 
tliat,  at  thi^  meeting,  several  dcieds  were  sliown  to  tiieni  for  sf-vcral  tracts  of 
laiulwliioli  their  tbrelathers  liad  more  than  50  years  ago  sold  to  William  Penn  • 
1,11(1,  in  jjarticular,  one  deed,  from  Mai/keerikkislio,  Saifhoppey  and  Tauirk- 
hnuinhse;/,  the  chiiis  or  kings  of  the  Northern  Indians  on  Delaware',  wlio  for  a 
^.eimin'(in!i"t'^y  of  goods,  had  granted  to  ft'illiam  Penn  a  tract  of  land,  hejjiii. 
iiiiiir  on  a  line  drawn  irom  a  certain  spruce-tree  on  the  River  Delaware,^  by 
;i  wcst-north-wost  course  to  Neshameny  Creek,  I'rom  thence  back  into  the 
(vooils  as  fur  as  a  man  could  go  in  a  day  and  a  lutlf,  and  bounded  on  the  west 
[iv  Neshameny,  or  the  most  westerly  branch  thereof,  so  far  as  the  said  branch 
,lotli  extend,  and  from  theiicf!  by  a  line  [blank]  to  the  utmost  extent  of  the 
j;iv  iindiialf's  walk,  and  from  tiience  [blank]  to  the  aforesaid  River  Delaware, 
Hill  .so  down  the  courses  of  the  river  to  the  first  mentioned  spruce  tree ;  and 
iliiit  tills  appeared  to  be  true  by  William  Biles  and  Joseph  Wood,  who,  upon 
ilnir  ulfirniation,  did  declare,  that  they  well  remoirdiered  the  treaty  held  by 
liie  agents  of  William  Penn  and  those  Indians ;"  "  that  they  were  now  come  to 
Philadelphia  with  their  chief  Monokyliickan,  and  several  other  old  men,  and 
ii|iiiii  a  former  treaty  lield  upon  the  same  subject,  acknowledge  themselves 
iiitistied  that  the  above  described  tract  was  granted  by  the  persons  above 
iiiciitioiied,  for  which  reason,  they  the  said  Monokyhickan,  Lappaivinzoz,  Ti- 
0unk  and  JSTviimus,  agree  to  release  to  the  jH-oprietors  all  right  to  that  tract, 
ami  desire  that  it  may  be  walked,  trr.velled,  or  gone  over  by  persons  ap- 
Dointed  for  that  purpose." 

Now  it  must  be  borne  in  mind,  that  by  former  treaties  the  Lecliay  Hills, 
which  I  take  to  mean  the  Lehigh  Moimtains,  were  to  be  the  boundaries,  in 
all  time  to  come,  on  the  north :  meanwhile  we  will  proceed  to  describe  the 
luaniier  the  land  was  walked  out,  of  which  we  have  been  speaking. 

"The  relation  wliich  Thomes  Fumiss,  sadler,  gives  concerning  the  day  and 
a  W/'sttio/A,  made  between  the  proprietors  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  Delaware 
bdiaiis,  by  James  Yeates  and  Edward MarsliaU" 

"  At  the  time  of  the  walk  I  was  a  dweller  at  Newton,  and  a  near  neighbor 
to  kmes  Yeates.  My  situation  gave  him  an  easy  opportunity  of  acquainting 
me  witii  the  time  of  setting  out,  as  it  did  me  of  hearing  the  different  senti- 
ments of  the  neighborhood  concerning  the  lualk ;  some  alleging  it  was  to  be 
miitle  by  the  river,  others  that  it  was  to  be  gone  upon  a  straight  line  from 
foinewliere  in  Wright's-town,  opposite  to  a  spruce-tree  upon  the  river's  bank, 
aid  to  be  a  boundary  to  a  former  purchase.  When  the  walkers  started  I 
ffa.>i  a  little  behind,  but  was  informed  they  proceeded  from  a  chestnut-tree 
near  the  turning  out  of  the  road  from  Durham  road  to  John  Chipman%  and 
being  on  horseback,  overtook  them  before  they  reached  Buckingham,  and  kept 
company  for  some  distance  beyond  the  Blue  Fountains,  though  not  quite  to 
the  cud  of  the  journey.  Two  Indians  attendeo,  whom  I  considered  as  depu- 
ties appointed  by  the  Delaware  natior,  to  see  the  walk  honestly  performed. 
One  of  them  repeatedly  expressed  his  dissatisfaction  therewith.  The  first 
Jay  of  the  walk,  before  we  reached  Durham  creek,  where  we  dined  in  the 
meadows  of  one  Wilson,  an  Indian  trader,  the  Indian  stiid  the  loaik  was  to 
iiave  been  made  up  the  river,  and  complaining  of  the  unfitness  of  his  shoe- 
pack.s  for  travelling  said  he  expected  Thomas  Penn  would  have  made  him  o 
present  of  some  shoes.  Atler  this  some  of  us  that  had  horses,  walked,  and 
it  the  Indians  ride  by  turns ;  yet  in  the  aflernoon  of  the  same  day,  and  soniG 
linui-s  before  sunset,  the  Indians  left  us,  having  often  called  to  Marshall  that 
al'tenioou  and  forbid  him  to  run.  At  parting  they  apjM'arcd  dissatisfied,  and 
^aill  they  would  go  no  farther  with  us ;  for  as  they  saw  the  walkers  would 
pass  all  the  good  land,  they  did  not  care  how  far  or  where  we  went  to.  It 
was  «iid  we  traveled  12  hours  the  first  day,  luid  it  being  in  the  latter  end  of 
!*epteinl)er,  or  beginning  of  October,  to  complett;  the  time,  were  obliged 
t'l  walk,  in  the  twilight.  THmothy  Smith,  tiien  sheriff  of  Bucks,  held  hia 
watch  for  some  minutes  before  we  stopped,  and  the  walkers  having  a  piece 
of  rising  ground  to  ascend,  he  called  out  to  them,  telling  the  minutes  behind, 
and  bid  tliein  pull  up,  which  they  did  so  briskly,  that,  immediately  upon  hia 
saying  the  time  was  out,  Marshall  clasped  his  arms  about  a  saplin  to  support 


.< 


.1 

i,  , ,  •>! 


f  '.  'l 


.  -    IT'V. 


'  ^4. 


34 


THE  WALKING  PURCHASE. 


[Rook  V. 


Iiimself)  and  thereupon  tlio  slicrifF  asking;  liini  what  was  tlio  matter  Im  s  "  i 
he  was  uhuost  jfonc,  and  that,  if  Ih!  had   proct-eded  alow  \H)U',h  Ciiithn-   l! 
must  have  falh'U.     We  lod<red  hi  the  woods  that  ni|i'!it,  and  hoard  tliti  sliour 
ing  of  tlie  Indians  at  a  cantico,  which  ihey  were  Kud  to  hohl  that  eveniii(r  ii' 
a  town  lianl  hy.     Next  morning  tlie  Indians  were  sent  to,  to  know  if  the' 
wouKl  accompany  us  any  lartiier,  hut  they  declined  it,  ahhough  I  hclicv 
some  o^'  them  came  to  us  hel'ore  we  started,  ami  drank  a  dram  in  tlie  con'^ 
pany,  and  tlien  straggled  oli'ahout  their  liunting  or  some  otlKTanuistMnent.  j! 
our  return  we  came  through  this  Indian  town  or  plantation,  Timothif  Sinitknn  I 
myself  riding  Ibrty  yards  more  or  less  before  the  company,  and"  as  wo  rih*. 
proached  witinn  about  150  paces  of  the  town,  the  woods  being  open,  wo  .saw 
an  Indian  take  a  gun  in  his  hand,  and  advancing  towards  us  sonio  distniicp 
j)lacod  hims(!lf  behind  a  log  that  laid  by  our  way.     Timothy  ohserviiij;  U\l 
motions,  and  being  somewhat  surprised,  as  I  apprehended,  looked  at  ino  mii  I 
asked  what  I  thought  that  Indian  meant.     1  said,  I  hoped  no  harm,  and'tlint 
I  thought  it  best  to  keep  on,  which  tlio  Indian  seeing,  arose  and  walked  iH'tbin 
us  to  the  settlement.     I  think  Smith  was  surprised,  as  I  well  remomber  I  \va« 
tiirough  a  consciousness  that  the  Indians  were  dissatisfied  with  the  walk  ■! 
thing  the  whole  company  seemed  to  be  sensible  of,  and  upon  the  way  in 
oin-  return  home,  frequently  expressed  themselves  to  that  ])urpo8e.    And 
indeed  the  unfiiirness  practised  in  the  walk,  both  in  regard  to  the  way  wlmro 
and  the  manner  how,  it  was  performed,  and  the  dissatisfaction  of  the  Luliuns 
concerning  it,  were  the  common  subjects  of  conversation  in  our  noii'libor. 
hood,  lor  some  considerable  time  after  it  was  done.     When  the  walk  wm 
performed  I  was  a  young  man  in  the  prime  of  life.     The  novelty  of  thotliinjj 
inclined  me  to  be  a  spectator,  and  as  I  liad  been  brought  u|)  most  of  my 
time  in  Burlington,  the  whole  transaction  to  me  was  a  series  of  occinTciiccs 
almost  entirely  new,  and  which  therefore,  I  apprehend,  made  the  more  strong 
and  lasthig  impression  on  my  memory. 

TTiomas  Fumiss.''^  * 

As  we  have  already  observed,  the  end  of  these  affairs  was  war.  Tlie 
Dehiwares  were  driven  back,  and  they  joined  the  French  against  the 
English. 

CHAPTER  m. 

Of  several  chiefs  spoken  of  by  Washington,  in  his  journal  of  an  embassy  to  the  Fmch 
of  Ohio — Battle  near  Great  Meudoics,  and  death  of  Jumonville — Siiingis — Moxa- 
CATOOCHA — Half-King  —  Juskakaka — White-Thunder  —  Ai.LitiuiPA— Cap- 
tain Jacobs — Hendrick — His  history — Curiovs  anecdote  of — Logan — Crcsaiis 
War — Battle  of  Point  Pleasant — Loff an' s  famous  speech — Cornstock — His  hishm 
— Red-hawk — Ellinipsico — The  barbarous  murder  of  these  three — Melandohj 
death  of  Logan — Pontiac — i  renowned  warrior — Colonel  Rog(^s's  account  of  him 
— His  policy — Fall  of  Michilimakinak — Meneiiwehna — Siege  of  Detroit— Ponti- 
ac's  stratagem  to  surprise  it — Is  discovered — Official  account  of  the  affair  tit  Bloml^ 
Bridge — Pontiac  abandons  the  siege — Becomes  the  friend  of  the  English — Is  ussas- 
sinated. 

The  expedition  of  Washington  to  the  French  on  the  Ohio,  in  1753,  brings 
to  our  records  information  of  several  chiefs  of  the  Six  Nations,  of  tlie  most 
interesting  kind.  He  was  commissioned  and  sent  as  an  ambassador  to  the 
French,  by  Governor  Dinimddie  of  Virginia.  He  kept  im  accurate  journal 
of  his  travels,  which,  on  his  return  to  Virginia,  was  published,  and,  not  lony 
after,  the  same  was  republished  in  London,  with  a  map ;  the  substance 
of  this  journal  was  copied  into  almost  every  periodical  of  importance  oi' 
that  day. 


*  Causes  of  the  Alienation  of  the  Delaware  and  Shawauese  Indians,  die,  8vo,  Lon- 
don, 1759. 


C0iP.  in.] 
sniNGis 

Alli'glinny  an 
eii  holding  a 
Loggstown,  a 
tkni  in  the 
(QUiicil,  and 
Icaine  into  t< 
kins:  was  out  i 
and  informed 
Hiessen^fer  to 
oCthe  yix  Nul 
and  a  twist  of 
[ironiised  to  d 
viti'd  Jiim  and 
about  an  hour, 
and  cotnputec] 
HP  arrived  \n 
U'illiainsburgl 
HalJ'-kiiig,  it 
Wmhiiigton  wji 
msilon  invited 
the  jmrticidars 
liiin  to  go>  and 
"tlmt  the   neai 
many  large  mi 
flionld  not  get 
travelling."    H 
lion;  that  the  '. 
which  lie  did,  Ii 
"Fathers,  I  ui 
have  declared. 
there  was  the  le 
into  eat  in  pea 
it'any  such  j)er6 
edge  of  the  dish 
sliould  get  fboli 
as  others. — No> 
coming  and  bui) 
force.— We  kin( 
HP  desired  you) 
desire  you  inayl 
this  is  our  land 
not,  we  must  h 
erous.    If  you  iJ 
lie  would   not  l) 
foinc,  liithers,  al 
ivJiat  we  cannotT 
Half-king  thi 
which,  when  \ui 
He  acquainted 
stnictfd  to  call 
to  assure  them 
of  tiieir  young 
to  wiiom  he  liac 
"In  regard  tc 

*  He  is  called  a  | 
wares  Pomoacan, 
'clicr,  or  speech,  a^ 
and  I'cmisvlvaiiia, 
VI.  M3._r  ,vill  liercl 
IS  of  opinion,  tiiat  ill 
same  belief,  allhouJ 


las  fVtniws."  * 


ians,  &c.,  8vo,  Lou- 


C0iP.  ni.]     WASHINGTON'S  JOURNEY  AMONG  THE  INDIANS. 


35 


SIIINGIS  was  tlio  first  oliiof  ho  visited,  who  lived  in  tiio  Ibrk-;  of  tJie 
j^llegliniiy  and  Monoii<,'aii<'la  Kivors,  winn-o  l*ittshin-;,'h  now  stands.  He  intmid- 
fil  holding  a  (•onncil  with  tlu;  fcUdiratcd  Hiilf-kinn:,*  already  niontioncd,  at 
LoL'gstown,  and  such  otlnu's  as  could  ho  assondihul  at  short  notice,  to  streufitlion 
llieiu  in  tho  Enf,dish  interest.  Jle  tlieretiirc!  invited  Shiniri.i  to  attend  tlio 
foiincil,  and  ho  according!  accompanied  liini  to  Loggstown.  "  \s  soon  mi 
It'uuio  into  town,"  says  fVitshm^lon,  "1  went  to  Alonakntoocha,  (as  the  UnlJ- 
iiHg- was  ont  at  his  hunting  cahin,  on  Litth;  Jieaver  Crook,  ahout  15  miles  otl',) 
aiid  inforiuod  him  hy  John  Davidson,  my  Indian  inter|)r(;tor,  that  1  was  sent  u 
jiit'ssei'g*'''  to  tho  French  gonoral,  and  was  ordered  to  call  U|)on  tho  sachems 
ot'the  Six  Nations  to  acquahit  them  with  it.  1  gav«!  him  a  string  of  wampum 
jiid  a  twist  of"  tohucco,  and  desired  him  to  send  for  tlie  halt-king,  which  he 
promised  to  do  by  a  runner  in  tlio  morning,  and  for  other  sachems.  I  in- 
vited liim  and  the  other  groat  men  prescmt  to  my  tout,  wIku-o  tiioy  stayed 
about  an  hour,  and  returned."  This  place  was  ahout  140  miles, "as  w(!  went, 
and  conijintod  it,"  says  tho  great  writer,  "from  our  hack  settlements,  whore 
flp  arrived  lietweon  sunsetting  and  dark,  the  twenty-fifth  day  after  1  left 
Wiliianisburgh," 

Half-king,  it  seems,  had,  not  long  befi^)rc,  visited  the  same  place  to  which 
fy(tshms;ton  was  now  destined;  for  as  soon  as  he  returned  to  his  town,  Wash- 
insrtoii  invited  him  privately  to  his  tent,  "and  desired  iiim  to  relate  some  of 
the  particulars  of  his  journey  to  tlu!  rronch  commandant,"  tiio  host  way  for 
Ijiiiito  go,  and  the  distance  Irom  that  ])lace.  "Jle  told  me,"  says  Washington, 
"tliat  tiie  nearest  and  lovelost  way  was  now  imjiassahle,  hy  reason  of 
many  large  miry  savannas ;  that  we  must  he  obliged  to  go  Ity  Vtuiango,  and 
should  not  get  to  the  near  Ibrt  in  less  than  five  or  six  nights'  sleep,  good 
travelling."  Half-king  fiu'ther  informed  him  that  he  met  \vith  a  cold  recep- 
lion;  that  the  French  ofticer  storidy  ordered  him  to  declare  his  business, 
which  he  did,  he  ?uid,  in  the  following  speech: — 

"Fathers,  1  am  come  to  tell  you  your  own  speeches ;  what  your  own  mouths 
have  declared.  You,  in  ibrinor  days,  set  a  silver  basin  boibre  us,  wherein 
there  was  the  leg  of  a  beaver,  and  desired  all  the;  nations  to  come  and  eat  of 
it:  to  eat  in  peace  and  i)lenty,  and  not  to  be  churlish  to  ont;  another :  and  tliJit 
if  any  such  ])ersou  should  bo  found  to  bo  a  distm-bor,  I  here  lay  down  l)y  tho 
ed^c  of  the  dish  a  rod,  which  you  must  scourge  them  with ;  and  if  your  liitlier 
shoidd  get  ibolish,  in  my  old  days,  I  desire  you  may  use  it  upon  me  as  well 
as  otiiers. — Now,  fathers,  it  is  you  who  are  the  disturl)ers  in  this  land,  by 
coming  and  building  your  towns ;  and  taking  it  away  unknown  to  us,  and  by 
force. — We  kindled  a  fire,  .•;  long  time  ago,  at  a  place;  called  Montreal,  where 
we  desired  you  to  stay,  and  not  to  come  and  intrude  upon  our  land.  I  now 
desire  you  may  despatch  to  that  place;  for,  bo  it  known  to  you,  fathers,  that 
this  is  our  land,  and  not  yours. — I  desire  you  may  hear  mo  in  civilnoss;  if 
not,  we  musi  handle  that  rod  which  was  laid  down  fbr  the  use  of  the  obstrep- 
erous. If  you  had  come  in  a  j)oaceable  manner,  like  our  brothers  the  English, 
we  would  not  have  been  against  your  trading  with  us,  as  they  do;  but  to 
come,  fathers,  and  build  houses  upon  our  land,  and  to  take  it  by  force,  is 
wliat  we  cannot  submit  to." 

Half-king  then  repeated  what  was  said  to  him  in  rejily  by  tlio  French, 
which,  when  ho  had  done,  Washington  jnade  a  s|>eecli  to  him  and  his  council. 
He  acquainted  them  witii  the  reason  of  his  visit,  and  told  them  he  was  in- 
structed to  call  upon  theiM  by  the  governor  of  Virginia,  to  advisa  with  them, 
to  assure  them  of  the  love  of  the  English,  and  to  ask  the  assistance  of  some 
of  their  young  men,  to  conduct  him  through  the  wildonu^ss,  to  the  French, 
to  whom  ho  had  a  letter  from  his  governor.     Half-king  made  this  reply : — 

"111  regard  to  what  my  brother  tho  governor  had  desired  of  me,  1  return 

*  He  is  called  a  Huron  by  Loskid,  Hist.  Missions,  iii.  123.  I  In  was  called  by  llie  Dola- 
warcs  Pomnacan,  which  in  English  means  Hweethouse.  llcckeweldei-,  Nar.  '2.35.  In  the 
IcUcr,  or  speech,  as  Washington  cMaiX  it,  which  this  chief  sent  to  llie  govcrnoru  of  Virginia 
and  Pennsylvania,  in  175 1,  his  name  is  set  down  Serunitjatlha.  See  1  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Sac, 
vi.  113.— I  will  here  note,  that  my  friend,  Jahkd  Spakks,  Esq.,  verbally  informs  me,  that  he 
is  of  opinion,  that  tills  is  not  the  same  Half-king  mentioned  ui  Loskiel.  I  am  now  of  the 
same  belief,  althougli  it  is  possible. 


III 


36 


HALF  KING.—BATTLE  NEAR  GREAT  MEADOWS.        [n„OK  y. 


sly  upon  you  as  a  brother  ou^'ht  to  do,  as  you  8uy  w*. 

leople."    "  Ikotlicr,  as  you  liavo  askt-d  uiy  iidvir,.  j 

by  it,  and  stay  until  1  can  provide  a  couiijany  to  'ro 


my 


you  this  answer."    "I  re 

are  brothers,  and  one  pe 

hope  you  will  be  ruled  L  -  ,  ^ 

with  you.    The  l-'rench  speech  belt  is  not  here ;  1  have  it  to  {.mi  (or  to 

huiuing  cabin.     Likewise  the  jjeople,  whon»  I  have  ordered  in,  are  not  vh 

come,  and  cannot  luitil  the  third  niglit  front  this;  until  which  time,  brother 

1  nnist  bcfr  you  to  stay."  ' 

When  VVasiiin{(ton  told  him  that  bis  business  would  not  admit  of  so  murh 
delay,  the  chief  seemed  displeased,  and  said  it  was  "a  matter  of  no  snwil  mo- 
ment, and  must  not  be.  entered  ivithout  due  consideration.^^  JN'rha|)s  it  will  not 
be  too  nucb,  to  give  this  Indian  chief  credit  for  sonic  of  that  character  winch 
was  so  well  exemplified  by  IVaahin^ton  in  all  bis  aller-lifo.  And  "as  I  lonnd 
it  impossible,"  says  the  narrator,  "  to  get  off',  without  affronting  them  in  the 
most  egregious  niauncr,  I  consented  to  stay."  Accordingly,  Half-kin^  "avc 
orders  to  King  SAtngiis,  who  was  present,  to  attend  on  V/ednesday  night  with 
the  wampum,  and  two  men  of  their  nation,  to  be  in  readiness  to  set  out  witji 
us  next  morning."  There  was  still  a  delay  of  another  day,  as  the  v\{wS^ 
could  not  get  in  their  wampum  and  young  men  which  were  to  be  sent ;  and 
aller  all,  but  three  chiefs  and  one  hunter  accompanied.  "  We  set  out,"  wivs 
Washington,  "  about  9  o'clock,  with  the  Half-king,  Juskakaka,*'  While-thund'fr 
and  the  hunter ;  and  travelled  on  the  road  to  Venango,  where  we  nrrivtid  the 
4th  ol"  December."  This  place  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  French  Crcpk 
with  the  Ohio.  Here  the  French  bad  a  garrison,  and  another  a  short  distaiire 
above  it,  which  was  the  extent  of  our  discoverer's  peregrinations  northward, 
The  commanders  of  these  posts  used  all  means  to  entice  Half-king  to  desert 
the  English,  and  it  was  with  great  difficulty  that  Washington  succeeded  in 
preventing  them.  Tliey  endeavored  to  weary  him  out  by  making  the  chifft 
delay  their  departure  from  day  to  day,  by  mtajis  of  liquor,  so  that  they  should 
be  left  behind.  At  length,  having  out-generalled  bis  complottcrs,  and  "jrot 
things  ready  to  set  oftj  I  sent  for  the  Half-king^''  continues  the  narrator,  "to 
know  whether  he  intended  to  go  with  us,  or  by  water.  He  told  nie  that 
White-thunder  bad  hurt  himself  much,  and  was  sick,  and  unable  to  walk; 
therefore  he  was  obliged  to  carry  him  down  in  a  canoe ; "  so,  notwithstandiiiif 
the  delays,  Washington  was  obliged  to  go  without  him  ;  but  be  cautioned  him 
strongly  against  believing  Monsieur  Joncaire's  pretensions  of  Iriendsiiip,  and 
representations  against  the  English.  Henj  ends  Washington's  account  of 
Half-king. 

And  before  closing  our  account  of  the  termination  of  Washington's  journey, 
we  will  close  our  account  of  this  chief  also.  In  1754  he  accompanied  lYaih- 
ington  in  his  excursion  to  dislodge  the  French  from  the  disputed  territorj' 
upon  the  Ohio,  and  was  his  constant  counsellor,  until  after  the  surrender  oi' 
Fort  Necessity  at  the  Great  Meadows,  on  the  4  July.  At  the  surprise  of  M, 
de  JumonvUle,  on  the  28  May  jirevious,  he  led  a  company  of  his  warriors, 
and  piloted  the  English  under  Washington  to  the  place  where  he  was  encamped, 
which  was  but  a  lew  miles  from  Great  Meadows.  Jumonville's  force  was 
small,  consisting  of  but  about  33  men.  The  night  previous  to  the  attack. 
Half-king,  who  was  encamped  six  miles  from  Great  Meadows,  having  made 
a  discovery  of  the  approach  of  the  French  force,  sent  an  express  to  Washing- 
ton, to  inform  him  that  the  French  were  discovered  in  an  obscure  retreat. 
The  colonel  immediately  marched  out  with  40  men  and  reached  Half-kingh 
quarters  a  little  before  sunrise.  A  council  was  now  held  by  the  chiefs  of  the 
parties,  and  it  was  agreed  that  the  English  and  Indians  should  march  togetlier 
and  attack  the  French.  They  marched  in  single  file  through  the  woods,  in 
the  Lidian  manner,  in  a  most  dismal  storm  of  rain  ;  and  following  tlie  track 
just  explored  by  Half-king's  spies,  soon  found  themselves  near  the  party. 
JumonvUle  was  in  a  secure  place,  half  a  mile  from  a  road,  and  surrounded 
by  rocks,  and  had  he  not  been  fallen  ujion  by  surprise,  it  is  doubtful  whether 
tlie  attacking  party  had  not  found  it  difficult  to  have  contended  successfully 

*  We  hear  again  of  this  chief  in  1794,  when,  with  58  otliers,  he  signed  a  treaty  with  the 
United  Slates  at  Fort  Stanwix.  His  name  is  there  written  Jislikaaga,  which  signified  d-grtt* 
grasshopper.    He  was  sometimes  called  Little-Billy. 


cIIimI  all  night,  "w 


Chap-  HI. 


sni.\(ilS— KU.ST.\I,0(U. 


37 


(liraiiist  liim.  Hut  not  iM'iiif,'  di^covi  red,  n'dshiiiu:!  m  irnd'  n  ^ood  disposition 
„l  Ills  iiii'ii ;  liiiiiscll"  witli  {\\i'.  Iliioji.sli  loriiicd  llii'  ri^ja  uino',  umiI  Unlf-k'nii; 
.,t  till'  lit'"'!  •••'  ll'<'  liidiMii.t,  llic  li'ii.  'I'lic  ['"rciicli  wcrr  lixiiiil  witlioiit  tlicir 
,iriiis  ill  tlicir  liaiuls,  liiit  tlicy  Ht'W  to  iht'tii,  and  ti  li;;|ii  of  .ihout  ITi  iiiiniitcr^ 
.iisiu'd.  Noiu!  of  the  parly  I'Sfapcd.  I'dmi'ii  of  tlic  I'rciicli  were  killed, 
;iiii(iii;r  ■.vlioiii  was  .)/.  </(:  Junioiivillr  ;  oni'  woiiiidrd,  and  "Jl  lal^ n  prl.-oni  rn. 
itiwhiiii^lon  lost  l>iit  out'  man,  and  two  or  tln-cc  only  wen'  \.  niuidi  d. 

Uciiow  rotiini  to  the  narrati\c  ol"  h(t.iliiiii!;lon,  w\\\v\i  \w  liad  found  il 
iiiccs,siry  ahriiplly  to  interrupt. 

lie  now  set  o!it  for  tliu  lioniicrs  with  nil  ('.\|)odition.  IFc  had,  he  sa;,s,  tin- 
.  iiKist  liitifriiiiifjr  journey  possihl"  to  coiifdivc  of  I'nmi  the  1>I  to  the  l.ltli 
Dcci'iiilu'r,  thcrt!  was  hut  oni'  day  on  which  it  did  not  rain  or  .--now  inccs- 
.iiiily;  and  throiij>h  the  whole  journey,  wc  met  witii  nolhiiiir  hnl  oni' coniin- 
iicd  sirics  of  cold,  w<>t  W(!ather." 

Tliis  expedition  of  H'itshiniiton  has  in  it  jrreat  interest,  inore  especially  from 
|ij<siip<'rior  eminence  afterwarils.  It  is  pleasini;-  to  cdnteniplate  the  '-'savior 
ol  his  country  "  ill  every  adventure  and  circumstance  of  his  lite;  and  even 
t-riitilyiiif,'  to  vi(!w  him  with  a  <;nn  in  oiu^  hand,  a  i-tatf  in  the  oiIk  r,  and  u 
j,;,ck  upon  his  liack;  wadiiif,'  throu;,di  rivers, eiicomiterinji  storms  of  sleei  ami 
.iiiiw,  iiiid  sleeping'  upon  iIh^  <rroimd,  thus  early,  for  his  country's  irood.  ||tt 
liad  some  very  narrow  escapes,  and,  diiriii;,'  |)art  of  tla;  way  on  his  return,  he 
iiiiil  liiit  one  attendant.  One  day,  as  they  were  passin<r  a  place  called  Mur- 
inms  Tdivii,  they  were  fired  upon  hy  one  of  a  war-party  of  rreiich  Indjiins, 
\.ii(i  had  ^^'aited  in  amhnsli  for  thnn ;  and  allhon^h  tiiey  W(M'(^  uilliin  lifteeii 
|i;iccs  of  him,  yet  tlmy  escajied  iinhiirl.  They  capluiitl  the  fellow  thai  fired 
11111)11  lliem,  and  kept  him  until  nine  at  nij;ht,  tiien  disniis.-ed  him,  and  trav- 
rlli'il  nil  ni{;ht,  "without  makinf,^  ««// stop,"  tearing-  tiu^y  should  h<!  pursued 
llie  next  morning  hy  his  party.  Coiitiniiing  their  course  all  the  next  day, 
ihrv  Clime  to  th(!  river  where  they  intended  to  cross.  Il(>re  the  lirniness  of 
ll'iishin!i;loii  and  his  companion  was  thoroughly  tried.  Tic  river  was  very 
lii:'li,  and  tilled  with  lloafing  ice,  and  there  was  no  way  to  pass  il  hut  h) 
Mit.  They  had  "hut  one  poor  hatchet,"  with  the  assistance  of  wliicii,  alter 
jiibdriiiif  I'ntm  morning  till  sunset,  they  had  a  rail  n^ady  I.o  lauiicii  ;  on  this 
tlii'V  si'l  out,  hut  it  was  soon  c  usImuI  Ix^tween  t\w  floating  ice,  and  they  very 
iiarniwly  escaped  jierishing.  ff'(ish!nii;lon  was  himself  precipitat'd  iiUo  the 
river,  where  tin!  water  was  ton  feet  de((p.  l"'ortuiiati'ly,  iiowcver,  ii<'  catched 
bva  fnigineiit  of  the  raft,  and  saved  himself!  They  finally  exlriialed  tliem- 
schcs  li-oni  their  pcrrilons  situation,  hy  getting  upon  the  ici-  which  conlined 
llirir  fniil  hark,  and  from  thence  to  an  island,  and  finally  to  the  opjiosile  shore. 
Tliucold  was  so  intense,  that  Mr.  Gi.tl  fro/i;  his  hands  and  liiet.  This  place 
na.<(i!)i)Ut  tlivee  miles  helow  the  mouth  of  the  V'ohogany,  where  an  Indian 
iliiccii,  as  ff'itskiiisrfon  calls  her,  lived.  He  went  to  see;  her,  h«!  ohserves,  she 
liiiviiij;' '-expressed  gr.'at  concern  that  we  passed  her  in  going  to  the  |l)rt.  1 
i:i;i(li!  lier  a  firesent  of  a  watcii  coat,  and  a  hottle  of  rnm,  which  latter  was 
tlimij.'lit  much  tin;  hest  present  of  the  two."  Her  iiuine  was  ./iUiqitippa.  From 
this  iilace,  he  ])ursurd  his  journey  home  without  further  accident. 

\V(>  Jiave  mentioned  the  fnendly  attention  of". S7n';(gw  to  our  adventiinM-,  who 
h;i(i  |Mol»ahly  expected  he  would  have  attended  him  on  his  journey  ;  hut  Slu'n- 
?w  went  to  collect  in  his  men,  and  did  not  return.  The  Indians  said  it  was 
mviiijr  to  the  sickness  of  his  wife,  hut  iraskms;lon  thought  it  was  fear  of  tlie 
French,  which  previMited  him.  JJut  this  conjecture  does  not  seem  well 
ti)iiii(l('(l,  for  111!  onlered  Kusl(tlo<j;n,  who  lived  at  Venango,  to  proceed  to  the 
i'liinch  and  return  the  waminim,  which  was  as  much  as  to  tell  them  they 
wIsIkmI  no  further  fellowship  with  them. 

The  massacres  which  followed  Brnddock's  defeat  were  horriltle  hcyond 
ilcseii|>iii)n.  Shingis  and  Captain  Jacobs  were  supposed  to  have  heeii  the 
|iriiici|i;d  instigators  of  tiiem,  and  700  dollars  were  offered  for  their  lajads.f 
Cii|itiiiii  JiKobs  did  not  long  escap;-,  although  the  reward  did  not  hasten  his 
end.  The  hostile  Indians  had  their  lieud-quurters  at  Kitanning  on  the  yvlleghu- 

*  Sparks's  Writings  of  Washington,  il.  451,  452. 
t   Wat    rt's  Auualsofriiiladelphia,  460. 


•    :•       5.'  '    I    '"irltji 
, '  I    |-.  '1  ».-«.J«''JI|4<l 


M.  w 


11 

■m 

■  ^f^ft 

& 

M 

KITTANNINfJ   DI'STHOYKD— DKATH  OF  ('APT.  JACOIi.s,    [p. 


><>K    V 


ny  River,  41  iiiili's  nliovo  itn  confliiniiMMvitli  tins  iM<iiir>n>:nliclii.    Here  tin 
rrtiptl  wiili  llirii'  |iri.s()iirrs  nml  linoty  nWt'V  tlii-ir  cxitnlitioii.s  into  t||,.  ] 


In  I7.'>ii,  (/'oldiM'l  Jiiliii  .//v/iW/vuiir  wiiH  si-Ill    v\illi  iiliiiiit  :{()()  iiH 


riiiiliij. 


tarmiMf,'.     "On  M   Si'|)IcmiI>  r  lir  jnincil  llir   iKKfiiirrd   |mriy  iit  il 
J)iiiiis,  iii-nr  l''riink^t<i\vii ;  iiiul  on  llic  7ili  in  llic  rvi  nin;.',  Iicinj,'  within  ( 
of  KitinininL',  iIk'  sfimts  discdvi  ri'd  a  lire  in  tlir  roiid,  iind  rciinricd  llmt  il 
were  lint  M  or  at  niont  I  Indians  at  it.     It  was  not   lliunj^dit   |iro|iiT  to  atlr 


n'-n  aiiiiiii.^i   |^, 

"'  '!rim  I 
ill  'i  luilcs 


sin*|irisin 


tl 


icni,  as  It  nil'' 


M  h 


means  of  alai°min<j:  the  loun,  ii 


llcnie  l/ieiili'iiant  lloiT'J,  withalile  ol"  \'i,  men, wii 


s  oi'drri'il  I 


iii|it 
iiiiy  sill, 111, I 

o  Uiilrl, 

iiiiiiiii:'. 


llieiii,  while  the  main  hoily  pre -did  tu  the  immediaie  vieiniiy  of  Kit 

The  nii'lit  III  iiiir  warm,  many  ol'  tin-  Iniliiins  lodged  in  a  eornlield  n|iiiii  tl"i' 
mar:;in  ol'  the  river,  aliont  KM)  rods  hi  lo'.v  the  town.  Here  at  day-hrmk  lln' 
attaeU  ln'^jaii.  Several  Indians  were  killed  in  the  tield,and  the  town  was  in, 
mrdiatrly  entered.  As  they  advanced,  ( 'ajitaiii  .l.\eoiis  save  the  war  wliuipn 
relired  to  his  lo^r-i-aiiin,  and  lu'linded  liiniseir  with  ^reat  lira\  cry.  Iii..ni|,|| 
liy  his  iiitreiiiilily,  his  men  reliisid  qiiartr-r,  sayii 


l\ 


l,r 


<■  (//■(•  intii,  (inil  irill 


/" 


i.tDiK  r.i,' 


'The  whiti  s  lieinu  iinalde  to  drive  tliem   from  lluir 


"0/ 


('(doiiel  .IrmslroiiiC  ordrred  tin  se  to  he  set  on  lln 


■m   irom  iiuir  wiawiiins 
At  the  same  timi'  ln'  n. 
reived  a  mnskrt-sliot  in  the  shoulder.    "  When  the  Imlians  wen'  told  that  tl 
would  he  hnrnt  il'they  did  not  snneiider,  one  of  them  replied,  hr  iliil  nut 
as  III-  could  kill  I  i>r  .")  hijhrr  liv  illcl,"     When  the  lire  a|»|H-oaeli(\|  iIiimm 
hefraii   to  siiiii',  and  others  hnrst  from  their  houses,  and  were  killed  in  i| 


MIIIH' 


It'll 


fli<.'lit.  l'a|itain  Jarolis,  when  di  ll'iiee  eonld  no  longer  avail  him,  endi'iiviiri'i 
to  escape,  with  his  wili",  thoii^di  a  window  ol'liis  honse.  This  was  his  last  ni't 
— he  wuskIioI  down, and  his  wile  idso.  A  lad,  called  the  h'l'ms^s  Sou,  was  killid 
with  them.     As  at  Nerifrwuk,  many  were  killed   in  the  river  as  they  llnl. 

lare  annsnnil 
ii'at, 


The  Indians  were  said  to  have  laid  their  honses  stored  with  s| 


nmmnnition  :  for,  when  they  wi-re  hnrnt  up,  their  f,Miiisdiscliarj;ed  rroin  ihc  | 


and  (pianlities  of  powder  hiew  up  from  time  to  time,  which  threw  snini' nf 
their  hodies  to  a  great  heij,dit  in  the  air.  I'.leveii  prisoners  were  rcenvercd  at  this 
time,  who  informed  their  deliverers  that  a  great  ((iiantity  of  "roods  was  also 
eonsnmed,  which  had  hnt  ten  days  hefnre  heeii  sent  them  hy  the  rrcmli ;  ninl 
that  the  Indians  had  hoasted  that  they  luid  powder  enoiiirli  fir  a  ten  years' wfir 
w!th  the  Kiifrlisli.  They  also  learned  that  the  party  which  Lieiileiiant  //»(r_r 
Iiad  hecn  left  to  watch,  instead  of  heing  hnt  I{  or  4,  consistcid  of  'il  wanims, 
who  wi  re  on  their  way  to  attack  Tort  Shirley,  having  hecn  sent  liirward  In 
Ca|)lain  ^(rfo/Af,  while  lie  was  to  have  followed  with  a  strong  tiirce  tluMiiu 
(lay.  I  fence  the  fati^  of  the  lieutenant's  party  was  suspected.  On  ri  tiiinin^i 
to  the  place.  Colonel  .Irmslroii^  Itniiid  that  liieiiti  naiit  lloii-ij;  had  alluckril  iln 
Indians  at  great  disadvantnjfc,  in  point  of  inimh  rs,  and  had  hreii  drliiit.il, 
liinisi'll'nnd  Captain  Mercer  (altcrwards  (icm  ral  Mircir,  who  fell  at  rriiici'tiiii) 
severely  wonnii'd.     .At  the  first  fire  //ogg'.'?  party  killed  '.\  of  the  liu'iaiis,  wim, 


nrter  maintaining  tin;  fight  tiir  an   hour,  kill.il   hut  .'5  of  the  wl 
heinjr  iio%v  womidetl,  was  ahaiidinied  hv  his  nn'ii,  hnt  was  liatiinat' 


iu< 


//. 


cniiiii;li  til 


les  ol  siHii;' 


he  tiinnd  hy  the  army.*  It  Avas  at  this  period,  that  the  deail  1  oii 
that  had  heiii  mnnhred  and  mangleil  wen;  sent  I'niii  the  fronlK'rs  to  I'liihi- 
del|)hia,  and  hauled  ahoiit  the  wrreits,  to  inliani;'  the  peoph;  against  the 
Indians,  and  also  a<;ainst  the  Cinak«!rH,  to  whose  mild  forhearance 


was 


;,ttiili- 


iiti'd   a   laxity  in   sending  out  troops.     The   inoh  snrrounihd   the;  lioiisi' 
nsHinilily,  having  placed  the  dead  hodies  at  its  eiilranc(>,  and  deinandi'il  i 


iiiei! 


It'  sui 


cor.     At  this  time  the  ahove  resvard  was  ofl'ered. 


Mr.  //(x/rc(wV/fr  knew  .SVitng/s,  or,  as  he  wroie  his  name,  iS'/M'ng«s7r.f  iind 
gave  him  a  good  cliaraet'T.  lie  was  hrother  to  Kinir-hciver,  and  in  ilie  I'Vriu'h 
war  was  considert d  the  greatest  Indian  warrior  of  the  day.  lie  was  a  t.'iror 
to  the  whole  frontier  of  Pennsylvania.  "  Passing  one  day  willi  liini,"  says  Mr, 
Ileckeweldi'r,  "in  the  simimer  of  I7()'2,  near  hy  whir:'  hi.s  two  iirisoiicr  liii\s 
(ahout  I'i  years  of  age)  were  amusing  thems;lves  wiili  his  own  hiijs,  and  he 
ohs'rving  mo  looking  that  way,  iniinirrd  what  I  was  looking  at.  On  my 
replying  that  1  was  looking  at  his  prisoners,  he  said,  When  I  first  took  them 


•  Coll.  N.  Y.  Hist.  Si>c.  iii.  398- 
t  Level,  or  Bog-treadow, 


3  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  iv.  298—9. 


rmr.  Ill  J 

lliry  ictrc  Mich  ; 

mill  the  .siiiiic  how 

wi'iv  nil  an  eipia 

.il'siiiall  stature,  t 

Till'  wile  of  tin 

.{in'tahility  ;   .iiid 

jiiiil  iiilermeni,  i\f 

III  liie  lime  of  I 

/:  I'nsI  to  the  dihl 

;iiiii  is  often  made 

Ills  iiilvanlage.     'J 

ilii'  close  of  I7.")l-i, 

III'  writes,  "We  s  I 

,i\\  (lie  road   .S'/z/'/ii;' 

lliat  if'  he  came  ti 

i'li'iit  reward  f!ir 

liii';;iitti'ii  and  wijn 

tilt  Ddiilil,  who  h; 

lias  said,  intirrup 

Iiiiii.'  sliii'ies,"  aiK 

liirallillg  the  Cher 

iDi'iliral.'d,  ii — d  ( 

riKiil  that  was  kille 

III  r  liarsh  e.xpro.S! 

I,.' .-aid." 

.)lr.  /'ost  diiii'd  v 
lihii,  liiat  although 
bl  never  tlioiii;ht 
uiii'i's  as  were  hroi 
about  a  peace,  and 
jieare  altfo, 

AlilKiiigh  tli(!  iia 
lliat  of  Ca|ifaiii  Jar 
I'.jiriiir  of  his  time, 
liinii  an  int(>i 

Henilrir/i  was  a 
Mii'ii,  against  tin; 
liy  the  deti'at  of  ( 
;ili  lii'fiire  tin  m 
Mimit,  and  met 
;il  Lake  (Jeorge. 
wiii'k,  their  scouts 
l«|ily  of  Indians 
IHIIidms  of  Massac 
liiirs,  to  give  them 
iiiicxp  ^'tedly.  Col 
"tlii  >cs  and  pri\ate 
iwat  precipitation 
liillfiwcd  closely,  il 
fiitiiiii,  fi-oiii  thV  , 
llii'y  soon  recovc 
;iilvantage  not  only 
At  length  the  hrav 
Hi;.'  terrified  at  ih 
"oods,  and  the  rei-' 
dill  ill  great  disonit 
Ijiiiisolf  hy  the  stun 

*  For  wliicli  see 
t  l{i'|iiiiile(l  ill  •• 

}  //.r/,nr<'/,/,v'i'  ; 
$  'I'lii.'  Kiiglisli  lo>, 
II  Ibid. 


■Sting 


I 


n 


I 
lo 


ai 
Iir 


I'll  If' 


III 


SHI.Nfil.S.— IIKNDUICK. 


39 


llic\  icm  ^^ll(•Il ;  lint  iIh\  iin- now  /;n/ cliildnii ;  cut  tli  ir  vii-lnals  oiU  of  oiio 
uiiii  ill!'  minif  liowll  wliicli  whm  .sixin"-  jis  innrli  ii.s,  tlial  liny,  in  nil  n'«i|ii  rts, 
«i.|c  III!  nil  i'<|iial  lodtinjfwilli  Am oi<';i  rliildrm—alilvc  dear  til  li'nii."    'i'li(in"li 


>iiiii 


II  stalnrc,  ilir  .<anir  antiior  < 


iiisi  r\(  s,  m 


had 


II  ui'i  al  iiiiiiu 


on 


Till' wili' (iftliis  clii 'I' di,  d  in  i7ii'i.  Slir  wa- <if  the  lii;jliisi  rank  and  i 
.nci'taliiliiN  ;  and  lilt'  i-rn'iniinit's  at  iirr  I'niirral,  and  nianiicr  nl'  dci-iirali 
{iiiil  iiitcrniciil,  dt'sciiliril  licrc,  would  orcii|iy  M'\rral  pajrcs.' 

Ill  liic  liiiH'  oftlic  I'rcncli  war,  wlicn  tlic  ^'ovcriior  of  IN  '  iiHyivania  i^ciit  C, 
I'.  I'd.il  to  till-  distant  Irilds  to  pci-iiadi'  lliciii  lioni  aidiiiir  ilic  I'liiicii,  incii- 
;iiiii  isot'ti'ii  made  in  llif  joiniial  which  he  kr|ii,t  of.S7(i/i/i-i,f,  and  iiiiil<inid,\  to 
Ills  iiil\aiita;;c.  'J'lic  KcNciciid  .Mr.  /'o,-;/ |icrl(irnicd  two  missions,  tiic  liivl  at 
i|ii.  close  of  l/oH,  and  llic  second  in  I?.')!!,  I'ndcr  dale  of  t2H  .\ll^ll^l,  l/oS, 
|ii.  writes. '-Wc  s  t  out  froui  SawciinU  in  coiniiany  with  "iO,  Hir  Kiishi-nshkcc ; 
,,ii  ilic  roail  »S7/i'/iiC«.s'  addressed  iiiniseif  to  iiie,  and  asked,  if  I  did  not  think, 
iliiit  if  lie  caiiic  to  liie  iln^lish  tlicv  woi.'d  liaii":  liiin,  as  llic\  had  oireicd  a 


■at  reward   liir  liis  he; 


J  told   hini  that   was  a  ''lent  whiii'  a;;o,  'twas 


liiriTdtiiii  and  wijicd  away  now."'  An  Indian  in  the  coiii|iaiiy,  called  Slutmo- 
liin  Ddiiirl,  who  had  iii'cn  tampered  with  iiy  the  l''rencli,  imder.-laiidin;:  what 
\wis  said,  interrupted  and  saiii,  '^  Don't  helieve  him,  he  tidls  iiothiii;.^  lint  idle 
Iviiiir  stories,"  and  a-^ked,  "Why  then  did  the  lln-ilish  hire  |-i()()  Indiaim 
liiiir  the  ('lieroUcis|  to  kill  ii.s?"    M\:  I'asI  iirotestiii;.'  it  was  lalse, /Adijc/ 


IIIIMI 


ijti'iat 'il,  (i — d  d — n  _\on  for  a  fool  ;  did  you  not  see  liie  \Miniaii  i\iii;;  in  Ih 
iltliat  was  killed   hy  the  Indians  that  the    i;ii;.disli    hired!-"     .\ll«  r  a   few 
r  iiaisli  expressions,  Sliini:;is  told  him  to  In;  still,  for  he  did  not  know  what 


f 


r-ti , 


m 


.V  » 


4' 


Mr.  I'osl  liined  with  .S7n';(i,W.9  on  liie  'J!t  Aiifjiist,  at  wliicli  time  iieohsi  r\  id  to 
liiiii,  that  altlioii<;ii  the  Mn^lish  had  oil!  red  a  ^real  reward  for  liis  head,  \ct  Ikj 
|i:i,|  never  thoimht  to  i-e\('iii;e  himsellj  lint  was  .always  \(r\  kind  lo  such  piis- 


(i!n  rs  a 


s  were  liroti;.''lit   in,  and   that   he  would  <lo  all  in   his  po\\<  r  to  iiri 


^iX 


Diit  a  peace,  and  wished  la;  could  1)0  siiro  the  l'!n<5lis!i  were  in  earnest  for 


|iei 


■iu't'  also. 


Vlllidiigli  the  namo  of  Sliini^is  lias  not  freiicrally  lieen  as  conspicnoiis  us 
lliiil  of  Cajitaiii  ./(/co/w,  yet  he  is  Haid  to  liavi-  l)een"tlie  jjr,  .;tesl  IK  lawaro 
V,  jir.nr  of  his  time,"  and  that,  "were  his  war  exploits  on  record,  ihey  would 


lorn 


an  interestiii<r  dociiiiient,  thoiifjh  a  slioidiin;^  one."  ] 


Ikiiilrirl;  was  a  fialliint  Mohawk  cliiei;  who  took  part,  wiih  many  of  his 
null,  iijiiiinst  iIk?  French,  in  the  year  17").").  'I'lie  I'rencli  wcir  enconra^'f^d 
by  the  defeat  of  (Jeneral  Jimildurl;,  and  were  in  liij.',li  expectation  of  carryiiif^ 
nil  lieliire  tin  m.  Ilcndrici;  joined  the  ICnjjlisli  army  at  tin.'  reipiest  of  (ieiier.al 
Jiihnson,  and  met  the  I'^rench,  coiisistinu'  of '2000  men,  under  (ieneral  Dicsliim 


III  liiike  (ieorji:<'.     While  the  I'lii'dish  and  Indian 


s  were  encampci 


I   in 


a  s 


liiiht 


wiiik,  their  scouts  hroiiiiht  news  of  the  approach  of  the  French,  with  a  jrreat 
liiiily  of  Indians  upon  their  (liiiiks.  (ieneral  Jalmson  despatched  Coloncd 
Hiflinms  of  Massachusetts,  with  1000  men,  and  Htmlrirk  with  '-200  of  his  war- 
riors, to  f;iv(!  them  hattle  ;  hut  fidliiiii'  in  with  them  ahoiit  llnir  miles  from  camp 
i:iic\|i  L-tedly,  Colonels  liillidins  tmd  Jfcndrirk  were  killed,  witii  many  other 
(itli(,i-sand  pri\atesof  the  detaclmieiit.  The  rest  f.  -d  lo  the  main  hody  with 
L'iciit  |)r('ci|»itatioii,  infiisiiifi-  consternation  into  the  w hole  army.'^^  The  I'rench 
liilldwcd  closely,  and  poured  in  a  trenunidoiis  tire,  which  did  very  little  o.\e- 
fiitioii,  from  the  jirccaiititui  of  the  Iwijilish  in  lidliii^'  Hat  upon  their  iiu'cs. 
Thi'y  soon  recovered  li'om  tiieir  surjiris:',  and  Hm^ht  with  hravery,  liavinj^ 
ailviiiitajre  not  only  in  numbers,  !»iit  artillery,  of  which  the  French  had  noiie.|| 
At  l('Mi;tli  the  brave  IJicskim  was  wouiidod  in  the  thi'^li,  and  his  Indians,  lu;- 
iiifT  terrified  at  the  havoc  made  by  the  cannon  of  tiie  Fiiglish,  tied  to  the 
"oods,  and  the  regulars  were  ordered  to  retreat  by  their  <reiieral,  whiidi  they 
dill  ill  p'eat  disonier.  (J.'iieral  Dicskau  was  fouiul  in  the  i)iirsuit,  siipportiiifi; 
Lmisclf  by  the  stump  of  u  tree.     Siip|)osiiig  plunder  to  be  the  first  objeet  ot" 

*  For  wliicli  sec  IIcrhnicAili'r\s  Hist.  liid.  Nations,  2()  t,  &,c. 

t  Ki'iiiliiU'il  in  ••  Tlic  Causi's  ofttii-  Alinuttioii,"  &cc.,  and  Frond's  Pa.,  vol.  2d. 

{  lIn-ki'iii-lil,T\  .Niin-Mlivc,  (it. 

^  'I'Ik.'  Kaiilisli  lo.il  abivjl  2tX)  ill  this  ambush.     Guthrie's  Universal  History,  x.  1)4. 

II  Ibid, 


H  i«' 


10 


u,;ni)Uu  u— Kii.i..  I)  IN  iiAi  ri.i:.— A.NKCDoTr. 


(n.)OK  V 


hm  «-ii|)t()rH,  iiH  lie  vMis  uitt'iii|iliii^  to  draw  liiH  wntcli  In  itn-Nint  tu  i| 
oiii',  Hii|t|iusiiif  liiiM  In  Im'  fcmrlijii;:  lor  IiIm  ihmIoI,  ilisclinio,  d  i,,, 
llJH  lii|>r<.      .Not\\illi.-iiiiiiiiiii;;    lie  \mis   thus   luiii-    wniiiiilid.  hr   li\i,|  t^ 


ii'iii,  •'I 


IIIC 


«    I'i'licli 


l''.ii;:'laiiil,  liiit  hr  ilic'il  snoii  iilirr.     'I'lii-  ri'iiirli  liisi  r'iH)  niiii  in  tin-  iiitiirls 

NN  lini  <i'(ii<'nil  Jnhnsim  wiim  iilioiit  lo  ilrtncli  ( 'oloiii  I  U  illiiniin.  \h'  iis|^,  ,1 
Hmth-irk's  o|iiiiioii,  w  lirtlnr  Ilic  lid'i-ii  wiirt  HiiHicii'lit.  'I'o  wliicli  hr  |-,.|,|,,,|| 
"  If  Hull  If  IT  liijiitlit,  Uiijl  HIT  Ido/iir.  l/'llii'l  I'll  '"  '"'  kHIrd,  I  hi  if  it,r  Im,  ,,,  ,„,.•! 
Andwh  II  it  WHS  |irii|in«nl  to  div  iih- the  (hliirhnn'iit  inli)  tlni  p  |».'iit^,  //j ',. 
In'ii;  (ilijct  !r(|,  imil  l<nriltl_\  lo  csiin'ss  ihr  iiii|ir;inic,iliilii\  i,\'  thr  |i|;ii,,  iiickcil 


ii|i  Ihi'i't   sink-,  iiiitl,  |iiit!in^'  llii'Mi  inL'i'lh 


lid  to  Ihf  V"  ii'Tiil,  ••  ) 


nil    nil' 


llii\l< 


M  I'lll-i  1(1 


//((//   lliisf  riiiinol  hf  iitHlli/  hrijlifii  ;  hill   liikr  lliiniinii    hi/  iinr,  miil  iloii  iniiii  l„ink 
l/iiiii  III  (i/i'f'."     lint   Iroiii  this  Mihiidilr  loiiiisi  I  \*r\  litth-  iidvaiitiiun 
have  linn  th-rivcd. 

If  VMis  r('|i(irtcil   lit  fhr  liiii  '.  that  MH  ol"  lliiiilriik\i  iiirii  wi  ic    kilhd.  .'iinl  j-) 

■      il\  ini|. 


^^^Mlld^d.'      i'tw   liisluiiaiis  innilion   the  loss  ol' tin-  Indians;  |ii'nhal 
sidcrin^' lin'iii  as  iiiuM>rlh\  ol' r<  roi-d  !     f^iicli  historians  wj/n/  Injhriculli  n,     \t 
least,  thi\  raniiot  ixptct  to  pass  iiinlcr  that  iiaiiic  in  anotlar  a^T. 

Tin-  Iniliaiis  nrrc   ^ircatlv  I'vasprratcd   n;:aiiiHt  tln>  Krcnrli,  "  h\  ilic  di  ,it|| 


ol"  tlic  laiiioiis  Ifnidrlfli,"  sa\s  the  saiiii'  \vi  iter,  "ii  rcnounci 


Ind 


laii  w.Miriur 


a  I  lion  jr  I  III'  Mdliawks,  and  one  ol' tlii'ir  sarh'ins,  or  kiiiiis,  w  ho  wji-  >liiin  in  i| 
lialllr,  aiidSvliosr  son.  upon   licini.';  told   lluil  his  liilhrr  was   Ixilji'd,  vi\ 
ii^iial    In.lian    <rroaii  upon  siirli  on-asinns,  and  siiddriily  |<n<iiii;r  his   hainl  i<ii 
his  Irt'l  lircast,  sw(>ri>  his  Itithcr  was  still  alive  in  tliat  place,  and  slond  || 


■IMl,;.'  III,. 


II  ri'  III 


llli' 


I  ;iii 


his  son:  thai  ii  was  with  ilie  ntniost  dillienltv,  (Jeiiend  Johnson  pnveiiird 
(iiry  ol'their  resentnieni  takiiii:  plae.'  o.i  the  |iod_\  ol'ihc  I'leiicli  i'eiu  i'(i|."'+ 

As  soim  as  the  hatlle  was  o\fr,  the  Indians  dispersed  tlieiiisel\es  in  Mirjdi. 
rlireciiims,  with  the  trophies  of  vii-ioiy;  some  to  their  lionies,  to  (•(iiKJuji. 
with  the  I'lieiids  ol'ihe  slain,  and  some  lo  the  l".n;jli>li,  to  earry  the  welctm.i. 
news  ot'victory.  The  dilli'i'mi  riiiiiiers  lirotmht  into  Alhaiiy  ahove  HII  srihs 
within  a  very  short  time  iiller  the  liiiht.t  And  thus  we  are  iiniiishcd  \\\\\ 
early  rri'nrd  ot' the  wretched  eiistoiii  \".  Iiicli  app' ar-^  to  have  lui  i  i'n-i^ 
and  actually  encoiira<.'e(l  li\  all  who  lia\e  employed  the  Indians  , is  aiixiJi;.  :s 
ill  war.  Indeed  to  employ  them,  was  to  eiupioy  tlieir  |iriictiies — ilr  v  \M'ie 
inseparahle.  To  t.-ilk,  as  some  have  iloiie,  ol' eiiiphn  in;;- them,  ami  piVv,iit. 
in;,'  their  harhanuis  ciistoiiiM  with  iho  iinrorlunati!  fupiives,  all  e.xpciii'u.e 
shows,  is  hilt  lo  (iilk  one  thin;,'  and  mean  another. 

Soon  alier  Sii'  lt'illiii:ii  Johnson  ent<'ied  n|ion  his  duties  as  Hiipcrintciulpiii 
of  Indian  aliiiirs  in  .\orth  America,  he  received  from  lliiifland  soit  ,<  ricllv 
"iiibroidered  suits  of  clothes.  Hinilrirk  was  present  when  they  wciv  iv. 
cei\('d,  and  could  not  help  expres.-in^  a  ^reaf  desire  liir  a  share  in  tliciii.  Ik' 
wi-nt  away  \ery  tlioiiulitfni,  lint  retnrned  iioi  loii^'  after,  and  called  upon  >;ir 
ftilliiini,  and  told  him  he  had  dreamed  a  dn-am.  {Sir  hilliitm  very  ciiii- 
cornedlv  desired   to  know  what   it   was.     HcniMrk    as  readily  told  liim   In. 


I)!;d  dreamed  that   Sir  If'illi 


ahnson 


new  suits  of  miit()rm 


liad   pn  seiited   him   with  one  m 


r  Hillutm  could  not  refuse  it,  and  one  of  die  cl 


suits  was  forthwith  presented  to  Hrnilrirk,  who  went  away  to  show  hi 
present  to  iiis  coiintrymen,  and  letl  Sir  ff'ilUitm  to  fell  the  joke  to  his  fniinl' 
Some  time  atlor,  i!ie  treiieral  mot   Itvniirirk,  and  told  him  he  had  dniiincil  i 


dream.     Wl'ether  tla 


•hem  mistrusted  that  he  was  now  to  he  taken  in 


own    ict,  or  iK't,  is  not  C(>rtiiiii :  hut  he  seriously  di'slred  to  know  w  liat  it 


as  :-ir 


// 


itiir 


liii 


d  (lone  hefort;.     'J'lie  general  said  he  (Ireamed  tliat  /A 


( iiilri'' 


had  presented  him  with  a  certain  triict  of  land,  which  he  descrihed.  (coiimM- 
inn:  ot' about  .IflO  acres  of  the  most  valuable  land  in  the  valley  ol'tlie  .Moliiwk 
I{iver.)  Hiiulrirk  answered,  "  It  is  i/onrs  ;  "  biit,  shaking'  liis  head,  said,  "Sir 
mHinm  Johnson,  I  will  never  dream  with  you  asjain." 

John  R'onknpol,  a  Stockbrid^^e  Iiidiim,  was  ^'randso'i  to  Hendrirk,  aiul  h' 
informs  us  tlait  his  ^'randlather  was  .son  of  the  ff'olf,  a  iMohe^fan  cliict;  luid 
that  his  mother  was  a  Molia\vk.§  Keyereiid  liiikon  Hairlc;/,  in  a  It  ttcr  to 
Governor  Hiilchinson  (1770)  about  the  Marslip(!c  Indians,  hiis  this  passiiiiv: 


f^»^^••^  ATitrnzinr  for  17.05. 


^  CoU 


U 


nut.  So 


t  Ibid. 


IMd. 


r..       (n.H.K  V 


t    til  lIlI'MI,  Sllllll! 
<l     III'*   ii\l\\     illlll 

li\i  il   III   ri'iirli 

II  ilii'  iiltiti'k. 
'liiinis.  III-  a.|si  il 
liirli  111'  fi  |>!'ii|| 

ii'i  r    |>.ill-.  Iluh 
llif  |il;in,  |iick(i| 

ll,  •■   )illl    l<lr  iiiiir 

III  ijiiu  mil II  lii-Kili 
iimiiijri'  M  riiw  1(1 

!•«•  killiil.  mill  \'i 

s ;  |ii'iiliiilil\  iiiii- 

liv  furii-iiUi  ll,    Al 

■Il,  "liy  thr  ili.itli 
ll  liiiliiin  NMiii'iiir 
II  \\ii^  >liiiii  ill  ||,(> 
klllril,  L'i\ii,L'  llm 
in;;  Ills  liiiiiii  ijii 

lllll   Sllliul  till  I'l'  ill 

Hon  i>n\riiti'il  ilii; 
riicli  !.'i'iiri'iil."+ 
iisiUcs  ill  vtiridi  ■ 
lOllirS,  til  Ciiliilnic 
•arry  tlic  wrliiiii.i' 
ly  aiidVi'  f^O  si';'!i  s 
i'lirnif'lii'ti  «illi  iiii 

ilVi'  111  el    iii-l'  II  ll. 

liiiiis  ii>  aiisilii,  1  s 
irtii'v>— ill  )  \.i'lt! 
(•111.  JUliI  lU'lV.  lil- 
t's, all  cxiKM'iciii'e 

lis  Hiiiu'riiitcmlrm 
iirlaiiil  sdi!  >>  ricLly 
icii  tlii'V  were  r.'- 
liarc  ill  tliiMii.    II.' 
ml  cnllt'tl  iipoii  >\t 
hilliitiii  vi'i-y  I'on- 
idiiy  tiild  liiiii  ln' 
in  with  Olio  ot"  !i^ 
UUI'  dl'llli'  t'lcpii.t 
iway  to   Mmw  l:',s 
j(iU"«'  to  liis  iVii ml-. 
ill'  liiid  (Irciiiiicili'. 
V  til  lit"  taken  in  lii^ 
)  know  wlial  it  WHS, 
aiiu'il  lliiit  llimlrl-k 
dcscrilit'il.  (iiin'i>'- 
ley  of  till'  .Moliiwk 
lis"  head,  said,  "f^i' 

o  Henilrirk,  uml  li'' 

Molu'iraii  fliit'f.  mill 

„'/(!/,  ill  il  1''"'''  '» 

!,  lilis  this  liussugc: 

;  IMil. 


/ 


xli 


hWU 


*   (!'•:■'.  .\T'tT;(t:ini-  for  1755. 
^  Cull  Mass.  ilisl.  Sue. 


t  Ibid. 


II.kI. 


II.IJ. 


/ 


////^;////  ^7/  ////. 


//  //  ///// 


^y^/  <^///. ;.// 


/^  ^/ 


///'../      /,v//  y  ///  /^, 


/  -V/  '////,  ,  /,  ,/ 


■,    i  i. 


Chap.  Ill] 


".AiiKiii^f  Joh 
tril)t',  wIkmi  X 
sister  dl"  tlicii 
Sidckliridfrt', 
\nWr  *  Wv 
Ijiti^an  ■Wilt 
III'  till'  (Vyiiffi 
,ilili'  (Iffrrcc  t( 
jijiilialtl,',  Ills  .' 
liiiliiiiiN.  For 
ill  iiiiy  nation, 
uliirli  elided 
rb'd  tin-  Crie 
mil  stnenil  o| 

.iiJlllW.       Ill   till 

Oliio  l{i\'er,):  V 
Mitleiiieiits.  ' 
Iniliiiiis,  as  tJK 
Ulieeliiij,'  ("r('« 
ilii'iv  wen;  t\V( 
III  Idiiiriiijr  to  t! 
il\i('i',  altlioiif; 

priic led  and 

yiiiii'  Indians  v 
!ii>  |i:irty  iiiiino 
tlii'iiiselve.s  trie 
.11  rii('<ini|)  still 
liilliiui'd,  attack 
uiiiiiid  'd  l»v   til 
uviv  sliiin.  ■  'J 'I  I 
.'iiiicli  as  tlio  \vl 
Sxiii  alter  tlii 
')///»'/  (inallinl 
iiiii.|);i'iy  of  liK 
:ii  ill:'  sii.ie  ,)!),( 
i':iiii|iiiiriif.     y\ 
^'l■^'ted  llicnisc 
ilit'i'iver  ami   v 
ill'  liiiiiid  lliey  \\ 
lii'iiiiis,  liaviii;.'' 
;"!i'fiveii<rcd  oi 
in.  iMilil  a  s(|ii.iu 
^:.■^l  r/((iii/al  tlii- 


;iiilili'(ell(i\v  iiivi 
iliis  liriiij;'  a  |»a 
jimy.  (I.  'TImx 
llii'  "iiite  settle 
"iiird  'reil,  i  .xcc 
;iiiil  liis  sis.er,  \\ 
Tlie  reiiiainii 
ftn'ii,;:,M't  dU"  t\v 

^ImiI",    \V,  n;    fii 

;i;i>i(i,ic|i.    Not  I 

i^l  I'll  illlll    Wdllll 

I'i.'H'i'  M;iy  !>4lii, 

'  ('■<!.  .1/,/vy.  ///,, 

,'   '■  III  lIll-  IllOlltll 

">''<  (roiii  s'niic 

^'■}'^'^»'i    I II     illl.llIC 

Nol('<.  '2'.'.') (i. 

i  VmH  puhlivli,.,! 

4» 


Chap.  HI] 


LOGAN.— CIIESAP'S  MURDiniS. 


41 


"AiiHiiifr  Johnsoii's  IMoliiiwks,  Jihmhnm  iiiid  Uvndrkk  wcrii  lli«  oldest  of  tlioir 
irilu',  wluMi  tlicy  died,  and  nciilicr  of  tlii'in  vas  70,  at  tiicir  dcailis.  J  saw  a 
(.istcr  of  tlicirs  in  I7(i"»,  who  appeared  to  he  several  years  alxive  70.  At 
fiiockltrid/Jie,  Captain  Kunkiifiot  was  for  many  years  the  (ddesi  man  in  hiH 
trilit.'."*     W(!  Iiave  now  come  to  one  of  tlie  most  noted  eliieis  in  hufiaii  story. 

Lnjfnn  ^vas  called  a  iMin<ro  f  flfn'f,  whose  liither,  Slilkclllmns,  was  chief 
,,1'tlie  ("tiyn^ias,  whom  he  sncceedtMl.  Slilkvlllinit.f  was  altaehed  in  a  n  niark- 
iijiii'  (le;free  to  the  henevolent  Janus  fji)i>;iin,  from  which  circnmsiimce,  it  is 
inoliiihl.',  his  son  boriHus  name.  The  nanu^  is  siill  perpetnated  amonj.'  the 
|ll(liim^<.  l''or  mafj;nanimity  in  war,  and  frreatnessol'soid  in  peace,  li-w,  if  any, 
jiijiiiy  nation,  ever  surpassed  Lo!>;<tii.  Me  took  no  part  in  tlie  French  wars 
uhirli  ended  in  17(!0,  except  that  of  a  |teacemaker ;  was  always  acknowl- 
,. I:;c(l  the  friend  ol"  the  whit(!  people,  until  tiie  year  177-J,  when  his  hrclher 
,111(1  several  others  ol"  his  (inniiy  were  inurdei-ed,  the  particulars  ol'wiiich 
,ii||(i\v.  In  th<!  spring  of  177-4,  some  Indians  rohhed  the  people  upon  the 
Ohio  |{ivcr,|  who  were  in  that  country  e.\|)lorim!-  (he  laiuls,  and  prepariiifT  for 
.iHlciiients.  Thesi!  Ian(l-jid)l)ers  were  alarmed  at  this  hostili^  carriajic  ol'the 
liiiliiiiis,  as  they  considered  it,  and  <'ollected  themselves  at  a  pl.-u-e  called 
Wlii'i'linjj  ("reek,  the  siit^  on  which  W'lieeliiiir  is  now  hifilt,  and,  learning  that 
i|i,iri'  \ver(!  two  Indians  on  tin;  river  a  littler  ahove,  one  (,'aplain  Michael  i'lrsnp, 
Irldiiiriiig  to  the  ex|dorinir  party,  jtroposed  to  tidl  upon  and  kill  them.  Ilia 
,|\ici',  althoiijih  opposed  at  lirsi,  was  followed,  and  a  parly  led  l»y  Crcsap 
|iiiH('i'(led  and  killed  the  two  Indians.  The  sanu'  day,  it  being  reported  that 
MHiic  Indians  were  discovered  ludow  Wheeling  ujion  the  river,  Cresap  and 
iii>  |):iity  iimnediately  rnarch(ul  to  the  ]>lace,  and  at  lirst  a|)peared  to  show 
thi'iiisclves  friendly,  and  suflered  tlu;  Indians  to  pass  hy  them  unmolested, 
;,i  ciicaini*  still  lower  down,  at  the  mouth  of  (irave  (^rin-k.  Crcsap  soon 
lojliiui  (I,  attacked  and  killed  several  of  them,  having  one  of  his  own  men 
woiiiul '(I  by  the  fire  of  the  Jndians.  Here  som(>  of  tla;  (amily  of  Lo'^an 
u,  IV  slain.  'J'he  circumstance  of  the  affair  was  exceeding  aggravating,  inas- 
iiiiicli  as  the  \\\\\Hm^  pnitnded  )w  provocatiini. 

SiMiii  after  this,  some  other  monsters  in  human  s'lape,  at  Avliose  head  were 
Ihnld  (jlirath')iist'  and  one  Toinliusoii,  committed  a  horrid  murder  upon  a 
iiiii.|)a'iy  ol"  Indians  about  tliirty  niil's  abose  Wheeling,  (liralliousc  n  sided 
ulllii' sii.ie  place,  I)wt  in  li"  .)pi>osit<!  side  of  th(!  ri\(!r  from  tht;  Indian  en- 
(■;iin|iiiieiit.  A  |)arty  oi' tidrty-two  men  wenM-ollected  for  this  object,  who 
ti'ci'tcd  thenis(dves,  whiln  (Ireallimuie,  under  a  prt  tence  of  fricuidsliip,  (;rossed 
ilii'i'lvcr  and  visited  tla^m,  to  ascertain  their  strength;  on  counting  tiiem, 
111' liiiind  they  weri' too  nniiK^rons  Cor  his  liirce  in  an  open  attack.  These 
iiiiliaiis,  having  heard  of  tla;  late  murder  of  their  relations,  had  deiermincd 
lo  I);' avenged  of  the  whites,  and  Grenlluwic  did  not  know  ili;!  danger  lit;  was 
ill,  until  a  s(piaw  advised  him  of  it,  in  a  friendly  caution,  'Mo  go  home."  Tho 
sail  ri|iiifal  tliis  poor  woman  m"t  with  will  presently  appear.  This  abomi- 
iiiilili'li'lli  \v  invited  the  Indians  to  com*;  over  the  riv*  rand  drink  rum  witii  him; 
this  lii'iiig  a  part  of  his  |»lot  to  separat(!  them,  tiiat  they  might  be  the  easi  rde- 
slioyrd.  The  opportunity  soon  offered  :  a  number  b  'ingcollrctedat  a  tavern  in 
the  white;  settlement,  and  considtiiably  intoxicated,  were  lid!en  upon,  and  all 
iiiiiid  n;il,  I  xce|»t  a  littl-  girl.  Among  tli.;  nnirdered  was  a  brother  of  Lo<j;nn, 
mill  his  sis. er,  whose  (I'licate  sitii.ition  <;fcaily  aggrasited   the   horrid   crimt!. 

Tlic  rcinaining  Indians,  u|)on  the  othi'r  side  ot"  the,  rivi  r,  on  hearing  the 
liiiiiir,  set  oil"  two  cano's  with  armed  warriors,  who,  as  they  approaidied  tiie 
hliiif,  w.  re  fired  upon  by  the  whites,  who  lay  concealed,  awaiting  their 
ai'iHimcli.  Nothing  |)reV(Mil«ul  their  taking  deadly  aim,  und  nauiv  were 
kilril  iiiiil  wounded,  and  tla;  rest  wer(!  obliged  to  n;turn.  This  affiir  took 
|iliici'  M;iv  '2\\\t,  I774.§     These  were  the  (svents  that  liu!  to  a  honid   Indian 


'  r./.  ,l/,rvy.  ///s7.  Snr.  'X  i.  l")!. 

t   lA/);/!'-'.  Mmiiiirs,  Mmpiiu  or  Iroqiins  nil  iiieail  tiip  sniiic. 

!  ••  III  llii-  inoiilli  ol'  April,  I77I-,  a  iimi  r  Wiis  clrcohili'd,  I  lint  llii 
iiiirsi's  Iriiiii  soiiii-   hiiiil-joMicrs  uii   lln^  Oli'o  iiii 

hiivliii;  I II    aildiict'd,   loiiil   lo   llio    coiiclii.sioi 

Nohs.  '2'.',)— (I, 

5  Fuels  piilili^lifl  in  Jefferson's  Notes. 


bi'liiiiis  JKni  sioliMi  sovorat 
Ki'iiliukv  Kivri-,  ;  MO  cv  iiii-iiccvs  of  the  Carl 
llidl  iIlo   ri'i'orl   wus   I'alsc;,"      Doddridge'* 


►* 


••■   t  <d 


mk  ^  ''Mm 


12 


LOr.AN— SAVES  TIIK   I.IFE  OF  A   CAPTIVE. 


[Book  v. 


aiiii 


thcv 


II  IIk; 

u> 


war,  in  whicli   tnany  iniUMMMit  liitnilios  worn  sncrificod  to  satisfy  tlio  i 
ail  iiicciisrrl  and  mjurccl  pcojilc. 

A  calm  i()ll()\\i'(|  tin  Hc  tioiililcs,  liiit  it  was  only  snrli  ns  frocs  ln'iopc  tl 
storm,  and  lasti'd  only  wliild  tlir  tocsin  of  war  con'ld  Ik-  sf)nnd('(i  aimin"- tl"^ 
distant  Indians.     On'tln-  Vi  Jidy,  1771,  Lniraii,  M  \hv  head  of  a  small  pjut'^ 
of  only  cij^'lit  warriors,  strncK  a  hlow  on  sonic  iiiliahitants  npon  tlic  >liiski  ' 
gum,  wiici-c  no  one  expected  it.     Jlc  liad   Icit  the  sctilcnicnts  on  t|,,.  (ji  • 
undistnrlicd,  wliicii  every  ono  sn|t|)oscd  would  lie  tlio  first  attacked  in  i-<[ 
of  war,  and  licncc  the  reason  of  his  jireat  succ(;sses.     His  fnst  an;;ek  \v  ■ 
upon  tlirer  men  wlioAvcre  |)nllini,'  flax  in  a  field.     One  was  slmt  down 
the  two  otlicrs  taken.     Tlicse  were  marched    into  the  wildennss   aii(' 
they   a|iproMc|ird  the    Indian  town,   Lnscitn  jravc;   the  scalji  halloo    aia 
were  met  hy  llie  inhabitants,  who  cdndiicted  them  in.     l{nnnin<>'  tlie  .r;iiii|(i 
was  next  to  he  ])erfornie(l.     Ijos;itn  took  no  deli<.'ht  in  tortures,  and  liein 
most   friendly  manner   instructed   one  of  the   captives  how  to   |)r()ee((| 
escape  the  severities  of  th(>  gantlet.     This  same  captivi;,  whose  name 
Kol/iiisou,  \\n!^  afterwards  sentenced  to  he  hiirned ;  hot   /iOi^v/H,  tlioiiirh  not 
able  to  rescue  hini  by  his  eloipienee,  with  his  own   hand  cut  the  ccrds  tlmi 
bound  him  to  the  stake,  and  caused  )iim  to  be  adojjtr-d  into  an  Indian  liunilv 
IJe  Ix'came  allerwards  Ijo'^idi's  scriiie,  and  wrot(>  the  letter  that  was  tied  lo";, 
war  clnb,  tin;  particnlars  of  which  wo  sliall  relate  farther  onward. 

There  was  a  chief  among  the  Hhawanese  mort;  renowned  as  a  Witninr 
than  even  Loirnn  himself  at  this  time.  COHNSTCX^K  *  was  his  name,  jiiul 
to  him  seems  to  have  fiilien  tiie  chief  direction  of  the  war  that  wjis'nrnv 
bogim  ;  the  caiiS!  s  ol'  which  were  doubtless  owing  to  the  ontrages  alniKlv 
detailed,  committed  by  Cresap  and  Grenthoiise,  but  there  can  he  hut  littli'  if 
any  doubt,  that  the  several  trilies  engaged  in  it,  had  each  been  sntiicicntlv 
injured  to  justiiy  their  participation  also.  The  liistory  of  tlie  iminler  o}' 
linlil  Eiiith'  is  more  than  siitticicMit  to  account  lor  tin;  jmrt  ai-ted  I)v  the  Dily. 
wares.  What  tiiis  man  had  been  in  his  younger  days  is  unknown  to  liis'on 
but  at  this  time  iui  was  an  old  inoffensive  J)elaware  ciiiei;  wiio  waiiilcn'ii 
harmlessly  tip  .iiid  down  among  the  whitos,  visiting  those  most  freijiicnilv 
who  would  entertain  him  liest.  Having  been  on  a  visit  to  the  fort  at  tlii' 
mouth  of  Kanhawa,  hf>  was  ni(!t,  as  he  was  ascending  alone  upon  the  ri\,  r 
in  his  canoe,  l)y  a  man,  who,  it  is  said,  had  siiH'ered  much  lioni  the  liiili;;!is. 
It  was  in  the  evening,  and  whether  any  tiling  happened  to  justiiy  violence  on 
the  |*art  oi'  either,  we  have  no  evidence,  but  certain  it  is,  tlie  wliite  man 
killed  the  cliii  f"  and  scalped  him,  and,  to  give  his  ahominahle  crime  i  nh- 
licity,  set  ti:e  (lead  body  ujiright  in  (lie  canoe,  and  in  this  niaiiner  ciiiis  ,|  ji 
to  drift  down  the  river,  wh(>re  it  was  iieheld  by  many  as  it  |)asseil  il;(ii;. 
From  the  appearance  of  the  old  cliiefj  no  one  siispecti  d  lie  was  deiid,  liiit 
vei"y  naturally  concluded  he  was  U|)on  one  of  his  ordinary  visit".  The  iniih 
of  the  i;ffiiir,  however,  soon  got  to  his  nation,  and  they  (piickly  avowed  wu- 
geance  for  the  outrage,  f 

The  Virginia  l(!gislature  Avas  in  session  when  the  nevs  of  an  Indian  \v:ir 
was  receivcid  at  tlie  seat  of  government,  (jovernor  .'/iinmnre.  inmieiliiui  !\ 
gave  orders  for  the  assembling  of  liQOO  men  ;  one  half  of  whom  wen'  to 
march  foi  the  month  of  the  great  Kanhawu  under  the  command  of  (jleiiml 
Andrew  Le.uns,\  and  the  nunainder,  under  the  governor  in  person,  wiis  ki 
proceed  to  some  point  on  the  Ohio,  aliove  the  former,  in  order  to  fill  ii|iiu: 
the  Indian  towns  between,  while  the  warriors  should  be  drawn  ofl'  liy  tin 
up[n'oac!i  of  L''wis  in  the  opposite  direction.  He  was  then  to  proceed  down 
the  Ohio,  and  form  a  junction  with  (Jeneral  L'-im  at  Point  IMuasunt,  liom 
whence  they  were  to  march  according  to  clrcuMstanccs. 


•  (iriiernlly  wrilleii  (^nrnstalk,  Iml  in  oiir  oldest  printed  .icronnl,  it  is  ns  in  llio  text.  'I'Ihtc 
is  110  liari-i  in  clianifing  lliu  oillio^ra|)liy  ol'  a  word,  wiioii  we  uac  il  lor  a  proper  iiislcaJ  nl'  a 
common  siilislantive. 

t  M'CtinnT. 

I  His  rank  was  llint  of  colonol,  liut,  liciii^  commaiuler-in-oliiof  ofthal  division,  \va<  |)r(ipprly 
call'.'ii  !>oneral,  10  disUn!;ui:ih  liiiii  from  liis  brulhur,  who  wus  ul8o  a  colonel,  and  us  li.uiiig 
the  ciiief  coinmiuid. 


ClIAP.  III.] 

On  the    11 

1100  men,  (unn 
tlin  Great  Kanl 
less  wilderness 
the  nearest    ]>r, 
horses,  and  the] 
'laving  arriv(: 
I'oiiiiiienced    on 
anxiety  to  get  st 
of  this  time,  n« 
i';nii|)  ill   tii(>   m 
I'scaped  tile  rifli 
tliiit  an  attack  w 
(li'iT  limit,  and  c 
was  shot  down, 
|inrted  "that  he 
as  closely  as  the; 
I'lioii  iliis  into 
his  pipe,"  I  gave 
his  cv  .  regimei 
iioitre  the  eneni) 
Tlicst!  marched 
the  Indians   into 
hetv/een  sun's  r 
began.    The  V^in 
or  whatever  else 
and  put  them  to  I 
Ibriii,  and  being,  i 
fell  mortally  won 
chief  was  not  jn 
Colonel  Field  wit 
limitless  into  act 
cheeked  the  inijicl 
r.'tn;;it  Ixdiind  a 
loiistriict  from 
Tlie  point  of 
Iiiiliatis'  hreastwo 
best  that  could  Ix; 
Virifiiiiaii  coii'd  Ji; 
the  ri\('r  to  pnu' 
iijiex  of  the  triaiii 
Never  was  gron 
with  noprecipitaii 
ion  under  Lewis 
at  the  same  mom 
thmngli  his  lefl  w 
C'^t  eooliii'ss  and 
lose  an  inch  of 
tlii'iii  and  the  rive 
llmt  .'ladjiist  defe; 
tlie  lia'tiiiK!  of  th 
a;;aiii  woiiiided,1 
and  Colonel  Field 


^  Al  snii-risc,  Huh 
-A  lililo  aflcr  suiiris 
Wil'iiTu,  127. 

II  III-  walked  into  c. 

11  Mr.  ,W'r;/„„.sa 
Mr.  U,/V.-.vsays  he 
Ulroiiktes,  130. 

*•  Jiurk,  iii.  394. 


ClIAP.  Ill] 


LOGAN.— BATTLE  OF  POINT  PLEASANT. 


48 


I     t3  . 


Oil  tlic  11  ftnptomher,  tlio  forcos  iiiider  (J(!!icriil  Ijeiris,  aiiioiintiiij^  to 
1100  men,  (•oiiiiiuwiccd  their  iiimcli  liuiii  (."aiii|)  riiioii  lor  J'oint  Pleasant  on 
the  (jfi'eiit  Kanliiiway,  distant  KiO  iiiih^s.  'J'Ik;  country  lutwccn  was  a  track- 
less wilderness.  TIk^  army  was  piloted  l>y  Captain  Midthcw  .h-hitclde,  l»y 
tlie  nearest  practical»l(>  route.  The  l)a<,'gage  was  all  transported  on  paek- 
liorses,  and  their  m:u"cli  took  up  1!)  days.* 

Having  arrived  tiu^n!  upon  the  last  day  of' the  month,  an  encampment  was 
roimiieiieed  on  the  lirst  of  Octohcr.  lien;  (iciieral  Jjciois  waited  wil' 
anxiety  to  get  some  tidings  of  Diinmorv,  [hv  eight  or  nine  days.  At  the  end 
of  this  time,  no  prospect  of  a  junction  ajipcariiig,  n<!vvs  was  brought  into 
(.;iiii|i  in  th(!  morning  of  the;  10  Octolicr,  hy  one  of  two  persons  who  had 
i-scaped  the  rifles  of  a  great  hody  of  Indians  aitoiit  two  miles  up  tin;  Ohio, 
that  an  attack  would  he  iminediatcly  made.  These  two  men  wen'  iiiion  a 
(li.in- liiiMt,  and  eaiiK!  upon  the  Indians  without  oliscrviiig  them,  when  one 
uiis  shot  down,  and  the  otluM- escap(!(l  to  the  camp  with  ditlicnity.  I [e  re- 
ported "that  he  had  seen  a  hody  of  the  enemy,  covering  (()ur  acres  of  groiinil, 
as  closely  as  they  could  stand  hy  tlit;  sido  of  each  other."  f 

(■|i()ii  this  iiitelligence,  (ieneral  Lewis,  "after  having  deliberntely  lighted 
Ills  pipe," I  gave  orders  to  his  brother,  ("oloiiel  Chdrles  Lnvis,  to  inarch  with 
his  :  .  regiment,  and  another  under  (Jolonel  Hilliain  Fk'iiilii''  ;o  recoii- 
iinitre  the  eiuimy,  while  he  |)nt  tin;  remainder  in  a  posture  to  support  them. 
These  marched  without  loss  of  time,  and  about  400  ]  anis  from  camp  met 
the  IiKiiaiis  intent  upon  the  same  object.  Their  minting  was  somewhere 
betveen  sun's  rising  and  sun  an  hour  liigli,§  and  the  tight  in  a  moment 
bcpm.  The  Virginians,  like  their  opponents,  covered  themselves  with  trees 
or  whatever  else  offered,  but  the  latt(!r  wer-i,  more  than  a  match  lor  them, 
ami  put  them  to  flight  with  great  slaughter,  ''olonel  Lewis  was  in  full  uiii- 
lorni,  and  being,  from  the  nature  of  his  I'uies,  exposed  at  (wery  point,  soon 
fell  mortally  wounded.||  There  was  no  result  for  whi<"li  the  commander-in- 
fhicf  was  not  i)repared ;  for  at  this  critical  moment  he  had  ordertul  uj) 
Colonel  Field  with  his  regiment,  which,  coming  with  great  resolution  and 
tiriMiiess  into  action,  .saved  the  two  retreating  regiments,  and  efliictnally 
cheeked  the  ini|.ctiiosity  of  the  Indians,  who,  in  their  turn,  were  obligeil  to 
r'tHNit  behind  a  rough  bniastwork,  which  they  had  taken  the  precaution  to 
loiistnict  from  logs  and  brush  for  the  occasion. 

The  jioiiit  of  land  on  which  \\\v  battle  was  fought  was  narrow,  and  the 
Indians' breastwork  extended  from  river  to  river  :  their  plan  of  attack  was  the 
best  that  could  be  conceived  ;  ibr  in  tiie  event  of  victory  on  their  part,  not  a 
Vir!,'iiiian  eou!d  iiave  escapetl.  Tluiy  had  stationeil  men  on  both  sides  of 
the  river  to  prev.'nt  any  that  might  attempt  flight  by  ssviminiiig  from  tho 
iijiex  of  the  trijmgle  madi;  by  the  confluence  of  the  two  rivers. 

\('V(;r  was  ground  maintaiiUHl  with  more  obstinacy  ;  lor  it  was  slowly,  and 
with  no  precipitancy,  that  the  Indians  retired  to  their  breastwork.  Tin;  divis- 
ion under  /y(!im  was  first  broken,  altiioiigii  that  under  Flemimi;  was  nearly 
attiiesame  moment  attacked.  This  heroic  oflicer  first  received  two  balls 
through  his  lell  wrist,  but  continued  to  ex<!rcisc  his  command  with  the  great- 
est eooliii'ss  and  presenc<!  of  mind.  His  voice  was  continually  h(!ard,  "Don't 
lose  an  inch  of  ground.  Advance  outflank  the  enemy,  and  get  between 
tluMii  and  the  river."  Jiiit  his  men  were  aixuit  to  be  oiitllaiikefl  by  the  body 
that  iuul  just  defeated  Lewis;  meanwhile  t!ie  arrival  of  ('olonel  iVcW  turned 
the  fortune  of  the  day,  but  not  without  a  seven;  loss;  (yolonel  Fleming  was 
ajjuiii  wounded,1[  by  ii  shot  tiiroiigh  the  lungs  ;**  yet  he  would  not  retire, 
aiul  Colonel  Field  was  kilhid  as  he  was  leading  on  bis  men. 


.n 


DoHdriilzr.  290. 


t    Withers,  126. 


t    M'CllWrr,^.].^ 


Ai  siiii-risc,  /f«r^,iii  393. — Sun  an  hour  high,  lioijal  Anifr.  Magnrinfjfor  i\orp,nlipr  1774. 
after  sunrise,  Doddridge,  231. — 'I'lio  sun  was  just  rising,  M'Clung,  3--. — Ssuniisc, 


-A  hull 
Wifirr.i,  127. 

II  111'  walked  into  camp,  and  expired  in  iiis  own  tent.     Doddridge. 

t  .Mr  ;)/'C/ijn:>- says  lie  was  killed,  l)ul  we  cannot  find  any  ainhority  to  ai^ree  wilii  him. 
Mr.  H'lV'ic'-.v  says  he  was  "  aii  active  governor  of  Virginia  during  ilie  rovolutionaiy  war." 
t7ii-o;ii(7e.v,  130. 

••  Hark,  iii.  3iJ4, 


44 


LOGAN.— BATTLE  OF  POINT  PLEASANT. 


[Rook  V 


The  wliold  litio  of  tlio  hn-astwork  now  bccaiiK!  ns  a  lila/p  of  fire  wl  i .} 
lasted  nearly  till  tiu!  close  of  the  day.  Il«'re  the  Indians  under  hoirnn,  fvlr  ' 
storl;,  l-llii)!j)slru,  Ued-En^lc,  and  other  nii;.dity  chiefs  of  '  trihes  of  ii 
Jrrhawaiii'se,  Delawares,  Miiijjocs,  W'yandois  and  ("ayniras,  .i.'onnlin"-  jis  «• 
su|>|iosed,  to  l.'iOO  warriors,  t()ii;,dit,  as  men  will  ever  do  liir  ihcir  coiiin,.,'' , 
wrongs,  with  v  bravery  which  conid  only  he  e(|ualled.  The  voice  df  o  , 
inifihty  Curnslock  wna  otlen  heard  din-inj;  the  day,  above  the  din  of  .siri|i. 
callinir  on  his  men  in  tlK'si-  words:  "  IJe  strong!  I>e  siron;,^!"  And  when  Iv 
the  repeated  char},'es  of  the  whites,  some  of  his  wai'riors  hefian  to  wavi'r  lie 
is  said  to  have  sunk  ins  tomahawk  into  the  liead  of  one  who  was  cowiinjjv 
ond(N'ivorinfi'  to  de.-^ert. 

(Jeneral  Arim,  finding,' at  leiifrth  that  every  charire  upon  the  lines  of  |||(. 
Indians  lessened  the  nninber  of  his  forces  to  an  alarminij-  deiri-ce,  imd  iiiriit|, 
juduiny  that  if  the  Inilians  Ascre  not  routed  before^  it  wa;.  dark,  a  duv  (jI' 
more  doubt  nfij;ht  follow,  he  resolved  to  throw  a  body,  if  possible,  imn  \\^f.\,. 
rear.  As  tire  "jood  fortune  of  the  \'irj,dnians  tin-ned,  the  bank  of  tlu!  river 
favored  this  pioject,  and  t<»rthwith  three  companies  were;  detached  niiiin  ili,. 
(enterprise,  under  the  three  captiiins,  Imuc  Slidhii,  (a(t(>rwards  renowned  ia 
ilie  revolution,  and  since  in  the  war  with  Canada,)  llt'onxc  Miiltlicifs,-  jukI 
Joliii  Slcuiirt.  These  companies  ijot  unobsei'ved  to  tin  ir  place;  ol'  deslinntjin, 
U|ion  Crooked  Cn  ek,  which  runs  into  the  Kanhawa.f  From  the  hiirh  weeds 
upon  the  banks  of  this  little  stream,  they  rushed  upon  the  backs  of  tjie 
Indians  with  such  fury,  as  to  drive  them  from  th(>ir  works  with  iii-eei|iitaiii)ii. 
The  d;iy  was  now  decidcMl.  The  Indians,  thus  lies(>t  fi'om  a  ipiarier  tiiev  did 
not  e.\i»ect,  were  ready  to  conclude  thiit  a  reinforcement  had  arrived.  It 
was  about  sun  -et  when  they  fled  across  the  Ohio,  and  inuntMliately  took  up 
tli(!ir  march  l<)r  their  towns  on  the  Scioto. 

As  is  cotmnon,  in  reviewing  ])ast  events,  we  find  much  difli'rcnee  nf 
opiiuon  in  re^'ard  to  many  of  tin;  iacts;  the  loss  of  the  whites  in  this  \m\\o 
is  very  variously  stated,  but  that  of  the  Indians  no  om;  has  presumed  to  set 
down  but  by  iid'erence.  T'Ik;  morifini;:  aller  the  battle.  Colonel  Cliiistiun^ 
inarched  to  th(!  battl(!-<rroiuid ;  where  his  men  li)un(l  and  scalpedv^  'H  ef 
their  dead,  and  \2  others  were  Ibimd  in  places  where  they  were  jtlaced  fei' 
concealment ;  that  many  were  also  thrown  into  th<!  river  is  said  to  lia\c  heen 
at  the  time  known.  Jn  an  account  publisbi'd  at  the  time,  it  is  set  down  tluit 
t\w  killed  of  the  Virginians  \v<'re  "Col.  Chnrles  Lewis,  Alajor  Jolni  /'iV'i/, 
Capt.  John  Mnrmif,  Roheii  Mr  Cleiitclum,  Sdinui!  Ifitsov,  J.uuis  U'nnI,  bient. 
Hugh  .llkn,  Ensigns,  CV»af/i/^j  Jittker,  ami  14  |)rivates;"  making  the  wlnjjo 
nunduT  of  the  killed  5.").  "  Wounded,  Captain  /F.  Flemivi!;,  since  dead, 
Y.  Dicliin.son,  Thnmts  lilurjbr.l,  John  Stidmati,  Lieiits.  (joodnutn,  Robison, 
Ldxuh  I'dnnis,  and  7!>  Privates  ;  "  making  in  all  87  wounded.  We  are  aw.in' 
that  iii.ither  the  names  or  luunluirs  a<;ree  with  accounts  since  |ud)iislied,  liiit 
we  lia\e  t.ikeii  the  above;  Irom  th«!  Royal  American  Magazine,  wliieli  wis 
published  i\n'.  following  month  at  IJoston,  into  which  it  seems  to  have  iiucii 
copied  li-om  a  Philadelphia  ])rint.|| 

'i'liere  was  a  kind  of  .stratagem  used  by  the  whiles  in  this  battle  wliich 
rcnfu'ds  us  of  that  jn-aetised  al  the  Pawtucket  fight,  ndated  in  Pouk  111.  of 
our  history.  The  soldiers  in  (Colonel  /Yemiog"'.?  regiment  would  (•eiiccnl 
themselves  behind  a  tree  or  some  other  shelt"r,  and  then  lio!d  out  their  li;iis 
from  behind,  which  the  Indians  seeing,  would  mistakt;  as  covering  the  iicads 


*  Prolial'lv  the  same  who  was  a  roloiiel  in  Iho  Virpinia  line  (iiiriiig  llie  revoliilioii.  ami 
once  ;i  |iri>()iier.     See  Coiitin.  liurk,  107,  .358,  also  Willuns,  1;!0. 

t    Wilhcrs,  127. 

\  lie  wiis  iiol  present  at  tlie  fight,  bill  arrived  willi  a  reitiforcenieiil,  wiiicli  he  had  riuscl 
from  lloUloM,  iiimu'dial('iy  after  il  was  over.  It  was  this  force,  il  is  sii|i|)(i-.('(l,  ili.ii  iln; 
Lidiaiis  e.\|)e('le(l  wore  surrouiiiliiig  diem  in  die  lear.  Tliey  were  sai<l  lo  have  lioiii  ac- 
qiiainled  uidi  all  circiimslaiices  conMeeled  widi  the  operations  of  the  Virginians. 

6   Roijid  Amcr.  Mn"inti)ie  (or  November,  1774. 

II  Ur.  DiKlitriils".  2.51,  sets  down  die  killed  al  7.'>,  and  the  wonndcd  al  MO.  nml  lio  i*, 
donbdess,  .Mr.  Withi-rs's  aiidiorily,  who  says  die  same.  His  list  of  killed  nml  woiindi'd  arc 
also  verbatim  Irom  Doddridfre.  Uiir/c,  who  wrolt;  Iwculy  years  before  cidicr,  agrees  will) 
Uie  Kotjal  Anieiican  Magazine  very  nearly. 


Chap.  Ilf.J 

of  their  (wieini 
Indian  woidd  i 
>iire  death  ii-on 
Tlic  chief  oj 
iA\\  '-prime  ril 
ivcrc  prineipall 
■vaU',  and  /i-oi, 
iii'iilsfo  escape 
iicre  not  |)erlt'c 
iiilo  two  part.s,  1 
iiitlic  nevolutioi 

.rnlillgs.  His  j 
"lalillli-  with  (i*r| 
iiilic  know  II  i|,,-| 
\.  ictiirc!,  no  c(j 
iii.«Io]-ian  tiiirk,* 

lijllllC  piU'pOSf!   ( 

iMiiicnce  and  rej 
Hit  liicfs  lo  wari 
;i()I  lii!V(;  been  d( 
■i'liis,  which  mi< 
(jI'iIic  Jndian.s'  en 
liriii;'  them   to  ;i 
miiild  liav(!    beer 
vi'ivi.sed  his  abii 
iiiiv  licfweeii  the 
iiarly  have  Ity  tl 
.raiiidinary  mano 
oi'i'vprrience,  goi 
More  the  l)attle  t 
oiiltTs  that  In;  slio 
H>t\U'U.     These; 
i;!ii.-iiHich  as  it  wa 
bd  there  not  be,, 
and  llie  roiiti;  was 
III  II.*  tin;  word 
iiot.nrive  at  Poin 
!iiid  licen  li)ught 
fe  sending  such 
The  day  aftei'  t 
ii'n'iiehnn'nt 
■'  kand  woundee 
'"m|diaiice  with 
»idi  <^i-t'nt  privati 
hiivnior  Dnnmor 
'■"  ^Vheeling,  win 
■'"' 'iioiith  of  Ifo, 

ffll'I'iDWil  Chili,., 

■"^'"i'li  the  Indjj 
■«'>si.ires  from  th 
.'"''""iply,  he  .sei. 
'"""'■'liatelv  retre 
'"ii'iiiiied  liis  mar 
'""is  "110  gave  ti 


,'''"'•  Virginia,  iij, 
'  llie  famous  i)ione 

all-  lillif. 

■  !,',i^.''  ^'''■Si"ia,  iii. 
?  I'iiis  is  nrx  ajrreeal 
w  da;  hallh;,  aiid  Mr 

'*>lmCUllSO)iriviuj;l{j 


s  ( 


to 


lit 


%1 


s  battle  wliifh 
15o()k  111.  "f 

would  cnliri'lll 
out  tlu'ir  liiUs 
riim  till!  ln'iiils 


U)  Imvc  l>(;iii  M- 

llllllS. 

;,l   1 1(1,  7\w\  Ik-  is. 

mill  wouiii'.i'ii  :\rc 

lillicr,  agreoi.  wiJi 


Chap.  IH] 


LOGAN.— BATTLE  OF  POINT  PLEASANT. 


46 


oftlicii*  eiienrK's,  and  slioot  lit  tluMii.     Tlit!  Iiat  beiiif?  ut  oiictMlioppcd,  the 
Indian  would  rdii  out  Croiii  his  coviTt  lo  scalp  his  vicliiii,  and  thus  met  u 


(iciitli  Ji-oiii  llic  toiiiaiiawk  of  his  adversary. 
'I'lie  cliiet"  of  the  null  r.iised  for  lliis  siivire,  were 


d  li 


Itj  "prune  nlleineii,    and  llie  '•  most  expert  wooilsini'ii  in  \  irfiiiiia 


Vi 


expresse; 


Iniii- 
'I'hey 


.vii'i'  principally  Irmii  the  counties  of  Aiiirnsta,  IJotetonrt,  itedlord  and  Kin- 
,;;.s!le,  and  from  tin;  enraiu'i'd  .settlers  who  had  tied  Iroiii  their  frontier  settlu- 
„,.|its  to  escape  the  veii^'eaiici!  of  the  iiijnred  liidiaius.  For  reasons  wide.'. 
rtcir  not  perfectly  iiiiderslood  at  that  time,  li.>rd  Duiiinon:  di\ided  the  army 
;iil,,  two  parts,  as  alrt.-ady  stilled.  'I'he  part  which  />i(/u/iore  soon  after  tftok 
III  the  r(!Voliili<tnary  events,  discovered  thi!  real  cause  ot"  his  preposterous  pro- 
,vriliii,ifs.  His  |)ri  t  nee  ot'  fallinfj  upon  llie  l;acUs  ot'  the  Indians,  and  codp- 
..,,iiiii^' with  (ieiieral  Lt»»i,s",  was  soon  delected  as  such;  for  it  needed  only 
III  lie 


iii>lor 


known  ih.'st  he  was  moving-  no  less  than   75  miles  from  him,  and  that, 

'jiin;,  110  coiiperation   could  hi;   had.     'The    im|>utalioii,  how(!ver,  of  tlio 

iaii  liurk,'-  "that  the  division  under   Lvirifi  was  devoted  to  destruction, 


llie  purpose  of  hreakinii"  th(>  sjiirits  (tf  tia;  Virginians,"  to  reiidi-r  ids  own 
iilluciicu  and  reputation  hri;:hter  and  more  ellicient,  is  unnatural,  and  with- 
mtliicfsto  warrant  it.  To  our  mind  a  worse  policy  to  raise  himself  could 
i,i!  iiave  heeii  devised.     Tlierc  are   two  other,  tiir  more  reasoiiahle  conclii- 


■  IHllS 


ihich  niiirht  have  hi'cii  oU'ered:  Th 


'governor. 


injr  tl 


e   pistnes3 


llii' Indians' cause,  miyht  ha\(!  adopted   the  plan   wiiicli  was    followed,  lo 


tiiem   to  ,1  ( 


leace 


with   the   least  iiossihli;  destruction  of  them.     This 


lave 


Ai'lV 


1,1  liavi!  heen  the  course  of  a  humane  philosophy;  or  he  mifrlit  1 
ised  his  ahilities  to  <,'aiii  them  to  tin;  Jhitish  interest,  in  case  of  u  nip- 
liiiT  between  them  and  tlii'  eoloni'S,  which  the  heads  of  <jovernnieiit  must 
imiiy  have  hy  this  time  foreseen  would  pretty  soon  follow.  Another  ev- 
:r;iiir(liiiiiry  maiiuMivn?  of  (jIom  rnor  Dunnwrc  hetraycid  either  ii  jrreat  want 
o;  i'\|ii  rieiici',  fremsralship,  or  a  I'ar  more  reprehensihle  char^'e  ;  for  ho  had, 
ixiiirc  the  hattio  of  I'oiiit  I'leasaiit,  sent  an  express  f  to  (Vdoiud  Lewis,  with 
oidiis  that  he  should  join  him  near  the  Shawaiiee  towns,  with  all  possihle 
(l<|i,'ili'li.  These  inslriiciions  were  looked  upon  as  siii<rularly  imaceonntahle, 
ii:;i>iiiiicli  as  it  was  considered  a  thiiij^'  almost  impossible  to  he  uccomplished, 
kill  tlicre  not  htion  an  (Miemy  to  fear;  for  tin;  distanei!  was  near  fO  miles, 
and  liio  route  was  throufjli  a  country  «'\treniely  ditliciilt  to  be  traversed,  and, 


III  use 
not  art 


the  words  of  Mr.  Ihirk,  "swariiiiii>r  with  Ind 


lans. 


"t     Tl 


ive  at  Point  Pleasant  until  the  eveniiifj  after  the  liattk 


le  express  ( 


lid 


:v 


but  that  it 


M(l  lllM'll 


Ibujjht  was  unknown  to  tlu;  iroveriior,  and  could  in  no  wise  excuse 


iiissciidinjr  such  orders,  although  the  power  of  the!  Indians  was  now  broke 


lit;  tlay 


lav  after  the  battle,  (leiuM'al  Lewis  caused  his  dead  to  be  biiri<;d,  and 


iiliciiclimeiits  to  be  thrown  up  about  his  camp  lor  the  prote'ction  of  his 
-ikiiiiil  wounded  ;  and  the  day  Ibllowinj;-,  he  took  tip  his  line  of  march,  iu 
■iiiii|)iiaiice  with  the  orders  of  (jloveriior7>in!morf.  This  march  was  attended 
niili  ^reat  pri\atioiis  and  almost  insurmountable  ditiicnllie.s.  JM<;anwliile 
liiivniiir  Dunmorc  descended  with  his  forces  down  the  river,  'Wmi  l'"ort  Pitt 
!ii\Vli(M'lin'r,  whert;  he  halted  lor  a  few  days.  lie;  then  proci  eded  down  to 
III' iiioiitli  (if  llockhockiiifr,  theiiee  over  land  to  within  H  miles  of  the  Sliaw- 
iiH'i' town  (Jliilicotht;,  on  tin;  Scioto.  Il(>re  he  made  pre|»arations  lor  troat- 
Ni'withthe  Indians.     I5el()re  reachinu'  this  |il,iee  h"  had  received  several 


■aires  from  the  Indians  with  ot 


it  pe; 


and  liavini;'  now  determined 


:'H()Mi|ily,  he  sent  an  express  to  (jeiieral  Lewis  with  an  order  that  he  should 
iiiininiiately  retreat.  This  was  entirely  dLsrefrarded  by  tin;  ireneral,  and  ho 
ojiilimied  his  maridi  until  his  lordsliip  in  person  visited  the  <;-eneral  in  his 
raiiip,  aiiQ  gave  the  order  to  the  troops  himself.     Lkwis's  troops  complied 


ili<t.  Virginia,  iii.  ;?'.)(). 
t  riiu  lainous  pioneer,  i'fiinon  Kenton,  alias  Butter,  was  liic  person  scut  hy  Duiimore  at 

1JII>  lilllU. 

1  Ilisi.  Virginia,  iii.  3!)5. 

\)  Tiiis  is  not  agrci-able  lo  llic  statomt'iil  of  Dr.  Ihdilridi^c  who  says  llirir  arrival  was  lie- 
forc  llie  hatllc,  and  Mr  Willurs  follows  liiin  ;  Iml  1  follow  i\Ir.  liiirk,  who  iloubliuss  iiad  llie 
bcsl  means  of  giviuj;  ibc  trulii.     Marshall  [Ky.  i.  'W]  agrees  with  the  former. 


.i 


j  i<8 


-<il 


'f*.\ 


4f) 


couNSTocK  tiif;at.s  with  ounmokf:. 


[Rook  V. 


lu: 


with  <rr«'nt  rcliictmicc,  for  tlioy  li.id  (Ictciriiiiind  on  a  f,'(!iieral  tlcstniction  ,  f 
tlu!  Indians.  ' 

A  treat}  was  now  (•(inimcnrcd,  and  condnr-ti'd  on  iIk;  part  o|' liic  wliji,, 
with  ffrfat  di>lrnst,  ni'vrr  adniiltin;r  l)nl  a  small  nuini)rr  of  Indians  wnli^ 
tlieir  cncaininncnt  at  a  linn'.  'I'lic  Imsinrss  was  connni  need  \t\  ('uriiiini- 
in  a  Hpcccii  of  frrrat  icnj^lh,  in  tiic  conrsc  of  which  Ih;  did  not  fail  to  cIkh'.  J 
upon  the  whites  the  wlinic  cause  of  the  war;  and  mainly  in  conscninn,.,', 
of  th(,'  mni'dcr  of  /j<i'j;ini\i  (iimily.  A  treaty,  however,  was  llie  re-nli  oi'  |!  ;^ 
conference;  and  this  conli'renci'  was  ilie  re>nll  of  the  (in--fanied  siieccli  i,)' 
Ii()(i.\i\,  the  iMinL'o  chi<'f;  since  known  in  e\ery  hemisphere.  It  w;is  nui 
delivered  in  the  camp  of  Lord  Ihninuiir,  for,  allhoufili  desiriiijf  peace,  Luiri, , 
wonid  not  meet  the  whiles  in  conncil,  hni  remained  in  his  cahin  in  miHi'i 
Bileiice,  nntil  a  inessen^M-r  was  sent  to  him  to  know  whether  he  wuiilii 
accede  to  the  |)roposals  it  contained.  What  the  distance  was  fimn  ^ 
treaty-^rroimd  to  iMisaii's  cahin,  we  are  noi  told  ;  hul  ol"  snch  ini|iortaiicc  \,,  , 
liis  nana;  considered,  that  he  was  wailed  on  hy  a  messen;.'er  ■  fmni  Lnnl 
Duiiiiiorc,  who  rcfiiicsted  liis  assent  to  the  arti(dcs  of  the  trealy,  Lnirnii  li,'i,| 
too  nnich  at  heart  tin?  wronj;s  lately  done  him  to  accede  witliont  •jivin"  the 
nM!ssenfj:er  to  nndersland  fnlly  ihe  firoiinds  upon  which  he  acce(|c(F;  h,' 
theretJire  invited  him  into  an  adjacent  wood,  where  they  sat  down  l(p;.ctliir 
Here  he  related  the  (!venls  of  hiitchery  which  had  deprived  him  of  ,ill 
liis  connections;  and  iiere  lie  pronounced  that  inemorahle  sp(  tch,  \\lii(|| 
Ibllow  s : 

"  I  appeal  to  anif  tvhUe  to  sni/,  if  ever  he  entered  JjOjran's  rdhln  Ininisni,  mul 
Ifave  liiin  not  meiit ;  if  ever  he  rtime  rulil  and  ntd>eil,a)id  he  eloth.al  liini  mil. 

"  Diinnif  Iheeoursc  of  thcUisl  loiiirhloodi/wiir,  Lo^an  reitidined  idle  iit  lii.u-(il,ln 
an  advocate  for  peace.  Such  ivati  mi/  love  for  the  u'hit<n,  thai  m;/  cviinlniinin 
pointed  as  ttvji  passed,  and  said,  '  Lojian  is  the  friend  of  white  nien.^ 

'^  t  had  even  lliouirld  to  have  lived  with  i/on,  hul  for  the  injuries  of  otic  mnn. 
Col.  Cresap,  llie  last  sprintj^,  in  cold  blood,  and  unpriwoked,  murdered  idl  Ik  irk. 
tions  of  liO<fan  ;  not  even  siiariiif^  inif  women  and  children. 

"  "^1  here  runs  not  a  drop  of  mij  hlood  in  tlie  veins  of  anij  living  creidinr.  Thin 
called  on  me  for  revem^e.  I  have  S(iu<>;ht  it.  I  have  killed  inanij.  I  have  J'ullij 
f^lulted  mij  veui^eance.  For  mij  could n/,  I  rejoice  at  Hie  beams  of  pinee,  Ihi  tin 
not  harbor  a  thoui^^ht  tluit  mine  is  the  joi/  if  fear.  I.ojran  never  fell  fear.  Ilr  iriU 
not  turn  on  his  heel  to  save  Ids  life.  U'ho  is  tliere  lo  mourn  for  Logan  ?—.\U 
one ! " 

When  IMr.  Jc^ersoH  piddished  liis  "  Notes  on  Virfrinia,"  the  Diets  tlirrrin 
staKal  implicatiiif;  Cresap  as  the  murderer  of  ljoiran\s  family,  wen;  hy  Vrimfs 
friends  called  in  ipiestioii.  iMr.  .A^ir.s'o))  at  (irst  merely  staled  the  liictsa<  |irp- 
liniinary  to,  and  the  cause  of,  the  '■Speech  of  Loican,"  which  he  cdiisidi'i'n; 
as  ireneraljy  known  in  Viririnia:  hut  the  aciimmiy  discovered  hy  his  cik mi  s 
in  their  endeavors  to  (lainsay  his  statement,  led  to  an  invesli^atioii  of  il.c 
whole  transactifiii,  and  a  i>nhiicalioii  ol"  the  result  was  tlie  imincdiatc  cuiia'- 
qiienee,  in  a  new  (;ditioii  of  the  "Notes  on  Virjrinia." 

'I'liere  are  perliajis  still  some  who  doiiitt  of  tin?  frfiiiiineness  of  Ln'sd-.i'x 
S|)cecli  and  indeed  we  must  allow,  thai  llien-  are  some  circiimslaiiccs  l.ijil 
boliire  lis  in  Dr.  liarloii\s  .Medical  and  Physical  .loiirnal,  for  tlie  yeiir  ls(H; 
which  look  irreconcilahle.  Wilhoiit  impiachin^'  in  the  sli;.;litest  deiir.'c  lin' 
character  of  iMr.  Jefferson,  such  liicSs  are  tluirn  coin|)ared,  and  disairrceimiits 
pointed  out,  as  chanced  lo  come  in  the  way  of  the  w riter.  It  appe;i!s  lium 
tlie  l''n  nch  traveller  l{obiii,\WM,\i\  the  time  of  onr  revoliuion,  a  j:ciitk'iii;m  m' 
VViHiaiii.*hiirff  jrave  him  an  Indian  speech,  which  hears  j^peat  reseinlilaiiic  In 
th(^  one  said  to  Ik-  hy  Lo<i;an  ;  hut  diflcrin<^  very  essentially  in  date,  iiiid  llu' 
person  implicated  in  miirderin<r  the  family  of  l-oj(aii.  The  work  of  llo!:'.!'.  \- 
entitled  "New  Travels  in  America,"  and  we  have  only  tin  Kiiji'lish  traiisliiiiuii 


*  Mr.  John  Gibson,  tiicii  an  officer  ia  Dimmore's  army,  and  aRerwartls  a  man  of  coiisiiler- 
able  dislinciioa. 


Chap.  IH.] 

of  it.*  It  iH  thei 
tliat  llohln  hinisi 
(if  llie  adjiir;  hov 
III'  Loi^iin  had  he 
ol'llic  liail  hlot  w 
nrtiiat  .some  ojd 
•nil  llie  pnrpo.sc  I 
llii'  reader  to  (|(. 
IVi'iiclinien  may  > 
iiiiui'  prohahly  ,soi 
\uiy  III!  introduce 
llic  I'cnninene.ss  o 
"Speech  o('  the 
llir  (idv  .  of  Viiyi 
.Vow  il  is  certaii 
Ik  .Issviiihlji  nf  yi 
tnd,  as  we  have  ^ 
jiiilirc  liir  liim.sel/, 
"ho.NAN  will  n„ 
null.  \'on  are  .sen 
iihliMck  in  the  day 
Ili.ivc.  Th(!  War  \ 
•iilrs.  Kivers  ol"  I, 
iliircfroni  to  any, 
I  will  tiiryet  onr  inji 
-ImiI  (lillieiilf  Mid(.( 
(Tiiclly  and  inhnnia 
iJiliiT,  my  mother,  ii 
;r;iiice!  f  was  eriii 
i.<  mice  more  at  peji 
ilni(i;i  tear  to  the  |,i 
With  a  li'w  in<-id(| 
miiNi'i'ied  with  the 
On  the  evenin^r  he 
lis  wirriors  to  make 
siliii"  was  not  aceei 
n-.iju'd  to  (i^lil,  3-, 
iviirk  ti-morrow;  Jm 
lii'lliiiii  with  my  owi 
aiii'iiie  ((,  death  wl 
iiii'iilioiii'd, 

AlicrtlM'  Indians  I 
loiwMiicoii.siiltoi,  \vl 
IMI  IkmI  Im-cii  e.verci.v 
•lUititsliidlwe  do  not 
*.'/  //•(•  /)//•/(  out  and. 
'J!MI  ivr  hill   (ill    oii, 

I  wtil  ourselves  \>  " ..\ 

w  a  war-po.st  had 
:"r»f'l  towanis  it,  am 

i;;<lillr.l   to  (ijrhf,    (    wi 

I  mmore's  cainp.jj 


,    '"''ii'-o  iiio  ,.,l.ov,.  was  A 
IP"-iiMiH.„i|,  ...liiions  w, 

■"™l'l  not  |,,v„  „.i||,|„,,,|  „ 
,     •■■"  'V.'r"  is  foMii.j  i„ 

Jl  I"  111.'  Fronrj,  ropv  la 

|*PMMl,e.s,,oe<.|ns',Llor- 

1  Uodditil^e's  Notes,  n. 


BunK   V. 

itimi  of 

I'  Ullilrs 
IM    WItllili 

('(iriiMiiili 
<)  c'lmn.r 
s('i|iiciirc 

ill  III'  li.is 
|in'cli    III' 

:  uiis  ma 
!•»',  /i(*ir/(/i 
I  ill  Milln, 

ll»!      WIPlllll 

iVolil  tlic 
•lillli'r  W,;- 

rriiiii  l.iird 
LiiL'aii  had 
«,'iviii;i  llif 
'(•(mIciI  ;  111' 
n  td^i'llirr. 
Iiiiii  III'  all 
tu'li,  which 


ivsi'il,  itiid  k 
a  mil. 

:  in  lii.'i  riil)in, 
Cdunlrijinni 

of  one  man. 
I  all  lilt  nid- 

(dure.  Thin 
havi'  J'ulljj 

((■('.  liul  lid 
tr,  Ik  trill 
:im  ?— A'ui 


iicts  t'lcri'iii 

by  (  rtsiifia 

|;u-tsii<  |nv- 

(•  ('(Hisidi'nil 
liis  ciii'ini  s 

iilioii  of  ll.<' 

;(liilt(!  I'Oll.H'- 
S   of  Tid'S^l.l'.^ 

istiiiii'is  h.iil 
vein-  I'^O'^; 
.<t  "(lcf:i"''i'  ill'' 
isji'i'i'i'i'iii'i'''" 

HI|)(":\!'S  iVnlll 
irclllK'lliall  Hi 

'.sciiiltlaiH'i'to 
(lull-,  anil  till' 
rl<  of  /?«'.'i«  i- 
isli  tnin>larn)ii 


Chap.  IH] 


I.O(5AN'rt   HI'KIUMl   UI'KMTIOM:!). 


17 


of  it.*  It  Ih  tlii'n'f'ori' possililo  timt  somm'  ii'ist.ikcis  timy  linvi-  crept  iiilo  il,  or 
lliiit  lidl'iii  liiiMscir  iiiii;lil  have  iiiisiiii<ler.''.ii)i)il  the  (late,  ami, even  iilher  pail. 
Ill' ihc  (illiiir;  howi.'ver,  the  prnhahilily  is  i-alher  Htniiif;' that  either  the  speech 
„(  lji)'j:iin  liail  heeii  pii-verled  liir  the  |iiirp(ise  of  ch'aiiiiji;  Cirsiiii's  rharartrr 
i,f  the  Ihiil  hint  which  entirely  cuvereil  it,  hy  wilfully  cliar;.'in;,'  il  n|ii>ii  .•imnlier, 
nrtliat  soiiii'  old  speech  ol'liis  upon  another  occasion,  had  hern  renindeled  to 
•nil  the  purpose  l(>r  which  it  was  used.      I'pon  these;  ipieslions  we  must  leave 


ilic  ri'ii 


der  to   decide,       liohlii    has    tlie    name   ol'  the   cliielj    /, 


oiiiin. 


-oine 


fri'iii'liiu*'"  >i>'iy  write  it  thus,  hut  I  jauc  heliire  me  those  that  do  not,f  and 
111,11V  prohahly  some  l''ni;lisli  pr  Mionncrd  it  so,  and  so  linUin  Inanl  il.  'i'h'' 
,viiv  III)  introduces  the  speech,  il"  the  iiitrorliK-tion  he  fact,  forever  destroys 
l|,i.'iri'iininencss  of  the  speech  of  Itoifioi  of  1771.      It  is  thus: 

"Spi'cch  of  the  savauc;  Lo.na.n,  in  a  (ieiieral  Assemhly,  as  it  was  sent  to 
llii.  (Jov.  of  Viririnia,}  anno  1751." 

\'i)\v  il  is  certain,  if  the  speech  which  VH'  will  }:ivo  below  wiis  dcliirrnf  in 
Ih  .lisi'iiihli/  of  f  ir^liiid,  in  llir  i/car  17.')  K  it  could  not  have  heeii  truly  deliv- 
, nil,  as  we  have,  j.nven  il,  to  Lord  Dunnwrc  in  1771.  Tliat  the  reader  may 
jmliri'  for  himsell,  that  of  \7'y\  follows. 

"  l.d.NAN  will  no  loiij-er  oppose  miikini.'  the  pro|)osed  peace  with  the  while 
,11(11.  ^'oii  are  sensihie  he  never  knew  what  li  ar  is — that  he  never  turned 
Ills  hack  in  the  day  of  haltli' — \o  one  has  more  love  liir  the  wiiite  men  tlirui 
'riii;  war  we  have  had  wilh  them  has  heeii  loii;i:  and   hloodv  on  liotli 


1  liavc. 

jiili'S. 

iJuri'lVoni  to  any. 


Rivers  of  flood  have  ran  on  all   parts,  and  yet  no  ^ood  hii 


.le 


I 


OIK 


e  more  rep<'at  it — let  us  heat  peai-e  with  these  men 


iwi 


l(ir;.'ot  our  injuries,  the  interest  of  my  country  demands  il.  I  will  liirp't 
-liiit  diliicult  ludecMl  is  the  tasii !  \'cs,  I  will  forjr' t — that  .Major  /ioirirs^ 
iiid  iiihmuanly  murdered,  in  their  canoes,  my  wife,  my  children,  my 
r,  my  iiiolher,  and  all  my  kindred. — This  roiis'd  me  to  deeds  of  \en- 
cc!  I  was  <'riiel  in  d.  spite  of  iiiyselK  I  will  dii;  content  if  my  country 
,<  (iiicc  niorf!  at  pt^ace ;  hut  when  />«/i«;i  shall  ho  no  mon;,  who,  alas,  will 
,Ir(i|i  ,'1  tear  to  the;  memory  of  fjomtn!" 

lid  relleciions,  we  will  doso  our  account  of  events 


oriii'i 
iillii 


Willi  a  ti'W  incidenl.- 
miiiirrled  with  the  history  of  ( 'kksap's  Waii. 

On  till' cveniiif^  hel'ort^  the  haltle  of  I'oint  IMeasaiit,  Co/v/.s/orAr  proposed  lo 
ills  warriors  to  mak(!  peaco  with  (ieiu'ral  //nr/.s-,  and  avoid  a  haltle,  hut  his 
ilvic  •  was  not  accepted  hy  IIk!  council.  "  Well,"  said  he,  "since  you  havo 
:i-h|\i'il  to  liu'ht,  you  shall  liirlit,  al<lioii<.di  il  is  likely  wi;  shall  have  hard 
wiiik  t.i-niorrow ;  hut  if  any  m.in  shall  llinch  or  run  from  the  battle,  I  will 
Lill  hiiii  with  my  own  hand."  /\nd  it  is  said  he  made  his  word  i,'oo(l  hy  piit- 
iiii;;  MiM"  to  death  who  discovered  cowardice  during  the  light,  as  has  hecMi 
mi'iitiniifd. 

AliiMtlie  Indians  had  retreated,  CorM.sioc/f  called  a  council  at  the  (!irdicotlio 
lowii.iiicoiisiill  on  what  w.isto  be  d-xie.  I1<m<!  he  reflected  upon  the  rashness 
lliiit  hail  heen  exercised  in  lighting  the;  \ 'iiil,:;  ai  I'oint  IMeasant ;  and  asked, 
•Itlml  shill  ur  do  noir !  the.  Ijoinr-h'iiircs  arc  romiufr  ripoii  ii!<  Inj  tiro  roulc.i. 
M  m  turn  out  nmlfiij^lit  tlu.m!  " — No  answer  was  made,  lie  then  iiMpiire-d, 
•Ml  wv  kill  nil  our  stjiuiivs  anil  children,  and  Ih'ii  fisjcht  until  ice  shall  all  be 
iM  oiirsilvcn"/^^ — .As  heliire,  all  were  silent.  In  the  midst  of  the  coiincil- 
tiniisc  a  war-post  had  heen  erected;  with  his  tomahawk  in  his  hand,  C'oni,s<o''t 
liiriu'il  tinvai'ds  il,  and  sticking  it  into  the  post,  he  said,  "Since  you  are  not 
iiidimd  to  tight,  I  will  go  und  make  peace;"  and  ho  forthwith  repaired  to 
Dimmore's  camp.|| 
, — — ■ 

'  Sinoo  liic  above  was  wrilton,  I  have  mot  wilh  llic  French  cdilinn  ;  and,  from  its   imprint, 
prcMiiiic  hiilh   cdilioiis  were  |)Mlilisli(!il  under  llio  siiliervisioii  of   llie  aulhor.     "  A  I'ldkidel- 


ic  hoili   cdilioiis  were  |)i 
I  f'ii.  ./  sc  triwvf  (I  I'di-is,  I7!)'2.' 

\^tc  Rirhi'irhex  siir  Ivs    l-'tnli-Urds,  iv.   1.53 — 5.     The  authors  of  tliis  wcll-wriltcn  work 
iSoiiU  mil  li.ivi'  wilhiipjd  their  names.     It  was  printed  !>l  Paris,  in  Hvo.,  17!i8. 

!  " 'I  .Wr' is  found  in    lh(!   Freiirli   copy,  and   this 
Jpp'iivHimcH/  /c  iiii)is  l.imiiiic  oit  Soliiire.'' 


tc<pi 


marjjinal  nolo  to  ilj  "  ce  vwt  si^tdfie 
•iiriiimi-tir  ii>  mnts  i.tmniic  oit  ^lUiiire." 

ill  the  I'Veiicli  ropy  no  person  is  mentioned.     AAer  Major,  a  blank  is  left.     In  ollicr 
xTis  ihc  speech  is  loleraldy  eorrcclly  translated. 


'   "9 

i-i 

■I         •     ■■'  '-f'tJ 


*i 
I 

■•'•  !, 


f /.^iwiilrr-  ^M  "^- ""•'  'ne  speecii  is  loieraniy  ( 


48 


DEATH  OF  LOGAN.— CORNSTOCi;. 


""h  V. 


W(<  liavn  i.ocn  riiorr  iniimf<Miii(l  imrticiilar  in  tlicnc  ovciitM,  iin\|,ip|,  y^,,„ 
mul  (.'iinislorl;  wi'Vii  vnirii'ji'il,  \\m\\  in   niiiiiy  kiIkts;  Imt  I  Iriihtilic  n  nd',^  * 
tliiH  liiMory  will  not  Uv  displrnscd  w itii  siirli  niinuti'iicss  upon  so  iniiKHi.iin 
«v<'iit ;  rs|i<Miiiiiy  as   no  work  witli  wliicii  i  inn  ac(|nMinti'i|  docs  tlicMil,;,.' 
jiisiicf,     li  wastiMilya  fivrni  f\cnl,  liolli  in  r('s|HTt  totlir  p;ntics  fii"nc..' 
and  tlic  consccincn.'cs  nt'ccssarily  p'owing  out  of  it,  and   it  ims  Ix  en  l,n'^,'l 
ovn-  too  slifrliliy  liy  historians. 

In  n-.-jicr-t  lo  tli(!  <|M'('cli  of  Ijdt^iin, '\\  uonid  i)c  Idirldy  ^'niiifvin<r  if  a  );•« 
inaltfjrs  conncfti'd  V'itii  it  could  lie  settled ;  but  wlictiicr  tlicy  ever  will  iji 
oidy  ran  dclcrniijH!.     i'Voin  tliti  slatinicnt  of  Dr.   llddou, '   lifforc  cjikI    j 
an;  led    to  <  .\|M-<'t  that   ho  had   other  documents  than    those  he  nt   llmt  tii 
|inhli,~lied,  iioini;  to  show  that  Cnsa/)  was  not  the  tnin-den  rol"  Lu<rfin\s  linmli 
but  he  never  published  them,  as  I  can  learn,  and  he  has  leli   us  to  coiiicrtun' 
upon  such  as   we  liave.     Another  author, f  upon  the  authority  ot' ntidiliicr 
who  was  at   the  time  with    l^ord    />(/»wo;v,  stat' s  that   he  heard  noi|iii|(,  „|' 
Lo!i'(iii\i  char^'in;;  Cnsrip  with  the  murder  of  his  kiinlred  diirin^i^  tin-  wf,,,!,. 
campai^fti,  nor  until  a  lon<,'  time  after.     That   it  was   not   ituhlicly  talked  nf 
nnuni^'  the  otilcei's  is  in  no  wise  sfrani.'e,  as  ^'rrsn/i  himself  wns  oiie  of  || 
therelore,  that  this  is  evidence  that  no  such  cliar^n;  was  math;  b\   Loc. 


ti 


UUK  imwortliv  consii 


lerat 


illl,  U|. 


ion. 


A mon<x  other  proofs,  that  the  chief  ^iiilt  lay  upon  the  head  ol' ( 


rc.iitp  of 


brin;.''iiHf  about  a  bloody  war,  since  well  known  by  his  name,  .Indire  Iiuusd',' 
Frankl()rt,  Kentucky,  wrote  to  Mr.  JcJ'irson,^  Murcli,  I7!l!»,  tliat  he  wiis,  1 1. 
thought,  able  to  f.'i\e  him  more  particulars  td' that  afliiir  than,  perli!i|)s,  .my 
other  person  ;  that,  in  1774,  whih'  iit  the  house!  of  (Jolonel  l'n\iton,\\[  ['];i. 
rasil(!  county,  \'a.,  there  arrived  an  express,  callin^r  upon  hiiu  to  onici'  (iiji 
the  militia,  "  lor  tlie  |)rotection  of  tlui  iidiabitants  resi<linjr  low  down  on  tim 
nortii  Ibrk  f>f  Ilolston  Kiver.  The  e\|)ress  bron<rht  with  him  a  war  dnl) 
and  a  note  tied  to  it,  which  was  left  !it  the  house  of  one  Hulicilsnn,  wlmx. 
lamily  were  cut  otf  by  the  Indians,  and  jrave  rist?  for  the  applicaiidn  lo 
Colonel  Prctlun"  Here  l»)llows  the  letter  or  iiot(!,  of  which  Mr.  Inms  Um 
made  a  coj)y,  in  his  tnemorandniu-book: — 

^^  Captain  Orosap,  What  did  you  kill  mj  people  on  Vdloiv  Creek  for)  The 
while  people  killed  mi/  kin  at  (.'(Jiiestou^a,  {  n  unreal  inhile  itsro  ;  awl  I  Ihoiiislil  Daik- 
ins;  oj'lliat.  Jiut  yon  killeil  mi/  kin  au^nin,  on  Yellow  Creek,  ami  look  mji  r(iii.<in 
prisoner.  Then  I  Ihoxiicht  I  vinsl  kill  too;  and  I  have  been  three  times  lo  mir ' 
sinri;  ,•  bid  thi  Jnilians  are  not  nntsri/;  oidij  mijselj'." 

it  was  signed,  ^^  Captain  ,}i>n:s  LogaiN." 

Not  lonj^  aflcr  these  tiiirs  of  calamities,  which  wo  have  recorded  in  me; 
life  of  Loir«n,  In*  was  crue'ly  nnu-dered,  as  he  was  on  his  way   lioiiie  Imm; 
Detroit.     l'"or  a  time  previous  to  his  death,  he  gave  himself  up  to  intuxii;!. 
tion,  whirli  in  a  short  time  nearly  oiiliterated  all  marks  of  tlu'  great  man! 

The  liit(!  of  Comslock  is  e(pially  deplorable,  although  in  the  conteini  hitinDJ 
of  which,  Ills  character  does  not  sutler,  as  doi's  that  of  Loitan.  He  uiis 
cruelly  murdered  by  some  whit*;  soldiers,  while  a  hostage  aniiiiii;  tli(i!i.j 
And  there  is  as  much,  nay,  far  more,  to  carry  down  hia  nwnembrancc  to|(is.j 
to"ity,  as  that  of  the  tragical  (hath  oi' .'Irchimedes.  Ho  was  not  iiiiirdii'dj 
wliiUi  actually  drawing  geometrical  figures  upon  the  ground,  but,  \\liiic he] 
was  exfilaiiung  the  geograpiiy  of  bis  country  by  drawings  upon  the  llcior.  imi 
alarm  was  given,  which,  in  a  lew  minutes  alter,  eventuated  in  liis  (IcitlJ 
We  will  now  go  into  an  explanation  of  the  cause  and  manner  of  the  iiiiinliTJ 
of  Comstoek.  It  is  well  known  that  the  war  of  the  revolution  had  iiivulvidl 
ail,  or  nearly  all,  of  the  Indians  in  dreadful  calamities.  In  conseeiiu  iiiiiifl 
murders  committed  by  the  Indians  on  the  frontieis  of  Virginia,  sevcnil  roiii-j 
pani  s  marched  to  Point  Pleasant,  when;  then;  had  bei  ii  a  i()rt  since 
battle  there  in  1774.  Most  of  the  tribes  of  the  north-west,  except  tlic  Slumj 
anecs,  were  determined  to  fight  against  the  Americans.     Comslock  wislieif 


Chap,  fl/.)  ft 

111  iireserve  jieace, 
u-til  lii.s  powerful 
iijiT  the  America 
■  ■Wil  of  1777,  Ii(. 
•Hii,  ia  company  \ 

•lIM.llilin   O/'   (luil'i'M 

•  lii^  <'»n.   III,.  ,^ 

miiiKl  Ihr  .  Inuricin 

•iiinvanese]  //•/////„ 

nli'llit'ciice,  the  ',-,, 

and  Hcil-hdwk  a-i  Ik 

tiiii  Jrl/uikle,  tla;  <;, 

im'iit  i)f  \'irgi(ua  u| 

mrimi  into  (ji;|f ,., 

■Mjm  tlieiu  undrr  ( 

Mi'mnviiile  f||,,  ,,| 

ii'iK  |)li  .isin-e  in  o-jvi 

iialK D/'tliat  poriioij  | 

•''ii"''"''";.'  a  /nap  „(' 

lalMvas  JieanI  on  th« 

Mill' voice  o|-  |,i„  ,,„ 

''■"'''•''■  ''"illl  I'leasf 
<lds  (iiihrr,  fJI/in,-.,, 
MMiMg.  This  son  h 
SI I'liirtli, sought  |ii/„  , 
>'Mi)iii'li  adorn  Jiinna 
bui,  iipo/i  ,1  liunti,,,, 
iMi'  liiiiif,  and  near 7] 

falS,  (llld  o,„.  (,(•,/„.  I 

■>l'''i''>  «'C('apt,iin/A, 
»i"'|-'N|)on  a  cry  was  i 
Jiliirated  gang,  with  ( 
";;  "1101,,  and,  agains 
"il'''""l.     With  flH.i, 
!'"*  ■'"■Ill-    In  tl„.  „ 
iiii'ir  iliiiiifer.     As  the 
'■""•"IliHl  Whei,  Cfjfl, 
:lMiecshni/(l  ,/,).  i,^ 
I''  i«  submit.'"    T|„.  ,; 

™i><laiid„„.f  ,|„.,u. 
'''';l;<'.l  without  a  stru 
I'  nu/)sia>,  though 

;TllI  compos II !•,,_      j[ 

jy'';';»as/irsr,liselo. 
f/fmi-  was  a  v,,,, 

''■  ''•■'■■<  •"*<»"n  discHvi 
«'""|"'.l,  was  iuang 

■f '■'■  "  liere  to  ..av,  t 
•""-'iiiressuouafi, 
,''■"■•''••"'.>',  ••Iiiels  ill 
^ :"'""'  Comslock.    M 

"llillli;  ' 

„,•'''''"''  P'-'-ished  the  , 
/"""'"■""-nicon/i-de 

f;J'l""lities.    J,,,,,;, 

»■•  iMM'vcr  was  ib  >  adi 
'■''  ""l"""ssors  /eel  ,|„, 


iia 


vo 


|lii' 


*  Med.  and  Phi/s.  Jour,  nnrl  ii.  p.  i.'i2.  t   Willifr.i,  Chronicles,  lo6. 

X  Alluding,  I  suppose,  to  the  massacre  of  the  Concstoga  Indians  in  1763. 


■^"'''•<iiis  and  disiiite 


5 


i       I". 


n  a(i(  1-  (,:' 
lortlillt  :;li 

If    MlllJ.T 

'II  |pii?>i'(| 

y  il'  a  ii'w 
w  ill,  \iiui' 
(•ill  (1,  .\i' 
tliiit  tiiiii' 

Ill's  iillllll\. 
(•(llljlTlllll' 

t"  an  iitliiiT 
iiotliiiiL'  III' 
:  tlif  whiilc 
y  lalkril  111' 
lie  (it'tlii'ii; 
;  l.();.'aii,  wr 

>!'  ('rcsiiji  111' 
lire  /(i/i(fi  111' 
it  lie  «»>>  i  '■ 
|)iTliaiis,  ;;liy 
I's/oii,  ill  Till- 
to   onlri'  in;l 
(l(t\Vll  on  ti;(' 
1  a  war  i  liih, 
icr(.s'f);l.  wliiiM' 
i|H)licaliiMi  ill 
Ir.  liiins  tl.cn 


Yrck  for!  Tk 

(lok  iioj  nu.<in 
I  tiuKS  lo  mr 


(■onlcil  in  tl;e : 
K    Inline  Innn! 

Ill    to   illtl'\il'!l* 

rrcat  iiiiiii '. 
|coi\t('iii|l:ili"ii 
[ran.     Ill'   \^:i3 

allinllU  'l"'i''' 
ll,raiii'''toios- 
]iiot  iiiiinliTiQ 

j,„t,  wliili'lie 
1,1  tlie  till"!'-  iin 
I  ill  liisiliMili- 
lot"  tlic  inunler, 
I  liad  iiivolvi'd! 
loiistMiiii'iii 
V  scviTiil  com- 

[I'oi't  sino'  tlv 
.,.j)t  llif  t^lii'* 

[rnslock  wi^lie' 


Ichrouicles,  136, 


CHif.  ni.i 


MURDKR  OF  CORNSTOCK   AM)  OTIH.RS. 


40 


[0 |iroM<;rv»'  poacc,  and  ilM'r(;ron',  um  tlie  (inly  iiu'imH  iti  iiiis  powtjr,  ii.i  Iio  had 
j-i'd  liirt  ixiwcrliil  t'li)i|iit'iicc  ill  vain,  I'csolsctI  lo  lay  llic  stall-  t.i' ailiiii-M  l;o- 
,,,,.  the  Aini'rifaiis,  ili.it  tlu'\  nii;:1il  avcil  ilir  ilinati-iH'd  Htn'/in.  In  the 
.  liiiir  III'  1777,  lie  i-aiiir  In  the  liii'l  at  I'oiiit  i'lt'asaiit,  ii|iiiti  liiis  liii'inily  inis- 
•mm,  ill  i'"i"l"'"V  uiili  anoihiT  cliiii',  calli'd  liid-liiiirL  Alirr  I'splaiiiin;^  the 
.iiiiaiii)"  ">l  lliinfrs  willi  rr;.'aid  lo  llic  •  inli'dfraN'  irilics,  lie  ^aid,  in  iT^i'ard 
.,|iis(i\Mi,  III'-  Siiawaiicsc,  "  77((  (■iiirnU  sets  [with  llic  Indiaiis]  .vo  .v/rojig- 
tJiiinxl  llif  .liiiiriain.i,  in  ronstJimnrt  (if  thr  (tiCfiinj  of  iltc  lirilisli,  llml  Ihij  {llic. 
•Iiawiiiii'^i'l  ii'illfuiil  irllli  II,  I  J'kii;  in  spile  (f  till  nij/  ejerlinns,"  I'loii  iliis 
i!ili'llip'ii<'''i  •''<'  ••oinniaiiiliT  ol'  llic  j;arri.soii  llioii^ilit  proiicr  to  detain  liini 
ami /fc'-/'""'/'' 'I"  li<'f''i'i;<'f*  I"  l"'*'^'"'"  'I"'  nicdilalcd  cal  iiuilii's.  W  lien  Cap- 
'jiii. /;'/'«'/>■/'< 'Ik'  coimiiaiidri- of  llic  ifarriMin,  liad  nolilicd  llic  new  iioscrii- 
iiiiMil  (if  Virj.'iiiia  of  ilie  laitiiation  of  allinrs,  and  vvlial  he  had  (ioiie,  fores 
ii,iiri'|i(;(l  into  III  il  country.     A  part  of  them  havin>c  ;irrivc(l,  waited  li)r  others 


iiiiii 


tlieiii  niiilcr  (iciieral  lliind,  on  ulioni  these  depended  liir  pro^i^i()l 


Meanwhile  the  oOicers  held  li-e(pient  convcrsalioiis  with  Curnstink,  who 
nii,  |i|(  .isiiH!  in  ^riviiij;  ihein  ininiile  descriptions  of  his  country,  .'iiid  espe- 
niillydl'tlial  porlion  ltd  ween  the  .Mississippi  and  Missouri.  One  day,  as  he  wan 
Miiii'tdini;  a  map  ot'it  upon  tlie  lioor,  fir  the  <;ratification  of  thos(;  present,  a 
Jl  was  heard  on  the  ojiposite  side  ol'tlie  Ohio,  which  he  at  once  recoL'iii/cd 
i.llii' voice  of  Ills  son,  Elllniiisico,  who  had  foiifi'lit  at  his  side  in  the  liinioiiH 
Idllic  (if  INiinl  I'lc'isant,  in  1171,  of  which   we  have  spoken.     At  the  n  ipicst 

I  liis  father,  Kllinifisiro  vMWf  to  th((  tint,  where  they  had  an  all'eclionate 
jiriiii;;'.  This  son  had  liecoine  uneasy  ;it  his  liiiher's  loiij;  ahsence,  .Miid  had 
aiJiiiL'tli  s(Mii,dit  him  out  in  his  exile  lieiv! ;  pron:;tted  hy  those  feeliiijis  which 
-jiiiiii'li  adorn  hninan  natiiic.  The  next  dtty,  two  men  crossed  the  Kan- 
kma,  upon  a  hnntiiif;  exptMJitioii.     As  they  'vi're  retiiinin;;  to  their  iioat  after 


jiiiiit,  and  near  tli* 


Ih 


river,  tin  y  were  lired  up 


hv 


some 


h 


(Ikiiis,  Mini  one  ol"  the  two,  n  nned  Gilmore,  was  killed,  liiit  the  dlicr  escapiMl. 
,l|i,'irly  ot'('aptain  IIhWh  \\\in  \vi  nt  over  and  hron!.''''  i"  'he  li(,(l\  (if  f/////ir>re  ; 
«iiir.'ii|ioii  a  cry  was  rai.sed,  ••  Lit  iis  f^o  tinil  kill  liie  Indians  in  the  fori.''  .An 
jil'iiriatcil  •^^an^',  with  (7apt:iiii  ///,//  at  their  head,  set  out  with  this  iieliirionH 
[.'•uliiliiiii,  and,  a;j;ainst  «!vei  \  reii.oiistrance,  proceediul  to  conimit  the  deed 
illiliiiid.  With  tiieir  f^uiis  ci cki  d,  they  swure  dealli  to  any  w  ho  .-lioiild  op- 
\w>i-  ilii'iii.  In  till!  mean  lime,  some  ran  to  apprize  the  dcMited  chiefs  of 
iiiiir  ilaiiiicr.  As  thi!  murderers  jipproachrd,  Jjllini/isieo  di>co\('red  a<;ita- 
limi,  uiiii-li  when  Vornslnrk  saw,  he;   said,  ".l/i/ .w«, /Ae  (•/•('((/  Sjiiril  hiis  seen 

llh'il  wc  shiiild  die  loirellier,  and  lias  sent  i/ou  lo  Unit  eml.  It  is  his  irlll,  and 
\  Hi  m  siihmil."     The   niui'derers   had   now  ari-i\c(l,  and   the  old   chief  turned 

riiiiiil  and  met  ihein.  They  slidt  iiim  tiirouf;h  will)  seven  hiilh  ts.  He  fell, 
.iidilic.l  without  a  struf.'jrl«! ! 

H"iiiii).ila),  thoujih  haviiifr  at  first  ii()[ieared  distnrhed,  met  his  death  with 
LtuI  I'limposiire.     II. •  svas  shot  upon  ihe  s».'at  on  which  he  was  sillini;'  whcu 

is  late  was  lir.st  disclosed  to  him. 

Itr l-liuwli  was  II  yoiin;;  Delaware  chief,  and,  like  Ell'.nip.iico,  had  fon^rht 

■\M'  ('onislock.     Il(!  died  with  less  fortitude  :  haviiij'  trie;:  to  secr«!te  himself. 


:(■  nas  soon  discovered  and  slain.     Anotli  r  Indian,  who.se   name 


I'.Ot 


lai'Mtiiiiicil,  was  manjiled    and   murdered    in  the   most  harharous   iiianncr. 
lii'i!  it  here  to  say,  that  this  wiis  all  that  was  etl'ected  hy  the  expedition, 
|*lt!i('  liiiccs  soon  after  returned  liomi!. 

I'l  w,  if  any,  chi(!ts  in  history  are  spoken  of  in  tcni's  of  higher  commenda- 
hoiitliaii  Comslock.  Mr.  /rj7/w.<t,  a  writer  on  Indian  uHiiirs,*  speaks  as  follows 
lul'liiiii: 

Tliiis  perished  thi;  mighty  Cornstalk,  sachem  of  the  Shawanees,  and  king 

Iciilii' iKMtliern  coiili;(leracy,  in  1774, — a  chiet'reniarkahU-  ibr  many  gnat  and 

Ifjoil  i|iialities.     He  was  disposed  to  he  at  all  times  the  friend  of  white  men, 

>*  lie  ever  was  th;- advocate  of  honorahic  peac(!.     Unt  when  his  country's 

|toii;.s 'cillrd  aloud  for  hatth',' he  becaim^  the  thunth'rhoU  of  war,  and  made 


r  (ipiircssors  l(;el  the  w(!ight  of  his  uplitb'd  an 


lii 


s  no 


h](>  I 


K'arin}' — ■ 


eiicruiis  and  disinterested  attachment  to  the  (toloni 'S,  when  tlie  thunder 


'  111  his  "  Chronicles,''  a  work,  it  is  our  duly  lo  remark,  wrillen  with  candor  and  judgnicut. 


60 


WOl.F— PONTIAK. 


of  nrifish  (•.siiiioii  wuh  rrviTlH'mtiiijj:  llimiit'li  tin-  liinrl-   I 


the  t'l 
1 


null 


\  ii'iriniii   1111111  (li-Milalinn  mihI   ilinili,  (tlir  nliji  ci  nV  I 


iHMlixi.'tyto  lirrsrrvfl 
li"  \i>ii  III 


(lint   I'Iriisiiiit,)  all  coiisiiin  il  to  \\iii  liir  liiiii  the  cstci-iii  iiml  1 
crs ;  wliilr  tlir  uMtiiiii'ly  iiimI   iMTliiliniis  imiiiiihm-  ol'liis  iIciuIi,  cih'^,.,! 


•Xllfcl  n\    „t|, 


mill  la>liii'.'  i'(';;rcl  lo  |M'i'\nili'  tin'  luihiiins  »'\cii  ot'tliDsc  \v| 

liis  iiatiuM  :  ami  lAriicil  tin- jiist  iiidi^'iuitidii  iiC  all  lowariU  Ii'ih  inj 


a  i!i 


bail 


laroiis   innnlcrcr,-*, 


'iVNfic  ciniMi.  s  t(i 

IIIMlllll  lillij 


('i)ltiiirl  n  ilsiiii,  incsnit  at  tin-  iiifrr\ii'\v  Itrtwrcii  ilic  rliii  I'm  ami  ( 


iJuinwiir  ill   l/M,  lliiis  speaks  (il"  ('(ininlark :—"  Wlii-n  lie  arose,  Iii>  was  ii 
wise  coiitiisril  or  ilaiiiited,  ImiI  spoke  in  a  liistiiiet  ami  iimlilili 


Kiveriior 


I  1,11 


Ktainiiieiinir  or   repetition,  and  willi  |ti(iiliar  enipliasis.     His  innks,  ulij 

dressiii",'  Oiiiiiiiiin;  were  iiiily  ;;ranil  an<l  niajesuc  ;  yet  irri |'n|  and  aitri. 

1  have  iirard  the  lirst  orators  in  \'ir;:iiiia, —  I'ltlriik  llain/ t\\\i\   Hiilidnl  11, 


^"lee,  will,, ,11, 
'  ml. 


-hilt 


of  f  'nni 


slitik 


iie\er  liii\e  I   heard   one  whose  powers  old.  lueiv  siiipassed  ll 


III 


I'lH' 


Ten  VI  ars  alier  the  hloodv  afVair  aliove  related,  an  aii 


(iin: 


siiVs 


The   hlond   ol'  the  <'reat  ( 'oiiNSTot  k  and  o|' hi 


I'  writer  •  i||Hi|i  II 


tiiinvled  with  the  dii-t,  hut  their  nieniorv  is  not  lost  in  ohlivj 


s  ;rallaiit  s.  1 


on 


It 


I  ^^;.s 


III 


<i'\)  at  this  day  know  of  his  liite,  or  even  that  siieli  a  chief  i  \er  evislrdi  ,  |„| 
t!ie  same  time,  llu'  same  persons  would   lie  iiidi<iii,iiil,  were  we  in  >ii|,|i,ise 


at 


tln-iii  i;rnorant  ollhe  fate  ol  the  monster  I'izarn 

We  hear  of  one  son  who  survived  Corn.slork,  who  was  eoiispicnoi 


earlv  events  of  the  revoliitioi 


II 


e  was  a  eliiel,  and  known  aiiioie/  tl 


IS    III    Vdjlif, 


i)y  the  ncmeofthe  Woi.K.     Ih;  was  a  hoslaue,  w  itii  three  other>,  al  \\ 
hiiriih,  w  hen   (ioveriior  Diiniiioir  tied   on  'oard  a  inan-ot-war  to  ei 


II'  \\|  lIlTj 


fiii'V  ot'  the   revohiiionisls.     Alier  the   ";overnor  had   ifot  oil!  I 


lUiains. 
'I'l'  ilie 


e  SI  lit   Ini'  II, 


liKJiaiis  to  eoiiie   to   him,  wliieli   they  did.      Me    then    explnini d   to  lliiia  ihe '^ 
reason  of  his  lli^rht,  and  direeted  iln  in  to  fly  also,  or  tiiev  wiiiild  sun  h  lin 
murdered  tin*  next  day.    Tiny  llrd  into  tlie  woorls,  ai.  <  owiiiiito  llii'(|,iil, 
of  the  ni^'lit,  lost  one  ot'  their  rompanioiis,  and   the    h  >//'  and  aiiutlii  i- 
after  returned  to  \Villiaiiishiiri,di,  and  wer<>  well   reeeived    hy  the  iiili(i|ii';,|,i 
'J'lie  ohjeet  of  the  ;r<>\('riior  was  V'  ry  ol»\ioii 


Ili'-S 

"II 


As  ;rreat  a  warrior,  perhajis,  as  any  who  have  lived  atnoiij;  tiii!  nat 


inns 


west,  we  sh.dl  in  the  next  |)laee  proee d  to  jrive  an  aeeoiint  of.     This  wii,- 
I'O.NTIAK,  a  eliief  of  the  OttoAvay  nation,  whose  tiiiiie,  in  his  linn'.  v.;i 
aloii"  routined  to  his  own  continent ;  hut  the  f;ii/,  Itcs  of  I  !iirnj c  spreail  ii 


One  who  knew  this  chief,  and   the   tril 


i,ve 


wl 


ion 


I'l 


epeaks  of  them  in  l/ti."): — "Tli"  Indians  on  the  lakes  are  i;i  mralK 
witli  one  aniither,  having  a  wide  extended  and  friftfiil  cniiiiiry  iniiiir 
possession.  They  are  fornnid  into  a  sort  of  em|iire,  and  the  eiii|:i'i(  r  is 
elected  freiii  the  eldest  trih,',  which  is  the  Oltawawas,  soni-,'  ofwliniii  iil;,|iit 
near  our  fort  at  Detroit,  hut  an;  mostly  further  westward,  tow;  nls  ihe  Mi>,-is- 
sijipi.  Pi)i:tiitrl{  is  their  pn  sent  kiii<;  or  emperor,  who  has  certainly  lie  lai-st 
eiiij  iie  and  ,<ri'eatest  aiitiioiity  ot' any  Indian  ehiet' that  has  ap; farcil  1 11  iho 
(■oi.tineiit  since  our  ac<piaiiitaiic(!  wiili  it.  Il(^  |)iits  on  an  liir  of  inaj  >:y  imI 
|>riiicely  irnindeiir,  and  is  ^f'  atly  linimred  and  nnercd  hy  his  sifijci  is.'M 

In  17(10,  Major  [iniirr.i  iiiarch(Hl  into  his  country,  in  fnitilliiii:  his  iinlrisof ; 
disjil,  eiiiii'  till!   I''rench.  iiHer  the  fill  of  (inehee.];     Apprized  of  his  ap|  ivaih,, 
Poi.l'utl;  sent  ainhas.sadors  lo  inform  him  th;  t  their  cliiel  was  not  tiir  nlKiaid? 
desired   him  to  halt    until   iu- c  oii!d  see    him  "with  his  own  eyes,"  iiiiil  In  iii- 
loiiM  him  that  he  was  tiie  kiiiir  and  lord  of  the  coiiiitry, 

Ponlidk  soon  met  thi^  I'ln^rlish  ottieer,  and  demanded  his  hiisiness  iiiio  liisv^ 
ceiiiitry,  and  how  it  came  al>oiit  that  he  (hired  ent-r  it  w  ithoiit  his  ]M'nnisinn| 
When  ti:(;  cnlonel   told   liim  lie  had   no  (!esii;n  airaiiist  tlii^  Indians.  mihI 


w  isiied   to  reniov,' 


iilyl 
the   l''rencli,  their  coininoii  em  my,  and  cause  nl  all  ll rir?) 
troiihle,  deliveriiijr  him  at  the  same  timi!  si'veral  belts  of  waiiipinii,  I'nnlkk, 
replied,"!  stand  in  the  path   you  travel  in,  until  to-ir.orrow  ninniii :.',"  I'lull 
{(ave   him  a  helt.     This  commiinieiition  was  understood,  and  "wis  as  iniic" 
!«  to  Kay,"  Hays  the  actor,  "I   must  not  inarcli   further  without  his  liavi'. 


*  la  ^'icvy's  Mii<i'nm,  iv    140.  \   Rnm'rs's  Armvnt  nf  North  America, '1\0. 

X  Ciiuliri.s  is  ail  Algoiiquiu  word,  signifying'  a  Strail.     Ckarkvoix. 


f,   (iiln.'e!  coni 

hiir:i'il  any  ih 

i.  uaiiiois   to 

.  I'lild  lie  paid  I 

MjMif  parched 

1  ;.MI''  nie  the  | 

r.ioMi'cd  iiie  Ik 

..>  llilnll;fh    his 

jiii  III'  would  pi-i 

miiti'iid  •(!  hy  II 

niniiii'H  to   proti 

piirrlit  fir  Ihe  II, 

I- 1,     'le    likew 

:mI  »!'>(  end  ot'  I 

iii'i'iMiiilry.     II,. 

iK.iiil,  and  whih 

I,,  ilic  ilelai'liim 

iinjlliol'tli  '  strail 

JN,  ill  uliieji    In; 

«li"Uil'llire." 

Tills  s.iine  olIic( 

ai'i'.  and   wished 

aid  III' war.    Il(>  ( 

'iii'ii.ii  not  us  his 

;  J- II'  w.'.s  ahle,  ill 

•■\|'ri»i'd  a  d  sire 

iii'iillii'i'c,  he  woiil 

'  111'  Was  willinir  | 

:i!-iliiiiiiiiions,  lint 

III  III  tci  iindei'siand 

«i4's,  "lie  Would 

"I'liiii  die  scop,.  „f 

"■illi'i'tiiiii  lo  th,.  I 

'■■lol'hini  and  \u 

T"''  |>niici|ial  sc 

TmlTencJi  tinallv 

liiiliiiM  nations  wlio 

•I'"''- '"  hate  t!i(!  l\i 

■'""H-'li.  until   he  ha 

•i' Il  liiidne.ssand  , 

"•'1'^.  U'yaiidois,    1', 

"'""''''■•'fe'''>L'f,  eoiLst 

mn'.h, 

i'licre  was  more  s 
ij'iiiviitlier  of  his 

I  •t'ontliir's  war,"  ]„. 
f  "'  n-edit,  all  of 
1"'^  "I'  ll()f,..«  of  l);ir 

"■iiiti'd  t(»r  it.     The 

"i""f'l,  and  an  ottei 

"!■ '  f.'''cat  .sagacity, 

!  ?'•'"■  '*■'"'  ''''"'opei 
»;"'  dcpeiifl  entire 

'""'•''•  Ih  (i<'iieral  .J 
I  '■''!'  ''viilonn^r  th,.  ,., 

""'"'"■".  and  he  s,.nt 
""JVi^^il.ated  alMe 

Jio 


k  * 


linsiiK'ss  ini"  lii9| 

lit  his  V''i'iii''^^""| 

lliuliiiiis.  iinil  "iily| 

i-iuise  (if  iill  ll''if| 

k-aiiipiiiii,  /'";i''"*| 

i\v  iiioniii'i-'ri"'?| 


,.«.-■   II'  J 


PONTIAK. 


51 


iHi.'< 


!  i'oiitimics;  "  Wlini  h"  tli'imrtrd  foillic  iiiiilit,  lie  iiifjiilrrd  ulicllior 
Miiiti'il  >i>i>  lliiiiu'  that  lii- <'iiiiiili.\  iil)i>i<lril,  1111(1  [\\'  I  ili(l{  lie  woiill  .sciiil 
I,  uairioi'r^   to   h'li'li   il.     I   as^^iiicd    liim   iliat   an,\  |ii(i\i^iiiiis   llit'\  lir(iii<.'lit 


1 


)iiiiiil(l  !>•'  |»>>*l  '<*>"i  <»i*l  iIk'  >i*'Xt  *!)>>'  ^Vf  wrri-  r(ii|i|ilii'(l  In  iluiu  wiili  Ni-vniil 
i^,ir^  III'  iiat'clit'il  I'orii,  and  soiiif  otlicr  ihmm  ssarKs,  Al  mir  Ni'coiid  iiicitiii^. 
y:[\i'  MIC  III)'  I'ipc  ••('  |ii'a<-)',  and  Ixitli  (it'  \[s  liy  Inrns  ^nl(lkl'd  willi  it;  and 
l^ii..r.iii'cd  IMC  lie  had  mad  '  peace  wilh  ine  and  im\  ih'lachiiicMt  ;  that  I  Mii^iht 
pa>^  tlii'(iii;.di  his  (-(innlrv  iinniol  sted,  and  reiie\e  (he  rreiich  ;rai'i'i>()M  ;  and 
ll,;,l  lie  NNdiild  |ii'(>lccl  III' and  ni_\  |iart\  rnmi  aii_\  iiisnils  that  ini^iht  he  iilliicd 
^iiitciuh'd  h\  Ihi'  linhaiiiH :  mid,  a^  ail  earin  Nt  ol' his  rriend.>'hi|),  lie  ."ciil  1(10 
mrrioiH  t<»  lUdreel  and  assist  us  in  diivini:  1(10  liit  callle,  whicli  we  hati 
jpiiiflit  !(ii'  the  ^1^1'  (irihc  delachni  lit  I'ntin  rill>liMr;;li,  hv  the  way  (d"!'!'.  sipii 


l|< 


likewise   sent    t(»    the 


se\e 


d    Indian  towns    on  the    snntli 


lo 


Hill  wot  end  (>r  Lake  I'.iie,  to  iiiliiriii  tliein  thai  I  had  his  eoiiseiit  Id  eoiiie  iiitc* 
liiMiiiiiitry.  lie  all 'iiiled  me  ci>iisiaiill\  alter  this  int. 'I'view  till  lairixtdat 
|i,i<<iil,  and  while  I  reniiiiiied  in  the  eimntiy,  and  was  the  means  of  |ii'i  s.tv- 
i„  liic  detaclimeiit  from  the  fury  of  llii'  liidiaiis,  who  had  assemliliil  at  llio 
jiiiili  iil'tli '  strait,  w  ith  an  intent  to  cut  us  oil!  I  had  scNcnd  conti'rences  w  iili 
111,  ill  whicli  he  iliseov*tr<.*d  great  htren^th  ot' judgment,  and  a  thirst  nflcr 
,iiiiulcil,L''e.'' 
riii-  Mine  ollicer  oliscrves,  that  he  discovered  niiieh  cnriositv  at  tlnir  eiiui- 


iid   wisliet 


1  to  know  how   their  i  lotlii 


s   were  made,  aiu 


I   lol 


earn  ll:eii 


Hill. 


iif  war.  Il«!  cxiiifsseda  willin<;ii<>ssto  arkiiowledirc  thi^  kin<.''ol  I! upland, 
•iiiiii.il  not  us  his  .superior,  hut  as  his  uncle,  w  hieh  he  would  acknowli  (!;[;(•, 
).  11'  was  idile,  ill  furs.  ICn^daiid  was  much  in  his  tlioii<:'lils,  and  he  olitiii 
,\jiii?>(il  a  d  sire  to  see  it.  lie  tolil  ( 'olonel  l{(iiri  rs  that,  if  ia^  would  conduct 
iiiiiillii'i'e,  lie  Would  ^\\r  iiini  a  part  of  his  eoimtry. 

■  111'  was  willing  to  ^'raiit  tiic  r!n;.disli  liiMtrs,  and  allow  them  to  settle  in 
lij. iliiiiiiiiions,  hut  not  mil.  ss  he  could  \)v  viewed  as  soNcrei^ii :  aMd  lie  ^avt; 
ill  III  til  understand,  that,  unless  they  conducted  themstdvt's  a^reeahly  to  iiis 
wishes,  "  1 1(!  would  shut  up  the  way,"  ar  I  keep  tlieni  out.  Ileiice  il  is  liiir, 
nilliiii  iIm!  scop.'  of  the  niosi  reasoiial 


iiiijeeture,  to  eonclude,  that  !:is  huid 

atii'ctidii  to  the  lliiiiiisli  wasowinu'  to  lliuir  liauj^lity  carriaj,'i',.iMd  niaitreat- 
:,:i::l  (il'liim  and  his  people. 

Till'  |iriiicipal  sci  lies  of  his  prowess  wpro  nt  Michilimakiiiak  and  Detroit. 
Till' I'l'ciicli  linally  ^a\(>  up  possession  in  I'anada,  in  I7(i0;  hut  many  of  the 
liiiliaii  nations  who  hid  heeome  atta(died  to  them  were  t;ui<;lit,  at  the  saiiiu 
iiiiit',  t(i  liate  tlio  l']ii;;lish.  I'onlUtk  \\as  most  eonspicuoiis  in  his  enmity,  al- 
iliiiiii'li,  until  iie  had  united  the  strength  of  niKiiy  Irihes  to  his,  Ik^  sliowei' 
iRiil  I  iiuliiess  and  friendship  towards  them.  The  ftliamis,  Otiawas,  ("hippc- 
iv.is,  Wyandots,  I'ottow atomies,  JMississaizas,  Slinwanese,  Ottafiamics,  and 
Winiii'hagoL's,  constituted  his  power,  a.s,  in  atlor-tiiiie,  they  did  that  of  Tc- 
1  fiim,'((/i. 

Tlicro  was  inoro  system  einploycd  by  this  distiiifriiished  man  than,  ixM'haps, 
lijmiy  (itlier  of  his  countiymen  upon  any  similar  undertakinjr,  la.t  excepting 
tmxMdnronvA  or  Ttciimsch.  In  his  war  of  I7()."{,  which  is  justly  denominated 
'Ponliiic^s  war,"  he  appointed  a  commissary,  and  he<faii  to  make  and  issuis 
liill> of  credit,  all  of  which  he  atU'rwards  carefully  redeemed.  He  made  his 
lill.<  ar  notes  of  hark,  on  wliitdi  was  drawn  tiie  hirnre  of  the  eomniodity  he 
»;mti'(l  for  it.  The  sliape  of  an  otter  was  drawn  nndrr  that  of  the  arti(de 
«aiit('(l,  and  an  ot!er  was  the  insi^'iiia  or  arms  of  his  nation,  iie  had  also, 
ivi.li  (.Tcat  sagacity,  urged  ii|)on  his  people  the  necessity  of  dispensing  ulto- 
t'liliorwitli  European  commodities,  to  have  no  intercourse  with  any  whites, 
aiiil  til  depend  entirely  upon  their  ancient  modes  of  procining  sustenance.* 

Miijiir  (lladwln  held  piissession  of  Detroit  in  17(>.'{.  Having  h(>en  de;M»atclied 
lliillici'  liy  (ieneral  .Jmlwr.'it,  he  had  liieu  informed  hy  commissioners  who  iiad 
''■'in'xploring  the  country,  that  hostile  feelings  weie  manifested  among  th.3 
'iiiliiiiis,  and  lie  sent  men  on  jmrimse  to  ascertain  the  fact,  who,  on  their  re- 
liini,  dissipated  all  fears. 

"Ill  I7G'V'  says  Major  Rogers,  "when  I  wont  to  throw  provisions  into  the 


*  Jiogers's  Concise  Aixount  of  North  America,  'i-fk 


.1 


■S  :... 


PONTIAK  CAPTURES  MICIIILIMAKINAK. 


[Book  V 


\\M    mil    III*! 

rs  liiul  hriMifrlit  news  to  tlio  fort  tit  iMirliiliiiKikiiiiik,  tliMt  il,,, 
)stili'  to  the  Kiijrlisli.  Major  Ellieringlon  coiiiiiiiiiKh'd  thf  .,,.,|. 
Id    lielicve  luithiiiff  of  it.      A    Mv.  Ducliarme  cdi) i,i.,r^  i 


garrison  at  Detroit,  I  sent  tliis   [luliaii  a  i)ottln  of  hnuidy  by  n  Frondini 
Iliw  coimsplloi's  adviHcd  liiiii  not  to  taste  it,  iiisiiiiiatiii<r  that  "it  was  iioi^oi,  .| 
end  sent  with  a  desijin  to  kill  him  ;  hut  /^o?i/pw/.-,  with  a  iiohh  ncss  oj' HijI  ,|' 
langhed  ai  their  siispicirms,  sajiiif,'  it  was  not  in  my  |»ow(  r  to  kill  /,/»,  ,y|' ' 
had  so  lately  saved  m)/  lit*  "  * 

Se\eral  traders 
Indians  were  lios 

riisoii,  and  would    iielieve  luitliinjr  of  it.      A    JMr.  Ducluirmc  edniiiiiinicitc 
the  intiirmalion  to  th-'  nidjor,  who  was  much  (lis|ilease(l  at  it,  "and  tlncjn m  | 

to  send  the  next  ]terson  mIi'- shouUl  hring  a  story  of  the  sumi!  kind  a  mi^, 

to  Detroit."! 

Tiie  ^'.•"•risoii,  at  this  time,  eonsisted  ofJIO  men,  besides  two  siihjilt(  insiiiid 
tli(>  romni.iuder  In-cliief.  Tliere  were  also  at  the  fort  foin-  Kn«;lisli  nieic|i;i'||t< 
Little  rejrard  was  |)aid  to  tli  >  asse.:!iblin<r  tif  sunilry  bands  of  Indijuis,  iis  iIk  v 
a])|ieare(|  Iriendly;  but  wh.-n  nearly -100  of  them  were  seatt:  red  u|)  .-ukI  ,|,,,,|, 
tliron^diont  the  plaee,  "  I  took  the  fiberty,"  says  Mr.  Hninj,  "of  ohscniiMr  ,„ 
Major  FAherimrlon^  that,  in  my  judgment,  no  eonfidenee  ou<rht  to  he  iilmid 
in  theiu  :  in  retiu'ii,  the  major  only  rallieo  me  on  my  timidity." 

On  the  fonrtli  of  June,  the  kind's  birth  day,  the  Indians  hi'<.''an,  a<  if  fdjumK. 
themselves,  to  play  at  a  favorite  <:a!ue  ol'  ball,  which  they  called  lia<fi;(ti'.u'(i» 
which  is  thus  descrit)ed  by  Mr.  Mjjri/; — "It  is  played  with  a  hat  and  |i;,j| 
tiie  bat  bein^  about  foiu- li-et  in  lenirth,  curved,  aiul  terminated  iiia^nriii 
raeke;.  'I'wo  ]uists  are  |:laced  in  the  ground,  at  a  eonfi  lerable  distiiiicr  iVni 
each  (i.iier,  as  a  mile  or  n;ore.  Kach  party  li:;S  its  pcjst,  and  the  gaii:c  ci  n. 
sisrs  ill  throwing  the  ball  ii|i  to  the  jiost  of  the  adversary.  The  hall,  sit  tli,. 
l':'^imiing,  is  placed  in  the  middle  of  the  eonrse,  and  each  jiarty  ci!i!eav(,j-s; , 
w«!ll  to  throw  the  ball  out  of  the  direction  of  its  own  post,  as  into  that  ol'  tip 
adversary's.  This  fiirce  drew  many  olf  their  guard,  and  some  of  the  gani^ii:, 
went  out  to  witness  the  .-port. 

"Th(>  game  of  baggiitiwiiy,  (he  continues,)  as  from  the  descri])tinii  mIhivc 
will  liave  been  perceived,  is  necessarily  attended  w  ith  much  noise  and  vin- 
lence.  In  the  ardor  of  contest,  the  ball,  as  has  been  suggested,  if  it  ciiiunt 
be  thrown  to  the  goal  desired,  is  struck  in  any  direction  by  wjiicji  it  cim  he 
diverted  from  that  designed  by  the  adversary.  At  such  a  moiiieiit.  tlicicllnc, 
notlii-ig  coidi!  be  less  liaiile  to  excite  premature  alarm,  than  that  the  hall  >|,r'  1,1 
be  to.-s'  d  .ver  the  piekrts  of  the  fort,  nor  thtit,  having  fallen  there,  it  s-JmiiM 
bo  ibllowed,  oi  the  instant,  by  all  engtiged  in  the  game,  as  well  the  one  |iinv 
a.s  the  other,  all  eager,  all  striving,  all  shouting,  all  in  the  unrestrained  |iiii>ii;t 
of  a  rude  rvii'!etie  exercise."  And  this  was  their  plan,  while  in  the  liei<;lit  (/,' 
their  gaiiKj  to  throw  tix-ir  liall  within  the  ])ickets  of  the  Ibrt,  and  then  ,i|]  lo 
nish  ill,  and,  in  the  midst  of  their  hubbub,  to  murder  the  garrison ;  and  ii 
sueceedi'd  to  their  wishes.  They  struck  tlie  ball  over  the  stockade,  ns  it'liv 
accident.  -WM  repeated  it  several  times,  running  in  iind  out  of  the  tint  with  nil 
freedom,  "to  make  tiie  deception  more  cotnplete  ;"  \  and  then,  rushing  in  in  '■ 
every  direction,  took  possession  of  the  jilace  without  the  least  resistance. 

They  murdered  the  soldiers,  until  their  iiuniber.s  were  so  diininisheil,  tlwt 
tliey  apjireheiidrd  nothing  iW>m  tie"  resistance;  many  of  whom  weir  iini- 
sonied  at  Montreal  atlerwards,  at  a  great  jirice.  Seventy  were  put  to  dt'iiili, 
and  the  other  twenty  reserved  tor  slaves.  A  few  days  aft»>r,  a  Imfit  Inim 
Montreal,  widiont  knowing  what  had  hapiiened,  came  ashore  with  Kn;.'li>li 
passengers,  w  ho  all  It'll  into  the  hands  of  the  Iiulians.  Poniink  was  imt  |ht- 
sonally  concerned  in  this  all'air,  but  it  was  a  part  of  his  design,  and,  tliiic 
fore,  is  very  properly  here  related.  A  chief  named  Meneliwehna  was  tiie 
commander  in  that  aA'air.  § 

It  was  only  l.*?  days  from  the  time  the  first  blow  was  truck,  before  Pontiak 
had  taken  [lossession  of  every  garris'^-i  in  the  west  excejit  three.    No  liis  i 

*  The  Ablic  Rnynal,  wlioin  up  followed  in  liic  fornior  pdilions,  (not  then  possessing  Ro^'n't 
own  account,)  docs  not  luirralc  lliis  circmnsUuice  Cailhruliy,  | 

t  '<  ra\cls  in  ("aiiada,  hy  Ale.rtiml'r  Hiiinj,  Es(|.,  Croni  wliich  the  following  account  of  llie  ■ 
destruction  of  Micliiliiuakiiiak  is  taken. 

\  Caiver's  Travels,  I'J,  20.  edit.  8vo.  Lond.  1784.  §  Uennj's  Travels,  «(  snfu. 


CHiP.  IIF.]        PON' 

tiian  10  were,  in  thi 
aistaiit  region,  and, 
brink  ol"  tiie  nio;*t  a 
Tlie  iniiiies   ol"  tin 
Presii'lsle,  on  ornea 
u|ii)n  tiie  river  of  tli 
ii|i(m  the  Oiiab.icliu; 
Tlie  garrison  at  D 
!k'  news  of  the  mi 
.'arrisdiied  by  about 
alilioiigli  ill  great  mn 
and  Inouglit  so  main 
(iili.r  ill  tlie  mind  o 
litilf  distance  Irom  tl 
rail'  to  trade,  and,  j) 
till' )inrpose  ol"  "bri" 
liirilieople.     No  siisp 
.«ilP(l,  and  tJie  next 
Tlic  same  eveninir, 
li»iii  a  (Ireadful   ma; 
iiKiccasiiis  Ihr  Major  i 
and  ivtiiriK'd  the  "rem: 
lilt'  major  wished  lier 
eluded  to  give  the  oil 
k  lici-scli;     !>5ln'  \vas 
lliosc  wiiose  diitv  it  w, 
'•itw  llie  gates  I'br  the 
i"i''riiig  in  the  area. 
Till"  major,  being  i„lbr 
'il"'''  I  into  Jiis  pre.seiK 
J  part  he/ore  the  gates 
Nii'di.iiiot  wish  totakf 
iiib answer  was  didiv 
»ii.sli,Ml  witii  if,  and  as 
'''-I?  It  lii  tlie  tirsf  pi; 
iyuA  it  away  now,  .< 
It  "as  now-  evident  tl 
;fi'iL''te,    hut    was    r, 
'■■■yir  ahidwin  that  sin 
"'""'■'''■''.   if  the  inlori 
'[■'■■'oiMe-tlii,,,  in  coi 
'"«''  t!ic  garri.son,  am 
Mill,  uini.d  come  to  tl 
,    ,:!'  7'''<-,.al   it   iiiidei 
'  ";"''•  'Ifiiv.'ring  his  SI 
;''  '",  ^vampnni,  and 
,  "'"■  "l<il«'  the  coiaicil  \ 
^'*'iil'!r  w.thiii  tin.  li.rt 
I  ^'"JMy  uilh  the  garri.Mi, 
,,"■'»''',-■  ^"t  all  tl,,.  imil 
,-'^'i'';/''''/'n,,  hailevei 
^•'I'l''  st.-te    lor   d,./;., 
"^"'■■'■<l  f.'em  how  to 
[■"■|;"'-'"'""l'!i''tr..deo 
,      '"'  "  ■'^'  iiion.inr  ha 
'■V;"'';>!'-l,onr  orH,. 
I  »J"J 'I  Twni.- ex,  reise  hi  (1 


■"'"'•alcdhylhrFrnwl,,  V 
P  -l-l"bH!uic.l..,|.'J 

F"-'n.„s,,u.,|„i.,0„u.„. 


•:ii"  !■; 


Nj'i-'.l'lioii 


Chap.  HI]        PONTIAK— STllATAGEM  TO  TAKE  DETROIT. 


>3 


tliau  10  were,  in  this  (<iiort  s|)act',  reduced.  Detroit  alone  remained  in  that 
fiistuiit  resrion,  and,  as  will  pn'.s^'utly  be  sei.'n,  tiiis  wats  l)iO((;;lit  Id  t!ie  v'ry 
brink  ol'  llie  most  asvlid  pretjipice  «!'  uiiieli  tiie  inia^inalion  can  coiK-eivc. 
I'lie  names  ot"  those  captured  at  this  lime  were  l,e  iJovil",  \  enango, 
Presil'lsle,  on  or  iit'ar  Lake  l:^fic  ;  l,a  IJav,*  upon  Laiie  Mieiii<ra.i ;  St.  Jo.-epli'a, 
mioii  tlie  river  ol"  that  name:  Miami-;,  njion  tlie  .Miami  Uiver:  Onaeht.inon, 
uiiiin  till' Unal)ache  ;  Sandusky,  u[ion  Lake  .liintmdat ;  and  Miciiiiiinakinak.f 
The  garrison  at  Detroit  was  closely  bi'siejred  hy  Pontine,  in  person,  heloie 
lln;  news  ol'  the  massacre  of  l''ort  Michiliniakinak  arrivi'd  llnre.  It  was 
jaitisoned  hy  ahont  ;}oO  men,  and  when  Pontine  came  with  his  warriors, 
iililioiijrh  in  great  mnnhcrs,  tlie}  were  so  int  'rmixed  with  women  and  childrc'n. 
ami  lnonght  so  many  conunodities  lor  trad  ■,  tliiit  no  sns|iieion  was  excited, 
ei;li,r  ill  the  mind  oi"  .Ahijor  (jlniwin,  ov  the  inhaiiitants.  ile  encampiMl  u 
liitle  distance  Irom  the  liirl,  and  sent  to  the  major  to  inl'orm  him  tliat  he  w;is 
oiiiii'  to  trade,  and,  preparatory  thereto,  wished  to  hold  a  talk  with  him  Tor 
lilt' |)iirpose  of  "  brightening  the  ehaii.  ol"  peace  "  bt.'tw,  en  the  J'lnglisli  and 
Ills  people.  No  suspicion  was  yet  (Uiiert.iined,  and  tlie  niiijoi  readily  eon- 
seiitrd,  and  the  next  morning  was  li.xcf,  upon  lor  the  council. 

The  same  evening,  a  circumstance!  transpiretl  which  saved  the  garrison 
from  ii  dreadl'til  iiiassaere.  An  Indian  woman,  who  liad  maile  a  jiair  of 
iiKK'ciisins  I'or  Major  Gbilwin,  out  of  a  curious  elk  skin,  brought  them  to  him, 
and  iv'tiirned  the  remainder  of  thi'  skin.  Jieing  much  pleased  with  thi'iii, 
die  iiiiijor  wished  her  to  take  the  skin  and  make  another  pair,  us  ln'  had  con- 
cludi'd  to  give  the  oilirrs  to  a  friend,  anil  what  was  lelt  to  make  into  slio.'s 
for  hiMsi'll!  She  was  then  jiuid  i()r  her  work,  and  dismissed.  But  when 
lliosc  whose  duty  it  was  to  see  that  the  I'ort  was  clear  of  strangers,  and  to 
clojc  the  gates  l()r  the  night,  went  upon  their  duty,  tliis  woman  was  Ibnnd 
loitTiiig  in  the  area,  and,  l)eing  asked  what  she  wanted,  made,  no  reply. 
Tilt'  iiiiijor,  being  inH^irmed  of  lier  singular  demeanor,  din  cted  her  to  be  eon- 
(liiclcl  into  his  presence,  which  being  done,  he  ask.d  her  why  slit;  did  not 
d'lart  helbre  the  gates  were  shut.  She  replied,  with  some  In  sitation,  that 
sill' dill  not  wish  to  take  away  the  skin,  as  In;  s(;t  so  great  a  value  upon  it. 
Tills  answer  was  delivered  in  such  a  manner,  that  the  major  was  rath  r  dis- 
atisii 'il  with  ir,  and  asked  h,'r  why  she  bad  not  made  the  same  objection  <jn 
liL.i;.'  it  iii  the  lirsr  [jlaee.  This  r.ither  confuse, I  her,  and  siie  said  that  if 
s:i'tii)k  it  away  now.  Am  n;'ver  should  be  able  to  n  turn  it. 

k  Wiis  uosv  evident  that  she  withheld  something  which  she  wish  'd  to  eoiri- 
iiiiiiiiL' ite,  but  was  restraiiu.'d  through  lear.  Hut  on  being  assured  by 
Jliijiir  (UaJivin  that  she  should  not  be  betrayed,  but  should  be  p;oteet"d  and 
tcWui'ili'd,  il'  the  iulormation  was  valuable,  she  said  that  the  ehieis  who 
ver  to  me  t  him  in  council  the  next  d  ly  had  eo  trived  to  murder  him,  and 
laki'  the  garrison,  and  jtnt  all  the  inh.d)itaiits  to  dea  h.  Each  ehirf.  she 
tiiil,  uiiiiid  come  to  thr  council,  with  so  much  cut  oli  of  his  gun,  that  he 
euiild  concai  it  under  his  blanket ;  that  Ponlinc  was  to  give  the  signal, 
ivliili;  delivering  his  spe;  cli,  whici'  was,  when  he  slioiiKI  draw  his  p  ace 
lull  (if  \vani|ium,  and  present  it  to  the  major  in  a  cert. .in  manner;  and 
lint,  while  the  council  was  sitting,  as  many  of  tin;  warriors  as  could  slion  d 
VMiiil  li'  w  .thin  the  f()rt,  armed  in  the  sam,'  manner,  under  the  pret.nce  of 
trail!, iji-  with  the  garri.-(ni. 
lliuini;-  got  .'ill  the  iniormation  necessary,  the  woman  was  discharged,  and 
.Hiijiir  (I'ldicin  had  every  |)ieeaution  taken  to  put  the  garrison  into  the  best 
pus.-ilde  st.,te  lor  deli.'iice.  Ile  imparted  the  disrovery  to  his  men,  and 
iiislrurU'd  t!'em  how  to  u''t  at  the  approaching  council ;  at  the  s  ime  time 
Kiidiii;;  ti)  ad  llie  tr.id'.'is  in  did'erent  directions  to  be  upon  their  gnai<l. 
Till' II  xt  moriiiiig  having  arrived,  every  eoiiiiteiianee  wo.e  a  dillercnt 
•si«'it ;  the  hour  of  the  coimcil  was  fast  approaching,  and  the  (piick  step 
I  iiid  ni'rvou.^  ex,  rciso  in  ovcy  evo  ution  of  the  soldiers  w.ro  expressive  of 

Sii(alli.M|  liy  ilir  KroMcli,  wlm  Imll  il,  ln'causc  it  ^lnod  iU  llic  cvlrciiiily  ol  ii  li.iy  :ii  !\liclii- 
1,1.1 1,<|  ••  l^e  lluii'ilc^  I'liiiiil-,."  iiinv  (irri'ii  I'ay.     Ii  w,i~;   uiki'ii  In  ilu;  IMi.iiu.ii.ii c-.  ;  llio 
piiivi.i  I  MiisiNif.j  (Il  .«)  iiK'ii.     S,'u  T'li/'Cf/''*-  'i'liivul.s,  21,  'ZZ. 
\  lio.iiiii'.i,s  Oliid  lAi)o>liloii,  liil.  Iii. 

5* 


;  i'. 


M.U.-.: 


M 


PONTIAK— SIKGR  OF   I)F/rR()IT. 


[Rook  V 


CHir.  HI] 


PONT 


ui  approach infj  event,  hijf  witli  tluiir  destiny.  It  was  JirijjhtPiind  in  tlip  im 
night,  winMi  a  vvy  was  hoard  in  tiic  fndian  rncanipniont  dJHiin m  from  li   , 

I  Fill  *  i*  '■!!      W  1 1 1 1 L 

on  pcacf!  occasKMiH,  I  hv  jiarrisson  hrcs  were  «'xtiii<riiisli(.(|  .  i 
every  (nan  rc|)ain'd  to  ids  post.  IJiit  tlic  cry  beinjf  in  ard  no  nion-  tli("i''! 
niainder  of  tlii;  nijrlit  was  jtasscd  in  sih-nce. 

Tii(!  appointed  lionr  of  ten  o'cdock  arrived,  and  also  as  pnnctnal  anivc  | 
Pontine  and  his  ."K!  chiefs,  folhtwed  by  a  train  of  warriors.  Wiien  tiie  sin, 
uhited  innnhtT  iiad  entered  the  ),'arrison,  the  jrates  were  chjscd.  TIk.  ilmi^ 
ohservecl  attentively  th(!  troops  inider  arms,  niarchinj,'  from  place  to  iilu, ,. . 
two  cohnnns  nearly  inclosinj?  the  conncil  honse,  and  hotii  liiciii<r  tow.-inj.;  it' 
On  Pontiiic's  (Miterinfr  it,  he  demanded  of  Major  (Umlwin  tlie  <-aiisc  of  so 
nnicii  parade,  and  why  his  men  wer(^  nnder  arms ;  Ik;  said  it  was  an  odd 
maimer  of  laddinji  a  conncil.  The  major  told  him  it  was  only  to  excnisi. 
them.  The  Indians  hi  in<f  seated  upon  the  skins  pnpared  for  theni  I'diiHiii 
connnenced  his  speech,  and  when  he  (•ame  to  the  sijinal  of  iiresciitiii"  tho 
belt,  tlu!  j;overiior  imd  his  attendants  drawinir  their  swords  half  out  of  ^|||.jr 
scabbards,  and  the  soldiers  elinchinjr  their  ".Mins  with  firmness,  discovered  to 
the  (diitdis,  by  their  prcnliar  attitudes,  that  their  plot  w.is  disi  ovind.  /'o/i/w 
with  all  his  bravery,  turned  |>ale,  and  every  chief  showed  si},nis  of  astonisli.' 
meiit.  '!"o  avoid  an  open  detection,  the  si>,'nal  in  passinfi;  \\n>  belt  was  not 
given,  and  Poji^ifjc  closi'd  his  s|)eech,  which  contained  many  professions  of 
respect  and  aHeetion  to  the  English.  J{nt  when  Major  Gludwm  coniiiieiin  d 
his,  he  did  not  liiil  directly  to  reproach  Pontine  with  treachery;  told  liim  j^ 
cotdd  not  do  any  thing  to  insnan;  the  English,  and  that  he  knew  Ids  \vlio|(> 
diabolical  plan.  Pontine  tried  to  excuse  himsellj  and  to  make  Major  (Umlwin 
beli<!V(^  that  he  bad  laid  no  |)lot ;  upon  which  the  major  stepped  to  the  chief' 
nearest  himself,  and,  drawing  aside  his  blanket,  exposed  his  short  gun,  wlijch 
completed  their  coidiision. 

The  gov(n-nor,  for  such  was  Major  Glaifmn,  ordered  Pontine  to  leave  tin; 
fort  immediately,  for  it  would  be  with  difticulty  he  could  restrain  Ids  men  ' 
from  cutting  him  in  |ii(  ces,  should  they  know  tii;'  circumstances.  Tin'  irci. 
ernor  was  afterwards  blamed  fitr  thus  suffering  them  to  withdraw,  withimt 
retaining  several  of  them  as  hostages  iVir  the  (piiet  l)ehavior  of  the  rest ;  Imt 
he,  having  passed  his  word  that  they  shoidd  come  aiul  go  without  liiiidiiancp 
or  restraint,  ni(nit(  (I,  perhaps,  loss  censure  lor  k(  ejjing  it,  and  n spectiii^'  his 
honor,  than  those  who  reproached  liiin. 

A  furious  attack  was  the  next  day  made  upon  the  foit.  Every  strataL'cin 
was  resorted  to.  At  one  time  they  fill(?d  a  cart  with  c(nnhustibles,  and  ran 
it  against  the  |)ick(tH,  to  set  them  on  fire.  At  another,  they  were  almMi  to  >  t 
fire  to  the  church,  by  shooting  fiery  arrows  into  it;  but  religions  s(iii|j|.s 
averted  th(!  execution, — a  French  priest  telling  Pontine  that  it  wouhl  cill 
down  the  aiig(!r  of  (iod  upon  him.  They  hail  fi'equently,  during  tln' siiir", 
endeavitred  to  cut  down  tlu^  jjickets  so  as  to  make  a  breacii.  Major  (I'luhrin 
CTdrired  his  men,  at  last,  to  cut  on  the  inside  at  the  same  time,  and  assist  ihin!. 
This  was  done,  and  when  a  breach  was  made,  there  was  a  rush  iipcn  die. 
oiiiside  towards  the  linach,  and  at  the  same  instant,  j.  brass  fotir-ponmlir, 
which  had  been  levelled  for  the  purpose,  was  s'lot  off,  \vliich  made  a  drcil- 
fnl  slanght"r  among  them.  After  this  they  merely  blockaded  the  fiirt,  and 
cut  off  its  suftplies,  and  the  English  were  reduced  to  the  greatest  disircss 
and  f()r  some  time  sulisisted  upon  half  rations. 

Tlivre  was  great  ditheidty  in  throwing  succor  into  the  siarrisoii  ai  Dciniit, 
as  there!  v\  as  such  an  extent  of  country  between  it  ami  th  otler  most  uct- 
ern  posts,  in  possession  of  the  English.  Fort  Pitt  and  \iagara  had  In'  n 
besi.g'  (I,  and  all  communication  for  a  long  time  cut  ofV;  the  fi)rrMer  had  Ihmi 

reduccvl  to  gnsat  extremities,  but  they  wi  re   at   length  reliivid  by  ('<>! I 

liimi/nrt.  (Japtain  Dtljiell  was  at  the  same  time  sent  for  tln'  nlicf  of  Dilmii, 
where  he  arrived  on '.i!)  .Inly,  I7(i;{.*  A  bloody  scene  was  sliorMy  to  lolinw, 
Captain  Didi/eM,  with  'il?  men.  went  out  of  the  f()rt  to  surprise  I'untuir  m  Iih 
cuin|) ;  but  the  wary  chief  liad  runners  out,  who  gave  liim  timely  iiotiic,  and 


lie  met  tlictn  in  an  adv 

ID(|  concealed  behiinl 

10  pass,  poured  in  npo 

tiiit  tlii-y  kept  their  oi-d 

jailjiist  passed.     The 

iiiiiin,<:  whom  was  Vi\\ 

iiii'Oiriniand,  and  Lieu 

iirt.    This  bridge,  wJa 

Jfoof/y  liridfre. 

Punliae  ordered  the 

[Kist.    Hetween  eighty 

bli'e  the  next  morinn; 

U'c  liavc!  thought  pr 

iiiir  liisiories,  but  liavin;. 

I'frji  .imhersl,  minnte'i 

IK  will  lay  it  befbrc;  the 

nil!  Im'  se(!n  that  tile  coi 

iiii|ii)rtaiit  features. 

"On  the  eveinng  ofti 

=ral  .Imhersi,  being  arrivi 

ami  heiiig  fiilly  |M'rsiiad» 

•iinii   abandon  his  desi 

ikey  might  easily  be  sui 

of  the  settlement;  and 

>liniild  inarch  out  with 

iioiirafh-r  two  in  the  in 

sp'  ,t\vo  boats  up  the  ri\ 

lokccp  up  with  the  lint 

ani'  wounded  ;  Lh'Utcnai 

niilia  rear  guard,  to  coi 

mill' and  a  half  li-oin  tin 

aliarkcd  in  the  front,  to 

sliiiiit  a  mile  liirther,  our 

ol'tlic  "Mth  reginuuit,  had 


liouqueCs  Expcdilion,  Iiilrod.  iv. 


aiid  rover,  that  tin;  fire, 
oiliis  party,  but  reaclu 
foiil';:sioii ;    but   th'y   sot 
raiiicr  tlii'ir  works,"  it   I 
loniMiaiided    by  (,'aptaii 
('apiain  (Irani,' \\vvv.  Vm 
liirdsoii  his  Icfi';  on  ^1 
l"iii''>^  to  file-   to  the    I, 
a|ipi'.iniig  that    the   ene 
orders  to  (^iptniii    Cmn 
Iwcs;  which  he  iiimie, 
wn,  win.  told  him,  the  - 
"I' "111'  dsign.     Captain 
sIkivcDOO;  and  that  the 
iniiit,  to  gi't  betw((en  us  a" 
.rt',«h<)caiiu'  to  him  wh 
.""''■■iiiit'  to  lii  n  again,  an 
mill  I"  ii'arch  in  the  li-ont 
td.iind  'dciiit  half  a  iniU 
'I'^'l.iiik;  hut  got   possesi 
J'ls  as  I,,'  goi  th  re,  hi;  1 
""i''"'ilii'|iigonhisown  p 
'  '11''  M'lhufri,!,^  who  ni 
''H't.iiii  (Imnt,)  and   told 
'"■"vvvry  iiMic'i  wound  '. 
"iile:  astroiij  bn^astwork 

■"'  I'lSMNHJoii  of;  and 
'^  •i  t  /Iv^rt  iminciiatc'y 


CBAP.  HI] 


PONTIAK.— BATTLE  OF  BI-OODY  BRIDGE. 


.'>5 


lie  met  them  in  an  lulviiiitagcouH  \Aacv,  and,  Immhi^  vastly  siiporior  in  nunilxTs, 
md  concealed  beliiiid  a  pieket  fence,  near  a  hridj^n  wliijre  the  Euf^Tish  were 
lopasH,  pouriid  in  npon  them  a  dreadlnl  fire.  Many  fell  at  tiie  lirst  onset, 
but  tiiey  kept  tinsir  order,  and  exerti'd  themselv.  .s  to  regain  the  hridge  tlicy 
tail  just  passed.  They  cfii-eted  their  jinrpose,  hnt  many  (Idl  in  tiie  attempt, 
inioii;:  wliom  was  CJaptain  Dtih/ell.  'I'hc  fimious  IMajor  Rogers,  \\n'  second 
ijcoiiimnnd,  and  Lieutenant  lirthm,  with  ahont  2(;0  others,  recovered  tiic 
fort.  This  bridge,  wJjerc  so  many  hrave  men  were  shiin,  is  calhidto  this  day 
B(oo(/i/  liridsre. 

Pontine  onhu-ed  the  head  of  Captain  '*'ili/tll  to  lie  cnt  off  and  set  npon  8 
pojt.  Between  eighty  and  a  imndred  dead  bodies  were  counted  upon  tho 
jiridire  the  next  morning,  which  entir,  ly  blocked  up  its  passage. 

U'c  have  thought  proper  to  give  this  accomit  as  it  is  gem  rally  found  in 
our  iiislories,  but  liaving  been  put  in  poss.ssion  of  tin;  ollicial  r  turn  of  Sir 
uVi/  .Imherst,  minutely  (h^tailing  this  important  afliiir  of  IJIoody  liridge, 
«r  will  lay  it  befor«!  the  reader,  as  it  appeared  at  the  time.  l'"rom  which  it 
\iill  1)1'  seen  that  tile  connnon  report  is  probably  erroneous  in  some  of  its  most 
iiiijiortiiiit  features. 

"On  the  eventing  of  th«!  JJOth  of  July,  ('aptain  DaU/cll,  aid-de-eamp  to  Gi  n- 
m\'imliersl,  being  arrived  here  with  tlie  clctachment  sent  mnler  his  command, 
111(1  liciiig  fully  i)ersiiade<l  that  Pontine,  the  Indian  chief,  with  his  tribes,  would 
aioii  nhandon  his  design,  and  retire,  insisted  with  the  commandant,  that 
liifv  might  easily  be  sm*|)rised  in  their  camp,  totally  routed,  and  driven  out 
ofilio  settlemiiiit;  and  it  was  thereupon  determined,  that  Captain  DniijeU 
itimild  march  out  with  247  men.  Accordingly,  we  marched  about  half  an 
liouraHcr  two  in  the  morning,  two  deej),  along  the  great  road  by  the  riv«!r 
si'' , two  boats  up  the  river  along  shore,  with  a  patteraro  in  each,  with  onhirs 
tokiM'p  lip  with  tli(!  line  of  march,  cover  our  retreat,  ami  take  off  our  killed 
inii  wounded  ;  Lii^utenant  limn,  ol"  the  Qiieen's  Independents,  iMiiiig  ordered, 
mill  ii  rear  guard,  to  convey  the  dead  and  wounded  to  tin;  boats.  About  a 
mill'  and  a  half  from  the  fort,  we  had  orders  to  form  into  platoons,  and,  if 
aiiiickcd  in  the  fi'out,  to  fire  by  street-firings.  We  thiii  advanced,  and,  in 
aliiiiit  a  mile  fiirther,  oiu'  advanci  d  guard,  commanded  by  Lieutenant  Brown, 
ot'tlic  Mi\\  regiment,  had  been  finsd  upon  so  close  to  the  ememy's  breastworks 
ami  cover,  that  the  fire,  being  very  heavy,  not  only  kilUid  and  wounded  some 
of  his  party,  but  reached  the  main  body,  which  put  the  whole  into  a  littlu 
coiil':sion;  but  tb 'V  soon  n  covered  their  order,  and  gave  the  enemy,  or 
ratluT  their  works,  it  b  ing  very  dark,  a  discharge  or  two  from  tim  iiont, 
loniiiiaiided  by  Captain  (innj.  At  tiie  i-nme  tinui,  the  rear,  conmiandrd  by 
liiliiaiM  (Inml,  were  fired  upon  from  a  house,  and  some  fences  about  twenty 
vardson  his  left;  on  which  he  ordered  his  own  and  Ca|)tain  Hopkins^s  com- 
|i:iiii.'s  to  tiic"  to  the  I. 'ft,  and  give  a  full  fire  that  way.  After  which,  it 
a|i|ii<aring  that  the  enemy  gave  way  every  where,  ('aptain  Da'i/ell  sent 
ordiis  to  ('aptiun  (Irant,  to  take  possession  of  the  above-said  houses  and 
Irmrs;  wiiich  be  immediately  did;  and  fbimd  in  one  of  the  said  houses  two 
mill,  who  told  him,  the  enemy  had  been  there  long,  and  were  well  a|)jirized 
ol'oiii'  (j.  sign.  Captain  Vnint  then  asked  them  the  mmibers;  they  said, 
sliovi';iOO;  and  that  they  intended,  as  soon  us  they  had  att:icked  us  in  the 
ihiiit,  to  gi't  luitwiu'ii  us  and  the  fort ;  whieh  (/aptain  Grant  told  ('aptain  I)al- 
i/»(:',wlio  came  to  him  when  the  firing  was  over.  And  in  about  au  hoiu"  alter, 
liM'aiiie  to  hi  n  again,  imd  told  Captain  Grant  he  was  to  retire,  and  order,  d 
iiiin  lo  march  in  tin;  front,  and  post  himself  in  an  onthard.  lie  then  murch- 
til,  and  ij)  lilt  half  a  mile  farther  on  his  r.trcs.it,  he  had  some  shots  fired  on 
lii-tliiik;  but  got  possessior  of  the  orchard,  which  was  well  limced ;  and 
]|is  us  he  got  til  re,  he  heard  a  warm  tiring  in  the  rear,  having,  at  the  s:imo 
tiiiica  liring  on  his  own  post,  lioui  the  fences  and  corn-fields  behind  it.  Li  u- 
I  'ii't  M'Dnu'riil,  who  acted  as  'idjiUimt  to  ih-  di'lachmeut,  came  up  to  him, 
fii'laiii  (I'md/,)  and  told  hi:M,  thiit  (Captain  />///i/'^'/  was  kill "d,  and  Caiiiain 
(I'w/ Very  nnic'i  woinnl  'd,  in  mnking  a  push  on  thecn  iiiy,  and  forcing  iheui 
"nt  I'  Mstronj  breastwork  ol'co  d-wood,  nnd  an  intrenchmeiit  which  they  had 
' '."!  p'lSHxsion  of;  and  t'lat  tlie  co  nmniid  then  (l(;\olv(!d  npim  him.  Li  ii- 
li.  j;  t  Jicun  imm.diatoly  came  U]»,  and  told  him,  that  Captain  Rogers  hud 


I 


.('■>■: 


66  I'ONTIAK    ATTACKS   A   Vi;.S.Si:i.  AM)   IS  RI'PUr.SED.     fHoo 

dosinvl  liiiii  to  tell  ('aptniii  (inml,  tliat  lit;  liad  taken  poswossion  of  u  In 
UIkI  tliat  lie  had  l)fll»'r  retire  with  what  miiiihers  lie  had, as  he  (('aiitaiii  //  J-'^J 
coidd  iHit  j;ei  (itrwilhoiil  the  lioats  tii  ei)Ver  him,  lie  heinjr  hard  niislied  \!\u 
enemy   from   the  eindosnre.s  hehind   liiin,  some  of  whieh   seoured  the'r    '1 
lhroii;jh  which  he;  must  retire.     Captuin  (irnnt  tlien  s 'iit  Mrisiirn  PuuU  u'li 
yO  men,  liack   to  attack  u  part  of  the  eminv  which  annoyed  lir^  own   imki'  ■' 
lilth',  and  ^'alh'd  those;  that  were  joiniiifj:  him,  (rom  the  phicc  where  (  jiiir    ' 
Dali/rll  was   killed,  and  ('a|»tain    O'm/y,  Lieuienanis   linnm  and   /wMv,^ !','•". 
wounded;  which   I'lnsi^ffi   I'uuli  did,  and  killed  som(!  of  the  eneniy  iii  il,,.' 
flij,'!it.     Captain  (irfinl,  at  the  same  time',  detached  all   tlu;  men  he  could  "v^ 
and  took    possession  of  the  enclosures,  i)arns,  ti-nces,  \c.   leadinf;  Cninilj' 
own  po.-t  lo  the  fort,  which  pctsls  he  reinlitrced  widi  the  olliccrs  and  ni<  n  — 
they  came  u]».  Thinking-  the  retreat  then  seemed  iie  sent  hack  toCaptain  A'','.- 
C7'*,  dcsiiinj;'   he  would  comi'  oil';  that  the   r 'tnut  was  (piiie  secured  ami  if. 
(liflereni  parti,  s  ordered  to  cover  (nie  another  successively,  until  ihe  wIkiIi^  li,,,! 
joined  ;  hm  ("a|ilain  l{ou;trn  not  lirulinjr  it  rijiht  to  risk  the' loss  ol' more  incn  iii. 
chose  to  wait  l!>r  the  armed  hoats,  one  of  which  j;     (eared  soon,  ciiinmiuiditl  In 
JJcMitenant  liirhm,  whom  Captain  (Irani  had  dir      ed  to  ^o  and  (over  CfiiHiiii". 
Ilo>i;crs\H  retri'at,  w  ho  was  in  the  next  house.     Liemenant  lirvlim  .•;cciirdiM"lv 
went,  anil   fired  se\fral   shots  at   the  eiuMuy.     liieutenant  .MmH,  \\\\\[  '\\\, 
other  hoat,  wuntinjr  annnimition,  went  down  with  Cajilain  (.'n/i/.     Liciiid,^ 
unt  lirown  and  souk^  wounded  men  retuined  als((,  which  ("aptiiiii  (Irani  fuu. 
jtoses  the  en(Mny  seeinf>-,  did   not  wait  her  arrival,  hut  nMircid  on  l/ieiili  liimt 
linlniCs   firiiijj,  and  ^'avc  ('aptain  liotrirs,  with   the  rear,  uii  opportiiuitv  id 
CNue  of]':  so  that  tlu?  whole;  fh)m  tin;  ditl'erent  posts  joIucmI  withoui  aiiv  roii-  i 
fusion,  and  marched  to  the  fort  in  ^ood  order,  covered    by  ihe  armed  Ihhiis 
on  the  water  side,  and  hy  our  own  partiis  on  th»;  country  side,  in  view  (iI'iIk. 
eni;ny,  who  had  all  Joined,  and  wvvv.  much  Ktroni,'er  than  at  the  he^riniiiiiir  of   ' 
the  alliur,  as  was  alb  rwards  told  us  hy  souk;  prisoners  that  made  tin  ircsciiiM  • 
many  li.ivin;^  Joined  thcMu  from  tlii;  other  side;   the  river,  and  other  |)!,i(('s.' 
Tlu!  wlioli-  arrived  at  the   fort  ahout  eij;ht  o'clock,  conunanded  hy  Ciiptiiiii 
Gnnil,  ••vhose  aide  and  skilful  retreat  is  hi^dily  commended. 

"  II  turn  of  killed  and  wounded  of  the  several  detacliiiKuits  near  the  iJi'tioii 
July  Ml,  I7(i:{. 

"  f>/" /Ac  r)5//».  Hesriment: — I  S(!rfreant,  13  rank  and  i'lk',  killeil ;  I  ciiitniii, 'j 
lieutenants,  1  drmmner,  SiH  rank  and  file,  wounded, 

^^()/'lhc  Uoyiil  Jhmricniwi : — I  raidi  and  tWc,  killrd ;  1  rank  and  iWi' ivDinukil. 
"  ()/'llie  8(i//i  Rca^iineut : — 2  rank  and  fil  •  killed ;  '.i  rank  and  file  irouiiilcl.       $ 
"  (}l'the  (^necii's  f{iiiis;crs : — '2  rank  and  file  killed;  1  rank  and  file  wnuntlnl     < 
".'V!///ic.y  iij'lhe  officers: — rhttk  Heirimcnl:  C'aptaiu  (^V«y,  LiiMitenant  Liila;-Mi\  »:i 
Lieutenant  lirown,  wotmded.  *  ** 

"N.  II. — Captain  f)(ili/cll,  killed,  not  i?icludcd  in  the  ahove  " 
Ilencc!  it  appears  that  but  1!>  were  killed  and  I'i  wounded  in  the  crielmitcd 
"Jiattle  of  Detroit,"  hut  1  am  inclined  to  think  that  this  return  was  nuidi' dut 
before  the  exact  state  of  the  troops  (iu^ajred  in  it  was  ascertained.  It  is(\i. 
dent  that  ('aptain  Dah/ell  was  found  to  be  ainoiiff  the  killed  aft(;r  the  rctiiiii 
was  fii.islii  (I,  or  nearly  so.  It  is  mniecessary  to  apprize;  ilie  nader,  llifit  ic- 
tmns  w<;re  often  made  more  flivorahlc  than  strict  scrutiny  woidd  w.inMiii, 
from  o'lvious  motives. 

Altout  this  time  several  small  V(;8sels  fell  into  the  liniuls  of  Pontiii<\  wliii'i 
W(;re  destin(;d  to  supply  the  frarrison,  ami  the;  men  were;  cru(  lly  trciiil. 
The  frail isoii  was  in  fjreat  straits,  both  from  tin;  heavy  loss  of  men,  as  wW 
us  from  svant  of  jjiovisions  and  continmil  watcliiiifr.  In  this  time  of  ilc  |iiMi- 
dency,  there  arrived  near  tin;  fort  a  sehooner,  which  hidUf^ht  lliein  sii|>|ilii'i 
of  |)ro>  isioiis.  hut  nothinf(  of  this  kiiul  could  be  landed  widieiit  Purdmr'a 
knowl  d,i!(',  and  he  deterniiiied,  if  possible,  to  seize  the  schooner:  a  dei.icliiii'iii 
niadi;  lli"  alteiii|>t,  and,  lo  save  herself;  the;  vesscd  was  ohlficd  lo  tjick  si.nrt 
alioiit,  i.nd  proc(!ed  in  an  opposiu;  direction.  The  Indians  lolloweil  liir  iii 
canoes,  mid,  by  <'ontiiinally  lirin<r  into  her,  killed  almost  eviM-y  niaii,  iiml  iil 
h'n},'ih  board  'd  her.  As  tli(!y  were  climliin<,'  up  tin;  sides  and  sliniiiN  in 
every  (|iuuti  r,  tli<'  captain,  having-  (h  t  •niiii;(;d  noi  to  fall  into  their  li;iiii!siiliM', 
ordered  the  gunner  to  iset  lire  to  the  magazine,  and  blow  ail  in>  iMwiinr 


CH»f.  IIJ] 

I  Tlii!"  was  heard  by  a 

nliiit  was  goin^r  for 

Tlii'V  disengaged  the 

iiiiiii  a  great  rrighl, 

iilvaiitageofa  wind,  n 

'iiKliansdiscoverec 

i-lii  III'  M'Verely  burn 

Tlii.-i  ""ssei  had  he( 

iwliiin    were  .\bdia\ 

.r:  ;iiid  lliiis  was  iIk 

ii;is,M;ijor  (Uiidu'in  an 

Riwiy  of  Ihe  cnw  ,,| 

Jill  jursented  to  each 

liiiiiy  other  circunis 

ii  luvcrdiiiu-  in-e  all  tl 

I'uitlidf  having  invi 

HIS  (if  his  operations 

iii|iirc,  extensive  pre| 

Ih.iiv  of  the  mo\'emei 

;nit  uilli  an  army  of  ,' 

.™ti  il  him,  and  'his  w 

Mi|Mirlrd  that   he   ^^, 

k.iys,  in  the  year  |7 

mtiiwiis  and  tjiai  natio 

|!t,»li()  was  also  a  dist 

ini'iiircd  his  murder  b 

Iw.i.ys.     When  the  rev 

Wwr  lomeet  tliein  in 

I'piiii  lime  to  time  by  (,*(; 

[l:iiliisiile  all   resentmeii 

inwiird  his  altachiiien 

l;;.>ii'-ii  heen  reported  t 

i'lli'Wasgoinn;  to  hold 

h'irilic  English,  a  spy  a 

'F'lli,  lie  betrayed  the 

Ii'i"»-     When  h(>  liiK 

I'lim;'('(l  a  knile  info  hi 

I'lMiiiioHiied  for  sing 

™'  indeed  numerous'" 

J  'hii''iil!ii-y  organizatioiit 

cuntilaiiccs. 


CH»r.  ni] 


rONTIAC. 


57 


filis  wnH  hoiird  l>y  a  Iliiron  cliicf,  \vlio  iiiulcrstood  ciioiifrli  F.niilisli  lo  know 


«li;it  w 


ln'V 


as  L'oiiii;  t'orvMinl,  and   inslaiitlv  coiiiiMiiniiatcil   it    to   liis  lollowcrH. 


(Iis('iiuafr«'(l  lla-msrlvcs  (Voiii  tlic  VfsscI  as  ;{isl  as  possihlc,  and  lied  ti'oiii 


III  a  irnat  irifrlil,  at  cdnsK 


Inal 


ill'  dislaiiciv 


iM 


caiitiinc  llic  crew  too 


th 


jilviiiitMirc  <it'a  wind, and  ari'ivcd  safe  at  tin-  fort.     In  iln-  pursuit  ol'tlio  vessel, 
i)„.  Indians  discoviTcd  cxti-crni'  tcinrrity,  uricn  coininf^  so  dose?  to  tlio  scliooiicr 


.III 


lie  si'vcrclv  iHiriM'd  l)\  tin-  discliarirc  iit'licr  jrinis. 


Ill: 


■ssci  had  liccn  sent  IVoin  Niaj^ar 


a,  an( 


I  was  manned  with  18  tiii'ii,  1'2 


ihIhui  wrvv  Mfiiiawk  Indians.  Tliry  aiiivcd  at  D.lroit  <ni  tlic  M  Scptcni- 
,r;  ,'iiid  lliiis  was  I  lie  fjiaiTisiin  savrd  iVoin  i-crtaiii  destruction.  Sn  scnsililr 
iiiis.MMJor  (lliiilirlii  and  liis  olliccrs  ol'tlicir  escape  li'oin  a  dreadCid  I'ale  liy  the, 
fjn,  IV  oflhe  enw  of  this  vessel,  that  they  caused  silver  medals  t(i  lie  stfiick 
111  |ii(seiited  t(»  each  descriptive  til" the  event.* 

^laiiy  (ilher  circumstances  are  related  of  this  fiimons  sieite,  lint  it  is  believed 
I  luvccdinjr  are  all  that  are  well  authenticated. 

{'oiill'ir  liaviii*:'  invested  Detroit  now  Cor  ahout  twelve  montlis,  and  the 
n<  (if  his  operations  haviiiji  been  carried  to  \ari(nis  parts  ol"  the  llritish 
iii|iirr,  extensive  preparations  were  made  to  |iut  down  the  Indian  power. 
\\y.\\v  (li'the  inovements  of  (Jeneral  linttlslrcrl,  who  was  iiroi'ecdiii^r  for  I)e- 
■nijiwilli  an  lu-my  of  .'WOO  ir.eii,  Ik;  jjave  up,  and  sntMJ  for  peace,  which  was 
ij|((l  him,  and  his  warriors '•etiit.'d  to  their  liimtinir-irro(mds.     I5v  some  it 


|.ir|i(ir 


ted   that   lie   was  killed,  with    man  oth<>rs  ol'  his  chief  men,  liv  tin; 


vs.  ill  tli(^  yeiu'  17'''  in   a  war  whii  h  at  that  time  rajfed   lietweeii  th 


and  that  natio 


[i  is  also  said  that  lie  had  a  son  n 


iine( 


I  Sil 


lUiA.NA- 


Ii(i  was  also  a  distiiiLMiislied  chiel|atid  who,  alter  the  death  of  his  liiiher, 
iiL'cd  his  murder  by  tin;  destruction  of  almost  the  entire  nation  of  the 


iw:iys. 
Miiir 


When  the  revolution  commenced,  tla^  AmericaiiH  sent  messa'fes  to 


to  meet  them  in  council.     I  le  was  inclined  to  do  so,  but 


was  lU'eveii 


ted 


ipiiiiliiiic  to  time  by  (Jovenior  llamillon  of  DcUniit.  lie  seems  now  to  have 
bill  iisiile  idl  resentment  against  tlit^  lOn^lish,  and  became  their  friend ;  iuid 
nri'Wiir.l  his  attachment,  the  ^roveriuiient  ;rraiited  him  a  liberal  pension.     It 


tos  II 


!s(i  licen  reported  that  \\v  becaiu''  sus|iecled   in  the  time  of  the  wai 


and 


lisliiwas  ^Miin<;  to  hold  a  council  amoiifr  the  Indians  in  IlliiioiH,  as  an  ajfent 
jiirllii'  rji<ilish,  a  spy  attended  him  to  observe  bis<-onduct;  and  that,  in  u 
<|HT(li,  lie  betrayed  the  Kiii,dish,  and  discovered  liis  fornu'r  emnity  aj,Miinst 
liuiii,  When  be  bad  finislxMl,  tlu^  Indian  who  had  accompaiiiiMl  him, 
fliiM^'rd  a  knife  into  his  breast,  and  thus  ended  the  days  of  a  chief  who  bus 
l.iiiiviKiwned  tiir  siiif^iilar  saf.'acity,  dariiiff  conra^'; ,  ^neat  sjiirit  of  command, 
.mi  indeed  numerous  other  (pialities,  found  only  in  those  bom  with  such 
itiiiy  organizations  us  produce  tliciii  by  their  peculiur  school  of  cir- 


•ii'iiii' 


tunKtaiicos. 


*  Holmes's  Annals,  ii.  122. 


\J 


m 
m 

;  mi 


I: 


I 


58 


CAPTAIN   PIPE. 


CHAPTER   IV. 


ruooK  V 


Capta'n  Pipr. —  SlliiatiiiT)  of  affairs  ov  llir  fron/irrs  al  Ihr  prrioil  of  thr.  rrtohitinn V  J 

condition  of  Ihr  Morariaii  Indians  al  lliis  jiiriod — llalf-Liiiij  i aumji.s  to  titl  i  ll 
to  Caaada — I  lis  s/nrr/t  to  tht  in — Tlii'ij  nmonstiatc — llalf-linir  im  iinr.s  not  i       "* 

lest  tin  in,  bat  Ca/itain    I'i/ir's  rouasfl  /in  rails,  {•i/l  i/iri/ arr  siizrd I'lin'i  .i,    /'"' 

tlirrcapon — Missionarirs  tnhrii  to  Detroit  and  r.iaaiined — I'ijie  in  nt  to  uriiinr  thn  "^ 
Ciiaiiiri sliis  rradart  towards  tlirni,  and  tlirij  are  ari/ailtrd — liniuiiknhle  iliUnra  '~ 
—  Captain  Win  ri;-i;n;s  apposes  Ihi  rondaet  of  Pipe — lllsspeirh  to  ///*•  p,,iiil,"J. 
Colonel  liroadliead's  erpedition —  llralal  massaere  of  a  eliiif —  1'a  (  1 1  (,  \  n  r  s(  n  1 1 1  j  ■  ,  ^__ 
biurprises  the  missioaaries — (i  ki.ki.i  mlnd — HioKuNii  \ii  h  i,  \s — Murdir  nf  W 
Trai man  and  others — In  the  liatile  of  I'resi/ai-lsle — //'.<  dmth — His  irnul  iiii'id,  ^ 
itii — farther  partirnlars  of  Captain  Pipe— His  f anions  sprt  eh — I'-i  pedl linn, uiil  ill i'',,'i 
of  Colonel  Cnmford,  irho  is  Inirnt  a!  thestahe,  anil  niiniij  more — C'liiKTiniMd—Tdii 
LF\\  IS — Mi;ssii  A\yA  —  Klv(i-(  RANK — l^riTl.K  ■l\\v\\.v.--l>ij'ea:s  (ll  iieral  .St.  Cliilr's 
arinij — Inridials  in  that  affair  — Little-tartle's  opinion  of  (ieneral  Ifininr—lim,, 
Philiidelphia — His  intirriiw  with  C.  /■'.  I'olneij — .Inceitotes — Jii.iiF.-j.u  ki  i  — /j,'. 
featcd  bij  General  iraijnc  in  the  battle  of  Presquc-lslc. 

PIPE,  or  Captain  Pyie,*  i\>  he  is  nsiiiilly  called,  from  liis  Iiavin<r  Ihch  a 
most  coiis|iiciioiis  war-ciiptaiu  aiiioiijr  tlic  Dclawaifs,  diiriiii;  tlic  |m  lidd  df 
the  rcvdiiitidii,  ill  particular,  was  cliicf  of  tlic  Wolfliilic.  Jlis  cliiiiacicr  is  i 
very  itroiiiiiicnt  one,  in  the  iiiciiiorabic  troiihh's  anion;,'  thr  IVuiiticr  m  nl,.. 
nients,  at  tlic  hninkinfi  out  of  the  war.  Sitnateil  as  were  the  J)(lauiir,jj 
botwccMi  the  Kiifrlisli  of  Canada  and  the  Anirricans,  it  was  hardly  lo  lie  ex- 
pet'tcd  lint  that  they  should  he  drawn  into  (hat  war.  'J'hey  tdnld  i>iit  well 
weijfli  its  merits  or  demerits  npon  eidit  r  side.  A  Ki)eefli  uf  the  rciiowin'tl 
Corn-plant  contains  the  best  commentary  npon  this  matter,  'i'lic  lliij^lish 
stood  much  the  best  elianeis  of fraininf.''  the  Indinisto  their  interest,  iniisiniicli 
as  they  were  profiiso  in  tli(  ir  ])n  s.nts  of  what  was  useful  to  them,  as  well  ;,h 
ornamental,  whereas  the  Americans  re(piired  all  their  resources  to  cnnou 
the  war.  The  commandinj^  cflicer  at  Detroit,  believinf!-  that  the  .Moivuim  I 
L)dianH  upon  the  Siisepieliannah  favored  the  Americans,  ordeied  theiii,  i!i;,,| 
or  alive,  with  their  priests,  to  be  !)roiight  into  (Canada.  The  b()(|iiois  iiL'iriil 
that  it  should  be  done,  but,  unwillinjr  to  do  it  themselves,  sent  niesseiiiri  is  to 
the  Chipjieways  and  Ottawas,  to  iniimate  that,  if  they  would  do  it,  "tliiv 
ebou'd  liav(!  them  to  make  soup  of."  These  two  trilx  s,  howt  vtr,  ntiiml, 
and  the  llalf-king  of  the  Hiu-ons  tmderto^k  it  himself  lb-  had  Ik  en  fiiriiKiiv 
very  friendly  to  tiie  Itelieving  Indians,  and  new  pretended  that  he  only  imi- 
cliid(!d  to  seize  upon  them,  to  save  them  from  destriictitJii :  and,  j\lr.  7/«/,i// 
adds,  "even  the  Half-kins;  woidd  certainly  never  have;  ai;reed  to  coiiunii  ills 
act  of  injustice,  had  not  the  Delaware,  Cajitain  Pipe,  n  noti  d  enemy  ef  iIh 
gO:^pel  and  of  the  believing  Indians,  instigated  bim  to  do  it."  I'ijie  and  lis 
company  of  Delawares,  johied  by  Half-kins:;  and  his  warriors,  and  sonc  >k\- 
wanese,  held  a  \\ar-least,  roasted  a  whole  o,\,  and  agreed  npon  the  iimniri' 
of  |)roceeding.  The  captains  only  of  this  expedition  knew  iiilly  its  (iesiina- 
tion.  With  such  secrecy  did  they  proceed,  that  the  Moravian  settlrii,i'ni> 
knew  nothing  of  their  a|)proa(di,  until  they  \\ere  in  tb(;ir  vicinity.  Tliev  Imn 
an  English  flag,  and  an  English  oflicer  was  among  them.  It  wfis  ncu  In 
August,  1781.     Half-kins^  sent  in  u  message  to  Salem,  recpicsting  tlic  iiiln.li- 


*  lli^  Indian  iiamn.  arrordiiiff  to  Ilrekoieelder,  was  Hmi-ocan.  and  siiinil'icd  a  7'i'/'"r- - 
pi;(c  'I'liis  nanu"  lio  horc  nnlil  hIiouI  171'.'?,  wlien  lliat  of  Kciohx  iit{r anohfi,  «!!•;  hiI-i, 
lulcd.  'riii>  nionnl.  Maker  nf'  Vay-ljiolit.  Of  tlic  word  pipi-,  a  more  exlcndcd  iiolicc  -liduij 
be  taken.  Tlu-  Krcncli  writers  fjencridly  nso  tlic  name  ntlniiiet,  wliirli  niraiis  tlir  -^niiii'  lliiii','. 
and,  of  Its  oriffin.  I'aron  Lnhinitnv.  '•  Voyafjes  dans  I'Anieri(]ne."' i.  1(11,  oh^orvos  n<  Id- 
lows: — '•  It  is  a  Norman  word,  wliirli  roines  from  ehiiliimeiiii.i\m\  was  inirdilin-cil  inioCniiiiilii 
by  llie  |iei:|)le  of  tliat  nalion.  on  linjir  first  coming'  into  lliis  coiinlry ,  by  uliom  it  li;is  inor  Miifo 
been  ll^ed,  'I'lie  Irorpiois  call  it  fldiiondaiie.  and  the  oilier  Indian  nalioii~.  I'oAdXS;"  lliis 
atlowiiii;'  for  the  ditl'ereiice  helween  the  Frenrli  and  l-Jii;lisli  idioms,  will  iit:ri'(>  lolcraliK  «ltii 
Mr.  ffer/.-riee/der'.i  IIopocan.  A  rliief  nanie<l  I'ijif  sipned  a  ireaty  al  Tort  Greenville,  in  IliU, 
Willi  112  olluTs,  hy  which  it  seems  ihc  Uelawarcs  perpclualed  it.   It  followed  llial  of  W'liilc-fyei. 


CHAf.  IV.] 

I  itiiif,-)  not  to  be  alarm 
j'lio.i  \\<»rds  f(i  spciik 
mints  they  might  lio 
ii|«  II.  all  asscm.Mcd  tli 
.Meiiiiwhile,  tin-  mm 
.)(l,, '11111  about  10  diiy 
Idieving  bidiiins  and" 
"Cousins :  ye  believi 
i  mil  iiiiich  concerned 
•iii'.'ei-oiis  spot.     Tw( 
(iiiiiig  their  jaws  wid 
kIi,  mill  thus  in  d;in<j 
;:  ill  of  either  one  or  ti 
.«iiiy  here  any  longer 
iiMfiii,  and  preserve 
,1  yon  by  the  hand, 
j'liii!  you   will  be  sat 
I  ;il;iiit;itioiis  iind   houses 
p'.st.s]  with  ymi,  .-ind  ' 
I  iiy<\i  Inive  been  acciist 
Jirliillicr  beyond  the  It 
/111)  message,  and  I  an 
Tlie  brethren,  alh'r  ta 
I  ::iiit'ii;igc,  !igainst  such 
iliatllie  danger  was  so 
jiltook  no  ptirt  ill  tin;  i 
!iiii,  to  set  out  beflne  tl 
miiilil  keep  and  considei 
I;  \v!is  siijiposed  that  Ha 
(Pipe  iiiid  tlu;  EiLgiisli 
Tliisatfiir  eventuated 
:uS;iiiiiiisky,  as  has  been 
rn|il!iiii  Pipe  now  pub 
;,iiir  piie.sts  wcri!  his  sla 
isky,  when  tlu"  govcriK 
|iii;ii.    They  w,  re  glad  o| 
Vlii>viiig  ihey  could  com 
I  siiil  accordingly  atteiide 
>'mmnn,  Ha  ktiveldcr 
Jnibiic'ovidtMice  again.st 
jioiii'diiie  on,  and  (-'apt.-ii 
■ntr-mmnnikd  us  to  hriii 
I  'mwt.     77(i',f  han  hem 
''Itnil  us  to  hrinir  [l,cir  tc 
I "'  I'lm  before  i/nu  :  noiv  . 
^vl  llnpcijou  will  sperd-'i 
'>lot!nm,forlhei/  are  mi 
ni"'  f:ov  rnnr  then   rep*.' 
..'^li'ist  the  hrethren,  and 
•lined  now  evid  'ntly  eoi 
"i|  iIk'V  would  do  so'  no  i 
■iii  (v  the  governor,  and  I 
,?'Nlively  to  the  point.     'I 
['••kil  his  counsellors  win 
•'''■"'■■,  and  this  occasion! 
5t'iiii(iiisly  spoke:  "/  se 
I  'f  now  I  will  tell  yon  the 
nifilonc  notldns;  'of  Ihemi 
I '"'» 'o  blame,  and  the  chief 
''■'I'llo  do  it,  u'licn  llieip-efu 
'I'  'll''  presence   of  tiic 
mtliren. 


JooK  V 


CHAf.  IV.] 


CAPTAIN  PIPR. 


69 


idit — Sad 
nil  tittm 

III    III  IIW- 
y  I'liliihirt 

sr  I  III!  II— 
!  in  nunc 

piojih  — 

HUM  \v_ 
<i/"  M  jiir 
liitii  pill- 
hiiil  ill  fii:t 
Mil— T"M 

sr  diiir's 

iir—l  If  In 
Ki  r— /J(. 


|M'ii(i(l  (if 
lat'icr  is  I 

ici-  srtllc. 
)ilil\\iirr3 

tti  lie  ex- 
iiol  well 

ITIKIWIICJ 

I'   r.ii);lisli 
ini'.siiiiK'li 

MS  WI'll  ilS 

.V()i;i\i:!ii 

licin,  (lend 

-  iiLwcd 

nir<  rs  to 

it,  "tlioy 

I'd'iised, 

()riii(iiy 

iiily  I'liii- 

mil  til  18 
my  dl'  tlic 
e  iiml  his 
lll.t'  f^iui- 
iiiiiiiii'r 
(Icsliiiii- 

ttlcllil'lltS 
M'V  lllll'C 

ii'ou  10 
ic  lull 


Mil 


;i  Ti'h'irn:- 

Uil^   »llli>li- 

dlici'  -lioilld 
saniP  llii"!:, 
rvrs  a<  IkI- 
iiii()('aiiii'i;i 
1^  cvrr  ■iiiKO 
(i\N  •>"  lliis 
Icrali'v  "il!i 
vill.',  iii  ISU. 
f  Wliik-fyti' 


itaiit?  tmt  to  !)(•  alnrmc'd,  for  tlicy  slioiild   receive  no  iiijiii-y,  nnd  tlsaf  lie  liiui 

.'110,1  words  til  s|i(';ik   to  lliem,  and  wished  lo  know  at    wliicli   nC  tlie  settle- 

iiii'iits  tli*'y  nii<.dit   hold  a  eonneil  \viili  tlieni.     (iiiadenliiietteii  lieiii;;  tixcd 

,i|i,ii.  .'ill  asseinltled  lliere  upon  II  Aiifiiist. 
^Icjiinvliile,  tlie  iiiiiiiliers  of  Pijii''ft  e\|iedilion  had  increased   Croiii  110  to 
1,0, . ■111(1  ahoiit  10  days  al"ter,  Hiilf-fn'trj;  made   tlie    l()ll(i\viii^f  sjieech    to  the 

ylii'viiifl  Indians  and  their  tcacliers:— 
.('(iiisins  :  ye  helievinjr  Indians  in  (iiitidenlinetton,  SclioenI  riiiin,  and  Salem, 

j  mil  iiiiicli  concerned  on  yoiir  account,  perceiving.'  that  ymi  live  in  a  very 
iiir.'ireiH  spot.  Two  powerliil,  an^n-y  and  niercilet's  ^jods  stand  r  ady, 
Ml  niiijr  their  jaws  wide  against  each  other:  you  are  sittini,'  down  ln^twciMi 
, ill,  Mini  thus  in  dan;j:er  of  heiiij,'  devoured  and  frroiind  U.  powder  Ity  tlio 
;,  ih  I)!'  either  one  or  the  other,  or  both.  It  is  therefore  not  advisalile  for  yon 
,.iiiy  h*''"''  "".V  longer.  (N)iisider  your  yoiiiiii  jieople,  your  wives,  and  your 
jjMivii,  and  preserve  their  lives,  for  here  they  inust  all  perish.  I  thcreforo 
^,1  villi  Ity  the  hand,  litl  you  u|),  and  jilace  you  in  or  near  my  dwidliiii.', 
,,i|,ri'  you  will  lie  safe  and  dwell  in  peace.  Do  not  stand  looUiiijf  at  your 
ri|;i[it;itii)iis  and  houses,  iiiit  arise  and  follow  me!  '!'aU(!  also  your  teachers 
mists]  with  you,  and  wiirsliip  (Jod  in  the  place  to  which  I  shall  lead  y(>ii, 
jsvmi  liav(!  been  accustomed  to  do.  You  shall  likinvise  find  provisions,  and 
mrrallii'i'  heyond  the  lake  [the  <;overnor  at  i)rtroit,]  will  care  ibr  you.  'I'his 
iniiy  message,  and  1  am  come  hither  purposely  to  deliver  it." 

i'tic  lircthreii,  alter  taking  this  into  consideration,  remonsfrated,  in  feeling 
ait'iKiiii',  against  stich  an  immediate  removal ;  saying  they  did  not  coiiceivti 
iliat till' <liinger  was  so  great,  as,  moreover,  they  were  at  peace  with  all  men, 
ailtoak  no  part  in  tlit."  war,  and  that  it  would  bring  famine  and  distress  upon 
;l!ini,  to  set  «)iit  before  their  harvest  \\  itli  nothing  in  their  hands,  but  that  they 
ndiilil  keep  and  consider  his  words,  and  would  answ(  r  him  the  next  winter. 
liwas  ^iiipposed  that  H(tlJ'-kin>:  was  willing  to  (comply,  but  for  the  imporliinity 

I  III' Pipe  Mild  tli(!  I'jnglish  (raptain. 
This atfiir  eventuated  in  ilit"  sei/.iin;  of  the  missionaries  and  their  removal 
;oS;iiiiliisky,  as  has  been  written  in  the  account  of  Gli/diikan. 
('aptMiii  Pipe  now  jtublicly  boasted  of  his  exploit,  and  said  the  Indians  and 
ui(ir|(rirsls  wert!  his  slaves.  'I'liey  bad  had  but  a  moment's  repose  at  !^an- 
iliisiv,  when  tb<?  governor  at  Detroit  ordered  ( "a|itain  Pipe  to  eondnct  them  to 
iiiiii.  They  w.  re  glad  of  an  opportunity  of  s cing  thi!  governor  face  to  liicn, 
kiii'viiig  tiiey  could  convince  him  that  they  had  never  assisted  tin!  Aniericims, 

I  siiil  ai'i'iirdingly  attended   Pipe   ihiiher.     lien-  tlii;    missionaries   Zci^^hcrfrcr, 

I  >'!iiA(»mii,  Ikikeiceldrr  and  Fjdicnrds  bad  to  await  a  kind  of  trial,  and  Pipe 
ivib  til"  (nid(Mice  ,!gainst  them.  On  the;  !)  November,  this  trial  or  (  xumiiia- 
liDiiiiiiiie  on,  and  ("aptain  Pipe  api)ean!d,  and  spoke  as  )()llows:  "  Piitlui;}/ou 
hreci'mmninli'il  us  to  hriiifr  the  ItvUevIm;  Indians  and  their  trarhcrsj'rnni  the  ,Mns- 

\'m:nm.  This  has  l>een  done.  Hhen  ive  had  hroui^ht  them  to  Sandiiski/,  i/ou 
)r!md  us  to  Imna;  their  teachers  and  some  of  their  chiefs  unto  ipiu.     Hen:  i/ou 

i  <ii  I'lm  Ijcfore  ipm :  now  j/ou  ma;/ speak,  with  them  yourself  as  i/ott  have  desired. 
Ihl  lliijic  I/ou  will  speak  u;o;id  lorils  unto  them,  yea  I  tell  you,  speik  ffood  words 
■.'ulii  Hum,  for  they  are  my  friends,  and  I  should  be  sorry  to  see  them   ill  used." 

I  Till'  ;:ov  rnnr   then   rep.'ated  to  Pipe  the  charges   be   had    formerly   urged 

lifiiiist  the  lirethreii,  and  call  (1  on  him  to  prove  Ins  ass 'itions.  The  chief 
<(iiip(|  now  evid  'iitly  confused,  and  said  sui;b  things  might  have  happened, 
liillicy  would  do  so  no  more,  for  tliciy  were  now  at  D.  troit.  'I'his  did  not 
sitity  till"  governor,  and  he  |)eremptorily  demanded  that  Pipe  should  answer 

I  pitivdy  to  the  point.     This  caused  him  still  great  'r  embarrassm 'lit,  and  bo 

I  i-k'il  his  counsellors  what  be  should  say,  but  each  lit  Id  down  his  head  in 
CMC  ■,  and  this  occasioned  his  choosing  the  only  wise  course,  and  he  thus 

I  iiit'ciiiioiisly  sjioke  :  "  I  said  liej'ore,  that  some  such  tliinir  viii^ht  have  happened, 
ymwiwill  tell  you  the  plain  truth.  The  missionaries  are  innocent.  'Phey 
h'fihme  nothins;  of  themselves :  what  they  have  done,  they  were  compiilcd  to  do. 
him  tn  hiaiiie,  and  the  chiefs  thai  were  with  me  in  (jtusc.hachiruenk  :  we  have  forced 
hi  In  do  it,  wlum  they  refused.''^  The  governor  now  declared  them  imioceiit, 
II  till!  presence  of  the  coort,  and  they  were  iiermitt'd  to  return  to  their 
bivtiiren. 


WM 


Hh 


■■'€ 


60 


CAPTAIN  PIPE. 


[Hook  V, 


.11 

lllis.   till'   r\,U'\s  : 

ii'ii 


Ono  circiimstniiro,  illiisfrntivti  of  siivajrc  Hnpcrstitio!!,  \vi>  \\\\\  ii,,ti,.,.  ||,, 
W'Im'Ii   Piii(\s  warriors  wen-  alioiit  to  liircf  tin-  lircllimi  to  leave  tin  ir  ,\\y,  n  ' 
iii^'H,  it  was  almitmt  iiiianiiiKiiisly  coiicliiiltMl  at  (iiii>   time  Ity  i|||.  ciiicls  i|    •' 
tlic  white  lireilireii  sliiiiilil  lie  jiiit  to   (leaili.     Tliey,  liowi  vor,  wiiiilil  ;ii,|     "|  ' 
Vt'iitiire  iijioii  such  a  deed  withont  the  advice  ol"  one  of  ijieir  t-iiinniiin 
riors,  wlio  was  considered  a  ^'reat  sorct-rcr.     His  answer  was, 
iniderstand  what  end  it  would  answer  to  kill  ihcin."     i'|ion 
hchi  a  council,  in  wITn-h  it  was  resolved  to  kill   not  oidy   the  white  Imn 
und  their  wives,  lint  the  Indian  assistants  also.     When  liu^  made  this  ,•, ,, 
Iniioii  known  to  the  sorcerer,  he  said  to  thetii,  "Then  yon"  ha\e  reHi|v,,|  („ 
kill  my   friends;  for  most  of  their  cliief  |)eo|il(Mire  my   friends:  hut  tlij^  | 
tell  yod,  that  if  yon   iinrt  any  on«!  of  tliem,  I  know  what  I  will  do  I"    '1'^;^ 
threat  deterred  thtsm:  thus  were  tiie  missionuries  hh  well  as  jnaiiv  nil,,  in  j 
saved. 

It  is  stated   l»y  Mr.  Ifeckcwelder,  tiiiit,  notwithstandin;,'  Captain  Pim  wns  so  i 
Kaj,'er  for  tlu;   war  hefore  its  commencement,  he  s(»on  Itrcame  snirv  liii-  It  * 
afterwards.     'J'jiis  mi^'ht  have  i)een   the  ease  ;  and  yt^t  he   was  nnc  ,,|'  lU  I 
most  etlicient  enemies  of  the  Ainericans  ath-r  the  peace,  as  will  elsi  wjni,,  I 
appear.     Ca|»taiii   H'hilc-n/ra,   or     hoiiudluiifnecliloii,    which    was   his   liiili;i|, '^ 
name,*  was  his  particular  I'riend,  and  they  were  both  ".'rent  men  of  the  M,ln.  *' 
ware   nation,  liaviiifj   Ixmju  nearly   (dike  distin<;uished   l»y    their  (•iiuiii"c  on  ; 
miuiy  occasions.     No   one   coidil    have    more  at  heart    the  wcll-ire  111^1)1,  i|. 
country,  than  Captain  ft'liUr-tifcs  had  that  of  the   Delaware  nation,  niul  ji  jg  ? 
not  pretended,  hut  that  as  much   should   l)e  said  of  Captain   I'ipr ;   \n\\  ilii.y,: 
were  dilferently  circumstanced,  and  the  I'ormer  was  open  and  liiirlt ss  in  jiis 
tl»!clarations  in   liivor  of  tim  Americans,  while  tlu?  latter  secretly  limirnl  the 
Britisli.     'I'hus  they  were  unwilliiifjly  opposed  to  each  other,  and  fm-  jilmin 
two  years,  one  hy  his  frankness  and  the  other  l»y  his  clandestine  ojiniiiiuns 
strtwe  to  unite  and  strenffthen  their  respective  parties. 

Meanwhilt!  a  circmnstance  happened,  which  (Captain  Pi/<f  sei/ed  iipini  liir 
decdariiif,'  war.  J\TKee,  Elliot,  Girtif,  and  several  others,  had  heeii  In  1,1  at 
Pittshin^  as  tories.  pearly  in  the  spriiiff  of  1778,  they  made  an  esciiii,  .m,! 
fled  into  the  Indian  country,  and,  as  they  went,  proclaiuKul  to  ilmt  iiid|i|i> 
that  the  Anuiricans  had  det(!rmined  to  destroy  them;  that  theretiirc  tliiininly 
safety  consisted  in  repellin<;  them  ;  that  they  must  fly  to  arms,  and  fi^'hi  ilmn 
in  every  place.  Pipe,  ht  infj  rather  inclined  to  war,  helieved  all  ilmi  limse  ' 
exasperated  fugitives  .said  ;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  ft'hik-(ijts  weiild  ;;1miio 
crerlit  to  them,  llavini^  jrot  many  of  his  men  to}?ether,  Captain  /'//«•  aiMn-^. 
ed  them  with  gnatearin  stness,  and  with  fjreat  force  of  oratory  s;'id, "  F^ri  rj  nmn 
is  an  (neiiuj  to  his  voiintri/,  ivlio  nidtavors  to  persuade  us  asjcniiisljlu'litini;  Ihtt 
Jlmcriraiis,  and  nil  such  ou^hl  sureli/ lo  be  put  to  death."  Captain  /f7ii'/,-(i/fli| 
was  not  idle,  and  at  the  sametimt;  had  assemliled  the  jteople  of  his  tiilir,  imd- 
the  sul)stanc(!  of  what  he  s-mI  was,  "//<«<  {/7/ifi/  [any  of  his  waniois)  hi /ni 
in  earnest  to  uco  out,  as  he  oliserred  some  of  them  urre  pr<pnrinf<;  to  do,  Ihoj  shmili 
not  fifo  without  him.  He  had,  he  said,  taken  peace  measures  in  order  tt>  sun  Ike 
nation  from  utter  destruction.  But  if  theij  belitved  that  he  was  in  llu  uronir.iind 
gave  more  credit  to  tmtrabond  fugitives,  whom  he  knew  to  be  such,  than  la  liimsilf, 
who  was  best  arnuaiuled  with  the  real  stale  of  t  hi  Jigs ;  if  thci/  lull  ddirmin  Ito 
follow  their  aihnce,  and  go  out  against  theAmericitns,  he  would  fio  (nd  tfiih  il„m; 
d  not  like  the  bear  hunter,  who  sets  the  dogs  on  the  animal  to  be  Innden  nhnut  1  Hh 
his  paws,  while  he  keeps  at  n  safe  distance ;  no !  he  would  lead  Hum  un,  plart 
himself  in  the  front,  and  be  the  first  ivho  shouhlfall.  Thkv  onli/  had  to  ddirnnm-^ 
on  what  tlieji  meant  to  do  ;  as  far  his  own  mind,  it  wasfulljf  made  u/i,  mil  In  mir-. 
vive  his  7iidion ;  an  I  he  woiild  not  spend  the  remaimler  of  a  mismihlr  /'/(,  i»| 
bewailing  the  total  deslrurtinn  of  a  brave  people,  who  deserved  a  belli  rfhtc." 

This  speech  was  sjioken  with  a  patln)S  and  in  a  maimer  calculated  tdlmii'lil 
the   hearts  of  all   who  listened  to  it,  and   its  impression   was  siicii,  tlial  iiO 
unanimously  came  to  the  determination  to  ohey  its  instrnctioiis  and  <inlir3,| 
und  to  hear  or  receive  directions  from  no  other  person,  of  any  nation  orculorj 
but  Ca[)taii«  White-eijes. 

*  Accurdiiig  to  Mr.  lleckewetder.     His  icsidcuce  was  at  llic  mouth  of  llie  Dig  iiuavcx, 


CiiAP.  IV.]  CAPT. 

At  llie  saiiK^  lime,  ( 

K)a  [Ki.-.-i.M.',  the  e\i|    n,|,, 
■iii-i  t"  llie  Miawaihs' 
v,i;,'i  ill"'  lii'lowin/,'  siK 
•',./■■  ()/■  hiri/s,  that  hiid 
I  ij  (;/'  Ihtirs  upon  us, 
j  <Mr!i  0/1  /( iiriu:^  us,  loo 
i  vi.nt  tikewi.^r,,/.)  jiof  /, 
\  !v;i'i\\!,  i|nv  ,,(•  ,|||, 

;  ' ,  !."•  knew  niii   w  h 

s   .':  riiiK  ili;il(>ry  iiie.-sa; 

:;ii;i^''nt  of  rinliaii  ;iii 

,    I'i'iliiiriiaiion  "  ;i,7  to  h 

xnjhim  their  friends  1 

;,  rnil'd  .S'/,//,'/,-."     'I'l, 

iV.i.ll.'  UlKlll   ||„.    Wi-dllt; 

• 'j  I'K'il,  like  iIk!  sac] 
:  1.M  iiiit,  aiitl  surprise, 
:.:,iiils  Mpiili. 

i''"'i'_  li;iviii;:r  now  Ik 
;i  I.    I^arly  in  ihe  sprin 
vhloun  of  S;,|,,,,,^  .,,,,1 
>;ii;!:aiii.--t  tlie  hosiij,.    | 
r,;;l.l  folli'ct  theii-  prop), 
I'rciiciiiies.     "Ilowcvei 
:-';ri:iu'  me  that  our  lud 
il  li-iiiM  one  (piartcr 
t'l'iniiiii;!  "were  pre| 
[.'I  ";n;iii  setllemciits  up 
ivni.'^odoiiiM-."'     'I'l,  .y 

liii-'liiri;  aidcil  hy  Coi;,,, 
;;i  ir  hiiinirrous  desjon, 

'"■  lylil-"  many  (if  Iho.s,; 

■'• ''''i''l,  <'l"  Ihi'  latter,  (( 

I H.-sacn' of  (I'jiadenliiieii 
31  iiinvhil,!  Colonel    /;, 

Siiliiciir  tlie  fiii'ks  of  il, 

'"'.  ili.'it  not  a  person  es 
J.;::il  llieiiliojicl;  |,|,t^  ,„, 
p.''||'ki;,-'  niaiiiti',>i;iiioMs  ( 
\k!'.j  imuy   a    IV^Iauar,- 

ysrnoi-s  were  <lesi.r|i;,t,,, 
'i"i'i"'it!i_  toiiiahaw'ke.l  ;i 

'';■'"  "I'll  i"<iiii;-mai-ii;:i. 

/•' i!C  I'Meniiatioii   h;,, 
:''■"■  i'l  "liii-li,  p'l-haps,  Il 
'•'<-■  lh-ir<dhr,uPs  e.\|ie,li,ii 
■;''':■•,  Hilleeted,   ami   s,  I 
I  i-^ iinny  \,as  dividcl  in 
!'lii;i  very  liii;li  d  ^r,-,,,,^ 
■-'■•I'l'l  liiry.  ■  Ha\iiicr,  i, 

pVVIVIlT.'iled  t„;i  pi,,,.,,  „ 

"■'■';".''  '"  '•'  "'•liarharoiis 
|!'"i'H'  iiiMJe  prisoners. 

'""'ocxeeiili,,,,,  jiiiiidie, 
■'f ''  "i'"i"  foiiid  witlista 
"'.'""  \v;.scoHteniplat(>,, 
"'^i^""i''<- !  Nothini!-,  t!,ei 
l'»i"!iii!irinyof  li-oniiern 


*  Doddru/jr,.,  Ndtcs,  2') I 

t  llio  saiiiu  wlio,  al'lcrw; 

6  ^ 


ciur. iv]        (UPTAiN  rii'K.-co.srKKn'ON  rxrr.urnoN. 


(il 


At  llii' ^''"1"'  time,  ('.i|iliiiii    li'liiti-ii/is,  \i\   onlcr  to  coiiiitcriut,  is  iiiiicli  us 

povilil'',  tl<i'  I'vil  iniiiisi'l  III' ilii'  uliitr   rihiiju^l    nil  iiiiniinl,  (|r>|iutrlii'{|  run 

„i|.ili)lln'  >ll!l\\illlrs:'  iDWIlSdil  llic   Si'lulu,  W  licrr   llirS"  illipusldis  liail  j;ii||(', 

I  (lit!)  ill'' l''ll"^\"ni'i  s|)ri'cli:     '■'•  (h'duih  liildrm,  jjv  S,'iiiir;iiiini\,  minr  i/ni/n  (/•>-a,  n 

Mfii  ()/'/'//■' /.v, //i((/  liml  (•(iiiic  (HI  jhiiii  llic  («.v/,  ///  til    (ioM'liu'likintx,  imjioa'nvj;  n 

\'f!'.\; >'<]'  tliiii'''  iijitHi  us,  irlwh  ynnic hml  iii.i:'li  jinn'id  our  ruin.     Slimild  tlusv  hinl.-i, 

LjiV'i  on  Idiviii'.;  us;  lihtl:  tliirj'h^ld  lowurda  Si'udo,  cii  !ciivi>r  In  iinji(is(n  snu^i, 

j,ii/./j/  liknrl.-ir,./.)  v.ii!  lidni  lo  llinn./or  Ihcj/  //'■/" 

A  l>'i"^^''''r^'''  "1"  ill"'   |>!(ic('i'irMi;js    dl'   Ciiiilniii    llliilr-ij 
I  PijK,  111'  kiu'W  lint   wliJil  coin,--.'  Id  tiikc,  and,  wliilc  thus  conr.niiid,  d,  a  Idntl 
li'diitiliiitnrv  iii('ss!ia:('  was  rcccivt'd  intlic  jirlmviiri'  niition,  Irnni  the  Aiinr- 


lia'.ni;'    rcacln'ii 


;lll  !l 
;'liiii 


iT.'iit  nl"  Indian  allJiirs  at  I'ittsliin-;'.     It  i.articnlarly  canliniicd  the  |),  (!|(|(! 


I  iialidii  ";)(,/  lo  hrnrlun  lo  Iho.ir.  u'irhid  and 


war 


'Udt 


ss  »H ;/,   u'lu) 


ho  hnd 


run. 


llXJ 


I'nim  llulr  frirudu  In  llir  nhj^h!,  and  lo  Uv  iin.iund  of  Ihv  rial  J'r'nnd.-.h'ji  of 


I'nll'd  Sl(dr 


'I'liis  cdiniilMi'd   /'//).'.s'  cdnriisidii.     lint  alivr  [idndiT 


mi 


iwliil,' npoM  till' \vnin,i:s  Id  whirli  Ids  (■niintniniii  had  Idr  a  ldiii>-  linr-  lircii 
i)i!jct(il,  \]ki\  iIm!  sacJK'in  ot'  the  W  ;,ni|ianiiaus,  Ik;  iicrinittiil  Ms  uaniors 
10  ;f.i  (lilt,  and  siirpriisc,  and   miinli  r  all  tlic  Aiiicrii'aiiti  tlicy  cdiild   lay  tlirir 


Minis  ll|ldl 


liaviiur  II 


d\v  ix'irim  to  (low,  liarliarilir's    rdlloucd  in  ([iiick  siicccs- 


rh;i  t(i\\ 


,arly  in  Hit'  s|ii-in^f  n 


17SI,'  ( 


dldiic!  HrMidluiid  an'ui.'d  mar  ilu-  Alura- 


II  d['  Sali'iii,  and  iidtitird  tlic  inliali'ilanls   that  lie   w: 


IS  (III  an  ('.\|»cdi- 


;iiiii;,i,Miii^^t  the  lidsiil(«  Indians,  and  <:a\('  ihciii  tiiat  tinicly  iiotict!  that  llicy 
,;^i;t  Kilh'ct  tlicir  |iri)|tli',  if  any  were  alirnad,  that  they  iiii,u;ht  not  lie  taken 
;'r  iiiriiiics.  "  lldwi'vcr,"  says  .Mr,  ll(r/,(U'i!d<  r,  "whilst  ihc  coldiicl  was 
,..;ri:i:r  iiii'  tiiat  our  Indians  had  iidthiiiu"  to  |i  ar,  an  oliiccr  caiiic  with  ari-nt 
<',illi'iiiii  dill' i|narlcr  dl' the  ('ain|i,  and  ri'|i(ii'l;'d  that  a  |iai'li('iilar  division 
li't'i;' iiiihiia  "were  prciiariiiij  to  lircak  dll"  Hir  llic  |ini'iii>si'  iif  di  strnyin^i  tla; 
'.h:!\i!iii  scttlcnicnts  ii|>  tin,'  river,  and  lie  t'ean  il  lliey  cdidd  imt  be  i-c.-tiiiined 
:,,!iii  so  (liiin.i;'.' "  Thi'y  wen',  lidwevcr,  liy  the  e.xerlidiis  df  tli;.' rdiniuander- 
i\A\\r\\  aided  hy  Cdldiiel  Shcjtlurd,  dl'  NVIiei Tnij;-,  iiarliaily  |)re\eniid  frdiii 
!;i  ir  iiiiinli  Tdiis  desii;ii.  '.riiiis  tiiese  Chiistiaii  Indians  were  siliiaud  |ire- 
I'i- Il  iik-  many  dl"  ihose  df  N.  I',  in  I'liiliii's  war.  Iliil  we  have  no  iiistaiiee, 
:)!•  curd,  (if  the  latter,  ( (|iial  in  extent,  tiir  dial'dliiJil  atnieity,  to   that  of  the. 


f  (iiiadeiilmeiieii,  elsewhere  nientidin 


niassarri!  e 

M  i'.iiwliile  ("didiiel    liroiidliiad  prdceed'd   lo  ( 'dsli'ieton,  ;i   liostile    seflld- 

v,'iil  iiiiir  the  liirks  of  tlie   Alii-kin^nm  ;  and   wiih  such  secrecy  did  he.  pro- 

'hI,  lli;it  not  a  persiiii  escajird.     I  low  many  H'll  iiilo  the   hands  oi'  the  army 

Hi.il  nii'iilidiied  ;  Imt,  not   ioii^^  afrr,    III   warriors   were   put   tci   deatli    willi 

hLiikia;^' manife.^talidiis  of  depra\ily.     There  aceompani  d  Culdiiel    Broiul- 

Ikr.t  iiriiiy   II    l','laware  chief  nane'd    l'il;'illon.\     rM\le:ii    df    the    captivo 

I tsniiii's  were  desiijnated  hy  him  as  perpeiratiirs  df  mnrdi'rs,  and  they  wen; 

kliwitli  tomahawked  and  scalped,     'i'hey   wero  cx^cnted   pnr.-iianl  to  tlio 

iJiTi"  dt'  a  C(iiii;-marli;d. 

:^(  lie  eNtimiiatidii  has  h'v.n  nrifod  for  this  revoliiiiff  transaclinn,  and  that 
lil'iiir  ill  which,  ji'rhaps,  the  mind  can  find  any  nli.j'.     lint  a  slmrt  lime  he- 


Ihv'idhrdd^ 
illected, 


m 

ITill'.',    ('( 


,s'  expeilii 


io.'i,  a  lari:(;  Indian  liirce,  called   by  ilie  whiie 


an 


d  s,  t  out  flir  the  disiiiielion  oi' NW)rth-wrsteni    Virginia. 

|T.,i>  iiniiy  \ias  divided  iiilo  two  jLirts,  and  Ihi  ir  e\|ieciali(iiis  wer(;  wrought 

itii  a  very  lii<:h  d  jrice,  which,  win  n  siiildi  nly  Masted,  were   (•lian<.''ed   into 

hiro  iiiid  tiiry.     liavinir,  in  their  march,  taken  a  lar;.';e  nmnlicM*  of  captives, 

ilhv  retreated  tn  a  place  df  safety,  and  iIkm-c  tied  lliem  to  trees  find  put  them 

Itiil  atli  ill  til  ir  harliarous  maniier.     'I'liis  inassa'-re  was,  however,  conlined 

llMlirir  iiiah;   piisdiiers.      I''atliers,   in    pres(>iicn   df  their  liimiliis,  were   leo 

Irili  t(i  c\eciitiiiii,  amid  t(  a:  s  and  lameiil;, tines,  \a  liirh  no  ere:. lure  iait   iiifn- 

'iit  il  iiiiin  could   withstand.     'This    harliarity   was  the    more   ai'iiriivalint;- 

lnlii'ii  it  WHS  contemplated  that  tlioso  who  ti-ll  into  their  hands  had  made  no 

!iiiK'c !     Nothiiii;',  therefore,  like  just  retrihiitidii   was   to    he    oxpected 

Mfuin  an  army  of  froinier  militia,  when  ven^eanco  was  tlu;  only  pursuit. 


*  T)oddnd:rc,  Niitcs,  '2!>l,  says,  this  "  rampaiifii "  wn»  in  llio  summer  of  I7<}0. 
t  'I'lio  saiuo  wiio,  aflerwarcls,  as  I  conclude,  was  a  party  lo  Wayne^s  treaty. 
6 


t' 


.;-.^sk<. 


C2        MAS.SACUF,  OF  INDIAN  TRISONnnS.— rETrilENANAI.AH.     [V, 

AOcr  cviM'y  tliiiijr  Iiml  Ih'Cii  dcslroyiMl  in  tlic  IiMliiui  miintrv  t! 
tlif  AiiM'ririiii.s  pjisx'd,  tlii'v  niiiriM'd  to  I'lii.-Ijiir;;-.     IJcl'nr.    I 


'K  V. 


ton,  I'l  ^llll^^ill^'  ('ii'i'iiiiisliiiiri-  orciirn  tl,  uliirli  nlmii'   \\ii>  >iil! 


ii-niiL'li  \\|,i(;h. 


larnislicd  ihc   iimi>i    liiilliaiit   rxjilnitv      An    Imliiiii  ciiiiu'   to  iln;   r,i(| 


i''H'iit  'o  l„ve! 


river  ovrr  ii;:;iiiist  llic  (•iir!iiM|iiii('iit, )   i-  ciilli'd  to  the  si  hliiirls    \\\ 


liilM  W  liat  Id;  wiiiitrd.     He  tiiiHWrn  d  t        lie  wislird  to  .sec  the  >> /j 


(the  naiiu'  li\  w  liicli   Iiidiims  <'oiiiiiio!<     .!('si>riuilr  thee 


'.«■  'iijilii 


oiiiiMiiiidci-iii-cl 


('oloiM  I  /;/•(;(/(//(((»(/ ii|i|iriind,  mid  nskcd    hiiii    uluit    lir   waiili  d,  w  h,,  ,•,  i,li 

II   fit  I.  1)        ri'l :   1      •! I 1       1  ..  ""    I 


7 


■l/i 


j)(lH  I 


'I'lin 


d   tl 


'I'lii'  liiiii.iii   iiit(  rrojiiilisriy   tin'iA,  ^*  .Maif  Ik  ijini  kill 


jr     l-OlOlll  I,   .-I'IKl     OVl'T     MiniC     of   \,||;c    ,.| 


lid  il 


II', H. 


tlicy  slinil  coiih;  iind  ,uo  in  nidi  t,y.     licii'ii|toii  a  cliicl'  of  most  i-lcjjaiit 
jilicf  crossed  to  tin;  eiieniiiiuii!  lit,    and — 1    lic.-ilate  to    relate  it \\1 


I' Ii.iil, 


"I'l '■•".r- 


fliiel' was   (•oii\ei>injr  \\ illi   llie  eoloiu  I,  a   monster,  ol"  ilie  mi 


IlL-    i! 


18 


liiid  with  a  tomahawk,  which  he  had  concealed  in  his  clothes,  Ijiid 


I'la,  (•;iii;(.  ||,, 


V,  nil 


II. 


a  siiiule  sHoke  !         'The  name  of  this  liend  was  Udvl.     T! 


ill 


II  (!(:id 


an  lis  I'eire 


le  ariuv 


It,  and  Colonel   lU'tttdilnml  haviiij;  |int  his  prisoner.-:  (alioi  i  'O 


ill  nnmlier,)  into  the  care  of  the  soldiers,  Ihey  iminediatelv   I 


nacre  them!  all  e.\e{']it  a  i'ew  women  and  cliildn  ii  were  killed,     'I'lic.,,.  \, 
take.)  to  I'ittsliuri;',  imd    afterwards  exehamnd  for  an  e(|iial  iinn.her  ol 


H'<riiii  to  1,  i,^j 


re  I 
itel 


jiri-eiiers.f     Tlius  the  |ieaee  which  miuht  lia\e  lieiii  coiicinded  was  iiahaiei 
sii,'|)e;iil(  d,  and  the  war  alii  rwards  iniiihl  well  ha\e  hi  en  e.\|iectrd  to  e.\l 
ncenes  no  less  lilooil\  than  heliu'e. 


abftl 


A  chief,  called  I'AciiuA.NTsciiinii.AS,  distiiiiniislied  himself  ii|i(iii  tl 
tins,  immediately  iijion  the  retreat  of  Colonel  i>rumllii(iirs  i\v\\i\  ;  nit;: 


othiTs  ha\(',  lint  by  maiiiiaiiimity  and  address.     Aih\  snh 
was  set  to  many  Ireatit  s  between  his  nation  and  the  I'niied  Sti 
o 


f  (j'eneral    lliiiinv  at  (irecnvilie  to  that   of  ?-t.   i\laiy's  in  irij,-':  i| 


c  rrr.n. 

•!>^  iiiJiiiyl 

'in  iiMuel 

"es,  iiv,Mi  liiati 


'ntl\ 


Pilrlitnuiuilda, 


fiuk 


d 


d  oti 


iiiilii 


<))i<j:< lulus,  and  se\ei'al  other  \ai'ialions,  stand  liir  the 


'  inel 


jiei;  on.  ilis  name,  according,'  to  Ihrlitinltkr,  f^\tn\\i\vi[  a  jyj!ll(r,(iv  one  n!io\ 
sitrccvcl.H  ill  all  he  unfit )i<il,(s.  lie  vvas  a  son  of  a  fireat  chief  wIiom!  iiaii.i'  is! 
written  Wvicanih'iihwdkiiil,  which  .-iiiiiihed  tmc  niijiloj/td  on  inip'.iUtni  i 


nml  \siio  in 


the  I 


11 


reiich  war  was  a  iiicat  cai'taiii,  and    m   |ieace  a  ^reat  ((hiik 


or. 


lie  had  ii|ion  his   under    li|>   and  chin   tatooed   the   li^nr 


lizaid,  on  which  aceiainl  lie  was  olieii  called  7\r(iytiJi.^u-li/isiL     Hiuil; 
Was  head  warrior  of  all  the  Delawares  w  lio  li\ed  on  the  JMi; 
R 


<U   a  \V;.t,.' 

'lo!a 


\'(tii<ri 


iiiii 


ivei 


ri-.T(;iii:.\' v.NAi.As,  at  the  head  of  )^()  warriors,  a|i|)eared  sudilenlv  at  ( 


deniinetten,  siirroiindini;  it  heliire  dav,  allow  ii 


i.a- 


iio  one  il  chance  lor  c; 


Not  knowinji'   his  (diject,  the   |)eo|de   wcic   lilled   with   terror. 


lint 


disp  lied  their  liiin's,  l»y  telliiifi' tin  m  that   In-  came  to  take  the  chief  ^'/, 
vuitil,  and  a  few  other  head  men,  whom  he  woidd  have,  either  dead 
As  it   hapiieiied,  not  om;  of  those   he  si  ii^l.t  ai'tor  was  there  at  II 
lla\inu'  sali.-lied  himself  of  ihis  liii  t,  the  cliiei'  demandid  that  di  jMit 
the  thr,'e  Christian  towns  should  111  et  to  hear  what   he  had  to  si.y  tu  ll.. 
^S'ilell  the  de|iiities  and  o  lieis  h:'d  met,  he  .-poke  to  tii   m  as  follows:— 


Ml,  n? 


or  i:l!,l!. 

he  tii  f. 
uy  II.  ,11 


! 


rand 


.IK 


I  kin 


n.en,  listen  to  w 


hat  J 


:V  to    VMI. 


on  see  a  ■ircj.t 


]io\\('rfnl  nation  divided.     Yon  se<!  the  liitlier  lijihliiiii-  a^rjiinst  the  san.  ;i.( 
the  son  ai;aii.st  the  lat!  er. — 'i  iie  liitlii  r  has  called  on   his  Indian  cliililnii  to 
jiss'st  lim  in  pmiishiii^'  his  children,  the  Anicric- iis,  who  |;a\t'  I  ecoaic  ;• 
ihictory.     I  took  tinic!  to  consider  what  I  should  do  ;  whelln  r  or  no!  I  >lii  ii 
rccei\e  the  hatchet  ol'  my  latlcr,  to  assist  him.     .\t  iirst  1  look- d  upon  il  i 
u  liuiiily  (pitmel,  in  wliicii  I  wa.s  not  inti  rested.     At  leii<!tli  it  appeared  ti)i,ej 
that  the  fi.tiier  was  in  the  ri.:!ht,  and  his  children  desii  ved  to  ,,.■  pin  isl;i 

Thai  this  must  he  the  case,  f  cenchiileil  from  the  iiiaiiy  cn:cl  !;r;s  I  iai 

lilTIl  — ill  111' 


litlh 


fsp;  in^'  hi  (I  eoiiimittrd,  from  tin.e  to  time,  on  his   Indi;  ii  chil 


o 


oroaehin*;'  on  their  lam 


-tealini 


th 


ir  propel ly — shoot n,!;  at  and  niiiidi riii 


w  ilhoiit  cause,  men,  v\(imi  n,  and  chililr.  n  : — yes,  <  yen  miirderiiii;-  tluisc.  \\\ 
at  all  times  had  been  friendly  to  them,  and  were  placed  for  |irolectii)ii  iii.uerf 


\ca\r.  I  V.J 

.roof  ol'their  Tillier' 

(III'  time! — l'"riend.s 

J  ii.ake  amends  |i)|- 

iilren;  yet  these  do 

hiiiiile  to  be  so,  jis  |, 

(iiili'i's  C'tmmiiled  liy 

ii'iiMe  lieiyhliorii  ti> 

'  I'M-t  piOMicalioii  ■'- 

II.'    S'tl  indeed  no 

„  ii'iir  of  these  verv  ii 

i];,l('ly  were  privei'itcc 

,iil  jpy  tlie  (ifrat  spirit 

i'lii'  cliief  then  s|)ok. 

.iiiiiii'iidrd  tlnir  d.'.sin 

Mi-i  lie  aware  of  their 

lailii'H  inii.st  pass  over,  i 

j.'i|ii'il  destnictioii   from 

Ijfliisf,  hiif  they  should 

[•miply  (lilt  of  daiiifer. 

Till'  (  lirisiian  Indians 

■1111,  tliey  llioii;.'lif    the 

l:Miiis  at   war   wished 

.flliiiciit  upon   the  pa 

I.,Mii|iisls  the  same  w.- 

Hiiiiieiit;  and  lliereli>ri 

I'll  I'll. 

P'irhii-anlsr/il/iiliis  cons 
Iwcivd  very  li'din-jlv  i 
lu,».<iiiTy  that  they  shoii 
iipiitinii  to  use  coinpiilsl 
jlMltniro,  wiioso  tears  pr, 
Jiiiiltlii'  coniicil  JM-oke  np 
jiiiort  .■'t:iy,  wlioro  they  vd 
liuoitit.  Ilereadinnlvo 
h'iMiliilii.i  li;i(|  predict 
,a>,<iiriv  of  (inadeiihnett 
|iiiiliii(li<>'iiation. 

.\ijlliiiii"'  was  fi'ari  d  fro 
|rr<.;/'AVr,  dirt,/,  FAIwl 
jilnlters  of  the  ruin  (j1 
I  "III  not  iono;  after. 
I'm-  present  desiffn  nia 
'''■lin>iiicle.^  of  the  fi-f)n 
'"■''  iiiiiinteiiess  of  d(!t 
'•Miiiiot.  by  any  ride  ki 
rmor  Pdclnna'nalas,  ye, 
yll'i'iimd,  wo  shall  lot  tin 
|iirr;iti\e. 

Ikolcjn'xa/ichis  was  iif>t 
Nit  ill  .slle(l(iiliu;  blood; 

Mi.^h  ill  the  n  volution,  i 
Ifeutlier  allies  we  conld 
I'"'"'''  of  Buoki>n<j;al,rl„!,  is 

Iwistliiiiat  (rnad  iilnict 

lid^vcral  others,  were  si 

Ijmice,  to  the  Indian  nat 

"'■)■  luuiiiir  m-rivod  m^ar 


,\llii 


*  CitrdiiirlcsofV  o.sicrn  .Sculcinunts,  ;)aso-jVrt. 
t  VuddriJ^c's  r.olos,  2U3. 


iii'linjlnlhn  miirilrr  nfih 

p^i';;''iK'n.aml„ru|,i,|,  ,,^,  ,1,., 

I  "'^■'wiiigiowliulwchavcj 


rii\P.  I\'') 


iuj()K()\(iAnr:i..\s. 


03 


iiiorortlicir  fiitlu'r'M  house  ;  ■  llic  liiilicr  irniirtcli'htiiiidiiip  Hoiitryat  ilindoor, 

ilir  tiiiH' ! — l'"iii'n(ls  iiikI  rcl.ilivrs,  nlli  II  lias  lln'  liitlirr  Im-  'i  nlilii'i'il  In  r.lllt; 


liiki'  iiiiii'iids  lor  liic  wmiiHs  i 


iiid 


lll-^IIIK 


done    IIS,  |>\    Ills   n  iVi.norv 


i  ,ilili'i'ii;  yet  these  do  not  '^m\v  itetter.     No!  lliey  rein.-iin  the  same, and  will 


iiitiii 


lie  to  lie  so,  iis  joni;  MS  we  have  iiiiv  land    ieit    ns  I      Look   hai'k    nt   tl 


l(! 


ii!',|i'i's  eoiiiiiiiiled  liy  the  l,on;;-Kni\es  on  many  of  onr  r.  lations.  who  lived 
,ii('i'iilile  neiuhliors  to  tlicin  on  lli>'()|ii<i!  hid  they  not  kill  iliein  u  illiont 
„  |iM>t  |ii-moca!ion  !' — Are  diey,  do  _\nii  think,  heller  now,  ijiaii  they  wero 
,11.'  .No!  indeed  not  ;  and  iiiaiiyda\s  are  not  elapsed,  since  \on  had  ii 
,iii!ii  r  1)1'  these  \ery  nieii  near  yoiir  doors,  wlio  panied  lo  kill  ,\oii,  lail  Inr- 
ii;,tt'ly  wen'  |»revented  li'oni  so  doin-r,  hy  the  (ireat  Snn,f  who,  at  thai  tiino, 
;,i||i\  llie  (irral  S|iiril  Iti-eii  ordained  lo  |irotfet  yon  I" 

lilt' iliiel"  then  s|M»kewiili  res|ieet  of  their  peaeealile  mode  of  lill',  and 
,i{ii;iii'iid(  d  tlnir  di'sii'e  to  live  in  rri'iidsliip  wilhall  niaiiiund  :  hut  vaiii,  llay 
,i;.i  III'  aware  ol'  their  \  \|iosed  silnation — ii\in!,'  in  the  very  r<iad  the  ho^tilu 
allies  ninst  pass  over,  in  jidinir  to  li;fht  eiieh  other;  that  they  had  Jnsf  crt- 
iirii  (Icstrnrlion  t'roin  one  ot"  these  parties ;  that  thenliire  no  lime  slionid 
,.|u>t,  hnl  they  should  ;;(»  In  the  eoiinlry  on  the  .Miami,  wlnre  they  would  I 
liir.'lv  out  of  daniicr. 


10 


Ilic  Clirisiian  hidians  replied,  that,  as  they  had  never  injured  the  Anier- 
iiis,  tlii'y  tliouiilit  they  need  not  Tear  injury  I'rom  them;  tint  il"  their 
vikN  at  war  wished  tliem  well,  in  trnih,  they  would  not  iiiiike  their 
-il  iiiciit  ll|)on  the  path  they  took  to  yo  to  war,  as  it  would  lead  their 
jiitiHiists  the  same  way;  and   that  Ihcv  eoidd    not   remose    without    iiriMt 


rtiiiii'iit ;  un( 


tl 


lereloi-e, 


as  they 


were  then  situated,  tliev  could  not  emisent 


/'.(r/|OY( »/.■*(•/( i7/i7(/,9  consnited  in  the  mean  time  with  his  ehief  men,  and 
liESHvri'd  very  leelinjily  to  what  the  hretiircn  had  said,  lie  (diserved  that  ho 
]u> sorry  that  they  should  dill!'!'  Ironi  him  in  opinion,  hut  that  he  Jiad  no 
liaipiiiiiiii  to  ust!  compidsion,  and  only  reiinested  that  those  mi^^hi  he  jpeimit- 
llfiiM  ifo,  whose  tears  prompted  them  lo  il.  'This  was  readily  assented  to, 
luiil till' council  broke  up,  and  the  warriors  departed.  .At  f'alem  th<,y  made  a 
|iortst:iy,  whore  they  emidiicted  themselves  as  tliey  had  done  at  (inadeii- 

);t  II.  Here  a  liunily  ofold  iieop!:-  joined  llirm.  through  fear  ot' what  /'urh- 
\',ntS'-hilnliis  ii;id  predicted,  and  the  ev<'nl  jiislilied  the  proceeding!  Tlio 
sacri'  ol"  (Jnadi'iihnetton  will  ever  ho  rem(!ml)ered  with  the  deepest  rejjrct 
luiiliiiili^nialion. 

Nutliiiiii' was  lean  (1  froiii  tlio  jrood  Pdrhcnnimhts ;  Imt  tlie  prowlinj,' mon- 
|f'i«  .'/'/vVr,  (tlrli),  lllllot,    and  jterhaps  others,  ealliiiii  themselM'S  white,  were 

•  platters  of  the  ruiiKjl'  the  innocent  people  at  (inadenliiietten,  which  lol- 
Iwvid  not  ioiiw  al'ti-r. 

Diir  itrcscnl  de.siijn  makes  it  expedient  that  we  pass  over  many  events  in 
lieilinmicle.-i  of  the  fronli'r  wars,  that  we  nny  l)e  enalded  lo  proceed  with 


IWi'  IMIllUlelie; 


of  dt!tail,   in  the   live: 


the  eminent  chiefs.     .Altliouirh 


liecaiiiiol,  hv  anv  rule  known  lo  ns,  derivi;  liu()knni:<tli(i<tH  from  Parhu-ttntsd- 


ar  Pilchcnitnitlcts,  \»'t. 


tliev  have  as   much  allinilv 


I 


'onidiirom   an( 


|.'f/'i'f)Hic7,  we  shall  let  them  i>ass  lor  the  .s:im(^  |)ersoii,  and  thus  eoiitinue  our 
l;arriili\('. 
BuDkoin^alicfas  was  not  only  a  frreat,  hut  a  nohle  warrior,     lie  took  no  dc- 
iijlit  ill  slieddinjj  hlood  ;  and  when  Ik;  raised  the  hatchet  on  the  side  of  the 
Sriisli  ill  (lie  r.  volution,  il  was  for  the  hest  of  I'easons  ;  and  would  that  immc- 
i.Mitlicr  allies  we  could  name  had  acted   from  as  pure  motives!     Onr  next 
iiiii'i'  of  }iuoli(>n<j^(flii'li(.'i  is  in  IT'.l'i,  when  he  showed  himsell"  no  less  mannan 
laioiis  lliin  at  (Tnad,  iihuelten  and   Salem.     (Jolonel  Ihir.Un.  .Major  IVitmnn 
luilsi'vcral  others,  were  sent,  in  ]\Iay  of  tlii.s  year,  hy  If'ashinu'ton,  with  a  flag 
|j|' mice,  to  the  Indian  nations  of  the  west,  particularly  the  .Manmee  towns 
riiiy  liaviiifT  m-rived  near  the  Indian  town  of  An  (j'lai/.e  on  the  sonth-wes 

*  Mliulinj  lo  ilio  murder  of  ilic  Conostoga  Tiidiaiis,  wliicli  was  as  atrocious  as  thai  al  Gaa 
|kiii:i 'Mi'ii.  iiiKJ  of  wliicli  wc  sliall  in  due  course  ijlve  n  relalioii. 

ilerriiig  lo  wliut  \vu  have  just  rclulud  of  Colonel  Darnel  Broudlicad  tuul  his  army. 


'Vi 


III 


G4 


IlUOKONCAIir.I.AS— Ml  ItDI'R  OF  COL.  II AUDIN. 


(1!'»,K  V. 


CHAf.  J  V.J 


brniir'li  (if  til-    .'Miurni  of  the   Lnkc,  lill   in   willi  Hdriic   Ind 


tl 


""'I-',  "Ik.  triiitcd 


took  H(hiMiiii;,'c  III' llniii,  while  (ill"  llnir   f;ii!inl,  (iiid   iniiiilncd   nriirK  nil 


linn. 


H' iiilt'r|in'tcr   niiidi'  liin  r.-^iniic,  idler  mimic  time,  niid  pi\e 


fCMiiil  of  tlie  iraiisiieliiiii.      Ills  inline  uhm  llHlidin   Sinallii;  and   he  Imd   I 
xuiiii;  time  hefore  with  the;  Indians,  iiiiii  had  learned  ihe'i 


an  iM'. 


M".|| 


niaiiiieiH  and  ni 


toins,  uliieh  f:a\e  hiin  soini'  ad\aiitav'<'  in  lieiii;r  aide  to  save  Iiini>e|t;     || 
lit  (irsl  euiidiicied  tn  All  (il.ii/e,  and  somi  aHer  to  "  liii„li 


■  Ulis 


DclauaiTs,  li\  his  caiilors."     'i'iie  rhiil  lidd  llmse  that  ennimillrd  tl.. 
/((■  tni.i  nri/  .sorn/  llni/  IiikI  l.lllnl  Hit  nun.      TIkiI  lii'iUail  of  ,vo  ilniinc,  IIkii  ,./( 
liiiVf  l>r(niu;lil  till  m  lo  Hit  Inilinii  lowiin  ;  and  llieii,  if  irlinl  Ihi  1/  Imd  Id  :uiii'ltiul 
hirn  llkiil,  il  tnttiU!  Imir  Ixi n  lime  1  iiiiiU'li  lo  Inivr  killnl  limn  linn,     ,\■((//ll(('^  | 
Maid,  ronlil  Jnslij}/  llnni  J\n-  jnilllnix'  Hn  in  In  ilialli,  11.1  lltin    n'ns  no  ilnimr  I'm-  II 
lorKiii/w.     'j'he  truth  was,  they  killed  llieni  to  |dimdei'  (heir  elll'cts.     'jiiml, 


!!•  mtiidcr, 
lit 


'I'm 


fj;ii/iilii.i  look  .Mr.  Snnilli/  inln  liis  eahiii,  and  slmwed  him  •srrni   kind 


ni.-s;  |,,|,| 


liiiii  to  slay  there  wliiii;  he  eoiild  ^'o  sali'ly  to  his  liinncr  Indian  liieinl-, 
(lie  having' lieeii  adupted  into  an  Indiiiii  tiiinily,  in  |.|iice  ol' one  uhn  |.;„i 
liccii    killed,    in    his    (iirnier   r.iptix  ity.)       \\  liiie    In  re    with    lUml, 


'iin'snlnln..^ 

wcidd    Hot   idiiiit 

iaiis  Wiiiihl 


which    was    near  a  iiionih,    Air.    SniiiHi/  said    the    i  hieC 

liini   III    ;:<i  aliroad   alone,  I'ur   liar,   \v  .said,  that   tin    Miiinu    Ind 

kill  him. 

I'niiii  anotlicr  soin-cc  we  learn  the  ii;iiii"s  of  sew  ral  oftli,'  iniirdi  r. 
letter  lidm  I'aris  (in  the  new  rreiieli  settlement),  dated  .Inly  17,  st 
jliteHi;reiiee  iiad  heen  received  at  I'orl  .lelli'rson,  of  the  death  of  Mj 


.Mr.  rnuniin,  Dihinlii  [\\\k\  Jniriit.     'That   this  infornialiou   v\as  I 


lies.  |i,;,t 


vum, 


H'oii-llt 


„       ,  .        . .,„.„    ^^   I  ■""•'■'"  ^''"'f /^'V/'"-. 

lem  well  at  liisl,  iiiid  made   many  |ao|esMoiis  o|   ti  ieiid;.|ii|i.  hut   in  the  cik      ^B>    1  »■'•'* '"'''I'" ■•"led  to  |„|„ 

"■'     ■■■' ■■' '    '       ''■•'■ '         '  ■        ■  ^       :i'<l''iiiaiided,  " ///„,/ 

fiiiiiiKilKlaiil  de^i|■ed 

.")'l.».     'rile  senir\   III 

'■l"'''"">ved  lo*|,as 

'':!'.!  /invrnl  mi/''  ,s,d 

:-■  "I'try    ^aid,  .. '|.|, 

I  ■■'■'""•■  "Jl'i-Hnffirinv^ 

Aikm,ii,n  riinn:,hn, 

|W(I  ific  lort,  sviih, 

Jiraiiiral  reproach  1. 

niiirli  has  hee„  „„.,„j, 

\'l^  Slid  that  Uuol;o. 

01 1/'"*;  hilt  n:i  his  n 

:?"-'<l  to  ir.     (;eia  ra 

:•  ^iifi'i'Mncomim'ssi 

:'lii«llilll.s,  wliiel,  |,,„| 

•  '''"'  "II  oppdi'iiiiiin^ 
■■'''""li.<'eneral  ('larli 

■ii'!;:  l/n'n  i/inj  Iji-on'^hl 
:''''f:.v  <'i..\UK." 
l;'''|)arafeailie|c  in  1 

i.;'/>f.iivady  meiiti(.ne( 

''■"■••  '•''•'•'••^  Krhlnnvuv 
pkin,  or  III,.  Iiii^.,.„i .  ^ 

b'licMhr  the  Tnited'}. 

!•'»•"•'■  "alion,  in  f|,„  , 

liinliK!  portions  o/"  th, 

Mv.iis/iiilyasif  tlirv 
.'"■'•':''':Mi:.M.,„ne  (,f'|| 
«:iIh'  treaty  of  |.\„.,   ^^|. 
.isiiiiiiic  si-iiiiied  .7  U(i 
y  ^"  ••••illed  his  i;,ih,, 
■';'';■'"'  "'■  f>'ldl'-,m,A\ 
,;■'■'•  ""•illlx'yonnn  hei] 
"■'■'""iiiN.'d  the  e„„rs<' 
''''■"'  -''11  If  could  do 
'ill  \^is    the  p„u,.r  01 
■';"-■''  li'i'i-  to  iihrndon 
:•'"''' '"■|"'"t''elion  of  ili 
'"'.•'■Iv".-'  .sili',  l.nt  ihe\- 
'■"'■'"..'■'iii'tlier  will,,,  „,■„, 
i^Ns;,-,!,,!  jnst  heh.wt'. 
="'f';'l^"''ll'Vlhe,Mnrd, 
,*l''''  "'  tli„-(,'hri.,ian 
*!  »lM«nc(.    this    c|ii,.r 

;>'i';i'idsuinini;n-acM.J 
:,'''7"'''.vl.e!,i,d;a,no, 
I";'"'-' ''".I  written  doci 

""  •"'  '•'"  ""u-  h.ul  i;d|. 
r;f' "',  »Ih.  killed   at  tl„ 
™i''  iiieiitiniied."     The 
**'";'"l''P|M-.ciated;    ;| 

:3^- '''•'■"■  lla.irhatn.dil 

"■'".<  J"iii  'd  il,e  Chris  ill, 

rr"f '•";'-"  i-ne! 

^'^""  "^^I..T,  aiKl-wldch 
4i» 


and  omliarked  with  tliciii  in  caiioos,  uiid  i)assed  up  the  river,  to  send  alliii'  "f 


Cani/s  Museum,  \ii.  15. 


t  By  Mr.  Daicaou,  paj^e  "-. 


K    V. 


|lrni| 
10  (M 

IlllS    ( 


to 
11  uiF 
ilil'iL'e 


111  It 

Idl'C. 


|/('(;i/m'   111- 
lie'  V.I  mill 


CHAf.  IV  J 


CAPTAIN  iMi'i:.— cJi:i.i:Li;>iKM». 


05 


■nli'il 

I   " 

fiiil 

*' 

11    nf 

1    !IC- 

ln't'H 

y  ., 

nis- 

r  WtiS 

' 

It'  till! 

'- 

Mi.l.r, 

t-llDvIll 

'•         ' 

<til  not 

'■-    ' 

1 

iiV,  iio 

' 

))■  IIk  in 

jf 

iiiiliiiii- 

<  ;  liijil 

iiiiiil.-!. 

Iin   UA 

> 

lai/li/iW, 

licrmit 

'    WdUlll 

j 

111.   '-A 

1 

lo.  iliiit 

ii   / (ill - 

linmv'lit 

1 

•    I'SClljIO. 

1 

rciil.d— 

s    Tliry 

1,"   i 

ir'l^nlii'l;' 

ovnl  tli{ 

)   y 

•IT  ;;iM'i 

1  f 

liuriil  ill 

1  * 

IS    iillllK 

.  1 

T    ^1 

Irnniiii' 

I     * 

triici' 


to  fort  U'ltmf.    WIh'Ii  tim  rliicC 


tin-ivi'il  (ifr'iiii>4t  tlio  Itilii  Ii   rm-t,  liu 

ni|ll   .<ln|  to  hillil,  wliicji  lie  iliil.      Wlicll  In- IiimI  ii|i|i|n,n"Iu(l  llir  si'iuiiicl, 

//I'.'"     Ih'   uii.-i  iiiir^wncd   tlmt   tlio 


% 


iiiaiidcil,  "  ////((/   /((((•(    ij. til  lit  yni/  lit 

jiiiiiihiiil  ilrr-ircil  til  K|H'iik  with  liiiii.     "  'JVkii  Ii 


'IV  iiiiiif  nunc  ilKiu;. 


Wlli  tlio 


riir  Mwitrs  tlii'ii  said  tlii' ullirrr  wmild  ikm  d<>  tliiit,  unit  tli.-it  lii'  wniiiii 
jol  lit'  ailnwt'il  III  [iiiss  till-  liirl,  ii'  lie  did  iidt  coiiiiily  wiili  its  nijc.-i,  "  It  /ml 
,\,iH  linvnil  inv  .' "'  Miiid  llir  iiiti'i'|iid  rliirl'.      rniiiliiiir  to  tlir  niiiiioii  iil'llic  Inif, 


-Ii 


itn    haid,  "'riitisi'."     'I'lii!  cliii'l' icjilii'd  iiidiiinaiitlv,  *•  /  t'nir  iml 


liMoit-  iijlir  sull'iriiin-  IIk  .hmririnuH  lo  ilijllc  j/imr  niniii!':,  irillioul  ilni-'nii<;  Id JU 
,:illniii,  iliii  ritniiil I  vjiiilUtfrijfhlin  Jti  <tKit.Niii;iir.i.As."  lie  rciiultarkcd,  and 
psiil  llif  fort,  wiiiiuiii  iiiolrstatioii.  Il\  "  dt  lilinji;  llirir  H|iriii;L;,"  ho  meant 
jlriiiiii'iil  ri'iiriiafli  to  llic  .{rili>ii  ;:aiTi.-i)n  liir  tliiir  tiraclicn  to  tlm  liidi.uiH, 
wliii'li  lias  iiri'ii  Jill  ntiiiiiril. 
I,'  i?i  said  that  ltinil,iiii!::iiliilii.i  was  iircscnt  at  I'ort  iM'liiInsh,  at  tlir  treaty 
(,f|7.'''i;  hut  as  his  naiin-  is  iml  aiDoii;,'  the  si^'iirrs,  we  Mi|i|m-i'  lie  \\,,M 
,ii;iiwil  to  it.  (ieiii  nil  (!i(irii;r  II.  ('Iiirl;,.liilnir  Lie,  and  liuhni-il  HiiUvr,  wero 
■,i  Viiierieaiicoiiiniissioiiers;  the  tiirnii  r  liad  heeii  a  siiecessliil  warrior  a;;aiiist 
;■  liiilians,  whieh  had  fiiiiiicd  him  the  resiieci  of  ISinihiiiiu^dlitiiin;  and  wlieii 
,  |i;iil  an  ojt|iorluiiil\,  lie  passed  the  oiliers  wiihoiii  noticiii;.'  iliem,  Inn  went 
..Jliiiik  (ieiii  ral  Cliirk  \>\  the  hand,  and  said,"/  llt'inli  Ihr  (Irml  Spiril  jor 
\!riii<;  llns  iliii/  l/nni/^lil  logtlhir  livo  siirk  f^rmt  wuiriurs,  ua  JdJoKoMiAiiKiaa 

M.MiK.V.  Cl.AKh." 

Asi'imrate  nrtiele  in  the  treaty  jnst  named,  illnstratr.s  tln^  history  of  several 


il'>  iilrradv  mr-iitioned.     It  is  in  these  word? 


It 


is  airreed  that  the  i)el- 


tliey  kr|it 

.-Isle,  I'lir-  ■ 
-iii'd  ;  ' 
'I'lie  ? 
TliiMiiii-; 
liein.  li:''V  ■ 


i,»;iir  eiiiels  Ki:!tlaiwiii:l,  [(Jilrii iiuii.l,  Killhiif/;,]  nv  Colonel  llriirif;  Uin^iie- 
jh'ki.i,  or  ihe  liiif-ntl ;  Ifintriilnid,  tn'  ('a|il,,in  ff'liih-iiii.i ;  who  look  n|i  flio 
L!ili(t  lor  the  I'nited  States,  and  their  liimilies,  shall  he  received  into  tho 
[I  |;i\\;ire  nation,  in  the  same  si.nation  and  rank  as  heliire  the  war,  iiiiil  ••njoy 
iiiiliie  portions  oi"  the  lands  loliie  Wyandot  and  Delaware  nations  in  ihis 
irmly,  as  fully  as  if  they  Irul  not  taken  part  with  America." 
(iKi.i:i.i;MKM),  one  of  I  he  most  conspicuous  of  those  noticed  in  the  provision 
(/llir  treaty  of  I'ort  ,M'liilo,-|i,  we  will  procei d  to  c  n.-ider  in  this  place. 
Ilisniiiiie  si;;nilied  .7  Iciiilir,  hut  he  was  called  Killliii'/;  liccause  the  whites 
!;a!  Ml  railed  his  liitlnr,  and  to  distin;:iii.>h  him,  iunior  was  added.  I'poii 
iiMlifitli  of  It'hili-cms,  \u\  ua  that  chiel"  had   done,  accented  the   ollice  ^>^' 


ilUl 


ili.'it' 


li;,M'l\  1" 
lien,  iii'il= 


ri.w". 


lliiitl 


lliill  ln'ittj 

1(1  >i)  umu 

jif  )il;iii>  tol 

ii-  iiitrn^t,! 


if,  iiiilil  the  yomi;>  heir  should  he  old  enoii<;h  to  till  the  important  |ili<c(>. 
liiiiiliiiiied  the  course  of  measures  carried  on  hy  his  predecessor,  hut  in 
Will"  all  he  eiiiild  do,  ( 'iptaiii  I'lpc  succeeded  in  deleatinji'  his  desinny, 
'ill  was  the  power  ol"  /'//'■■,  that  ('n!tlimiul  and  his  party  were  lorced 
..,iiii;;li  fc;ir  to  aliindon  tin  ir  council-house  at  (Josclioelikini'-,  and  retii-o 
aih'tlie  protection  of  the  Aiiuiricans  near  I'iii.  huri;".  Here  they  siippos.'d 
iLiiii-clves  safe,  hut  they  were  soon  disipi  ointed  ;  "fer  while  the  (riendly 
;:iiilr<,tiL:etlier  with  a  nuinher  of  their  p  (»pie,  were  peace.dil)  livini!'  to.:i  llier 
i:i:iii  isliiiiil  just  helow  t'c  town  of  l'iltsliiir;j;',  they  were  siiddeiily  siirpiised 
;:il;lla.'ked  by  the  miirderinji'  party  which  had  returned  lioni  kiiliiii;  .."ar  ii 
Luiiilivil  of  the  ('hri  tian  Jndi.ins,  and  |iaitly  killed  and  partly  put  to  lli^ht, 
|lniiii  whence  tlii.s  chief  [Kililnich)  saved  his  lilt'  only  liy  takimr  to  tho 
"Vir ami  swimm'mi;' acio«s  t  I  the  point,  or  town,  [<if  I'il.shiiri;]  leaving  all 
L>|irii|ii'rly  helii  id  :  amo;i;i'  which  was  the  hi;:  coiitainim;  all  the  wampiini 
sivivlies  and  written  documeuts  of  U  iiliam  I'mii  and  his  succe^sors  lor  n 
;ri;t  iiiiin'.ier  of  y  ars,  which  had  for  so  Ion;:  a  lim  ■  heen  carefully  preserved 
Ik)  tlii'.'ii,  hut  now  had  fallen  into  the  hands  of  a  murderiiiir  hand  of  wliiiD 
|av;iL'i'.«,  who  killed    at  the  same  time  the  promisin;;-  yonnij  J)elaware  chief 

l;e  r  mh'icd  to   l*eniis\lv,ii.ia   \V(  ro 


I  ilmvi' 


iiiiiitioncd 


T\ 


le  inaiiv  *<  i'^  i«'<'s 


hinwii  and  appr.  cialed  ;   which   s'rvic  .-,  Iiowever,  hi  inu'   ohiioxioiis  to  ll 


Itli 


|«ii:lliy 
simiili 


I '•mil'  tiiii 


drew  their  hatred  iipo..  him,  so  much  so,  lliat   ill.  y  ordered  any  that 
I  meet  wiih  him  to  shoot  Idm  d.vid.     He  tlien  loit;  remained  conce.iled 


luui, 


,1  a  \h'S  "! 


f 


ifter  ilie  peace,  with  tie'  iiuli  ins.  wiiii  hi-  lamily  al  I  Jltshur;^'.     Ill 
llyjeiii 'd  the  Chris. ian  liidiai;s  and  lived   iiiiil  r   ll.i  ir  piotrction;  never 


Clr 


|'''iltllri||n 


ir  I  I'd  11  lioine 


-t  ih 


'dn 


■levs 


iiilJ   III' if  wi 


.nd   kill   liini 


)ii<: 


h.ipli/i'd  hy  t!ie  naiiK!  ol'  fiUluni   llnir/.H  iiHiiie   he  had   hec  n   h 
\ii.mn  uuder,  and  which  was  tliul  cf  a  diblin"U!shLa  njcml>er  of  coiiirrtss, 


■ 


M 


86 


CAPTAIN  PIl'E. 


[Book  V. 


CO 


nfeiTod  by  liiiuself.     Killbvck*  died  in  the  fuith  in  January     .-^H    ;n„A 
outdO.f  '^" 

A*  tlio  tunc  tIios(!  praiT!il)l('  Tiidiaiis  were  miirdoroiisly  drivm  liom  tlicir 
island,  as  j"!-t  n</tic('(l,  ./i/i,'--r«/t  narrowly  cscapcci  the  slaiijrlitcr.  l!c  retired 
to  tlio  Miami  country,  uiion!  In;  atli-rwards  died.  Ho  jiad  l)i-,.n  aii  .ililo 
coiinscdlor,  and  allcrwards  ii  el  del"  of  tin;  Turtle  trilie.f  l}ul  to  retina  to 
Cai)tiiin  Pl/jc. 

At  one  time  after  an  exiMdition  afrainst  the  Amerieans,  Captain  Pine  \y,\\i 
to  Detroit,  \\li(  re  he  wan  received  with  reH|)eet  l)y  the  JJritish  conuniuid.iiit 
who,  with  his  attendants,  was  iusitcd  to  the  council-hoii.se,  to  jrivc!  aii  ai'ccjiint 
of  past  transactions,  lie  was  sealed  in  Iront  of  his  Itidians,  tiicinu'ilie  cl.i,.)" 
olVn-er,  and  held  in  his  left  hand  a  short  stis  k,to  which  waslastened  a  simId 
Alter  a  usual  pause,  he  arose  ami  spoke  as  Iblluws: — 

"  Futlur,  [then  he  .-looped  a  littlt^,  and,  turnin.<r  towards  the  andieiipp  v,\\\^ 
a  connt<;nance  full  of  great  e.\|)ression,  and  a  sarcastic  look,  s  lid,  in  ;i  \„\\,.f 
tone  of  voice,]  "  1  have  siiid  fathkr,  althous;h,  indceil,  I  <lo  vol  know  wnv  /  ,(„| 
io  call  him  so,  haviiifji'  never  knowv  ani)  other  Jhllwr  than  the  French,  end  ajn.tliir- 
inn;  the  Eni^lish  onbj  as  iiTiOTiiKRs.     Jiitt  as  this  name  is  also  imposed  unon  ng 
I  shall  nvike  use  of  it,  and  saij,  [at  the  same  time  fixinir  his  ejes  u|)on  the  c.  iji-' 
inandant,]  F<dhvr,  so:nc  lime  in^o  you  put  a  war  hatchet  into  nvj  hands,  sumu': 
'  T(d:e  this  arapcn  and  tnj  it  on  tne  heads  of  m;/  enemies,  the   Lonu:- Knives,  and 
let  me  afterwards  know  if  it  was  sharp  and  frood.^     Father,  al  the  time  when  w,u, 
gave  me  this  weapon,  1  had  neither  cause  nor  inclination  to  go  to  war  airinnk  a 
people  who  had.  done  me  no  injiuy ;  yet  in  obedience  to  you,  who  say  you  are  nw 
father,  and  call  me  your  child,  I  received  the  hatclwt ;  well  knowing,  that  if  /  iU'd  ; 
not  obey,  you  would  withhold  from  mc  the  necessaries  of  li^e,  mlhout  whirh  I  rould 
not  subsist,  and  wliich  ai-e  not  elsewhere  to  be  procured,  nd  at  the  house  nf  nni  i 
father. —  You  may  perhap?  think  mc  a  fool,  for  risking  ?/>','  life  at  your  blddiim:  in 
'a  cause  loo,  by  winch  I  have  no  prospect  of  gaining  any'!rng;fur  it  /syoiM'  nuistt 
and  not  mine.     It  is  your  concern  to  fight  the  Long-Knives  ;  you  hnve  mi.'nil  a 
qunrrcl  amongst  yourselves,  and  yon  cu;  ' '  yourselves  to  fight  it  out.     You  .ilmrld 
not  compel  your  dnldren,  the  Indians,  to  (..  lose  themselves  to  danger,  for  yotir  s':k:s. 
— Fuller,  many  livis  have  already  been  lost  on  your  account! — JVutions  hnre.  iof.- 
fcred,  and  heev   weakened' — children  have  lost  parents,  brothers,  an'IrJ.ativt.i. '— 
wives  have  lost  husbands ! — It  is  not  known  how  many  more  may  perish  /;  i  ;e 
your  war  will  be  at  an  end! — Fdlwr,  I  have  said,  that  you  may.  perhitps,  fhii !;  ,!e 
a  fool,  for  thus  lhiiugld!ess!y  rusliing  on  your  enemy  ! — Do  not  believe  thin.fi.U.i.  ,• 
Think  n:t  Ihd  I  went  sense  t'l  convince  me,  that  althmgh  you  wnv  pretcn  I  lu  /,  .o 
vp  a  perpilmd  enmity  to  tite  Long-l'nivcs,  you  may  before  long  r.onnvdc  a  jare 
with  them.— Father,  you  s^iy  you  love  your  children,  the  Indians. — This  you  hm 
ofln  to! J  them,,  and  indeed  it  is  your  interest  to  s  ty  so  to  them,  tliat  you  mmj  h:n 
them  (it  your  service.     Ihd,  father,  who  of  us  can  believe  that  you  can  /'/O?  ((y."  y/e 
of  a  (liferent  C)!orfrom  your  own,  belter  than  those  who  have  a  white  fki.i  Ih 
yourslvcsi     Fat':er,  p  ly  edlention  ii  what  I  am  going  to  say.     Jf'hilc  you,J'.ll'r, 
are  setting  mc  [meamn^-  tla;  Indians  in  general]  on  your  enemy,  much'^in  Ik 
same  m  tuner  as  almnlir  sets  Ids  di)gon  the  game  ;  wliHc  I  am  in  the  at  ofru.^ingK 
on   th(d   enemy  (f  yours,  with  the  bloody  destructive  wc'tpon  you   'rave  mi,  M 
ni'ty,  jwrrhdner,  hippen  to  look  back  to  the  place  from  whence  ,ni  starlet  inc. 
iv'ud  shdl  I  s;  e  !     Perhaps  I  miy  see  my  father  shaking  hands  with  the  A-*"^ 
Knives ;  yes,  with  these  very  people  he  now  cat's  his  enemies.     I  miy  then  sir  liiiM 
laugh  at  nv/fo'tyfn-  havin<r  obeyel  his  or  lirs ;  and  yet  I  am  now  risking  m;i  'ifq 
at  his  comnand!     Father,  k<  p  wkil  I  have  said  in  remcmhrance. — .Wnv,  f<dkir^. 
here  is  what  hrs  been  done  tud'i  tlw  hiil-het  you  gave  me.     [Witli  these  uoi'ils  li«| 
hande  I  the  stick  to  tic  comnKindunt,  with  the  si-alp  upon  it,  ahov;'  im  ii- 
tioned.]     I  hnv- done  with  the  h'dchrt  ivhil  you  or  I e  red  me  to  do,  and  foinv!  ifM 
sharp.     jYevertlidess,  I  did  not  do  all  llial  I  might  have  done,   A''j,  I  didn.t.    .'^m 

*  AiiiilluT  oCllio  same  iiaiiie  is  niPiitioiioil  by  i\lr  Lntrobe,  Itamhlos,  ii.  118,  vvlioin  ho'i*! 
at  New  I'aiilielil  i.'i  If!,)i  ;  •'  a  venerable  "  man  "  walcliiiig-  llie  bed  (if  liis  dyiu{J  iluii:;lik'r,  iKl 
last  ol'  12  tliii'lreii." 

t   lli'i-kfwfid^r's  I'idjrapliy  <>''liie  Delawnres,  \t.^  in  Pliilos.  Trans. 

j  M'U  dii^iie.  I'usch^ls,  utcjrdiim'  lo  Ihckeweldcr. 


Chap.  I  V.J         CAPI 

knrt  failed  within  me 

woiMcii  and  chiidrei 

t'li'ired.    I  took  son':  I 

pvr  large  canor-o^  oh 

lltsli,  (tndfind  I  laf  //,, 

y.K  will  not  ihsiroi/  \i 

INS" /Art/  which  with  m 

isalwiiy.i  (inpty ;  hut 

Alter  a  high  encoii 

Ili'ckewelder  says,  " 

il  uill*  the  nol'fe  an( 

•;irch  was  addresscf 

ll;i;i.<h  name.     Jh;  o| 

fciisio  light  again.-t 

.1-  ';is  in  his  power  I 

',''l"''''.'  /'V"-,  and,  1  I 

iiit  (if  this  indi.aii  clii 

M'l'ii-^"  tlian  his  eIo(| 

I'lie  name  or  (•;,,, t,,j 

bii'iited  Colonel  JfUli 
ilii'  most  horrible  juid* 

Ms|i;u-ticularlyobnoxi 
i''iii:a.iiider  against  tin 
I'l'l"'' ■f^'iiidu.skv.in  |li< 
i'l'T'N  iif  tlie  liead  of  a 
!"itti. flight,  without  hi 
rti''l't,  indeed,  .some  ii 
Miltiiken,  and  of  the  ii 
I'lpfain  /V>i'"jiott 
wl'.dians  at  this  tiim 
in-ati.'i.r  il,  a  body,  tln-y 
'fi'limids  of  then-  pui-a 
'™  lii'dy  ofhis  sohliei 
';!'i''n-elation.«,  whom  I 
('r  tlieni  an  mn-ea.sonal 
A/i/:;7//  and  two  others 
"I'l",  with  several  ofhiw 
'',''•"' Oltl  Wyandot  To, 
ihiiford  anif  Knight  b 
'>;  -Now  Wyandot  'I'o 
Mler.'d,  and  Pipe  fold 
'*';';''v<l;  of  which,  it 
■ral'l''  nvn  wm,  accon 
""'Nc<l  Ifm'jcenim.     8,'v. 
"•'.'' 'i-^  Kmlrhl  ami   Cr, 
«;i;'sofii„.irfi-i<.Mds,h 
'■"'  '•••(■Il  picked  up  at  t'll 
f^' were  tho..eM nn-d, 
""•'';"i'l.^ofln<lian.s,|u, 
«'"IA"^-A/saw.SV,„,,„  c 
l^'^N^'Ip'U  or  wr;tten  v 
"'•>nlllieiortm-eof  Cr,\ 
■y^'i' the  colon,]  was  til 
'''■''iKl'.ii.siiiano-irnes 
alMdeoi.s  y.  II,  and   (Ml 

'■",'"■  ';'."""^  ^\'li<M.  he  sun 

"'••  hnig'd  was  r.'serv 

"'.''■'''  ""' -'fionizing  ejaci 

;;''7';i"fr"id"f,;',;,; 

'"''•''''  ll'<'  thon^rhts  „r 
";'"  -^  much,  nav,  mor. 
^'■'-■"iLd  no  iiossibiiiiy  of 


Chap. 


IV.] 


CAPTAIN  PIPE.— CRAWFORD'S  EXPEDITION. 


67 


\fnr\  failed  tcilhxn  mc.  I  frit  compassion  for  yowv  memif.  Iniiorpiire  [Iirlploss 
ffOiiH'ii  iiiid  cliildrcii]  had  no  part  in  your  ifuarrds  ;  thcrrforc  I  dislInscuisluJ — / 
mred.  1  look  son:  Wvr.  tlcsli,  tchich,  ivlillc  I  was  hrini^inp;  to  you,  I  spied  one  of 
mr  Utricc  citnof",  on  icliirk  I  put  it  for  you.  In  a  few  clays  you  will  rerun  r  this 
'i\'At,  and  find  I  lal  the  ^''nn  is  of  the  same  color  with  your  own.  Father,  I  hope 
,(,!( icill  not  distroy  wlial  I  have  saved.  You,  father,  have  th:  means  of  /irescrv- 
],(*  llud  which  with  Hir  uvuld  ptrishfor  ivant.  The  warrior  is  poor,  and  hisrabin 
i,  «/(('-(.i/.'  >'"'/''.'/ ;  ''"'  your  house,  father,  is  edwaysffdl." 

\\\\'v  ;i  liigli  ciicoinimii  upon  tliis  spccdi,  wliicli  iiocd  not  ho  ropoatod, !Mr. 
Ili'ikcwlder  says,  "  It  is  lint  jnstico  licre  to  sa; ,  that  Pipe,  was  wi-ll  acqnaint- 
\\\\\\>  tin;  nol'le  and  frf^in-nins  character  f)t'  tin;  Hritish  otliccr  to  wlioni  this 
■  ri'i'h  was  a(hln'ss('d.  \\v.  is  still  livin-j;  in  his  own  conntry,  an  honor  to  the 
|l;i;ish  name.  1 1<;  oiicycd  tin;  orders  of  his  snpcriors,  in  rinjiloyin^'  the  lii- 
.!i:iii<  lo  li^ht  iijraiiir't  us;  i)nt  he  did  it  with  reliictaiice,  and  solteiieil  as  \\\w.\\ 
;.  'iisiii  his  |iower  the  horrors  of  that  ahoniinahle  warfare.  1!(!  estemied 
(':i|ituiii  Pipe,  and,  1  have  no  donht,  was  well  pleased  with  the  hiiinaiie  eon- 
■iit  iit'ihis  hi'lian  chief,  whoso  sayacity  in  this  instance  is  no  loss  deserving 
ijiiMisi'  tliaii  his  eloipience," 

Tlie  iianieo'"  Captain  Pipe  is  niifortnnalely  associated  with  tlie  history  of  tho 
hiiHMited  Colonel  William  Crawford,  who  perished  at  the  st:dve,  athr  siilllTi:ig 
;:i' iiiiist  horrihle  andexcniciiitinjr  tortnres  |)ossil)l»;  for  Indians  to  inflict.  He 
w;is|i;irtirnlarly  ohnoxions  to  iheni,  from  having  heen  many  years  a  snccissfnl 
iiiiiiaander  auainst  them.  He  Htll  into  tln^  hands  of  tht^  Indians  not  lin-  li'oni 
I'lipi'i-  Sandnsky,  in  the  latter  end  of  May,  ]7H'2,  At  this  time  he  was  arrivi-d 
tlniv,  at  t!ie  head  of  a  hand  ofahont  .WO  volunteers,  who  were  attacked  and 
put  to  Hight,  without  having  acquitted  themselves  like  sf)ldiers  in  any  degree; 
(\rt|it,  indeed,  some  individual  instances.  At  least  a  hundred  were  killed 
aiil  tiiken,  .nid  of  tlu^  latter,  hut  two  arr:  said  ever  to  hav(!  escaped. 

("aptain  Pipe,  if  not  the  jirinciptd,  was  probably  one;  of  tln^  chief  leaders  of 
;lic  hfilians  at  tliis  time.  When  the  rout  of  tin;  army  began,  instead  >  ro- 
iroaliM!''  ill  a  body,  they  fled  u:  small  parties,  and  thus  fell  an  easy  prey  into 
ill 'liaiids  of  their  ])nrsuers.  Colonel  Crawford  became  separated  from  tlic 
iii;iiii  Imdy  of  his  soldiers,  by  his  extreme  anxiety  for  his  son,  and  two  or  three 
ii'iiT  relations,  whom  h(>  suspected  were  in  the  rear,  a  ul  therefore  waited 
|ir  tlii'in  an  unri-asonahle  time.  ]fe  at  length  fled,  in  conipany  with  a  Dr. 
Knight  and  two  others,  rnliirtnnately,  after  travelling  near'y  two  days,  they 
lUMv,  with  several  others,  siirjirised  by  a  party  of  Delawares,  and  conducted 
Iim'mc  Old  Wyandot  Town.  Here  (Captain  Pipe,  with  his  own  hand.-;,  painted 
Cmnihrd.  aiul  Kniirht  black  in  every  jiart  of  their  bodie.s.  A  place  called 
i!n'  New  Wyandot  Town  was  not  far  ofl".  To  this  pl.ice  they  were  now 
oydcr.il,  and  Pipe  tfild  Crawford,  that  when  he  arrived  there,  his  he  id  should 
Ih  ;>liav  (1 ;  of  which,  it  seems,  he  did  not  understand  the  iin|)ort.  Th  se  mis- 
iTalili,"  iii'ii  Wi  re  accompanied  by  Pipe  and  another  noi'd  J)el'iware  (diiefj 
iiuiiicd  Win'xenim.  S.veral  other  cajitives  had  b.M  n  sent  i()rward:  and  ii:  the 
wy,  ;is  Kniixld  and  Crawford  pass  d  along,  they  saw  four  of  the  mangled 
bolicsof  liieir  friends,  lying  upon  th(>  ground,  dead  and  scalp  d.  Niiii'  olliers 
liiiil  been  picked  up  at  tiie  same  lime  the  two  just  nam  d  were,  and  f  nr  of 
iiii's'  were  tliose  murderc'd  in  the  way.  The  otli(>r  live  met  a  like  liite,  from 
llii'liaiids  of  Indian  sfpiaws  and  boys  at  the  destined  village.  Here  Cra.ifora 
aiiil  Kni^dd  saw  Siinm  (Hrly,  of  whom  no  human  being  since,  W(!  apprelnmd, 
li':ss|.oki'ii  or  written  without  indignation.  He  is  represented  to  have  wit- 
in  >>^t:(lllietortnri!  of  Criuforl  with  much  satisliiction  ! 

.Arcrtlie  colon.  I  was  tied  to  tlr-  iiitiil  post,  Cajitain  Pi'/w*  addressed  the  assein- 
lil'M  hidiaiis  in  an  ciriest  speech,  wliiidi  when  he  had  clos  •d,tliey  all  joiiifMl  in 
aliiilioiis  yell,  and  fell  to  torturing  the  prisoner,  whiih  coiitimied  fir  about 
lliri'i!  l.oiirs,  ^vlien  he  sunk  down  upon  li>s  face,  and  with  a  groan  <'Xpii'ed. 

Dr.  Kniix'd  was  reserv  d  for  the  same  flit",  and  was  iires'Ut,  and  obliged  to 
li'Mi'  the  agonizing  ejacidations  of  his  friend,  and  at  last  to  s 'o  him  expire 
will.iKit  I)  iiig  ahl  •  to  reiid(M'  him  even  t!ie  assistance  ot'a  consoling  \vord ! — 
li.ili'cd  the  thoughts  of  iiis  own  condition,  and  t!ie  end  that  awaited  him, 
Ivor..  ;is  iiiudi,  nay,  more,  perhaps,  than  a  rational  mind  could  hear.  'I'liero 
HuiiiLd  no  poasibility  of  a  delivcrunce  ;  but  it  cumo  in  uii  unexpected  liour 


mm* 


mm 


;,..ii 


'.)    rt 


'i- 


'  ,:' 


I  1 


■i^l 


ftrl 
^1 


68 


WlNOnNUND'S  LNTKRVICVV  Willi  COL.  CRAWFORD. 


[Ko.'K  V. 


Chap.  IV.] 


COL. 


lie  \va»  to  he.  sent  to  tlic  SawjUKM;  Town,  and  ior  tliis  |)iii|)()S(!  Mas  iiitni^i  .1 
to  a  yoim^f  warrior,  who  watrlu'tl  him  iiu-cs.saiitly.  'J'lic  (listaiicci  was -ih  '! 
40  mill's;  ami,  thiriiiij;  their  march,  he  li)iiiiil  mcaii.s  to  knock  down  iiisdnv' 
and  mak(!  p)o(l  his  t'sca|i(!.  He  was'*l  day.s  mthc  wildunK  ss  alone,  and  w^"" 
nearly  liimislied  wIn'O  he  arrived  at  I'ort  3rintosh.  At  the  jilace  to  whi  f 
lie  was  destined  hy  tin,'  Indi.ni.s,  Colonel  Cntufuid\s  son,  tou-in-law,  ainl  s,., ' 
oral  others,  w»;re  put  to  death  abont  the  .same  time. 

If'iiinruuiuf,  ff'i)>!:;iinoond,  ov  ff'iiiu:(iijnooiid,  \iih{  an  interview  wi'.li  ('ii|,i|„,| 
Crawford  innnedialely  bi'liire  his  exeiiiiion,  and  as  he  snhst.nice  of  u'l,- 1 
jKissed  hetwccn  the  vi(;tim  and  tlu^  ehiel'  has  heen  prcsen  •d,  it  t^\\\\\\  ii,..., 
he  ^iiven,  not  merely  lor  the;  history  which  it  contains,  hnt  as  it  snikiii!.|v 
brini;s  to  view  the  manner  in  wliieli  an  Indian  exercisea  his  \icws  orjiM,,.,. 
in  an  extraordinary  case. 

This  chief  had  i>eiMi  known  to  Crawford  som(>  time  beliire,  and  Imd  Imph 
on  terms  ol'trno  rriendship  with  him,  and  kindly  entertained  hy  jiim  ;,(  i,:^ 
own  lionse ;  an<l  snch  acts  ot'  kindness  all  red  men  remendier  with  iriMiitiidi 
fyiiii!:(iiiind  does  not  appear  to  have  heen  |)resent  when  the  lirsl  preiianiiiDiiJ 
were  made  Tor  hnrniiij:' the  prisoner,  hut  resided  not  far  Ironi  liie  ll,i;i|  ^uu\  nuj 
iiad  retired  to  his  cahin  (hat  he  mijiiit  not  see  the  sentence  of  his  nalinii  ( xc. 
ciitt'd  upon  one  caUinj;  him  his  I'riend  ;  hut  Vranford  reipie.-^ted  that  lii'iiii"iit 
be  Si'iit  Tor,  rh»;erinjr  his  almost  rayless  mind   with  the  faint  hope  thiitlio 

woitld  interpo.se  and  savt^  him.     A( rdin^ly,  Win^cmtnd  soon  appiai-nl  in  ' 

the  pres'ntM'of  llie  boinid  and  naked  white  )nan.     lb;  wasasked  by  Vrawfunl  if 
lit!  knew  him,  who  said,  he  bidieved  he  did,  ami  asked,  "Are  yon  not  Ciiliincl 
Crawford .'"     "J  am,"  replied  tin;  colonel.     TJie  chief  discovereil  niiicli  ii"i.  ' 
tation  and    embarrassment,  and   ejaculated — ".So! — Yes! — Indeed!"     "[)o  I 
yon  not  recollect  the  friendship  that  always  existed  between  us,  and  lluit  un  ' 
were  always  f,dad  to  seceaeh  other?"  said  Craufnrd.  "  ^'es,"  said  the  chiii'  "I  i 
remember  all  this,  and  that  \vv  have  ollen  drank  to<,'etlier,  and  that  voii  Iuim. 
been  kind  tome."     "Tin  n  I  hope,"  added  CV«(/ybr(/, '•  the  same  liiciid-iiiij 
still  eonthuns."    "It  would  of  course,"  .said  //'ih^tuk?!*/,  "  were  you  wlicrc  \,.'\{ 
o\i<i\a  to  be, and  Mot  here."    "And  why  not  herer"  said  lli<!  colonel;  '•]  lilm,; 
you  would  not  tlesert  v  friend  in  time  of  need.     Now   is  the  time  lur  \(m  lo 
exert  yom'self  in  my  l)eiialf,  as  1  should  do  lor  you,  were  you  in  niy  jil;.;  i .'' 
"Colonel  CmHyor</,"  replied  Hi iii^rnnnd,  ''•yoyi  have  ])laced  yours  li' in  n  .j;. 
nation  which  puts  it  out  of  my  jxtwcr  and  that  of  others  of  your  liieiids  lo 
do  any  thinjf  lor  you."     "How  ,so,  (^aptain    Ifliiircnund.'"  ntnA  tiie  rdliiin  I. 
lie  added,  "  IJy  joiiiin.'<  yours.'lf  to  that  execrable  man,  H'illiains>iii  an  I  lis 
jtarty.     'I'lie  man  who  but  the  other  day  murdered  such  a  nniuh,  r  df  i!  i; 
Moravian  Indians,  knowing:;  th(;m  to  be  friends;  knowin;,'  that  he  ran  iki  r,  Ic 
ill  miirderinir  a  people  who  would  not  lijiht,  and  whos,'  oidy  husiin  ^>  v,:-) 
))rayiiii!'."  ■'  Jhit  1  assure  you,  /rnii<-('/nni</,"  sai(l  Craufuril,  "that  had  1  li  en  uiiii 
iiim  at  the  time,  this  would  not  havi!  happened.     Noi  1  alone,  Inn  id!  \iMir 
ii'iends  and  all  ji'ood  men,  win  res  or  they  are,  r^'prcduit.'  acts  of  iliis  kihi!.' 
"That  may  he,"  .-aid  Kina^cnuiid,  "yet  these  friends,  these  jrood  men  did  i;iiti 
prevent  him  from  jioinji'  out  a>jain,  to  kill  the  remainder  of  those  iiiollin-ivc, 
yet  liiolish  iMoruxian  Indians!     I  s:i\  foolish,  becansi;  they  b(die\ed  il.c  whittj 
ill  preti'rence  to  us.     We  had  often  ti)ld  them  that  they  would  li'  one  (l;i\  .-o 
treated  by  those  |no|)I(!  who  called  iliems:'lvcs  their  liiends!     W'e  told  !i;.'iii ' 
that  there  was  ikj  liiith  to  be  placed  in  what  the  white  men  said;  that  timrl 
iair  promises  were  only  iiitciKh'd  to  alhu'e  us,  that  they  mi,t;lit  the  mure  oily 
kill  us,  as  they  hav(!  done  m;my  Indians  helbn?  they  kilhuj  these  .'\|i)iavi„ii>,"' 
"1  am  sorry  lo  hear  you  s|).  ak  thus,"  said  Crawford:  "as  to  h'illiiiinnoii'Kii'nu'A 
out  a;.'ain,  wlien  ii  was  known  that  Im;  was  (leli;ruuned  on  it,  I  \^ellt  em  wiili] 
liim,  to  pi'eMMit  him  from  coiiimiltih^'  fresh  murders."     "Tjiis,"saiJ  Hiiv^i 
niiiid,  "  llie  Indians  would  not  hdieve,  were  e\ en  I  lo  tell  them  so."    f'r;»7j(Jj 
then  asked,  "And  why  wou'd  tlujy  not  belii  ve  it.^     "  IJecaiise,'' repliul  ll'in- 
genund,  "it  would  have  Ihm'u  out  of  your  power  lo  prevent  his  doiiiir  whatj 
lit!  jdeased."     "Out  (d"  my  power  P"  e\elaimcd  the  colonel,  and  aslscd,  ■•Ila\i) 
»iiy  .Moravi  in  Indians  heeii  killed  or  hurt  since  we  caim-  oiitr"     'N.ni','' 
uiiswer.  d  the  eiiief;  "I  ui  you  went  iiist  to  their  town,  and  fiidiiifi  it  ('ni|iiyj 
aud  dofccrietl,  you  luriiod  oii  the  palii  towards  us.     11"  you  had  bjeji  iii  seuicli  j 


ofwarriors  only,  yon  , 

(ios'ly.    'I'hey  saw  \o 

!  ol'tlic  Oliio.     'I'hey  "sa 

sliiiiilit — they  .saw  yon 

tiry  knew  you  were  ;;•( 

',  and  you   were   sii 

iilicrc  you  \\('Vi'  attack 

f'w/c/wv/,  doll ht less, ' 

iitli  liiiiit  eiiioiiun,  "  \\ 

;,iiklyre|)lied, '.  I  tr||  \ 

.'■<t.  laii  (dfiii  the  nil;'/ 

;:i:!tiio\vlie  had  iioM,,,- 

>iirli  lie  (lid  not  wish  t( 

li.vc  taken  yon,  tliev  w 

•ijKPSsihiliiy  ,,(•  j))-,".\,.n 

:i,j.Tniie  oti?     Von  sh 

.riliii  sa\iiiii  my  lili'." 

.liick  "I  anil  .-ioni,.  friei 

;wia|is,  havesncciH-ded 

i"iilil  d.ire  to  interlere 

yriiinero  this  spot,  will 

r-:    Tiie  blood  of  tin. 

[iidiiiiidivii,  crnellvand 
Msnfllie  slain,  who  ur 
jitidii  to  which  they  bi'li 

'(liililri'ii,  have  aske'<i    |oi 

liliiii' nations  connected 
i»',iiiii  you  went  to  dcsti 
|:.,r»l!riice  is  become  n;iii 
•)ly  (iil(!  thiMi  is  lixed,' 
Lutrl  death  in  its  Wim-i: 
.v'rrytiir  it,  hut  cannot  do 
W"i|ile,  that  as  .rood  aiJ 

I- I;ii;iii  ought  not  to  >-•( 

i''l' situation.'   Yon  .see,'^ 
.'"".  "Iiat  a  l);id  man  he 
li'mliitejiko  a  bravt!  m 
f«ill  Mire  to  a  solitary 
A.rordiiiirly  a  host  of 
*i  'ly  their  erne!  hard,. 
I'lfZ-^lied  ti'ars  at  partii 
"■"islMiii-e  was  inentioiK 
l'<'l'"H'l  Crawford's  ,s(, 
|l*r,  and  sulUVcd  the  t 
'I'lit'  expedition  of  C, 
iMiyothers,  inns  tliras 
i|">ljiiifrMin,  wheiv  man,/. 
I'M  Indians,  which  thev  j 
"J'li'ir  hlo.,,1,  as  tho.se  a 
•IIIKATO.W.MO.     In 
'i      -''Ohio  Hiver,  killi 
I-''-'';  vastaiiMiinit  .)f  pn)| 
[lUi'kiilonimo  was  one 

•«iiiity,\ir.i,na,  and. sever 

T'l  tills  inll/rmalion— a  Ik 

^''  ill  ils  kiud.§     As 

'/''''*;''''''''''''-"-^'l'''linii:Vnli,, 

•   '"r  «l".'lu(ni,„rily  lur  Ur.,, 

'I'Tn.'d  Ui,  ^ 

('""■  iiiilli.ir  appears  lo  |ia\ 
**omaicriul|y,i,.  Ins  acco 


>fi 


DiAP.  IV.] 


COL.  CRAWFORD  BURNT  AT  THE  STAKE. 


G9 


of"' 


arriorn  only,  yon  wonlil  not  liavc  jroiio  tliitlicr.     Onr  spies  \viit<'lir(l  yoi 


ClOi 
itl'llH 


:1V. 


'iicv  saw  \(iii  while  \tiii  were  criihuih  inir  vninsehesiiM  'Jiecitliersid) 


;.l  111; 


lie  Oliio.     'I'iiey  saw  yoii  cross  that  river — tliey  saw  wiiere  yon  encanined 
[lit — lliev  saw  von  tnrn  oil'  Troin  llie  natli  to  liie  deserted  iMoravian  town — 


f\  knew  yon  were  jroiniront  ol'yonr  way — yoin* steps  were  constantly  watcli- 
i.'iiinl  yon   wcn^  snH('r<'<l  iinielly  to  proceed  nniil  \o\\  reached  the  spot 


ivlicrc 


von  were  attacked.' 


(V(/(('/o'v/,  donlitiess,  \\  ith  this  sentence,  ended  liis  last  i'ayso('h()|)e.  He  asked, 


iiit  emotion,  '■  \\  hat  do  lliey  intend  lo  do  wi;li  nie 
■iiikly  rejilied,  '•  [  tell  yon  willi  f:riel'.   As  H  illiiinison,  will 


when  ff  ln<r( niind 


St,  nni  o 


H'in  the  ni^^lit  iit  the  whisllinu'  ot'onr 


h 


IS  whole  cowirdiv 


11: 


Warners  halls,  h'ln' 


itislied 


,;ilii(i\vhe  had  no  iMoravians  tod 'a!  with,  lint  men  who  could  li^ht,  and  with 
lie  did  not  wish  to  have  any  thiii!.'  to  do — I  say,  as  he  e^<•aped,  iind  they 


•lii'ii 


tiikcn  von,  tliev  will  take  reveni;-e  on  von  in  his  stead."     "And  is  iIkmu 


Ki.-sihiliiy  of  preventing-  thi 


d  ( 


rnir 


I'onl- 


•Cai 


I    vol     ( 


levif 


I'  no  w 


'y 


•m  L't' 


tine  otr?     ^'oii  shall,  my  liii'iid,  Ite  well  rewarded  il'yon  are  instrnmen- 

iaviiiii  my  lilt'."     "Had  li'iHinnmni  hecn  taken  with  yon,"  answered  the 

Idiici',  "I  and  some  li-ieiids,  hy  inakin<?  nse  of  wh.at  yon  have  tidd  me,  ini;!;ht, 

|)<,  liav('snccee<Ied  in  saving' yon,  lint  as  the  inalter  now  stands,  ;io  man 

he  kin^f  ol"  I'-iifiland  himselli  wei-(' ho 


]imi;i 
Willi: 


I  dare  to  interll-re  in  voiir  lieli.ill". 


j)((iiii(' to  this  spot,  with  .all  his  wealth  and  treasiin.',  coidd  not  ( tH'ct  this  pnr- 
vis'.    The  hlood  ofthe  innocent  ,Moravi;nis,  more  than  hall'ofthem  women 


ildreii,  crnelK  and  wantonlv  innrdered,  calls  ;doiid  for  nvvnm:  'I'lii-rela- 


unli'li 

|j,('S(irtlie  slain,  who  are  ainonjr  ns,  cry  ont  and  stand  ready  liir  r(V(ns;c.  Tho 
Btiiiii  to  whii'li  they  helonj;ed  will  ha\e  ntT^ifp.  'J'he  Shawanese, onr  jjrand- 
;liililii'ii,  have  jisked  for  yonr  CIlow  prisoner;  on  him  they  will  take  rcnnire. 
A'illlii' nations  (onnected  with  ns  cry  ont,  irvoiixc ■'  rci'enirc !     TIk;   IMoraxiaiis 

ivillllll    VI 

U'dl 


III  went  to  destroy,  li.avin;.'  tied,  instead  of  iiven,i;in!j  their  brethren, 

tlliici!  is  heconie  national,  .and  the  natimi  ilsidl'is  honiid  to  take  rrvnifj^c!" 

'My  liito  then   is  lixed,"  .said  thu  wretched   man,  "and  I  mnst    piepan;  to 


JlfC 

^1rrv 


t  death  in  its  wiM-t  lorn 


)lonel ' 


.1    tl 


in    chiet : 


I   am 


for  it,  hnt  caimot  do  any  ihinif  Ibr  yon.     Had  yon  attendinl  to  the  Indian 
|priiMi|ile,  that  as  <rood  and  e\il  cannot  dwell  to;:ether  in  X\\o  same  heart,  so  a 
|i'i«iil  iiKUi  oiii^ht  not  to  <ro  into  evil  company,  yon  wonid  not  he  in  this  lament- 
situation.    Yon  see,  now,  when  it  is  too  late, aihu*  Jt'illiamsoti  has  deserted 
,\vliat  a  bad  man  he  irmst  be!  iN'othinir  now  remains  for  yon  but  to  meet 
limir liite  like  a  bravtMnan.     I''an;well,  Colonel   Cmuford!  they  are  eoming. 
iwill  retire  to  a  solitary  spot." 

An(»i(lin<;ly  a  host  of  exei:ntionors  wore  imincidiately  npon  liim,  and  Iio 

ii'  1  liy  llieir  cruel  hards,  as  we  have  already  written.     It  is  said  that  It'inge- 

:iri//sli('d  tears  at  parliii;f  with  his  friend,  and  that  ever  after,  when  the  cir- 

|tuiiisl;iiM'(;  was  menlioniul,  he  seemed  very  sensibly  idfected.* 

Colonel  CniirfimCs  son  was  compelled  to  witness  this  Cfiiel  death  of  his 

ItlJ!  ■  -■         ■      •  


iiT,  aiK 


1  snif  red  the  same  fiite  immediately  after.f 


Tiic  expedition  of  t'ohtnel  Crawford  was  not  so  laudably  nndertakon  as 


I  miiv  I 


illiers,  in. as  liu'  as  it  was  directed  airainst  the  Moravian  towns  npon  tl 


10 


)lii>kiiif.Mnn,  where  tnatti/,  who  composi'd  it,  were  determined  that  the  Chris- 

ISiii  liiiiiaiis,  which  they  there  expected  to  (ind,  slioidd  ^Int  their  vi'ii^ioance 

klliiir  hlddd,  as  those  ;it  (inadenhnetten  had  done  lint  a  short  time  biibre.j: 


nilKATO.M.MO.     hi  I7!HI,  this  chief 


•iicceec 


led 


III  captnrinji'  man} 


boats 


ij  l.e  Ohio  Hiver,  killinj;'  many  of  those  in  ihem,  and  takin<j'  and  dislroy- 
^'.';i  vast  ainoniit  v»f  pro|ierty.  Amoiifi  tin;  boats  wliieli  fill  into  the  hands 
i  Vh'knloiiimo  was  one  in  which  was  a  Mr.  Clidrlcs  Julinsloii  of  IJotetonrt 
"Niity,  A'ireinia,  and  seviM'al  otla  rs,  and  from  whose  narrative  we  derive  mncii 
"1  lliis  iiiliirni.ation — a  book  reph'te  willi  instrnction,  and  on(>  of  the  most 
'aliiiilile  ill  iis  kind.^     As  this  company  weie  deseeiMling  thci  Ohio,  in  an  nn- 


'  ll-ckiivi-lilrr'.i  liMliaii  Niilioiis,  'JSl  lo  2!)l-.  f  Coliimliinn  Muxa:!'"'  for  nf)7.  p.  !>13. 

:  Our  cliii'l'uiuliorily  lor  iIr'sc  cvciils  is  llio  viiliuiMu  CliKoNii.  l.jis  by  Mr.  ^\'itlu■•■s,  Lmlore 
;tf'fri.'il  lo. 

t  rill'  iiullior  iippeiirs  Ui  li;i\(!  been  prniiii)le<I  lo  its  |)ii!ilirali(in  hy  llic  niisiiilf^rprclation 
tiliisdriil  Cdiiiiiiiiiiicalioiis  by  liic  />«/,.•  ilr  Liniiriiiiii  ,  wliniii,  by  iht;  way,  we  do  not  lliid  io 
tfiTso  mutiiriaily,  iii  Ills  utcouiii,  Iroiii  iliu  author  as  oac  iniijiil  aiiiirciiciul  froni  his  stalc- 


■-  ■' 


T  ■:'-'''< 


i:4#*i""^":-' 


):•   .  ^ 


'A 

i  :--.,„■■■  -i^ 

■  *  ■            ''<idJ^«i 

-   1.'  Cii:'il^R 

V 

iS^ 

::i\] 


70  ("IIIIv.VTOMMO.— NARIIAII VL  OF  CIIAIILK.S  JOHNSTON. 


[H 


vvicldv  flat-lxiMoiiKMl  lioiit,  in  wliic'i  wi  ni  ri  iiiiiiihcr  of  I 


ul 


lorscs  aiiil 


<J  innclia 


afri'ctiiia-  lii-ciit  diftn 


lulisf,  two  Willie  iiicii  :i|i!ic;ii;(l  upon  the  ^ill()^(',  and  calli  d  n,  || 


md  licjrjicd  to  he  t.ikcn  on  iKiard.     Jict'orc  d 


01)  K  V- 


"■"insiilci-ji. 


n'ln, 


wliiti's  sliowcd  tlicniscdvt'H,  however,  a  smoke  was  seen  «l)ove  die  t 


ibr 


r^onie  time  lield  tlicm  in  donht  on  wineli  side;  ol"  tlie  river  it 


wislied  to  ascerlain  tliis  iiirt,  as  tlierel)y  tiiey  miifiit  kc-ep  el 
0]t|iosii(;  siiore,  and  so  eseajte   niisehiel'  in  tli(!  event  of  an  ai 


was 


'I" 


ose  III 


l|l(Ml    III,. 
"l>Usl,|,|i  lil  „i- 


Indians.     They  wen;  tliiis  wary,  as  tiio  Indians  wen;  eoii.-tantlv  d 
chiel'ii|)(>ii  the  rivcis,  and  iiad  liiil  a  siiort  time,  belbre  de.-5trovod  a  scitj'^ 
ut  a  place  called  Jveniiedy'.s  JJottom,  in  Keiitncky. 

It  was  helJire  sunrise!  on  the  20  3Iarcli,  that  tiie  two  wliite  men  hefor 
tioiied  hailed  the  boat,  wliiidi  was  sali-ly  (Jiit  oftlui  niacli  oi'  lirc-arins 
»li.scov<'r'.'d  th"  smoko  to  he  upon  the  N.  W.  shore,  and  thercliirc  tl 
iil)on  the  S.  W.     'I'hese  wliite  men,  the  more  ellijctnallv  to 


"H';:  mis 


lev 


".\    tile  l)(|;,| 


crew,  .said  they  had  lieen  takcui  prisoners  hy  the  Indians  at  Keiiiiedv's  ji 
toni,  and  had  Just  escaped  Irom  them,  and  unless  they  would  take  tl 
board  they  must  pi'iish  from    hiinf,'er  and  cold.     The  truth  was,  one  . 
of  tin  III  were  ahaiidoned  wretches,  who  had  leairiuul  widi  a  hand  of  d 
tors  under  Cliikaloinmo,  and  thus  wore  the  means  of  destroyii 
cent  lives  in  the  most  iilrocious  manner,     ^\'hell  hailed  hy  tliei 
just  .said,  some  in  the  hoat  wen;  for  listeninii'  to  them,  and  soi 


If;  iiiaiiv  iiiiii 


Int 


he  mean  time,  the  hoat  lloaled  iiist  down  the  current,  and  li'ft  i] 


I,  U«  We  liMvo 

III'  nj.'!.iiist  it. 


ins 


shore    considerahly    in  the  roar,  althouirh   they  «!\i  rted  thenisehcs  tn  |, 
ahrea.sf  oftlii!  hoat.     Those  who  were  airainst  taking' them  on  huanl  hail 
ohjections  well  firounded ;  for  when  these  men  wi'iv  asked  tl 


im 

111  ir 


the  smoke  iijioii  their  side  of  the  river,  they  deiiit;d  that  there  hail  I 


le  oci'iiMoii  ,,f 


or  said  tliev  know  of  no  such  tliiiit 


aiK 


I  th 


IS  was  iirired  as  a  si 


lili 


"'"■ll   Jlliv, 


Cll'llt  ic 


1-1  il 

liil.il 

IM   il' 

le  liir  i!|) 

ll'iin;;il 


why  they  should  reject  the  other  part  of  their  story,  rftill,  as  tiie  hoat  _ 
doNfn,  those  on  hoard  dehuted  tin;  suhjt  ct,  and  at  lenf,rtli  coiicliKkd,  ij 
there  were  Indians  where  they  first  saw  the  men,  they  must  then  I 
the  river,  as  it  was  thoii^dit  impossihio  that  they  could  have  ;;()t  tl 
tlie  woods  .-o  last  as  they  had  floated  down;  and  one  ot"  the  C()iii|iain,  ;i  ,\i 
Flinn,  whose  kindness  of  heart  hroiijiht  upon  them  this  calamity,  piuiK;..,'! 
hazardiiiij  his  own  person  on  shore,  without  in  the  least  eiidaiiiiiiin^  i 
rest.  His  plan  was  as  liillows:  that  whereas  they  must  he  now  out  oI'iIh 
reuoli  of  tli(>  Indians,  they  should  haul  in,  and  hardy  touch  iipoii  the  sin, iv 
and  he  would  Jum|)  out,  and  the  hoat  should  at  tiie  sain:' time  haul  (ill:  » 
that  if  Indians  should  be  oomiiifx,  the  boa>  would  have  lime  to  uct  oll.s;!;. 
and  us  to  liims.  If,  he  could  well  outrun  them,  and   would    nt  on  In 


boat 


i^raiii  at  a  certain  point  bt;low 


And  tiiiis  uas  the  liui 


naiie  plan  lai 


mm  lilt' 


Il  III 


relieving  supposed  distress,  the  sad  re('onij)eiise  ol" which  we  now  proi.ii'( 


relate. 


One  circiimstaiico  lind  not  been  taken  into  account  bv  this  di'votul 


mil 


pany.     The  current  being  rapid,  it  took  the 

ai'*ici|)ateil  to  gain  the  sliori; ;  and  this  gavi-  sonu;  of  the  iin.st  swilt-Hxitcd  ol' 


eh    lonirer  than  tlicv  liml 
fth 


Clii/ialomiiKi's  party  time  to  arrive  at  the  point  at  the  sanitj  time  \vitli  tlun,. 
lla\iiig  arrived  close;  to  the  slior;',  I\lr.  Flinn  had  but  barely  clearMi  liimsilf 
from  the  boat,  when  a  large  number  of  Indians,  painted  in  tlie  iinist  I'liyliiiiil 


manner,  came   r 


«1MIS 


a  IK 


rusliii 


I  det( 


ig  ii|ion  them 
d  to  re.-i-^t,  y\\ 


vime   ol"  the   boat's  crew 
I 


si'i/i  i[  tlii'ir 


erimned  to   re.-i-^t,  >nImIo   »Im,'  otiiers   iistd   every  means  to  t'lt 


tl 


leir  hoat  (rom  the  short 


but 


ever 


V  thin 


.soeiiKul  to  col is| lire  aga 


iiist  tliciii. 
IC  wliole 


Tlieir  lM»at  became  entangled  in  the  branches  of  a  large  tree,  and  tl 
body  of  Indians,  havinir  arrived,  being  .'il   in  iinmber,  gave;  a  horrilil.'  yi 
and  poured  in  their  whole  iiin;  upon  the  boat.     I'rom  the  |iroie(  lion  aliimlnl  i 
!»y  the  sid' ol  the  boat,  one  only   was  killed,  DuUj/  /''/(//iZ/ig,  and  Mr.  Sbiks  \ 


woiindr 


All 


r<;.'istance  was  \aiii,  and  the  others  lay  down  iipnii  liie  licit 


tom  of  tilt!  boat,  to  prevent  being  imnwdiatoly  killed,     '['he  Indians  ki|it  up 
tlieir  fin;  until  all  the  horses  were  shot  down,   which  added  iniicli  tothe 


inciil.  Tlic  ciiicrd'-Mijroi'iiKMit  apncars  in  such  minor  |)()iiils  as  llic  s|ii'lliiti(  ul'  ii:iiiir>i:  ibis, 
in  iianiiiiir  ilie  p' r  iiiri  i  ;i|)iivai(.'>l,  for  .Skylcs  lie  writes  i^kii'jl ;  lor  Dolly  rifiirii;;',  i'l'.'j 
Flatniiiiii^ ;  for  riinii,  I'Idiju,  &.c. 


CuiP.  IV.] 


CIIll 


les,.   two 
i'<«-'s,  ami 


IrV 


iiiuiit 


e  liicii- 
lia\iiig 

I't 


1<  III    01) 

iis,_oiie  (,!•  jioil, 

i-nia- 


liorror  of  the  sitnatio 
iiijifcat  danger  of  he 
iliii-wards  from  their 
Jill!  Mr.  Mill/  stood  lip, 
!,i'|III  in  a  moment  al 
hliiiiis  now  swam  if 
living  now  got  posse: 
;;:;ili(  T  violence.     .\||  I 
tiiiiilcd;  the  dead  wen 
Llivi'sii'il  of  most  of  tin 
%J()hn!ilon  when   he 
Jiifrcd  vest,  ajiproachoc 
He  said,  ".Vb."     Thou 
\iiivjmlin — all  dcse  mij  ; 
I  Tmn  f^civis,  (liscov.-rl'd 
iiiii  with  his  own  blank 
I!  iiig  all  stationed  a 
|:;iiL'iilioiit  ,")()  f(.<.t   jj,   I 
;ili'.    An  old   f^hawaiM 
MS|)cecli,  at  the  end  , 
I'imv.iiieo   chief;   whose 
."ii'iM'd,  and  iiilijriii d  t 
■I'M'li, aiiotlier  prisoner 
::!i  ilie  tliird  and  last. 
j i-il  ftg-?/  Flrnitna- Ul  th 
■i I'll  made  up  of"  adventi 
:  iioi'alinv  Delawaros. 
:twisli  to  ho  known  in 
-■ivar  with  the  I'nited 
'J'lii'  tun  white   men  w 
Iwrrsiill  with  thorn,  ;,nd 
;;i">i:i(iii  upon  tli(>  edge  ( 
'''"lit  ^ooii  ap|)oarerl^  jii 
::■:-'  of  these  captives, 
ii;'.it!i.    Dinnc  and    7 
ii:'ioiied:   tlu;    fbrnior 
il'i'-scs  it,  the  one  who 
-Mi:rli()ii;"  ;nid,  «  i,,nr,., 
■  iii  il  to  aid  the  siva"- 
-  iii'''>ii-<  li'i-  thoir  aivo 
■■ii.'grrs  down  the  Ohje 
'■•'■re  i!iia!)le  to  proce 
•.  il  was  iin|)ossi!)|i«  (or  i 
-iii'-iiieii  tiinied  towards 
J:-.ast()  pn-chi  |e  u\l  ,.\,in\ 
J'l  liaviag  int.nded  by   ^ 
p.itnl  tlieni.]     The  liidi; 
|."('r  iit  such  a   distance 
r-T  not  di.senvc-ed  iiii;i| 
■-"il.  and  shot  every  one 
liark  Was  overs  t.     T 
I'"'  "■■'■'•  ^»  severely  woiii 
I^Fil  into  the  river,  and  a 
|>ilU.'ie  tniiialiawk.    'I'lie  b 
''■  "I-  "ii'l  the  whole  six 
r.    .\otliii,M-I  could  the 
■J-Micseiiaiilrd  me  to  m 
Iter  various  siiooosses  a 
iMiii-'faiiinnberof  hiscr 
"'  "i;i'i'  he  left  the  rosi,  t,-, 
"lo.ees,    uith   jMiss   Flc 
[■'■■'mod  did  not  join  J,in 


III 


CHiP-  1V-] 


CIIIKATOMMO.— JOHNSTON'S  CAPTIVITY. 


71 


liorror  of  tlio  sitnatinn  of  tlioso  upon  the  hottoin  of  tlio  bont,  ns  tlioy  wore 
l]ii;n'iU  (liiii!r«r  ot"  hciii;::  ti-aiiipli'il  to  dc.-itli  l»y  tlicm  hctorc  they  (rll,  niul 
j]\i.r\v;ir(!s  troin  tlicir  !^tri\'mi.rs.  W'licii  tliis  w.is  liiiislnMl,  the  lii-'niy;  cciisi'd, 
yiil  Mr. .'/".'/ '''•""I  i'I>)  t"i<'  licltl  lip  ;i  wliiii"  c-ip  in  toki-ii  of  siirrciidcr;  hut 
J,,, till  ill  a  iiioiiu'iit  alter,  '.villi  a  h-ill  >'li<>t  tliroiiuh  his  iicail.     Several  ol'  the 

iliiiii^  now  swam  to  the  hoat,  and  were  helped  into  it  hy  those  within. 
ll-viiiir  ii"\\  ^'ot  possession  o|'  it,  lliey  seemed  well  pleas  d,  and  ollered  no 
liii'ilifi' vioh'iiee.  All  thini's  were  now  t;;l<en  on  shore,  and  an  immense  tirci 
hliidli'il ;  tiie  dead  were  se;tlp"d,  and  thrown  into  the  river,  and  the  captives 
jivi'Sti'il  of  most  ol"  their  elntli'  s.  As  sevi'i'al  Indians  were  ^'alhered  around 
'^r.Jnhiiston  \v\\vn  h«!  was  stiip|)<'il,  one,  ohs;'r\iniLr  that  lii^  iiad  on  a  kind 
,,j' red  vest,  aiipronehivl  and  siid  to  him  in  I'milish,  "  O/; .'  _)/o»  m/>/>/(//)t  .'" 
Ili'snid,  "A'o."  Then  the  hidian  pointed  to  liis  own  Itreasi,  .-.iid  said, '•.)/<; 
\t,y.:jHilin — (ill  (Irse  inij  son-r/x"  'This  was  Chirkdiommo.  An  Indian,  named 
Pmi  Idiris,  discov.-red  iiineh  humanity  t(.  .Mr.  Johnsltni,  in  that  la;  covered 
ijiiwitii  his  own  hianket  alter  he  had  lost  hi:i  "lothes. 

ji,  iii^'  all  stationed  ahoiit  the  fire,  Cliirktilommo  was  at  one;  end   of  it,  (it 

I  villi;  iihout  .")()  feet   in  lenjitii,)  who,  risimr  up,  made  a  speech  to   the  mnlti- 

hiiiic.    All  old   Shawanee   cliiel",  wiiose   iiaint'   is  not  menlioned,   made   the 

f.r>t  si)t'ech,  at  the  e'ul  of  wliieii  Chlrhatommo  conducted  Jolinslon  to  anotlier 

h|i;i\v:iii('C  chietj  wliose   name  \\as  Mca-slirtic-n,  to  whom  he  was  ^iven  or 

s-sii-'Mi'd,  and  iiirormd  that  li  •  was  his  ii-iend.     At  the  end  of  Cliirlciil()mmn\^ 

.wMcli,  another  j>risoner  \vas  disposed  of.  'riio  sa  '.e  ceremony  was  repeated 
Litli  the  tliird  and  last.     Joli naton,  Sl{i/lr.<},  nnd  /•Vm/i  went  to  the  Shawanesc, 

d  i\2"-'',y  rirmijifi'  to  tlie  Cheiokees.  This  hand  ol*rol)h{>rs  appears  to  have 
hni  made  up  of  athcnturers  from  the  trihesjnst  mentioned,  with  the  aildi- 
hmi  ot' a  few  Delawares.  The  latter  had  iioiii!  of  the  prisoners,  as  tiiey  did 
I  flit  wish  to  he  known  in  the  hnsiiiess,  thinkiiii,'  it  might  involve  their  nation 

hawia'wilh  llie  rnited  Stat.s. 

Til.'  two  white  men  who  had  decoyed  the  hoat  into  the  Indians'  liandK 
|ji!vsii|l  with  thi'm,  ami  iIk^  next  d  ly  all  tiie  captives  w^re  ordered  to  take 
h;iiKi;ieii  upon  the  edge  o/tle"  river,  to  decoy  the  first  that  should  he  passing. 

Aloiit  i^noii  appeared,  and,  repugnant  as  such  an  employment  was  to  the 
I;  ,i:iLS  of  these  cajitives,  yet  the\   ivere  ohiiged  thus  to  do,  or  siilfer  a  horri- 

:1  iji'iith.     Dh'inc  and    Thnnuts  were  the   names  of  the  two  whites  so  often 

OTtioiied :   the    former    was    the    voluntary   agent,    and,    as    JMr.  Joluisloii 

f\|rr  «s('s  it,  the  one  who  "alone  had  d  vised    and   carried   into  <  ff  ct   llieir 

:<!iiiclioii ;"  .■ind,  "  ing  •nious  in  wicked  stratagems,  seined  to  he  perfectly 
|ri;ili  (1  to  aid  the  s.ivag  s  in  llii-ir  views,  and  to  feel  no  scrnitles  in  snggesl- 

X  iii.'iuis  ior  tlieir  accom|»lishinent.     II'  l!il»rioated  a  tale,  that  we  wen; 

;:,>-ii:g('rs  down  the  Ohio,  whose  hoat  had  snlli'H'd  so  gnat  an   injury  that 

Tuvrc  i!iia!>le  to  |)roce:  (I  ini!il  it  was  repaired;  hnt  that  for  want  of  an 
|i\',  it  was  iiiij)ossi!ili'  l()r  ns  to  do  tin'  nee  s<ary  work.     These  nnsusp  cting 

;i.ii-iacii  iiinied  towards  ns  ;  hnt  the  ciirrent  hore  them  down  so  tiir  he  ow 

MIS  to  preclii  le  aP  chance  of  my  putting  them  on  th'ir  guard.  [Mr.  Jolins- 
lli  li.iviag  int 'iidi'd  hy  soni"  sign  to  have  given  them  warning  of  w  hat 
1;.' iti'il  tiieni.]     The  Indians,  as  they  had   acted    in   our  cas  •,  ran  d')wn  the 

:;ir  at  such  a  distance  from  it,  and  under  covrr  of  the  woods,  that  tiiey 
hr  not  discovered  until  tlii,'  canoe  was  c'osi;  to  the  shore,  when  lliey  tired 

:.M  it,  and  shot  every  one  on  hoard.  As  lliey  tmnhled  into  the  water,  their 
iHiliark  was  overs  t.  Two,  who  were  not  yet  dead,  kejit  themselves  alloat, 
I'll  W'l'c  so  severely  woiiniled  that  they  could   not  swim    otf.     Thi;   Indians 

-|ii'i!  into  t!ie  river,  and  after  dragging  them  to  the  slinre.  d  spatclied  them 
I'lllitiii'  liiniahawk.  The  hodiesofthe  (inir  who  were  killed  were  also  lironuht 
.id,  and  the  wlio!(>  six  were  scalped.  All  were  then  thrown  into  iho 
h'^.  .N'otliini:  I  Cduld  then  learn,  or  which  has  since  I'ome  to  my  knowl- 
|(J.' ,  liiis  eiiiioli  (I  me  lo  understand  who  tie  se  nnforiimati' siitli-rers  w.  re." 
Aiti'i' variiiiis  succM'sses  and  (  ncDiniirrs  upon  the  river,  Vliiikalommo  leli  it, 
luiiliiii'l  :i  ninnher  of  his  company  tit  an  encampment  ahont  \\\v  miles  from 
jii-  Here  he  left  the  rest,  l.iking  with  him  a  seliu't  niiiiiher  and  sonn'  of  the 
llliirn';i'es,  with  iMiss  Fkminii ;  and  the  coin|)aiiy  with  whom  Jolinslon 
iMiiaiiieJ  did  not  join  liiin  again  for  many  days.     Atle-  much  delay  unci 


'  .i.'.'f 


t'  ', 


I.  .a 


/2 


KINO-CIlANi:.— RKSrurS  A  CAPTIVC 


'>oi;  V. 


iiitorcsliii?  incident,    tlicy    rcaclictl  iIki    [ntli;m    town   of   rppcr    Smii' 
Ut'i'c  llii'y  s(|ii;in(liTci|  ill:  tlicir  ricli   liooty  I'lir  \\lii.>kc\,  mikI 


JM  (IrnnkcMni'.vs  )()r  scviral  t\n\^.     ('/tlrl/ilnininii  at  lliis  tin 
very  sa\a^<'  to  tlir-  prisoners,  anil  liad  lie  not  lieen  prevented  liy  i| 
and  i)ene\(drnt  .l/(.vv/ir/((v/,*  would  have  killed   some   of  tjiern. 
iiatc  S/t-i/lcs  had  some  tinit;  lii'liire  letl  tlieni,and  j(oni'  in  an  mil' 
with  his  ernel  master. 


'•"*  "■■^'lal,  rioted 


iov;e( 


'!' 


lllllIM 


Ifj 

''inii;iiie| 

"llfDItll. 


uiown  directji 


>U 


A  l''reneh   trader  at   Sandnsky,  a  Mr.   Dtuhinniuil,  had    nsed  end 


ransoi'   Jolinxlim  ;  lait   his  master  Tor   some  limt^    would  I 


H'ar  nothi 


'"ivdrs  to 


At  lenjith,  liaxinjr  dissipated  all  his  liooty,  and  ashamed  torelnrn  I 
a  state,  he  eonehided  to  sell  Juhnslmt  for  the  most   he  eonid  yet; 


":-'  111  it.! 


,    aid  . 
in;:ly  (iOO  silver  hroaelies  were   paid  him,  eipad    in  value   to    |(i()  ,|,,||, 


I'lini'  ni>ii,.l, 


(1- 


nmouiit  agreed  np(ni.     Vli'ukdto 


ind  li 


a>,  I  111 


KKiiioinmo  anu  ms  parry  men  looK  up  their  ariri'l  ^ 
li»r  Detroit.  iN'ot  lonir  al'ter  this,  Mr.  Jiilmslnii  retin'ned  home  li\'  \\ji\  of  u  ., 
jtlaee.  Hefore  he  left  Sandusky,  he  was  inl'ormed  of  the  lMn-iVui;r  ol'iji,.  jij 
i'n\v{\  Flinn  :  he  sutli'reii  at  the  stakt;  at  the  .Miami  \illai;e,  juid  was 
his  tortiu'ers.     'I'lie  Indian  who  hroiifilit  the  news  to  Sandiiskv 


himselt'  had  ti>asted  upon  him. 


eali'ii  i,y| 
'■aid  tliat  I 


hlui(-fniiir,  a  W'yandit  ehief,  appears  eons|)i(Mions    in  this  narr 


It  I VI 


illustrates  a  \alualile   ti'ait  of  eharaeler  in    Indian   life.      When   .Mi-.  /;„ 
(j)i(l  and  Johnalon   had  arrived  at    Lower  Sandusky,  in  their  wav  lo  Dc 


nrcasiou  in 


the  town  was  tilled   with  tdarni,  ami  they  smm  learned  th(! 
from  the  arrival  of  some  Cherokees  in  the  neiiihliorhood,  with  a  fein;i| 
live.     The  traders  in  the  place  inuuedialely  went  to  their  camp,  whei 
found  /Vxivr,'/  nvmiui!,  who  some  time  heliire  had  liren  scjiarated  frcui  JdI, 
and  the   other   captives.     Amonjj;    thosi;    who   went  to   see   her. 


ul 


lloit, 


,13 


I'  r:ij). 

e  liny 

111 


in: 


a  uliito, 


i; 


Ills? 


n  hy  the  name  of  Ifltildka;  w  ho,  havinir  heen  carried  into  captlv',i\ 
youth,  had  f.'ro\vn  np  in  all  tlu^  Indiiui  haliits,  and  heinj;  a  man  of  ciii.iili.r. 
able  physical  powers  and  eiiteriirise,  had  hecome  a  chiel'amon!:ilie  \V\aii,'i  \sAi 
lie  hail  heen  upon  the  frontiers  with  (he  Indians  upon  tradinii  exncdi;;:  n^  | 
and  hail  lod'fcd  at  limes  in  J'illslmrt,'  in  the  lave  rn  oi"  -Miss  Flii 


She  immediately  knew  him,  and  hesoui.dit  him,  in  the  most  atrectiiii.' 
to  diliver  her  from  honda;|e.     lie  went  immediati  Iv  lo  Kiii'^- 


i;i'r.- 


lii:;i  i 


rntnc,  tuu\  \  |i[ 


to 


Ilim  lliat  the  woman  with  the  ("herokecs  was  his  sister,  {  and  hi!;r,i:.'<l  I 
use  means  for  her  relief.  Klii!i;-rraiic  went  without  loss  of  time,  ami  i  •  ,(| 
th(!  ("hernkees  to  restore  her  to  her  hrolher.  They  were  eniai^ed  ;,;  i  k; 
reipii  St,  and  there  was  daiii;ir  ol"  tin  ir  murdering;  her  lest  she  i-iioii!.;  hy 
taken  from  them,  lie  next  tried  to  punhaseher;  hut  his  hene\ii!i  i,t  ■  li  D 
wei'e  iudijiiiantly  refused,  and  their  rai^e  was  still  increased.  l!eM,!\  '  [,) 
rescue  h(  r  out  of  their  hands,  Kiii<r-rniiic  repairid  to  ihi  ir  lainp  i;ir!  iio 
tie.xt-  ,nii  rniufr,  accompanied  with  i~i  or  10  vounjr  warriors.  Tliev  f  in 
Ch:  rnk 
^\ 


Meep,  hut  the  captive — il  is  shiickiii::  to  humanity  to  rehil  - 


;iio 


ithout  the    least   attire!  extended   and    lashed    lo    the   stake! — reailv 


iiiiUi-crdiw  si 


leiill 


V  I'l 


l)iiriied  ! — her  liody  |iainte<l  all  over  wilh  lilack 
thong's  with  which  she  was  hoinid,  then  awakened  the  nnudrrers,  ami  li.iw 
down  upon  the  ;;roinid  the  jirice  of  a  captive  in  silver  hmaclies,  (wii'li  .  to 
current  meney  amonji'  them,)  and  depiu'tcd.  She  was  soon  al'lrr  sent  li  r\';id 
for  her  home,  di<irui>ed  in  the  attire  of  a  sipiaw.  The  ( "lierokies  |.rn\, !  J 
about  seeking  vengeunce  iil)on  some   white  person  for  !i  li-w  (Ia3s,  a 


ml  I. 


Iisappi  iin  ( 


TIk^  reader  may  wish  to  know  what  hecanio  of  S/>)/Irfi : — lie  was  t;:ki  m  lo 
a  jilaee  upon  the  Miami  River,  where  he  was  dooncd  lo   he  hiirnt,  liiil  il  ije 


Jus  e; 


aiK-  the  III 


dit  pr 


(ivions  to  the  day  on    wiiicli    he   was 


to   I 


ia\(' 


■l 


ini; 


I  Die 


After  enduring  the  most  jiainf  il  filigues  and  hunger,  from  wMiider 

in  llie  wiideiiiess,  he  met  wilh  si/ino  trailers  who  conveu'd  him  to  ill 

and  from  thence  home  to  N'iiginia. 

The  Ke(iiicl  of  the  life  of  the  old  hnrd-hcaricd  Chickalommo  is  as  fuljowg ; 

*  Mr.  Jo/l;^|f^)M,  tliroiiijiinnt  liis  iiarrnlivp,  •fivp'i  Ilim  an  pxpcllciit  ciiaraclcr.    lie  was  ilivi  J 
aflrr  llic  war  oC  l!il'^  lici;nii,  ami  was  one  ol'llic  liillnwers  of  '/'iriiiiisrh. 
]   lliirnii.i  ami   W'lj.inilnls  arc  sviKiiiymoiis  (criii-i  willi  mo^l  writers. 
X  II' ever  ^00(1  came  out  of  evil,  v\e  slumlil  expetl  il  in  a  case  like  tills. 


Chap.  IV] 

For  four  years  suca 

ting  career,  and  wj 

Oiitil  tJie  time  of  (l 

jilvancing  into  the 

army  at  tlio  head  oi 

astlio  Indian  forlo 

mw  slain.     This  wj 

arms  to  opiroso  (it 

fought  lor  the  Ainei 

after  its  close.     Jle 

Greenville,  and  seve 

We  now  pass  to 

niaiiv  who  have  rer 

MlrfHJKINAKVVA 

pR'ted,  is  said  to  nio 
Dame,  we  find  these 
ikshekunnoghqxioh,  ] 
21  August,  1805;  M 
me  we  disposed  to 
»(•  might  nearly  fi„is 
Little-tuhti.e  wi 
jcliievenients  were  ii 
ivitli  the  trihos  of  tha 
S.  Clair ;  and  in  the 
comiimtid  ;  hence  a  d 
It  is  well  known  tin 
of  Canada,  in  most  im 
lies  committed  on  thei 
aitliisday,  hy  every  ji 
ilie  Americans  report 
lODg  alter,  pretended. 
ii|)on  the  frontiers  in 
tnith;  still,  there  is  r\ 
imiler  it,  were  secret  a 
Clair's  army,  now  ahoi 
•gainst  the  Canadians, 
m  tliat  hloody   affair 
traveller,  says,*  "  A  grc 
wre  horn  of  Indian  w 
>cirL-iiiHstance  which 
lia'l  previously  Ibrme, 
ilicir  attacks  upon  then 
taviiig  conver.sod  with 
mir,  that  it  was  with  t 
Indians,  fearfiil  lest  the 
[lie  western  Indians 
m  detachments  of  Ge 

^l^,^Mishikmakwa,enu 

mr  own  terms.     One 

JJ'yall  the  horrors' 

iittskngton  to  take  the 

Miipt  iirompt  and  effici* 

"f!  ^^'Te  immediately 

'■lair,  then  governor  oi 

l*"ntiiiont  the  4th  of  I\ 

'^'.v  of  Kentucky,  wit 

"imMvas  much  time  1 

;nl  BiUkr,  with  the  r< 

"lero  were  various  circ 

Ofcessary  to  recount  hei 

•  Travels  in  Cniada,  43C- 

7 


CHiP.IV] 


LITTLE-TURTLE. 


73 


I  '^ 


j 


For  four  years  succeeding  the  events  uliove  related,  he  followed  his  depreda- 
ting career,  and  was  concerned  in  opposing  the  war  partitsa  of  Americans 
until  the  time  of  (ienerul  H'lujne'a  famous  expciditiou.  As  that  veteran  was 
ailvancing  into  the  western  rej^ion,  Ckickdlommo  met  an  advance  party  of  hia 
army  at  tlie  head  of  a  band  of  his  dL'S|)erate  warriors,  who  were  sent  forward 
as  the  Indian  forlorn  hope.  A  sharp  skirmish  followed,  and  Chickatomino 
tfiw  sluiii.  This  was  the  action  near  Fort  Defiance.  Kin^-crane  was  also  in 
arms  to  op|)ose  General  Hayne ;  hut  in  the  last  war  against  Enfrlaiid,  he 
fouglit  for  the  Ameri<;ans,  and  is  supjioscul  to  have  died  three  or  Ibiir  years 
after  its  close.  He  was  one  of  the  signers  of  Waynes  famous  treaty  at  Fort 
Grpeiiville,  and  several  others. 

We  now  pass  to  a  chief  by  far  more  prominent  in  Indian  history  than 
many  who  have  received  much  greater  notice  from  historians.  This  was 
HISHIKINAKWA,  (a  name  by  no  means  settled  ui  orthography,)  which,  inter- 
prt'tcd,  is  said  to  mean  tlus  Lillk-lurUe.  To  the  different  treaties  bearing  his 
mm,  we  find  these  spellings:  Meshekunnoglujvok,  Greenville,  3  Aug.  179.5: 
Meshtkunnoghqiwh,  Fort  Wayne,  7  June,  1803 ;  Masfiekanahquah,  Vincennesj 
21  August,  1805;  Meshekemfrhqua,  Fort  Wayne,  30  Heirtember,  1809;  and 
ffcre  we  disposed  to  look  into  the  various  authors  who  have  used  the  name, 
w  iniglit  nearly  finish  ont  our  page  with  its  variations. 

liiTTLE-TUKTi-E  was  cliicf  of  the  Miamis,  and  the  scenes  (.f  his  warlike 
scliicvements  were  uj)on  the  country  of  his  birth.  He  had,  in  conjunction 
with  the  tribes  of  that  region,  successfully  fought  the  armies  of  Harmer  and 
Sf,  Clair ;  and  hi  the  fight  with  the  latter,  he  is  said  to  have  had  the  chief 
coniiiiand  ;  hence  a  detailed  account  of  that  afiiiir  belongs  to  his  life, 
his  well  known  that  the  Americans  inveighed  loudly  against  the  English 
of  Canada,  in  most  instances,  charging  them  with  all  the  guilt  of  theenormi- 
lii's committed  on  their  frontiers  by  tin;  Indians.  It  is  eipially  well  known, 
at  this  day,  by  every  judicious  inquirer,  that  they  were  not  so  blamable  as 
the  Americans  reported,  nor  so  innocent  as  themselves  and  friends,  even 
iou»aller,  pretended.  That  thn  llritish  government  encouragei'  depredations 
upon  the  frontiers  in  times  of  pjiace,  should  not  too  easily  be  received  for 
tnitli;  still,  there  is  reason  to  beli(;ve  that  some  who  held  inferior  offices 
uniler  it,  were  secret  abettors  of  barbarities.  In  the  attack  upon  (Jeneral  St. 
(W«  army,  now  about  to  be  related,  there  was  much  cause  of  suspicion 
igainst  the  Canadians,  as  it  was  known  that  many  of  them  even  exceeded 
in  that  bloody  affair  the  Indians  themselves.  Mr.  Weld,  the  intelligent 
traveller,  says,*  "  A  great  many  young  Canadians,  and  in  particular  many  that 
were  horn  of  Indian  women,  fought  on  the  side  of  the  Indians  in  this  action ; 
« circumstance  which  confirmed  the  people  of  the  States  in  the  ojiinion  they 
y  previously  fbriiK-d,  that  the  Indians  wc^e  encouraged  and  abetted  in 
liieir  attacks  upon  them  by  the  British.  I  can  safely  affirm,  however,  from 
having  conversed  with  many  of  these  young  men  who  fought  against  St. 
Clair,  that  it  wius  with  the  utmost  secrecy  they  letl  their  homes  to  join  the 
Indiaiis,  feartiil  lest  the  government  should  c«;iisiire  their  conduct." 
The  western  Indians  were  only  imboldencd  by  the  battles  between  them 
ml  detncliments  of  General  Harmer's  army,  in  1790,  and,  under  such  a  lead- 
eras  Jl/is/iiftinrtA:u>o,  entertained  sanguine  hopes  of  bringing  the  Americans  to 
their  own  terms.  One  murder  followed  another,  in  rapid  succession,  attend- 
ed by  all  the  horrors  peculiar  to  their  warfare,  which  caused  Pnjsident 
l((M/iino^<on  to  take  the  earliest  o|)portunity  of  recommending  Congress  to 
idupt  prompt  and  efficient  measures  for  checking  those  calamities ;  and  2000 
meii  wt;re  immediately  raised  and  ])ut  under  the  command  of  Gi-neral  St. 
Clair,  then  governor  of  the  North- Western  Territory.  He  received  his  ap- 
[»iiiitiiirnt  the  4th  of  March,  1791,  and  proceeded  to  Fort  Washington,  by 
Wiiv  of  Kentucky,  with  all  possible  (U;spatch,  where  he  arrived  15  May.f 
Tliero  was  much  time  lost  in  getting  the  troops  imbodied  at  this  |)laee ;  (Jen- 
enl  Bidler,  with  the  n-sidue,  not  arriving  until  the  middle  of  Sc^ptember. 
There  were  various  circumstances  to  account  for  the  delays,  which  it  is  un- 
necessary to  recount  here. 


•"-!■ 


■':'■  'km 


'  Travels  in  Cuuida,  43C— 7,8vo.  London,  (4cd.)  1800. 
7 


t  Si.  Clair's  Narrative,  p.  4. 


'.1 


t  rrrr.E-TrjRTF.E.— ST.  clair's  defeat. 


[Book  V. 


fHAP.  IV.] 


LIT! 


nx'cfdod  iimucdiiitrly  on  liis  arrivai,  vvliirh  wna 


ColonrI  Darke  pnx'cfdod  iimucdiiirriy  on  nis  arrivai,  vvliirli  wna  nhtiiit  tli 
i;nd  of  Auf^iist,  iiiul  linilt  J''i)rt  Haiiiilto'i,  on  the  IMiaini,  in  tlio  conmrx  of 
Lilllc-turlle ;  and  s^oon  ailcr  l-'ort  JcHi-rHdn  wan  l)nilt,  forty  inilt-H  faitlicrOi 
vard.  'riu's(i  two  lorts  hcin^r  l<'tl  manned,  ahont  the  end  of  (JcIoIhi-  tl  ' 
PTiny  advanccti,  Immiij?  abont  !<J()00  stroiijr,  militia  includoii,  wiiost!  numlM  I'j 
♦vert!  not  inconHidciablr,  hh  will  apjM-ar  hy  the  miscrahU!  niannor  in  wliid 
tlniy  not  only  confnHi-d  tlionim  Ives,  hnt  tins  regular  Moldiers  alwo. 

General  St.  Clair  liad  advanc(Ml  hut  about  six  miles  in  front  of  I'ort  .Ictfi-r- 
Bon,  wlien()Oof  his  militia,  from  pretended  disaffection,  commenced  a  ritr(';it" 
and  it  was  discovered  that  the  evil  liad  spread  consicUsrahly  among  tin.  |-,,J 
of  the  army.  Being  fearful  tiiey  would  seize  upon  the  convoy  of  provisidim 
the  genera!  ordered  Col(»nel  Hamtramkxo  ])m-suethenii  with  his  regiment  and 
force  them  to  return.  Th(!  army  now  consirited  of  but  1400  effective  I'ncn 
and  this  was  the  number  attacked  by  lAtUe-turtk  and  his  warriors,  J5  mjiyg 
from  the  Miami  villages. 

Colonel  BiiHer  cotmnanded  the  right  wing,  and  Colonel  Darke  tlie  l,.(V 
The  militi:-.  v.'re  j/osted  a  quarter  of  u  mile  in  advance,  and  were  enraniiicd 
in  t-vo  )ines.  They  had  not  finished  securing  their  baggage,  when  tlicy 
we  >•  ^1  k'^  ^  in  their  camp.  It ',  as  their  intention  to  have  marched  imuK.. 
dial*  ■  1th  ,;struction  of  the  A  iami  villages.  Of  this  their  niovenicnis 
appri/.  .  Mie  li  iiir'is,  who  acted  'vitli  great  wisdom  and  firmness,  'riicv 
fell  upon  the  mill  I  'pfore  sunrise,  4  November,  who  at  once  fled  into  the  niain 
camj),  in  the  most  disorderly  and  tumultuous  manner:  many  of  them,  ImvincT 
thrown  away  their  guns,  were  pursued  and  slaughtered.  At  the  main  canip 
the  fight  was  sustained  some  time,  by  the  great  exertions  of  the  otHrers  Imt 
with  great  inequality  ;  the  Indians  under  lAttte-turtle  amounting  to  abont  ifjOO 
warriors.  Colonels  Darke  and  Butler,  and  Major  Clark,  made  sevcial  suc- 
cessful charges,  which  cnaided  them  to  save  some  of  their  numbers  iiy 
checking  tlie  enemy  while  flight  was  more  practicable. 

Of  the  Americans,  5!)3  were  killed  and  missing,  beside  thirtif-eifrht  ofWrcra; 
and  242  soldiers  and  twenty-one  ofKcers  were  wounded,  man  v  of  whom  ilitd. 
Colonel  Butler  was  among  the  slain.  The  account  of  his  fall  is  siiockiriir. 
lie  was  severely  wounded,  and  left  on  the  ground.  The  well-known  and 
intiimous  Simon  Girtif  came  uj)  to  him,  and  observed  him  writhing  niidcr 
severe  pain  from  his  wounds.  Girty  knew  and  spoke  to  him.  Knowing  tliat 
he  could  not  live,  the  colonel  begged  of  Girty  to  put  an  end  to  his  mist  rv. 
This  he  refused  to  do,  but  tiunied  to  an  Indian,  whom  he  told  that  the  otiiccr 
was  the  conmiander  of  the  army ;  upon  which  he  drove  his  tonmhuwk  into 
his  head.  A  number  of  others  then  came  around,  and  alter  taking  ort'  liis 
scalp,  they  took  out  his  heart,  and  cut  it  into  as  many  pieces  as  tlure  were 
tribes  in  the  action,  and  divided  it  among  them.  All  manner  ofhnit;Ja(t3 
were  comtnitted  on  the  bodies  of  the  slain.  It  need  not  be  mentioned  forilie 
information  of  the  observer  of  Indian  affairs,  that  land  was  the  main  cause 
of  this  as  well  as  most  other  wars  between  the  Indians  and  whites;  ami 
hence  it  was  very  easy  to  account  for  the  Indians  filling  the  mouths  oi"  the 
slain  with  earth  alter  this  battle.  It  was  actually  the  case,  as  reported  by 
those  who  shortly  after  visited  the  scene  of  action  and  buried  the  dead. 

General  St,  Clair  was  called  to  an  accoimt  for  the  disastrous  issue  of  this 
campaign,  and  was  honorably  acquitted.  He  published  a  narrative  in  vindi- 
cation of  his  conduct,  which,  at  this  day,  few  will  think  it  required.  What 
he  says  of  his  retreat  we  will  give  in  his  own  words.*  "  The  retreat  was,yi)u 
may  be  sure,  a  preci|)itate  one  ;  it  was  in  fact  a  flight.  The  camp  and  the 
artillery  were  abandoned  ;  but  that  was  unavoidable,  for  not  a  horse  was  lill 
alive  to  have  drawn  it  oft',  had  it  otherwise  been  practicable.  Hut  tiic;  intist 
disgraceful  part  of  the  business  is,  that  the  greatest  part  of  the  men  thnw 
away  their  arms  and  accoutrements,  even  after  the  pursuit,  which  rontinmil 
about  four  miles,  had  ceased.  1  found  the  road  strewed  with  them  for  iiiaiiy 
miles,  but  was  not  able  to  rem(!dy  it;  for,  having  had  all  my  horses  killiHl, 
and  being  moimted  upon  one  that  coidd  not  be  pricked  out  of  a  walk,  I 
could  not  get  forward  myself,  and  the  ord:'rs  1  sent  forward,  either  to  luilt 

*  I'cnn.  Gazette,  of  that  year. 


llic  front,  or  j)revent  t 

^J  to." 
Tilt!  ri'iiiMant  of  tJ, 

vi'uri!  sunset,  the  plac 

ral.sy.  Clair  did  every 

jjll' to  every  danger,'li 

I  iiiihi's.     in  no  attack 

f  nivi  ly  and  dciermiiia 

ii  tomahawk  in  ha 

::.nvards  learned  an 

I  ..untied.*     "Tlu^ru 
urn  pieces  in  an   inst 
nliiiifver  the  army  ciu 
:.iiN  as  soon  as   they 
;  sunt  ami  advance.     ' 
■s  many  of  them  h 
r.ifflit  pieces  of  artilh 
I  k'liaire,  anmumition,  a 
W  hi'ther  the  battle-gi 
I  previous  to  17!i;j  1  do  n( 
:i(;i'iieral  ffaym's  am 
iMirancf;  is  most  truly  j 
iliirt  there,  which  liavii 
I  of  about  a.'iO  yards  wen 
rjilic'iud  uji  and  buri(!d. 
|iiiiiiwu'my  the  wt-ods 
hrass  caiiiiun,  which  con 
|3si\|)oun(ler,  were  fbui 
The  /()llovving  song  ha 
I  poetry,  is  considered  a  vi 


5  'Twas  Novcm 
We  liad  a  son 
Siinclitire  was 
For  there  we  I 


h 


At  nnnkcr's 
Likewise  at  I.. 
But  such  A  dre; 
As  hap'acd  ae 

Our  army  was 
And  soon  wnrc 
They  killed  Af.- 
And  horrid  yell 

Major  Butler  If 
His  manly  boso 
And  as  he  lav  i 
Exclaim'd,  ■  ■"  Y 

Wo  had  not  bei 
Himself  so  badi 


/>.»«««,«,,  of  that  year 
."Iter  from  Fort  Hainilion, 
..assadmseus  Magazine  f„, 
JWhonlbcffan  to  copy  t|,e 
;;m>.r..s„iu,ion  shaken;,' 
™'l,,oic,Kiuroii,and,ihe,efo 
«J>ve„|„ofew,somevverc  , 
'''«   ii'.IJaltlmoreinian     - 
('lialiSl79l. 


CBAP.  IV.] 


LITTLE-TURTKE.— 8T.  CLAIR'S  I)I',I  F.AT. 


75 


il,i.  front,  or  j)rcvoiit  the  moil  from  parting  with  thi-lr  anus,  wore  iinattcud> 

Tii(!  ri'iiiiiant  of  tho  army  arrived  at  Fort  JetlerHon  tlio  Hame  day,  just 

jtt'urt!  simuet,  the  place  from  which  tiiey  tied  itein;;  *2!(  iiiiies  (hsiaist.     (ina;- 

,1  ,S7.  Clitlr  did  every  thin;,'  tiiat  a  hrave  ^'eneral  coidd  do.     He  exposed  him- 

,;i'to  every  dan;,'er,  havin;.',  (hn'in^'  the  action,  ei;rlit  ladlets  siiot  tiirou^h  his 

ilii'S.     in  no  atta<;k  related  in  our  records,  did  ihe  Indians  discover  greater 

luiy  and  determination.     AlVer  ^'ivin^f  the  first  fn'c,  they  riirthed  forward 

ii  tomahawk  in  hand.     Their   loss  was  inconsiderahle ;  hut  tht;  traders 

.  ;;i,iwardrt  learned  amon;^  them  that  LiUle-liirllc  h    I   !.')()  killed  and  many 

I«,iiiiMled.*  "They  riishtul  on  the  artillery,  heedless  of  their  lire,  and  took 
;«ii  pieces  in  an  instant.  'I'liey  wen;  a^ain  retaken  hy  our  troops:  and 
jliiiiever  the  army  cliar;;ed  them,  tlay  were  scjeii  to  ^'ive  way,  and  advaiico 

iiii  lis  soon  as  they  he^an  to  retreat,  doiii^  ^'reiit  exticntioii,  hoth  in  tho 
■,;ivat  and  advance.  They  are  very  d»!Xtroiis  in  covering'  themsedves  with 
yv*;  many  of  them  however  fell,  hoth  of  the  infantry  and  artillery."  "Six 
irii;.'lit  pieces  of  artillery  lid  I  into  their  hands,  with  almiit  400  horses,  all  the 
taTiiHire,  ammunition,  and  provisions."  f 

Wlii'lher  th»!  hattle-^roiind  of  General  St.  Clair  were  visited  hy  the  whites 
previmiw  to  17!m  1  do  not  learn  ;  hut  in  Deccmher  of  that  year  a  (h'tachment 
j|t!encral  If'ayne's  army  went  to  the  place,  and  the  account  ^iven  of  its  ap- 
wnince  is  most  truly  melancholy.  This  detachment  was  ordered  to  hii'-'-l 
iilirt  there,  which  having  done,  it  was  called  Fort  Itecovery.  Within  a  s]:  j 
ji'iihoiit  ;J50  yards  were  found  .500  skull  hones,  the  most  of  which  vvt  o 
.-jiiiercd  up  and  huried.  For  ahout  five  miles  in  the  direction  of  tlie  re*'eat 
ailinarmy  the  W(>ods  was  strewed  with  skeletons  and  muskets.  'Ihe  wo 
Irass  cannon,  which  composed  St.  Claires  artillery,  one  a  three,  and  the  other 
asi.v-|M»i"ider,  were  found  in  a  creek  adjacent.! 

The  (()lhnviiig  song  has  heen  o(h;n  reprinted,  and  although  not  the  host  ..f 
poetry,  is  considered  a  vuluuhle  relic  of  those  ilays.     It  is  iieaded  tlui  ^ : — 

Sainclaire's  Defeat. 

§  'Twas  November  the  fourth,  in  the  year  of  iiinety-oiic,|| 
We  had  a  sore  engagemeiit  near  lo  Fort  JetTcrson  ; 
mnclaire  was  our  ooinmamler,  which  may  remembered  be, 
For  there  we  left  nine  hundred  men  in  t'  Wesl'n  Tor'lory. 

At  Bunker's  Hill  and  Quebeck,  where  many  a  lioro  fell, 
Likewise  at  Lone  Island,  (it  is  I  the  trutli  can  tell,) 
But  such  .1  dreaeflul  carnajje  may  I  never  sec  a^aia 
As  hap'ncd  near  St.  Mary's,  upon  the  river  plain. 

Our  army  was  attacked  just  as  the  day  did  dawn, 
And  soon  were  overpowered  and  driven  from  Ihe  lawn. 
They  killed  Major  Oiildham,  Levin  and  WnWs  likewise, 
And  horrid  yells  of  sav'ges  resounded  thro'  the  skies. 

Major  Butler^  was  wounded  the  very  second  fire  ; 
His  manly  bosom  sweli'd  with  rage  when  forr'd  to  retire ; 
And  as  he  lay  in  anguish,  nor  scarcely  could  he  see, 
Exclaim'd,  ■'  Ye  hounds  of  hell,  O!  revenged  I  will  be." 

We  had  not  been  long  broken  when  General  Butler  found 
Himself  so  badly  wounded,  was  forced  to  quit  the  groiuid. 


'  Penn.  Gazette,  of  that  year. 

t  I.ellcr  from  Fort  Hainillon,  dated  six  'Invs  artor  llio  l>nlllc. 

!  .Massachusetts  Magazine  for  17i)4,  p.  I'Jl. 

4  When  I  began  to  copy  tliost  lines,  I  did  not  intend  to  change  a  word  in  them,  but  soon 

teml  my  rcsoluiion  shaken  ;  the  lines  were  of  such  unequal  leiiglhs,  and  the  rhyme  so  bad,  I 

Mill  not  ciulure  it,  and,  therefore,  when  the  syllables  were  too  many,  some  were  dropped, 

J.iJwhcn  loo  few,  some  were  added  ;  but  ihe  sense  is  in  no  wise  impaired.    The  coi)y  I  use, 

I  lionml  in  llaltimore  in  1817.    They  were  printed  in  1815. 

rriuiiisnyi. 

"  Richard  Butler  was  of  Nottingham,  in  New  Hampshire,  where  some  of  his  relatives  yet 

itaiiiii. 


■'    '-t 


^M 


t""."!' 


'  ■    .        >  ■  I 


LITTLE-TURTLE.— ST.  CLAIR'S  DEFEAT. 


[Book  V 


"  My  Ood  '  "  suys  he,  "  wlinl  »lmll  wo  do  ;  we're  wdiinded  every  man  • 
Go  ilmrge  lliciii,  valiant  liuroe.s,  and  lieai  Uicin  if  you  can."  ' 

He  leaned  his  back  af^ninst  a  tree,  and  thero  rcsifrncd  his  breath  * 
And  like  a  valiant  soldier  sunk  in  the  arms  ofdenlli ; 
When  bicsscil  angels  did  await,  his  siiirit  to  convey  ; 
And  unto  lliu  celestial  fields  ho  (|uickly  bent  his  way. 

We  rharff'd  again  with  courage  firm,  Inil  soon  again  gave  ground. 
The  w  '.r-whoo|)  then  redoubled,  as  did  the  foes  around. 
They  killed  Major  Fergiuon,  which  caused  his  men  to  cry, 
"  Our  only  saCety  is  in  flight ;  or  fighting  hero  to  die." 

"Stand  to  your  guns,"  savs  valiant  Ford,  "  let's  die  upon  them  here 
Before  we  lot  the  sav'ges  know  we  ever  harbored  fear." 
Our  coiinon-bulls  exhausted,  and  ariiU'ry-men  all  slain, 
Obliged  were  our  musketineii  tho  un'niy  to  sustain. 

Yet  three  hours  t  more  we  fought  them,  and  then  wore  forc'd  lo  yield 
When  three  hundred  bloody  warriors  lay  stroich'd  uiion  tho  lielj. 
Says  Colonel  (Jilison  to  his  men,  "My  boys,  be  imt  dismay'd} 
I'm  sure  that  true  Virginians  were  never  yet  afraid. 

"  Ten  thousand  deaths  I'd  rather  die,  than  they  should  gain  the  field ;" 
With  that  he  got  a  fatal  shot,  which  caused  him  to  yielu. 
Says  Major  Clark,  "  My  heroes,  I  can  here  no  longer  stand, 
Wo'li  strive  to  form  iu  order,  and  retreat  the  best  wo  can." 

The  word,  Retreat,  being  past  around,  there  was  a  dismal  cry, 
Then  helter  skelter  through  the  woods,  like  wolves  and  sheep  they  fly. 
This  well-appointed  army,  who  but  a  day  before. 
Defied  and  braved  all  danger,  had  like  a  cloud  pass'd  o'er. 

Alas !  the  dying  and  wounded,  how  dreadful  was  the  thought, 
To  the  tomahawk  and  scalping-knifc,  in  aiis'ry  arc  brought. 
Some  had  a  (high  and  some  an  arm  broke  on  the  field  that  day. 
Who  writhed  iii  torments  at  the  stake,  to  close  the  diro  aifray. 

To  mention  our  brave  officers,  is  what  I  wish  to  do ; 
No  sons  of  Mars  e'er  fouffht  more  brave,  or  with  more  courage  true. 
To  Captain  Bradford  I  belonged,  in  his  artillery, 
t  He  fell  thai  day  amongst  the  slain,  a  valiant  man  was  he. 

It  has  been  generally  said,  that  had  the  advice  of  lAttle-turtle  been  takfin 
at  the  disastrous  fight  afterwards  with  General  Wayne,  there  i.s  very  little 
doubt  but  he  had  met  as  ill  success  §  as  General  St.  Clair  ||  did  before  him. 
He  was  not  for  fighting  General  Wnynt  at  Presque-Isle,  and  inclined  rutlier 
to  peace  than  fighting  him  at  all.  In  a  council  held  tho  night  buibie  liiu 
battle,  he  arguecl  us  follows :  "  We  have  beaten  the  enemy  twice  under  separate 
commanders.  We  cannot  expect  the  same  good  fortune  always  to  attend  us.  The 
Anericans  are  now  led  by  a  chief  wlio  never  sleeps :  the  night  and  the  day  are 
alike  to  him.  And  during  all  the  time  that  he  Juts  been  marching  upon 
our  villages,  notwithstanding  the  watchfulness  of  our  young  nun,  we  hare 
never  been  able  to  surprise  hinu     Think  well  of  it.     There  is  something  whig- 

iters  me,  it  would  be  prudent  to  listen  to  his  ojffers  of  peace.'*  For  holding  tliis 
angnagc  he  was  reproached  by  another  chief  with  cowardice,  whicli  put  an 
end  to  all  further  discourse.  Nothing  wounds  the  feelings  of  a  warrior  like 
the  reproach  of  cowardice  ;  l»ut  lAttle-turtle  stifled  his  resentment,  did  his 
duty  in  the  battle,  and  its  issue  proved  him  a  truer  prophet  tlian  his  accuser 


*  This  was  probably  a  report,  but  is  doubtless  incorrect. 

t  'J'his  is  not  fact. 

X  It  would  have  been  agreeable  if  our  poet  had  given  us  a  kind  of  catalogue  of  all  such  as 
were  killed  at  this  time,  of  any  note.  Captain  Newiitan  was  among  the  number.  Elliol't 
Works,  133. 

$  Little-turtle  told  Mr.  Volnetj  circumstances  which  gave  him  that  opinion.  See  his 
Travels  in  Anwrica,  ed.  Loud.  1804. 

II  General  Arthur  St.  Clair  was  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland.     He  came  to  America  in  the  ; 
fleet  which  brought  over  Admiral  Boscawen,  in  1755,  and  having  served  through  the  revolu- 
tionary and  Indian  wars,  died  at  liis  farm  near  Greeusburgb,  Pa.  31  Aug.  1818.    Amr.  Mod. 
Mag.  ii.  469,  (N.  Y.  1818.) 


1*  ♦ 


w 

■'  WK 

.« 

'sVbi 

^.ffli 

K< 

'  I^^B 

'  '.'' 


•ill 


i: 


Or 


^^K 


HI 


if  ■»♦•■, 


f: 


w. 


f 


S/hrrit  /' 


CjrFJS.  WjWKE 


-•.ml 


V<  0 


i 


#■ 


Chap.  IV-l 


LITTLE-TURTLE  AT  PHILADELPIILV. 


77 


believed.*  His  residence  was  iii)oti  Eel  River,  about20  miles  iVoni  Fort  Wayne, 
vbere  our  goveriinniit  hiiiit  liitii  a  house,  and  I'uruisiied  liini  witii  menus  ot* 
liviu;:,  uuicli  to  tlie  euvy  ofliis^  couutrynieu.  Tlierelbre  what  had  been  bestowed 
upon  hinifto  induce  others  t(  a  like  mode  of  life  by  their  own  extutions,  proved 
DUtoiily  prejudicial  to  the  cau^e,  but  engendered  hatred  against  him  in  the  minds 
of  111!  the  Indians.     He  was  not  a  chief  by  birth,  but  was  raised  to  that 
ftaiidiiig  by  bis  superior  talents.     This  was  the  cause  of  so  nuicb  jealousy 
and  envy  at  this  time,  as  also  a  negle  *  of  bis  counsel  heretofore.     The  same 
autiior,t  from  wliom  we  get  the  facts  ui  tiie  preceding  part  of  this  paragraph, 
Bvs,  ".V/cs/iccMHnw/«rt,  or  the  LittU-turtle,  was  tlie  son  of  a  Miami  ciiief,  by  a 
)lolie<'""  woman.    As  the  Indian  maxim,  with  regard  to  (h'sceiits,  is  precisely 
lliat  of  the  civil  law  in  relation  to  slaves,  that  the  condition  of  the  woman 
jdliert'S  to  the  oll'spring,  he  was  not  a  chief  by  birth,"  &c. 
Liltk-tuiik  was  alike  courageous  and  humane,  jiossessing  great  wisdom. 
"Aiul,"  says  iriy  author,  "there  have  been  few  individuals  among  aborigiims  who 
nave  <lone  so  mucii  to  abolish  the  rites  of  human  sacrifice.    The  grave  of 
tliis  noted  warrior  is  shown  to  visitors,  near  Fort  Wayne.     It  is  freciuently 
\i.it(Ml  by  the  Indians  in  that  part  r  '  the  country,  liy  whom  his  memory  is 
cmrislied  with  the  greatest  respect  and  veneration."  | 
Tlie  grave  ol'  his  great  opponent  was  also  in  the  same  region ;  but  hi;9 
Kiimius  were  not  long  since  rejuoved  to  the  ueat  of  bis  family.     Ever  after 
ti<  successful  expedition,  the  Indians  called  him  the  Bie-wind ;  ^  ov  Tor- 
wio;  some,  however,   on    particular   occasions,  called    hnn    Sukack-gook, 
wliicii  signified,  in  Dtdaware,  a  black-snake;    Ixu-ause,  th(!y   said,  he  pos- 
sessed all  the  art  and  cunning  of  that  reptile.  ||     We  hoar  yet  of  another 
lui.e,  wiiich,  though  it       "  not  have  been  bis  fiiiilt  that  ac(|uired  it,  is  less 
toiii|iliinentary  than  the        <  just  named.     It  is  well   known  that  the  British 
htdwcd  a  great  many  more  |)r('sents  u|)on  the  Indians  than  the  Americans 
dill;  liiit  some  of  tlie  latter  made  larg(!  pretensions  aoout  what  they  woidd 
do,   General   JVayne,  tiie   Indians   said,  made   great  jjromises   to  them  of 
puis,  hut  never  got  ready  to  fulfil  them,  (probablv  from  being  disappointed 
kiiiisi'lf  i)y  the  faihue    of  his    goverinnent   in    not  forwarding   what   was 
jiroinisii  d ; )  therefore  they  called   him   General   fVabang,^   which   signified 
(if Meiiil  Tu-morroiv.** 
When  the  philosopher  and  famous  traveller  Volney  was  in  America,  in 
jif  winter  of  175)7,   LitUe-turtle  came   to  I'biladclphia,  w'  ere  be  then  was. 
Id/Hfi/ sought  inuuediate  ac(|uaintance  with  the  celebnit'   i  chief,  for  highly 
valiiiiide  purposes,  which  in  so'ue  measure  he  eftecUid.     V^e  made  a  vocabu- 
iarvdt' his  language,  which  he  printed  in  the  appeiulix  to  bis  Travels.     A 
f"|n  in  inanuHcript,  more  extensive  than  the  printed  one,  is  said  to  be  in  the 
iilinirv  of  the  Philosophical  Society  of  Pennsylvania. 

lining  become  convinced  that  all  resistance  to  the  whites  was  vain,  Little- 
Mk  bnniglit  his  nation  to  consent  to  pca<-e,  and  to  adopt  agricultural  pur- 
fiiits  Aim!  it  was  with  tl:;!  view  of  soliciting  Congress,  and  the  benevolent 
ji'iiiv  ol'  I'Vii'iuls,  for  assistance  to  eflect  this  latter  purpose,  that  he  now 
iMlnl  Pliiladelphia.  While  here,  he  was  inoculated  lor  the  small-pox,  and 
niiMilso  atHicted  with  the  gout  and  rheumatism. 

Ai  the  time  of  Mr.  Volneifs  interview  with  him  for  information,  he  took 
yiiintiee  of  the  conversation  while  the  interpreter  was  communicating  with 
)!r.  /  (i/dc//,  lor  he  did  not  understand  English,  but  walked  about,  plucking 
lit  liis  I)  aril  and  eyebrows.  He  was  dressed  now  in  English  clothes.  His 
Kill,  where  not  ex|)OHed,  Mr.  f^olncy  says,  was  as  white  as  his;  and  on 
spciikiiig  upon  the  subject,  Liltlc-tu.lle  aa'id,  "  I  have  seen  S;)aniards  in  Loifis- 
iiiiia,  imd  l()un(l  no  (htl'erence  of  color  bitween  them  aiul  me.  And  why 
fiiiiilil  there  be  any?  In  them,  as  in  I'S,  it  is  the  work  of  the  Father  of  colors, 
llii'>..(,  thai  burns  lis.  You  white;  jieoph;  com|)are  the  color  of  your  fiice 
wli  that  of  your  bodies."     Mr.  Volmi;  explained  to  him  the  notion  of  many, 


'  Ml  p!rni/l's  Travels.  f  Dawson,  Mems.  Harrison.  i  Sell nolc raft's  Trfivcls. 

H'ii.  <.,iz('ii(",  IJ  //crAcircWfr's  Narrative. 

'  t)r.  iH'cordiiiiT  to  Mr.  \\ .  ,/.  Snetlinsc,  it  should  be  wriUen  iVabuiik. 
••  n\Urs  Tnirrls,  4U. 

7* 


78 


MTTI.E-TUIITI-K.-Hlrf   DliATII   AND  CIIAIIACTKII.       [ij„„k  V 


tliat  luH  nu'ii  wiiH  *I«'hc*>ii(1(m1  from  tlio  'rartnrH,  niul  by  a  iiiii])  sliowcd  liim  tha 
hU|)|io»<(mI  ooiiiiiiunicaiioii  helwceii  Aniii  uiitl  AiiH-rica.  To  tliis  LUilv-tuHU 
re|)li«<(l,  "  h'hj should  not  Ihrsc  Taiiitrs,  wlw  resnnhlc  tia, have  anw  from .Imiricaf 
Jlre  thnr  any  rcnaons  to  tht  ronlntn/'J  Or  why  hIioiiIiI  wi^  not  Imtli  ||,iv(.  i,,,,.- 
born  ill  our  own  coimtry?"  Jt  Ih  a  fact  that  the  liuliaiiH  givi;  llicinsclviH  a 
liaiiio  uliic'h  is  «'(iiiival('iit  to  our  word  I'm/i/ceTic,  that  i»y  one  sprung  from  the  soiL 
or  natural  to  it.* 

JJaron  Lahontnn,\  nWvr  »l«'8cribinjr  tlic  <liflercnt  tlaiic(>H,ordanroM  lor  (lifter, 
ent  orousions,  nnio  ',i  'I'"  FntlianH  of  Oana«la,  ailtis  tin*  foMowin*;  in  a  noir:-. 
"  Toutts  as  danMS  pruvcnl  ttrt  rompimfs  a  la  pi/rrhiqur,  dc  jMinvnu;  ear  Im  gim. 
VOfTcs  ol>aervcnt,  en  dnn,')ant  d^une  frravile  siny^uli^re,  U\i  cadences  de  eertainei 
chansons,  que  les  milicesGrec(iues  iVjIchilie,  apelluient  hjporchematiques.  It  >i\iil]ins 
facUe  dc  st.  avoir  si  les  sauvatres  tes  onl  aprises  des  (h-ec.s,  ou  si  les  (irers  les  nut  aiiriseg 
aes  .WHm^fs."  It  is,  |KM'hii|>s,  from  such  passages  that  Lahuntan  Ims  Imi  n 
branded  with  tht>  name  ol'  inlidel  -4  but  truly  there  ran  he  notiiin^r  ii'i'iliLMoui) 
in  such  (h'ductions,  inasmuch  as  it  is  conceded  on  all  hands  that  the  ^cdIim'I. 
ical  Cormations  of  the  new  world  have  re(iuired  as  nnich  lime  for  ijicir  per- 
fection us  those  of  the  old.  Mr.  I'olney  comes  within  the  same  pnlc,  wIk  » 
lie  coMii»ares  the  S|mrlans  to  the  Five  Nations.  In  contrastiiifr  the  stntcs  of 
LacedaMiion  with  m«Mlern  l''rance,  he  rays,  ^^  Maintenant  que  fai  vii  lis  sau- 
vatres d\'lmirique,  je  persisle  dc  plus  en  plus  dans  cettc  comparaisnn,  il  > 
trouve  que  te  premiere  lir're  de  'I  huci/dide,  et  tout  ce  qu^il  dit  des  vueur.'i  ils 
jMcedemoniens,  convienent  tellevient  aur  muj  nations,  que  fappdlerais  voloiitins 
les  Spartiates,  Irs  Iroquois  dc  Cancien  nwudc"^ 

When  Mr.  I'oliieq  asked  Little-turtle  what  ^Mevented  him  from  \\\\uir 
among  the  whites,  and  if  he  were  not  more  comtortahle  in  I'hiladeipiiia  tlmii 
upon  the  hanks  «tf  the  VValmsh,  In-  sjiid,  "  Taking:;  nil  lhin!i;s  tofrdhvr,  you  hnre 
the  advantaixe  over  us  ;  but  here  /  am  deaf  and  dumb.  1  do  not  talk  your  Inn- 
g"i(fliff ;  /  ran  neither  hear,  nor  make  myself  heard.  When  1  walk  tlmuixh  Iht 
streets,  I  see  every  person  in  his  shon  employed  about  something':  one  makes  slwis 
another  hats,  a  third  sells  cloth,  aim  every  one  lives  by  his  lalior.  1  suij  tn  miindf 
Which  of  all  these  thinf^s  can  you  do  .^  JVot  one.  I  can  make  n  Imc  or  itn 
arrow,  catch  fish,  kill  ^ame,  and  iro  to  war :  but  none  of  tlwse  is  of  atiy  uxe  hue. 
To  learn  what  is  done  here  would  require  a  long  time."  "  Old  age  eomrs  oh." 
"  /  shoiUd  be  a  piece  of  furniture  useless  to  my  nation,  useless  to  the  whites,  and 
vseless  to  myself."     "  /  must  return  to  my  own  count rj/." 

At  the  same  time,  ( I7!*7,)  among  other  eminent  personapes  to  whom  this  ciiiif 
became  attached  in  Philadelphia,  was  the  renowned  Koskiusko.  'Vim  (ilil 
Polish  chief  was  so  well  plea.'^ed  with  Little-turtle,  that  when  the  latter  went 
to  take  his  tinal  leave  of  him,  the  old  "  war-worn  soldier  "and  paiiioi  pic- 
eented  him  with  a  beautiful  pair  of  pistols,  and  an  elegant  robe  nwido  of  sea- 
otter's  skin,  of  the  value  of  "several"  hundred  dollars.  1 

Little-turtle  died  in  the  summer  of  IHI'i,  at  his  residence,  but  a  short  lime  1 
after  the  <h'claiatioii  of  war  against  England  by  the  Uniled  States.     llis|i(r-  ■ 
trait,   by  Stewart,  graces  the    walls  of  the   war-ot''..'e  of  our  nation.    Tl  e  ' 
following  notice    appeared  in    the  public   prints  at  the  i]:iie  of  his  diiiili:  ' 
"Fort  Wayne, 'Jl  July,  1HI2.     On  the  14  iiist.  the  celebriite«l  IMiniiii  ihii; 
the  Little-turtle,  <lied  at  this  place,  at  the  ag«)  of  (15  years.|| — Perhaps  ihcn  is 
not  left  on  this  continent,  one  of  Ids  color  so  distinguisluid  in  coiiiiiil  tiiul  in 
Avar.     His  disorder  was  the  gout.     He  died  in  a  camp,  because  he  ciiosi'  10 
be  in  the  open  air.     He  met  death  with  great  firmnesH.     The  agent  lin-  iii- 
diun  aftiiirs  had  him  buried  with  the  honors  of  war,  and  other  imirks  ot  dis- 

*  Sec  Volney's  Travels,  lit  suprn.  \  3tetiioin's  (/c  f.'  Amiritiw.  il.  W. 

}  No  one  presumes  td  priiiiounro  Fatlipr  Ifninepin  an  iiitidcl.  nnd  hi'  dcuii's.  (iifirr  lii.iii; 
miirli  amony  Ihc  Indians.)  that  ihcy  liavc  any  notion,  or  lu'liof,  dC  what  Chrisiijiiis  chII  I^'iIii. 
Bnl  Mr.  llirrrlii  (Hist.  X'lrjjinia,  l(i!).)  says,  "Karon  l.ahonlim,  on  llic  ollu-r  linml,  nutcs 
llit'ni  have  sucli  rcruiod  nolions,  as  seem  alniosi  lo  conCnli-  iiis  own  Ix^lii'lOl  ("litisliiinilv. ' 

*  O'.nvri's  de  (\  F.  Voh„-ii.  I.  C.  Vl\).  (Paris,  !(»;.) 

II  There  was  a  clnef  of  ijie  same  name  among  the  Miamis  in  liillt,  who  is  nu'iilloneil  in 
the  Irealy  made  widi  lliose  Imlians  on  (i  Ocloher,  at  .St.  IMarys.  'I'Ik'  pa>Jsaj;e  in  iIk  innir 
is  as  loliows: — To  Mtshi-iioqua  or  the  t.illlf-luitte,  one  seriion  of  land  on  the  souiii  side  of 
tlie  Wubash,  where  the  porlajvc  pr.lh  strikes  (lie  same."     Indian  Treaties,  314, 


UACTF.K.       [IJooK  V. 

nm|)  ^s)low'l■ll  liin)  tlia 
To  lliis  Lill!r-turtle 
vc  com*' from  .Imrrica  ? 
H".  iiol  botli  liaVf  lii'(;u 
iiH  fjivti  tlicmisclvcH  a 
uc  sprung  from  Ihv  noil, 

<8,  or  (liinroH  lor  iliftcr- 
lollowiii^  in  n  nolc  :— 
/c  MinoTi;  air  ha  .vri/- 
»  ritdviicis  ik  artmnii 
rhi'mnli(iu(!i.  11  »i'(,s//mj» 
si  lea  lines  Its  oul  ajtrms 
at  fstthontan  liiis  lit'iii 
1  Ih;  iiotliiii^'  irniipouii 
liaiiilH  lliat  tlic  pMilof;i. 
ifli  tiiiK^  tor  llicir  lur- 
1  the  waiiH'  jmlc,  win  ii 
[)ntri>tit\ii>;  tlic  stnlcs  of 
lanl  que  f(ti  vii  Irs  sun-  ;, 
rllr    com}Mrnisoi},  <(   ;e    ? 

lie  fappdUrais  vuloi\lius 

nnt»nl  liiin  from  living 
blc  ill  l'liilu(l*>l|)iiiii  tliiiu 
(/ii'imfs  togiUirr,  you  /.(ire 

y  (/o  ho/  /«//f  ;i/oi(r  Inn- 
i'hen  1  wlk  throuixh  Ik 
uth'nig:  one  mnkts  slutts, 
lis  lohor.  I  S((.iy '"  iW>A 
I  can  nutke  a  how  or  tit\ 
\f  Uifse  is  of  ami  use  h  rf. 
,"     "  Old  age,  eomrs  oh," 

vsekss  lo  the.  whiks,  nnd 
)» 

»iinp«'8  to  whom  this  rliiif 
Koskiusko.    This  «iM 
It  wluni  tlir  hitter  went 
)hli(ir"  anil  jmlrioi  |irc- 
paiit  rol)o  mudc  ol'  sta- 
irs, 

■si(hMiC(',  hut  11  sliorl  tune 

Iniifil  States.    MisjiM'- 

•{'.  of  our  unlion.    'I'l  i' 

till*  i;:u«'  of  his  ticMih: 

(•(•h!briitt'(l  Miiimi  ilii  I', 

^  ,,„.^.H_l>,.rhaiisih('iv  IS 

'ui«lu'(l  ill  fouiu'il  lui'l  111 

lUlt,  because  lie  elios'  lo 

less.    Tiie  iiireiit  fm;  ln- 

nml  other  murks  ul  (lis- 

inrestli-  // ,lm.T;,;w,  ii.  l"'-'- 
.  ,„iil  lie  .leiii.-^^.  (itiVr   :v.iii; 
„f\vli;il  t'lirisiiiiiis  call  /''|'!'. 
,n,  on  tlie  "IIht  Wm<\,  ni,\US 
,wiil>ulieti)fl'hiisiiai)ity. 

s  ill  ima.  wlio  is  imMiiiontMl  m 
vs.  Tl.e  l>i'''s»tr<'  ii' ')»  ""'•! 
,"„  of  lim.l  oil  llic  soiull  siilc  ol 
j)»  TrCiUies,  314. 


CllA''. 


IV 


IILUK  JACKET. 


70 


■:■ 


liiietioii  rtiiile«l  to  his  ehnriieter."  lie  \v«h,  ^'eiierally,  in  hJH  time,  Htyled  tho 
Jh'ssissiifro  I'hiel'/  aiiil  a  <;entltiiiaii  who  xaw  him  soon  alhjr  iSV.  Cliiir\i  ilo 
fifflt,  at  iNloiitreal,  sayn  he  wa.s  six  I'rvt  liij,'h,  "altout  '1.1  years  of  af^e,  of  a 
vii'v  sour  and  nioiose  eouMtciiair.'e,  and  apparenlly  very  cratty  and  .snhtit'. 
IIJH  dress  was  Indian  nioeeasius,  a  hhie  |»etlieoat  that  eaiim  halfway  down 
jij!!  thi^dis;  an  l'!uro|)ran  waistcoat  and  surtout ;  ids  head  was  houmi  with 
p:,  Iniliou  cap  that  hiini;  hi  If  way  down  his  l)a<-k,  and  almost  entirely  tilled 
HJtli  plain  silver  broaches,  to  the  numbrr  of  iiior(>  than  ^00;  hi;  had  two 
I'lir-niijfH  to  each  ear,  tiie  upper  part  of  each  was  liiriried  of  three  silver 
iiiimImIs,  about  the  si/e  of  a  dollar;  tin;  lower  part  was  t(>rmed  of  (piarterti 
III' (lollars,  and  ft\ll  more  than  I'i  inches  from  his  ears— one  from  (;ach  ear 
o\ri'  his  hrea.st,  the  other  over  his  hack  ;  he  had  three  viiry  larf^e  nose  jewels 
111' .silver,  that  were  curii.usly  pelnted.  'I'lii;  account  he  f,'ave  of  tin;  action 
with  the  Americans,  4  Nov.)  was,  that  they  killed  1400 of  them,  with  the  loss 
111' nine  only  «)f  their  |)arly,  oni'  of  whom  killed  himstdf  by  a<'cident."  Tho 
|icrsoii  who  fjave  this  accoimt  sjud  this  chief  was  in  Canada  lor  the  purposo 
nf  raisiiij;  all  the  Indian  <<>rce  he  could  to  ^^o  out  again  in  the  spring  against  tho 
whites. 

Mr.  Dawson  relates  a  pleasant  anecdote  of  fAlllr-lurlle,  which  happened 
nliiie  he  was  sitting  tiir  his  portrait  in  I'hiladelphia.  A  native  of  tho 
tiiiierald  Isle  was  sitting  llir  his  at  the;  same  time;,  who  prided  himself  u|ioii 
liisaiiilily  at  joking.  Liltlr-lurlk  was  not  buckwjird  in  the  same  business, 
ami  they  passed  several  meetings  very  jdea saiitly.  Oiu;  tnorning,  IjHUk- 
Urlk  (lid  not  take  iimch  notict;  of  his  friend,  and  st^Mued  rather  sedatt;, 
niiiiii  wits  construed  by  tin;  Hibernian  into  an  lu'kiiowledgment  of  victory 
Millie  part  of  the  cliief,  in  their  joking  game,  and  accordingly  began  to 
iuliiiinte  as  much.  When  Lilllc-lurllc.  understood  him,  he  said  to  the  'iiter- 
jiri'lt'i',  "  i/c  viistakcs  ;  /  wn,i  jiisl  thinking  of  pmjiosinfr  to  this  m'tn,  to  ji<:iit  iw 
Mh  uii  one  hoard,  and  llinr.  I  would  stand  face,  lo  face  ivilh  him,  and  hlackguurd 
}im  U)  nil  dcrnitif.^^ 

.\iiioiig  llu;  chiefs  associated  in  command,  in  the  wars  of  which  wv.  huvo 
been  speaking  with  the  liunoiis  JMishikinakwa,  was  another  of  nearly  e(|iiul 
nnti',  tiiiniliurly  called  Jilnr-Jarkrl  by  the;  whites,  but  by  liis  own  nation,  H'e- 
p^mrse.nwaw.  He  was  the  most  distinguished  clfKd'  of  the  Shawanese,  and 
ivi'liearof  him  at  l''ort  Industry,  on  tin;  iVIiami  of  the  J^ake,  us  lat*;  as  1^05. 
By  .><(iiiie  |)articular  arrangement,  the  chief  command  s(;eins  to  have  devolved 
oil  liiiii  of  opposing  (ieneial  H'aifnt:  He  was  more  bloody  and  |»n!eipiUilo 
limii  Mishikinakwa,  and  |iossessed  less  dis(;rimination  and  judgment.  He 
wiisiniioiig  tlu!  last  of  the  chitds  who  came  in  to  treat  with  (iemral  Wmpit. 
Tlii'  Shawanese  held  out  as  long  as  they  con!-',  anti  ciune  in  very  slowly. 
Oil  till' '24  .lime,  a  boy,  who  had  beiii  a  ca))tive  ani'iig  them,  (having  been 
latch  ieliiken,)coiilideii'lyas,serted  that  the  ShawaiH-se  would  not  makepeace. 
Bui  one  nionlh  alter, 'ili.!  Illy,  Hlw-Jurkd  made  his  appearance,  and  it  wusdiily 
Doiii'ed  hy  a  giMilleman  at  the  time,  who  kept  a  journal  of  important  matters 
al  (iiceiiville.  He  then  i,  .ds,  "  deputations  trom  all  the  lute  hoaiile  tribi.'S 
north  of  the  Ohio  are,  coiiseipit'iitly,  now  at  this  place,"t 

We  find  this  notice  of  l»lue-jaeket  in  August,  I7!>!i.  "By  a  gentleman  im- 
niPiiiately  from  Montreal,  we  hiiirn  that  about  four  wecjks  since,  the  famous 
liiiliaii  partisan,  known  by  the  iianie  of  ('aptain  fUue-Jacket,  was  at  Detroit, 
Willi  ahoiit  '2000  men,  waiting  for  the;  Aiiierieans  to  come  out  into  the  woods: 
iii.^  helieved  at  Moiitii'id,  that  in  case  the  Americans  do  not  go  out,  they 
will  he  divided  into  small  particss  to  hariiBs  our  frontiers."]:  The  tribes 
nliii'h  furnished  warriors  to  ojipose  the  AnHuicuns  were  the  Wyandots, 
Miainis,  I'ottowattomies,  Delawares,  Shawanese,  ChijipewnyH,  Ottawiiys, 
ami  ii  li'w  Senecas.  Blue-Jacket  was  the  director  and  leader  of  this  mighty 
barnl  (if  warriors. 

Ill  the  treaty  of  a}>  Septeinlxir,  1817,  at  the  "  Foot  of  the  Ru[)id8"  of  the 
Hiiiiiii  of  the  Lukes,  with  the  Wyundots,  Senecus,  I)«;luwares,  Shuwaiiese, 


'n^HI 


Ii  (ki 


rl<er  coiiiplcxiuii  than 


'  Tliosi"  cil'tliis  irilie  ill  llie  viciiiiiv  of  Lake  Omiirio.  are  of  a  nun 
Iteollu'i  Imliaiis  ol'llie  west.      MVA/,  Travels  la  Aiiiericn,  l')\. 
t  Sco  EUiot's  Works,  Ml,  1 1.'2.  }:  Carey's  IMuueuiii,  .\li.  113. 


V9i  *  I 


f',  •  Ai 


80 


WAYNF/S  ViLTOIlY  AT  MIAMI. 


f^lH'K    V 


&LC.  tlinro  is  n  |miafjni|)Ii  uiiicli  it  is  prosijuied  ha.-  rcrcrcnci:  U>  ".  (Iaii>'litnr 
of  tills  ciru;!;  It  ;iro|)<isfs  to  f,'ivo  ^''Vn  JVancif  Sk.nnrt,  tl.n:;!.  ■  j  tliHutn 
fc^liauaiicr  cliii'l'  IHut-Jiirkd,  oik!  scoticMi  of  land,  to  ^'oirain  six  liiindn-.  and 
4i)  i(  R's,  on  tlu!  (iic.t  iMianii  river  hclow  liuwislotvn.  t.,  iis-li  il(.  |hm-  ;ir  sent 
iinprovcniriits,  tiinn!  (iiiartcrs  of  tin;  said  scctioii  to  Ins  on  lii.  fi^  j,;_  ^j,|,.  .. 
tilt!  river,  and  o\w  ipiarter  <■:•  tlu;  N.  W.  side  lliei-eof."* 

From  tlie  time  (ieneral  .SY.  C!ulr  was  deliiated,  in  1 7!) I,  inn ri lets  were  con- 
tinued n|mii  tiie  frontier,  and  all  iSttemjUs  on  the  part  of  goveriiinent  to  etli-ct 
a  peaee,  proved  of  no  avail ;  and  lastly  tlio  ambassadors  sent  to  tliem  wi  ro 
mnrdcred,  and  tliat  too  wliilc  tlu;  army  was  progressing  towards  their 
coimtry. 

Alter  hiiildiiig  Kort  (Jreenvillc,  upon  tlio  Miami,  six  miles  above  For*  Jef. 
ferson,  (Jenenil  ff'ai/nr  took  possession  of  tlu;  ground  wlien^  (ieiiertil  St 
Clair  iiad  been  defeated,  and  there  ereeted  u  fort,  to  which  he  gave  i'h;  naiiu' 
of  Ueeovery,  in  wiiirh  the  army  sp(!iit  the  wint(!r  A'  J7!i;j-4.  Manv  i  msiiits 
•wen-  passed  u|ion  tiu!  gi^neral  for  bis  slow  |)rogress ;  but  ho  knew  nnirji 
better  what  be  was  doing  than  newspaper  writei-s  did  what  thev  were 
writing,  wbeii  they  imdertook  to  eensiire  him,  as  tiie  (ivent  jiroviid. 

Jt  was  the  1^  August,  17!I4,  wiieii  the  army  arrived  at  the  coiifluencp  of  tlie 
rivers  Au  (jilaize  and  IManmee,  where  tbey  built  Fe/t  Defianee.  It  was  the 
general's  design  to  have  nu't  tiie  enemy  im|)repared,  in  this  move;  imt  a 
f(>ll()\v  deserted  his  i-amp,  iinil  iiotiticd  tin;  Indians.  He  now  tried  a'r,'iiii  lo 
bring  lliem  to  an  accommodation,  and  from  the  answers  whidi  Ik;  received 
i'rom  them,  it  was  some  u\\\v  revolved  in  his  mind,  whether  tlicy  were  liir 
])cace  or  war;  so  artful  was  the  niamier  in  wlfu-h  their  replies  were  fbriiicil.t 
At  length,  being  fully  salistied,  he  marched  down  the  Maninee,  and  ariived 
at  the  rapids,  18  August,  two  days  beliire  the  batth;.  His  ;iriiiy  consisted  of 
upwards  of  MOOO  men,  '^(lUO  of  whom  were  regulars.  Fort  Deposit  was 
erected  at  this  place,  for  the  security  of  t\\v\r  sup|tlies.  Tin  v  now  set  out  to 
meet  tiie  enemy,  who  had  chosen  bis  position  upon  the  iiiiii'',  of  the  river 
with  much  judgment.  Tbey  had  a  breastwork  of  fallen  ir<*s  in  tiont,  and 
the  high  rocky  shore  of  tlu;  rivtir  gave?  them  much  secnritj,  as  also  did  ihe 
thick  wood  of  l*res(p)e  Isle.  Tiieir  li)rce  was  divi(''<l,  and  disposed  at 
suppiiriing  distances  iiir  about  two  miles.  When  the  Amerit-aiis  had  jinivcd 
at  pro|)rr  distance,  n  body  was  sent  out  to  begin  th»>  aitack,  "  with  oidcis  ki 
rouse  the  enemy  ti'om  their  covert  with  the  bayenet ;  and  when  up, todelivir 
a  clos(  tin;  upon  tluur  backs,  and  press  them  so  bard  as  not  to  gfve  thcinliincti) 
reload."  {  Tliis  order  was  so  well  executed,  and  tin  battle  ri  tlm  |)oint  ol'alt.nk 
so  short,  that  only  about  !!()()  Americans  particijiated  in  it.  IJiit  tiny  |)iirsiiii| 
the  Indians  with  great  slaughter  through  tin;  woods  to  Tort  Maimiee,  ^hcie 
the  carnage  ended.  TIk!  bi ''fins  were  so  ni;e\iiecti'dly  driven  from  llicir 
Strong  iiidd,  tbjit  their  nun  -  ■<-.-  fn\\  increased  their  disU'css  and  confusion^; 
and  ilic  cavalr\  made  hoi..ii,!  lavoc  among  them  with  tlK^ir  long  salircs. 
Of  the  Americans,  there  wei.-  killed  and  wounded  about  |:{0.  The  loss  of 
the  Indians  could  not  Ih*  ascertained,  but  must  liav(!  been  \(>ry  severe.  'Ilii; 
American  loss  was  cliit>fly  at  the  commencement  of  the  action,  as  llicy 
advanced  upon  the  mouths  of  the  Indians'  ritU's,  who  could  not  lie  scciiiiiiiil 
they  had  discharged  U|>on  them.  Tiiey  maintained  their  coverts  liiitaslioH 
time,  being  forc«Ml  in  every  direction  by  the  bayonet.  But  until  that  \viis 
eftecteil,  the  Americans  iidl  fiist,  and  wo  only  wonder  that  nieii  coiilil  hi 
found  thus  to  advance  in  the  liice  of  certain  death. 

Till-  horrid  catasirophe  in  our  Indian  annals  is  chargeable  to  certain  while 
ineii,  or  at  least  maiidy  so ;  for  some  days  before  the  battle,  d'eneral  /f^'//;/- 
Bent  a  Hag  of  truce  lO  them,  niul  desired  them  to  come  and  treat  with  him. 
Tln!  letter  which  he  sent  was  taken  to  ('olonel  .WAVc,  who,  it  appears,  «,■•■. 
their  ill-advi.ser,  and  he,  by  putting  a  fidse  construction  upon  it,  increased  dn 
rage  of  the  Indians:  he  then  infoimed  them  that  they  must  l()rtliwith  lirl)' 
the  AmeriiNui  army.  Some  of  the  chiefs,  learning  the  truth  of  the  letter,  were 
for  jieace  ;  but  it  was  too  late.  LiUlt-larlle  was  knowti  U)  have  liecn  in  tiivor 
of  making  peace,  and  seemed  well  awan;  ol"  the  abilities  of  the  Aimricaii 


*  In  iiiin 'I'realics, 'JO.  t  jl''""-'/'"/''*  Wasliiiigtoii,  v.  481.  ed.  llo.         I  Schookrajl, 


(I<(»'K    V 

nre  to  ".  riliugliter 

jl:i!lii';-  0.  the  late 
111  hIx  litiii(lr)'<  una 
iii'li-ild  Iter  ;ir  sent 
\  ll".,  S,  J'l.  hid'-  of 

nnirdcin  wcro  cdn- 
;ovi-rmiifiit  toctrcn 
soul  to  tlioiii  wcni 
sing  towards    tluiir 

Ics  ahovo  For'  Jcl'- 
wlierc  (itMicral  SI. 
['\\  lu!  fiavc  t'",  iiaiiK! 
$-4.    INIaiiy  i   msiiits 
lint  ho   knew  iinipli 
1(1  uliat    tlicy    wen; 
nit  jirovtMl. 
tlic  cimtliiciHT  ol'tlio 
)ctiaii('f.     It  was  llio 
in  tliis  move ;  hut  a 
•  now  tried  a^'iiiii  tn 
s  wliicli  li(i  received 
ictlier  tliey  were  for 
replies  \v(M'e  I'orined.f 
Manniee,  and  arrived 
lis  ai my  consi.-ted  ol' 
Foit    Deposit  wa» 
They  now  set  out  to 
li(\  liiiuk  of  tlie  river, 
en  trees  in  trout,  iiiid 
ctn'itj,  as  also  did  ilie 
ed,  and    disi)ose(l    at 


Cr^- v.] 


TIIAYANnWI    •«.,  OR  F.RANT. 


81 


It. 


I 


ieneinis  had  arrived 
aeU,  "  witii  orders  lo 
I  when  ii|),  to  deliver 
.■<i  fi'rve  ti.eiiiliaieti) 
!!i  the  point  ol'attark 
JJiit  they  pursued 
'ort  Maninee,  wlieie 
y  driven  t'roin  tlieir 
tress  and  eo'itusimi; 
ith    tlieir  lonjr  salires, 
)iit  1:10.     The  ioss()t' 
II  very  severe.    'I'lie 
the  aetion,   as  they    , 
)iild  not  lie  ,>ieeli  uiilil 
ir  eoverts  liiit  a  slmii 
Hill   nntil  that  was 
|er  that  iiieii  eould  lie 

fealile  to  cortain  wiiitfl 
ivittle,  (ioneral  Mm/w 

>  and  treat  with  liln:. 
,  who,  it   appears,  was 

upon  it,  iiiereased  die 
k-  must  forthwith  li;;lif 
nith  of  the  letter,  were 

to  have  hecii  in  f»vor 

ities  of  the  Aiiierioau 


S-3 
'A' 


1.  llo.         \  Schookrajl. 


|-i,.ii',i,  liiU  biicii  wuH  tin*  iniliieiici!  of  traders  iiiiioiijL,'  tlicin,  tiiat  no  nrf^u- 

|. ill  i^rcvaii.     Tims,  iiiHtaiices    without  mmilior  iiKjj;lit  ho  ad  li'etMi, 

jiiBfC  tiit5se  ]M;ople  huvu  Ijcoii  dcstioyeii  by  placing  ooiitidoii-c  ia  tioceiviiiy 
I  fhite  iiiun. 

The  niglit  Iwfore  the  Imttlc,  thn  ciruils  ussoiiihlej  in  ouuncii,  and  somt;  pro- 

I  potit'd  attacking  the  army  in  its  orcampiioiit,  hut  tliu  |iro|iosal  vmH  olijoctud 

I  ijby  others;  fumliy  the  proposition  ol')ijf|iliiig  ut  I'resipie  Isle  prevuiled. 

Ill  this  buttle  ull  the  chiefs  of  the  VVyiuidots  wen;  killed,  being  nine  in 

jiuiiber.    Some  of  the  nutiuns  escaped  the  sluiigliter  by  not  coming  i:'»  iiiiti! 

jlliftlie  defeat.     This  severe  blow  satislied  the  western  Indians  of  the  folly 

,lloii},'er  (contending  against  the  Americans;  thuy  therefore  were  glad  to  g(!t 

(iliiit  terms  tiiey  could  irom  them.     Tln^  (diiels  of  twelve  tribes  met  comniia- 

iioiiersat  Fort  Greenville,;}  August,  17!>.j,  and,  as  a  price  of  their  peace, 

jave  up  an  extensive  tract  of  country  south  of  the  lakes,  and  west  of  the  Ohio ; 

jiidsiicli  other  tracts  as  com|»relien(led  all  the  military  posts  in  the  western 

^jrioii.    The  government  show(!d  sonu;  liberality  to  these  tribes,  on  their  re- 

:iii|aisiiing  to  it  what  tlusy  could  not  withi-   ';',  and  as  a  gratuity  gave  them 

i.OOO dollair  in  goods,  and  agitx-d  to  pay  them  DOOO  dollars  a  year  forever; 

S)bt' divided  among  those  tribes  in  proportion  to  their  numbers.* 


9t0ge 


CIIAPTEH  V. 

liii of  TiiAVK'snAnr.cK,  called  by  the  wliitc.i,  Bkant — His  education — Visits  Eng- 
Iml — Comwissioiiul  there — Hin  sister  a  coin/ianluu  to  Sir  \Vm  Juhnson — Jlis 
ktUr  to  the  Oneidas — Affair  with  Herkimer  at  Uundilla — Cuts  off  Herkimer  and 
2tlO  men  at  Oriskaim — Aaecduli.  of  Hirldmer — Burns  Sprini^field — Horrid  affair 
of  IVijuming — Incidents — Destroys  Cherry  Valley — Barbarities  of  the  tories — Sul- 
Imiiis  depredations  amonir  the  Five  A'ations — Brant  defeated  by  the  Americans  at 
}\neiowit — Destruction  oj  Minisink,  and  slauirliter  of  JOO  people — Destruction  of 
Httrpersfield — Brant's  letter  to  M'  Causland — Marriairc,  of  bis  dauifhter — Her  has- 
kml  killed — Brant  becomes  the  friend  of  peace — Visits  Philadelphia — His  marriagt 
-binds  granted  bim  by  the  king — His  death — His  son  John — Traits  of  character 
-One  of  his  sons  killed,  by  him,  in  an  attempt  to  kill  his  father — Account  of  Brant's 
mival  in  England — Sovic  account  of  his  children. 

Colonel  Joseph  Brant  was  an  Onondaga  of  the  Mohawk  tribe,  whose  In- 
dian imine  was  Thamndaneca,\  or  Ta\i(idanns;a,X  signifying  a  branl.^    But  as  ha 
5,L<  seldom  called  by  that  name  after  lit;  be(;ame  known  to  the  whites,  it  was 
reiierally  forgotten.     He  received  a  very  good  English  education  at  "Moor's 
I  fiiaiity  school,"  at  Lebanon,  in  Connecticut,  where  he  was  phuced  liy  Sir 
miam  Johnson,  in  July,  17t)l.     His  ag(!,  at  this  time,  we  have  not  learned. 
The  story  that  he  was  but  half  Indian,  the  son  of  a  German,  has  been 
Uitlely  spread,  but  is  denied  by  his  .son,  and  now  beli«;ved  to  lie  a  falsehood, 
.'iioiaiitly  circulated.     This  error  might  have  arisen  either  from  the  known 
tictotliis  being  of  rather  a  lighter  coiii|)h'.\i()n  than  his  countrymen  in  gem  ral, 
orl'idiii  his  having  married  a  woman  who  was  a  lialf-lire(jd.|| 
Braiit  went  to  England  in  1775,  in  tin;  beginning  of  the  great  revolutionary 
ii|iliire,  where  Ik;  was  received  with  attention,  and  doubtless  iiad  there  his 
I  aiiiiil  prepared  forthe  pai't  he  acted  in  the  memorable  struggle  which  ensued. 

'  The  lenns  of  this  treaty  ■  ere  llie  same  as  were  ofTered  to  tlicm  before  the  haule,  wiiioli 
Willi  be  mcmioncd,  its  p.ddiim  materially  to  our  gooil  fceliag^  towards  its  aiUliors.  It  is 
{ffl.'mlly  (leiumiiiialcd  Wayne's  treaty,     ft  is  worthy  of  him. 

t  ('«.;"/'.?  Museum,  V.  18.  X  Annals  Tryon  County,  15. 

j  (iciiera'ly  wrillca  Brandt  by  Uiosc  v/ho  arc  unacquainted  with  the  meaning  of  his  In- 
biinainc, 

iili  has  hciii  mentioned  to  me  by  a  g-eiiilenian,  (the  editor  of  Washington's  VVkitinos,) 
ilallic  had  ii  i  doul  t  ot  die  fact  that  Brunt  was  die  ve;/  of  Sir  William  Juhnson.  I  am  not 
iiliilicil  upon  (he  subject,  uid,  llieret'ore,  note  tht;  opiiiiun  of  cue  which  claims  primary  con- 
liiltriilion  on  all  siihj.'cts  conuecled  with  our  history.  Tim  only  author,  that  1  recollect,  who 
ins  circulated  n  i    ni- ;'  ipiaiou  of  lliis  kiud,  is  Chapman.    See  Hiit.  Wyoming,  121. 


11: 


82  r.nwv  .v.kkts  Tiir,  AMKiMr.vNs  at  iinadii.i.a.     [Book  v. 

H(i  liiiil  II  r(il()iifrs  CDmiiiission  in  llif  I'!ii);lisli  iirmy  ii|i(iii  tlii>  rniiiticrs  wliid 
onh;  islcil  (»rsiicli  (tl'ili,'  Six  NiilidiiH  aixl  lories,  us  took  |mrl  iijiainsl  tin'-  nun 
trv.  <i'.'!H'r!il  Sir  ICillinm  Jtiliiison  uiis  iip-iil  nl' liidiaii  alliiiis,  ami  laid  ■■^iciiilv 
iiii:ralint('il  lii.iisciruilo  the  I'slcnii  <it'tln'  Si\  Naliuiis.  Me  lived  at  t.  '"iilurn 
Hiiifi'  iiaiiied  t'niiii  liiiii,  ii|iiiii  the  iinrtli  iiaiik  nj'  the  IMnhawk,  alMiiil  |()  |||j|,,a 
iVuiii  Alhaiiy.  Ileic  lie  iiiid  an  elcjfiim  seal,  and  would  ollcn  enteitaiii  seve- 
ral hniidrcds  of  his  red  iVieiids,  and  share  all  in  connnon  with  iheni.  '\'\„'v 
no  iiiiieh  respected  him,  that,  notwithstanding'  ilu-y  had  the  full  lihcrty  of  ijg 
lioiise,  yet  they  wonld  lake  iiolliiii<r  that  diti  not  heloiif,'  to  llieiii.  Th",.  hitt,,. 
to  rivet  their  esteem,  he  would,  at  eerlaiii  seasons,  aenmimodate  hiinscli' lo 
their  mode  of  dress,  and,  heiiif;  a  widower,  took  as  a  kind  of  eoin|iaiiinii  ^ 
Hister  of  Uroiii,  h\  the  iii;me  of  Mnlliif.  lie  had  reeeiveij  honors  and  einolu. 
iiMMils  Irom  the  IJritish  pivernment,  and  the  Indians  received  also,  tliniii.r|J 
liis  afj;eiiey,  every  tliiii},'  which,  in  iheir  opinion,  conduced  to  their  han|iiii,ss 
lichce  it  is  not  strange  that  they  should  hold  in  the  i^reatest  reveiencc  \\m 
name  of  their  "jjival  tiither,"  the  kin<r,  and  think  \\n\friv  reliels  who  o|i|iiisii| 
his  ijilhority,  when  tli(>  revohilion  liefiaii,  most  iiiifrrateliilly  wicked,  ami  im. 
Avor.hv  all  mercy.  Sir  h'Ulinm  diod  in  1771,  ahonl  ii  year  heliire  the  Imttli- 
of  Hunker's  I lill." 

The  HiiUcrif,  John  and  ll'alln;  whose  names  are  associated  w  ith  the  recojli.c. 
tion  of  the  horrid  liarlmrilies  ui»on  I'herry-valley  and  Wyominj;,  lived  at  ('iui:j||. 
newajrii,  fonr  miles  south-easterly  fniiii  the  villaj^e  of  J<»hiistoii,  and  ii|i(iii  dm 
same  side  of  the  iMoliawk. 

in  1775,  in  a  letter  lo  the  Oneidas,  our  chief  snhscrihcs  himself  "spcict.ii-v 
to  (lull  Johnson.'"  This  was  nirly  in  the  siinmier  of  that  year,  and  heiici'  h\> 
vp^  immediaiely  fwm  Mn^lanii.  Coloifel  (hiif  Johnson  was  soii-iii-la\v  of 
Sir  HilHam.  The  letter  was  found  in  an  Indian  path,  and  was  supposed  to 
have  been  losf  by  the  jiorson  who  was  intrusted  with  it.  It  was  in  tjie  Mo- 
hawk lani,Miaire,  the  translation  of  which  commences  thus:  "  fyrillcn  at  V,ny 
tfOlmson's,  .Mni/,  1775,  This  is  ifour  letter,  i/ou  f^real  ones  or  sitchnns.  d'ny 
J»)hnson  smfs  he  will  he  if/m/ ;/'  i/ou jc't  Ihis  inlelUvcenre,  j/on  Oncidits,  how  it  i;itis 
with  him  now.  ami  he  in  now  more  certain  roncerntne;  the  intention  of  the  Ih.ilnti 
people.  Guy  Jolinson  is  in  s;reatjear  ofbein^  taken  prisoner  by  the  Bostoniant. 
}f\  Mohawks  are  nblitfed  to  watrh  him  constantly,''^  \e. 

Alh'r  this,  7^7t»i/  accompaj  d  Guy  Johnson  when  ho  fled  to  Canada.  Tlio 
two  liutUrs  were  dso  in  the  train.  IJeinjj;  now  in  a  placo  of  safety,  and  iho 
ineans  in  their  liunds,  plots  of  destruction  were  put  in  cxccutioil  in  ra|ii(| 
succession. 

Havinjj  liad  some  disnireomont  with  Johnson,  Brant  rnni»>  ajraiii  to  the 
fnmtiers,  Son\e  of  th(>  peaceable  IMohawks  had  been  eonliiied,  to  prcvnit 
tlu'ir  dtiinsr  niiscliiel"  as  were  some  of  the  IMassaehnselts  Indians  in  I'liilip.i 
war.  Jirant  was  displeased  at  this,  for  he  said,  if  the  distant  Indians  slioiild 
roiiie  liowii,  they  would  destroy  them  indiscriminately  with  the  whites,  lie 
was  accompanied  by  a  band  of  70  or  HO  warriors,  who,  in  their  riiiiililts, 
visited  rnatliHa.  w  here  ihey  assendiled  the  inhabitants,  and  told  tlniii  tliiit 
they  stood  in  need  of  provisions,  and  if  they  did  not  jjive  them  soiiii',  tii  y 
si"  old  lake  it  by  force;  a  refusal,  therelore,  would  liave  becMi  worse 'iiaii 
useless.  Hrant  furtlier  (diserved,  "  th'tt  their  a^j^reenirnt  wilh  the  kins;  was  .f/ni/.'ir, 
aiul  thill  they  were  not  such  rillains  as  to  break  their  covenant  wilh  /ii'm."  (iciiiTiil 
ik'rliimtr  marched  up  to  Inadilla,  in  .Inly,  with  HHO  men,  where  he  lluiiul 
/>•.';»  uiili  D^Oof  his  warriors.  Here  he  had  an  interview  wilh  him,  iiiwliii'li 
l.e  lied!  the  following;  laiiiriiage  : — "  77i«/  the  Indians  were  in  concert  wilh  Ik 
kinir^  II,:  their  fathers  and  p;randfalh(rs  had  been.  That  the  kin!>:\'i  belts  w:re  jiii 
lod::cd  ii''h  them,  and  they  could  not  falsify  their  pledtre.  That  (lenenil  llcrki- 
luer  aw'  'he  rist  bail  joined  the  Boston  people  aacitinst  their  ^i;??.  That  Boston 
people  were  resnluii,  but  the  kin<^-  would  hundde  them.  That  .'/r.  Schiiyit'r. or 
general,  or  what  you  please  to  call  him,  a^as  very  smart  on  the  Iwlians  at  the  innhj 
at  (tirman  hidts ;  but  was  not,  at  the  same  time,  able  to  afford  them  Ihv  snuilhsl 
art  ie  of  eloihins-  That  the  Indians  had  formerly  made  war  on  the  u-hite  projik 
all  nited  ;  and  now  Ih'y  were  divulcd,  the  Indians  were  not  friu:hlined.''^  ''oloiiol 
Car,  who  accompanied  Hirkimcr,  said,  if  war  was  his  doterMiinalioii,  tlie 
matter  was  ended.     Brant  then  spoke  to  his  warriors,  and  they  shouted,  and 


>l     .141 


cur.  V.l 


HRANT— IJA'ni.r,  <)i'  nillSKANA. 


83 


Piiitotlu'ir  pliicr  oC  fiicnnipiiK'iit,  sci/cd  their  iinns,  (ii.  il  nr-vcral  {runs,  and, 

siVr  jriviiifT  lln'  \Mir-\vlMi<i|i,  nliiincd  in  wiiilikc  iiniiy.     (i.inriil   llirkimn 

1,11  told  Itritnt  hv  did  no)  idhh-  to  ti^lit,  mid  llic  rliid'  iiiiiliitiird  Dm-  his  nicii 

iri'iiiain  <|iiirt.     i'frha|is,  as  a  wnrihy  author  ultsrrvcd   ii|ii)n  a  traiis.'iriion 

1 /'/ii/i/''.'»  >var,  it    iH   hcllcr  to  omit   the  cause  ol' the   condiiet    oC   Hrrkimir, 

1 1|,„||  too  eritieally  to  iiKjiiire  into  it.     Ilisiiii>ii  vastly  oiitniiiiihered  the  liidiaiiH, 

'lority  \vaHaiii|t|e ;  hut   his  motives  were   no  (hiiiht    piire,  and    his 


iitl 


i  iiiil  II'**  ... 

,.oiii'a;;e  must  not  now  he  railed  in  )|iieslioii,  as  will  a|i|iear  from  what   is  to 

k. irliited.     To  |iiil  the  most   tiivorahle  eoiislnietion   ii|)oii   his  iie<;leetiii;r  lo 

Urciik  tlowii  the  power  of  ///•((»/,  is  to  suppose  tliat   he  was  impressed   with 

ill,' Iti'lief  that  the   Indians  would  not  join  with  the   l']ii;.disli   in  committing 

blili'"'**  i  il' this  weri!    tlu^    case,  he   ton  late    discovered  tins  error  of  his 


11"' 


IlllllCllt. 


Micr  tli<^  j,'eiieral  liati  said  that  he  d'ulnot  romv  lojifflil,  nmiit,  with  an  air  of 
|iiirtaiii"e,  said,  "  1/  ifoiir  purpouc  is  wir,,  I  am  riailji  for  yon."  A  tempest, 
nliiclM'iiine  lip  suddenly,  sepj  .ated  the  parties,  and  each  retired  peaceahly. 
This  is  said  to  he  the  last  talk  held  hy  any  of  the  Americans  with  the  Six 
\;iH(iiis,  previous  to  iioslilities,  except  with  the  Oneidasj  all,  huvo  a  very 
;»  of  whom  remained  neutral. 

Tiiwiiiils  the  autumn  of  this  year,  (1777,)  Uranl  was  tiiKier  the  direction  of 
liHial  SI.  l'ri!C>r,  wlio  detached  him  with  a  considerahie  hody  of  waniorH 
rllii'  investment  of  l''ort  Stanwix.  Colonel  UtiHir  was  eommander-in  chief, 
uliii  hand  of  toiies.  The  inhahitants  in  the  valley  of  tln^  IMohawU  diter- 
iiiii'd  to  march  for  the  relief  of  (JoIoik-I  (Innncvoort,  who  commanded  tho 
ifi,  wliicii  they  did,  in  two  re<timents,  with  (Jen  -ral  llirklmvr  at  their  hi  ad. 
\<is  usual  with  militia,  they  marched  in  ^'reat  disorder, :ind  when  the  ireiie- 
-1! niilcred  scoiitiii^j  parlies  to  march,  as  security  ajrainst  surprise,  upon  tlicj 
JiiKs  of  the  main  hody,  they  accused  him  with  cowanlice,  wiiicli,  most 
;iii\aiTaiitahly,  had  more  intluein-e  upon  his  mind,  than  the  satety  of  his 
A  eatastroplii  ensued,  which,  thou<i:li  not  so  momeiitoiis  in  that  day, 
las  that  of  Ltthrop  in  l(!7(>,  nor  so  cumph-ie  n  vii  t;»ry  on  the  part  of  iht; 


iriiiv. 


IIIIIH, 


yet  it  was  a  st-ven^  tijfht,  in  which  'iOO  Americans  were  slain.*     Tl 


It! 


iii'c 


of  attack  was  selected  hy  liranl  or  Hiithr,  and  was  a  ravine  of  a  hroatl 
<i!tHiii,  nearly  impassahle,  except  a  rou>,di  tnick  covered  with  lo<,'s  of  from 
'.'to  jTi  feet  in  h'li^tli,  laid  transversely,!  whi(;li  extended  across  it.  (ienrral 
!/r(mi'r  arrived  at  this  |»lace  .nhout  two  hours  he(i)re  mid-day,  Aiijiiist  (5. 
II  iiii^iit  reasonahly  have  expe<'ted  an  amliiisii,  hut  his  first  intimations  of 
>  vicinity  of  an  enemy  were  tll(^  territyin^'  yells  of  the  Indians,  and  the 
.;ll  iiiaiT  lastiii!,' impressions  of  their  rifles.  The  advancid  jriiard  were  all 
11  oil'.  Such  as  survived  the  first  i'uv,  were  hewn  down  with  the;  trmiahawk. 
Tiiit!iliil  causeway  was  semicircular,  and  lintnt  and  his  forces  occupied  the 


'<rroiiniiiiiir  n< 


iirht- 


Tlii'st!  are  the  |irin<'ipal  events  in  the  hattle  of  Oriskan 


Wiirircoii,  Dr.  .U(*frs  )'o»«ir/oi'r,  was  taken   prisoner  in  this  hattle,  and  atler 
-riiiiiii  from  cajitivity,  ho  wrote  a  poem  upon  tlie  uil'uir,  from  wliich  w(; 
Ititract  tlie  folluwiii}': — 


t;p-  ,^-J.- 


"Till'  liinr  iiiiil  pincc  of  our  luilinppy  (iijlil, 
To  voii  at  hirffc  wcri!  nccillcss  to  rciiic: 
W'Ih'ii  in  (he  wood  oar  (icrco  iiiliniitaii  (ncs, 
Willi  picrriii^  veil  from  oirrliiiif  juhImisIi  rose, 
A  siiililcu  vollcv  rciiils  llic  vaiilicil  sky  ; 
Tlicir  paiiitiMl  hollies  liiilcous  lo  tlio  eve, 
Tlicv  rusli  like  liollisli  Hiric-s  on  our  l>aml.s, 
Tlioir  slaui;lili'r  weapons  l^raiulisli'd  in  tlicir  hands." 

Riiiiiiiis:  down  from  every  direction,  they  prevented  tiic  two  regiments 

lif^iii  roiiiiin^  a   jnnetion,  one   of  th(!in   not   having;  ent<M'ed   t!ie  cniiseway ; 

Uiii  a  p.iit  ol"   the  assailants   fell    U|)on   those   witiiout,  and   »lie    remainder 

spoil  tjiosi- witiiiii  it.     TIk;  fornajr   fared  worse  than    tiie   latter,  for  in   such 

'  Tlii>ir  wliok"  loss  was  alioiil  l/VO,  savs  Marxhall,  \,\U-  W.isliiiiiftoM,  v.  ^lil. 
t  All  who  iiavi"  travelled,  even  williiii  a  few  vears,  in  iliis  pari   <i(    die  state   of  Now  York, 
I  mail  Imi  well  remember  the  "  Conluroij "  roads.     JSuili  was  ilie  road  over  tliis  memorable 

iniiie. 


84 


BRANT.— BATTLE  OF  ORISKANA. 


[Book  V.I 


Chap.  V.] 


DRA 


cases  a  fligJit  has  almost  always  l)«nn  a  diHiiml  defeat.  It  wus  now  th  1 
case.  Tho  other  regiment,  hemmed  in  as  they  were,  saw,  in  u  moment  J 
that, 

To  figlit,  or  not  lo  figlit,  was  death. 

They,  therefore,  back  to  back,  forming  a  front  in  every  direction,  fought  like! 
men  in  despair.    This,  Dr.  Younglove  thus  forcibly  depicts : —  1 

"  Now,  hand  to  hand,  the  contest  is  for  life, 
With  bay 'net,  tom'hawk,  sword,  and  scalping  knife: 
Now  more  remote  the  work  of  deatli  we  ply, 
And  thick  as  hail  the  show'riii^  bullets  fly ; 
Full  many  a  hardy  warrior  sinks  supine  ; 
Yells,  shrieks,  groans,  shouts  and  ihund'riug  volleys  join : 
The  dismal  dm  the  ringing  forest  fdls. 
The  sounding  echo  roars  along  the  hills." 

The  poet  thus  presents  to  our  view  the  attacking  parties : — 

"  Of  two  departments  were  the  assailing  foes ; 
Wild  savage  natives  lead  the  first  of  tliose; 
Their  almost  naked  frames,  of  various  dyes, 
And  rings  of  black  and  red  surround  their  eyes: 
On  one  siile  they  present  a  shaven  head ; 
The  naked  half  of  the  vermilion  red ; 
In  spots  the  party-color'd  face  they  drew, 
Beyond  description  horrible  to  view ; 
Their  ebon  locks  in  braid,  with  paint  o'crspread  } 
The  silver'd  ears  depending  from  the  head  ; 
Their  gaudry  my  descriptive  power  exceeds, 
In  plumes  of  feathers,  glitt'ring  plates  and  beads." 

He  thus  speaks  of  the  tories : — 

"  These  for  the  first  attack  their  force  unite, 
And  most  sustain  the  fury  of  the  fight  j 
Their  rule  of  warfare,  devastation  dire, 
By  undistinguish'd  plunder,  death  and  fire  ; 
The}'  torture  man  cuid  beast,  with  barbarous  rage, 
Nor  tender  infant  spare,  nor  rev'rend  sage." 

And  Butler  is  noticed  as  follows : — 

"  O'er  them  a  horrid  monster  bore  command. 
Whose  inauspicious  birth  disgrac'd  our  landj 
By  malice  urg'd  to  ev'ry  baro'rous  art ; 
Oil'  cruel  temper,  but  of  coward  heart." 

With  such  bravery  did  they  fight  in  this  forlorn  condition,  that  the  Indiam 
began  to  give  way  ;  and,  but  for  a  reinforcement  of  tories,  under  Major  Wat' 
son,  they  would  have  been  entirely  dispersed.*  This  reinforcement  is  tlim 
characterized  by  the  surgeon : — 

"  The  second  was  a  renegado  crew, 
Who  arm  and  dress  f  s  Christian  nations  do. 
Led  by  a  chief  who  bo.-c  the  first  command  j 
A  bold  invader  of  his  -lative  laud." 

The  sight  of  this  reiiiforcement  greatly  increased  the  rage  of  the  Anirri- 
cans.  It  was  composed  of  the  very  men  who  had  left  that  [wrt  of  the  coun- 
try at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  and  were  held  in  abhoironce  for  their 
loyalty  to  the  king.  Tiic  figlitM'an  roneweil  with  vigor,  and  thereinforci'iiient 
fought  also  with  bnivdry,  luitil  about  thirty  of  tlieir  number  were  killed 


*  Dr.  (lordon  say"  the  lories  and  Indians  got  into  a  most  wretched  confusion,  anH  foii?ht:f 
ono  another-,  and  that  the  latter,  ai  last,  tlioii<;ht  it  was  a  plot  of  the  whites  ou  both  sides,  ttJ 
get  Ihem  Into  that  situation,  that  they  might  cut  them  oiT. 


.Major  fVatsotu,  their 
tlie  battle-ground. 

Ill  the  mean  time, 

hIiIcIi  iiilbrmed  (.'o 

[niliei!  Colonel  Man 

romiiiiut  of  this  briiv 

;  irroniid,  and  rctm-iiet 

t'vt'ii''*  <»f'  tbe  buttle  ( 

i     (Jeiieral  Herkimer  i 

I  itsrommencemcnt,  I 

i  killed.    He  directed 

]  liiiiiself  upon  it,  cont 

;  to  a  plitce  of  greater 

3  [he  historian  of  Trj 

i  Iwltle,  he  very  dolibe 

pipe,  which  ho  smokt 

The  Indians,  as  we 

And  our  poet  writes, 

i  "  Such 

I  Our  SI 

By  tui 
And  c 

Mnfs  loss  being  abo 
ludiaus  exaggerated  ii 

"  Not  hi 
They  I 

The  Senecas  alone 
lied  .suffered  severely, 
surrs  been  apprized  o 
ravine,  which  cau.sed  t 
Colonel  Cox,  was  kille 
Cnmpbell  and  Major  f,'/ 

Tiie  scene  in  the  nij; 
Dr.  iounglove,  the  eye- 

"  Those 

And 

In  Venn 

For  tor 

And  thr 

A  fellov 

The  gu 

To  not 

But  nov 

And  for 

I  saw  tl 

The  SOI 

Im|)lor'( 

Since  m 

With  I 

(While 

'Gn! 

'And  fo 
For  hell 
With  sii 
Willi  ho 
While  ii 
Dread 
To  think 

The  poet  next  descril 
groinid;  and  then  thus 


CHAr.  V.l 


BRANT.— ANE(^UOTE  OF  GEN.  IIERKLMER. 


♦ 


the  Indians 

Major  JVd- 

nent  is  thus 


Major  IVcUson,  their  louder,  wa.s  wounded  and  tuken  prisoner,  hut  left  upon 

(iic  battle-ground. 
In  the  mean  time,  General  Herkimer  had  ffot  forward  to  the  fort  an  express, 

wliicli  informed  (^'olonel    Ganesvoort  of  his  situation.     He  inune-diatcly  dc;- 

uiclit'il  Colonel  Alniinus  Willet  with  '207  men,  wIkj  succeeded  in  rescuing  ihi- 

remnant  of  this  hrave  hand  from  destruction.     lie  heat  the  enemy  i'rom  the 

(rroiind,  and  returneil  to  the  fort  with  considerahlo  phnider.     Such  were  the 

events  of  the  hattle  of  Orisk^MU. 
(Jcneral  Herkimer  died  of  u  wound  which  he  received  in  this  fight.     Niai' 

ji(i  foninu'uceinont,  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  leg,  and  his  horse  was 

killed.    He  directed  his  saddle  to  he  placed  upon  u  little  knoll,  and  resting 
!  liiiiiscif  upon  it,  continued  wJ  issue  his  orders.     On  heing  advised  to  remove 

10 a  place  of  greater  safety,  he  said,  ".Vb — /  will  face  the  enemy  ;  "  und,  adds 
i  the  historian  of  Tryon  county,  "  In  this  situution,  and  in  tlie  heat  of  the 

buttle,  he  very  delihenitely  took  from  his  pocket  his  tinderhox,  und  lit  hid 

pipe,  whi(di  ho  smoked  with  great  composure." 
The  Indians,  us  well  as  the  Americans,  suffered  dreadfully  in  tliis  fight. 

.\nd  our  poet  writes, 

"  Such  was  the  l>loocIy  fight :  and  such  the  foe : 
Our  smaller  force  returiiM  them  blow  for  l)low  ; 
By  turns  successfully  ilieir  force  dcfy'd, 
And  conquest  wav'ring  secm'd  from  side  to  side." 

Branfs  loss  being  about  100  men  ;  we  are  inclined  to  think  the  loss  of  the 
Indiaus  exaggerated  in  these  lines: — 

"  Not  half  the  savages  returned  from  fieht ; 
Tiiey  to  their  native  wilds  had  sped  their  flight." 

The  Senecas  alone  lost  30,  and  the  tories  about  100.  The  regiment  which 
tied  siifFered  severely,  l)Ut  would  have  suffered  still  more,  had  not  their  pur- 
•ms  hoen  apprized  of  the  desperate  case  of  their  fellows  engaged  in  tho 
ravine,  which  ctiused  thcni  to  abandon  the  pursuit.  Tho  commanding  otticer, 
loloiifl  Cox,  was  killed,  and  theconunand  devolved  u])on  Lieutenant  Colonel 
(Campbell  and  Mujpr  Clr/de,  who  conducted  the  retreat. 

The  scene  in  the  night  following  the  battle  is  thus  strikingly  presented  by 
?:.  iounglove,  the  eye-witness : — 

"  Those  that  remaiii'd  a  long  encampment  made, 
And  rising  tires  illumin'd  all  the  shade  : 
In  vengeance  for  their  num'rous  brodiers  slain, 
For  torture  simdry  prisoners  they  retain  ; 
And  three  fell  monsters,  horril)le  to  view, 
A  fellow  pris'ner  from  the  sentries  drew ; 
The  guards  before  received  their  chief's  command, 
To  not  withhold  from  the  slaught'ring  hand  ; 
But  now  the  sufferer's  fate  they  sympathize, 
And  for  him  supplicate  with  earnest  cries. 
1  saw  the  general  *  slowly  passing  by, 
The  sergeant  on  his  knees,  with  tearful  eye, 
Implor'd  the  guards  mifi;ht  wrest  him  from  their  hands, 
Since  now  tho  troops  could  awe  their  Icsscn'd  bands. 
With  lifted  cane  the  gcn'ral  thus  replies, 
(While  indignation  sparkles  from  his  eyes:) 
'  Go  I  sirrah  !  mind  your  orders  giv'n  before  ! 
'  And  for  infernal  rel)cis  plead  no  more ! ' 
For  help  the  wretched  victint  vainly  cries, 
With  supplicating  voice  and  ardent  eyes  ; 
Willi  horror  cliili'd,  I  turn  aw<iy  my  face, 
While  instantly  they  bear  him  from  the  place. 
Dread  scene  I — wiifi  anguish  stung  1  inly  groan, 
To  think  the  next  hard  lot  may  be  my  own." 

The  poet  next  describes  his  dream,  in  which  he  was  carried  to  the  battle- 
ground; and  then  thus  opens  the  morning  scene: — 

*»  I  I  —1.—  ■—       ■       .-I— .■■I—  _  ..I.     I         I     ■!       I         »       —  ,       I— ^M^ 

»  Butler. 


•I 


[Book  V. 


80  imANT— DESTHUCTION  OF  CIIERRY-VAI-LEY. 

"  Wlien  snvii;;os,  for  liorriil  ^(porl  |>r<'|>nr"il, 
DriiiiiMcl  iiiiiiiImt  pris'iirr  Iriiiri  llit-  f^iiiird, 
'tVi-  saw  llicir  I'ciir'il  iiiiproucli,  widi  innrlul  iVif^lil, 
'I'lK'ir  ^<'iil|)iii(r-kiiivi's  llicy  '•liiiriiciiM  jti  mir  nii-ht, 
Kt'Niilc  llif  ^iiii.-il  (lii-y  ><>t  llicni  (111  III!'  ^nxiiKl, 
And  vii'w'd,  Willi  iiicrciiiH'i'.Vfs,  iIk!  prisoners  round." 

"  At  kMiglli,  one  risiiifr  seized  me  liy  (he  linnd  ; 
lly  him  driivvn  t()rlh,  on  tremlihiijr  knees  I  slund ; 
I  liid  my  lellows  nil  a  loii;;  iiilieii, 
Widi  imsweriiif;  fjrief,  my  wrelche<l  ease  lliey  view. 
'I'liev  led  me  lioimil  aloii^  (lie  windiiif^  flood, 
l''arlii  the  t;loomy  liosom  of  (ho  wood  ; 
Thi-re,  (horrid  siifht!)  n  pris'ner  roasied  lay, 
The  enrving-kiiile  had  cut  \iU  llcsh  away.'' 

After  ciidiiriii^  ovory  tiling  l)iit  deutli  in  liiH  captivity,  Dr.  Yoiinglove  rttturn.-l 
honio  ill  Hiifi'ty. 

Ill  I77H,  Ji  lort  wiis  i)iiilt  at  Clicrry-vnllcy,  wlicre  rumilics  lor  eonsidcnihlo 
extent  ulioiit  took  ti|»  tlieir  uImmIc,  or  retired  occiisionidly  H)r  siilitv.  liiunt 
inteiidtMl  to  dentroy  tiiis,  and  eanie  into  tli*;  nei^diliorliood  for  liii>  |)(ir|ioNi< 
It  liapiieiied  tliiit,  at  the  tinii!  lie  eliose  to  niaki;  tin;  discoviiry  o.t'  tjie  sti'eiii;t|i 
oftlie  frarri.^ion,  the  hoy.s  were  a.ssenihii'd  in  a  trainiii;.r,  with  wooden  irmiH 
for  aiiiii.-<enieiit :  not  hiiviiif,'  a  clear  view  of  them  from  the  folin;,'e  of  tin  nees 
which  intervened,  Untnt  tho(i;,'ht  them  to  Im;  mrn.  It  wiin  his  deMi;;ii  to  Imvi; 
made  the  attack  the  followiii<r  ni^dit ;  iiiil  on  this  dis(Miv*>ry,  he  <rjivr  un  t||i> 
dcMijrn.  lie  still  remained  in  llw;  niij,dil)orhood  ;  secreted  heliiiid  ii  iiufie  niclc 
niiiir  tilt!  main  road  to  the  iMohawk,  and  ahoiit  two  mileu  iiortii  of  the  liiri  in 
the  valley.  Here  he  waited  to  intercept  some  unwary  |iassiii;.'er,  and  "iiin 
more  certain  iiitellij^ence.  Near  this  pliici;  is  tlic!  little  cascadt.'  called  liy  tlie 
natives,  Teknhiiniiva.  Tin'  iiihahitaiiis  of  the  valley  were  in  expectation' of  ^ 
comiiaiiy  of  siddiers  fi'oni  the  Mohawk,  to  reiiilorce  them,  and  tlie  same  d.iv 
Fiieutc'iaiit  h'onnivooil  eaiiie  from  thence,  and  informed  them  that  Coioin"! 
Ktocfk  would  arrive  the  ik  \t  day  with  the  party.  Near  nii^ht  he  set  out  to 
return,  accompanied  hy  out;  Peter  .Si'/:,  the  hcurer  of  some  desjiatciies.  ili; 
was  a  yoiiiiff  oUicer,  of  line  personal  appearance,  and  was  to  return  tlie  next 
day  with  one  of  the  coiiipiinies  of  soldiers.  Jle  had  hieii  out  of  sijiiit  Inn  ,i 
few  minutes,  when,  as  lit^  jiassed  the  amliiisii  of  lirnnl,  his  warriors  liitil 
upon  him,  and  he  fell  fnun  his  horse.  'I'he  chi(;f,  springintr  ti-oni  his  liiilini'. 
piuce,  tomahawked  him  with  his  own  hands.  IVnrmwoud  and  his  coinpaniim 
were  nrdenul  to  stand,  hut  not  cdieyiiifr,  occasioned  iIk  ir  heiii^  tired  iipun. 
limul  was  actpiainted  with  I/Miiteiiaiit  fVonnwood  lieUxe  the  war,  and  .ilh  r- 
w.irds  expressed  sorrow  at  his  tiite,  pretending;  that  he  took  him  to  he  a  coii- 
tinental  otiicer.  His  horse  immediately  nmniii^  hack  to  the  fort,  wiili  IiIikhI 
upon  the  .saddle,  ifave  some  indicution  of  what  had  huiijiened.  Ili.s  coinjiiin- 
ioii,  Sitz,  was  taken  prisoner. 

In  June,  the  same  .summer,  lirant  came  iijion  Sprinjrfield,  which  Ik;  iMiriinl, 
and  carried  off  a  niimher  of  |»risoiiers.  The  women  and  cliildren  were  not 
maltreated,  hut  were  left  in  oni;  house  unmolested.  Ahoiit  this  time,  yn  ii 
pains  were  takiMi  to  seizt!  tlu;  wary  cliiet",  hut  there  was  no  ('ajitaiii  r/ii/;v/i, 
or,  iiidikt!  Plillip  id"  I'okaiioket,  Brunt  had  the  riMiiote  nation^:  to  ily  to  wiilioiit 
lliar  of  heinj;  killed  hy  them.  Ca|»tain  ^PKean  hunted  luni  for  some  linie, 
und,  not  hf'in<i°  ahle  to  find  him,  wrote  an  insiiltiii:;  lett(;r  titr  hini,  and  \vi\  it 
in  an  Indian  path.  Anioni.'  other  tliiii<rs,  he  clial'«.>ii!red  him  to  sin<:lc  edMilml, 
or  to  meet  him  w  ith  an  eijiial  iinmher  of  men  :  and  "  that  if  he  would  ciniie  In 
Cherry-valley,  and  have  a  fiiir  fijrht,  they  \\niild  ciiaufre  jiim  from  a  Jininl 
into  a  (loos."  This  letter,  it  is  supposed,  Jininl  received,  fi'oni  an  intimiilinii 
contained  in  one  which  he  wrote;  ahout  the  same  time  to  ii  tory.  To  tliisiii;iii 
(Parrifcr  ('an;  of  Kdmestoii)  Ik;  writes  from  Tiinadilla  [li'nadilla]  under  diitr 
!>.ruly,  I77H, — "  .S'lV :  1  understand  Inf  tlic  Indians  that  was  at  i/our  liousr  Ind 
week,  that  one  Hmith  lives  near  ivitli  you,  lias  little  more  rorn  to  spare.  I  slioitlil  li> 
much  obliged  to  i/ou,  if  you  would  he  so  kind  as  to  trij  to  s^el  as  much  com  as 
Smith  can  spared;  he  has  .sent  mejivr  skipples  nlreadi/,  of  which  I  am  much  ohlii^- 
ed  to  him,  and  will  see  him  paid,  and  would  be  vcrij  ^lad  if  you  could  spare  one 
or  two  your  vien  to  join  t«,  especially  Eiias.    /  would  be  glad  to  see  him,  and  1 


.EY.  [Book  V. 


Cak?.  V.) 


BRANT.— l)i:STKIJCTI()N  OF  WVO.MINO. 


87 


,  Younglove  niiurn-'l 

ilicH  (or  roii8iil('ral)li! 
ly  lor  siiti'ty.  linint 
oil  t'(ir  till'  iiiii'iMisi'. 
)V('.ry  oJ'  till'  slnn^'tli 
,  with  wiumIcii  l'uiis, 
\v  iolia^i!  of  the  I  ires     J, 

IIS  Ills  (IcHI^M  to  IlllVli      ! 

vi-ry,  lit'  v;'»vf  up  till)    i' 
I  lu'liiiid  11  liii-;.'!'  rock     'S 
«  iiortli  of  tlic  I'cirt  ill     ' 
,'  |msisiu;.'<'r,  and  ^rniii 
i:iiscudt;  fiillcii  liy  tin; 
ri!  in  expectation  ol'  a 
fill,  and  tlic  sami'  diiy 
«(l  tlii'iii  lliat  ('oiiiiicl 
iir  nij-'lit  ln'  wi't  out  til 
ioiiie  (lcs|>atciics.    lie 
my  to  return  llic  iii'\t 
en  out  of  si;.'iit  lint  !i 
ml,  liis  warriors  fircil 
iiriiii;  from  liis  iridiiiL.'- 
oil  iiiul  Wis  coinpiiMion 
icir  Itfiii^'  firi'tl  ii|'"ii' 
ro  tilt"  war,  and  al\(r- 
took  liiiii  to  lie  a  ('(in- 
to tlie  foi't,  willi  lii"'"l 
Hieiicd.     llis  coiiiiiiiii- 

jield,  wliicli  i"'  l)iini'  d, 
laiiil  children  were  imt 
,bout   this  time,  (iirai 
as  no  (Captain  (Viiin/i, 
fM\o\\<  to  tly  towitlKMit 
[;d  I'llll   I'll   **'""•'  '".'"> 
Iter  for  him,  'i'"'  '•'"  '' 
1  him  to  siiiiile  ('(iinlwt, 
at  if  ho  would  eiiiiie  to 
L.r,!  him  from  a  Bmd 
■tMl,  from  tin  iiitimutiou 
lo  a  torv.     To  tiiis  iii:iM 
rilnud'illa]  inulerdnt'' 
ims  at  umw  house  hid 
\m  to  spare.     I  nhoul'l  '- 
)o  i!;it  as  much  com  ns 
jr  which  I  am  much  oWiir- 
;  ir  lion  could  spare  one 
\e  glad  to  see  him,  atui  I 


pihjioH  rmild  aetU  mc  as  mani/  i!una  i/oti  htwc,  as  I  ktmw  i/nn  have  no  use  for 
lUfi/i,  if  i/ou  aui/ ;  a,s  I  iwan  noir  tojiirhl  Ihv  ma  I  nhds  as  itrll  as  I  run  ;  irliat- 
{ftr  i/iiii  u'ill  alih  to  sinCd  mi;  i/nu  must  siiiCd  hi/  the  liKirir,  I  am  i/Diir  siiirm 
fritiid  and  humhte  scrU.     Joskimi    IJuAN'r.     /'.  .S'.     I  hard  thai   (hirninillijf 

tiQuli  is  vrrij  htild,  iiiid  intr.ndid  lo  make  nuthiitf!;  of  us  ;  thvij  cidhd  as  iritil  lths); 
li/  //iiioic  the  ronlran/"  This  we  suppose  lo  lie  a  liiir  specimen  of  the  eom- 
pitidii  of  the  chief  who  alierwards  translated  the  (lospel  according'  to  John 
mill  (lie  Mohawk  lan^iia^e,  also  tin;  Itook  of  Coiiimoii  I'rayer ;  copies  of  which 
ari' ill  the  library  of  Ilarvard  colle),'e.* 

Till'  next  event  ol'importancc  in  w  hicli  lirant  was  enpijfed,  was  the  destnic- 
lioii  iif  NVyomiiijr.t  oik;  of  the  most  lieart-nniiiii;,'  records  in  the  annals  of  tiie 
(eviiiiilionary  war.  In  that  liorrid  alliiir,  ahoiit  .'{()()  settlers  were  killed  oi 
carried  into  captivity  ;  iroiii  the  ^(riuiter  part  of  whom  no  iiitidlij^eiicc!  was  i:vt'i 
olilailied. 

Il  was  known  early  in  the  spring,'  of  177H,  that  a  laine  force  was  collectiiif^ 
alNiii^'ara  for  the  oliject  of  layiiii;  waste  the  frontiers  of  I'eniisyKiiniM,  Vir- 
fiiiiiiand  New  York,  and  evim  as  early  as  i'eliriiary,  (Jeneral  Si  iirvi.r.K  wroto 
III  niii^ress  to  inliirm  them  that  such  was  his  hclief.  In  iMareli  he  wmtu 
;.;iiii  lo  con^jress,  sayinjf,  "A  mimlier  of  Mohawks,  and  many  of  the  Oiionda- 
piis,  ('iiyiij,'as,  and  Seiiecas,  will  commence  hostifities  against  iis  as  soon  as 
liny  Clin;  it  would  he  prudent,  therefore,  early  to  take  measures  to  carry  tins 
»;ir  into  their  country ;  it  would  rei|iiii'e  no  <;reater  liody  of  troops  to  destroy 
heir  towns  than  to  protect  the  troniier  iiihahitaiits."  [  Hut  con^n'ess  had  iiioro 
tuin  till  ir  hands  full  in  other  directions,  and  nothing' was  done.  In  the  he- 
;iiiiiiii<;  of  .Inly,  the  lory  and  Indian  force,  amoiintin;;  tooether  to  ahont  ItiUO 
111(11,  were  di.seovered  in  pos.session  of  l''ort  NVinteriiioot,^;  a  short  distance  from 
ihcviilajje  of  Wyomiiiff.  Here  was  also  a  liirt,  at  which  were  collected  near 
WJ  iiicn  liir  the  ih^feiice  of  the  country,  who  were  under  tim  immediate  eoiu- 
iiiaiid  (if  Colonel  Zehulon  Iintlcr.\\  On  the  H  .Inly,  a  council  of  war  was  hidil 
iijidii  the  propriety  of  marc!iin;r  out  and  atta<'kiii^°  tint  tory  and  Indian  army, 
aiid  it  was  finally  a^rr(;ud  that  the  enemy  should  he  soi<<r|it.  AciMirdiin^ly  the 
Aiiiiricans  marched  out  upon  this  t.'xpeditioii  the  same  day.  Ilavimr  sent 
;  uiinl  spies,  tin'y  had  not  prociuided  liir,  when  they  were  discovered  liy  two 
liiiliiiiis,  who  were,  douhtles.s,  upon  the  same  husiness.  The  scouts  fired  each 
liiiiiii  the  other,  and  then  hasteiu-d  to  their  respective  head-ipiarters.  Hoth 
lilies  were  imm(>diately  in  motion,  and  joined  liattle  near  a  thick  swamp. 
llic  Indians  und  torieu,  hein^  the  more  numerous,  oiittlanked  the  Americans, 
ami  /i/vni/,  at  the  head  of  his  furious  warriors,  issuin<^  li'oiii  the  swamp,  turned 
lliiir  li'rt  flank,  and  creatiiif?  thereby  a  eoiifiisioii,  w hicli  itreatly  liivored  his 
kind  of  wartiire,  and  enabled  him  to  make  dreadliil  havoc  am(in<r  them. 

The  Americans  were  in  two  lines,  and  it  was  the  line  commanded  by  Col- 
onel Dennison  tiiat  Brant  successfully  encountered,     liullvr,  at  tin;  same  time, 
v.is  L'aiiiiii},'  some  a( 
«liii' 


lvaiita<f(!  over  tin;  oilier  line,  under  his  cousin  Zihulnn, 
II,  added  to  tin?  ra^rin^  disaster  in  the  left,  beeani(>  immediati  ly  a  ili^iit. 
I'lildiiid  IJennison^s  or(U'V  to  fiill  back,  by  which  he  desi;;iied  to  make  an  ad- 
vantageous evolution,  was  distorted,  by  the  te-rrilied  troops,  into  an  order  for 
tiii'lit;  and  all  was  i:i  u  ftiw  moments  lo.st.  And  from  Jiidfre  Marshall  we  add 
t>l'()ll(iws: — "The  troops  fled  towards  tin;  riv<'r,  which  they  enileavored  to 
I'ajs.  ill  order  to  enter  Fort  Wilkiisbarre,  [in  the  village  of  that  name  on  the 
dpIKisite  side  of  the  Siiscpiehainiah.]     The  enemy  pursued  'with  the  fury  of 


■  Il  would  seem  Iroiii  Mr.  VVflfl,  (Travels  in  America,  WJJ.)  lliat  lie  Iraiislaled  llinse 
"iirks  licCore  llic  war ;  l>iit  I  liave  heard  il  said  lliat  lliey  weri!  llie  [iroductiuii  of  tiie  cliict 
I'MiXnitnii ;  my  aiillioril y,  however,  I  do  not  rcincmhcr. 

t  i'liis  iminc  IS  said  lo  sigiiily  ajictil  nf  /i/nml,  frDtii  a  fjre.il  l)aUlo  fodf^lit  liiore  liy  llie 
b'iiajis  lii'fore  ils  sctllemeiil  by  tlic  whiles.  This  derivation,  however,  is  not  accordiiijf  to 
iltkrtreldfr,  Ixil  1  nidsl  reler  llie  ciirioiN  |ihil(iloi;i>t  lo  ('hii]imaii's  Ilhl.  Wijimiiiis,  |i.  10, 
I'll' his  authority,  since  printed  in  the  'rniiis.  Aiiifr.  I'hilns.  Soc. 

',  (lordon'.i  Ameriean  Revohilioii,  iii.  liit. 

4  This  was  ifarrisoiied  hy  a  coni|)aiiy  ol'  men,  who  had  heeii  suspected  of  tonji.tm,  and  it 
so«ap|)(-are(l  that  they  had  not  only  pive.i  up  the  fori,  but  joined  the  hostile  parly.  Mar- 
Mj//'.s'  Wiishiiifrtoii,  iii.  .").")7. 

il  lie  was  cousin  to  John  Butler,  the  hjader  of  the  lories  Marshall,  ibid.  55G,  and  iv. 
ippeiidix,  13. 


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23   VEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MS80 

(716)  872-4S03 


>> 


88 


BRANT.— DESTRUCTION  OF  \VYOMING. 


[Book  V. 


Chap.  V.J 


devils; 'and  of  the  400  who  had  marched  out  on  this  iiiifortiinatc  »aii<>y 
OMly  ahont  yo  esca|)ud,"  aiiioiii,'  whom  were  the  commaiKhii;;  oliiccr.s. 

The  fort  at  Wyomiiig  was  now  closely  hi'sicf^ed,  and  s((;in<i-  no  cliancc  of 
escape,  Colonel  JBuller  |)ro|)os(  I  a  ])arley  witii  h is _/;-i'c/i</ and  niuncsaki'  wiiich 
was  assented  to.  The  jtlace  of  meeting  was  apjujinted  at  some  distance  from 
the  fort,  end  the  Americans  marched  out  in  considerahic  torcc,  to  prevent 
treachery,  to  tiie  place  appointed ;  hut  when  thtiv  arrived  tiien.-,  tliev  found 
nohody  with  whom  to  parley.  Tiie  commander  of  the  lories  lias  l)cen  hrand- 
cd  with  gross  infamy,  for  this  ])lece  of  treaciiery  with  his  kinsman ;  fin-  lie 
feigned  fear  from  his  approach,  and  had  retired  as  they  advanced,  displiivin"- 
meanwhile  the  flag  of  truce.  The  unwary  Americans  were,  l)y  tiiis  treaclur" 
ous  stratagem,  led  into  an  amhusli  in  nearly  the  same  manner  as  were  Huldi. 
inson  and  H'heeler,  at  Wickai)aiig  Pond,  in  Pliilifis  war.  They  were,  jn  a 
moment,  nearly  surrounded  hy  liranCs  warriors,  and  the  work  of  death  ra^cd 
in  all  its  fury.*  The  tories  "  were  not  a  whit  hehind  the  very  chietist "  of  tlii  m 
in  this  hloody  day.  A  remnant  only  regained  the  f()rt,  out  of  several  hundn  ild 
tliat  went  forth.  They  were  now  more  closely  hesieged  tlian  heforo ;  and 
the  more  to  insult  the  vanrpiislied,  a  demand  was  sent  in  to  them  to  surreiiiler 
" accom})anied  hy  11X5  hloody  scalps,  taken  from  those  who  had  just  li(( n 
slain."  When  the  hest  terms  were  asked  of  the  hesiegers,  the  "  infiimons 
£u//er"  replied  in  these  two  words,  " </ie  halcliel."  This  was  the  on K /;•»//[ 
we  hear  of  his  uttering.  It  was  the  hatchet,  indeed — a  few  only  fled  "to  tlip 
surrounding  wilderness,  there  to  meet  a  more  lingering  death  hy  fuiniiiu. 
These  were  chiefly  women  and  children. 

Thus  ])assed  the  fourth  of  July,  1778,  in  the  hefore  flourishing  seltleinint 
of  Wyonnng,  on  the  eastern  hranch  of  the  Suscpiehannah.  Barlow  knew 
well,  in  his  early  day,  who  was  forever  to  be  branded  with  infamy  for  the  mta 
of  this  memorable  tragedy.     He  says, — 

"  His  savage  hordes  the  murderous  Johnson  leads, 
Files  tlirougfi  the  woods  and  treads  tiie  tangled  weeds, 
Shuns  open  combat,  teaclies  where  to  run, 
Sl<ulk,  couch  the  ambush,  aim  tlie  hunter's  gun, 
Wliirl  the  sly  tomahawk,  the  war-wlioop  sing, 
Divide  the  spoils,  and  pack  the  scalps  they  bring." 

Columbiad,  vi.  389,  &c. 

Having  now  got  full  possession  of  Wyoming,  and,  observes  Dr.  Thaekr, 
**  after  selecting  a  few  prisoners,  the  remainder  of  the  peoj)le,  incliidiiiir 
women  and  children,  were  enclosed  in  the  houses  and  barracks,  whicli  wfio 
immediately  set  on  fire,  and  the  whole  consumed  together.  Another  f()rl  wiis 
near  at  hand,  in  which  were  70  continental  soldiers ;  on  surrendering  without 
conditions,  these  were,  to  a  man,  butchered  in  a  barbarous  manner;  wiirn 
the  remainder  of  the  men,  women  and  children  were  shut  np  in  the  lioiiscs,  ' 
and  the  demons  of  hell  glutted  their  vengeance  in  beholding  their  destiiutioii 
in  o';r  gejieral  conflagration."  The  liouses  of  the  tories  were  sjjared.  As 
thoi  rli  they  couhl  not  exercise  their  cruelty  enough  nj)on  hmnan  l)eiiijr.«, 
they  fell  upon  the  beasts  in  the  field — shooting  some,  wounding  and  iniin- 
gling  others,  by  cutting  out  their  tongues,  &c.  and  hiaving  them  alive.  Well 
does  Campbell  make  his  Oneida  chief  to  say,  (who  comes  as  a  fiicml  to 
warn  the  settlement  of  the  approach  of  the  combined  army  of  tories  aiul 
Indians,) 

"  '  Rut  this  is  not  a  time,' — he  started  up, 

And  smote  iiis  breast  widi  woe-denouncing  hand^ 

'  This  is  no  time  to  fill  thv  joyous  cup : 

The  mammoth  comes — llie  foe — the  monster  Brandt, 

With  all  his  howling  desolating  band  ; — 

These  eyes  have  seen  their  blade,  and  burning  pine, 

Awake  at  once  and  silence  half  your  land. 

lied  is  the  cup  they  drink  ;  l)ut  not  with  wine : 
Awake  and  watch  to-night !  or  see  no  morning  shins. 

*  There  is  much  incongruity  in  relation  to  the  alTairs  of  Wyoming.  C/m/)m,i7i  dislinolly 
States  that  lintnt  cominan(le<l  the  right  wing  tS  the  army  under  Butler,  when  he  was  met  by 
the  forces  that  marched  out  to  meet  them;  but  it  has  lately  been  denied  that  J[?;iint  was  even 
at  Wyoming  during  these  afTuirs. 


No 

Tlie  tories,  as  \) 
af.oiijit,  it  a|)j)ear; 
Dr.  Thacher  givt 
toriety  at  tlie  time 
prisoners,  a  Captu 
stuck  fill]  ofsplintt 
wlion  liis  two  con 
tlie  .same  fit-,.,  and 
Ttrrij,  the  son  of  a 
party,  sevt.'ral  times 
knrPs  blood.  Tiie 
Miers  and  sisters,  i 
It  was  njjou  such 
(iwlt,  which  cause* 
uptit  tlie  memory  o 
fail  dispute,  and  M 
wven'ry  upon  the  cl 
m  of  Colonel  Bra 
|'.nlie  English  John 
m  with  documents 
ft' iii.s  father."  Thi'^ 
"P«"tlie  subject,  to^ 
papers. 

Hitlj  Wyoming  w 

^ideoftheSusf,ueha 

"le  I'lace  destroyed, 

iiaiiic,  there  were  tli 

I  yoiiiing.f     T/iese  i 

"lien  destroyed  cont 

wntiiiental  army  witi 

W  active  part  of  the 

took  lii  the  great  rev 

"w  bosoms  of  both  p.- 

Ill  iVovem!)er  fbliov 

■itfliistiine,  JSra«nvt 

'p<'m>m,  an.l  pers 


f,  son  of 


l"l^'-r  Bulk,,  „..,,,,,  . 
^"H  Muison,  in  1775 
''"'iif.'lit  him  among  t 
"■i's,  wc  are  not  iiifbr 
'«;v,.,s  taken  up  o„  «„ 
•"■K.  lie  was  removet 
'"«"is  to  escape.  Joj, 
m  of  Jiis  regiment  i 
'  ""'itioiied,  they  return 

*  Thacher's  Journal. 
t  l|ic.sei(l..nienlorWvo: 

,;!:;'"' '""  ^'''-^  """'?i, 

,''"'  '"";  "I'fii  commit  m 
^   '■'•.ah<!,,V,„,.e„,i|„s.. 

T;'/';-;fr5=20squaj 

8* 


Book  V, 

iiiicc  (>r 

',  wiiicli 

ICf  tl'Dlll 

\)r(,'Vi'iit 
cy  101111(1 
11  liniiul- 
1 ;  lor  lie 
isiilayiii;: 
trcMclirr- 
n;  Hulrh- 
cre,  ill  ii 
■atli  ni^'cil 

"ot'tlitiu 

liiiiulrciid 
lore;  iiiid 
siirrciultM", 

just  liccii 
"intiuiioiis 

only  truth 
H('(l  U)  llio 
by  i'aiiiiiie. 

wntkiiictit 
iiiow  knew 
for  the  acta 


Chap.  V.] 


BRANT.— CRUELTIES  AT  VVYOMINU. 


89 


vi.  389,  &c. 

Dr.  Thachr, 
includiiiil 
■\vliicli  were 
ler  Ibrl  wn^^ 
iujl  svitluiiit 
uiier;  wln'ii 
tlie  lidiiscs  ' 
clestnictiiiu 
sijuri'fl.    A^ 
iimn  \wwp. 
.it  and  niiiii- 
alivc.    AV.-I1 
ti  tVieuil  to 
:'  torics  aiul 


'"Scorniiif!;  to  wield  the  iintcliet  for  his  bribe, 

'Guiiisl  lirandt  liiiiiselfl  wenl  lo  batlle  forth  : 

Accursed  liianiU!  lie  left  of  all  mij  Irihc 

Nor  nuin,  iwr  child,  iiur  ihin^  of  livintr  hirth  : 

No  !  iif ;  the  dojj,  that  watched  my  household  hearth, 

Escaped,  that  night  of  blood,  upon  our  plains! 

All  perished  I — 1  alone  am  lel't  on  earth  ! 

To  whom  nor  relative  nor  blood  remains, 
No ! — not  a  kindred  drop  that  runs  in  human  veins  ! '  " 

Gertfude  of  Wyoming. 

Tlie  toricH,  as  was  often  the  case,  were  attired  like  Indians,  and,  from  every 
acioiiiit,  it  appears  that  they  exceeded  tlioni  in  ferocity. 

Dr.  Thacher  gives  lis  tiie  ibllowing  examples  of  honor,  which  were  of  no- 
toriety at  the  time,  and  "  |)roniidgated  from  authentic  soin'cea.  One  of  the 
prisoners,  a  Captain  Badlock,  was  connnitt(!d  to  torture,  by  having  his  body 
stUL'iv  full  of  s[ilinters  of  jiiiie  knots,  and  a  lire  of  dry  wood  made  round  him, 
when  his  two  conipaiiions,  Cajjtaiiis  Rtmson  and  Durkec,  were  thrown  into 
tlie  .same  fire,  and  liehl  down  witli  pitchiorks,  till  consumed.  One  Partial 
Tcrrij,  the  son  of  a  man  of  respectablt;  ciiaracter,  iiaving  joined  th.e  Indian 
party,  several  times  sent  his  father  word  tiiat  he  hoprd  to  wash  his  hands  in  his 
hmi^s  blood.  The  moiist(;r,  with  his  own  hands,  murdered  his  father,  mother, 
kothtrs  and  sisters,  stripped  off  th(!ir  scalps,  and  cut  off  liis  fatlier's  iiead !  "  * 

k  was  upon  .such  scenes  as  these,  that  tlie  mind  of  the  poet  just  cited  had 
dwelt,  which  caused  him  to  wield  the  pen  of  denunciation  with  such  effect 
iipca  die  memory  of  Brant.  Tliiit  Butkr  was  the  far  greater  savage,  none 
fan  dispute,  and  Mr.  Campbell  .has  long  since  acknowledged  his  too  great 
feveiity  \\\m\\  the  character  of  the  ibrmer.  We  should  exi)lain  here,  that  a 
Sim  of  Colonel  Brant,  a  chief  Mohawk,  of  the  name  of  Jlhyonwaeschs,  called 
li\  the  English  John  Brant,  was  in  London  in  lSi%  and  furnished  Mr.  Camp- 
W/witli  documents,  which,  in  the  jwet's  own  words,  "changed  his  opinion 
of  liis  father."  This  i)assage  was  contained  in  a  long  iuid  inteicsting  letter 
upon  the  subject,  to  Ahyonwaeghs,  which  appeared  at  that  tiiu'-!  in  the  news- 
pa|iers. 

With  Wyoming  were  destroyed  Wilkesbarre  and  Kingston,  upon  the  other 
sideofdieSusquehannah.  Though  Wyoming  is  generally  miderstood  to  be 
tlie|ilace  destroyed,  it  should  be  renuMnbered  that  in  the  valley  bearing  that 
naiiii',  there  were  three  other  towns,  which  wore  all  destroyed,  as  well  as 
Wyoiuiiig.t  These  towns  were  settled  by  emigrants  lh)in  Conne.-ticut,  and 
wlien  destroyed  contained  more  than  1000  iimiilies,  and  had  furnislied  the 
coiitiiiental  army  widi  inon^  than  1000  men,  who  were  generally  the  young 
aiKl  active  part  of  the  population.]:  The  opj)osit,'  sides  wliieh  the  inhabitants 
took  ill  the  great  revolutionary  rpaistioii,  created  t'.ie  nio.-<t  violent  rancor  in 
the  bosoms  of  both  parties,  and  hence  the  l)arl)iirities  which  ensued. 

In  November  following,  CI lerrv- valley  met  with  a  fate  similar  to  Wyoming. 
.\ttliis  time.  Brant  was  returning  to  wiiiter-(iuarters,  when  he  was  met  by  a 
im  raptiiiii,  and  persuaded  to  engage  in  one  expedition  more.  This  was 
Mir  Butla;  son  of  John,  tlu;  hero  of  Wyoming.  He  went  to  Cantida  with 
Guij  Johnson,  in  1775,  as  has  hoeii  mentioned;  and  now  some  circumstances 
Imnifrlit  him  among  the  frontier  settlements  of  New  York.  What  his  object 
(riis,  wcare  not  informeil ;  but  it  was,  doubtless,  that  of  a  spy.  However, 
lif  was  taken  up  on  susjdcion,  at  least,  and  confiii; d  in  jail  at  Albany;  falling 
fii'k,  he  was  removed  to  a  private  (Iwelling,  from  whence  he  soon  found 
iiHiiiis  to  escape.  Joining  his  father  at  Niagara,  he  succeeded  in  detaching  a 
part  (if  his  regiment  upon  an  incursion.  Meeting  w'itli  Brnnt,  as  was  just 
iiitiitioued,  they  returned  to  the  frontier.    It  is  siiid  that  Brant  was  at  first 


Lm.m  ilisliii''''y 

I  he  was  iih'<  ''.V 

'Jiant  was  even 


'  Thdcher's  Journal. 

t  The  soltlt'ineiit  of  Wyoming^  consisted  of  eigtit  townships,  each  five  miles  square.  Annual 
R'f.  for  1771),  page  1).  "  Each  containing  a  sf|uarc  of  live  miles,''  is  the  language  of  the 
Rfjislor;  but  it' is  thought  unlikely  that  those  towns  were  so  small.  Writers,  and  good 
•Tilers  loo,  often  commit  inalheinalical  errois  of  this  kind  ;  not  dislingnisliing  between  miles 
i?U"v,  ;ih(l  .iriwtre  miles:    Thus,  the  difVcreiice  between  live  s(|uare  miles,  and  live  miles 


.fi^- 


'quart',  I.  ('.  [)' 
t  ilanlialL  iii.  555, 

8» 


:'20  square  miles,  the  Hue  difference  between  ihe  two  quantities. 


90 


BRANT-DESTRUCTION   OF  CIIERRY-VALLEY 


[Book  V. 


Chap.  V.] 


BR 


displeased  with  tlie  [iroject,  understanding  tliut  Captain  IValtT  Iiad  hoen  put 
in  office  Dvvv  liini  by  iiis  old  general,  Walter's  father,  but  stifled  Jiis  resi'nt- 
ment.  Their  wiiolc  (brce  was  700  men,  500  of  whom  were  the  warriors  Of 
Brant, 

Colonel  Ichahod  Jllden,  of  Massachusetts,  was  in  counnand  at  Clicrrv- 
valley,  aud  to  his  misguided  judgment  is  to  l)e  attributed  tlie  disasliT  wliii-lj 
ensued.  But,  like  fValdron  of  Cochecho,  he  was  doomed  to  escape  t!i(;  dj^. 
grace.  IIj  was  early  ap[)rizod  of  the  march  of  lirant,  and  when  iu-immI  to 
receive  tht  inhabitants  into  the  fort,  observed  that  there  was  no  daiiiaT.  as 
he  would  keep  out  scouts  who  would  apprize  them  of  the  ajjproacir  of  an 
enemy  in  sea.son  to  remove.  Scouts  were  accordingly  sent  out;  one  of 
which,  either  forgetting  the  business  they  were  upon,  or,  what  was  ecuiajly 
reprehensible,  made  a  large  fire  and  lay  down  to  sleep.  liranCs  warriors 
were  not  misled  by  so  luminous  a  beacon,  and  the  whole  were  made  prisdn. 
ers.  This  was  on  the  night  of  the  !)  November,  1778.  The  prisoners  now 
in  the  hands  of  lirant  were  obliged  to  give  the  most  exact  intelligence  con- 
cerning the  garrison.  On  the  morning  of  the  11,  favored  by  a  thick  and  Jiuzy 
atmosj)here,  they  ajiproaclied  the  fort.  Colonels  Jllden  and  Slacia  (piartend 
at  the  house  of  a  Mr.  JVdls.  A  Mr.  Hamble  was  fired  upon  as  he  wascouiinif 
from  his  house  to  the  fort,  by  a  scout,  which  gave  the  first  notice  of  ijiu 
enemy.  He  escaped,  and  gav.;  the  alarm  to  Colonel  Jilden,  who,  strange  ii.s 
it  may  appear,  was  still  incredulous,  and  said  it  was  nothing  more  than  sonn; 
straggling  Indians.  Th.e  last  si)ace  of  time  was  thus  lost ! — and,  ia  less  tluin 
half  an  hour,  all  parts  of  the  i)lace  were  invested  at  once.  Such  of  tiie  sol- 
diers as  were  collected  being  iumiediately  all  killed  or  taken,  the  poor  inlial)- 
itants  fell  an  easy  prey.  Colonel  Mdcn  was  among  the  first  victiujs.  Like 
Chopart,  in  the  massacre  at  Natchez,  he  fled  from  his  house,  and  was  jmr- 
sue«l  by  an  Indian  with  his  hatchet,  at  whom  the  colonel  endeavored  st;v(  nil 
times  to  disdiarge  his  jjistol ,  but  it  missing  fire,  and  losing  time  in  liuinir 
about  for  this  purpose,  the  Indian  was  sufiiciently  near  to  throw  his  toam^ 
hawk  with  deadly  effect.  He  did  so.  Colonel  Jilden  fell  upon  his  face,  uiul 
his  scalp  was  in  a  moment  borne  off  in  triumph.  "Atory  boasted  that  he 
killed  Mr.  Wdls  while  at  prayer."  His  daughter,  a  young  lady  of  irrcat 
amiableness,  fled  from  the  house  to  a  pile  of  wood  lor  shelter ;  hut  an  In- 
dian pursued  her,  wlio,  coming  near,  composedly  wi[)ed  his  long  knite, 
e'ready  bloody,  upon  his  leggins,  then  returning  it  to  his  belt,  seized  her  liy 
the  arm,  and  with  a  blow  of  his  tomahawk  ended  her  existence.  She  could 
speak  some  Indian,  and  begged  her  murderer  to  spare  her  life,  and  a  tory 
interceded,  who  stood  near,  'n"ging  that  she  was  his  sister;  but  he  wonlcl 
hear  to  neither.  Other  transactions  in  this  afiiiir,  of  still  greater  horror,  we 
must  pass  in  silence. 

Between  30  and  40  prisoners  were  carried  off;  but  the  fort,  containing 
about  200  soldiers,  was  not  taken,  although  several  trials  were  made  iij)on  it. 

Brant  was  the  only  person  engaged  in  this  tragedy  of  whom  we  hear  any 
acts  of  clemency ;  one  of  which  was  the  preservation  of  a  poor  woman  ami 
her  children,  who,  but  for  him,  would  have  met  the  t^nahawk.  He  inciiiirtil 
for  Captain  JVi'Aean,  (who  wrote  him  the  letter  before  mentioned,)  sayinjr  he 
had  now  come  to  accent  his  challenge.  IJeing  answered  that "  Cajjt.  M'Kean  , 
would  not  turn  his  back  upon  an  ene  ny,"  he  replied,  "I  know  it.  Hois  a  « 
brave  man,  and  I  would  have  given  moit-  to  have  taken  him  than  any  othci 
man  in  Cherry-valley ;  but  I  would  not  have  hurt  a  hair  of  his  head." ' 

Brant  had  seen  and  heard  so  much  of  what  is  called  civilized  warfare,  tliat 
he  was  afraid  of  the  traduction  of  his  character,  and  always  said  that,  in  his 
councils,  he  had  tried  to  make  his  wui'riors  humane  ;  and  to  his  honor  it  is 
said,  (but  in  projjortiou  as  his  character  is  raised,  that  of  the  white  man 
must  sink,)  that  where  he  had  the  chief  command,  few  barbarities  were 
committed. 

The  night  before  Brant  and  Bxdhr  fell  upon  Cherry-valley,  some  of  the 
tories  who  had  friends  there,  requested  liberty  to  go  in  secretly  and  advise 
them  to  retire.  Butler,  though  some  of  his  own  friends  were  anions  the 
inhabitants,  refiised,  saying,  "that  there  were  so  many  families  connected, 
that  the  one  would  inform  the  others,  and  all  would  escape.    He  thus  sacri- 


ficed his  friends, 
reported  l)y  JJran 
dejiravity  of  his  ai 
Hut  this  n.idnigi 
by  un  Oneida  Indij 
Colonel  fViltet  iiav 
lion   into   the  cou 
and  1;10  Indians  ai 
iliftressi'd  them  by 
Colonel  fVillet  was 
ii|)  with  a  party  wl, 
and  took  prisoners 
iiiiisiied,  and   beiu' 
upon  which  the  Iiu 
at  tlie  sjuno  time  cl( 
Wlietlier  the  follt 
or  wiicther  it  hap|)( 
(lie  character  of  Br 
a  woman  and  child 
-H'hat:'  kill  a  wom> 
mr  a  friend  to  the 
mchirf,  the  dispute 
Tlie  depredations 
ill  that  region,  causi 
iiOi)  tncn  into  the 
and  the  forces  were 
destroyed.     On  22  J 
lloiii  tiiis  j)lace  to  L 
liy  110,  Indians  and 
It  was  said  that  t 
destroyed.    As  soon 
c  intry.  Brant  and  1 
look  a  j)08ition  on  i 
Aiifriist  29,  at  a  place 
trenched  themselves, 
about  two  hours,  wlie 
liead  of  his  ^pa\  Ha 
confusion,  and  the  w, 
made  jio  other  st.nnd 
iiistorian  adds,  "  The 
of  vegetation  upon  ll 
tilled  or  brought  oW, 
'm.    «  None  'of  the 
"ifli'stry,  escaped  the 
siiiie  author  writes,  t 
devastations,  were  tl 
remonstrate  that  they 
tai."    General  Po6r. 
out  tlie  ostentation  of 


II 


*  Marshall's  Washinfftoi 

t  Allen,  ihid.  " 

{  ('hapman.  131. 

I  Nine  only  of  tho  Indian 
l^esa.rarilyoC/?,.a„<,that 
Anmh  Tnjon  Co.  125. 

,  ^o/'a,  Hist.  Rev.  jj.  2C 
.  ,  II'kI.  Some  of  Uic  o 
teroying.  fruii-irees,  and 

'lie  Imhansjiiall  see  that 
»i'  nhuies  to  .ncir  snpport. 

I»  ijiordon,  Amcr.  Rev.  i 


Chap.  V.] 


BRANT.— DEFEATED  BY  COLONEL  WILLET. 


lU 


ficed  liis  friends,  for  the  sake  of  puniHiiing  liis  enemies."  Tins,  vvlietlicr 
reported  by  Jiranl  to  iMiijunitj  liis  own  liunianity,  by  u  contrast  witli  llie 
ilei)ravity  of  bis  associate,  is  not  known,  but  it  may  bjive  been  tiie  fact. 

But  tbis  n.idniglit  assassin  did  not  escape  bis  retribution ;  lie  was  killed 
by  an  Oneida  Indian,  on  .'30  October,  1781,  under  tbe  following  circumstances : 
Colonel  fi^iUet  liaving  been  ordered  w  itb  about  400  men  to  make  an  tixpcdi- 
ijoii  into  tbe  country  of  tbe  Moliuwk,  lie  surjirised  a  party  of  (,00  toriis, 
and  ViO  Indians  at  Jobnston,  and  drove  tbem  into  tbe  woods,  and  severely 
ilistressc^d  tbem  l)y  cutting  off  tbeir  retreat  to  tbcir  boats.  About  tbis  time 
(.'oloiiel  fVUlet  was  joined  by  (iO  Oneida  Indians,  and  be  sbortly  alter  came 
iipwitb  a  party  wliicb  formed  tbe  rear  of  tiie  Britisli  and  Indians,  and  killed 
and  took  prisont-rs  tbe  most  of  tbem.  Halter  Butler  was  among  tbe  van- 
qiiislicd,  and  l)eing  wounded  by  one  of  WilltCs  Indians,  cried  for  (pjarter; 
lipoii  wliicli  tbe  Indian  screamed  out  witb  a  dreadiid  voice,  "  Sberry  Valley," 
at  the  sjune  time  cleaving  bis  bead  witb  bis  tomabawk  !  * 

Wlietlier  tbe  following  interesting  affair  belongs  to  Waller  or  John  Butler, 
or  wlittlier  it  liapix'ned  at  Wyoming  or  at  Cberry-valley,  it  equally  affects 
llie  character  of  Brant.  It  is  said,  tbat  Butler,  on  entering  a  bouse,  ordered 
awonian  and  child  to  be  killed,  wliom  tliey  liinnd  in  a  bed;  but  Brunt  said, 
"1','hut:^  kill  a  woman  and  child!  JVb !  (hat  child  is  not  an  enemy  to  the  king, 
nor  a  friend  to  the  conirrcss.  Long  before  lie  will  be  big  enough  to  do  any 
mischief,  the  dispute  iinll  be  setlled"\ 

The  depredations  of  tbe  Indians  and  tories  at  Wyoming  and  other  i»lacef? 
in  that  region,  caused  Geiu'ral  Washington  to  order  General  Sullivan  with 
Pi)  men  into  tbe  Indian  country.  Considerable  delay  was  experiencetl, 
and  the  forces  were  not  concentrated  at  Wyoming  until  a  year  alter  it  was 
destroyed.  On  22  July,  u  company  of  Penn.sylvania  militia  who  bad  marched 
lioni  this  place  to  Lackawaxen  to  protect  the  settlers  there,  were  attacked 
by  140,  Indians  and  40  or  nO  of  them  were  killed  or  made  prisoners,  if 

It  was  said  that  this  summer,  (1779,)  160,000  bushels  of  their  corn  was 
destroyed.  As  soon  as  it  was  known  that  Sullivan  was  advancing  into  the 
c  intry,  Brant  and  Butler,  with  tiOO  Indians,  and  Johnson,  with  iJOO  tories, 
took  a  position  on  his  route,  to  cut  him  off!  Sullivan  came  upon  tbem, 
Aui.'iist  yy,  (It  a  place  called  jYewtown,  on  Tioga  Rivcr,^  where  they  had  en- 
trenched themselves,  and  inmiediately  attacked  them.  The  battle  lasted 
about  two  liours,  when,  by  a  successful  movement  of  General  Poor,  at  the 
liead  of  his  New  Hampshire  regiment,  Branfs  warriors  were  thrown  into 
confusion,  and  tbe  whole  were  put  to  flight.||  Few  were  killed,  and  they 
made  no  other  stand  against  the  Americans  during  the  ex|)edition.ir  The 
iiistorian  adds,  "  They  utterly  destro^  "  10  villages,  and  left  no  single  trace 
of  vegetation  upon  the  surface  of  the  ground."**  AH  tbeir  cattle  were  either 
killed  or  brought  off,  i.jaiiy  of  which  they  had  before  taken  from  the  Ameri- 
rans.  "None  of  the  bounties  of  nature,  none  of  the  products  of  human 
industry,  escaped  the  fury  of  the  Americans."tt  Upon  tbis  business  the 
sinne  author  writes,  that  "the  officers  charged  with  the  execution  of  these 
devastations,  were  themselves  ashamed  of  them;  some  even  ventiu'ed  to 
remonstrate  that  they  were  not  accustomed  to  exercise  the  vocation  of  ban- 
ditti." General  Poor,  doubtless,  was  the  efficient  man  in  this  expedition, 
but  the  ostentation  of  Sullivan  gained  him  the  honor!  of  it.    Thus  were  the 


:-,•• 


*  Marsliall's  Washington,  iv.  Appendix,  13. — Allen's  Biog.  Diet.  Article,  Butler,  John. 
t  Allen,  ibid. 

I  Cliapman.  131.  J  Chapvum's  Hist.  Wyoming,  132. 

II  Nine  only  oflho  Indians  were  killed  ;  of  the  Americans,  four.  It  is  said  to  be  owing  to 
tke  sagacity  of  Brant,  that  liis  whole  force  escaped  failing  into  Ihc  hands  of  tlie  Americans. 
imals  Tryon  Co.  126. 

I'  Rolta,  Hist.  Rev.  ii.  20fi. 

'*  Il)id.  Some  of  the  officers  thought  it  too  degrading  to  the  army  to  be  employed  in 
deslroyuig  fruit-trees,  and  remonstrale(i  to  Gen.  Sulliran  against  the  order.  He  replied, 
'  Tlic  Indians  shall  see  that  there  is  maiioo  enough  in  our  hearts  to  destroy  every  thing  that 
coniril)ui(;s  to  incir  support."     Gordon,  Amer.  Rev.  iii.  21. 

ft  Gordon,  Amer.  Rev.  iii.  207. 


93 


BRANT.— DIvSTROYS  MLNISINK. 


[Book  V. 


I'ivt'  Nations  clwistiscd  litr  actiiif,'  as  tlicy  liad  been  tuuglit  by  tlio  white 
j)e()|)le  ;  y<'a,  l)y  tin;  Ami  ricaiis  tlieiiis»!lvi!S.* 

Tlic  lollowiiifT  snnniKT,  ('2',i  Jnly,  177!>,)  Colonel  liranl,  with  OC  of  his  war- 
riors and  '27  wliitc!  men,  caoK!  suildonly  upon  Minisink,  in  ()ran>'e  conntv 
]\'(!W  York,  when;  tiiey  killed  snnilry  oi'  the  inhabitants  and  made  otJicrs 
captives.  Tiu^y  iinrnt  ten  hoiise.s,  twelve  l)arns,  n  j,'arrison  and  two  miH.s 
and  tiieii  conimt-need  the'ir  retreat.  'I'Ik;  militia  liom  (joslien  and  iiijii-cs 
adjacent,  t(>  the  mnnber  of  J4!*,  rolleeted,  pursued,  and  eame  up  wiili  iIhih 
■\vlien  u  most  l)loody  battle  was  fought.  The  Indians  were  tinally  victorious' 
and  30  oidy,  out  of  the  149  wliites,  escaped.  Some  were  carried  into  rMi)- 
tivity,  and  the  rest  were  killed.  Not  bt;ing  sutlieiently  eantious,  they  )i  ll 
into  an  ambush,  and  so  fought  at  great  disadvantage.f 

111  JH'Jl,  a  county  meeting  was  lield,  by  which  \*  was  vot«>d  that  the  hones 
of  the  slain  should  lu;  collected,  and  dejiosited  under  a  suitable  nioiiiiiueiit 
at  the  saiiK!  time  ordered  to  Ik;  erected. |  In  IH'^y,  tbe  committee  aitpointcd 
to  collect  the  boiu^s  '•which  had  been  exposed  to  tlie  suns  and  snows  l()r  4,J 
years,"  bad  found  those  of  44  persons,  whit  h  were,  with  much  tbiinaliiv 
])ublicly  interred.^ 

In  the  sjiring  of  1780,  Jirant  surprised  IFurpersfield,  with  u  coinpany  of 
bis  warriors,  and  a  fi'W  tories.  lie  took  19  jirisoners,  and  killed  sivcnil 
others.  On  2  August  following,  be  fell  upon  Caiiajobarrit!,  with  about 
400  mixed  wairiors,  killed  Ki  people,  took  about  55  prisoners,  cbi<!fly  woiikmi 
and  children  ;  they  killed  and  drove  away,  ut  the  same  time,  about  ;iOO  caitio 
and  borses,  burnt  .53  houses,  and  as  many  liarns,  besides  out- houses,  a  new 
and  (degant  clinrcli,  a  grist-mill  and  two  garrisons. 

Doiil)tless  there  were  many  otiier  warlike  scenes  in  wiii(;h  Brunt  wiis 
engaged  personally ;  but  we  have  already  dwelt  longer  upon  them  than  we 
intended. 

European  -syritera,  for  a  long  time,  contended  that  tbe  N.  American  hidiiuis 
I;ad,  iiiiturally,  no  beards.l|  A  Mr.  M'Causland  took  the  trouble  of  writin;.' 
to  Brant,  after  tbe  revolution,  to  get  the  truth  of  the  matter.  The  following 
is  lirtt/ii's  letter  to  his  inquiry: — ^'^JViagara,  19  Jlpril,  1783.  The  mm  of  the 
Six  JV(Uio7is  have  all  beards  by  nature  ;  as  have  likewise  all  other  Indian  nations 
of  JVorth  America,  which  I  have  seen.  Some  Indians  allow  a  part  of  the  kiml 
upon  the  chin  and  upper  lip  to  s^row,  and  a  few  of  the  Molmwks  shave  with  razors, 
in  the  same  manner  as  Europeans ;  but  the  generality  pluck  out  the  hairs  <>/  the 
beard  by  the  roots,  as  soon  as  they  begin  to  appear;  and  as  they  continue Ihisjinir- 
tice  all  their  lives,  they  appear  to  have  no  beard,  or,  at  most,  only  a  few  strairu:lin's 
7>airs,  which  they  have  neglected  to  pluck  out.  I  am,  however,  of  opinion,  that  if 
he  Indians  were  to  stiave,  they  would  never  have  beards  altogether  so  thick  as  lie 
Europeans ;  and  tlwre  are  some  to  be  met  with  tvho  have  actually  very  little  heard.'' 

Jos.  Brant  Thayenda.nkua." 

A  daughter  of  Colonel  Brant  married  a  Frenchman,  who  in  Jiiiie,  17-1', 
was  killed  liy  a  l)arty  of  Indians,  while  peaceably  travelling  up  the  Waiiiisii 
River.  He  was  in  company  with  nine  others,  four  of  whom  were  killed  ami 
three  wounded.     When  tbe  hostile  party  came  up  to  them,  and  discovcRd 

*  See  the  speech  of  Big-tree,  Corn-plant,  and  Half-town,  to  which  nothing  need  he  addul 
by  \vay  of  commentary  iijion  such  allairs. 

t  G'or''on's  America,  ill.  22.  t  Spafford's  Gaz.  '313. 

i  Holmes's  Anier.  Annals,  ii.  302. 

j]  Kven  the  great  luminary  Voltaire  fell  into  (his  error.  He  says,  "  Les  Iroquois,  hs 
Hurons,  el  torn  les  peuples  Jusqu'a  la.  Floride,  parurent  olivatres  et  sans  ancnn  pnil  .<iir  U 
corps  excepte  la  tele."  'I'lial  is,  all  from  the  GO"  of  N.  latitude,  \oycz  CEuvres  complit'i, 
iv.  708,  ed.  Paris,  1817,  8vo.     See  also  Raijnal,  viii.  210. 

A  gentleman,  Mr.  W.  J.  Snelling,  who  resided  among  the  western  Indians  for  some  limo, 
says,  It  is  not  an  error  that  the  Lidians  have  no  heard  ;  that  the  "  Saques  and  Foxes  liavcliit 
very  few  liairs  upon  their  faces,  nor  have  they  any  instrument  for  extirpating  it ;  ami  what 
makes  the  fact  certain  is,  they  have  uo  hair  on  the  concealed  parts  of  their  hodles."  Aconni- 
ing  to  L.\wsoN,  Account  of  the  Indians  of  North  Carolina,  190,  191,  the  same  is  true  wiili 
regard  to  them.     I.auson  travelled  much  among  the  southern  Indians. 

II  This  is  the  case  with  many  of  the  whites. 


J^l  tlie  son-in-law  of  Ii 
^t  (i,  mid  then  went  c 
':  Wiieii  the  Indian! 
llieinselves  hostile,  i 
lilitii's,  by  visiting  > 
many  import;mt  tra 
iIk;  L'liitcd  States  an 
Iblicd,  which  was  tli 
10  (mother  in  the 
ivhcr'in  Colonel  /i/y 
aili'iided  fi)r  scjim;  ti 
River,  set  o(l"  a  llnv  i 
lloiM  that  (piarter  ;  a 
i,«vve  well  know  his 
I'bliy  hope  that  it  in 
In  I7if:2,  his  arrival 
il'tiiiit  (ity:— "(;a|)t 
.Various,  arrived  in  tli 
Ills  errand  is  ji  vi.sit  t( 
pay  liis  respects  to  tl 
die  lieginning  of  Jul 
!ril)e.s,  wliich  still  ren 
When  General  /F«; 
ol't'ie  tribes  were  tii 
men.  Learning,  also, 
M  treat  of  peace,  and 
ciiiets  of  (iifferent  tr 
C'lloiiel  Brunt  was  oi 
ivoiild  uiake  the  Ohio 
of  General  Waynet's  w 
llieOliio  and  Alleghij 
openly,  advocated  the 
atkiiowlcdge  that  if  Ik 
Temmseh  labored  ince 
of  llie  mighty  wave  of 
ivard.  Truly,  they  mi 
to  engulf  them  forevei 
llieni  inflexible  in  theii 
Si.\  Nations,  gave  up  t 
10  war.  Unt  the  Wyi 
ajree  to  it. 

Mentioii  will  be  foui 
Hii  by  the  chitifs  of  i 
III  this  council  it  was  i 
iinuiiitiioiisly  agreetl  to 
llie  Jiiiio  fbilowing,  up 
of  making  the  jieace  i, 
^rant  who  is  now  theii 
live  to  the  north-west 
>Pt  out  for  that  juirposi 
difficnlty  of  their  journ 
meetings  of  this  kind. 
mnt  set  out  fi-om  Nia; 
|requeiit  conversations 
It  as  iiis  opinion,  that  in 
m  should  make  the  I 
He  still  expiessed  good 
'  iPV  would  see  it  to  be 
relieved  war  would  ens 
'n  would  not  consent 


Book  V.      ; 
0  white     '■ 


Ins  wiir- 

(-•oiiiity, 

i;  otlitTs 

>'c>  millH, 

I  i)liict's 
li  ilii'in, 
•loiioiis, 

)lt(>    CIll)- 

tlicy  liU 

It!  Itoiies 
•iniinii'iit 
))|iiiiiit('(l 
vs  lor  4;i 
tbiiimliiy, 

npaiiy  ot' 

itii  alioiit 

Iv  WDIIM.II 

;{()o  ciittio 

es,  !l   11(!W 

3r(int  WHS 

II  tliuii  we 

in  Indians 

of  wiitiiiir 

I'ollowiiif,' 

men  of  the 

an  nations 

■  the  heard 

villi  razors, 

aim  (;/  iliK 

elliis  }ir(ir- 

strasv:lini: 

'on,  that  [f 

kicl;  as  Ihr 

tile  bcarl'' 

A.NEGA." 


CHAP,  v.] 


BRANT— HIS  EXERTIONS  FOR  PEACE. 


03 


tlic  son-iri-lnw  of  Brant,  tlioy  assisted  in  druvvinj^  the  arrows  from  the  woiind- 
,(|,  and  tlicn  went  olll* 

When  the  liidiaii.s  upon  tho  soutliern  and  western  frontier  were  showing 
llieinselves  iiostilr,  in  171)1,  Colonel  Bnint  used  ins  exertions  to  prevent  hos- 
tilitii'f',  hy  \isitinj;  sneii  tribes  as  appear(;d  liostile.  His  ninne  appears  in 
inaay  ini|)ortant  transactions  of  tiios-  times.  Tiie  l)onndary  line  hetweeii 
llio  L'nitid  States  and  tlie  Indian  nations  had  not  heen  satisliietoriiy  estah- 
lislicd,  wliicli  was  the  canse  of  nnieii  troni)le.  A  f,'entleman  in  Canada  wrote 
to  aiiotiier  in  tiie  state  of  New  Y'orU,  inider  thitc;  of  2  Anj^nst,  17!)1, 
wher.'in  Colonel  Jinint  is  thus  mentioned:  "Ca|)t.  Joseph  lirant,  alter  havinf^ 
aiiiMuled  fi)r  sonn-  time  the  conneiis  of  tin;  western  Indians  at  the  Miami 
River,  set  olf  a  tew  days  n'^o  for  Untdiec,  attended  with  several  of  the  chiefs 
from  that  (piarter ;  as  they  avowedly  ;ro  to  ask  Lord  Darchtstei's  advice,  and 
3j  «e  well  know  his  and  <.'overnment's  strong  desin^  for  peace,  we  would 
;l;iilly  hope  that  it  may  he  the  means  of  bringing  on  an  acconnnodation." 

ll!  l/'.J'i,  his  arrival  in  I'hiladedphia  is  thus  publicly  notiecsd  in  the  Ga/etto 
it'tiiat  (ity: — ^' ('i\\n.  Joseph  liniitl,  the  principal  warrior  chief  of  tin;  Six 
Nations,  arrived  in  this  city  on  VVedntssday  evening  hist,  (June  '^0.)  It  is  said 
liis  erraial  is  a  visit  to  a  nimd)er  of  his  acipiaintimce  residing  here,  and  to 
pay  liis  respects  to  the  president  of  the  United  States."  He  left  there  about 
[jie  heginning  of  Jidy,  upon  another  peace  excursion  among  the  western 
irihes,  which  still  remaiia-d  liostile. 

Wlien  General  fVai/ne  was  marching  into  the  Indian  comitry,  in  17!K3,  many 
of  the  tribes  were  alarmed,  liaving  heard  that  his  army  consisted  of  8000 
men.  Learning,  also,  that  connnissioners  iiccompanied  the  army,  authorized 
to  treat  of  peace,  and  wishing  to  know  the  strength  of  the  Americans,  thirty 
cliiets  of  dirterent  tribes  were  dtispatched  upon  this  im|)ortant  business. 
(iilonel  Brant  was  one  of  these  HO  Indian  amlmssiidors.  If  the  Americans 
would  make  the  Ohio  the  boimdary,  tiiey  wished  peace.  The  whole  cause 
of  General  JVayne's  war  appears  to  li  s  been  about  the  lands  lying  west  of 
tlie  Ohio  and  Alleghany  Rivers,  We  liave  no  doid)t  Brant  secretly,  if  not 
openly,  advocated  tiie  establislnnent  of  this  boundary ;  yes.  and  we  must 
acknowledge  that  if  lie  did,  it  was  from  the  best  of  reasons.  We  know  that 
Tnumseh  labored  incessantly  lor  this  boundary.  Rightly  did  they  conceive 
of  the  mighty  wave  of  popidation  rolling  westward,  soutliward  and  iiortli- 
wiird.  Truly,  they  must  have  been  blind  not  to  have  seen  that  it  was  about 
to  engulf  them  forever!  Wlien  they  bad  met  the  commissioners,  and  found 
llieni  inflexible  in  their  determination.  Brant,  with  most  of  the  chiefs  of  the 
Six  Nations,  gave  up  the  jioint  as  hopeless,  preferring  peace,  on  any  terms, 
10  war.  But  the  Wyandots,  Delawares,  Shawanees  uud  Miamis  would  not 
agree  to  it. 

Mention  will  be  found  in  the  account  of  Farmers-brother  of  a  great  council 
bi'lil  hy  the  chiefs  of  most  of  the  westt>rn  nations  at  Niagara,  in  April,  1793. 
Ill  this  council  it  was  agreed  that  peace  should  be  mainUiined ;  and  "  they 
iimiiiinioiisly  agreed  to  meet  the  Americans  in  a  grand  council,  to  be  holden 
llie  June  Ibllowing,  upon  the  south  side  of  Lake  Erie  ;  and  for  the  purpose 
of  making  the  jxiace  more  jiermanent  and  extensive,  they  have  apjminted 
Brant  who  is  now  their  king  of  kings,  to  go  and  convene  all  those  tribes  who 
live  to  the  north-west  of  Lake  Ontario.  He  acconlingly,  the  day  idler, 
set  out  for  that  inu'pose,"  The  Indians  did  not  assemble  until  July,  Irotji  the 
ditHculty  of  their  journeys  and  other  causes,  which  is  generally  the  case  with 
meetings  of  this  kind.  The  council  was  held  at  Sandusky,  and  Colonel 
Brant  .set  out  from  Niagara  for  that  ])lace  in  May.  IJefore  leaving,  he  Jiad 
freiiuent  conversations  with  a  gentleman  of  rcspcctaliility,  to  wliom  he  gave 
it  as  iiis  opinion,  that  no  peace  could  take  place,  until  the  Ohio  and  Muskin- 
pini  should  make  the  boundary  between  the  Americans  and  the  red  men. 
lie  still  expiessed  good  feelings  towards  the  United  States,  and  hoped  that 
''ley  would  see  it  to  be  their  interest  to  agree  to  that  boundary,  as  he  firmly 
..elieved  war  would  ensue  should  they  refuse.  He  even  said,  that,  in  case 
ihey  would  not  consent  to  make  these  rivers  the  boundary,  he  should  luke 


Carey's  Museum,  vi.  178 


04 


BR  VNT.— CONTENDS  FOR  Till:  OHIO   HOIIXDAUV.       {i'.,,,,^  y 


l)art  n;:aiiist  tliciii.     It  was   not  afrrccd  to ;  out  wo  do  not  licar  tljac  tlio  old 
cliicC  was  ai'tiially  ('ii;rai;«!(l  in  llic  Imslililii  s  that  followed. 

How  iniicli  IJM!  I'ji^rlisli  of  Canada  inllucncrd  tiir  inr.isiircs  of  tlic  Iniliatjs 
it  is  didiciilt  to  dctcrniiiu' ;  *  lait  men  liUi'  I'ontiiir,  lirnnl  and  Ttnun.vh  luiild 
easily  sec  thronnii  sncli  dnplicity  as  was  pnictiscd  liy  a  fuw  nn|)iiMii|i|(.d 
M|M'cnlators,  as  .W'AVc,  (iiiiif  and  Billot.  'V\\vy  liad,  doidi'lcss,  conceived  limt 
if  tlie  Ohio  and  Mnskinirinii  wen;  made  the  lionndary,  it  wonid  lie  an  ( a-v 
matter  iltr  llieni  to  possess  tininsc'lves  of  the  country  (roni  thence  to  tlm 
lakes,  and  thus  enlari;u  the  extent  of  Canada.  They  knew  well  that  if  tho 
Indians  possessed  lliis  tract  of  country,  it  would  he  no  ditlicult  matter  to  ^_ 
purchase  it  from  them  by  na-ans  of  a  ii-w  trillin<;  article's,  compa/ati\elv  of  ^K'l 


no  (M)nsideration,  and  that  worst  of  calamities,  ardent  spirits  !  In  this  ijicv 
wen;  disap|)ointed,  and,  with  tho  hatth;  of  I'rescpie  Isle,  resijjfned  their  ImrMs 
at  least  for  a  season.  Tla^y  urj^ed  upon  tho  Indians  wliat  thoy  nnisl  Imvo 
boon  well  assia-ed  ol^ — tin'ir  (histruction  ! 

Much  has  been  said  luul  written  of  tho  cold-lilooded  atrocities  of  'hvnt 
but  which,  in  our  opinion,  will  bo  much  h'ssenod  on  beinj;-  able  to  r<iino 
pretty  near  the  truth  of  his  history.  Every  suc<'essful  warrior,  at  least  in  liin 
day,  is  denounced  by  the  vancpiishod  as  u  barbarian.  JV(tiwlton  was  tiais 
branded  by  all  tho  world — wo  ask  no  excuse  for  our  chief  on  this  s<(ire— all 
wars  are  barbarous,  aud  hence  those  who  wif^o  them  aro  barbarians!  'l'iii.s 
W(!  ivuow  to  be  stronfj;  lan;,Miag(! ;  but  wo  are  pi-(!parod  to  prove  our  assiitioii. 
When  mankind  shall  have  bor-n  cultivated  and  improved  to  that  extent  wliidi 
human  nature  is  capable  of  attaiuiiif?, — when  tho  causes  of  avarice  and 
dissensiou  are,  driven  out  of  ilie  human  mind,  by  takinji  away  the  iinaiis 
which  excit(!  iliom, — then,  aiul  not  till  then,  will  wars  and  a  multitude  ef 
attending  calamities  cease. 

As  a  sani])lc  of  tho  stories  circtdating  about  Co\oue\  Brant,  while  the  af- 
fairs of  Wyoming  and  Chorry-valley  were  liosli  in  the  recollectioiiy  of  ail, 
wo  extract  from  IVeUVs  Travels  the  following: — f 

"With  a  considerable  body  of  bis  troops  ho  joined  the  forces  under  the 
command  of  Sir  ^o/i/i  Jo/ms^on."  "A  skirmish  took  place  with  a  IkkK of 
American  troops ;  the  action  was  warm,  and  Brant  was  shot  by  ii  niii^kct 
ball  in  his  heel;  but  the  Americans,  in  the  end,  were  defeated,  andan  olKctT 
with  about  00  men  were  taken  prisoners.  The  officer,  after  having  (Itliveri.d 
up  his  sword,  had  ent(;red  into  conversation  with  Colonel  Johnston,  who  com- 
manded the  British  troopsj  and  they  were  talking  together  in  the  most  tiiind- 
ly  manner,  when  Brant  having  stolen  slily  ])ehind  them,  laid  the  yXiiii  lican 
ofiicer  lifeless  on  the  ground  with  a  blow  of  his  tomahawk.  The  indiguatiDU 
of  Sir  John  Jofmston,  as  may  be  readily  supj)oscd,  was  roused  by  such  an  act 
of  treachery,  and  ho  resented  it  in  the  warmest  terms.  Brant  listciu d  to 
Iiim  unconcernedly,  and  when  he  had  finished,  told  him,  that  he  ivas  somij'or 
his  displeasure,  hut  that,  indeed,  his  heel  was  extremehj  painful  at  the  moiiittit,  mid 
he  could  not  help  revens^nfi;  himself  on  the  only  chief  of  the  part;/  that  h'  saw  tnki  h." 

Upon  this  passage  the  author  of  the  Annals  of  Tryon  Coiuityl  oliscrvrs: 
"  I  have  heard  a  story  somewhat  similar  told  of  him,  but  it  was  said  that 
the  officer  was  killed  to  prevent  his  being  retaken  by  the  Americans,  wlio 
were  in  pursuit."    This  we  s!)ould  pronounce  very  rfiVsiinilar  to  tlie  stoiy 


*  We  will  liear  a  ereat  writer  and  traveller  upon  this  subject,  whose  means  of  forniiiij  a 
correct  judgment,  it  IS  presumed,  will  no'  be  <iu(^slioncd.  "  Jc  remarquerai  a  cctle  occasion 
sans  m'cleiidro  davaiilajje  sur  c,  sujot,  fjue  toule  la  politi|iie  do  rAnglclerre  avec  les  Imiiens 
est  absohmieiil  dans  les  mains  des  ageiis,  qui  seals  en  cnlendent  lt>  langiie  ;  et  qui  sciils  soul 
les  distributeiirs  dcs  preseiis;"  &.c.  Voii<ige  dans  If.s  Etals-unis  eu  171)5,  etc.  Par  La 
Koclie/oHcaiild-Liciiicoiirt.  ii.  78.  The  duke  Wiis  al  Newark,  U.  C,  al  this  lime,  "licrc  he 
witnessed  a  Imsiness  asscniblage  of  Indians.  After  a  dance,  which  they  held  Ijcforc  llitir 
audience  with  the  governor  of  Canada,  tlic  duke  says  thai,  "  Pendant  ccs  jei^x,  rnseiil  s'csl 
approche  du  general  avec  un  dcs  chefs,  el  lui  a  dii  (|ue  sa  nation  de  Tuscorora  Ic  coiisuldiit 
pour  savoir  si  elle  irail  a  un  conseil  lonu  par  les  iiidiens  Oncydas  a  Onoiidago  pour  vciulre 
leurs  terres  de  reserve,  ([ue  I'Elal  de  New  Ycrck  desirail  aclieter.  l-c  gouvernenr  a  rcpoiiilu 
tres-vaguement  a  celle  qiieslion  ;  i'agenl  a  tradnil  comme  il  a  voulu  celte  renonsc;  iii;iisila 
rtplique  au  gouverncur  (If  la  part  ties  Indiens  qui  comne  ils  croyticiit  etre  plus  agri'alilcs  au 
roy  d'Anglelerre  en  n'y  allant  nas ;  ils  u'iraient  pas."    Ibid.  77. 

i  Page  4SG,  octavo  ed.  L  mdon,  1800.  t  In  the  Appendix,  p.  16. 


i:5 


[Chap.  V.] 

loi.i  by  Mr.  mid.    i 
i  st(iry  has  grown, 

|IJi,Mlllt. 

L'i)li)nel  lirant  wn. 
Cmirluin  by  an  bidia 
jirording  t(»  th»!  Ind 
el' a  Miss  Moore,  at  } 
iiisi.sti.'d  on  ixMiig  n 
!oii«;t'r  Miss  Crosrhan. 
niiiipanioii-in-arMis, 
tiiiiiitrv,  yet  earned  ^ 

kinnize  marriages  n 


King  G'eor/re  conli 
'j|iiiii  the  west  shore 
ie  English  tiishion. 
il'lilo,  hut  woidd  adii 
w  luisbiuid,  wliich 
Rivir,  there  to  .spc^K 
»liili'.slie  lefl  behimi 
w  imve  s|)olv(!n,  with 
mil  constituted  an  air 
Ilk,  is  a  man  of  note 
jtii  mentioned,  and  i 
vr  11.'' till!  (U)lonial  as,- 
II  the  county  of  ]f.||(| 
*lciiieff     Several  oi 
!  «;Yni<— rnadilla,  oi 
■f'|ircseiit  site  of  Coi 
-I'lin;  the  Mohawks  ri 
to'  revolution    was  r 
fciiid  liiv(!r,  which  fa 
'm  the  town  of  New 
or -10  negroes,  wiio  tot 
WW,"  .says  Mr.  ff'eld, 
iiteiii|)t  to  make  their 
K)iil(l  ti)llow  their,  hii 
will  loiuahavvk  them 
;oo  .veil  not  to  think  th 
imliorsays  tliat  Brant 
Ufiiitain,  amounted  t( 
•Vii  idea  of  the  impo 
'ircNiiistancc,  that  a  gc 
"""  nt  least,  by  not  I 
m  law  case  l()r  Jiim. 
*iii''ss  had  been  irive 
"U'lieiievo-'theatfliii 
ws  it  to  !),>  Ids  intt 
ai^'iiage,  of  which  he 
^'tiiiiii  the  original,  in 
r.t  tills  same  man,  shoi 
»*  liis  own  hand. 
■•*»■,  who  had  often 
''''":ii;r,  lie  absolutely  e 
!^PI»I(^  with  him,  peril! 
'»n,  wlie;i  IJrant  drew 
f  ■'!<■•'  of  this  airair  wii 
*'"">  wiiicii  another 

•  Uw/i'('i.,«',v  Sketches,  i. 

\     til  1  r  "••'^*'>"".  espc 
I  -  It'fW,  Travels,  4^7. 


IHooK  V. 
I  tin;  old 


CHAP-  v.] 


DRANT.— HIS  DEATH. 


05 


lUIIH, 


•    Ill.l 
l.vll  roiild 

)riiiri|i|(.(l 
t;ivt:(l  iliat 
!  nil  ca^y 

t'<!    to     till! 

Imt  if  tlio 

llliltll'l-    to 

rativcly  of 

this  "tliry 

icir  Ilii|ii's, 

iiiiitit  liavu 

I  C)t'  'irant, 
(!  to  i-'iino 
Usist  in  his 
I  was  thus 

ssrorc — all 
alls!  This 
r  iissrrtiiiii. 
vtriit  whirh 
ivarico  ami 

tilt'  iiR'aiis 
lUltitiulu  of 

hilc  till'  af- 
tioiia  ot"  all, 

)  unilor  the 
I  II  liixly  of 
py  a  iiiiisket 
|ii(l  an  olKcur 
ig  (Irlivcrcd 
11,  who  com- 
uoit  tVii'nil- 
le  Anu'ricmi 
I  iiulijniiuiou 
such  an  ai't 
listcMud  to 
vas  somiJ'or 
momotl,  and 
'  saw  taking 
\  observes: 
IS  said  that 
ricaiis,  who 
Ito  the  story 


Is  of  forming  a 
1  celle  occaMon 
Ivec  les  liiiliciis 
(|ni  sculs  >01ll 
J  etc.  l'^<'  '■" 
lime,  «liiTC  he 
lic'lbre  their 
l.x  ra^ciil  s'csl 
Ira  Ic  consulUiil 
Vo  poiir  viMuIre 
Cunir  a  repoiiilii 
loiisc;  iiiiiisiU 
lis  agreables  au 

Icndix,  p.  16- 


(old  liy  Ml".  Weld.     But  tlicro  wus,  no  doiilit,  some  eircimistniiro  out  of  wliicli 
jstmy  lias  grown,  tin;   truth  of  wiiicli,   wi;   apimOifiid,  in  now  past  find 

jiBff  (lilt. 

I'oloiii'l  liriint  was  married,  in  tlin  winter  of  177!t,  to  a  daugliter  of  ("ohinel 

■  CriirlKUi  liy  an  Indian  woman.     He  had  li'.ed  with  her  some  time  (td  lihUiiin, 

iicroi'iling  to  tin;  Indian  manner,  hut  at  this  time  lieing  present  at  the  weilding 

'  fa  Miss  J/of>;T,  at  Niagara,  (one  of  the  captives  taken  h'om  ("herry-valley,) 

iiiDsisteil  on   hiiing  married   himself;    and  thus  liis  consort's  name   was  no 

Kii^'er  Miss  Croirlinn,  lint  Mrs.  liriitil.     Tiie  ceremony  was  pcrtiirmed  hy  his 

}(iiiii|iaiiioii-iii-arms,  Colonel    John   Jiiillvr,  who,  although    lie    had    left   his 

■'ioiiiiitrv,  yd  carmd  so  much  of  his  magislrato'H  conunission  with  liim,  us  to 

I4^t(iltm»i:«  marriages  ftccor<liii<r  to  law. 

,   King  Georfft  conli'rred  on  his  famous  ally  a  valuahh;  tract  of  hind  situated 

I  j|iiiii  tilt!  west  shore  of  Lake  (Jntario,  where  he  tiiially  setlled  antl  livtJtl  aftei 

jie  English  liishion.     His  wift;,  however,  would  never  cotiform  to  this  nmtle 

lo,  liiit  would  adhert!  to  the  ciistoiu  of  the  Iiitlians,  antl  on  th     th-atli   of 

|:er  liiishand,  which  happenetl  '-it  Noveu'hcr,  ]ti07,  she  rejiaired  to  (Jiaiid 

jRivif,  there  to  speiitl  her  tiays  in  a  wigwam,  with  some  of  her  cliihlron, 

Iwliilc  she  lellhehind  others  in  a  commodioii..  dwelling.*     A  son,  of  whom 

If  liave  spoken,  with  a  sister,  lately  occupit;d  this  mansion  of  tlirir  father, 

I iiiil  constituted  an  amiahle  and  hospitaolo  family.     This  son,  wh     e  iiamt;  is 

','i)i,  is  a  man  of  note,  and  is  tlit;  same  who  was  in  England  in       1%  as  li,,s 

jiii  iii''iitioiied,  antl  the  same,  wt;  (uinclutle,  who  has  heon  rot.n  .rd  a  nieiii- 

yro.'tlie  colonial  assrmhly  of  Uppt^r  Caiuula.     His  jilace  of  residence  was 

11  the  county  of  Huldiman,  in  Hrantforil,  so  trailed,  ])rol>ahly,  iu  honor  of  the 

iiichief.t     Several  other  jilaees  are  mentioned  as  having  heen  the  residence 

ilimnt — IJiiailiUa,  or  Anatiuatpia,  (which  is  ahoiit ,'}()  miles  south-west  liom 

I"  present  site  of  Cooper,.t()wn,)  and  Niagara.     He  resitled  at  thesis  jilaces 

line  the  MohuAvks  removtiil  to  Canada,  which  was  soon  alter  Jit;  war  of 

::■  revolution    was  ended.     Tluiy  made    their    principal    residence    ii])on 

ijniiid  liiver,  which  falls  into  Lake  Erie  on  the  north  side,  ahont  (iO  miles 

Miitlio  town  of  Newark,  or  Niagara.     At  one  time,  he  hud  no  less  than  liO 

irW  negroes,  Wiio  took  care  of  his  horses  antl  lands.     "Thest;  ps.'or  erea- 

ItiiriTi,"  says  Mr.  Held,  "an;  kejit  in  the  greatest  subjection,  ami  they  tiare  not 

i;ti'iM|)t  to  make  their  escapi;,  tor  he  has  assured  tlitiiu,  that  if  they  diti  so,  lit; 

I fiiilii  follow  then,  himselt;  though  it  were  to  the  confines  of  Georgia,  and 

poiild  tonialiuwk  them  wherever  he  met  tlicin.    They  know  his  disposition 

I :«i  ivell  iioi  to  think  thut  he  would  udlusre  strictly  to  his  wortl."     The  sume 

iiilior  says  that  Brant  received  ])resent.s,  whici,  together  with  his  half-pay 

ijci'ptaiii,  umounted  to  £500 /Jtr  arnum. 

All  idea  of  the  importance  of  this  chief,  in  1795,  may  be  formed  from  the 

irc'iimstaiice,  thut  a  ge.itlemun  considered  himself  a  loser  to  the  amount  of 

;IOO,  at  least,  by  not  being    ble  to  arrive  at  Niagara  in  season  to  attend  to 

|.*jiiie  law  case  for  him.     Contrary  winds  liad  iirevented  his  arrival,  uiitl  the 

Niii'ss  had  been  given  to  another.}: 

"Whuiieve.'  the  attiiirs  of  his  nation  shall  permit  him  to  do  so,  Brant  de- 

iiis  it  to  he  his  intention  to  sit,  down  to  the  further  study  of  the  Gnjck 

iL'imge,  of  which  he  professes  I'linself  to  be  a  great  admirer,  and  to  trans- 

■■'"■  tioiii  the  original,  into  the  Mohawk  language,  more  of  the  New  Testament ; 

■I  this  same  man,  shortly  bel'ore  we  arrived  at  Niagara,  killed  his  own  son, 

»iili  his  own  hanil.     The  son,  it  seems,  was  a  drunken,  good-for-nothing 

j'lluw,  wlio  had  ollt;n  avowed  his  intention  of  destroying  his  father.     One 

jtiviiiiig,  he  absolutely  entered  the  apartment  of  his  latuer,  and  had  begun  to 

pp|ile  with  him,  perhaps  with  a  view  to  put  his  unnatural  threats  in  execii- 

h'li,  when  Brant  drew  a  short  sword,  and  felled  him  to  the  ground.     He 

Ifik*  of  tliis  alfair  with  regret,  but,  at  Mie  same  time,  without  any  of  that 

|tiiiotioii  which  another  person  than  uu  Inuiun  might  be  supposetl  to  feel.    He 

'  Minium's  Skelrhcs,  i.  ST.. 

t  Mr.  VanijMi's  Annals  ot'Tryon  County  lias  been  one  of  our  main  sources  of  information 
r«%'h(mt  ihis  account  especially  of  tho  revolutionary  period. 
'  •  Wdd,  Travels,  487. 


f. 


06 


nilANT. 


[Book  V. 


consolcH  hiniHcIf  for  tfin  net,  by  thinking  tlint  lio  linn  hftnofitnd  tho  nntion  It 
riddinif  it  »»t'a  riiHcal."*  '  '^ 


With  n><.'ar<i  to  the  (ircsM  of  the  nachi'Mi,  tht'rc  has  Itccii  soirir  contnulirtion 
Mr.  ffdd,  though  \w  (h<l  not  s(!f  him,  wiys  h*;  won-  his  Imir  in  ihn  ]\Hi\i  n 
fashion,  as  lin  also  ditl  his  clothes  ;  cxcfiit  liiat,  instead  of  the  hlaiikei,  he  woi 
a  kind  of  hnntuig  frock.  This  was  in  I7!lf>.  lint  it  w.-is  re|Miitid,  that  in 
I7!»\i,  Urnxt  having  waited  on  Lord  Dorrhmtir,  tiie  governor  of  (.'unachi,  niMin 
8(>ino  business,  his  lordshiji  told  liiin,  tiiat  as  lit;  was  an  ollicer  in  the  Mritlsh 
service,  lu;  ought  to  lay  aside  tins  Indian  dress,  and  assume!  that  of  an  Kiiirhsli 
captain;  and  that,  if  he  persisted  in  wearing  an  Indian  dresH,  ho  should 'iston 
hi»  pay.     It  is  added  that  tliereti|ion  he  changed  his  dress.f 

When  Colonel  Brant  arrived  at  any  princi|)al  city,  his  arrival  was  pnlilifly 
nnnonnced  in  t\w  gazettes  with  great  minuteness.  Although  we  huvo  given 
Bome  specimens  of  these,  we  will  add  one  more: — 

"N(!W  York,  June  ^0.  I7!»2.  On  Monday  last  arrived  in  this  citv,  from 
his  settlement  on  (iraiid  River,  on  a  visit  to  sonit;  of  his  tiiends  in  this  (iimr- 
ter,  ('aptaiii  Joseph  lirniutt,  of  the  Jlrilish  army,  the;  tiiiiMHis  IMohawk  cliicf 
who  so  eminently  distinguished  himself  during  the  late  war,  as  tin;  niijitnrv 
Jeader  of  the  .Six  Nations.  We  are  iidbrmed  that  he  intends  to  visit  tla-  city 
of  Philadelphia,  and  pay  his  resp(;cts  to  the  president  of  tin;  1 1.  States  "t 
(leneral  ff'askinglon,  which  lie  did.  We  have  l)eti)re  mentioned  his  visit' to 
that  ciiy. 

Th(!  very  respectable  traveller  §  RochefoucmUd  thus  notices  onr  chief:  ''.\t 
24  miles  from  this  place,  (Newark,  U.  (v.)  upon  Clrand  River,  is  an  estaidisli- 
meiit  which  1  had  l)een  curious  to  visit.  It  is  that  of  Colonel  lirmit.  l{iit 
the  colonel  not  being  at  home,  and  being  assured  that  I  should  see  little  cist; 
than  what  I  had  already  seen  among  thos(!  people,  I  gave  over  my  iiitciiiiDii. 
Colon(d  Jirant  is  an  Indian  who  took  i)art  with  the  English,  and  haviii<r  Im.ih 
in  England,  was  commissioned  by  the  king,  tuid  j)olitely  treated  by  every  one. 
His  manners  are  half  European.  He  is  accompanitul  by  two  negro  tiervants 
and  is  in  appearance  like  an  Englishman.  He  has  a  garden  and  iitrin  niulir 
cidtivfition  ;  dresses  almost  entirely  lik(^  an  European,  and  has  great  iiitliiciico 
over  the  Indians.  He  is  at  present  [17!K')]  at  Miami,  holding  a  treaty  witii 
the  United  States,  in  comimny  with  the  Indians  of  the  west.  He  is  (if|iially 
respected  by  the  Americans,  who  extol  so  mucli  his  character,  that  1  roiqct 
much  not  to  have  seen  him."  |{ 

The  great  respect  in  Avliich  Brant  was  held  in  England  will  be  very  appar- 
ent  from  a  jierusal  of  the  following  letter,11  dated  12  December,  1785:  "Mon-  ' 
day  last,  Colonel  Joseph  Brant,  the  celebrated  king  of  the  Mohawks,  arrived 
in  this  city,  [Salisbury,]  from  America,  and  atler  dining  with  Colonel  de  Pas- 
ter, at  the  Iiead-«iuarters  here,  proceeded  immediately  on  his  journey  to 
London.  This  extraordinary  pei-sonage  is  said  to  have  presided  at  tlie  late 
grand  congress  of  confederate  chiefs  of  the  Indian  tuition  in  America,  ami  to 
be  uy  them  aj)pointed  to  the  conduct  and  chief  command  in  the  war  wliich 
they  now  meditate  against  the  United  States  of  America.  He  took  his  de- 
parture for  England  immediately  as  that  assembly  broke  up ;  and  it  is  con- 

*   Weld,  Travels,  489.  t  Apollo  for  1792.  f  American  Apollo,  '297. 

6  Duke  de  Liancourt,  Travels,  ii.  81,  before  cited,  from  whom  we  translate  this. 

II  This  French  traveller  seems  to  have  been  in  advance  of  history,  in  as  far  as  he  thus  early 
sets  in  their  proper  light  the  characters  of  the  heroes  of  Wyoming.     After  spcnkiiis;  of  iliel 
influence  of  Indian  agents  over  those  people,  as  we  have  extracted  in  a  previous  note,  heiiiiu 
consigns  to  Colonel  liutler  the   place  wliich  he  is  doubtless  to  hold  in  all  aftor-liiiie  in  the 
annals  of  his  country: — '•  L'ageiU  anglais  dont  ilcst  ici  queston,  est  leCMoncl  Bttlller, (mmaxi 
par  scs  inceiidies,  ses  pillages  et  ses  nieurtres  dans  la  guerre  d'Amerique.     II  est  lui-niime  j 
Americain  d'auprc's  de  Wilkesbarrc  ;  [one  of  the  towns  in  the  valley  of  Wyoming  ;]  son  pro- 
lendu  loyalisme  qu'il  a  su  se  fairc  payer  de  brevets  et  de  trailemcns,  lui  a  tail  connnoiire  plus  j 
de  barbaries,  plus  d'infamies  contre  sa  patrie,  ciu'a  qui  que  cc  soil.     II  connuisait  Ics  Indicns, 
Icur  indiquait  les  formes,  les  maisons  a  bn'iler,  les  victimes  a  scarpcler,  Ics  enfans  i'l  diT liirer.  | 
L' Andelerre  a  recompense  son  loyalisme  de  cinq  mille.  acres  de  lerre  pour  lui,  <rinie  qiiaiiiiie  | 
pareillc  pour  ses  eufiuis,  d'unc  pension  de  deux  a  Irois  cents  livres  sterlings,  d'uiie  place  | 
d'agent  aupres  dcs  Indiens,  qui  lui  en  vaut  cinq  cents  autres,  avec  la  faciliic  de  puiser  a  vo- 
lontr  dans  Ics  magasiiis  de  prescns."     Rochefoucauld,  ul  supra,  (ii.  78 — 9.) 

TT  There  is  no  name  to  this  letter;  but  it  was  written  in  Salisbury,  Eng.,  and  thence  sentt»| 
London,  where  it  was  published. 


t 


l^'^ 


[DooK  V. 
iiitidii,  liy 
radirtion.    % 

In-    llHliilll     V 

t,  lie  ssoro    tj 
'•I,  timt.  ill    ^■ 

lIUllI,  ll|MI||      }>' 

III'  lirilir-li 
111  Kii;;li!*li    ■ 
Klllld  siiip 

IS  |)iililic|y 
liiivo  (.'ivcii 

city,  from  '• 
I  this  i|iiar- 
iiiwk  <'liict" 
\\v  militurv 
isit  till!  t'itv 
I.  Stiit('s,"'l 

liis  visit  Id 


cliiff:   "At  , 
111  cstalilisii- 
limnt.    Hut 
,(!(■  littio  clsi! 
ly  iiilcntioii. 
liavini;  lui n 
ly  ovi-ry  (inc. 
<;ro  serviMit-i, 
I  I'anii  iiiuiir  , 
oat  inihicMce  ' 
^i  treaty  witli 
o  is  (iqiiiilly 
that  1  iT;:i(<t 


II  Apollo,  'i'J7, 
lliis. 
I  as  he  lluis  early 
spcakinp;  of  ilie 
MIS  iiolc,'lielhiu, 
jl'lcr-limc  In  the 
\  Ihltlerjmm  . 
II  est  lui-ininie  M 

|.mins  ;]  *"»  P"'-  € 
comniotlre  plus  -.I 
lisait  Ics  Indieiii,  § 
liifaiis  ii  (li'oliiror. 
lijd'iintMluaiiiiie' 
lugs,  (rune  place ; 
"lie  puiscr  a  vo- 

ndlhenceseniwi 


Chid'  oC   the     Senecas 


cur.  VI.] 


RKD-JACKET 


97 


Chap.  VI.] 

jertiired  that  his  einha 
ooiiiitry  owes  imicli  to 
Aiiiericu.     lie  wus  etll 
ill  Lel)iiuon,  Coiiuecticl 
i'oiirii|:,'e  and  uhihtics  n{ 
inlioii." 
It  has  been  denied  tl 

I  at  Wyoming,  but  it  sej 
deceived  ut  that  time  ; 

I  almost  every  one  of  th 
liiut  he  wa.s  at  Wy<)iui| 

1  poet  to  be  believed.'' 
Brmit  was  said  to  havd 

I  ried  ff'iUiam  J.  Ker,  Esil 
lliose  we  have  nieiitiol 
ttiotlier  named  Jacob,  e\ 
ihe  care  of  Dr.  Wheelock 
in  tlie  winter  of  1831. 


Ms  in  the  his  tor  if  of  the 
nous  speech  to  a  mission 
his  country — Resolves  to 
iiccou nt  ofh im —  IVitchcr 
jiut  to  death  for  being 
hifaijette — Council,   at 
dflphia — His  speech  to  tl 
iir  Good-peter — Mirrativ 

BRUTHKR,  or  HoNAYAWU 

—AccoulU  of  his  death — j 
rdarij  of  war — Notice  oj 

KING — JuSKAKAKA,or  Lr 
Bifi-TRKE GVKNTWAIA, 

If ashinfrton — Grant  of  I 
Further  account  of  Corn- 
his  life — His  sons. 

T«E  Senecas  were  th( 

I  Nations,  uiid,  according 

joined  that  confederacy. 

hays,  "tiiey  are  styled  bj 

iht'ir  title  in  councils  is  C 

Jioiians,  from  their  priii 

iccording  to  Colden,  is  S 

k  related  as  we  proceed 

|it^^rliii|)8,  the  most  illustri 

SAGOYEWATHA,§ 


III  a  late  rrimiiial  trial  vvl 

I  k' ilcfcmlaiit,  out  ofrospocl  t 

anil'  a  nuircler  was  cuniinittcd 

I  l^iniioooiipe  told  the  writer, 

jnliody's  business  ;  and,  there 

I  This  wc  offer  as  a  parallel  ca 

law"  to  lielieve  our  cliiorcntii 

t  American  Mag. 

^  Tlic  common  method  ol 

liiclrciUy  of  "  Konondai^a, 

Jniio,  1802,)   Snntrontiuwtititi 

»)  ^i(rllify  "  One  vlio  keeps  ti 

tt  wide  awake,  and  keeps  evi 

9 


CHAP.  VI.] 


RED-JACKET 


97 


jectured  tliat  his  embassy  to  the  Britisii  court  is  of  great  importance.  This 
country  owes  much  to  tlie  services  of  Colonel  Brant  during  the  late  war  in 
America,  lie  was  educated  at  l'hiiadel|)liia,  [at  th»!  Moor's  ciiari*y  school 
ill  Lebanon,  Connecticut,]  is  a  very  shrewd,  intelligent  person,  possesses  great 
I'oiiriige  and  abilities  as  a  warrior,  and  is  uiviolably  attached  to  the  English 
iwtioii." 
It  has  l)e('n  denied  that  Brant  was  in  any  way  engaged  in  the  massacres 

I  jt  Wyoming,  but  it  seems  hardly  possible  that  so  many  should  have  been 
deceived  at  that  time ;  and,  moreover,  we  do  not  ("  that  it  was  denied  until 
almost  every  one  of  that  age  had  left  the  stage  o,  action.     Those  who  deny 

I  liiut  he  was  at  Wyoming  should,  at  least,  j)rove  an  alibi,  or  they  cannot  ex- 
pect to  be  believed.* 
Brant  was  said  to  have  been  65  years  old  at  his  death.   A  daughter  of  his  mar- 
ried William  J,  Ker,  Esq.  of  Niagara,  and  he  had  several  other  children  besides 
liiose  we  have  mentioned.      The  sou  who  visited  England  in   1822,  and 

1  inotlier  named  Jacob,  entered  Moor's  school  at  Hanover,  N.  H.  in  1801,  under 
ilie  care  of  Dr.  WhtelocL  The  former  son,  John,  died  about  two  years  suice, 
in  tlie  winter  of  1831. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Ms  in  the  history  of  the  Seneca  nation — Sagoyewatha,  or  Red-jacket — His  fa- 
mous speech  to  a  missionary — His  intrrnicw  with  Colonel  Snellinir — British  invade 
his  country — Resolves  to  repel  them — His  sticrch  upon  the  event — (iovernor  Clinton's 
lucoimt  of  him — Witchcraft  affair — Complnins  of  encroachments — One  of  his  people 
ptU  to  death  for  being  a  witch — He  d(fend^  the  executioner — His  intervicio  with 
hifaijcttc — Council  at  Caiuindaigna — Farmers-brother — Red-jacket  visits  Phila- 
dtiphia — His  speech  to  the  gorernor  of  Pennsyleania — Speech  of  Jigwelondongwas, 
iir  Good-peter — JVarrativc  of  his  capture  during  the  revolutionary  war — Farmers- 
BKoTHK.H,ur  HoNAVAWus — Visits  Philadelphia. — Petkh-jaquette — Visits  France 
—Account  of  his  death — Memorable  speech  of  Farmers-brother — His  letter  to  the  sec- 
rclary  of  war — M'otice  of  several  other  Seneca  chiefs~-Kovii>G(iVATKu,  or  Young- 

KISG — JuSKAKAKA,«r  LlTTI.F.-BILI.Y — AcHIOUT,  Or  HaI,F-TOWN KlANOOOE  WA,Or 

Bio-tree — Gyentwaia,  or  Coun-plant — Jiddress  of  the  three  latter  to  President 
Washington — Grant  of  land  to  Rig-tree — His  visit  to  Philadelphia,  and  death — 
Further  account  of  Corn-plant — His  oicri  account  of  himself — Interesting  events  in 
Us  life — His  sons. 

TiiE  Senecas  were  the  most  important  tribe  among  the  Iroquois,  or  Five 

I  Nations,  uud,  according  to  Conrad  fVeiser,  they  were  the  fourth  nation  that 

!  joined  that  confederacy.    He  calls  them  t  "  leuontowanois  or  Sinikers,"  and 

I  says,  "they  are  styled  by  the  Mohawks  and  Onondagos,  brothers;"  and  that 

iheir  title  in  councils  is  Onughkaurydaaug.     The  French  call  them  Tsoiinon- 

ihoiinns,  from  their  principal  castle,  or  (;ouncil-house,  the  name  of  which, 

scoording  to  Colden,  is  Sinondowans.  \     Other  particulars  of  this  nation  will 

Ue  related  as  we  proceed  in  detailing  the  lives  of  its  chiefs.     Among  these, 

I  |K'rlin|)s,  the  most  illustrious  was 

SA«OYEWATHA,§  called  by  the  whites,  Red-jacket.    His  place  of  resi- 


lii  a  Kile  rrimiiial  trial  which  has  much  agitated  New  England,  rcasonal)lc  people  said, 
I  lilt' ilcfcndant,  out  of  rcspoct  to  puMic  opinion,  ought  to  make  it  apjwar  where  he  was  at  the 
MIC  a  murder  was  conunitted,  allliousrh  in  law  he  was  not  hound  so  to  do.  An  advocate  for 
tiiniinoence  told  the  writer,  that  "nc  was  not  uhlvyed  to  tell  where  he  was,"  and  it  was 
snliody's  business  ;  and,  therefore,  we  were  hound,  ac  ■•••ding  to  'nw,  to  believe  liiin  innocent. 
This  we  offer  as  a  parallel  case  to  the  one  ni  hand.  But  it  happens  we  are  not  ''  bound  by 
law"  to  iiclieve  our  chief  entirely  innuccnt  of  the  blood  shed  at  vVyoniing. 
I  American  Mag.  X  Hist.  Five  Nations,  i.  42. 

\  The  common  method  of  spelling.  Governor  (Clinton  writes,  Saffuonha.  Written  to, 
!!»'lrii\ly  of  "  Konondaigua,"  (Ndv.  1794,J  Sogirooijairautliati ;  to  ihiM  of  Hufl'..lo  Creek. 
Jiiiio,  1802,]  SootromiawautdH ;  to  that  o(^  Moscow,  (.Sept.  1U23.)  Atixotuila.  It  is  said 
1)  •iiniify  "  One  vho  keepn  awake''  or  simply,  Keeper-awake.  "  So-^we'-e'-uum"-ttVi  ;  lie 
'^  i^idc  awake,  and  keeps  every  body  else  uwuke,  a  very  appropriate  uoine  fof  tlie  Cicero 
9 


98 


RED-JACKET.— SPEECH  TO  A  MISSIONARY. 


[Hook 


bAP.  VI.] 


RED-J 


dence  wa.s,for  ninny  yenrs  previous  to  his  death,  (wiiicli  Imppenerl  20  Janimr 
1830,  at  Ills  own  lioiise,)  about  four  iiiih^s  Iroin  Huffalo,  and  one  mile  north 
of  the  road  that  leads  througi:  the  huid  reserved  for  the  r(!ninant  of  tiie  H(>ii'>  ] 
nation,  railed  the  Reservation.  Il'is  house  vvasu  log-cabin,  situated  In  a'rotir  A 
place.  Some  of  his  tribe  are  Christians,  but  Red-jacket  would  never  hci 
to  any  thing  of  tlie  kind.  He  was  formerly  considered  of  sujjerior  wisdom  ill 
council,  and  of  a  noble  and  dignified  behavior,  which  would  linve  lionorefl 
any  man.  But,  like  nearly  all  his  race,  he  could  not  withstand  the  temptati^ 
of  ardent  spirits,  which,  together  with  his  age,  rendered  him  lattcriv  lest 
wortiiy  notice.  Formerly,  scarce  a  traveller  jiassed  near  his  place  of  resil 
dence,  who  would  not  go  out  of  his  way  to  see  this  wonderful  mail,  and  ti 
hear  his  profound  observations. 

In  the  year  1805,  a  council  wus  held  at  Buffalo,  in  the  state  of  New  York 
at  which  were  [)resent  many  of  the  Seneca  chiefs  and  warriors,  asseniijlcd 
the  request  of  a  missionary,  Mr.  Cram,  from  Massachusetts.     It  was  at  tliii 
lime  that  Red-jacket  delivered  his  fiimous  speech,  about  which  so  niuoli  ha 
been  said  and  written,  and  which  we  propose  to  give  here  at  lengtli,  an  '  rnri 
rectUi ,  as  some  omissions  and  errors  were  contained  in  it  as  pubhslied  at  th« 
time.     It  may  be  taken  as  genuine,  at  least  as  nearly  so  as  the  Indian  Ian** 
guage  can  be  translated,  in  which  it  was  delivered,  for  Red-jacket  would  not 
speak  in  English,  although  he  understood  it.     The  missionary  first  niiule  a 
speech  to  the  Indixns,  in  which  he  explained  the  o])ject  for  which  he  had  cilled 
them  togetiier;  namely,  to  inform  them  that  he  was  sent  by  the  inissionar 
society  of  Boston  to  instruct  them  "how  to  worship  the  Great  Spirit"  nnn 
not  to  get  away  their  lands  and  money ;  that  there  was  but  one  religion,  mi 
unless  tliey  embraced  it  they  could  not  be  happy ;  that  they  had  Ijvc'd  iij: 
darkness  and  great  errors  all  their  lives;  he  w'-lied  that,  if' they  luul  aii^ 
objections  to  his  religion,  they  would  state  them ;  that  he  had  visited  soin« 
smaller  tribes,  who   waited  their  decision    beibre  they  would   consent  t« 
receive  him,  as  they  were  their  "  older  brothers." 

After  the  missionary  had  done  speaking,  the  Lulians  conferred  tOTftijei 
about  two  hours,  by  iliemselves,  when  they  gave  an  answer  by  Red-jack 
which  follows : — 

"Friend  and  brother,  it  was  the  will  of  the  Great  Spirit  that  we  should  nme 
together  this  day.  He  orders  all  things,  and  he  has  given  us  a  line  day  fb| 
our  council.  He  has  taken  his  garment  from  before  the  sun,  and  caused 
to  shine  with  brightness  upon  us ;  our  eyes  are  opened,  that  we  see  clearly] 
our  ears  are  unstopped,  that  we  have  been  able  to  hear  distinctly  the  wdidi 
that  you  have  spoken ;  for  all  these  favors  we  thank  the  Great  Si)irii,  an^ 
him  only. 

"  Brother,  this  council  fire  was  kindled  by  you  ;  it  was  at  your  request  tlia| 
we  came  together  at  this  time ;  we  have  listened  with  attention  to  wliat  voy 
have  said ;  you  requested  us  to  speak  our  minds  freely ;  this  gives  us  jrrea 
joy,  for  we  now  consider  that  we  stand  ujiright  before  you,  and  can  s|)eal 
what  we  think  ;  all  have  heard  your  voice,  and  all  speak  to  you  as  one  nianl 
our  minds  are  agreed. 

"Brother,  you  say  you  want  an  answer  to  your  talk  before  you  leave  tlii( 
place.  It  is  right  you  should  have  one,  as  you  are  a  great  distance  lion 
home,  and  we  do  not  wish  to  detain  you  ;  but  we  will  first  look  back  a  liitle 
and  tell  you  what  our  fathers  have  told  us,  and  what  we  have  heard  from  th^ 
white  people. 

"  Brother,  listen  to  what  toe  say.  There  was  a  time  when  oiu*  forefatlier 
owned  this  great  island.*  Their  seats  extended  from  the  rising  to  the  sefi 
ting  sun.  The  Great  S{)iritliad  i».ad»!  it  for  the  use  of  Indians.  He  had  ere 
ated  the  biiffido,  the  deer,  and  other  animals  for  food.  He  made  the  bea 
and  the  beaver,  and  their  skins  served  us  for  clothing.    He  had  scattered 


of  die  west.     Mis  English  appplldlioii  liad  its  oripn  from  the  eirrumslance  of  his  wcnnni 
when  a  child,  a  red Jurkft.''     Alden's  Arcninil  of  Mi-ixionx,    Ifii. — This  ij  a  very  iwiiirs 
dcrivalioii  ;  but  from  what  i-irciimslniicc  some  of  ihi-  Iiidiiuis  derivi'd  llioir  iiamos,  it  houIi 
hard  to  divine  ;  liius,  Ri'd-jacki'l  had  an  uncle  whose  name  meant  a  /«■«;)  of  dogs,  ib.  IM. 
*  A  gtiiicral  opinion  among  all  the  Indians  that  thisi  country  was  an  island. 


ieiii  over  (lie  counti 

■lie  earth  to  jirodtice 

jreii  because  he  lovet 

licv  wens  generally  .s 

iaj  came  upon  us;  y 

iis  i.xland.    Their  nut 

•jiiV  told  us  they  had 

Slid  come  here  to  enj( 

piiy  on  them,  granted 

ieiii  corn  and  meat; 

now  found  our  counti 

]ji;  yet  we  did  not  f 

ifotlicrs;  we  believed 

ambers  Jiad  greatly 

\(iiiitry.     Our  eyes  w 

,  place;  Indians  were  li 

wre  destroyed.     The' 

iiid  jiowerful,  and  lia.s" 

"Brother,  our  seats  v 

nv  become  a  great 

'  ir  blankets  ;  you  havi 

kf  your  relis;ion  upon 

"Brother,  continue  to 

/uvonshij)  the  Great  S^ 

:  the  religion  which  ; 

;;;tr;  you  say  that  you" 

|.  line  ?    We  understt 

jiciided  fiir  us  as  well 

iiiilnot  only  to  us,  but 

"I'tliut  hook,  with  the 

I  ivliiit  you  tell  us  about 

I  ctieii  deceived  by  the  w 

"  Brother,  you  say  the 

fpirit;  if  there  is  but  c 

ilioiit  it  ?  why  not  all  a 

■^Brother,  we  do  not 

:fligion  was  given  to 

I  liilier  to  son.     AVe  also 

ml  has  been  handed  dt 

v'Mh  us  to  be  thankfui 

I  '*  united ;  we  never  quar 

''Brother,  the  Great  S 

I  nice  between  his  white 

plexion,  and  different  ci 

I  bs  not  ojiened  our  eyes 

I  Mile  sf)  great  a  difll'ren 

'liiiie  tiiat  he  lias  given 

inj;;  the  Great  Spirit  do 

I  «c  iire  satisfied. 

'Brother,  we  do  not  v 
only  want  to  enjoy  our 
"Brother,  you  say  you 
I  mMilen  our  minds.  I 
and  saw  you  collecting 
I  money  was  intended  fi 
>fc  should  conform  to 
from  IIS. 

''Brother,  we  are  told 
Pl'ice;  these  people  art 
«i'l  wait  a  little  while  ai 

Spir 


CKAP.  VI.] 


RED-JACKET.— SPEECH  TO  A  MISSIONARY. 


99 


hicm  over  the  country,  and  taught  us  liow  to  take  them.    He  had   caused 

jji,' earth  to  prochu-c  corn  for  bread.     All  thi.s  he  had  done  for  his  red  chil- 

jreu  becuu.se  he  loved  thtm.     If  we  had  any  disputes  about  hunting  ground-'?, 

W\-  were  generally  .settled  without  the  shedding  of  much  blood  :  but  an  evil 

j  jay  came  upon  us;  your  forefathers  crossetl  the  great  waters,  and  landed  on 

Jiis  i.-iland.    Tlieir  'lumbers  were  small ;  tiiey  found  friend.s,  and  not  enemies; 

Ijjev  told  us  they  had  tied  li-om  their  own  country  lor  li;ar  of  wicked  men, 

L(i  come  here  to  enjoy  their  religion.     They  asked  lor  a  small  seat;  wv,  took 

Ijiiiyon  them,  granted  their  recpiest,  and  they  sat  down  amongst  us;  we  gave 

jiiem  corn  ami  meat ;  tiiey  gave  us  poi.<on  *  in  return.     The  wiiite  people  had 

I50W  found  our  country,  tidings  were  carried  back,  and  more  came  amongst 

jj;  yet  we  did  not  fear  them,  we  took  them  to  l)e  friends ;  they  called  us 

Itotliers ;  we  believed  them,  and  gave  them  a  larger  seat.     At  length  their 

[Uiiibcrs  had  greatly  increased ;  they  wantc-d  more  land ;  they  wanted  our 

(ountry.     Our  eyes  were  opened,  and  our  minds  became  uneasy.     Wars  took 

jjlace;  Indians  were  hired  to  fight  again.st  Indians,  and  many  of  our  people 

iire  destroyed.     They  also  brought  strong  li(piors  among  us:  it  was  strong 

lad  powerful,  and  has  slain  thousands. 

-  Brother,  our  seats  were  once  large,  and  yours  were  very  small ;  you  have 
:o\v  become  a  great  peo[)lc,  and  we  have  scarcely  a  place  lell  to  spread 
our  blankets ;  you  have  got  our  country,  but  are  not  satisfied ;  you  ivanl  to 
km  your  rdis;ion  upon  tis. 

'  "Brother,  continue  to  listeii.  You  say  that  you  are  sent  to  instruct  us  how 
ifuvoishij)  the  Great  Spirit  agreeably  to  his  mind,  and  if  we  do  not  take  hold 
I  ilie  religion  which  you  white  peojile  teach,  we  shall  be  unhappy  here- 
uier;  you  say  that  you  are  right,  and  we  are  lost ;  how  do  we  know  this  to 
lie  true?  We  understand  that  your  religion  is  written  in  a  book ;  if  it  was 
iiitoiuled  for  us  as  well  as  you,  why  has  not  the  Great  Spirit  given  it  to  us, 
and  not  only  to  us,  but  why  did  he  not  give  to  our  forefathers  the  knowledge 
of  timt  book,  with  the  means  of  undenstanding  it  rightly?  We  only  know 
wkt  you  tell  us  about  it ;  how  shall  we  know  when  to  believe,  being  so 
cfteii  deceived  by  the  white  i)eople  ? 

"  Brother,  you  say  there  is  but  one  way  to  worship  and  serve  the  Great 
jpirit ;  if  there  is  but  one  religion,  why  do  you  white  people  differ  so  much 
iioiit  it  ?  why  not  all  agree,  as  you  can  all  read  the  book  ? 
"Brother,  we  do  not  understand  these  things;  we  are  told  that  your 
iflijjion  was  given  to  your  forefathers,  and  has  beoii  handed  down  from 
iilier  to  son.  We  also  have  a  religion  which  was  given  to  our  forefathers, 
iiidlias  been  handed  down  to  us  their  children.  We  worship  that  way.  It 
:  ;fk//i  us  to  be  thankful  for  all  the  favors  we  receive ;  to  love  each  other,  and  to 
iunited;  we  never  quarrel  about  religion. 

^'Brother,  the  Great  Spirit  has  made  us  all ;  but  ho  has  made  a  great  differ- 
ence between  his  white  and  red  children  ;  he  has  given  us  a  different  com- 
plexion, and  different  customs;  to  you  he  has  given  the  arts;  to  these  he 
b  not  opened  our  eyes ;  we  know  these  things  to  be  true.  Since  he  has 
Jiade  so  great  a  difference  between  us  in  other  things,  why  may  we  not  con- 
I'liide  tiiat  he  has  given  us  a  different  religion  according  to  our  understand- 
ini'l  the  Great  Spirit  does  right;  he  knows  what  is  best  for  his  children; 
we  are  satisfied. 

^^  Brother,  we  do  not  wish  to  destroy  your  religion,  or  take  it  from  you;  we 
oidy  want  to  enjoy  our  own. 
"Brother,  you  say  you  have  not  come  to  get  om*  land  or  our  money,  but  to 
eididiten  our  minds.  I  will  now  tell  you  that  I  have  been  at  your  meetings, 
and  saw  you  collecting  money  from  the  meeting.  I  cannot  tell  what  this 
money  was  intended  for,  but  suppose  it  was  for  your  minister,  and  if 
wc  iiliodld  conform  to  your  way  of  thinking,  perhaps  you  may  want  some 
from  us. 
'^Brother,  we  are  told  that  you  have  been  preaching  to  white  people  m  this 
place;  these  people  are  cmr  neighbors,  we  are  ac(|uaiiited  with  tiiem;  we 
ivill  wait  a  little  while  and  see  what  effect  your  i)reaching  has  iipoii  them. 

*  Spiriluous  liquor  is  alluded  to,  it  is  supposed. 


?.    ( 


'^  a 


100  RED-JACKET.-ENGAGES   IN  THE  WAR  OF  1812.        [Book  V 

If  we  find  it  does  them  good,  niakcH  them  honest,  and  less  disposed  to  cheat 
Indians,  we  will  then  consider  a^ain  what  you  have  said. 

"  Brother,  you  have  now  heard  our  answer  to  your  talk,  and  this  is  all  we 
have  to  say  at  |)resent.  As  we  are  going  to  ])art,  we  will  come  and  take  von 
by  the  hand,  and  hope  the  Great  Spirit  will  protect  you  on  your  journey  and 
return  you  safe  to  yoin-  Iriends."  ' ' 

The  chiefs  and  others  then  drew  near  the  missionary  to  take  hini  by  the 
band;  but  he  would  not  receive  them,  and  luutily  rising  from  his  w'at  snid 
"  that  there  was  no  fellowship  between  the  religion  oi'  God  and  the  works 
of  the  Devil,  and,  therefore,  could  not  joni  liands  with  tiiem."  Ui)on  iliis 
being  interpreted  to  them,  "they  smiled,  and  retired  in  a  jx-aceahle  rniiniicr" 

The  Indians  cannot  well  conceive  how  they  have  any  participation  in  the 
guilt  of  the  crucifixion  ;  inasnnich  as  they  do  not  believe  tlKsniselves  of  the 
same  origin  as  the  whites ;  and  there  bemg  no  dispute  but  that  they  comJ 
mitted  that  act.  Red-jacket  once  said  to  a  clergyman  who  was  itnportuiiing 
him  on  this  subject, 

"  Brother,  if  you  white  men  murdered  the  Son  of  the  Great  Sjjirit,  we  Indians 
had  nothing  to  do  unth  it,  and  it  is  none  of  our  nffair.  If  he  had  come  among  us 
we  would  not  have  killed  him ;  tve  tvould  have  treated  him  toell.  You  must  make 
amends  for  that  crime  yourselves."  * 

Red-jacket  took  part  with  the  Americans  in  the  war  of  1812,  hut  was  not 
distinguished  for  that  prodigality  of  life  which  marked  the  character  of 
Tecumseh,  and  many  others,  but,  on  all  occasions,  was  cool  and  collected. 
He  had  become  attached  to  Colonel  Siullin^  during  the  war,  and  when  lie 
heard  that  that  officer  was  ordered  to  a  distant  station,  he  went  to  take  liis 
farewell  of  hinj.    At  that  interview  he  said, 

"  Brother,  I  hear  you  are  going  to  a  place  called  Governor's  Island.  I  hope 
you  will  be  a  governor  yourself  I  understand  that  you  tohite  people  think  children 
a  blessing.  I  hope  yviimay  have  a  thousand.  And,  above  all,  I  hope,  tvherevtr 
you  go,  you  may  never  find  whisky  more  than  tiuo  shillings  a  quart."^ 

Grand  Island,  in  Niagara  River,  just  above  the  famous  Niagara  Falls,  is 
owned  by  the  Senecas.     When  it  was  rumored  that  the  British  had  taken 

Eossession  of  it,  in  their  last  war  with  the  Americans,  Red-jacket  asseni- 
led  his  people,  to  consult  with  Mr,  Granger,  their  agent.  Afler  having 
stated  to  him  the  information,  the  old  chief  made  the  following  profunnd 
speech : — 

"  Brother,  you  have  told  us  that  ice  had  nothing  to  do  uiith  the  war  that  has 
taken  place  bettoeen  you  and  the  British.  But  ive  find  the  war  has  come  to  our 
doors.  Our  property  is  taken  possession  of  hf  the  British  and  their  Indian 
friends.  It  ts  necessaiy  noiofor  iis  to  take  tip  the  business,  defend  our  proptrlij, 
and  drive  the  enemy  from  it.  If  tve  sit  still  upon  our  seats,  and  take  no  means 
of  redress,  the  British  {according  to  the  customs  of  you  white  people)  ivill  hold 
it  by  conquest.  And  should  you  conquer  the  Canauas,  you  wUl  claim  it  upon 
the  same  principles,  as  [though]  conquered  from  the  British.  We,  therefore,  re- 
quest permission  to  go  unth  our  warriors,  and  drive  off  those  bad  people,  and  take 
possession  of  our  lands.^^  Whereupon,  Kuch  of  the  Senecas  as  had  un  in- 
clination, were  permitted  to  join  the  American  army. 

In  one  action  Red-jacket  acted  a  conspicuous  part,  and  is  most  hoiioralily 
mentioned  by  the  commanding  general.  The  action  took  place  near  Vwi 
George,  on  the  17  August,  1813,  between  about  300  volunteers  and  iiidian.<, 
supported  by  200  regidars.  These  surprised  the  British  and  Indian  cainj)  at 
day-light,  killed  73  and  took  1(5  prisoners.  The  success  of  thc!  expedition 
was  almost  entirely  owing  to  a  stratagem  of  th(!  Indians,  who,  when  tiic^y 
had  formed  their  plan  of  attack,  decoyed  their  brethren,  on  the  British  side, 
into  an  ambush,  by  giving  a  war-whoop  which  they  mistook  for  that  of 
their  friends.  General  Boyd,  who  connnanded  }i(;re,  says,  "The  principal 
chiefs  who  led  the  warriora  this  day,  were  Farmer's  Brother,  Red-jacket, 

*  "  This  occurred  in  a  conversalion  between  Red-jacket  and  tlie  Reverend  Mr.  Brnrkfih 
riJge  ;  Tommy- Jemmy,  Jack-lierry  and  myself  were  present.  I  heard  the  rema.k,  and  wiU 
vouch  for  it."     W.  J.  Snel/imr. 

t  N.  E.  Galaxy,  13  July,  1833. 


Chap.  VI.]         RED-JA 

Little   Billy,  Poll 

Half-town,  Major  II 

chief  of  Onondago,  w 

tlicni  yestenhiy,  they  c 

I  say,  that  they  treated  i 

cmtlties  iijion  the  den 

spieiious.     Already  th^ 

eviiH-es  the  benefit  ari 

Governor  De  fVitt  C 

lorical  Society  of  New 

111  extraordinary  orati 

Saguoaha.     Without 

I  evtruordinary  talents  f 

nation  by  the  force  of 

I  lost  the  confidence  of  ] 

J  it,  prevailed  upon  his  li 

by  the  Gn^at  Sf>irit   to 

It  required  nothing  hut 

rant  multitude,  given  tc 

I  urctcnded  art  or  niystei 

I'lie  Onondagas  were,  j 

tilt'  in)(|uois.     They  we 

!  alistaiii  li-om  ardent  spji 

respected  the  laws  of  i 

Oaoiidagas,  but  shed  iU 

I  ac  tiiis  reform  was  bogu 

critical  author.     The  gi 

way  of  imposture,  is  its 

us  in  former  times,  it  i 

Dounced  as  witches,  an 

fcrciice  of  their   wiiite 

council  of  Indians,  heh 

iroiihles.    He  was  accor 

life,  uiid  greatly  increase 

loiijf.    And,  in  the  langii 

stition  relented  under  th 

;iiis  brother]  an  impost 

and  a  small  majority  apj 

cannot  fiirnish  a  more  c 

mitory,  in  a  barbarous  n 

acciisfr  as  a  delegated  jii 

feed)  of  Logan  will  b( 

l«s;;i(|,  that  the  mo«t  .sp 

out  of  the  pale  of  the  Si 

Jtferson,  when  he  says,  ' 

■ml  Cicero,  and  of  any  u 

'iiiiiient,  to  |)roduce  a  sii 

iftitbe  remembered  that 

Till!  time  is  not  fiir  dist 

mcket  will  he  heard,  in  i 

""(.'litiest  eflbrts  of  clociu 

™iif,'i'i"ss,  Mr.  Crockett,^  o 

rciiiark  made   by  the  fai 

«iii'ii  be  was  shown   th 

'"iiding  of  the  Pilgrims,  i 

""1,  in  token  of  friend 


120, 


A'lVes'  Re.<rister,  iv.  418,  an 

t  The  pitiful  crusade  in  whir 
fu"JiMi(ial,|„„ri,rin,  aslhein 
\.  "aviii?  joined  the  army  < 

olagarrison  which  fell  into  th 
9» 


Chap.  VI.]        RED-JACKET.— REFORMATION  IN  HIS  TRIHE. 


101 


IIIH 


Falls,  is 

id  taken    ^ ' 


\al  has 
to  our 
Indian 
proptrlij, 
vunns 
II  hill 
vpon 
?fore,  re- 
and  take 


fsl 


an  Hi- 

)iioi-iilily 

\r  Fort 

ndiuii^, 

cani))  lit 

petlitioii 

len  tlii'y 

;ish  sidi', 

that  of 

ji-incipal 

-JACKET, 


Br(tck('ti' 
t,  and  wiH 


Little  Billy,  Pollard,  Black  Snake,  Joiin.son,  Silvkriieels,  Cuptuiu 
Half-town,  Major  IIknry  O.  IJall,  ((Joni-plaiitor's  son,)  and  Captain  Cold, 
chief  oi"  Oiiondas^o,  who  wa.s  woiuidiul.  In  a  (;oiin<;il  wiiich  was  hold  with 
ihein  yest(!rday,  they  cov«!nantcd  not  to  scalp  or  murder;  and  1  am  liap|ty  to 
siiy,  tliat  tliey  treated  the  pri.soner.s  witli  limnanity,  and  committed  no  wanton 
crialties  iijion  tlio  dead."  "Tlieir  Itravery  and  humanity  were  eiiuaily  con- 
jpiciioUM.  Already  the  quietness  in  which  our  pickets  are  sutl'ered  toreinain, 
(vinccs  tlie  benefit  arisinf(  i'rom  their  assistance."* 

Governor  De  Witt  Clinton,  in  his  most  valuahle  discourse  before  the  His- 
torical Society  of  New  York,  thus  notices  Red-jacket : — "  Witliin  a  lew  years, 
all  extraordinary  orator  has  risen    amonc;  the  Senecas;   his  real  name  is 
Saguonha.     Without    the    advantages  of  illustrious  descent,  and   with    no 
exiraordinary  talents  lor  war,  he  has  attained  the  first  distinctions  in  the 
nation  by  the  force  of  his  eloquence."    Red-jacket  having,  by  some  nifjans, 
lost  the  confidence  of  his  countrymen,  in  order,  as  it  is  reported,  to  retrievi; 
il,  prevailed  upon  his  brother  to  announce  himself  a  prophet,  connnis-sioned 
by  the  Gri>at  Spirit   to   redeem  them   from   their  miserable   eondition. — 
ltre(|uired  nothing  but^n  adroit  and  skiltid  rciasoner  to  i)ersuade  the  igno- 
taut  multitude,  given  to  the  grossest  superstition,  of  his  infallibility  in  the 
nretended  art  or  mystery.     If  good  ever  came  out  of  evil,  it  did  at  this  time. 
'riie  Onondagas  were,  at  that  i)eriod,  the  most  drimken  and  proHigate  of  all 
the  Iniquois.     They  were  now  so  liir  prevailed  upon  as  almost  entirely  to 
ahstuin  from  ardent  spirits,  became  sober  and  industrious,  and  observed  and 
respected  the  laws  of  morality.     This  good  effect  was  not  confined  to  the 
Ouondagas,  but  shed  its  bi;nign  influence  through  the  nations  adjacent.     But 
as  this  relbnu  was  begun  in  hypocrisy,  it  in^cessarily  ended  with  its  hypo- 
critical author.    The  greatest  check,  [)erhaj)s,  which  can  be  thrown  in  the 
way  of  imposture,  is  its  own  exposition.     In  this  case,  like  witclicrall  among 
ua  iu  former  times,  it  was  stayed  by  its  own  vperations.    Many  were  de- 
Dounccd  as  witche.s,  and  some  would  iiave  been  executed  but  for  the  inter- 
ference of  their   white  neighbors.     Red-jackd  was   denounced  in    a    great 
council  of  Itidians,  held  at  Buflalo    Creek,  as   the    chief  author  of  theii' 
troiililes.     He  was  accordingly  l)rought  to  trial,  and   his  eloqiumce  saved  his 
life,  and  greatly  increased  his  njputation.    Ills  defence  was  near  three  hours 
loiii;.    And,  in  the  language  of  Governor  Clinton,  "  the  iron  brow  of  super- 
stition relented  under  the  magic  of  his  eloqueiK^e :  he  declared  the  j)rophet 
[his  brother]  an  impostor  and  a  cheat;  he  pnivailed;  the  Indians  divided, 
and  a  small  majority  appeared  in  his  favor.     I'erhaps  the  annals  of  history 
caiinot  fiiruish  a  more  conspicuoiLS  instanc  •  of  the  triumph  and  power  of 
oratory,  in  a  barbarous  nation,  devoted  to  siiperstition,  and  looking  uj)  to  the 
jtciiscr  as  a  delegated  minister  of  the  A  Imigiity.     lam   well  aware  that  the 
speech  of  Logan  will  be  triumphantly  cpajtcd  against  me,  and  that  it  will 
be  said,  that  the  most  s|)lendid  exhibition  of  Indian  elo(]Uence  nniy  be  fbmid 
out  of  the  j)ale  of  the  Six  Nations.     I  fully  sidjscribe  to  the  eulogium  of  Mr. 
kfirs'M,  when  he  says,  'I  may  chalh^nge  tin;  whole  orations  ol'  Demosthenes 
luul  Cicero,  and  of  any  more  eminent  orator,  if  liUrope  has  furnished  more 
piiiinent,  to  product;  a  singhi  passage  supi'rior  to  the  spiuich  of  Logan.''     But 
let  it  he  remend)ered  that  Logan  was  a  Mingo  chief,"  that  is,  an  IroijUois. 

Tile  time  is  not  fiir  distant,  if  not  alnsidy  arrived,  wiien  the  name  of  Red- 
jacket  will  be  heard,  in  the  most  august  as.semblies,  to  give  weight  to  the 
iiiijrlitiest  efforts  of  chxpience.  In  the  debati^  on  the  Indian  bill,  in  18;{0,  in 
ii)iij,'iess,  Mr.  Crockett,^  of  Tennessee,  said,  "  I  am  forcibly  reminded  of  the 
reiiiurk  made  by  the  famous  Red-jackd,  in  the  rotunda  of  this  building, 
wlien  he  was  shown  the  paiud  which  represented  in  sculpture  the  first 
landing  of  the  Pilgrims,  with  an  Indian  chief  presenting  to  them  an  ear  of 
corn,  ia  token  of  friendly  welcome.     Tiie  aged    Indian  said,    '  That  was 

*  Niks'  Re/nster,  iv.  418,  and  v.  7. — liramian'.i  Ojjkial  Letters,  200. — Sliallus's  Tables,  it. 
120. 

t  The  pilifui  crusade  in  wliich  this  brave  man  lost  his  life,  will  as  lon<r  bo  renicnibered  for 
iUiiimisiil'iiil)l(!  origin,  as  the  many  valualile  but  inisjriiided  iikmi  who  liiuc  been  siicrifired  in 
«■   llaviiiif  joiiioathe   army  of  Texas,  (/oloiiol    ^Vr«:A'i;«  w.is  there  iniirdercil  with  the  rea4 
ol' a  garrison  whirh  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Mexieans  ;  this  present  year,  1836. 
9» 


■*r1 


.  '    ■  ■-.  111*. .ft 


102  UEDJACKET.-f^OMl'LAINS  OF  THE  MISSIONARIES.     [Dook  V 

fifOOlf.' 


Hi)  said  he  knew  they  niino  from  tlic  Great  Spirit,  unu  lie  was  will- 
ing to  Hharo  the  Hoil  with  hJH  brothers.  Hut  when  he  tinned  roinu)  to  view 
another  panel,  re])reHenting  Pernios  treaty,  he  said,  MA/  aWs  gone  now' 
There  was  a  great  deal  of  trntli  in  thiffVihort  saying.'' 

Nothing  seems  more  to  have  tiwihled  the!  \\'mre  of  Red-jacket  than  tiie 
intrusion  of  missionaries  among  his  petipie.  VVith  the  fiierils  or  liena^ijts 
of  the  manner  irJ*whicli  partitruiar  creeds  have  Ixien  forced  npm  the  'n- 
dians  in  general^  we  have  nothing  to  do,  hut.  we  will  refer  tlie  reader  to  Mr 
Buchanan's  Sketches,*  where,  in  our  o|  ''lion,  evory  eectariun  will  glcun  honic 
useful  hints  upon  that  head. 

Red-jackei  and  his  council,  in  1821,  ma»le  a  formal  complaint  to  the  jrov. 
ernor  of  New  York,  of  the  arbitrary  conduct  of  some  teachers  ainoii"  liia 
people,  and  of  thfcir  undue  iniluence  generally.     Considering  it  to  coiitinii  a 

most  important  hnd'Valiiable  piece  of  information,  we  will  givc  it  entire: 

"  Brother  Parish,  I  address  myself  to  yon,  and  through  you  to  the  govera- 
or     Tlie  chiefij  of  Onondaga  have  accompanied  you  to  Albany,  to  do  i)ii.si. 
nfss  with  the  governor ;  I  also  waste*  have  been  with  yon,  but  I  am  sorry 
to  say  that  bad  health  has  put  it  dut'  oP  my  power.     For  this  you  must  ,.')t 
think  hard  of  me.    I  am  not  to 'blame  for  it.     It  is  the  wil!  of  the  Creut 
Spirit  that  it  should  be  so.    The  object  of  the  Onondagas  is  to  purcluiM?  our 
lands  at  Tonnewanta.     This  and  all  other  business  that  they  may  have  to  do 
at  Albany,  nuist  be  transacted  in  the  presence  of  the  governor.    He  will 
see  that  the  fuiffjain  is  fairly  made,  so  that  all  parties  may  liave  reason  to  Ih( 
satisfied  with  what  shall  be  done ;  and  when  our  sanction  shall  be  wuiitcd 
to  the  transaction,  it  will  be  freely  given.     I  much  regret  that,  at  this  tinip 
the  state  of  my  health  should  have  prevented  me  from  accompanying  you  to 
Albany,  as  it  was  the  wish  of  the  nation  that  I  should  state  to  the  governor 
some     'rcumstamces  which  show  that  the  chi.in  of  friendship  between  us 
and  the  white  people  is  wearing  out,  and  wants    brightening.    1  proceed 
now,  however,  to  lay  tliem  before  you  by  letter,  that  you  may  mention  tliem 
to  the  governor,  and  solicit  redress,    lie  is  appointed  to  do  justice  to  all, 
and  the  Indians  fully  confide  that  he  v.'ll  not  suffer  them  to  be  wronged 
with  impunity.    The  fii-st  subject  to  which  we  would  call  the  attention  of 
the  governor,  is  the  depredations  that  are  daily  committed  by  the  white 
people  upon  the  most  valuable  timber  on  our  reservations.     This  has  heeu  a 
subject  of  complaint  with  us  for  many  years ;  but  now,  and  particularly  ut 
this  season  of  the  year,  it  has  become  an  alarming  evil,  and  calls  for  the 
immediate  interposition  of  the  governor  in  our  behalf.    Our  next   subject 
of  complaint  is,  the  frequent  thefls  of  our  horses  and  cattle  by  the  wiiite 
people,  and  their  habit  of  taking  and  using  them  whenever  they  please,  and 
without  our   leave.     These   are   evils   which    seem   to    increase   uj)on   ns 
with  the  increase  of  our  white  neighbors,  and  they  cull  loudly  for  redress. 
Another  evil  arising  from  the   pressure  of  the  whites  upon   us,  and  onr 
unavoidable  communication  with  them,  is   the  frequency   with  which  our 
chiels,  and   warriors,  and  Indians,  are  thrown  into  jail,  and  that,  too,  for 
the  most  trifling  causes.     This  is  very  galling  to  our  feelings,  and  ought  not 
to  be  permitted  to  the  extent  to  which,  to  gratify  their  bad  pitssions,  our 
white  noighlwrs  now  carry  this  practice.     In  our  hunting  and  fishing,  too, 
we  are  greatly  interrupted  by  the  whites.     Our  veiiison  is  stolen  from  the 
trees  where  we  have  hung  it  to  be  reclaimed  after  the  chase.    Our  hunting 
camps  have  been  fired  into,  and  we  have  been   warned  that  we  shall  no 
longer  be  permitted  to  pursue  the  deer  in  those  forests  which  were  sc  lately 
all  our  own.     The  fish,  which,  in  the  Buffalo  and  Tonnewanta  Creeks,  used 
to  supply  us  with  food,  are  now,  by  the  dams  and  other  obstructions  of  the 
white  people,  prevented  from  multiplying,  and  we  are  almost  entirely  de- 
prived of  that  accustomed  sustenance.    Our  great  father,  the  president,  luis 
recommended  to  our  young  men  to  be  industrious,  to  plough,  and  to  sow. 
This  we  have  done,  and  we  are  thankful  for  the  advice,  and  for  the  means 
he  has  afforded  U8  of  carrying  it  into  effect.    We  are  happier  in  conse- 
quence of  it     But  another  thing  recominended  to  us,  has  created  great  confusion 


Vol  i.  chap.  ix. 


smng  lis,  and  is  mak 

introduction  of  preacht 

the  consent  (,<*  some  o 

\i  the  case,  r(  nfiisioi 

ments  of  the  wliites  i 

rovernor  must  not  tin 

Save  observed  their  |) 

place  of  old,  I  porc«!i 

ivere  the  fbrerunners 

and  (iiinrrels  among  tl 

lands,  by  whom  tln-y 

that  the  Indians  wore 

pro|)ortion  to  the  num 

has  its  own  customs  ai 

liiem  i>y  the  Great  S| 

tended  that  they  shoiili 

by  the  attemj)t  to  mak 

liitliers.*     It  is  true,  tl 

chiels  to  stay  and  pn-a 

HToiig,  and  tliat  they  o 

by  Mr.  Hude,  who  cam 

liildren,  lait  has  now  I 

more,  that  unless  we  li' 

k  tiirne('   tff  our  lands 

be  so ;  and  if  l,e  has  nt 

our  lands,  and  not  allov\ 

rn'-e  while  he  is  amon 

Jiid  contented  among  oi 

liope  that  he  will  attend 

"This  letter  was  did 

in  the  presence  of  the  Ic 

M,  Peter,   Young-king. 

Towyocauna,]  John-ski/, 

The  success  this  petit 

10  liini,  in  respect  to  one 

wre  admittfui  upon  the 

In  the  spring  of  1821,  n 

Jied.    His  complaint  w 

'lluess  which  caused  his 

man  that  attended  him 

custom,  of  the  nation,  sh 

<^- Tom-jemmy,  called  by 

iiy  rutting  her  throat.    T 

and  threw  him  into  prisi 

I  mket  aj)i)eare(l  in  court  j 

mat  the  court  had  anyj 

Arough  three  terms,  Soc 

»tiier  witnesses  testified  t 

ined,  condemned  and  ex 

estahlished   from   time   i 

liie  country.     The  witch 

some  of  the  Americans,  i 

'vliich  lie  made  while  up( 

"  fVhat  I  do  you  denoun 

Wieve  that  which  you  yourZ 

imnes  have  thundered  this 

*  A  happy  illustration  of  the 

t  liilormation  of  a  ffentlema 

^o^ghuo  Buffalo.    Tf.s"'lr 


C«.*f   VI.] 


RED-JACKET.— WITCHCRAFT  AFFAIR. 


103 


!    g(»V- 

11};  luH 
Utiii  ii 
in;  :— 
(nern- 
I  bu.si- 
1  sorry 
1st   ..')t 
Great 
is(!  our 
!  to  (|(» 
le  will 
1  to  l)c 
wanted 
H  tiiiip, 
;  you  to 
Dvcriior 
veeii  IIS 
jirocced 
n  tliciii 
!  to  all, 
vroiiged 
ktioii  of 
B  white 
leeii  a 
arly  at 
for  the 
subject 
white 
iise,  and 
})on   us 
redress, 
iid  our 
ich  our 
too,  for 
ight  not 
)iis,  our 
iug,  too, 
oin  the 
milting 
shall  no 
lately 
ks,  used 
of  the 
•ely  (le- 
eiit,  hus 
to  sow. 
means 
consc- 
onfusion 


t ; 


smotif^  iW)  and  is  makinff  us  a  quarrelsome  and  divided  people  ;  and  Ihni  is,  the 
introtiuclion  of  preachers  into  our  nation.  TIm'so  !>lnck  coi>*s  rontrivt'  to  ^'t^f 
tlie  coiirtcnt  «.^' .fome  of  I li(^  Indians  to  prtiacli  ainoii;^  lis,  uiul  wlicrnvtM-  thin 
jj  the  (MLSo,  c<  iifiiMioii  (ind  disorder  an;  Hiins  to  follow,  and  the  ciicioucli- 
nieiitH  of  tin;  wliituH  ii])on  our  lands  an;  tin;  iiivariaidt;  (ronHoiinriice.  'TIk! 
govt^rnor  iniiHt  not  think  hard  of  mo  lor  .spiiakin^  thus  of  tlio  |)rniiclioi-H.  I 
linvc  observed  their  |tro<,'resH,  and  wluin  I  look  hack  to  see  what  has  t;ik«!n 
place  of  old,  I  jxircciivc!  that  whenever  they  came  anionj,'  the  Indians,  they 
were  the  forerunners  of  their  dispersion  ;  that  they  always  excitcMl  enmities 
and  qiinrrels  nnion^r  them  ;  that  they  introduced  the  white  people  on  their 
lands,  by  whom  they  were  robbei!  and  phiiidered  of  tlwir  property  ;  and 
limt  tlie  Indians  were  sure  to  dwindle  and  d<;creaso,  and  be  driven  back  in 
pro|iortion  to  the  number  of  preachers  that  cami;  umon<;  them.  Kacli  nation 
has  its  own  ciLstoms  and  its  own  religion.  The  Indians  have  their.s,  f,'iven  to 
iliiMii  ny  the  Great  Spirit,  under  which  they  were  hu])py.  It  was  not  iii- 
li'iiilcd  that  they  should  embrace  the  reli<;ion  of  the  whites,  and  be  destroyed 
In  the  attempt  to  make  them  think  diHerently  on  that  subject  from  their 
liiljiers.*  It  is  true,  tliesi;  preachers  havt;  got  the  conseiU  of"  some  of  the 
iliicts  to  stay  and  preacli  amon^  us,  liut  I  and  my  friends  know  this  to  be 
wniiig,  and  that  they  ought  to  he  removed  ;  besides,  we  have  been  threatened 
liv  Mr.  Hyde,  who  came  among  us  as  a  scliool-master  and  a  t»;a(!lit!r  (tf  our 
JiiidnMi,  ^)Ut  has  now  become  a  black  coat,  an<l  refused  to  teach  them  any 
iniire,  that  iml(!ss  we  li'-ten  to  his  |)reachiiig  and  l)ecotne  Christians,  we  will 
be  tiirnei'  ift"  our  lands.  We  wish  to  know  from  the  governor  if  this  is  to 
be  so ;  and  if  he  lias  no  right  to  say  so,  we  think  he  ought  to  \w  turned  off 
our  lands,  and  not  allowed  to  plague  us  any  more.  We  shall  never  he  at 
,,u!oe  while  he  is  among  us.  Let  them  be  removed,  and  we  will  be  Imjipy 
and  contented  among  ourselves.  We  now  cry  to  the  governor  for  help,  and 
hope  that  he  will  attend  to  our  complaints,  and  speedily  give  us  redress. 

Red-jacket." 
"This  letter  was  dictated  by  Red-jacket,  and  interpreted  by  Henri/  Obeal,\ 
ill  the  presence  of  the  fol!  \"ing  Indians:  Red-jackeVs  son.  Corn-planter,  John- 
M,  Peter,  Young-kings-brother,  Tom-the-infant,  [Onnonefraiheko,]  Blue-sky, 
Towyocauna,]  John-sky,  Jemmy-johnson,  Marcus,  Big-Jire,  Captain- Jemmy." 
The  success  this  petition  met  with,  it  is  presumed,  was  full  and  satisfactory 
to  iiiin,  in  respect  to  one  particular ;  for  no  ministers,  for  some  time  ailerwarda, 
were  admitted  U|)on  the  reservation. 

Ill  the  spring  of  1821,  a  man  of  Red-jackeVs  tribe  fell  into  a  languishment  and 
died.  His  complaint  was  unknown,  and  some  circumstances  attended  his 
illness  which  caused  his  friends  to  believe  that  he  was  bewitched.  The  wo- 
Qian  that  attended  him  was  Hxed  upon  as  the  witch,  and  by  the  law,  or 
custom,  of  the  nation,  she  was  doomed  to  suffer  death.  A  chief  by  the  name 
o'Tom-jemmy,  called  by  his  own  peo[tle  Soo-nong-s^ise,  executed  the  decree 
bj  cutting  her  throat.  The  Americans  took  up  the  matter,  seized  Tom-jemmy, 
and  threw  him  into  pri.son.t  Some  time  after,  when  his  trial  came  on.  Red- 
jacket  appeared  in  court  as  an  evidence.  The  counsel  for  the  prisoner  denied 
ihattlie  court  had  any  jurisdiction  over  the  case,  and  after  it  was  carried 
tlirough  three  terms,  Soo-nong-gise  was  iinully  cleared.  Red-jacket  and  the 
other  witnesses  testified  that  the  woman  was  a  witch,  and  that  she  had  been 
tried,  condemned  and  executed  in  pursuance  of  their  laws,  which  had  been 
estalilislied  from  time  immemorial;  long  before  the  English  came  into 
tlie  country.  The  witch  doctrine  of  the  Senecas  was  much  ridiculed  by 
some  of  the  Americans,  to  which  Red-jacket  thus  aptly  alludes  in  a  speech 
which  he  made  while  upon  the  stand : — 

"  fVbat !  do  you  denounce  us  as  fools  and  bigots,  because  we  still  contimie  to 
Mine  that  which  you  yourselves  sedulously  inciucated  ttvo  centuries  ago  ?  Your 
iivms  have  thundered  this  doctrine  from  the  pulpit,  your  judges  have  -pronounced 


;:*;*,f  » 


i'   "'-'''iii 


*  A  liappy  illustration  of  the  force  of  education,     t  Son  of  Corn-planter,  or  Corn-plant. 

♦  Inl'ormation  of  a  ffcntleman  (  W.  J.  Snellins;,  Esq  )  who  was  on  the  spot,  and  saw  him 
^lought  tu  Buflalo.    'riiis  was  the  next  day  alter  the  murder,  and  the  blood  was  yet  upon 

V  bonds. 


104 


RED-JACKET.— INTERVIEW  WITH  LAFAYETTE. 


[Hook  V. 


it  from  the  bench,  your  courts  of  jitatice  have  sanctioned  it  with  the  formdliUis  of 
law,  and  you  would  now  punish  our  uuj'orlunatt  brother  for  adherence  to  llw  ui. 
perstitions  of  hii  fathers  I  Go  to  Salem !  Look  at  the  record,^  (J'jonr  f!;overnmint 
and  you  will  find  hundreds  executed  for  the  very  crime  which  has  called  forlli  the 
aentewc  of  condemnation  u/ion  this  woman,  and  drawn  down  the  arm  of  vewrntnc^ 
upon  her.  What  have  our  brothers  done  more  than  the  rulers  of  your  peopk  /,„|.g 
twne  i  and  wlutl  crime  has  this  nutn  committed  bij  executinii;,  in  a  summani  icidj 

the  injunctions  of  Ins   God  J"     lloliin;   Jted-jud'll 


CHIP.  VI.] 


I 


111 


the  laws  of  his  •ountr';,  and  .#«.  ..._/... ...i.>.,.o  .y   ...o    ^ui^ .-        ..umn-   luu-j... 

wiij  luliiiittt'd  to  jjfiv'e  (^videiict!  in  tin;  cast',  Ik-  wjus  askt-d  if  lit;  believed 
future  rt!>vurds  aiut  piiiiishtnciit.t,  and  tlio  c.xiHtenc*'  o('(J()d.  VVitli  a  pieninir 
look  into  tlio  fiuo  ofliis  intcrro^'iitor,  and  with  no  little  indifjiiation  or(  xiires" 
siioii,  lie  replied:  "  Yea!  much  more  than  the  white  men,  if  we  are  to  judre  t,u 
their  actions"  Upon  the  appearance  of  Red-jacket  upon  tliiw  oeca.si()ii''(„|",\ 
oiiserves:  "There  is  not,  perhaps,  in  nutiiie,  a  more  expres.sivt;  eye  tiiun'  timi 
of  Red-jacket ;  when  fired  by  iiidi!,'nation  or  revenge,  it  is  terrihh;';  and  \\||,.ii 
he  chooses  to  display  his  unrivalled  talent  for  irony,  his  keen  sarcastic  "•Jiiiue 
is  irresistible."  * 

When  Lafayette,  in  1825,  was  at  Hiiff'alo,  ninon<^  the  [lersons  of  distinciion 
who  called  upon  lii/n,  was  Red-jacket.  Of  the  old  chief,  IM.  Levasseur  oh- 
serves:!  This  extraordinary  man,  altlioiijrb  much  won.  down  by  time  hihI 
intiiinprruiice,  jireserves  yet,  in  a  siir|)risinj;  degree,  the  exercise  of  nil  |,is 
faculties,  lie  had  ever  remembered  Lnftyelle  siiure  17dl,  at  which  tinn'  lie 
with  Jtliers,  met  a  gnsat  council  of  all  the  Indian  nations  ut  Fort  .Selmvier' 
when  the  interest  of  all  those  nations,  fi\eiids  and  enemies,  was  regulated 
with  the  United  States.  He  asked  the  general  if  he  recollected  that  iiie(  tiiiT. 
lie  rejiiicd  that  he  had  not  forgotten  that  great  event,  atid  asked  Ryd-jaekel  Tf 
he  knew  what  had  become  of  the  young  chief,  who,  in  that  council,  opposed 
with  such  eloquence  the  "  burying  of  the  tomahawk."  Red-Jacket  replied 
"//c  is  before  you,"  Ilis  s|)eech  was  a  master-piece,  and  every  warrior  who 
heard  him  was  carried  away  with  his  eloquence.  He  urged  a  continuation  of  tlio 
war  against  the  Americans,  having  joined  against  them  in  the  revolution. 
The  general  observed  to  him  that  time  had  much  changed  them  since  thai 
mtictiiig.  "Ah  !  "  said  Red-jacket,  "time  has  not  been  so  severe  upon  yon  as 
it  has  upon  me.     It  has  hift  to  you  a  fresh  countenance,  and  hair  to  cover 

your  head ;  while  to  me behold ! "  and  taking  a  handkerciiief  from 

his  head,  with  an  air  of  much  feeling,  showed  his  head,  wliich.  was  ulniost 
entirely  bald.]: 

At  this  interview,  was  fully  confirmed  what  we  have  before  stated.  L"- 
rasseur  continues:  iie(/-;(xcA[e/ obMinutely  refuses  to  speak  any  lallg^laJ^!  but 
that  of  his  own  countrv,  and  affects  a  great  dislike  to  all  others;  iiltlioujrii 
it  is  easy  to  discern  that  In;  perli3ctly  understands  the  English ;  and  retiisi  d, 
nevertheless,  to  reply  to  the  general  before  his  interpreter  had  translatcl  his 
questions  into  the  Seneca  language.  The  genind  spoke  a  .ew  word^  in 
Indian,  which  he  had  learned  in  his  youth,  at  which  Red-Jacket  was  liighly 
pleased,  and  which  augmented  mnch  his  high  opinion  oi'  Lafayette. 

The  author  of  the  ibliowing  passage  is  unknown  to  us;  but  presniniiija;  it 
to  be  authentic,  we  quote  it.  "More  than  80  years '5  have  rolled  away  since 
a  treaty  was  held  on  the  bcautifiil  acclivity  that  overlooks  tiie  Cana«(lai},nm  || 

*  Nilcs's  Weekly  Register,  vol.  xx.  359,411. 

\  hi  Ills  Lafiujette  en  Aiiieni/iie,  tome  ii.  437-8. 

\  "  Les  assistants  ne  parent  s'emp^cher  de.  sourire  de  la  simplicity  dt  I'Indien,  qui  semMnil 
ignorer  I'art  de  r^parer  les  injures  dii  temps;  7nais  on  se garda  bien  de  delruire  soinrnur; 
et  peut-Hre  fit-on  liien,  car  il  eiii  pu  cmifondre  une  perruque  arec  I'.iie  cheyrlnre  srut]wf,  d 
conceeoir  lidi'e  de  regarnir  sa  trte  aux  di'pens  de  la  tete  d'une  de  ses  voiimis.''  llwl. 
—This  altempt  at  facetiousncss  by  Moiis.  Lcrasseur  is  ciilirely  '•  failure,  aiiu  in  vory  Imil 
taste.  Had  it  liad  reference  to  an  obsrure  person,  it  would  liavo  been  difTorent.  For  a  iinri'il 
of  while  ignoramuses  to  miike  themselves  merry  at  the  simple  but  difsnilied  appcaraiife  of  llie 
old  chief,  only  siiows  them  off  in  their  true  light ;  and  the  assertion  that  he  covered  liis  own 
head  at  the  expense  of  that  of  his  neighbor,  too  nearly  classes  the  writer  wiih  his  coriipanioiis. 
Tiiis   writer,  I  conclude,  wrote   in  1822.     I  copy  it   from   Miscellanies  nelected  from  thi 


^. 


Public  Jnurnals,  by  Mr.  Rackivgtiam. 

11  Signifying,  in  the  Seneca  language,  a  tmon  set  ojf. 
the  tuwa  upon  its  aXmic—Spafford's  uaz. 


i 


I 


I^ko.  The  witnei 
oratory.  'J'wo  duy 
fcssion  of  tlieir  lai 
wliPii  Red-jacket  an 
drew  his  blanket  ai 
tilde.  All  was  hii.'- 
jrHillerii.sflingoi'thi 
I  long  and  .solemn, 
low  voice  and  senti 
lilted  the  jirii  iitiv(! 
iliey  had  sustained  i 
liiitlifiil  jiencil,  that 
into  tears.  Th,!  ,.fi; 
iioii  and  .sympathy  h 
III  tim  heart  of  an'  Jn 
iiiiiiilier,  who  were 
iti'd  to  indi-nation 
unified,  the  white  n 
A  nod  from  the  chjel 
iiMiineiit,  Farmers-brc 
Itiif,  with  a  sagacity  t 
tmdiiced  good  cheer 
the  meeting  had  rea> 
iiiolcrated  the  fury  o 
Mhrii  them.  Suffice 
Hi-^trict,  at  this  day,  o 
'oiiiKseis  of  a  savage, 
r  any  other  qualify  tl 
H, iiiul  Louis  le Desiri 
iliviiKJle  into  insignific 
Red-jacket  was  of  >J 
foiii:d  mentioned  in  th 
lij  the  governor  of  Pt 
of  the  commonwealth 
paragraph  of  the  gove 
nliieh  you  treat  the  st 
«i.sli,  that,  when  you  r 
liiat  the  virtues  of  fHe 
MS  of  Pennsylvania.' 
iiiniisht'd  every  thing 
(li'ljihia.  This  w^as  u 
I  ilii'v  met  again,  when 
luws : — 

"Brother,  Onas'Gf 

^y.    Some  days  since 

pleasure.    This  day  th 

liiis  council-chamber. 

>m  to  your  address,  \ 

»fi  mention  this  lest  y 

altliess  has  not  had  a 

oilierwise.    In  your  ad( 

wr,  where  our  fi.refai 

unick  our  attention  vei 

"liii.,1  our  forefathers  o 

""',  and  more  joy  thai 

[«e  yoii,  yet  we  remem 

wtween  our  fathers  an< 


The  lake  received  its  name  from 


Oms  was  the  name  the 

"« all  tlie  governors  of  l>cnii> 

r  A  hne  picture  representii 


CHAP.  VI.l 


UEDJACKET— VISIT  TO  PHIL ADKI.PIIIA. 


10ft 


i 


Ml    L-- 

ir^li^^(  but 

altliiui<;li 

relusiil, 

islatc'l  his 
wonb  ill 
-'US  liijilily 


,  qtii  semhh.t 

•  son  i-rn  iir ; 

sraljiei',  ''' 

tmiK-"     ""■''• 

ill  vory  liii't 

For  a  piircc'l 

jaraiu'oot'tlic 

ercil  liis  DWii 
s  ronipnnioiis. 
'Med  from  th( 

name  from 


Lako.  Tli«  witiioHsi's  of  tlin  Hceno  will  n«vc'r  forgtit  tlio  powprw  of  mitivo 
oratory,  'i'wo  duys  Imd  piisscd  away  in  nojfotiation  witli  tlu*  Iiulians  lor  a 
cession  of  tlicir  lands.  Tliii  contract  was  siijiposcd  to  In-  nearly  coniplctcd, 
wlioii  Red-jnrlirt  arose.  Witli  the  fjracc  and  difrnily  o'"  a  Roman  senator,  lio 
drew  his  i)lanket  around  liiin,  and,  with  a  pierciiif,'  eye,  siirvi-yed  the  inwlti- 
tiiilc.  All  was  iiiisiied.  Nothinjf  interposetl  to  breaii  the  silence,  save  tho 
ppiiticrnstliii'fortlie  tree  tops,  under  whose  shade  they  were  ffathered.  AUer 
•\l()ii<f  and  solemn,  hi  .  '»t  unmeaninf:  pause,  he  commenced  his  speech  in  n 
low  voice  and  sententious  style.  Kisiuf;  gradually  with  the  sulij«u't,  ..e  de- 
I'ictod  the  jtrii  litivi;  si'n|ilicity  and  iiappiness  of  his  nation,  and  the  wron^'A 
they  had  suftaiued  from  the  usurpations  of  white  men,  with  such  a  bold  hut 
I'liilliful  pencil,  tiiat  <>very  auditor  was  soon  roused  to  venf,'eance,  or  melted 
into  tears.  The  (-fleet  was  iiu'xpressilile.  Rut  (M'e  the  (^notions  of  admirn- 
lioii  and  sympathy  had  subsided,  tim  whit<!  m(;n  became  alarmed.  They  were 
ill  liie  heart  of  an  Indian  coimtry — surrounded  by  more  than  ten  timers  their 
miiiiher,  who  were  intlanuul  by  the  reuHMubrauce  of  their  injuries,  and  ex- 
I'ili'il  to  indi^'nation  by  the  elo<iuence  of  a  favorite  chief.  Ajipalled  and 
tiriitied,  the  whit(!  men  cast  u  cheerless  j^a/e  upon  the  hordes  around  them. 
Aiiod  from  the  chiefs  mijjht  be  the  onset  of  d«'struction.  At  this  portentous 
D'oiiient,  Farmers-brother  interposed.  H  replied  not  to  his  brother  chief, 
but,  with  n  saj^acity  truly  aborij.final,  he  caused  a  cessation  of  the  council,  in- 
troduced good  cheer,  commended  the  eloquence  of  Red-jacket,  and,  before 
the  ineetiiif!;  had  reassembled,  with  the  aid  of  other  prudent  chiefs,  he  had 
nio'ieiuted  the  fury  of  his  nation  to  a  more  salutary  revicsw  of  the  (piestion 
bofore  tiiem.  Snmce  it  to  say,  the  treaty  was  concluded,  and  the  Western 
Oi.^trict,  at  this  day,  owes  no  small  [)ortion  of  its  power  and  influence  to  the 
foiiiiseis  of  a  savage,  in  comparison  with  whom  for  genius,  heroi^  ;n,  virtue, 
or  any  other  quality  that  can  adorn  tiie  bawblu  of  a  diadem,  not  only  Geors^e  the 
IV.  and  Louis  le  DesM,  but  the  German  emiieror  and  the  czar  of  Muscovy,  alike 
(Iwiiidie  into  insignificance."     We  can  add  notiiing  to  this  high  em-oiniutn. 

Red-jacket  was  of  the  number  who  visited  Philadcl|)hia  in  171)2,  as  will  be 
foni:''  mentioned  in  the  account  of  Jaquette  ;  at  which  time  he  wa.s  welcomed 
b)  tlie  governor  of  Pennsylvania  to  that  city,  and  addressed  by  him,  in  behalf 
oi'tiie  commonwealth,  in  die  coimcil-cband)er.  The  following  is  the  closing 
paragraph  of  tho  governor's  speech :  "Brothel's!  I  know  the  kindness  with 
ffiiicli  you  treat  the  strangers  that  visit  your  country ;  and  it  is  my  sincere 
wish,  that,  when  you  return  to  your  families,  you  may  be  able  to  assure  them 
liiattlie  virtues  of  friendship  and  hospital'ty  are  also  practised  by  the  citi- 
zens of  Pemisylvania."  He  had  befori.  observed  that  tho  govermnent  had 
'iiriiished  every  thing  to  make  them  comfortable  during  their  stay  at  Phila- 
(Iclpliia.  This  Avas  upon  the  28  March,  1792,  and  on  2  April  following, 
ilicy  met  again,  when  Red-jacket  spoke  in  answer  to  the  governor  as  Ibl- 
luwR : — 

"Brother,  Onas*  Governor,  open  unprejudiced  ears  to  what  we  have  to 
<ay.  Some  days  since  you  addressed  us,  and  what  you  said  gave  us  great 
pleasure.  This  day  the  (Jreat  Spirit  has  allowed  us  to  meet  you  again,  in 
iliis  council-chamber.  We  hope  that  your  not  receiving  an  immediate  an- 
Mvor  to  your  address,  will  make  no  improper  imi)ression  upon  your  mind. 
Wfi  mention  this  lest  you  should  suspect  that  your  kind  welcome  and  friendly 
address  lias  not  had  a  proper  effect  upon  our  hearts.  We  assure  you  it  is  far 
oiherwise.  In  your  address  to  us  the  othei  day,  in  this  ancient  council-cham- 
lier,  where  our  forefathers  have  often  conversed  together,  several  things 
tiruik  our  attention  very  forcibly.  When  you  told  us  this  was  the  place  in 
ivIiiLii  our  forefathers  oflen  met  on  peaceable  terms,  it  gave  us  sensible  pleas 
we,  and  more  joy  than  we  could  express.  Though  we  have  no  writings 
like  you,  yet  we  remember  oflen  to  have  heard  of  tin;  friendship  that  existed 
lietween  our  fathers  and  yours.    The  picture  f  to  which  you  drew  our  atten- 


'  Onas  was  the  name  the  Intlians  gave  William  Ptnn,  and  Ihey  continue  tiir  s;iin'!  namo 
lo  all  llic  governors  of  Pennsylvania. 
t  A  fine  picture  representing  Peim's  treaty  with  the  Indians, 


lOG 


RED.JACKET.— DOiMINIIM'KTKR. 


[Hook  V. 


tioii,  l»ron},'lit  frcHli  to  our  rniiids  the  fri(!iiill\  (•onfcrcnrcH  tlint  nsrd  to  li)<  ||,.|,( 
Ix'twccii  tlic  loiiiii'r  /^.vcriiors  of  I'ciiiisylvMiiia  mid  our  triluH,  and  hIiow,.,! 
the  lov(!  wliicli  your  torcl'athcrs  had  of  |Kacc,  and  tlic  friendly  di.-|iiiHitiori  of 
«»ur  |)(!op|f.  It  is  Htill  our  wish,  as  well  iih  yours,  to  prcscrvt;  iM-arc  httwccii 
our  trihcs  and  you,  and  it  wouhl  he  well  if  tlicsanio  spirit  rxistcd  anmn"  the 
IiKfians  to  the  westward,  and  'hrougii  (ivrry  part  of  the  I'nitcd  States,  ""^oi, 
jmrticuliu-ly  expressed  that  }  vere  well  pleased  to  find  that  we  diireicd  i,, 
disposition  I'roin  the  ludiiuis  vard.     Sour  disposition  is  that   for  wlijrh 

the  ancient  Onas  (Jovernors  \  euiarkahie.     As  you  love  peaci-,  so  (Id  u,> 

also;  and  we  wish  it  could  he  ex..  nded  to  the  most  distant  part  of  this  (.ricut 
oountry.  We  a^freed  in  co  incil,  this  niorinnj.',  that  the;  Kcntiinents  !  ||j,vo 
expressed  uliould  he  conuuiiMicatod  to  you,  hetore  the  delegates  o|"  the  I'jve 
Nations,  and  to  tefl  you  that  your  cordiid  widcome  to  this  city,  luid  tJie  jrc,,,,! 
nentiiiients  contained  in  your  address,  have  made  a  deep  impression  oii  om- 
liearts,  have  given  us  great  joy,  a>K/ /ro/n //te  AtaW  //c// ^oit  so.  This  is  ail  I 
have  to  say." 

When  ked-jackd  liad  finished,  luiothor  chief,  called  Jlfrtvelondonfrivas^  (mid 
sometimes  Good-pitcr,*)  tuldressed  the  asHeiidily.  Ili.s  s|teech  is  nmch  in  tin; 
style  of  Red-jackel^s,  aiul  was  chiefly  a  repetition,  in  other  words,  nf  it.  it 
waH  short,  and  contained  this  passage  :  "  What  is  there  more  desindtle  than 
that  we,  who  live  within  hearing  of  each  other,  should  unite  for  the  conniK,,, 
good?  TliiJ  is  my  wish,  it  is  the  wish  of  my  nation,  althougli  I  am  sorry  I 
can't  say  so  of  every  individual  in  it ;  for  there  are  ditlerenccs  of  opiiiiona 
among  us,  as  w(dl  as  among  our  white  brethren." 

Since  wc  Jiiive  here  introduced  Dominie  Peter,  we  will  so  far  digress  ns 
to  relate  whiit  follows  concerning  him.  lie  was  one  of  those  who  took  |mrt 
against  the  Americans  in  the  revolutionary  wiu',  and  when  hostilities  com. 
menced,  he  retired  and  joined  the  remote  trih<!s  towards  Caiiachi.  (.'ojoiud 
John  Harper  (one  of  the  family  from  whom  Harjjersficdd,  New  ^'ork,  tiikcs 
its  name)  was  staticmed  at  the  fort  at  Schorrie,  in  the  state  of  New  ^'oik. 
Early  in  the  spring  of  1777,  in  the  season  of  making  maple  sugar,  when  ull 
■wore  upon  the  look-out  tf)  avoid  siu'prise  by  the  Indians,  Colonel  Harper  KH 
the  garrison  and  j)roceeded  through  the  woods  to  llari)ersfiel(l ;  thence  by 
an  Indian  path  to  Cherry-valley.  In  his  way,  as  he  was  turning  the  point  of 
a  hill,  he  saw  a  company  of  Indians,  who,  at  the  same  time,  saw  him.  He 
dared  not  attcm[)t  flight,  as  he  could  exjject  no  other  than  to  be  shot  down  in 
such  attempt.  He,  therefore,  determined  to  advanc*^  and  meet  them  witlioiit 
discovering  fear.  Concealing  his  regimentals  as  well  as  he  could  with  iiis 
great  coat,  he  hastened  onward  to  meet  them.  Cefon;  they  met  him,  lie  dis- 
covered that  Peter  was  thi'ir  chief,  with  whom  he  had  formerly  traded  miicli 
at  0{|uago,  but  who  did  not  know  him.  Harper  was  the  first  to  speak,  as  they 
met,  and  his  words  were,  "  How  do  you  do,  brothers'^  "  The  chief  luiswcicd, 
"  We//. — How  do  you  do,  brother"}  ji'hich  way  are  you  bound'?  "  The  colonel 
rejilied,  ^^  On  a  secret  expedition.  And  which  tvay  are  you  bound,  brotha's.'" 
They  answered  without  hesitation  or  distrust,  tliioking,  no  douht,  tliey  liud 
fallen  in  with  one  of  the  king's  men,  "  Down  the  Susquehnnnah,  to  cut  of  the 
Johnstone  settlentent."  This  place,  since  called  Sid7tey  Plains,  consisted  of  a 
few  Scotch  families,  and  their  minister's  name  was  Johnstone ;  hence  the 
name  of  the  settlement.  The  colonel  next  asked  them  where  they  lodfrcd 
that  night,  and  they  told  him,  "  At  the  mouth  of  Scheneva's  Creek."  AtUr 
shaking  hands,  tlif^y  separated.  As  soon  as  they  were  out  of  sight.  Harper 
made  a  circuit  through  the  woods  with  all  sjjeed,  and  soon  arrived  tit  the 
head  of  Charlotte  River,  where  were  several  men  making  sugar.  This  phire 
was  about  ten  miles  from  Decatur  Hill,  where  he  met  the  Indians.  He 
ordered  them  to  take  each  a  rope  and  provisions  in  their  jjacks,  and  nsseiii- 
ble  at  Evan's  Place,  where  he  would  soon  meet  them :  thence  he  returned 
to  Harpersfield,  and  collected  the  men  there,  which,  including  the  others  and 
himself,  made  15,  just  equal  to  Peter's  force.  When  they  r.rrivcd  at  Evan's 
Place,  upon  the  Charlotte,  Harper  made  known  his  jirojcct.  They  set  ofi| 
and  before  day  the  next  morning,  came  into  the  neighborhood  of  the  In- 

*  And  often  Domine-peter.    2  Coll.  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  74. 


diuns'  camp.     Fn 

seen  burning,  am 

were  fast  asleep. 

their  ro|,es  in  tliei 

prasp  his  adversiu 

colonel  j„gg,,d  Ids 

Itmejor  men  of  bin 

no  s<»oner  was  it  i 

f<H!.     The  striiggi, 

of  every  one  of  t| 

C(iimtenances,  Pdi 

Xow  I  know  you! 

» Some  nolici/  in  ,< 

so  now.*'      'l'|„.„„ 

the  commainlinir  o 

Nivcd.*  " 

Ah  has  been  not 

20tli  of  Jamiary,  it 

chosen  chief  of  th( 

'Hie  famous  Hene 

tioiied  ill  the  accoiii 

i"  i7!fci,  I'armkr 

"ho  attended  the  i 

I'ennsylvnnia  (Jazel 

riiiels  and  warriors 

were  Welcomed  to  t 

povernor.     ThnMj  of 

dial  reception  which 

until  another  opporti 

us  the  ancient  comic 

met  to  brighten  the  c 

I    tlie  presence  of  a  gn 

ii|ion  the  feelings  of 

elocirtioii  of  the  Fan 

»ur  ideas  of  the  grea 

fliioiigh  his  whole 

111  the  sjiring  of  the 

insisting  of  the  chit 

of  the  western  lakes. 

made,  some  for  and  o 

trs-brother  shone  con 

fours  long,  and  the 

Know  of  no  speeches 

liecn,  doubtless  miicl 

He  seems  not  only  to 

English.f 

Oi' Peter  Jaquette, 
«e  will  give  some  a 
one  of  the  |)rincipal 
•'elpiiin,  19  March,  17} 
«"«,  lit  the  close  of  the 
Mr.  Jaquette,  having  di 
fn.v.  "His  funeral  m 
IJurynig-groimd  in  Mu 
"ieiit  of  the  light  infa 
niiisic  playing  a  solei 

*  Annals  of  Tryon  Co. 

t  "Lo  village  ife  Ruflal 

!''i-mr,  eslimi-  par  toiuos  k 

iieneca."    Rochefoucauld 


Chap.  Vl] 


FARMEIlH-nROTIIER. 


107 


dinriH'  cnriip.  From  n  Hmnll  ctiiiiicnro,  jiiHt  nt  «ln\vii  of  dny,  tlioir  firn  was 
■eon  hiirniiijr,  mul  Pdtr,  iniiidMt  his  warriors,  lyiiif?  upon  tli<>  <;roiiiitl.  All 
were  fust  asleep.  Unrpcr  and  his  conipanionH  earli  crept  silently  op,  willi 
their  ropes  in  their  hands,  man  to  nwin  ;  aial  eaeh,  standiii*!;  in  apposition  to 
jtriisp  hiH  adversary,  waited  for  the  word  to  he  jiiven  l»y  their  leader.  'I'lio 
colonnl  jo;,'^red  his  Indian,  and,  as  he  was  wakin>r,  said  to  him,  "  Comr,  i7  is 
iime for  nifii  (tf  bua'mrsH  tit  hv  unlluir  uxiif."  This  was  the  watchword;  and 
no  sooner  was  it  pronounced,  than  each'  Indian  Itdt  the  warm  <;ras|'  of  his 
t'oe.  The  strufr^fle  was  d(!sperate,  thoUKli  HJiort,  and  resulted  in  the  capturo 
of  every  one  of  the  party.  Wiieii  it  was  sutHciently  li;,'ht  to  distinj^uisli 
CdUiiteiiaiices,  A7(r,  ohserviiif;  (Joloiud  Harprr,  m'u\,''  Ha !  Volomi  Hminr ! 
S'liW  I  know  you !  H'hj  did  I  not  know  ifou ye.Ktvrditi/ '/"  The  colonel  ohserved, 
" .Some  /WiVw  in  war,  Peter"  To  wliicli  /\/tr  replied,  ".//i/  me  find  em 
so  now.  These  captives  were  marched  to  Aliiany,  and  delivered  up  to 
the  commanding  otHcer.  IJy  this  cai)ital  exploit  no'douht  many  lives  wero 
wivcd.* 

As  has  heeii  noted,  Red-Jacket  died  lit  his  residence  near  HuHalo,  on  the 
20tli  of  January,  1830,  Uf^ed  ahout  80  yearH.  In  I8.'W,  u  grandson  of  his  was 
ciios(!n  chief  of  the  Senecas. 

Tiio  famous  Seneca  chifd",  called  the  FARMKRS-BROTIIKIl,  is  oOen  men- 
tioned ill  tlu!  accounts  of  Red-jacket.     His  luitivo  name  wils  Ho  na-i/a-wiis. 

In  17!>"2,  I'armkiih-iikothkr  wim  in  Philudelphia,  and  was  among  those 
who  attended  the  burial  of  Mr.  Peter  Jaijuctte,  and  is  thus  noticed  in  tlio 
I'l'iiiisylvania  Gazette  of  28  March,  of  that  year:  "On  Monday  last,  the 
chiefs  and  warriors  of  tiie  I'Mve  Nations  assembled  at  the  statts-house,  and 
were  welconuMl  to  the  city  of  IMiiladelphia  in  an  address  delivered  by  the 
governor.  Three  of  the  chiefs  made  a  gtdieral  ai^kiiowledgmeiit  for  the  cor- 
dial reception  whicli  they  had  experienced,  but  postponed  thisir  formal  answer 
until  another  opportunity.  The  room  in  w  liich  they  assembled  was  mentioned 
as  the  ancient  council-chamber,  in  whi'di  their  ancestors  and  ours  had  olle:i 
met  to  brighten  the  chain  of  friendship;  and  this  circumstance, together  with 
the  presence  of  a  great  part  of  the  beauty  of  the  city,  had  an  evident  etlect 
upon  the  feelings  of  the  Indians,  and  seemed  |»articularly  to  emi)aiTass  the 
elocution  of  the  Farmers-brother."  This  last  clause  does  not  correspond  with 
our  ideas  of  the  great  chief. 

Through  his  whole  lif(!,  Farmers-brother  seems  to  have  been  a  peace,  ker. 
Ill  the  spring  of  the  next  year,  there  was  a  great  council  hehl  at  N  .igara, 
I'oiisistiiig  of  the  chiefs  of  a  great  many  nations,  dwelling  upon  the  shores 
of  the  western  lakes.  At  this  time,  many  long  and  laborious  s[)eeclies  wero 
made,  some  for  and  others  against  tlie  conduct  of  the  United  States.  Fa:-m- 
m-brother  shone  consjiicuous  at  this  twne.  His  speech  was  nearly  three 
hours  long,  and  the  final  determination  of  the  council  was  peace.  VVii 
know  of  no  speeches  being  preserved  at  this  time,  but  if  there  could  have 
iwcn,  doubtless  much  true  history  might  have  been  collected  from  them. 
Ill'  HeeiiiK  not  only  to  have  been  esteemed  by  the  Americans,  but  also  by  the 
English.! 

Of  Peter  Jaquette,  whom  we  have  several  times  incidentally  mentioned, 
we  will  give  some  account  before  proceeding  with  Honayawus.  He  was 
one  of  the  jirincipal  sachems  of  the  Oncidas.  This  chief  died  in  Phila- 
lielphia,  19  March,  17i)2.  He  had  been  taken  to  France  by  General  Lafaij- 
e//e,  Kt  the  close  of  the  revolutionary  war,  whero  lie  received  an  education. 
Mr.  Jaquette,  having  died  on  Monday,  was  interred  jn  the  following  Wednc^s- 
ilay.  "  His  funeral  was  attended  from  Oder's  hotel  to  the  Presbyterian 
buiyiiig-ground  in  Mulkcrry-street.  The  corpse  was  preceded  by  a  detacli- 
iiiout  of  the  light  infantry  of  the  city,  with  arms  reversed,  drums  muftled, 
music  playing  a  solemn   dirge.     The   corpse  was  followed   by  six  of  the 

»  Annals  of  Trvon  Co.  8to.  N.  York,  18. 

t  "  liC  village  da  ButTalo  est  habile  par  Ics  Senecas.  Le  chef  de  cette  nation  est  Brothers- 
farmer,  estiim"  par  toutns  les  trihus  roimnc  grand  guerrier  ct  prand  poliliqiie.  el  Ibrl  raross6 
ace  litre  par  les  affciis  anglais  el  les  ageiis  .Vmcrirains.  BufTalo  est  lo  clicl'  lieu  de  la  iialion 
Seneca."    liochejoucaulct,  Voyage  daiis  I'Amenque  en  171)5,  6,  and  7,  t.  i.  2Uy. 


K   ;  w 


.     vl 
.  *  .1  - 


:  4|i| 

.  ^'m 

.: .  U 

'i";^! 

M;'hii 

1  .1*1'  ii'? 

lOrt      rAiiMKUH-nuoTHKR.— HIS  account  ov  tiik  mounds,   fnonn  v. 

«'lii«'(s  (iH  iiiiMiriii'rN,  niii'i'<>i'<1imI  liy  nil  llir  wmridrH  ;  llii<  mvcri'inl  cli-rirv 
of  all  ilriioiiiiiialioiH  ;  HccriMary  ol' wiir,  ami  llir  ^iiillt'iiii'ti  of  the  ^var  i|i>. 
IHirtiiifiit  ;  ollii'crN  of  tlM>  (i'licrai  army,  and  of  tlir  iiiiliiia;  ami  a  mimlH'r  of 
cili/i'iiH."  * 

Oim  of  tlio  iiioHt  rrli'ltrah'it  H|>nThrH  of  Fitrnurx-hntUur  waH  dflivfrcd 
ill  a  roiiiiril  at  (icm-scc  Kivcr,  in  I7!IH,  ami  aHtT  licin^  iiit<M|Mi'ic(|,  ^vmm 
Ni^riKMl  liy  ilic  rhicfM  |hcm'IiI,  ami  hciii  to  tlir  lt';;iHlaliirt'  of  New  York.  |t 
followH:    - 

"  Urotlirrs,  as  yon  an'  once  more  aMHiunlilnd  in  ronnril  for  tlii<  iinr|iuHr  of 
<loin^'  liomn-  to  yom-MclvrH  ami  jnHlicr  to  yonr  coinitiy,  \vi>,  yonr  IiioiIicin 
tiie  Haclii'iiiH,  rliids  ami  \vairi<nsof  tlit!  Scncfa  nation,  rf<|ncHl  yon  to  ,,|iril 

ifoiir  vnrs  ami  jfivr  attfiition  to  onr  voict«  and  wIhIu'M.  — Yon  will  ncollcci  il,,. 
afo  ••ontcst  iH'twiM'ii  yon  ami  yunr  father,  tlir  Kn-at  kiiijf  of  I'ln^^jand.  'I'liis 
rontcst  threw  the  inhahilantH  of  thin  whole  island  into  a  f;reat  tinmilt  and 
oonnnotion,  like  a  ra^in^  whirlwimi  which  tiarn  n|i  the  trees,  mid  tosses  to 
iind  ti'o  the  leaves,  so  that  no  one  knows  from  whem-e  they  eoine,  or  wheri! 
they  will  tiill. — This  whirlwimi  was  so  directed  l»y  the  (ireat  Spirit  aiiovi'  ns 
to  throw  intc»  onr  arms  two  of  yonr  infant  children,  7<».»/«t  Pitiritili  luul  UDntttu 
Jnniit.\  We  adopted  them  into  onr  families,  and  made  them  om*  cliildrcii. 
\Vc  loved  them  and  nourished  them.  They  lived  with  ns  many  years.  Jt 
IfUfith  the  (irtal  Spirit  spoke  In  flu-  whirhrinif,  and  it  irtui  still,  A  clear  and  im. 
interrnpted  sky  appeared.  Tht?  path  of  peace  wa.s  opened, and  the  chain  (if 
(riendsliip  was  once  more  made  liriftht.  'I'lieii  these  onr  ntlopted  c|iil(|rt>n 
iHl  IIS,  to  seek  thttir  relations;  we  wislie<i  them  to  remain  anion^^  ns,  miiiI 
promised,  if  they  would  retnrii  and  livt;  in  onr  country,  to  ^'ive  each  of  t|it>in 
a  seat  of  land  lor  them  and  their  children  to  sit  down  upon. — They  have  re- 
turned, ami  have,  for  several  years  past,  lieen  serviceahle  to  ns  as  inicriirct- 
ers.  We  still  feel  onr  hearts  heat  with  aU'ection  li)r  them,  and  now  wish  to 
fiillil  tlie  pr4>ini.se  we  made  them,  and  reward  them  for  their  Ncrvicits.  Wc 
have,  theretore,  iiiaih^  np  onr  minds  to  uivt-  them  a  seat  of  two  sipiaro  inili'i^ 
of  land,  IviiiK  •>"  '''»'  outlets  of  Lake  Krie,  ahont  three  miles  heiow  Mliick. 
rock,  hcjimniiifr  at  the  month  of  a  creek  known  hy  the  tiaine  of  Sroi/iruijumi- 
(ksnrrk,  rnnnin^  ono  inih'  fioni  the  River  Niajfara  up  said  creek,  tiicnrc 
northerly  as  the  river  rnns  two  miles,  thence  westerly  one  mile  to  the  rivir, 
tlii'iice  ii|)  the  river  as  the  river  rims,  two  miles,  to  the  place  of  hegiiuiiiiff,  so 
as  to  contain  two  square  miles. — Wo  have  now  made  known  to  yon  hih' 
minds.  We  expect  and  <'arnestly  reipiest  that  yon  will  permit  otir  liicnds 
to  receive  this  onr  fi'iW,  and  will  make  the  same  frood  to  them,  accordinfi  to 
the  laws  and  customs  of  yonr  nation. — Why  hIioiiUI  you  hesitate  to  nmkc  nnr 
iniiids  easy  with  rejiard  to  this  onr  reiiiiest.'  To  you  it  is  hnt  a  little  thin;;; 
and  have  you  not  com|ili<Ml  with  the  retjiiest  and  contirmed  the  frills  of  our 
brothers  the  Oneidas,  the  Ononda^as  and  Cayufjas  to  their  iiiterpietciv*? 
And  sliail  we  ask  anil  not  be  heard?  We  send  yon  this  onr  sjicccli,  tn 
which  wo  e.\i)ect  your  answt'r  before  the  breaking  up  our  great  conmil 
fire." 

A  goiitleinan  |  who  visited  Buffalo  in  1810,  observes  that  Fminfis-hrnthcr 
was  never  known  to  drink  ardent  spirits,  and  although  then  !t4  years  old, 
walked  perfectly  upright,  and  was  remarkably  straight  and  well  Ibrnicil; 
very  grave,  and  answi-red  bis  in(|uiries  with  great  precision,  but  thronirli  liis 
interpreter,  IMr.  Fairish,  before  named.  His  atrcount  of  the  mounds  in  llwt 
region  will  not  give  satisfaction.  He  told  Dr.  Kitu^  that  they  were  thrown 
up  against  the  incursions  of  the  French,  and  that  the  implements  fonnd  in 
them  were  taken  from  them  ;  a  great  army  of  French  having  been  ovcrtlirowii 
and  mostly  cut  off,  the  Indians  became  possessed  of  their  ncoutrcint'iits, 
which,  being  of  no  use  to  them,  were  buried  with  their  owners. 

He  was  a  great  warrior,  and  although  "eighty  snows  in  years"  when  tlip 
wiu- of  1812  began,  yet  ho  engaged  in  it,  and  fought  with  the  Aiiiuricaiis. 

*  Foiinsylvaiiia  Gazette. 

t  Taken  prisoners  at  ihe  destruction  of  Wyoming  by  the  lories  and  Indians  under  Butler 
anil  Brant. 

X  Dr.  William  King,  llie  celebrated  electrician,  who  gives  the  author  lliis  information 
verbally. 


ctnr.  VI]  rAFimr; 

Undid  not  live  till 
iMittIc  of  Mridgrwa 
rfxiitient  of  |'„ir,., 
Iiini  Ity  (.'cnrnil  l 
ii«(iiii.s(  th,.  AiiM^rir 
a  more  sublime  ni 
Kjifccli  given  ahov 
Horlli  reiMwiiih"- 
dill." 

'I'hiH  celchniled  c 
Fn'iich  War,  as  if  in 
wlicie,  at  the  head  .1 
fompimied  the  Kn^r) 
f'liri   Niagara,  whirl 
Sir  If  ill  in  III  Jiilinsoii. 
liiil(Mind  is  a  very  ii 
wil  is  hut  three  and 
fiili  shore.     It  is  said 
ninore  dismal  lookii 
|KT|i(iidicnlMr  hank,, 
"''I'll",  "hich  had  laki 
llii' chasm,  added  (,,  ( 
ri'iiilcrlhe  scene  truly 
I'll  liilc  tlial  awniied'l 
nliisiling   to  tlwir  di 
(irriviil  at  this  spot,  rti,- 
'■"iMiiicm-ed  a  horrid  I 
""•''  "f  MMiid  (iirsook  I 
liiiinl,  the  teamsters,  tl 
iIi'',!.'nI(:     Milt  two  of  I 
ST,  (iliove  the  (iills,  wli 
""I  '•"•'  of  the  soldien 
"l'i;''i  sustained  him  n 
'"'•'"IT  Niagara,  and   || 
■'"i"  'i^'ilct  that  runs 
Mid,  colored  with  the  I 
^""»y  ilie  nami'  of  |{|,„ 
t'ltrrnvrs-lirolhrr  fbiigl 
I  ii"iiicoiisiderahle  (1),.'^ 
'";|;"  "f  110  important  a 
I  lie  liillowing  reiiiar 
''"^'•I'icC     In  the  war 
J'';'."'';''  "•  P'-'-'s   li.r  a 
iy-jiirht  and  hirmrrs- 
I  ;irpi''inM|  ill  his  pi-cs,.,!,. 
>''"»l'-  h  l/ir  Mohawks. 
I  •^'<lpin!r-k„!/r.     Saij,  wh 
wk  knew  fliere  was 

''"■•  'nH«oi,i,.|,i,,|-o,-( 

T;';  Ills  hreast,  he  ,li„,. 
lliclollowiiig  letters 
I  J'vclop  some  other  ititcM 

"'''"file  ir()iioraIiI(>  /r/// 
"    lie  saclienis  and  eh 
.'tandnigyoiiar..  fhepet., 
nmuijr,.  and  conduct  the 
)»:;/"•<■   at   peaee    and 
ailiicn  to  afatJicr,  to 


10 


Bui 


OK  V' 

ir  tlc- 

MT  of 
iviTl'tl 

I,  WHS 
ik.    h 

OHO  of 

OtIlCIH, 

i>  njit'ii 
eel  (lie 
This 
lilt  lUlll 
IHSI'S  Id 
■  wllClT 
llOVC,  IIS 

liirdtio 
'liililrni. 
nrs.    ,lt 

iinil  un- 
I'lmin  of 
cliililnMi 
!  IIS,  niiil 

of  tllClll 

liiivi'  rt'- 
iiilcriircl- 
,v  wisli  to  I 
(•••s.  \\r 
iiro  mill's 
iW  IJIiick- 
oi/iTi"/'"*.'/- 

I'K,  tllCIli'i' 

till'  liver, 
iiiiiliif;,  so 

you  our 
iir  friiMwls 
onliiij;  to 
iiiako  our 
ttli-  tliin;,'; 
fts  of  our 
I'rpi'Ptprs? 

pecfli,  to 
|ut  council 


Vrts-hrolher 
1  years  old, 
hi  foriiieil; 
hiroiiijli  Ills 
[lis  in  that 
\rv  thrown 
found  in 
Ivertlirown 
liuromeuts, 

when  the 
Lincriciuis, 

lunder  BiUler 
infonnauon 


cuAr.  vii  FAKMr.usnuoTiii.K.— simruiHi;  at  imivii/s  iioi.r,. 


KM) 


lie  dill  not  Tint  till  its  flnsc,  Init  ilirtl  nl  tlii>  Hfiirfii  villii(;r,  jiisi  nO  r  tlm 
IniIiIi-  of  Mi'iil<;r\viiirr,  niiil  wtis  iiitiii'iil  willi  iiiililiir\  Ikmiims  Ii\  iI  r  lilHi 
re^itiK'iit  lit'  I'niti'i!  Htiit*  s  iiiliinli'v.  Ili'  ii^tmlK  xmm'i'  (i  iiinlal  |ii'i'si-iit«'<l 
liiiii  by  (icnrrtil  hnnliiiiixlini.  In  tlir  iTvnIntiiiii,  lir  lim^rlii  Niin  r<<Mriilly 
ii);iiiiiHt  till*  AiiK'iii-aiis.      I^'l'llll|l^4  tliii'i-  in-vrr  lliiwril  iViitii   llir   li|is  iif  iiiiiii 


a  nil 


ii'i>  MiililiiMi'   Mirlii|iliiii'   tliiiii    that    iiiiiilr    iiHi'    III'   liy    ihiN    rliirf,    in    ll 


III 


It    JM 

irit.l 


MH'i'i'li    ^ivi-ii    iiliiivr,    wlii'ii    iilliiiliiii;    III    llir    rrvDliiiioiiiirv   i-<iiitr~l 
worlli    iriiriitiii;;:      " 'IVic    (Innl    Sjilril  nfnih     Id  tin    irliirhrliiif,  aiiif    it 
ill//." 

TliiM  ri'li'liniti'il  cirirf  wiiH  riipi;;<Ml  in  tin-  i-iiiihi'  nC  ilic  I'micli,  in  tin-  nlil 
rn'iirli  war,  as  it  iH  tftinril,  iinil  In-  iinrr  |iiiiiitri|  out  tlm  s|miI  to  a  tnivrlirr, 
ulierr,  lit  tlir  lirail  of  a  lianil  iif  his  warrioiN,  lir  aniliiiHliril  a  ^nianl  that  ar- 
;>iii|iiiiiiril  the  l',ii>{liMli  train",  riiiplnynl  In  Ixvnii  ilir  I'lills  iif  Nia^'iiia  anil 
flirt  Niii;.'ara,  uhirli  Innl  tlim  irri'iitly  siirmiilnril  to  tlir  i'ji;.'li.H|i  iiiiiirr 
<\r  fHlliiiin  Johnson.  'I'lir  |ilacr  of  the  ainliiisji  is  now  rallril  tin-  l>i\irH 
lliile,  mill  is  a  vrry  iioti'il  |ilan'  to  ini|nisitivi-  visitors  iiC  tliat  ronianlir  rr;riiMi, 
IS  ii  is  liiit  tliriT  ami  a  half  niilrs  lulovv  the  <rri  at  I'alls,  ami  ii|ion  tlir  Ainrri- 
,;iii  slioir.  It  is  saiil  of  this  |ilarr,  that  "  tlir  niimi  can  sniri'ily  roiirrivi!  of 
;i  iiiori' ilisnial  lookiiiLr  ili'ii.  A  lari^i-  ravinr,  iiiailr  liy  llii'  falling;  in  of  tlii> 
|iiM|iriiilii'iilar  liank,  ilarkciii'il  liy  tin-  s|iirai!iM;;  liranilit'S  of  tin-  liirrli  ami 
iTiliir,  vvliii-li  liail  taken  root  IhIow,  ami  tlir  low  niiiriniirin;;  ol'  tin-  rapids  in 
ilie  eliasni,  aildril  to  tin- solnnii  lliiimirr  of  tlii>  ratiirarl  ilsidf,  I'ontriliiiti!  to 
niiiliT  llir  sri'iic  truly  iivvfid.  Tin-  l''.n>;lish  party  vvnc  noliivvari'  ol'tlii-  drcad- 
I'lil  llili'  that  avvaitril  tliiMii.  I'lironsrioiis  ol'  daiiiri-r,  tlii'  drivers  wi'rr  ^'iiyly 
nhistliiiir  to  thi'ir  dull  ox-tiwiins.  {■'urnicrs-hntlliir  ami  his  liaiid,  on  tlirir 
iiirivtil  lit  this  spot,  riishnl  from  thr  thirkrt  wliii-ji  hail  rom-ralril  tiirm,  anil 
iiiiiiiiiriii'ril  a  horrid  liiitrhrry."  So  imrxpiTtrd  was  the  iittark  iliat  all  prrs- 
iiiie  of  iiiimi  forsook  tin-  r.ii^dish,  and  tliry  inailr  littlr  or  no  n-sistanro.  'I'lu; 
"iinnl,  tho  tranistrrs,  thr  oxni  and  thr  wa;;oiis  vvrro  prrripitatrd  down  into 
llii  ;.'iill'.  itiit  two  of  thr  nini  rsra|iril:  a  All.  Slrihiutn,  who  livrd  atSrhlos- 
^■r,  iiliovi'  thr  liills,  who,  lii'in^'  nioiinlrd  on  a  lint  horsi>,  I'lli'i-trd  his  cNi-apr  ; 

Hill  onr  of  till"  soldii'is,  who  was  caii^dit  on  thr  projcrtiii^  root  of  a  irilar, 
uhii'li  siistaiiiiMl  him  until  llir  Indians  had  Irt)  thr  plari>.     Mr  soon  aftrr  •;ot 
iiia<''ara.  and   tlirri>   iravr   an  aeroiint  of  what    liai 


<iiial 


ipp 


III 


d.     Tl 


riviili't  that  runs  into  tin-  Niiiffara  ihronjrh  tlii^  Ih-vil's  lloh-,  was,  it  \h 
siiil,  eiilorrd  with  thr  hlood  of  thi>  slain  on  that  iiiiliirtiinati;  d4iy,  unU  il  now 
k'irsllir  nainr  of  liloody-Kiin. 

Fiirmirs-hrollirr  loiijiht  airainst  thii  Anirrii-aiis  in  tlio  Krvohitioii,  and  was 
iiniiicoiisidrrablr  for ;  lint  his  ai'ts  wrrr  prohahly  mostly  in  coiincil  as  w«! 
In'iir  of  no  important  arliirvi'iiirnts  liy  him  in  thr  liild. 

The  followiii<^'  rnnarkalilr  inridriit  should  not  Iif  omitted  in  the  fife  of 
lliis  eliicf.  In  the  war  of  ISI'i,  a  fugitive  iMohawk  from  the  enemy  had  eii- 
ili'iivoi'i'd  to  p;iss  for  a  h^eneea,  and  ai'i-ordiiifily  eaiiie  amon;^  those  under 
Riil-jiirlivt  and  Fitrmern-hvitlhii:     The  latter  disrovcred  him,  and  immediately 


a|i|H'iin 


ll  ill  his  presenre,  and  thus  aerosted   him.     "/  know  i/ou  wt 


II.      ) 


on 


W'liiy  lo  the  Miihuwkii,      Yon  arc  it  .ip>/.     Ilnr  in  iivj  rijir — mif  lonutluiwk — mif 
,imlj)!ti<r-kn!j'r.     Siiif,  wliirk    I  skull    u.tp,     I  am  in   Inistc."      The  ymmj?   Mo- 

liimk  knew  there  was  no  reprieve,  nor  time  to  deliherate.     He  chose  tlio 

rill'.    The  old  chief  ordered  him  to  lie  down  upon  the  },'rass,  and  with  one  loot 

ii]Hiii  his  breast,  be  dischar;;e(l  his  ride  into  his  head.* 

The  followiiif,'  letter  will,  besides  exhibitiiiff  the  condition  of  tlio  Scnecas, 
I  Jevdop  some  otliiu-  iiitoresting  flictM  in  their  biof!:ra|ihicul  history. 

'To  the  Uoiiorable  Willinm  Ev.slls,  secretary  at  war. 

"The  sachems  and  chief  warriors  of  the  Seneca  nation  of  Tndian.s,  uiidor- 
I  Sanding  yon  are  the  person  appointed  by  the  ^vvni  council  of  your  nation  to 
riiiimige  and  conduct  the  alVairs  of  the  several  nations  of  Indians  with  whom 
joi  uie  ut  peace  ami  on  terms  of  friendHhi)),  come,  at  this  time,  as 
cliililrcii  to  u  father,  to  lay  before  yon  the  trouble  which  we  liuve  on  our 
minds. 


10 


*  Buckinghmn' s  Miscellanies,  i.  33,  34. 


no 


FARMERS-BROTHER. 


[Book  V. 


" Brother,  we  do  not  tliiiik  it  best  to  nniiti ply  words:  we  will,  thorofore 
tell  you  wlmt  our  romplaiiit  is. — Brotlior,  li.stfii  to  what  we  say :  801110  years 
since,  wc  held  a  treaty  at  Jii<(tree.  near  the  Genesee  River.  Thi.s  treaty  was 
called  by  onr  j^reat  liaher,  the  president  of  the  United  States.  Uc  sent  an 
an;ent.  Col.  Jfadsworth,  to  attend  this  treaty,  for  the  purjiose  of  advisinif  us  in 
the  business,  and  seeing  that  we  liad  justice  done  us.  At  this  treaty,  \vii  ,s)|,i 
to  Robert  Morris  the  greatest  i)art  ot"  onr  comitry  ;  the  sum  lie  gave  us  was 
100,000  dollars.  The  eoniiiiissioncrs  who  were  appointed  on  your  jian 
advised  us  to  plarc  this  money  in  the  hands  oConr  great  father,  the'  president 
of  the  United  States.  He  told  us  our  fiither  loved  his  red  children,  and 
would  take  care  «-f  our  money,  and  plant  it  in  a  field  where  it  would' l)p,,r 
seed  forever,  as  long  as  tree.,  grow,  or  waters  run.  Our  money  has  lioreto- 
fore  been  of  great  service  to  us ;  it  has  helped  us  to  support  our  old  peopio 
and  our  women  and  children;  but  we  are  told  the  field  where  our  nioinn  was' 
planted  is  become  barren. — Brother,  we  do  not  understand  your  way  of  doinir 
business.  This  thing  is  very  heavy  on  our  minds.  We  mean  to  hold  onr 
white  brethren  of  the  United  States  by  the  hand  ;  but  this  weight  lies  heavy  • 
we  hope  you  will  remove  it. — We  have  heard  of  the  bad  conduct  of  our 
brothers  towards  the  setting  sun.  We  arc  sorry  for  what  they  have  done  • 
but  you  must  not  blame  us ;  we  have  had  no  hand  in  this  bad  business! 
They  have  had  bad  ])eople  among  them.  It  is  your  enemies  have  done  this. 
— We  have  persuaded  our  agent  to  take  this  talk  to  your  great  council.  Hij 
knows  our  situations,  and  will  s|)eak  our  minds. 

[Subscribed  with  the  marks  of] 


Farmer's  Brother,  [Honayawiw,] 
Little  Billy,  [Gishkaka,] 
YouAO  King,  [KoyingqiiaiUah,'\ 
Pollard,  [Kaoundoowand,] 
Chief- warrior,  [lAinuchskewa,] 
Two-guns, 
John  Sky, 

Parrot-nose,  [Soocoowa,] 
John  Pierce,  [Teskaiy,] 


Wheelbarrow, 

Jack-berry, 

Twenty  Canoes,  [Cachaunwasse,\ 

Big-kettle,  [Sessewa  ?] 

Half-town,  [Miiout,] 

Keyandeande, 

Captain-cold, 

Esq.  Blinkney, 

Capt.  Johnson,  [Talmnaha.] 


Strong,  [KahcUsta,] 

"  N.  li.  The  foregoing  speech  was  delivered  in  council  by  Fanners- Brother, 
at  Buffalo  Creek,  IS)  Dec.  1811,  and  subscribed  to  in  my  |)resence  by  tiie 
chiefs  whose  names  arc  annexed. 

Erastus  Granger'" 

Eight  thousand  dollars  *  was  appropriated  immediately  upon  receipt  of  the 
above. 

Littlc-billr/,  or  Gishkaka^  is  the  same  of  whom  we  have  spoken  in  a  prece 
ding  chapter,  and  called  by  Washington,  Juskakaka, 

Young-king,  the  third  signer  of  the  above  talk,  was  engaged  in  figlitiiifr 
for  the  Americans  in  the  last  war  with  England,  and  by  an  act  of  conjricss 
Avas  to  be  paid  yearly,  in  quarterly  payments,  200  dollars,  during  lifii.  Tlio 
act  states  that  it  was  "u  compensation  for  the  brave  and  meritorious  services 
which  he  rendered"  in  that  war,  "and  as  a  provision  for  the  wound  ami 
disability  which  he  received  in  the  performance  of  those  services."  This 
was  in  the  s|)niig  of  1810. 

Of  Pollard,  or  Captain  Pollard,  we  shall  have  occasion  elsewhere  to  say 
more. 

Jack-herry  was  sometimes  interpreter  for  Red-jacket. 

Half-town  wiis  very  conspicuous  in  the  afliiirs  of  the  Senecas,  but  as  he 
is  generally  inenlioned,  in  our  documents,  in  connection  with  Corn-plant,  or 
Corn-plnntcr,  and  Big-tree,  we  had  designed  to  speak  of  the  three  collectively. 

We  find  among  the  acts  of  the  Pennsylvania  legislature  of  17i»l,  one  "  llir 

•  '•■  In  lieu  of  tlic  diviilciu)  on  the  bank  shares,  liekl  by  the  president  of  the  U.  Slp.tes,  in 
trust  for  tlie  Seneca  nation,  in  llic  bank  of  tlie  U.  Slates." 
j  Or  Kiinidnoewa,  Kutjfnlhoghki',  &c. 
%  Benson's  Memoir,  bcibre  tlie  N.  Y.  Hist.  Sue.  page  20.    Also  Amur.  Magazme. 


Chap.  VI.] 


IL 


panting  800  dollars 

111  trust  (or  the  Seiu 

an  Indian  war.     Set 

all  experience  has  si 

troubles  were  sure  t 

upon   with  jealousy 

man's  friend,"  and  «• 

picious  movement  ol 

;    tiint  hostile  bands,  li 

hilt  for  the  vigilance 

liecn  cut  off!     In  Api 

Hinds  of  100  warrioi 

tiiiually,  "  being  dete 

irecpient  discoveries 

Xew-arrow  gave  info 

had  been  seen  on  I 

supposed  to  be  Fort  J 

The  Indian  name 

Harmcr,  in  178!>,  wli» 

States.     The  conmiis 

SI.  Clair,  Oliver  H'ola 

on  the  part  of  the  Se 

or  Gi/antwaia,  besides 

Big-tree  was  often  c 

\atioiis,  was    JVihoro 

nation,  t    Big-tree  wa 

1778,  but  returned  to 

the  Senecas,  and  used 

Brant  against  the  Am 

Big-tree  was  receivtul 

mission.    Having  stai 

Oneidas  sent  a  messei 

that  when  he  arrived  i 

villages,  Kanadaseago 

tribes  ;  that  they  at  fir 

learning  by  a  spy  that 

flew  to  arms,  and  Big 

lie  said,  "  the  enemy  th 

But  we  do  not  learn 

and  doubtless  returnei 

CORN-PLA.VTER  WaS 

not  learn;  we  will,  h 
that  signal  disaster,  i, 
themselves  upon  the  ( 
Itiiilt  a  fort  ii|)on  it,  as 
noiigaluda,  the  latter 
taken  by  a  force  of  alx 
Braddock.     With  abou 
the  rest  to  follow   111 
eoiir.><e  of  Ids  march,  I. 
of  the  French  fort  on 
meiits  was  carried  the. 
it  was  told  among  the 
stolid  columns,  they  I. 
ij^oot  'en  down,  all  one 
"1  this,  the  Indians  w«; 
The  French,  it  seen 


Or  Kiaridoffewa,  Ka 
t  IJeuson's  Memoir,  be 

SAcrount  of  the  Ohio 
Withers't  Clironicla 


II 


>0K  V. 

ofore, 
yours 
y  was 
■nt  ail 
J  us  ill 
lO  sold 
IS  was 
r  liiu-t, 
'(<i(leiit 
n,  iuid 
(1  hear 
lionno- 
peoplc, 

(iV  \\i\H 

t'doiiic; 
lid  our 
heavy ; 
ol'  our 
!  done; 
iisiiii'ss. 
lie  tliis. 
:il.    11*3 


sse,j 


Chap.  VI]  HALF-TOWN— CORN-PLANT— BIG-TREE. 


-Brother, 
by  tlie 

VGER  '' 

)t  of  the 
a  prece 

figliting 
congress 
I'e.  Tlic 
;  servioes 

iiid  and 
This 


mi 


I 


e  to  say 

nt  as  he 
-Itlmf,  or 
iectively. 
one  "  Ibr 

.  Stp.tes,  ia 

le. 


Ill 


grontini?  800  dolliirs  to  Corn-planter,  Half-town  mid  Bif^-trce,  Soiiocn  cliiefs, 
ill  triit<t  for  tiic;  Sciujcu  nation."  At  this  time  iimch  was  apprnlieiuicd  from 
an  Jiidian  war.  Settlors  were  intnidiiif,'  theiiisclvcs  upon  their  eoiiiitrv,  and 
nil  experieiiee  lias  shown  that  whenever  the  whites  have  gone*  among  tliein, 
troubles  were  sure  to  follow.  Every  movement  of  the  Indians  was  looked 
upon  with  jealousy  by  them  at  this  jieriod.  HalJ'-toiiti  was  the  "  wliito 
man's  friend,"  and  communirated  to  the  garrisons  in  his  rountry  every  sus- 
picious movement  of  tribes  of  whom  doubts  were  entertained.  It  is  evident 
tliat  hostile  bands,  for  a  long  time,  hovered  about  the  post  at  Ven^'Ugo,  and, 
bat  for  the  vigilance  of  Half-loimi,  and  other  friendly  chiefs,  it  would  have 
been  cut  off.  In  April  this  year,  (17!)1,)  Co/n-plant  and  Half-lown  liad  up- 
wards of  100  warrioi-s  in  and  aliout  tin;  garrison,  and  kejit  runners  out  con- 
tinually, "  being  determined  to  protect  it  at  all  events."  TJieir  sjiies  made 
Irocpient  discoveries  of  war  parties.  On  the  12  August,  1791,  Half-town  and 
,\'cw-arroio  gave  information  at  Fort  Franklin,  that  a  sloop  full  of  Indians 
jiiid  been  seen  on  Lake  Erie,  sailing  for  I'resquc  Isle ;  and  th'^r  object  was? 
supposed  to  be  Fort  Frankliii ;  but  the  conjecture  jiroved  groundless. 

The  Indian  name  of  Half-town  was  Achiout.  We  hear  of  him  at  Fort 
llarnier,  in  1789,  where,  with  2<3  other-s,  he  executed  a  treaty  with  the  United 
fitates.  The  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  latter  were  General  Jlrthnr 
St.  Clair,  Oliver  H'olnU,  Richard  Butler  and  Arthur  Lee.  Among  the  signers 
nil  tiie  part  of  the  Senecas  were  also  Big-tree,  or  Kiandogewa,  Corn-plankr, 
or  Gj/anlwaia,  besides  several  others  whose  names  are  familiar  in  history. 
liilX-'lree  was  often  called  Great-tree,  which,  in  the  language  of  the  Five 
Niitions,  was  JVihorontagowa,*  which  also  was  the  name  of  the  Oneida 
iiiition. t  Big-tree  was  with  General  Washington  during  the  summer  of 
1778,  but  returned  to  the  Indian  nations  in  tlie  autumn.  He  jiroceeded  to 
tlie  Senecas,  and  used  his  eloquence  to  dissuade  them  from  fighting  under 
Bmnt  against  tlie  Americans.  The  Oneidas  were  friendly  at  this  time,  and 
Bi^-tree  was  received  among  them  with  hospitality,  in  his  way,  upon  this 
mission.  Having  staid  longer  than  was  expected  among  the  Senecas,  the 
Oneidas  sent  a  messenger  to  him  to  know  the  reason.  He  returned  answer 
tliat  when  he  arrived  among  iiis  nation,  he  found  them  all  in  -ms,  and  their 
villages,  Kanadaseago  and  Jenncssee,  crowded  with  warriors  from  remote 
tribes;  that  they  at  first  seemed  inclined  to  hearken  to  his  wishes,  but  soon 
learning  by  a  sjiy  that  the  Americans  were  about  to  invade  their  (country,  all 
flew  to  arms,  and  Big-tree  ptit  himself  at  their  head,  "  determined  to  chas.  sc," 
lie  said,  "  the  enemy  that  dared  presume  to  think  of  penetrating  their  counlni" 
But  we  do  not  learn  that  he  was  obliged  to  maintain  that  hostile  attitude, 
iiid  doubtless  returned  soon  ailer. 

CoR.N-PLA.NTER  was  a  warrior  at  Braddock^s  defeat,  but  whether  a  chief  I  do 
not  learn;  wo  will,  however,  according  to  our  design,  give  an  account  of 
that  signal  disaster,  in  this  connection.  The  French  having  'established 
tlieiiiselvcs  upon  the  Ohio,  within  the  territory  claimed  by  the  E  iglish,  and 
built  a  fort  upon  it,  as  low  down  as  the  coiiHuence  of  that  river  with  the  Mo- 
nongahela,  the  latter  were  determined  to  dispossess  thcni.  This  was  under- 
taken by  a  force  of  about  2200  men  under  the  command  of  General  Edward 
Braddock.  With  about  IHOO  of  these  he  proceeded  on  the  expedition,  leaving 
the  rest  to  follow  under  Colonel  Dunbar.  |  Through  nearly  the  whole 
course  of  his  march,  he  was  watched  by  s|ties  irom  Fort  Duquesne,  (the  name 
of  the  French  fort  on  the  Ohio,)  and  the  earliest  intelligence  of  his  move- 
ments was  carried  there  by  Indian  runners  with  the  utmost  desjiatch.  When 
it  was  told  among  the  Indians  that  the  army  was  marching  upon  them  in 
solid  columns,  they  laughed  with  snrjjrise,  and  said,  one  to  another,  "  fieHl 
shoot  ^en  down,  all  one  pigeon  !"§  and  it  will  always  be  acknowledged  that, 
ill  this,  the  Indians  were  not  mistaken. 

The  French,  it  seems,  formed  but  a  small  part  of  the  force  that  defeated 


*  Or  Kiandos^ewa,  Kayentho^rhke,  Sic. 

t  Benson's  Memoir,  before  (he  N.  Y.  Hist.  Soc.  pape  20. 

Arrouiit  of  die  Ohio  Defeat,  p.  4,  4°.   Boston,  1753. 

]Vithers's  Chronicles,  53,  &4. 


Also  Amer.  Magazine. 


•>'.P] 


I  ■  f 


I 

J.- 


mi ' 


113 


COllN-PI.ANTI'.R.— miADDOCK'S   DKFKAT. 


[»<ll)K   V. 


Chap.  VI.]      CORN-P 


Bm(l(lork\f  iiriny  ;  tlic  Indiiin.s  plaiincd  and  ('XO(Mil«!d  tlio  ()|tcr,itioiis  cliicflv 
tlitMiisflvcs,  mid  tlicir  wIkiIi-  Hhcc  is  .■<aid  nitt  to  liavo  cxrtM'd d  |(|()  nicii '  lint 
r_ <i .     ..!•    .1..    I.' 1.     .1 1 :.     : -I    ....  "      "' 


from  the  accoiiiits  of  ilic  Krcnrli  tliniistlvc.^,  it  is  «'\id:iit  ilinc  wci,. 
nboiiMiOO  Indians,  and  not  liir  iVoni  ^50  l''r<Micli,*  wlio  mairiicd  (int  in  meet 
Jirnildork. 

I'laily  in  till!  inoiniiifj  of  tlic  !>  .Inly,  1755,  tlio  English  anny  arrived  nl  a 
r<)rdiiif;-|tlac«!  on  tlir  Monongalicla,  at  the  jnin-tion  oC  liu!  V'onj;liiof;anv,  whicl'i 
it  |ms.s('tl  in  lino  order,  and  pnrsiii'd  its  niarcli  npon  tim  souilurn  niin"iii  of 
till!  rivt'r,  lo  avoiil  tlit!  liif{li  and  rnfrficd  ffronnd  on  the  iiortli,  wliicFi  iIk  y 
wouhl  havi'liad  to  onconntcr  upon  tlio  oilier  side  of  it.  ff'ashinixion  ultinsaiil 
afterwards,  "that  the  most  tieautilid  s|iectacle  wliieli  he  liad  ever  hehrld  \\,is 
the  display  of  tiie  Uritish  troops  on  this  (!ventl'iil  morniiifr."  They  wcn.  i„ 
full  unilbrm,  and  man-lied  in  the  most  jierH-et  order,  and  drciimed  efnolhin'r 
but  an  easy  eoni|Mest,  About  noon  they  arrived  at  their  .seeond  ernssinrp 
})lar«',  which  was  distant  only  10  miles  from  l''ort  l)u<|iiesne.  It  was  h(!re 
that  tiie  Indians  nn<l  I'^HMieli  had  inteiidi-d  to  eommiMiee  their  attack;  luit 
owiiifT  to  some  delay,  they  did  not  arrive!  in  season,  and  thereibre  look  a  posi- 
tion liu'llier  in  advance,  aiitl  awaited  the  a|)proach  of  the  Kn4>lisli. 

The  French  were  command«!d  i)y  iM.  ilv  licaujcu,  who  had  Tor  his  licutrii- 
ant,  M.  Dumas.  The  place  chost!M  lor  the  andaish  was  the  best  possible,  ami 
tlie  Indians  never  showed  ffreater  courage  and  firmiie.ss.  It  is  said  by  tlic 
French,  that  they  were  for  some  timi!  opposed  to  ffoiii;?  out  lo  ['v^\\i  the 
Kiifllish,  but  that  alter  several  solicitations  from  IM.  Bcaujcu,  they  con.>i(  iiteij  ■ 
but  the  Indian  ac<"ount  is  as  wi!  have!  before;  stated. 

Immediately  on  crossin;,'  the  river  the  army  were!  formed  in  three  divisions 
which  was  the  order  of  march.  A  plain,  or  kind  of  prairie,  which  the  aimv 
had  to  cross,  e.Mended  from  the  river  about  half  a  mile,  and  then  its  nmte 
lay  over  an  ascendiiifjf  f^round,  of  very  gentle  ascent,  covered  with  trees  and 
high  prairie  grass.  At  the!  commencement  of  this  elevation  began  a  ravine 
which,  as  it  extended  up  the  rising  gromid,  formed  a  figiu'e  reseinbrmg  neaiiv 
that  of  a  hor.se-shoe,  and  about  150  yards  in  extent.  Into  this  iiiclosiirc  two 
divisions  of  the  army  had  pa.ssed  when  the  attack  began. 

Notwithstunding  U'asliinirton  had  urged  upon  the  general  the  j)ropriety  of 
keeping  out  scouting  parlies  to  avoid  sm'prise,  yet  he  would  take  no  advice, 
and  it  is  said,  that  on  one  occasion,  he  boisterously  replied,  "that  it  was  liiiih 
times  for  a  young  Buckskin  to  teach  a  IJriti.sh  general  bow  to  fight!"  Siicli 
was  his  contempt  for  .'scouting  parties,  that  he  accepted  with  cold  inditlir- 
eiice  the  services  of  ^iiorsre  Croghan,  who  had  offered  himsiilf  with  100 
Indians  for  the  iin|)ortant  business  of  scouring  the  woods.  The  consei|ii(iic(; 
was,  the  Indians,  one  after  another,  lell  the  army  in  its  march,  iiiucli  to  tin; 
regret  of  Jfanliiinxton  and  other  provincial  oflicers,  who  knew  how  to  ap- 
preciate their  value. 

When  the  fh\st  division  of  the  army  had  nearly  ascended  the  hill,  as  the 
rising  ground  was  called,  the  Indians  broke  the  silence  of  the  morning  with 
a  most  ap])alling  yell,  and  at  the  same  moment  poured  a  mo.st  deadly  tire 
from  their  coverts  upon  the  devoted  column.  The  first  .sjiocks  wire  sns- 
tuined  with  (irnmess,  and  the  fire  was  returned,  by  which  a  few  Indians  were 
killed,  and  the  French  commander-in-chiefl  M.  de  licmijeu,  mortally  woniided. 
It  is  sai<i  that  the  Indians  now  began  to  waver,  and  but  for  the  good  conduct 
of  M.  Duman,  second  in  command,  wdidd  have  fled ;  but  by  his  exciitions 
order  was  restored,  and  the  firing,  which  had  not  ceased,  was  redoubled. 

The  advanced  column  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant-Colonel  G«fif,  since 
.so  well  known  as  governor  of  iMassachiiselt.s,  in  1775.  This  coliinin  \Vi\s 
about  100  yards  in  advance  of  the  second,  which  had  just  hegne  to  ascend 
the  hill  when  the  attack  began,  and  the  main  body,  under  the  gencnil  in 
person,  was  but  a  few  rods  in  the  rear  of  this,  and  on  heiu'ing  tlu!  tiring  in: 
press(>(i  forward  to  support  the  engaged  parly. 

Meanwhil(>  the  extensive  line  of  Indians  upon  the  right  flank  made  an 
onset  from  their  s(!ction  of  the  ravine,  and  from  their  superior  nuiiiheis,  the 
shock  could  not  be  withstood,  and  the  column  was  immediately  broken,  uiid 


roiiipanio   s,  as  thiiy 


Sparks's   WaslUri^lon,  ii.  WJU — 76. 


t  Ib.c.l.4C9. 


Chap.  VI.]       CORN-PI-ANT.— JUS  Hl'KKCH  TO   VV.VSIIINOTON. 


113 


began  to  rotrnnt  in  disdrdcr  down  tlio  liill — ronCiision  find  di^niiiy  onsnnd — 
no  (!xorlions  of  tli(!  i>trK'(!rH  conld  pnsvcnt  tlid  |iaiiic  Iniiii  s|ir(i;i(liii!f  iimong 
the  iTf^ular  froo|is,  and  tin-  light  was  ancnvard.scdntiniicd  in  ihi;  utmost  irreg- 
ularity. luiltoldcrMMi  liy  tlic  confusion  of  tlu;  lOnglisli,  tlu!  Indians  now 
nislit'd  n|ion  tlK^ni  with  thoir  tomahawks,  which,  nilcr  near  two  iioiirs,  tcr- 
miiialcd  ihc  hattlf,  and  the  field  wa.s  U-t\  in  tiicir  possession.  Not  oidy  the 
liild  of  hattic,  hilt  ail  tho  killed  and  many  of  the  wonndcd,  all  the  artdlery, 
(eleven  |)icces  of  cannon,)  all  tli(;  gi'ncral's  haggage,  and  even  private  |>.'ipers, 
ami  nil  the  ammnnition  and  iirovisions,  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  victors. 

All  Itnt.  tli(!  Virginians  fought  f()r  some  timt^  in  the  most  wretched  confn- 
bion;  hut  the  ollicers  were  moin*nfully  sacrificed — sometimcH  charging  tlio 
enemy  in  a  hody  hy  themselves,  hoping  hy  their  exani|ili!  to  draw  out  tlieir 
mill  ill  a  manner  to  repel  their  adversaries;  hut  all  to  no  |)nriioH(! :  and  it  is 
not  doiihied  hut  that  the  confused  multitude  of  regulars  killed  many  of  tlii'ir 
rmiipanio  s,  as  tlic^y  oi>en  fired  fifty  or  a  hundred  in  a  huddle  together, 
si'ciiiiiigly  for  no  other  ohject  hut  to  get  rid  of  their  ammunition.  The  Vir- 
fiiiiiiiis  fought  in  the  Indian  manner,  behind  trees  and  coverts ;  and  it  was 
owing  to  their  good  i-ondiict  that  any  of  the  wriitched  army  escaped. 
Alter  having  live  horses  i  hot  uiirhu*  him,  (jfeiieral  Hrnddork  received  a 
;  wound  in  his  lungs,  of  which  he  diijd  on  the  \-\\\\  of  July,  4  days  alter  tli(5 
.;  Iiiittli!,  at  Fort  (^iimherland,  whither  he  had  arrived  with  a  part  of  his  sliat- 
i  incd  army.  fi^<isliin«rl(ni  had  been  siiireriiig,  liir  some  time  before  arriving 
atllieliital  battle-field,  from  a  (iiver;  and  in  a  letter  which  he  wrote  to  his 
:ii()tlior,  dated  July  I81I1,  Ik;  thus  sptviks  of  himself: — "The  Virginia  troops 
fhinved  a  good  deal  of  bravery,  and  w«'re  nearly  all  killed  ;  for  1  believe,  out 
of' three  c()ni|)aiii»!S  that  were  there,  scarccdy  -iO  men  are  left  alive,  (^ap- 
l;iiii  Fejirounif,  and  all  his  oflicrers  down  to  a  corporal,  were  killed.  Caiitaiii 
Poison  had  nearly  as  hard  a  tiite,  for  only  one  of  his  wen;  left.  In  short,  iho 
(iastanlly  behavior  of  those  they  call  regulars  (ixpo.sed  all  others,  that  were 
inclined  to  do  their  duty,  to  almost  certain  death,  and  at  last,  in  despite  of 
all  llio  eflorts  of  the  otH(;ers  to  the  contrary,  they  ran,  as  sheep  pursued  by 
iloL's,  and  it  was  impossible  to  rally  them."  "  Sir  Pdcr  Halkd  was  killed 
in  the  field,  where  died  many  other  brave  ofKccrs.  I  luckily  escaped  with- 
iiiit  a  wound,  though  I  had  4  bullets  through  my  coat,  and  two  horses  shot 
miller  me.  Captains  Ormc,  and  Morris,  two  of  the  aids-d(!-camp,  were  wound- 
ed euily  in  the  engagement,  which  riJiidercid  the  duty  harder  upon  me,  as  I 
ivas  the  only  person  then  left  to  distribute  the  general's  orders,  which  I  was 
Mreily  able  to  do,  as  I  was  not  half  recovered  from  a  viohjiit  illiKJSs,  that 
bl  eoiifined  me  to  my  bed  and  wagon  for  above  10  days." 

We  know  of  no  battle,  in  which  so  great  a  proportion  of  ofTicers  fell. 
There  wen;  8()  engaged  in  it,  and  (i."{  wen;  killed  and  woimdiul,  of  whom  2() 
wire  killed.  IJesidtis  those  already  named,  tliere  were  among  the  wounded 
Cokiiii  I  Burton,  8ir  John  St.  Cliiir,  Colonel  Ormc,  and  Major  Sparks.  Of  the 
]iriv;it«  soldiers  there  were  killed  and  wounded  714,  half  of  whom  were 
killed,  or  fell  into  the;  hands  of  the  Indians,  and  suffered  a  cruel  dcjatli  alter- 
ivnrd.s.  Mr.  John  Field,  then  a  lieutenant,  and  IMr.  Charles  Lewis,  two  dis- 
lin;;iiislieil  oflicei-s  aflerwards,  escajied  the  carnage  of  liraddock\i  field  to 
liill  ill  a  more  fortunate  place.  They  wen;  colonels  under  (iiiiieral  Jlndrcw 
Urns,  and  were  killed  in  the  battle  of  Point  Pleasant,  as  will  be  found  men- 
imied  in  the  life  of  Loa;nn. 

Ill  the  yciar  I7!)0,  liiir-lrep.  Corn-plant  and  Half-town  appeared  at  IMiiladel- 
pliiii,  and,  by  their  interpreter,  communicated  to  Presiclent  Washington  as 
ibllows : — 

^Vnlhcr :  The  voice  of  the  Seneca  nations  s]>eaks  to  you  ;  the  great  coiin- 
wllor,  ill  whose  heart  the  wise  men  of  all  the  </nV<ccn7?rc."»  [I JHJ.  S.]  have 
jiliiced  tlieir  wisdom.  It  may  I>e  very  small  in  your  eai-s,  and  we,  therefore, 
entroiit  you  to  hearken  with  attention ;  f()r  we  are  able  to  speak  of  thing.s 
wliii'ii  are  to  us  very  great. 

"When  your  army  entered  the  country  of  the  Six  Nations,  we  called  you 
iv  town  di'slroifer ;  to  this  day,  when  your  naiiK!  is  heard,  our  women  look 
lieliind  them  and  turn  pale,  and  our  cliildren  cling  close  to  the  necks  of  tlieir 
laothers." 

10  » 


■:-.' 

m 

■  *    > 


^;-. 


••<l,»  .- 


114 


CORN-ri,ANT.— HIS  SI'liKClI  TO   WASMINCiTOIV. 


[liooK   V. 


"  Wlitin  our  chiofrt  rfiturnnd  from  Fort  Stiiiiwix,  luiil  laid  lioforn  our  coun- 
cil what  had  bocii  done  there,  our  ualioii  was  surprised  to  lu-ar  how  L're.it 
country  jou  liad  (M)in|>elled  thcui  to  ffive  up  to  \oii,  without  your  paviu'r  to 
US  any  tiiirif^  for  it.  Kv»'ry  ono  said,  tiiat  your  hearts  were  y("t  swelli'd  \vii|, 
resentMH'Mt  UKimist  us  for  what  had  iiappened  thuinj,'  tht;  war,  hut  that  nno 
day  you  would  consider  it  with  more  kindiu-ss.  We  asked  each  otiier,  /r/,,,/ 
have  tvc  (lone  to  tfescrve  such  severe  chastiseineiil  J 

"  Father:  when  you  kintile<i  your  Hi  fires  separati'ly,  tlm  wise;  men  iK-scm- 
bled  at  them  told  us  that  you  were  all  brothers ;  the"  children  (»f  one  jUina 
father,  who  re}i;arded  the  red  people  as  liis  children.  They  called  ns 
brotiie:s,  and  invited  us  to  his  |)rolection.  Tliey  told  us  that  he.  rcsid,.,! 
beyond  the  frreut  water  where  the  sun  iirst  rises;  and  that  he  was  a  kjn.p 
whose  |)ower  no  iteople  could  resist,  and  tiuit  his  goojlness  was  as  iiriirJit  ns 
the  sun.  What  tliey  said  went  to  om*  hearts.  W«!  accepted  tiie  iuviCni,,,, 
and  promised  to  obey  him.  What  the  Seiuica  nation  promises,  they  liiith- 
fully  perform.  When  you  refused  obedience  to  that  kinjf,  he  ctuuniaiidtil 
us  to  assist  his  behrvcd  men  in  niakiuff  you  sober.  In  obeyinjr  him,  we  did 
no  more  than  yourselves  hud  hid  us  to  promise."  "  Wt!  were  deceived;  Imt 
your  people  teachinj;  us  to  confide  in  that  kin^^,  luui  lielped  to  deceivi;  ns- 
and  we  now  a|»peal  to  your  breast.     In  all  the  blame  ours/ 

*' Father:  when  we  saw  that  we  had  been  deceived,  and  heard  tlie  invita- 
tion which  you  gav»'  us  to  draw  near  to  the  fire  you  had  kindled,  and  talk 
with  you  concerniu}?  peace,  we  made  haste  towards  it.  You  told  us  viiu 
could  crush  us  to  nothing;  and  you  detnanded  from  us  a  ^reat  coniitrv  as 
the  price  of  that  pi'ace  which  you  had  offered  to  us :  as  if  our  wtnil  of 
stretifflh  had  destror/ed  our  rights.  Our  chiefs  had  felt  your  power,  and  wcin 
unable  to  contend  against  you,  and  they  therefore  jrave  u|)  that  conntrv. 
What  they  agreed  to  lui.^  bound  our  nation,  but  your  anger  against  us  must 
by  this  timt!  be  cooled,  and  although  our  strength  is  not  increased,  nor  vonr 
power  become  less,  we  ask  you  to  consider  calmly — Here  the  terms  didutcd 
to  us  In/  your  commissioners  reasonable  and  just "/  " 

They  also  remind  the  president  of  the  soh>mn  ])romise  of  the  coniniission- 
ers,  that  they  shoidd  be  secured  in  the  peaceable  possession  oi"  what  wiis 
left  to  them,  and  then  ask,  "Does  this  promise  bind  you/"  And  tiiai  no 
sooner  was  the  treaty  of  Tort  Stanwix  coiu'hnled,  than  comniissioiierH  Inun 
IVniisylvaniu  came  to  purchase  of  thcfu  what  was  included  within  tL;  lines 
of  their  state.  These  they  iidormed  that  they  did  m)t  wish  to  sell,  hut  hi  ing 
further  urged,  consented  to  sell  a  part.  IJut  the  conunissioueissaid  that  "Mcy 
must  have  the  whole ;"  for  it  was  already  ceded  to  therm  by  the  king  of  ling- 
land,  at  the  peace  following  tlu!  revolution;  but  still,  as  their  aiM'est<iis  luul 
always  paid  the  Indians  for  luiul,  they  were  willing  to  pay  thiin  for  it.  Htjng 
not  able  to  conteiul,  the;  land  wjis  sold.  Soon  after  this,  they  eiupowcrcd  a 
jierson  to  let  out  part  of  tiieir  land,  who  said  congress  \im'  sent  him  tiinlio 
purpose,  but  who,  it  seems,  frauduleiuly  procured  a  deed  instead  of  a  pnivcr 
to  lease;  for  tiiere  soon  came  another  person  claiming  all  tl  ;(>ir  coiuitiy  nnitli- 
ward  of  the  line  of  Pennsylvania,  saying  that  he  purchas( d  it  of  the  otlici-, 
and  for  which  he  had  paid  120,000  dollars  to  him  ami  20,000  more  to  tlio 
United  States.  He  now  demanded  the  land,  and,  on  being  refused,  thiiatcn- 
cd  immediate  war.  Ktiowing  their  weak  situation,  they  held  a  council,  and 
took  the  advice  of  a  white  man,  whom  they  took  to  be  their  friend,  hut  who, 
as  it  proved,  had  plotted  with  the  other,  and  was  to  receive  some  ot'tiio 
lanti  for  bis  agency.  He,  therefore,  told  them  they  must  comply.  "  Astonish- 
ed at  what  we  heard  from  every  quarter,"  they  say,  "  with  hearts  aching  \vitii 
compassion  for  our  women  and  children,  we  were  thus  compelled  to  give  nj) 
all  our  country  north  of  the  line  of  I'eimsylvauia,  and  east  of  the  (Jcncsee 
River,  up  to  the  great  ;orks,  and  east  of  a  south  line  drawn  iij)  liom  tiiat 
fork  to  the  line  of  Peuiisylvaiua."  For  this  he  agreed  to  give  them  10,000 
dollars  down,  and  1000  dollars  u  year  forever.  Instead  of  that,  he  paid  tlicni 
2500  dollars,  and  some  time  after  offered  500  dollars  more,  insisting  that 
tliat  was  all  he  owed  them,  which  he  allowed  to  be  yearly.    They  a<id, 

"Father:  you  have  said  that  we  wore  in  your  hand,  and  that  hy  closing  it 
you  could  crush  us  to  notliiiig.    Are  you  duteriniued  to  crush  us  ?  If  you 


¥ 


evasion  in  answerinjr  s( 


Chap.  VI.] 


CORN-PL.\NT.— DKATII  OF  lUG-TREn. 


115 


arc,  tell  IIS  ho;  tlmt  tlioso  of  our  nation  who  liavc!  Ih-couk'  your  cliildrcn,  and 
liiivc  (l<'t«jrminL'(l  to  di);  ho,  may  know  what  to  do.  In  thin  case,  one  chief 
liiis  said,  lif  would  ank  you  to  |)ut  him  out  of  liin  pain.  Another,  who  will 
not  think  of  dyin^  liy  tlii;  hand  of  liiH  lather,  or  his  hrollu;!',  has  said  Ik;  will 
retire  to  the  Chatuiigli(jut;,  eut  of  the  liital  root,  and  nleej*  with  his  fatliers  iu 
licace." 

"  Ail  the  land  we  have  heeii  Hpeakiiif,'  of  heioiifred  to  the  Six  NntioiiH.  No  part 
of  it  ever  ludoiiffed  to  the  king  of  liiifrlaiid,  and  he  could  not  giv(!  it  to  you." 

"  Hear  iiH  once  more.  At  Kort  Slaiiwix  W((  agrj'cd  to  deliver  up  thone  of 
nur  jH'opIe  who  should  do  you  any  wrong,  and  that  you  might  try  them  and 
|iiinish  them  according  to  your  law.  VVi!  delivered  u|)  two  men  accordingly. 
|}iil  instead  of  trying  them  according  to  your  law,  th(!  lowest  of  your  peopio 
Idok  them  from  your  iimgistratc,  and  put  them  immediately  to  death.  It  is 
|iist  to  puiiiHh  tlni  murder  with  death  ;  hut  the  feeneciiH  will  not  deliver  up 
ilicir  people  to  ineu  who  disrcganl  the  treaties  of  their  own  nation." 

Then!  were  many  other  grievances  enumerated,  and  all  in  a  strain  which, 
we  should  think,  would  have  drawn  forth  immediate  reliiif.  In  his  answer, 
iVcsident  jyiushingtnn  said  all,  perhaps,  whi(di  could  he  said  in  his  situation; 
mill  iiis  good  feedings  are  manifcHt  throughoMi:  still  there  is  something  like 
cviision  in  answering  some  of  their  griiivauces,  and  an  omission  of  notice  to 
iitlicrs.  His  answer,  nevertludess,  gave  them  much  encouragement.  Ho 
Insured  them  that  the  lands  obtained  from  tluMii  by  fraud  was  not  sanctioned 
liv  tilt;  govermiKMit,  and  that  the  whole  transaction  was  declared  mill  and 
viiid;  and  that  the  jicrsons  wh  >  murdered  tluMr  peo[de  should  be  d(;alt  with 
as  tliungh  they  had  inurdenMl  white  in(;n,  and  that  all  possibh;  means  would 
In'  iiseil  lor  their  apprehension,  and  rewards  should  continue  to  be  offered  to 
ctll'ct  it.  Jiut  we  have  not  learned  that  they  were  ever  apprehendud.  TIhj  land 
ciiii\eyerl  by  treaty,  tin;  presiileiit  inibrmed  them,  ho  liud  iio  authority  to  con- 
cini  with,  as  that  act  was  biifon;  his  administration. 

The  above  speech,  ulthoiigh  a|)|»earing  to  be  a  joint  production,  is  believed 
to  have  been  dictated  by  Corn-planter.  It,  howevcir,  was  no  doubt  the  si^nti- 
im'uts  of  the  whole  nation,  as  well  as  thosi;  of  himsidf.  Half-town  and  Hif;;- 
ircc.  Of  this  last-named  chief  we  will  here  speak  as  follows: — In  17!M,  an  act 
jiiisscd  the  legiHlatiirc  of  Pennsylvania,  "to  empower  the  gov(!riior  to  grant  a 
|iiii(iit  to  liifr-tree,  a  Seneca  chief,  for  a  certain  island  in  the  Alleghany 
River."  lie  lamentxul  the  disaster  of  St.  Clnir^s  army,  and  was  heard  to  suy 
aitrrwards,  that  he  wonld  hnvc  two  scalps  for  General  Butler's,  who  fell  and  was 
siiilpcd  ill  that  tight.  John  Deckard,  aiioth(!r  Seneca  chief,  reptjated  the  same 
wiinls.  liriiig  on  a  mission  to  Philadelphia,  in  April,  17!>'2,  he  was  taken 
sick  lit  his  lodgings,  and  died  after  about  '20  hours'  illness.  Three  ».ays  after, 
111  iiig  Sunday,  the  22d,  he  was  buried  with  all  riMpiisiK;  attention.  The  river 
liis:-trev  was  probably  named  from  the  circun  stance  of  this  chief  having 
lived  upon  it.  His  name  still  exists  among  some  of  his  descendants,  or 
iitlii MS  of  his  tribe,  as  we  have  seen  i'  subscribed  to  several  instruments 
uitliiii  a  few  years.     To  return  to  Corn-planter. 

His  Indian  name,  as  we  have  before  noted,  was  Gj/antwaia ;  an!  most  of 
uiir  knowledge  concerning  him  is  derived  li"om  himself,  and  is  contained  in 
li letter  sent  from  him  to  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania;  and,  although  writ- 
ii'ii  by  an  interfireter,  is  believed  to  be  tlje  real  production  of  Corn-planter. 
It  was  dated  "Alleghany  River,  2d  mo,  2d,  1822,"  and  is  as  follows : — 

"Ifecl  it  my  duty  to  send  a  speech  to  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania  at 
iliis  time,  and  inform  him  the  place  where  I  was  from — which  was  at  Cone- 
uiiiii;iis,*  on  the  Genesee  River. 

"When  I  was  a  child,  I  played  with  the  butterfly,  the  gi-asshopper  and  the 
fin;rs;  and  as  I  grew  up,  1  began  to  pay  some  attention  and  play  with  the 
liiiiiaii  boys  in  the  neighborhood,  and  they  took  notice  of  my  skin  being  a 
(lilU'ieiit  color  from  theirs,  and  spoke  ahout  it.  I  inquired  of  my  mother  the 
cimse,  and  she  told  ine  that  my  father  was  a  residenter  in  Albany.f     I  still 


*  Th  s  was  tiie  Iroquois  lorm  to  dcsieriiatc  a  place  of  Christian  Indians  j  hence  many 
places  l)car  ii.     Ii  is  llic  same  as  Caugitncwaga. 
t  It  IS  said  (Aracr.  Rug,  ii.  2:28)  that  he  was  an  Irishman. 


(' 


rl 


Hi , 


-•»i'/ii; 


miM 


116  CORN-PLANT.— COMl'LAINT  TO  PENNSYLVANIA.        [Rook  V. 

oat  my  victuals  out  of  a  hark  disli.  I  grew  up  to  ho  a  younj^  mnn,  and  mur- 
ricil  me  a  wile,  taul  I  Jiad  no  kettle  or  f;iiii.  I  then  knew  wiiere  my  liithtT 
lived,  and  went  to  see  him,  and  Ibnnd  he  was  a  white  man,  aiul  spoke  iho 
Enjrlish  lafguajre.  lie  gave  me  victuals  whilst  I  was  at  liis  iiouse,  hnt  wlicn 
I  started  to  return  home,  lie  gav(!  me  no  provision  to  eat  on  tins  way.  |[,; 
gave  me  neither  kettle  nor  gun,  neither  did  lie  tell  me  that  the  United  ytutes 
were  ahout  to  rebel  against  tiie  government  of  England. 

"i  will  now  tell  you,  brotheis,  who  are  in  session  of  the  legislature  of 
Pennsylvania,  that  the  Great  S|)irit  has  made  known  to  me  that  I  have  liccn 
wicked;  and  the  cause  thereof  was  the  nwolutionary  war  in  America.  'V\u> 
cause  of  Indians  having  been  led  into  sin,  at  that  time,  was  that  many  of 
them  were  in  the  practice  of  drinking  and  getting  intoxicated,  (iicut 
Britain  requested  us  to  join  with  them  in  the  conHict  against  the  Americans 
and  promised  the  Indians  land  and  iicpior.  I  myself  was  opposed  to  joiiiinc' 
in  the  conflict,  as  I  had  notiiing  to  do  with  the  difficulty  that  existed  bltutjca 
t!ie  two  parties.  I  have  now  informed  you  how  it  happened  that  the  Indians 
took  a  part  in  the  revolution,  and  will  relate  to  you  some  circumstances  tliat 
occurred  after  the  close  of  the  war.  General  Putnam,  who  was  then  at 
I'lii!adel|)hia,  told  me  there  was  to  be  a  council  at  Fort  Stanwix;  and  tlio 
Indians  requested  me  to  attend  on  behalf  of  the  Six  Nations;  which  I  iljd 
and  there  met  with  three  commissioners,  who  had  been  ap|)ointed  to  iiold  tlie 
council.  They  told  me  tliey  woidd  inform  me  of  ilie  cause  of  the  r  voln- 
tion,  which  I  requested  them  to  do  minutely.  They  then  said  that  it  IkkI 
originated  on  account  of  the  heavy  taxes  that  had  been  imjiosed  upon  ilieni 
by  the  British  goverimient,  which  had  been  for  fifty  years  increasing  upon 
them ;  that  the  Americans  had  grown  weary  thereof,  and  refused  to  pay, 
which  affronted  the  king.  There  had  likewise  a  rlifficulty  taken  jilace  alwut 
some  tea,  which  they  wished  ine  not  to  use,  as  it  had  been  one  of  the  causos 
that  many  people  had  lost  their  lives.  And  the  British  government  now 
being  affronted,  the  war  commenced,  and  the  cannons  began  to  roar  in  onr 
country.  General  Putnam  then  told  me,  at  the  council  at  Fort  Stanwix, 
tliat,  by  the  late  war,  the  Americans  had  gained  two  objects:  they  liud 
established  themselves  an  independent  nation,  and  had  obtained  some  land 
to  live  upon:  the  division  line  of  which,  from  Great  Britain,  run  tliroii<,'h 
the  lakes.  I  then  spoke,  and  said  that  I  wanted  some  land  for  the  Indians  to 
live  on,  and  General  Putnam  said  that  it  should  be  granted,  and  I  shoidd  liuve 
land  in  the  state  of  New  York  for  the  Indians.  General  Putnam  then  en- 
couraged me  to  use  my  endeavors  to  pacify  the  Indians  generally;  and,  as 
he  considered  it  an  arduous  task  to  perform,  wished  to  know  what  I  wanted 
for  pay  therefor.  I  replied  to  him,  tiiat  I  would  use  my  endeavors  to  do  us 
lie  had  requested,  with  the  Indians,  and  for  pay  thereof,  I  would  take  land. 
I  told  him  not  to  pay  me  money  or  dry  goods,  but  land.  And  for  hiiving 
attended  thereto,  I  received  the  tract  of  land  on  which  I  now  live,  which  was 
presented  to  me  by  Governor  Miflin.  I  told  General  Putnam  that  I  wisiicd 
the  Indians  to  have  the  exclusive  privilege  of  the  deer  and  wild  game,  wliich 
he  assented  to.  I  al.so  wished  the  Indians  to  have  the  privilege  of  hnnting 
in  the  woods,  and  making  fires,  which  he  likewise  assented  to. 

"  The  treaty  that  was  made  at  the  aforementioned  council,  has  been  broken 
by  some  of  the  white  people,  whicli  I  now  intend  acquainting  the  governor 
with.  Some  white  people  are  not  willing  that  Indians  should  hunt  any  more, 
whilst  others  are  satisfied  therewith  ;  an<l  those  white  people  who  reside 
near  our  reservation,  tell  us  that  the  woods  are  theirs,  and  they  Imve 
obtained  tiiem  from  the  governor.  The  treaty  has  been  also  broken 
by  the  white  jjeople  using  their  endeavors  to  destroy  all  the  wolves,  whieh 
was  not  spoken  about  in  the  council  at  Fort  Stanwix,  by  Grcneral  Pitinam, 
but  has  originated  lately. 

"It  has  been  broken  again,  vvhicli  is  of  recent  origin.  White  peojile  wish 
to  get  credit  from  Indiatis,  and  do  not  pay  them  honestly,  according  to  their 
agreement.  In  another  resjiect,  it  has  also  been  broken  by  white  jteople, 
who  reside  near  my  dwelling ;  for  when  I  plant  melons  and  vines  in  my 
field,  they  take  them  as  their  own.  It  has  been  broken  again  by  wiiite 
people  using  their  endeavors  to  obtain  our  pine-trees  from  us.    We  have 


Chap.  VL] 

very  f<;w  pine-trees  oi 

and  Indians  often  get 

'  (|iiaiitity  of  whiskv  I 

^  Imliaiis  obtain   it  iun 

place  which  is  very  ti 

i    "The  white  people 

'  to  pay_  taxes  fiir  my 

iijion  for  that  purpose 

,  liiraiiie  irritated,  ealle 

nitii  them  and  .siiiized 

I"  li't  the  cattle  go.     A 

•tood  the  militia  was 

wont  tf»  Warren,  and, 

my  note  for  the  tax,  th 

my  ilesire  that  the  gov( 

10  white  peo|)le;  and  i 

niiiy  he  refimded  to  n 

ivlio  attends  to  the  situ 

in  Alleghany,  that  I  jim 

lie  be  authorized  to  in 

lliemselves  towards  the 

"The  government  ha 

lodians  and  wliite  peop 

sre  now  in  a  trying  s 

aiitliorized  to  attend  tl 

lliat  irrass  has  grown  bi| 

"The  governor  forme 

lake  care  of  them.     W 

diaiis  cannot  exist,  unle; 

fend  a  person  authoriz 

approaching  summer.    : 

Whether  the  governr 

oriier  they  took,  ujion  th 

lliaf  an  independent  tri 

poi'le,   is  absurd  in  th 

only  the  tax  was  remitt 

I  Jainage. 

Corn-plant  was  veiy 

I  nitlistaiiding  lie  confirn 

m,  at  the  treaty  of  F( 

'""try,  and  for   which 

'iivatened  his  life.     Hin 

frciisons.    The  Six  N a 

on,  when  the  king's  jiov 

1 10  the  miserable  alternat 

'nericans  required,  or 
I  %-/ree,  made  a  most  p; 
[far  condition,  and  a  re 
"iiig  memorable  passa' 
"Father:  we  will  note 
I  las  preserved  the  Corn-pl 
iskeontiimally,  "Wiiere 
tei  after  them,  are  to  li( 
imni  Peimsylvania  to  Lak 
fc  line  nmning  from  Bef 
ntst,  and  we  see  that  it  is 
I  We  It  away  by  oi-der  of  i 
'.»"«•'    He   is  silent,  for 
Jo^vn,  he  opens  his  hear 
M^amupon  tho  hills  he 


m'^^ 


Chap.  VI.l 


CORN-PLANT. 


117 


very  fow  pine-trees  on  our  land,  in  the  state  of  New  York  ;  and  nliite  pcojilo 
aiidliKliiiiirt  oih'ii  jjet  into  (lis|Mifo  n's|H'ctin<,'  tlicin.  'J'licn!  is  also  a  f;reat 
quantity  of  wiiisk y  liron^ilit  near  onr  rcsiMvation  liy  wiiile  jieoplc,  and  the 
Indiana  obtain  it  and  IxM-onio  drunken.  Another  circiunstance  lias  taken 
place  whieh  is  very  tryinj?  to  uu-,  and  I  wish  the  intcrlcu'cnee  of  tlie  ;,'()vernor. 
"Tlie  white  people,  who  !/e  at  Warren,  ealled  tipon  uie,  some  lime  ago, 
taxes  lor  my  land;  whieh  1  ohjeeted  to,  as  1  had  never  been  ealh'd 


W  to  pay 


ni8  to 
have 

■n  cn- 
aiid,  us 

iuiited 
do  as 
land, 
ijiving 

;li  was 

wislifd 
wliicli 

Hinting 

iioken 
ovenior 
y  more, 
rt'side 
,'  have 
broken 
,  wliirli 
Pi(/imm, 


lie  w\s\\ 
to  their 
people, 
•  ill  my 
white 
have 


y 


ii|i(iii  for  that  |)urpose  beibre ;  and  havinjf  reliiscd  to  jjay,  the  white!  people 
luManie  irritated,  called  upon  me  frecpiently,  and  at  leiif^th  broiijijht  four  {juns 
ivilli  them  and  seized  our  eattle.     I  still  refused  to  |)ay,  and  was  not  wiHinjf 
1,1  lit  the  eattle  <,'o.     Afb;r  a  time  of  dispute,  they  returned  home,  and  I  uiider- 
•loml  the  militia  was  ordered  out  to  enlbree  the  collection  of  the  tax.     1 
ivciit  to  Warren,  and,  to  avert  the  impending  ditliciilty,  was  obliged  to  give 
iiiv  note  for  the  tax,  tin;  amount  of  wlii(;h  was  4;{  dollars  and  79  cents.     It  is 
my  desire  that  the  governor  will  exem)»t  me  from  paying  taxes  for  my  land 
;o  white  |)eople ;  and  also  cause  that  the  money  1  am  now  obliged  to    pay, 
uiiiy  he  refnnd«!(l  to  me,  as  1  am   very  jwtor.     The  governor  is  the  person 
ulio  attends  to  the  situation  of  the  people,  and  1  wish  liini  to  send  a  person 
11  Alleghany,  that  I  may  inform  him  of  the  particulars  of  our  situation,  and 
lie  he  authorized  to  instrnet  the  wiiite  people  in  what  mamier  to  conduct 
lliciiiselves  towards  the  Indians. 
"The  government  has  told  us  that  when  any  difficulties  arose  between  the 
Indians  and  white  people,  tlajy  would  attend  to  having  them  removed.     Wo 
ire  now  in  a  trying  situation,  and  I  wish  the  governor  to  send  a  person 
aiitliorized  to  attend  thereto,  the  fore[)art  of  next  sunnner,  about  the  time 
iliiit  irrass  has  grown  big  enough  for  ])astiire. 
■the  governor  formerly  recjuested  me  to  pay  attention  to  the  Indians,  and 
lake  cure  of  them.     We  are  now  lu-rived  at  a  situation  that  I  believe  In- 
Jians  cannot  exist,  unless  the  governor  should  comply  with  my  request,  and 
ifiid  a  person  authorized  to  treat  between   us  and  the  white  people,  the 
apiiioaching  summer.     I  have  now  no  more  to  speak."* 
Whether  the  government  of  Pennsylvania  acted  at  all,  or,  if  at  all,  what 
order  they  took,  uj)on  this  pathetic  ajipeal,  onr  author  does  not  state.     But 
lliat  an  independent  tribe  of  Indians  should  be  taxtd    by   a  neigiiboring 
jMii'le,   is  absurd  in  the  extreme;  and  we  hope  we  shall   learn   that  not 
wily  the  tax  was  remitted,  but  a  remuneration  granted  for  the  vexation  and 
Jamage. 
Corn-plant  was  very  early  distinguished  for  his  wisdotn  in  comicil,  not- 
ivithstaiiding  he  confirmed  the  treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix  of  1784 ;  five  years 
iller,  at  the  treaty  of  Fort  Harmer,  lie  gave  up  an  innnense   tract  of  their 
fouiitry,  and  for  wliich  his  nation  very  much  re|)roaciied  him,  and  even 
tlireateiied  his  life.     Himself  and  other  chiefs  committed  this  act  for  the  best 
of  reasons.    The  Six  Nations  having  taken  part  with  England  in  the  revolu- 
lion,  when  the  king's  power  fell  in  America,  the  Indian  nations  were  reduced 
10  tlie  miserable  alternative  of  giving  up  so  much  of  their  country  as  tlie 
Americans  required,  or  the  ivJiole  of  it.    In  17i)0,  Corn-plant,  Half-town  and 
Si^-tree,  made  a  most  pathetic  appeal  to  congress   for  an  amelioration  of 
ik'ii'  condition,  and  a  reconsideration  of  former  treaties,  in  which  the  fol- 
lowing memorable  passage  occurs  : — 

•^Father:  we  will  not  conceal  from  you  that  the  great  God,  and  not  men, 
lias  preserved  the  Corn-plant  iVom  tlu;  hands  of  his  own  nation.  For  they 
isk  poiitinually,  "  Where  is  the  land  on  which  our  chihlren,  and  their  chil- 
ilrpii  after  them,  are  to  lie  down  upon  ?  You  told  us  that  the  line  drawn 
from  Pennsylvania  to  Lake  Ontario,  would  mark  it  forever  on  the  east,  and 
tlic  line  running  from  Beaver  Creek  to  Pennsylvania,  would  mark  it  on  the 
west,  and  we  see  that  it  is  not  so;  for. first  one,  and  then  another,  come  and 
lake  it  away  by  order  of  that  peojde  which  you  tell  us  i>romised  to  secure  it 
lo  us.'  He  is  silent,  ibr  he  has  nothing  to  answ(>r.  When  the  sun  goes 
down,  he  optuis  his  heart  before  God,  and  earlier  than  the  sun  appears, 
s?ain  iijion  tli3  hills  he  gives  thanks   for  his  inotection  during  the  night 


*  Jiucliatum's  Sketches. 


?•■',;?■;  fi 


%■ 


i.' 


118 


CORN-PLANT. 


[Rook  V. 


Chap.  VI.] 


con 


For  ]io  frols  tlmt  iiinonw  men  Ikm-oiik;  (Icsporato  by  tho  injiirirH  tlipy  mistain 
it  is  (Jod  only  tliiit  ciin  prt'scrvc!  Iiini.  lit!  lovcw  ptacc,  and  all  lie  ||j,(|  in 
storo  ho  lias  f^ivcn  to  tlio.sf  who  havo  Itccn  rohlHul  hy  yonr  pcdnli.  |,. .( 
they  should  phindLT  tho  innocent  to  repay  thonisclvcs.  Tin;  whole  s.'aMiii 
whirh  others  have  oniployod  in  provi<ling  for  their  laniilies,  Ik;  has  spmt  in 
endeavors  to  preserve  |)eaee ;  and  this  moment  his  witb  and  ehildren  are 
lyiiif^  on  tlie  ffroinid,  and  in  want  of  food." 

In  IVesideiit  lynshiui^toti's  in'swor,  we  are  <.'ratified  Ity  his  particular  notice 
of  tills  chief.  He  says,  "Tlu!  merits  of  tiie  C'oni-^;/«/i/,  anti  his  liiciKisJiii) 
for  tiie  United  States,  are  well  known  to  me,  and  shall  not  he  forjrottin;  and 
as  a  mark  of  esteem  of  the  United  States,  I  have  directed  the  secreturv  of 
war  to  make  liini  a  |)resent  of  two  hiindnd  and  Jijhj  doUurs,  either  in  laniicv 
or  floods,  us  tlu!  Corn-plant  shall  like  best." 

'J'hcre  was,  in  178)1,  a  treaty  held  nt  Marietta,  between  the  Inchinis  and 
Americans,  which  terminated  "to  the  entire  satisfacti(ni  of  all  cunceiii! d 
On  this  occasion,  an  eh'gant  entertainment  was  provided.  'I'he  liuli;iii 
chiefs  [)ehaved  with  the  fjreatest  deconnu  thronghont  the  dav.  After  (liiim  r 
we  were  served  with  jrood  wine,  and  Corn-planitr,  one  of  tiie  first  chi(  t's  t<i' 
the  Five  Nations,  and  a  very  great  Avarrior,  took  np  liis  »iass  and  said  '•/ 
tluink  the  Great  Spirit  for  this  opportunity  of  smoking  the  pipe  of  friendship  and 
love.  Ma}i  we  plant  our  own  vines — be  the  fathers  of  our  own  children— and 
maintain  them.''    * 

In  17t*0,  an  act  passed  the  legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  for  "  frrantin<r  ftQO 
dollars  to  Corn-planter,  Half-toum  and  Big-tree,  in  trust  lor  the  Seneca  nntion 
and  other  pm'f)oses  therein  mentioned."  In  February,  1791,  Corn-planl  wna 
hi  Philadelphia,  and  was  employed  in  an  extremely  hazardous  expedition  to 
undertake  the  pacification  of  the  western  tribes,  that  had  already  siiown 
themselves  hostile.  The  mission  terminated  unfavorably,  from  insininoniit- 
able  difHculties.t  There  were  many,  jit  this  titne,  us  in  all  Indian  wars,  who 
entertained  doubts  of  the  fidelity  of  such  Indians  as  pretended  liiendsliii). 
Corn-plant  did  not  escape  suspicion  ;  but,  as  his  after-conduct  showed,  it 
was  entirely  without  foundation.  In  the  midst  of  these  imputations,  a  letter 
written  at  Fort  Franklin  says,  "I  have  only  to  observe  that  the  Corn-plaiil 
has  been  here,  and,  in  my  opinion,  he  is  as  friendly  as  one  of  our  o>vii 
people.  He  has  advised  me  to  take  care  ;  'To?-,'  said  he,  ^you  mil  soon  have  a 
chance  to  let  the  world  know  whether  you  are  a  soldier  or  not.''  When  he  wt  iit 
off,  he  ordered  two  chiefs  and  ten  warriors  to  remain  liere,  and  scout  nhdiit 
the  garrison,  and  let  me  know  if  the  bad  Indians  should  either  advamu 
against  me,  or  any  of  the  frontiers  of  the  United  States.  He  thinks  tlio 
people  at  Pittsburgh  should  keep  out  spies  towards  the  salt  licks,  iiir  lie 
says,  by  and  by,  he  thinks,  the  bud  Indians  v/ill  come  from  that  way." 

In  17i)2,  the  following  advertisement  appeared,  signed  by  Corn-plant:  "My 
peo|de  having  been  charged  with  committing  depredations  on  the  fnuiiiiT 
inhabitants  near  Pittsburgh,  I  hereby  contradict  the  assertion,  us  it  is  cer- 
tainly witholit  foundation,  raid  pledge  myself  to  those  inhabitants,  tluit  tlicy 
may  rest  jierfectly  secure  from  any  danger  from  the  Senccas  n  sidiiip  on  the 
Alleghany  waters,  and  that  my  people  have  been  and  still  are  fVieiidlv  to  the 
U.  States." 

About  the  time  Corn-plant  lefl  liis  nation  to  proceed  on  his  mission  to  the 
hostile  tribes,  as  three  of  his  peojile  were  travelling  through  a  settli'iiinit 
upon  the  Genesee,  they  stopped  at  a  house  to  light  their  pipes.  There  iiap- 
pened  to  be  several  men  within,  one  of  whom,  as  the  foremost  Indian  stoop- 
ed down  to  light  his  jiipe,  killed  him  with  an  axe.  One  of  the  oiliers  wiis 
badly  wounded  with  the  same  weapon,  while  escajiing  from  the  jioiisc 
They  were  not  jiursued,  and  the  other,  a  boy,  escajied  unhurt.  (The  poor 
wounded  man,  when  nearly  well  of  the  wound,  was  bitten  by  a  snake,  which 
caused  his  immediate  death.)  When  Corn-plant  knew  what  hud  hii|)|ienr(l, 
he  charged  his  warriors  to  remain  qui<'t,  and  not  to  seek  revenge,  anil  was 

*  Carey's  Museum,  v.  415. 

t  "  Causes  of  tlie  exisiiiii'  Ilosiilities,"'  &c.  drawn  up  by  llie  sec'y  of  war,  General  Knox, 
in  1791. 


heard  oidy  to  say,  *' j 

for  the  whites,  that  we 

ami  warriors  helter  tim 

jhoiild  practise  u|ion 

Do  i/e  to  others  as  ye  i 

iiiinian  form,  in  a'gos 

ills  actions,  his  utter  ( 

"    111  It^KI,  the  Revert 

I  ill  Meadville,  Pennsy 

hImU   liv(!d  seven  mi 

lll.giiany,  upon  tho 

tiiiil,  a  little   within 

iv:,icli  exhibited   sign 

acres  of  land,  (iOO  of 

cotice,"  ohs(;rves  Mr. 

fniiii  the  numerous  ei: 

aiiiniiher  of  oxen,  cov 

!iii!l  and  the  Pittsburg 

ciucli  in  favor  of  the  C 

It.    Wlien  iie  was  ap| 

lOiiK!  iiim  to  his  vilhigi 

||    Mioii  as  a  chief;  Jiavii 

•ill  the  ancient  patriai 

»;  took  care  of  their 

for  them. 

The  Western   Missic 
ai|iiest,"  established  a 

fUCCC'SS. 

Corn-plant  received  j 
bides  his  proportion  o 

nation. 

Oos-kuk-ke-wa-na-kon 
'■>  Corn-plant,  and  resii 
iir.vioiis  lo  181().f     Co 
iiuoiiliglitened  peojile,  v 
spirit  liad  told  Jiim  not 
preserve  any  mementoei 
"liereiipon,  among  othe 
^'Vdiil.    He   often  mem 
likule,  liis  son,  he  sent 
ffiinkard   on   returning 
i'mi-jjlnnt  lius  other  so"n 
aiimiig  tlie  whites,  for  in 
fouiitenances  Christiunit 
II.  Jilt  probably  from  the 
file  following  story,  J 
ave  oihni  heard  ji  simih 
ifcit  it  originated  with   // 
"p  liave  more  respect  fl 
l''i'P".sed  to  the  Indians 
™li  tlie  liide  of  a  bulk 
"Diilil  be  covered  by  it, 
«a^*  offered  as  a  good  iir'i 
™  the  skin  into  a  line  of 
fi^.  wJio,  in  silent   indij, 
quantity  of  land  encomp 
'fss,  the  Indians  had  jnist 

'  Formerly  c.illed  Oh>,l,'/ow 

Amcr  Resistcrfor  1816, 

I       1 1"""  accouiii  of  E.   T 

''Tv    '"'"'•'"a'ion  upon  n.nii 

}  Voijagt  dam  i'JrUerieur  di 


loOK  V. 

svistain, 
liail  ill 
ill",  lest 
s.'USdii, 
pent  in 
It'll  iiro 

r  notice 

l'llllslli|l 

11  ;  iiiiil, 
lary  of 
1  laoiicy 

iiiiis  and 
iiccrii;  (1. 
:  liiilitia 
r  tiiiiiK  r, 
■liict's  di" 
said,  '•  / 
'sh'tii  and 
rvn—nnd 


itiii";  (^00 
•u  iiiition, 
plant  was 
edition  to 
ly  shown 
iiniioiiiit- 
ivai's,  who 
i'iiMidship. 
iliowed,  it  f 
lis,  a  letter  i 
Vorn-plaiit  | 
■  our  cvvii  ' 
0011  have  a  V 
he  \vent  I 

otit  about  j, 

r  advance 

links  the 

<s,  lor  he 

ant:  "My  I 
e  iVontier 
it  is  ccr- 

th;it  they 
inir  on  the 
idly  to  the  || 

1*1011  to  the 
eltlmirnt 
lieiv  hap- 
iaii  stoo])- 
heis  w!i3 
he  house. 
;riie  poor 
like,  which 
hai)iien((l, 
,  and  was 


neral  Knox, 


Chap.  VI.] 


CORN-PLANT— NOTION  OF  CIVILIZATION. 


119 


heard  only  to  say,  "It  is  html,  when  I  am'  nv/  people  arc  Ini'me;  to  make  peace 
i  for  the  whites,  that  we  shoulil  receive  surh  reward.     Iran  ii^overn  m;i  ijounir  inen 
and  ivarriurs  heller  tluin  the  thirteen  fires  can  theirs.''^     \Unv  is  it  that  this   iiiiiii 
slidiihl  praetisc  ii|)oii  the  inaxiiiis  of  Confucius,  of  whom  ho   never  heard? 
:  Oo  i/e  to  others  ((.1  ife  would  that  theij  should  do  unto  i/ou;)  and  tin;  monster  in 
liiiiiiati  form,  in  a  ^^ospel  land,  taught  them  from  his  youth,  slioidd  show,  hy 
ills  actions,  his  ntter  contempt  of  them,  and  even  of  the  divine  mundat(!  ^ 
'    111  181(1,  the  Reverend  Tiniothif  .Uden,  then  president  of  Allejjhany  eollejfc, 
11  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  visited  the  Seneca  nation.     At  this  time,  Corn- 
]',inl    WwA  seven  miles  helow  the  jimetion  of  the  Connewanjro  with  the 
Allejrliany,  upon  the  i)anks  of  the  latttu-,  "on  a  piece  of  lirst-rate  holtom 
liiul,  a  little   within   the   limits  of  Pennsylvania."    Ihtre   was  his  villa>re," 
wi.icli  exhihited   signs   of  industrious    inhahitants.      lie  then  owned    1;{00 
aiics  of  land,  (100  of  which  comprehended  his  town.     "It  was  grat'liil  to 
;:iiiic<',"  ohserves  Mi:  Jllden,  "the  present  agricnltiind  hahits   of  the   place, 
fiMiii  the  nmneroiis  enclosures  of  buck-wheat,  corn  and  oats.     We  also  saw 
aiiuniher  of  oxen,  cows  and  horses;  and  many  logs  designed  I'or  the  saw- 
mill and  the  Pittsburgh  market."     Corn-plant  had,  lor  some  time,  been  \(ry 
I  ,iurh  in  lavor  of  the  Christian  ndigion,  and  hailed  with  joy  such  as  professed 
,1,    When  he  was  apprized  of  Mr.  Alden^s  arrival,   ho    hastened   to    s\{-\- 
iniiic  liim  to  his  village,  and  wait  upon  him.     And  notwithstanding  his  hii^h 
ilation  as  a  chief,  having  many  men  under  his  command,   he  chose  rather, 
■ill  the  ancient  patriarchal   style,"  to  serve  his  visitors  liimMlf;  he,  iliere- 
jiri',  took  care  of  their  horses,  and  went  into  the  field,  cut  and  brought  oats 
for  them. 

Tiie  Western  Missionary  Society  had,  in  181.'),  at  Cora-/;/rt?irs  "  m-geiit 
request,"  established  a  school  at  his  village,  wliich,  ut  this  time,  promised 
success. 

Corn-plant  received  an  annual  annuity  from  the  U.  States  of  2.')0  dollars, 
lK'?ides  his  proportion  of  9000  divided  equally  among  every  member  of  the 
iialioii. 

Gos-kuk-ke-toa-na-kon-ne-di-yu,  commonly  called  the  Prophet,  was  brother 
:>  Corn-plant,  and  resided  in  his  village.  He  was  of  little  note,  and  died 
|ir(vii)us  to  ISlG.f  Com-/j/an/,  '  ve  believe,  was,  when  living,  lilie  all  other 
iiucuhglitened  people,  very  superstitious.  Not  long  since,  he  said  the  (Jood 
Spirit  had  told  him  not  to  have  any  thing  to  do  with  the  whites,  or  even  to 
ircseive  any  mementoes  or  relics  they  had  froui  time  to  time  given  him ; 
ivliereiipon,  among  other  things,  he  burnt  up  his  belt  and  broke  his  elegant 
sword.  He  often  mentions  his  having  been  at  Braddock^s  defeat.  Henry 
Okule,  his  son,  he  sent  to  be  educated  among  the  whites.  He  became  a 
mmkiird  on  returning  to  his  home,  and  is  now  discarded  by  his  father. 
('ijra-/</aHnias  other  sons ;  but  he  says  no  more  of  them  shall  be  educated 
aiiioiif;  the  whites,  for  he  says,  "It  entirely  spoil  Indian."  And  although  he 
loimtenances  Christianity,  he  does  not  do  it,"it  is  thought,  from  a  belief  of 
ii,  hut  probably  from  the  same  motives  as  too  many  whites  do.  \ 

The  tbllowing  story,  M.  Bayard  says,§  was  told  him  by  Corn-planter.  We 
have  olten  heard  a  similar  onc;  and  as  ollen  a  new  origin  ;  but  never  before 
iliat  it  originated  with  It'illiam  Penn.  However,  as  our  author  observes,  as 
w  have  more  respect  for  truth  than  great  names,  we  will  relate  it.  Penn 
I  ;iii|)osed  to  the  Indians  to  sell  him  as  much  land  as  he  could  encompass 
with  the  hide  of  a  bullock.  They,  supposing  he  meant  only  what  ground 
ivouid  be  covered  by  it,  when  it  was  spread  out,  Jind  looking  njiou  what 
"as  offered  as  a  good  price,  consented  to  the  proi)Osition.  Penn,  like  Didon, 
cut  the  skin  into  a  line  of  immense  length,  to  the  astonishment  of  the  vend- 
ers, who,  in  silent  indignation,  religiously  observed  their  contract.  The 
ijiiaiitity  of  land  encompassed  by  the  line  is  not  irientioned ;  but,  more  or 
bs,  the  Indians  had  passed  their  word,  and  they  scorned  to  break  it,  even 

'  Fiirmorly  called  Obnlelown.  Sec  Pa.  Gaz.  1792,  and  Stanbury's  Jour. 
t  Auicr.  Fioirisicrfor  1816,  vol  ii.  226,  &,c. 

t  Veil)al  account  of  E.   T.  Foote,  Escj.  of  Chatauque  co.  N.  Y.  who  possesses  much 
lalualjli;  iiirnniialioii  upon  mailers  of  this  kind. 
j  Voyage  dam  VInterieur  des  I  ats-Unis,  et  cot.  ps.  206.  207. 


120  TECUMSEH.  [n„„^  y 

tlioii<,'li  tlioy  would  Iiiivo,  bo'^ii  jiisliCicd  l)y  tlio  disrovpry  of  tli(>  iiinid.  We 
do  ii(»t  vouch  for  tlic  tnilli  fil'  this  iiiattt!!",  nor  do  \vt!  hi^hcvt!  hillinin  P<iin 
ever  prnctiscd  a  trick  of  tlic  kiiul.  Nc»  douht  soim;  perMoii  did  ;  mid  |icriiii|is 
Coni-fdantcr  liad  \h'v\i  tohl  that  it  uaH  Peiin. 

VV»!  have  now  to  rt'coni  the  death  ol' tho  vencrahli!  Coni-ulant.  lie  died 
nt  his  residiMice  on  the  Senecu  resurvatioii,  on  tlic  7th  of  i>iarch  last.  iKJd 
njred  upwards  of  100  years.  ' 

TmslaefTct,  or  Clutiits  C'orn-ulnntei;  was  a  party  to  the  treaty  of  IMoscow 
N.  Y.  in  Idijy.     llo  vvaa  prohunly  u  son  of  Kotentwa/ik,  or  Cyunlwaia,  ' 


9i00e 


CHAPTER  VII. 

TEuuMSF.it — Ills  great  errrtinns  to  prrrrnt  the  xrhitesfrnm  orrrninnimr  Us  cimiilrii~ 
I  lis  criicdition  oh  hlaclier's  Crcrli — CoOperution  ofliix  lirullicr,llir.  I'roplut — His,  of 
l/ic  (I {ificullies  between  Tecumneli  and  Oorernor  Harrison — ^/leerli.  of  flie  Jhrmtr  in 
a  eonncil  at  Vincenurs — Fearful  oeeitrrenrc  in  that  council — Winnk.mak — Tirinnsrh 
visited  hy  Governor  Harrison  at  his  canip — Determination  of  loiir  the  result  if  the 
intiri'iew  on  both  sides — Characteristic  anecdote  of  the  chief— netcrmints,  in  iltg 
event  of  war,  to  prevent  barbarities — Battle  of  Tippecanoe — liattle  of  the  Thiniirs 

and,  death  of  Tecumseh — Description  of  his  person — Important  events  in  his  liii: 

ViiKV.v.^MV.no,  father  of  Tecumseh — His  death — Buttle  of  Magatigo — Siiccimrn  uf 
the  cihairanee  language — Particular  account  if  Eli.skwatawa,  or  the  I'hoimikt— 
.ficcount  of  RouND-HKAi) — Capture  and  massacre  of  General  lUnchester's  nniiii at 
the  Hirer  Raisin — Mvkeraii,  or  the  Ckane,  commonhj  called  Wai.k-in-tiik.-\V atkr 
— Tevoninhokerawrn,  or  John  Nokton — Looan  the  Shairance — Bi.AtK-iiiKn— 
Massacre  at  Chicago — Wawnahton — Black-thunukr — On gpatono a,  or  Biu-elk 
— Petaleshabo — Mete  A. 

TECUMSEH,  by  birth  ii  Shawanoc,  and  brif^ndier-peneral  in  the  nriny  of 
Great  Britain,  in  the  war  of  1812,  was  born  about  1770,  and,  like  his  great 
prototype,  Pometacoin,  the  Wanipanoag,  seems  always  to  have  made  iiig 
aversion  to  civilization  appear  a  prominent  trait  in  his  character ;  and  it  is 
not  presumed  that  he  joined  the  British  army,  and  received  the  red  siisii  and 
other  badges  of  office,  because  he  was  fond  of  imitating  the  wiiites ;  l)iit  lie 
employed  them,  more  j)rol)ably,  as  a  means  of  inspiring  his  countrymen  witli 
that  respect  and  veneration  for  hiiriself  which  was  so  necessary  in  the  work 
of  expulsion,  w  hich  ho  had  undertaken). 

Tilt;  first  ex|)loit  in  which  we  find  Tecumseh  engaged  was  upon  a  braiioh 
of  Hacker's  Creek,  in  May,  17i)'-i.  With  a  small  band  of  warriors,  ho  came 
upon  the  liunily  of  John  Wagsroner,  about  dusk.  They  found  Wnggomr 
a  short  distance  from  his  house,  sitting  upon  a  log,  resting  himself  i  iter  tiic 
fatigues  of  the  day.  Tecumseh  directed  his  men  to  capture  the  faniiiy,  while 
himself  was  engaged  with  Wafr^oner.  To  make  sure  work,  he  took  delihorntc 
aim  at  him  with  his  rifle  ;  but  fortunately  he  did  not  even  wound  him,  tljoii;:h 
the  bail  passed  next  to  his  skin.  fVags;oner  threw  himself  off"  tii(>  loir,  ami 
ran  with  all  his  might,  and  Tecuvxsch  followed.  Having  the  advantage  of  an 
accurate  knowledge  of  the  ground,  IVagsroner  made  good  his  escape.  Mean- 
while his  men  succeeded  in  carrying  off'  the  family,  some  of  whom  tlicy  l)ar- 
barously  murdered.  Among  these  wen;  Mrs.  Waggoner  and  two  of  her 
children.     Several  of  the  children  remained  a  long  time  with  the  Indians. 

This  persevering  and  extraordinary  man  had  made  himself  noted  and  con- 
spicuous in  the  war  which  tenninated  by  the  treaty  of  Greenville,  in  17!)."), 
He  was  brother  to  that  famous  impostor  well  known  by  the  name  of  the 
Pro/j/ie<,  and  seems  to  have  joined  in  his  views  just  in  season  to  prevent  iiis 
fiilling  into  entire  disrepute  among  his  own  followers.  His  ])rinci|)al  jilarc 
of  rendezvous  was  near  the  confluence  of  the  Tippecanoe  with  the  \Val)a.'h, 
upon  the  north  bank  of  the  latter.  This  tract  of  countiy  was  none  of  hi?, 
but  bad  been  possessed  by  his  brother  the  Prophet,  in  1808,  with  a  motley 
band  of  about  1000  young  warriors  from  among  the  Shawanese,  Dela- 
wures,  Wyandots,  Potowatoniies,  Ottowas,  Kikkapoos  and  Chippeways.    The 


)0K   V. 


Chap.  VII.] 


TECUMSEH. 


121 


We 

Pnin 
i!i-|ia|iH 

»'  ilinl 
;.  iKtC, 

oscow, 


vnitrij— 

-llisi  nf 
)rini.r  in 
I'inniisilt 
lit  nf  the. 
s,  in  llif. 
Tlidiiirs, 
Ills  liii  — 
c/m  (71  (// 

O  I'll  Ki- 
ll' iiniiij  lit 
■■.-VVatkii 

K-II1U1I— 
•BlU-Kl.K 


nrmy  nf 
lis  grciit 
mult!  liis 
and  it  is 
Hiisli  and 
liiit  lie 
lien  wilii 
the  work 


Mimnii-H  wnro  vcrv  much  oppoMorl  to  this  iiitriision  into  tlioir  country,  but 
wrrc  lint  powcrt'iil  fiKin^li  to  ic|ifl  it,  and  many  of  tliijr  cliiclM  were  |Mit  to 
dcatli  in  tin-  most  Itarliarons  manner,  for  rciiionstratinf;  a;rainst  their  conduct. 
Tlic  maladminiHtration  of  the  Prophet,  however,  in  a  nhort  time,  vi-ry  nnich 
reduced  his  mimherH,  ho  that,  in  ahout  a  year,  his  liillowerM  (■onsii-tetl  of  hnt 
about  MOO,  and  these  in  the  most  iniHeralile  Htate  of  existence.  Their  haliitH 
had  heen  such  as  to  lirin<r  liunine  upon  theni ;  and  hut  f  r  tiie  piovisioiH 
tiiriiished  hy  (Jeneral  Harrison,  from  Vinceunes,  starvation  would  doiihth'SH 
iiave  ensiu'd.*  At  this  junctm-e,  Tcntmsch  made  his  appearance  am«)nj; 
ilicm  ;  and  although  in  the  character  of  a  siihordinate  chief,  yet  it  was  known 
iliiit  he  directed  every  thin<j  afterwards,  altlioii}.'h  in  tlie  name  of  the  Prophet. 
Ills  exertions  now  iiecame  inmiense  to  e!i;,'a|;e  every  triho  upon  the  continent 
III  a  confederacy,  with  the  optjii  and  uvowed  oltject  «tf  arreMtin<;  tiic  progress 
if  the  wliites. 

Afrreeahly  to  the  direction  of  tho  government,  Oovernor  Harrison  purchn.sed 
nt'tlie  Delawares,  Miamies,  and  I'ottowatomies,  a  lar<;e  tract  of  country  on 
both  si(!es  of  the  VVal)ash,  and  extending  up  tiie  river  (iO  niih's  aitove  Vin- 
rriiies.  This  was  in  IHU!),  altont  a  year  after  the  Prophet  sctth'd  with  ids  colony 
upon  the  Wabash,  as  belitre  stated.  Tecunmh  was  absent  at  this  time,  and 
his  brother,  the  Prophet,  was  not  considered  as  havinff  any  claim  to  the  coun- 
try, being  then;  without  the  consent  of  tht!  IMiamics.  Terumseh  did  not  view 
itia  this  light,  and  at  his  return  was  exceedingly  vexed  with  those  chiefs 
who  laid  made  the  conv(!yance ;  many  of  whom,  it  is  asserted,  he  threat'  ned 
vitli  death.  Tecumseh^s  displeasure  and  dissatistiiction  reached  (Jovt mor 
Harrison,  who  despatched  a  messenger  to  him,  to  state  "that  any  claim-  ho 
iiii^dit  have  to  the  lands  which  laul  been  cetled,  were  not  afti;cted  h\  the 
inaty;  that  he  might  come  to  Vincennes  and  exhibit  his  pretensions,  and  if 
tiny  were  found  to  be  solid,  that  the  land  would  either  lie  given  uj»,  or  an 
ample  compensation  made  for  it."t  This,  it  must  he  confessed,  was  not  in  a 
strain  calculated  to  soothe  a  mighty  mind,  when  once  justly  irritatt'd,  as  was 
lliat  of  Tecumseh,  Ifowever,  u|)on  the  12  August,  IHIO,  (a  day  which  camiot 
fail  to  remind  the  read«T  of' tin;  fate  of  bis  great  archetype,  Philip,  of  Poknn- 
oie/,)heniet  the  governor  in  council  at  Vincennes,  with  many  of  bis  war- 
riors; at  which  tiine  he  spoke  to  liitn  as  follows  : — 

"  It  is  true  I  am  a  Slmwanee.  My  forefathers  were  wan-iora.  Their  son  is 
a  wunior.  From  them  I  only  take  my  existence  ;  from  my  tribe  I  take  noth- 
ing. I  am  the  rnaker  of  my  own  fortune  ;  and  oh  !  that  1  co»dd  make  that 
nt'iiiy  red  people,  and  of  my  country,  as  great  as  the  conceptions  of  my 
mind,  when  I  think  of  the  S()irit  that  rules  the  univ(!rse.  I  would  not  then 
come  to  Governor  Harrison,  to  ask  him  to  tear  the  treaty,  and  to  obliterate 
the  landmark ;  but  I  would  say  to  him.  Sir,  you  have  liberty  to  return  to 
your  own  coinitry.  The  btiing  within,  communing  with  past  ages,  tells  me, 
that  once,  nor  until  hitely,  there  was  no  white  man  on  this  continent.  That 
it  then  all  belonged  to  red  men,  children  of  the  same  parents,  placed  on  it  by 
the  Great  Spirit  that  made  them,  to  keep  it,  to  traverse  it,  to  enjoy  its  jH-odiic- 
tions,  an-'  to  fill  it  witii  the  same  race.  Once  a  ha|)uy  race.  Since  made 
niiserpMi!  by  the  white  jieople,  who  are  never  contenteu,  but  always  encroach- 
ing'. The  way,  and  the  oidy  way  to  check  and  to  stoj)  this  evil,  is,  for  all  the 
red  men  to  unite  in  claiming  a  common  and  equal  right  in  the  land,  as  it  was 
at  first,  and  should  be  yet ;  for  it  never  was  divided,  but  belongs  to  all,  for  the 
use  of  each.  That  no  ])art  has  a  right  to  sell,  even  to  each  other,  nnicij  less 
to  strangers  ;  those  wlio  want  all,  and  will  not  do  with  less.  The  white  peo- 
ple have  no  right  to  take  the  land  from  the  Indians,  because  they  had  it  first; 
itistlieirs.  They  may  sell,  but  all  must  join.  Any  sale  not  made  by  all  is 
not  valid.  The  late  sale  is  bad.  It  was  made  by  a  part  only.  Part  do  not 
know  bow  to  sell.  It  recpiires  all  to  make  a  bargain  for  all.  All  red  men 
Iiave  ('(]ual  rights  to  the  unoccupied  land.  The  right  of  occupancy  is  as 
good  in  one  place  as  in  another.  There  cannot  be  two  occupations  in  the 
same  place.  The  first  excludes  all  others.  It  is  not  so  in  bunting  or  travel- 
ling; for  there  the  same  ground  will  serve  many,  as  they  may  follow  each 


*  Memoirs  of  Harrison. 
11 


t  lU'A/ee. 


133 


TKCUMMKII— CONI'KUKNCK  AT  VINCENNES. 


tBoot  V 


otlnT  all  (liiy  ;  1)iit  tlic  rMiM|»  is  Htntioiiiirv,  "nd  timt  is  occiiimnry.  It  Ix'liinirii 
t*i  till'  til':*!  \\ III)  sits  ildwii  nil  his  liltiiikt't  or  skins,  wliirh  In-  lias  lliniwii  iiimiii 
til*-  ^'roiiiiil,  and  till  lie  lra\«'s  it  no  oiliir  lias  a  li^'lit."  * 

Hon  near  tliis  is  to  llic  oi'i;xinal  is  iiiiknown  to  ns,  hut  it  ii|i|irai's  too  imicli 
AiMfiiraiii/('»l  to  coiTt'siioml  with  oiir  notions  ni' 'IVcitmnih ;  iicvtjrihrlrws  it 
may  ^ivc  the  true  iiKaiiiii^'.  ()n<-  ini|iortiiiit  |iai'a)(ra|ili  oiij^'ht  to  hi-  mlilnl 
wiiirli  we  ilo  not  liiiil  in  tin'  iiiitlior  Innii  which  we  have  rxtrartol  tlii'nli<i\r' 
which  was, '■  that  the  Aiiiciicaiis  hml  (Irivcii  tliciii  lioiii  the  sni-consis,  uiiii 
that  they  woiihl  shortly  |)nsli  thciii  into  the  lakes,  and  that  they  were  ditrr- 
iniih'd  to  make  a  staml  where  the,\  uere."+  This  lanuna^rc  (orcihiy  reiiiiiuls 
IIS  oT  what  the  ancient  Itrilons  said  ol'  then  enemies,  when  they  hesoii;.'hi  uid 
ot'  the  Uomaiis.  "  'The  harharians  (said  the\ )  drive  ns  to  thu  sea,  ami  the  srit 
lieats  lis  hack  ii|ioii  them  ;  hetween  these  extreiiK-s  we  arc  cxposttd,  eitli  r  to 
be  slain  with  liie  sword,  or  drowned  in  the  wa\i  s."  \ 

'riiumsvU,  liavinit  thus  e\|dained  his  reasoiiH  a^'aiiict  the  validity  of  ih,. 
purchase,  took  his  seat  amidst  his  warriors,  (lovernor  I  la  rri  son  y\i\  his  niilv 
Maid,  "that  the  white  people,  when  they  arrivetl  upon  this  continent,  hiid' 
found  the  .Miamies  in  the  o<-eiipation  ot'  all  the  country  on  the  Wahasli,  mimI 
at  that  time  the  Shawaiiese  were  residents  (»!'  (icorffia,  lioiii  whicii  tiny 
were  driven  hy  the  ("reeks.  That  the  lamis  had  heen  purchased  froin  i|h, 
IMiamies,  who  were  the  true  and  ori}:inal  owiiersol'it.  'I'liat  it  was  ridicu- 
lous to  assert  that  all  the  Indians  were  one  nation  ;  i'or  if  such  had  heen  tin. 
iiiteiition  t>t' the  (treat  Spirit,  he  would  not  have  put  six  dili'ereiit  ti)ii;.'iirN' 
into  their  heads,  hut  liavt*  tau;j;ht  them  all  to  speak  a  laii;^nia<;t!  that  all  could 
iintlerstiind.  Tiiat  th*^  Miamies  toiind  it  for  their  interest  to  sell  a  pait  nt' 
their  lands,  and  receive  tor  them  a  liirther  annuity,  the  heiietit  of  whicli  tiicy 
liad  loiii.' experienced,  from  the  pimctiiidity  with  which  the  seventeen  liiey 
[the  seventeen  United  States]  complied  with  their  en^'a^cments ;  and  tlwit  tin- 
Hhawaiiese  had  no  ri^dit  to  come  from  a  distant  country  and  control  tlio. 
Miamies  in  the  disposal  of  their  own  |»roperty."  Tin;  j;overnor  then  took 
his  seat,  and  the  inter|)reter  proceeded  to  explain  tct  Tirnmsck  what  lie  liml 
said,  who,  wIumi  he  had  nearly  tinished,  suddenly  interrupted  liiin,  anil  vk- 
v\n\[in'{\,  ^*  H  is  (ill  /'(list' ;"  at  the  same  tinu;  <,'iviiif,'  to  his  wiirriois  a  sipml, 
they  seized  their  >var  cliihs,  and  spriinj;  upon  their  I'eet,  li'om  the  iiiceii  finiss 
on  whicli  they  had  heen  sittiiifr.  The  "overuor  now  thoiif^dit  himself  in  im- 
iiiincnt  daiifrer,  and,  freeiiifr  himself  from  his  arm-chair,  drew  his  sword,  iiiiil 
jm-pared  to  defend  iiimsell".  He  was  attended  by  some  ollicers  of  his  ;;(iv- 
crnmeiit,  and  miuiy  citi/eiis,  more  numerous  than  the  biditins,  hul  all  uiiiiriiii'd ; 
most  of  whom,  however,  seized  upon  some  weajion,  such  as  stones  .'ind  cliilis. 
Ticumsvh  continued  to  make  fiestiiies  and  speak  with  frreat  emoiion;  iiiiil  ii 
guard  <d'  I'i  armed  men  stationed  by  the  fiovernor  in  the  rear  wen;  (udcird 
up.  i'or  a  few  mimites,  it  was  exjiccted  blood  would  be  shed.  Mtijor  (1. 1{. 
Flui/dc,  who  stood  near  the  fiovernor,  drew  his  dirk, an<l  ft'liinemiik  cocked  his 
pistol,  wliiidi  he  had  ready  primed ;  hi;  said  Tcctimsih  bad  threatciied  liis 
life  tor  haviiii,'  siifurd  tho  treaty  juul  sale  of  the  disjtuted  huid.  A  Mr.  If'iim, 
the  Methodist  minister,  ran  to  the  governor's  house,  and,  taking  a  gun,  stood 
in  the  door  to  doiiMid  the  family. 

On  being  iiitbrinod  what  Tccmnsek  bad  said,  the  governor  ro|tlied  to  hint, 
thiit  "  h(>  was  a  bad  mail — that  be  Avould  havi!  no  further  tidk  w  itii  him— tliiit 
In-  must  return  to  bis  camp,  and  set  out  for  bis  bomt!  imnieditileiy."  Tims 
ended  die  conieroncc!.  Tcciimsch  did  not  leavi;  tho  neigbhorhood,  hut,  thu 
iievt  morning,  having  n'flecteil  upon  the  impro])riety  of  liis  conduct,  sent  to 
til"  govi'riior  to  have  the  c(uiiicil  renewed,  and  tipologized  liir  the  afrnnit 
oflered  ;  to  which  the  governor,  alter  some  time,  consented,  having  taken  llit' 
precaution  to  hiivo  two  additional  comj)aiiies  of  armed  men  in  retidiiii  ss,  in 
case  of  insult. 

Having  met  a  second  time,  Tecumseh  was  asked  wlietber  he  had  any  other 
grounds,  than  those  be  had  stated,  by  which  lu;  could  lay  claim  to  the  land 
ill  cpiestioii ;  to  which  ho  reiilied,  "No  other."  Here,  then,  was  an  end  of 
all  argument.     The  indigimiit  soul  of  Tecumseh  could  not  but  be  enruged  at 


Chap.  VH.] 

tlio  idea  of  an  "np 

comimisdlloii  (iir  Ian 

lull  iiiinilrif  /     »•  '|"h( 

i-nl  from  what  it   hi 

mid  ccdiectid,  and  | 

liriiied  liinino  any  i 

inKised  by  white  nii 

liim  at  his  place  of  i 

jMised  to  (.'overiior  i 

i"ii(bise  the  trihis  i 

MMiii  put  out  of  ullici 

till'  land  to  the  hidii 

llic  survey  o/'  the  lai 

iilil  tioiiiii/iin/.     Thei 

(lltowas,  anil  ii  \\ii, 

liy  7\ciiiiis</i,  whom 

iiili>rmed   Tirumsih 

ill  III,  alleging,  nt  tin 

liiii|iiislieil,  and   that 

cloricd. 

Tlie    governor    wi 
[Missihly,  Tniimsr/i  n 
liis  own  tent.      Acci 
III!'  chief  in  bis  cam| 
iicxH  and  attention,  an 
On  heiiig  asked   by  tl 
(■V|»rcssed  himself"  ill 
with  great  reluctance 
wiioiii  he  had   no  otii 
lliiit  he  was  extreniel 
wiitild  prevail  upon  tli 
iiLTOc  never  to  make  a 
Hoiiid  be  their  liiithfii 
uiiom  he  knew  wen; 
liii'ids  and  hallooing  .v, 
tires ;  hut  if  they  won 
iti  other  respects,  he  w 
tlii'i-c  was  no  iinibabi 
tlu'  givat  chief  is  to  < 
M'tisc  enough  into  his 
It  is  true,  he  is  so  fin 
ill  liis  town,  and  drink 
Ht'lind  sail!   befijn-,  w 
"iili'ss  his  term;-)  wen 
rest  1 0  1111/ fact,  inilU  /  /, 

Thus   is  exhibited 

ilii|»licily  appears,  and 

i|ii'''<tioiie(I,  again  and  .. 

I'losi'ctite  this    plan;  a 

i^iiowii,  no  fiction,  it   i 

'nlics  to  the  west  of  tli 

'liinni,  were  visited  an 

niiscil  ill  tjiese  tribes  t 

'III'  Americans  to  the  e 

?iiitif  iis  Tecumseh,  and 

.  The  following  cliani 

"Iff''  lit  Viiiceimes.     A 

nm,  and  was  about  to 

'"■"1  placed  for  him. 

IS  the  iiiterj)ieter  baiid« 


*  Hist.  Kentucky. 


t  Mem.  Harrison. 


\  Seller's  EngJana. 


I'- 


Chap.  VII.) 


TKCIiMSI'.ir. 


(if  ilui     ;. 

riply,      ^ 

II,  llllll      i 

A\,  1111(1      i 

I' 

\\  they       i 

' 

mil  tliii      J 

riilicii-      j 

I 

I'll  tli(^      1 

I    ■ 

()n;.'iii'S      j 

V 

1  I'liiilii      ] 

\>nv\  lit' 

i-ll  llli'V 

I'll  tires 

■, 

tllMt  till' 

Irol  till' 

cii  tiiok 

li(>  llllll 

mid  t'X- 

1  si^'Miil, 

I'll    f-'HISH 

r  ill  iiii-           1 

onl,  iiMil          1 

liis  ;.'iiv- 

iiiiriiii'il; 

III  I'lllllS. 

i;  iiiiil  a 

(irilriTil 

jor  (;.  li 

ii'kcil  Ills 

ciicil  liis 

r.  /r/dd', 

nil,  sKiOil 

t(i  liiiii, 

liiii— tliat 

V'l 

."    Tims 

'-'4 

liut,  liio 

rM 

t,  SI'llt  to 

ic  iilVnmt 

taki'iiilic    ^ 

diiii'ss,  ill 

any  other 

'^H 

till'  iiind 

11  end  ot" 

nru-red  at 

llio  idt'ii  of  nil  "♦'t|iii\ali«nt  for  a  niiiiifry,"  or,  wlmt  iiicaiif  tlio  hiiimc  tliiiij?,  o 
(om/'<  "'"'/""I  liir  laiiil,  \\liit'li,ul)i'h  i'r|M'iiti>il,iiM  it  liail  Imtii,  nmhiM  simii  «r/;i'/i//i( 
lo<i  III II III rji  I  '''I'lif  liliaviiir  <»!  '/Vnnn.vli,  iit  lliis  iiilrrvirw,  \mis  very  dilll-r- 
I'lil  li'Diii  what  it  had  JHrii  ihr  iIm\  lii'liiri'.  ||i>  di'|iii|-||iu  lit  wnn  tli^'iiilinl 
llllll  rollntrd,  and  he  .•'hiiwcil  not  t|i<>  least  dis|iii,4itiiiii  tu  Im-  iiiHidriii.  |lo 
ili'iiii'd  liaviii;:  any  intmliivii  ol'  attacking'  tlir  pivcriKir,  jiiit  said  ht>  had  lirt'ii 
jiihincd  hy  white  men  "  in  do  as  he  had  dmie  ;  (hat  twii  white  inen  hud  visited 
llllll  at  his  plai'e  ol'i'esideiii'e, and  Inid  him  that  hairihe  white  penple  were  ii|). 
|i(isi'il  to  (■overiior  lliirrisoii,  and  willing;  lo  i'elini|insh  tiie  land,  and  told  hini 
iiiiiihi»e  the  liilns  not  to  reeei\i'  pay  liir  it;  I'or  that  the  ^'o\eiiior  would  ho 
!i(ioii  put  out  ol'otllee,  and  a  '•  ;rood  man  "  sent  in  his  plaee,  w  ho  wonlil  i:i\e  up 
IJic  land  to  the  liidiaiis.  'The  ^'oveiiior  askid  him  whether  he  would  prevent 
ihit  survey  cd'  the  land  :  he  replied  that  he  was  determined  to  adhere  to  iho 
,,/(/  houniliini.  'I'lien  arose  a  Wyandot,  a  Kikkapoo,  n  INittouallomie.  an 
Otlowas,  and  a  Winn('l>at.'o  ehief,  eaeli  deelariii:,'  his  deiermination  i.)  stand 
liv  'I'lnimsrli,  whom  they  had  ehoseii  their  eliieC  Aller  the  j.'o\ei'iior  had 
jnrormed  Tickiii.vIi  that  his  words  should  he  truly  reported  to  the  presi- 
iliiit,  alle^^in;:,  at  the  same  time,  that  he  knew  the  land  woulil  not  be  rv- 
liiii|nishi'd,  and  that  it  would  h(;  iiiaiiitaiiied  hy  tli(<  sword,  the  eonncil 
fjosi'd. 

The  ^'overnor  wished  yet  to  |)r()|onjr  the  interview,  and  thoii^ht  lliat, 
{iiissilily,  Tiiuiiiiiili  mi<>ht  appear  more  siihmissive,  should  he  iiiii  t  him  in 
Ills  own  tent.  Aec<)rdiii!,dy  he  took  with  him  an  interpreter,  und  visited 
till-  chiel'  in  his  eainp  the  next  day.  'The  ;iovernor  was  received  with  kind- 
iii'S!<  and  attention,  and  'Vicumsrh  conversed  w itii  liiin  ii  c(nisideruhle  tim(\ 
(111  lieiiif:  asked  hy  the  ^'overnor  if  his  determination  really  was  as  he  had 
(Xjiressi'd  hiiusell' in  the  council,  he  said,  "Ves;"  and  added,  "that  it  wa.s 
with  ;;reat  reluctance  he  would  make  war  with  the  I'nited  States — ajraiiist 
wlioiii  ho  iiad  no  other  complaint,  hut  their  piirchasin^r  t||(>  Indians'  land  ; 
iliiit  he  was  extremely  aiixiiais  to  be  their  liieiid,  and  if  he  (the  <,fovernorj 
wiiiild  prevail  upon  the  president  to  fjive  up  the  lands  lattdy  purchased,  and 
;i^fi(.('  never  to  make  another  treaty,  without  the  consent  of  all  the  tribes,  Ikj 
wiiiild  he  their  iititliful  ally,  and  assist  them  in  all  their  wars  w  ith  the  Kniilish," 
wlioiii  he  knew  wert!  always  treatin;;  Xhv  Intlians  like  dofrs,  cla|>pin!,'  their 
liiiiiils  and  hallooinjf  stu-boij  ;  that  Im  '.voidd  much  rather  join  thi;  seventisL'n 
tiri's;  hut  if  they  would  not  jjivo  up  said  lands,  and  comply  with  his  reipiost 
ill  other  respects,  Im  would  join  the  l''ii<i;lish.  When  the  ^'overnor  told  him 
tlirrc  was  no  probaliility  that  the  president  would  comply,  he  said,  "Well,  na 
till' itreat  chief  is  to  determine  the  matter,  I  hope  the  (ireat  Spirit  will  put 
M'lisc  eiioii<rh  into  his  head,  to  induce  him  to  direct  you  to  fiive  up  this  linnl. 
it  i>;  true,  he  is  so  far  oH'  Ik;  will  not  be  injured  by  the  war.  lie  may  sit  still 
ill  liis  town,  and  drink  his  wine,  whilst  you  and  I  will  have  to  lidit  it  out." 
lie  Imd  said  before,  when  asked  if  it  were  his  (leterminalion  to  make  war 
unless  his  terms  were  complied  with,  "  //  iti  iivj  ildd-niimtHon  ;  nor  trill  I  give 
rtsi  In  inilfect,  unlil  I  liuvc  "n'lU-d  nil  llic  nil  nun  !n  tin  like  risohilion." 

Tliiis  is  exhibited  the  determined  character  oi'  Tcrmnscli,  in  which  no 
liiililiciiy  apjiears,  and  whose  resentment  iiiiLdit  have  It.  en  expected,  when 
qiirslii)iied,  a<rain  and  auaiii,  upon  the  same  subject.     Most  rcli^'iously  i\.d   ho 


I 


osecuto  this  plan;  and  could  bi.s  extraordinary  and  wondeifnl  exertions  be 
Mown,  no  fiction,  it  is  b;lieved,  ciMild  scai-cely  surpass  the  reality.  The 
irilies  to  the  west  of  the  iMississipjii,  and  thosi;  aboiir  Lakes  Superior  and 
Iliii'Dii,  were  visited  and  revisited  by  him  pre\ions  to  the  year  IHIl.  lie  had 
miseil  in  these  tril)es  the  hifrli  expectation  that  they  sluiuld  be  able  to   drive 


Americans  to  the  east  of  t!io  Ohio.     The  limioiis  liUii-iackd  was  as  san- 

...  .  .     .  -  .  !'. 


"lime 


Tecumsch,  and  was  his  alu'ttor  in  uiiitiii<'  distant  tribe 


Tlio  foliowiiijr  characteristic  circumstance  occurred  at  one  of  the  meet- 


to  ( 


loverii 


or  Hi 


fir- 


inw  lit  Viiicennes.  Al>er  Ticnmsih  had  made  a  spe 
nmi,  and  was  about  to  seat  himself  in  a  chair,  he  obsi'rved  that  none  had 
lircn  placed  for  him.  One  was  immediately  ordered  by  the  ij;overiior,  and, 
as  the  interpreter  handed  it  to  him,  lie  suid,  "  Your  father  reipiests  you  to  take 

*  Memoirs  of  Harrison, 


m 

■  ''^1 

:i| 

J 

•  f 

■  l'\'l 

M 


124 


TECUMSE II.— BATTLE  OF  TIPPECANOE. 


[Book  V- 


a  chair."  "Mif  father'?"  suys  Tecumsch,  with  great  indignity  of  expression 
"  the  sun  is  myj'athtr,  and  the  earth  is  my  vujther ;  and  on  her  bosom  I  will  repusc  • '' 
aiid  iniruedititely  seated  liiiuself,  in  tiie  Indian  manner,  upon  tlie  ;;roiin(l.^ 

Tlie  figiit  at  Tij)i)ecaiu)e  Ibllowed  soon  after.  This  afiiiir  took  piaci!  in  tJie 
night  of  Nov.  6,  Itill,  iu  which  02  Americans  were  ivilled,  and  12(J  woiuidcd. 
Tecumseh  was  not  in  tliis  fight,  but  liis  brother,  the  Prophet,  condiicied  or 
ordered  tlie  attack.  During  the  action,  he  was  ])eribrniiiig  conjnnitions  on 
an  eminence  not  far  oft",  but  out  of  danger.  His  men  dispkiycd  great  Imsvciv 
and  the  fight  was  long  and  bloody.  Harmon  lost  some  of"  his  bravest  otK-' 
cers.  The  late  Colonel  Snelliyig,  of  Boston,  then  a  captain,  was  in  tliis  figiit 
and  took  prisoner  with  liis  own  hands  an  Indian  chief|  the  only  Indian  taken 
by  the  Americans.  The  natne  of  the  cajrtured  chiei"  we  do  not  Icain,  hut 
from  Ins  fear  of  being  taken  for  a  Shawanee,  it  is  evident  he  was  not  of  tiiat 
tribe.  When  lie  was  seized  by  Capt.  S7iellins;,  he  ejacidated,  with  lnnried 
accents,  "  Good  man,  me  no  Shawanee."  f  The  chiefs  White-lion  [  ffupamanfrwa ) 
Stone-eater  {Sanamahhonga,)  and  Winnemak,  were  conspicuous  at  tiiis  Time. 
The  latter  had  been  the  pretended  friend  of  the  governor,  but  now  apjicared 
his  enemy.     He  was  killed  the  next  year  by  the  lamented  L  i;nn. 

Just  before  liostilities  commenced,  in  a  talk  Governor  jirrison  had  with 
Tecumseh,  the  former  expressed  a  wish,  if  war  must  foh.iw,  that  cruelty  to 

Erisoners  shoidd  not  be  allowed  on  either  side.  Tecumseh  assured  him  tiiat 
e  w  ould  do  all  in  his  ])ower  to  prevent  it ;  and  it  is  believed  he  strii-ily 
adhered  to  this  resolution.  Indeed,  we  have  one  example,  which  has  ucvlt 
been  called  in  question,  and  is  worthy  the  great  mind  of  this  chief.  When 
Colonel  Dudley  was  cut  off,  and  near  400  of  liis  men,  not  far  from  Fort  Mei'fs 
by  .'ailing  into  an  ambush,  Tecumseh  arrived  at  the  scene  of  action  when  the 
Americans  could  resist  no  longer.  He  exerted  himself  to  put  a  stop  to  the 
massacre  of  the  soldiers,  which  was  then  going  on ;  and  meeting  wjtii  a 
Chippeway  chief  who  would  not  desist  by  persuasion  nor  threats,  he  buried 
his  tomaliawk  in  his  head.  \ 

It  is  said  that  Tecumseh  had  been  in  almost  every  important  batde  with  tljc 
Americans,  from  the  destruction  of  General  Harmer^s  army  till  his  death  upon 
tlie  Thames.  He  was  under  the  direction  of  General  Proctor,  in  this  lust 
great  act  of  his  life,  but  was  greatly  dissatisfied  with  his  course  of  jirocced- 
ings,and  is  said  to  have  remonstrated  against  retreating  before  the  Americans 
in  very  pointed  terms.  Perry's  victoi-y  had  just  given  the  Americans  the 
command  of  Lake  Erie ;  and  immediately  after.  Proctor  abandoned  Detroit, 
and  marched  his  majesty's  army  up  the  River  Thames,  accompanied  I)y  Gen- 
eral Tecumseh,  with  about  1500  warriors.  Harrison  overtook  llieni  near  the 
Moravian  town,  Oct.  5,  1813,  and,  after  a  bloody  battie  with  the  Indians, 
routed  and  took  prisoners  nearly  the  whole  British  army;  Proctor  saving 
himself  only  by  flight.  After  withstanding  almost  the  whole  force  of  the 
Americans  for  sotne  time,  Tecumseh  received  a  severe  wound  in  the  arm,  hut 
continued  to  fight  with  desperation,  until  a  shot  in  the  head  from  an  unknown 
hand  laid  him  prostrate  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight.  §  Of  his  warriors  120 
were  left  upon  the  field  of  battle. 

Thus  fell  Tecumseh,  in  the  forty-fourtli  year  of  his  age.  He  was  about  fivo 
feet  ten  inches  in  height,  of  a  noble  appearance,  and  a  perfectly  syninictiic.ii 
form.  "His  carriage  was  erect  and  lofty — his  motions  (piick — his  eyes  |)(ii- 
etrating — his  visage  stern,  with  an  air  of  hauteur  in  his  countenance,  whiili 
arose  from  an  elevated  pride  of  soul.  It  did  not  leave  him  even  in  death." 
He  is  thus  spoken  of  by  one  who  knew  him. 

At  the  battle  of  the  Thames,  a  chief  by  the  name  of  Shane  served  as  a 
guide  ti  Colonel  Johnson'»  ••egiment.  He  informs  us  that  he  knew  Tecumseh 
well,  and  that  lie  once  had  had  his  thigh  broken,  which  not  being  propcily 
set,  caused  a  considerable  ridge  in  it  always  after.  This  was  publislnd  in  ,i 
Kentucky  newspaper,  lately,  as  necessary  to  prove  that  the  Indian  kilhd  h)' 


*  Schoolcraft. 

t  James,  i.  '■»J\— Perkins,  221. 


t  Iiifbrmalion  of  liis  son,  W.  J.  i^nplling,  Esq.  of  Bnsion. 


!i  Tl)e  story  thai  he  fell  in  a  personal  rencounter  with  Colonel  Johnson,  must  no  loiiifpr  he 
ieved.     Facts  are  ejitirely  opposed   to  such  a  conclusion.     Indccu,  we  cuiinot  le;irii  lliat 
the  colonel  ever  claimed  the  honor  of  the  achievemcut. 


OOK   V- 


ession, 
'jiosc ; ' 
III.- 

;  ill  the 
>iiii(U'(l. 
I'K'd  or 
ions  ou 
ira\irv, 
est  olfi- 
is  tii:lit, 
.i\  taken 
ani,  but 
t  of  tliat 
iiun-iiij 
Kinirwa,) 
lis  time. 
Hipeared 

liad  with 
riiehy  to 
him  that 
B  strieily 
las  never 
:  When 
irt  Meifrs, 
when  tiie 
top  to  tlio 
)g  with  a 
he  buried 


t 


e  with  the 
eath  111)1111 
1  tliis  Uist 
jiroceed- 
nicricaus 
icaiis  tlie 
d  Detroit, 
d  hy  Gei>- 
1  near  the 
Indians, 
lor  saving' 
rcc  of  the 
e  arm,  liut 
\[  imkiiuwii 
irriors  I'iO 


about  fivo 
liiiiiietricid 

eyes  iieii- 
licc,  whicli 

in  death." 


:!rvcd  as  a 
Tecumuh 
yr  ])roi)cv'v 
llislii'd  ill  'I 
]n  iiill«<i  hy 


I,  of  Boston. 

Iiio  lon^pr  li« 
lot  loiini  llmt 


&'; 


J.T    ; 


A 


r* 


^ 


^l-n-|l  I  i:l-.si|.);: 


NlNl'l!  I  iliSir^KNT    ('!••    MTIK    IINITKIi  STAT  KS.  lii)",M    l-'Kli'i   III. 17/, I. 
INAU'GUIUTRU    MAHi'li  4  TH.  lUKl )   AI'KII.    l:il    IHIl. 


1 

'h^l 

r' 

*:: 

1 

'•i;!: 

if 

,')!  ■ 

riV: 

''''. 

y 

i^.^. 

1  uMsii  Yoi;    ','1  rf;i)i-:i(:![AMi  ihk.  ifiiiK  i'1ii\^.:ii'|.k.s  I'F  rut;  ij'Htknmkni 

I    Wr-H     Mll,:.l    .■■AKIilKl.      ilU.lASK    K(.||ilNC,    Mdl,!.-'.' 


Chap.  VII.] 

Colonel  Johnson  \vi\ 
even  on  tiic  diiy  of! 
were  Tecum.trh,  aii 
altlioii;ili  it  WHS  (1(m| 
tlicre  \v;is  a  <l(!niiii',| 
HO  pass,  tliinkin^  it 
tiioir  most  dreatlcd 
event,  many  felt  a  (l| 
friends;  but  when 
with  tlieir  opinion,  fl 
Tliat  the  Anicric;! 
victory,  by  oiitrajrinJ 
iijion  the  lifeless  boi 
meet  with  too  scvi-nl 
goine  of  thoni  as  niel 
(leiieral  Hnrrison,  at| 
Tiie  celebrated  speei 
warrior  "  to  (iencrall 
many  not  to  be  jrenl 
pvcjij  periodical  of  tl 
omit  it  bore.  The 
Another,  in  our  opini 
in  a  work  said  to  be 
authority  of  a  jjuijlie 
Among  the  skirmi 
rendered  the  nortb-\ 
spimous  part. 

Maiden,  situated 
considered  the  (Jibral 
first  object  would  be 
Cnjoiiei  jyrJlrihur  cai 
Terumseh.  About  4  i 
body  of  the  enemy;  ■• 
Colonel  Cass,§  in  efFe( 
lliat  in  a  ^^i'ew  days 
a^'ain  the  Americans  i 
1(1  reconnoitre,  that  ( 
enemy,  and  narrowly 
Indians  who  had  near 
Major  Va7}honi  was 
men,  to  convoy  150  O 
In  liis  second  day's  n 
Indians  nndr>r  Tecums 
were  (Japtains  M^Cu 
wounded.  The  rest  i 
Major  Vanhorn  hiiv 
the  8tli  of  August,  wii 
jinrts.  The  next  day 
?ii!>rd,  connnanded  by 
of  British  and  Indian? 
from  Detroit.  The  m 
began.  Captain  Snell 
inidcr  a  heavy  fire,  u 
Tiie  force  against  whi 


*  We  have  often  heard  i 
«hn  still  own  razor  straps 
t  John  Dunn  Hunter, 
4  Since  governor  of  Mi< 
|1  Urarkenridg'e,  Hist.  V 
^  til  this  officer's  porki 
account  of  his  having  kille 
"  Gilchrist,  commonly 
11* 


Chap.  VII.] 


TECU.MSEH.— BATTLE  OF  MAGAUGO. 


126 


Colonol  Johnson  was  Teninuich,  From  tlio  same  pa|)nr  it  would  pcpiii,  tliat, 
even  on  tlic  day  of  Imltlo,  it  was  tlonbtod  hy  sonio  wiit'tlK-r  lim  cliiof  killed 
were  Tecumaeh,  iin<l  that  n  critical  iinnKsst  was  held  over  his  I'ody;  and 
altlionjih  it  was  dtjcided  to  be  he,  yet  to  the  fiict  that  the  colonel  killed  him, 
there  was  a  dtMnnr,  even  then.  JJnt,  no  doid)t,  ::iany  wen;  willing  it  shonlcl 
so  |)a.ss,  thinkini^  it  a  matter  of  not  much  conseqnenco,  so  long  as  Ter.unvieh, 
du'ir  mo.st  dreaded  enemy,  was  actnally  slain;  and,  perhaps,  too,  so  near  ' 
event,  many  felt  a  delicacy  in  di^.■ientinf^  from  the  report  of  Colonel  Johnsmis 
frien(ls;  hnt  when  time  had  dispelled  such  jcialousy,  those  came  out  frankly 
witii  their  opinion,  and  hence  resnlted  the  actual  truth  of  the  case. 

That  the  .American  soldic-rs  should  have  dishonored  themselves,  after  their 
victory,  l»y  oiitrajrinif  all  decency  hy  acts  of  astonishinir  fcMocity  and  barbarity 
uj)on  the  lifeless  body  of  the  fallen  chief,  is  grievnus  to  mention,  and  cainiot 
meet  with  too  severe  condemnation.  J'ieces  of  his  skin  wen^  taken  away  by 
some  of  them  as  mementoes!*  He  is  said  to  have  borne  a  personal  enmity  to 
General  Harnxon,  at  this  time,  for  haviiifr  just  before  distroyed  bis  family. 
The  celebrated  s|)eech,  said  to  have  been  delivered  by  the  great  "Sbawaneso 
warrior"  to  (iencral  l^roctor,  before  tli<!  battle  of  tlu;  Thames,  is  believed  by 
many  not  to  lie  <remnne.  It  may  be  seen  in  evt^ry  history  of  t' c  war,  and 
evcij  periodical  of  that  day,  and  not  a  few  since,  even  to  this.  Tiitn-elbr;-  we 
omit  it  here.  TIk;  speech  of  Lofffni,  ])erha|)s,  has  iiot  circulated  wicUu*. 
Another,  in  our  opinion,  more  worthy  the  mijrhty  mind  if  Tixumseh,  pullished 
in  a  work  said  to  be  written  by  one  who  heard  it,f  is  now  generally  (on  tiie 
aithority  of  a  public  journal  J)  discanh.-d  as  a  fiction. 

Among  the  skirmishes  between  the  brdli'/erents  before  General  Hull  sur- 
rendered the  north-western  army,  Tecumsc,<.  and  his  Indians  acted  a  con- 
spicuous part. 

Maiden,  situated  at  the  junction  of  Detroit  River  with  Lake  Erie,  was 
considered  the  (Jibraltar  of  Canada,  and  it  was  exi)ected  that  GiMieral  Huirs 
liist  ol)ject  would  be  to  possess  himself  of  it.  In  a  movement  that  way, 
Colonel  jyPJirthur  came  very  near  being  cut  ofT  by  a  party  of  Indians  led  by 
Tecumseh.  About  4  miles  from  Maiden,  he  found  a  bridge  in  ))ossession  of  a 
hody  of  the  enemy;  and  although  the  bridge  was  carried  by  a  force  under 
foionel  Cdss,^  in  effecting  which,  11  of  the  enemy  were  killed,  yet  it  seeius, 
tiiiit  in  a  ^^i'ew  days  afterwards "  they  were  in  jiossession  of  it  again,  and 
asraiii  the  Americans  stood  ready  to  repeat  the  attack.  It  was  in  an  attempt 
to  reconnoitre,  that  Colonel  M''Jirth-r  "advanced  somewhat  too  near  the 
enoiny,  and  narrowly  escaped  being  cut  oft"  from  his  iiien"||  by  several 
Indians  who  had  nearly  prevented  his  retreat. 

Major  Vanhoni  was  (letached  on  the  4  August  from  Aux  Canards,  witb  200 
men,  to  convoy  1.50  Ohio  militia  and  some  provisions  from  the  River  Raisin. 
Ill  his  second  day's  march,  near  Brownstown,  he  fell  into  an  and)iisli  of  70 
Inilians  imder  Tecumseh,  who,  firing  upon  him,  killed  20  men  ;  among  whom 
wrc  Ca|)tains  M^Culloch,^  Bostler,  Gilcrease,**  and  Ubrij :  i)  more  were 
wounded.     The  rest  nuide  a  preci|)itate  retreat. 

Major  Fanhorn  having  failed  in  his  attempt.  Colonel  Miller  was  sent  on 
the  8tli  of  August,  with  (lOO  n)en  to  jJrotect  the  same  jirovisions  and  trans- 
pnrts.  The  next  day,  August  Dth,  about  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  the  van- 
sriicnl,  commanded  by  CnjUain  Snellins:,  was  fired  upon  by  an  extensive  line 
of  British  and  Indians,  at  the  lower  end  of  the  village  of  iMagango,  14  miles 
fioni  Detroit.  The  main  body  was  half  a  mile  in  the  rciU'  when  the  attack 
began.  Captain  Snellinsr  maintained  his  position  in  a  most  gallant  nnimier, 
iiiidpr  a  heavy  fire,  until  the  line  was  formed  and  advanced  to  his  relief. 
Tlie  force  against  which  the  Americans  were  now  contending  was  made  up 

*  We  have  often  heard  it  said,  l)iit  whether  in  truth  we  do  not  aver,  tliat  there  are  those 
»hn  still  own  razor  straps  made  of  it. 

t  Jnhn  Dunn  Hunter.  \  North  American  Review. 

{  Since  governor  of  Miohig-an,  and  now  secretary  of  war. 

i  Urackenridge,  Hist.  War,  31. 

^  III  this  officer's  pocket,  it  is  said,  was  found  a  letter  written  for  his  wife,  giving  an 
account  of  his  having  killed  an  Indian,  from  whose  head  lie  tore  liie  scalp  with  his  teeth. 

"  Gilchrist,  romnionjy  written. 
11* 


^;<ti 


:. '  mi 


' ,  ■  t 


136 


TECUMSEII, 


[Hook  V. 


of  n  body  of  SOO  Tiidiaiis  utnUn-  Tenimsth,  Ifalk-in-the-wakr,  Marpot,  ami  thn 
>iiu'(!  fmiKnis  lilmk-littivk,  niul  a  (•iinsidinilih!  iiiiiiitH>r  of  wliitcH  under  Maior 
Muir.     Tliey  wtio    tbniicd    hcliiiid   a    hreaHtwoik    of  fe'         tnu'N.     Wli'.i, 


fiicii  jr  ,(.raiifr  from  ilicir 


Colonel  j)/i7/f;- had  hronxlil  ids  men   into  line,  tlio 

hiding-places,  and  llniiicd  in  line  of  hatilc,  and  a  fierce  and'  upimllinir  stiit'b 
ensued.  Tlit^  Hritisli  and  Indian  iluce  was  oni;  tliird  frreater  tlian  ilie  Ameri- 
can, hut  nothiuf,'  could  withstand  them,  when  led  on  hy  fuch  otlicern  as 
Miller  and  >Sne}lin<;,  and  tin;  jrroiiiid  was  disputed  inch  l»y  inch  liir  iieur 
two  miles,  to  tla;  villafr(!  of  IJrownstown,  Here  the  JJritish  took  to  tiieir 
I  oats,  and  the  Indians  to  the  woods,  and  thus  the  hattle  closed.     It  was  owiii" 


to  a  disobedience    of  orders  on   the    part   of  the   cavalry,   that  the  liritish 
escaped  entire  destruction ;  l()r  ("oloiitl  Miller  ordered  them  to  rush  upon 
I  cut  them  up  wiien  their  gnus  were  unloaded,  and  their  ranks  were 
•<ioii,  but  they  would  not,  althoufjh  Captain  Sndlinir  ollered  to  lend 


them  and 

in  eoidtisioi 

them  in  person.     In  this  afKiir  the  Indians  and  JJritish  lost   100  killed  aiiii 

200  wounded,  and  the  Aniericans  had  IH  killed  and  M  woun«led.* 

A  Hritisli  writer  upon  the  late  war,  f  alter  havinp  related  the  battle  of  the 
Thames,  in  which  Tecumsth  t'ell,  says:  "It  seems  extraonlinary  that  (ieneriil 
Harrison  should  have  omitted  to  UKMition,  in  ins  letter,  tlie  death  of  a  chief 
whose  fall  contributed  so  larj^ely  to  bn-ak  down  the  Indian  spirit,  and  to  trivo 
peace  and  security  to  the  whole  north-western  iionjier  of  the  U.  t^tates. 
Tecuiniieli,  althoufih  he  had  received  a  musket-ball  in  the  left  arm,  was  still 
seeking  th(!  lioltcst  of  the  lire,"  when  he  received  the  mortal  >voun(l  in  tiie 
liead,  of  wliiidi  he  in  a  fvw  monu'iits  expired.  The  error,  which  lor  some 
titne  jirevailed,  of  his  beini;-  shot  by  Colonel  Johnson,  is  copied  into  tlii.s  author's 
work.  Tlu!  following  tiescriptions,  tiiough  hi  some  respects  erroneous,  me 
of  sufiicient  value  to  be  preserved. 

Tvcumseti  was  endowed  "with  more  than  the  usual  stoutness,  possessed  nil 
tli«!  agility  and  perseverance,  of  tlu;  Indian  character.  His  carriage  was 
dignilied  ;  bis  eye  jKuietraling;  his  countenance,  winch,  even  in  death,  be- 
trayed the  intlications  o\'  a  lolly  s|)irit,  rather  of  the  sterner  cast.  Had  he  not 
possessed  a  certain  austerity  ol"  maimers,  be  could  never  Jiuve  controlled  the 
wayward  passions  ol'  those  who  Ibllowed  him  to  battle.  He  was  of  a  silent 
habit ;  but,  when  his  ehxpience  became  roused  into  action  by  tlu;  reiterated 
eiicroaehments  of  the  Amerii^ans,];  his  strong  intellect  could  sup|)ly  hini  with 
a  flow  of  oratory,  that  cmabled  him,  as  he  governed  in  the  field,  so  to  pre- 
scribe in  the  council.  Those  who  consider  that,  in  all  territorial  (picstioiisi, 
the  ablest  diplomatists  of  the  I'.  States  are  sent  to  negotiate  with  the  In(lian>', 
will  readily  ajipreciate  the  loss  sustained  by  the  hitter  in  the  death  of  their 
cliampion.  The  Indians,  in  general,  are  fidl  as  fond  as  other  savages  of  the 
gaudy  decoration  of  their  ))ersons ;  but  Tecumseh  was  an  excej)tion.  ( "lotlies 
and  other  valuable  articles  of  spoil  h:ul  often  been  his ;  yet  he  invarialiiy 
wore  a  deerskin  coat  and  ])antaloons.  He  had  freqiamtly  levied  subsidies  to, 
com[)aratively,  a  large  amount ;  yet  lie  jireserved  little  or  nothing  lor  hiiiisilf. 
It  was  not  wealth,  but  glory,  that  was  Ttcumsih''s  ruling  |iassion.  Fatal  {lii\ ! 
wlien  the  'Christian  jieople'  first  p('iietratcd  the  forests,  to  teach  the  arts  of 
'civilization'  to  the  poor  Indian.  Till  then  water  had  been  his  only  bcverajre, 
and  himself  and  his  race  possessed  all  the  vigor  of  lianly  savages.  Now, 
no  Indian  opens  bis  lips  to  the  stream  that  ripples  by  his  wigwam,  while  lie 
has  a  rag  of  clothes  on  his  back,  wherewith  to  |)urchase  rum ;  and  he  and 
his  s<iuaw  and  his  children  wallow  through  the  day,  in  bi'astly  drunkenness. 
Instead  of  the  sturdy  warrior,  with  a  head  to  ))lan,  and  an  arm  to  execute, 
vengeance  U|)on  the  oppressors  of  his  country,  we  behold  the  puny,  besotted 
wretch,  squatting  on  Ids  hams,  ready  to  barter  his  country,  his  children,  or 
himself,  for  a  few  gulps  of  that  deleterious  compound,  which,  fiir  more  than 
the  arms  of  the  United  States,  [Great  Britain  and  France,]  is  hastening  to 
extinguish  all  traces  of  his  name  and  character.  Tecumseh,  himself,  in  early 
life,  had  been  addicted  to  intemj)erance ;  but  no  sooner  did  his  judgment 


*  Skf/ches  of  the  War,  i,  22.  t  Ji^mes,  i.  287,  &c. 

}  As  though  the  English  of  Canada  had  never  been  guilty  of  cucroacluncuts ! 


I 


CUAf.  VII.] 

(Icei(h)  against,  tl 
Bevond  ,„„.  ,j,.  i^y 
it  Was  Naid  not 
permit  his  wanioi 
power,  hut  ll-oi„  I 
and  Indians,  7Vra; 
surrender,  (Jenera 
the  prisoners  ;  to  i 
with  thdii." 

Soni'  of  the  Ki 
States'  si^rvicc  so  a 


I  y 


lis  behovi!  to  ()U( 
i""l«'%  if  they  ha 
was  a  more  wilv  el 
imtiiral  abilities"  inl 
see  no  reason  to  U, 
Kiiro|iean  warfare  i 
course  with  the  wlii 
military  tactics  than 
or  contemporaries. 

A  nulitary  man,*  ; 
jiidg<!  of  position,  , 
the  whole  comitrv  tl 
iiicating  the  hifbnnn 
course  of  spectators, 
he  asked  Temmseh  m 
case  of  his  proceedii 
tending  it  on  the  gro 
knile,  aiul  with  the  p( 
try,  its  hills,  woods,  r 
was,  for  the  purpose 
had  pn!pared  it.     l»|e 
his  having,  by  iiis  chi 
mediate  party,  to  cro.^ 
and  militia,  General  i 
his  sash,  and  jihiced  i 
honor  with    evident 
sash.    General  Brock, 
interpreter  for  an  ex 
that  Tccumeh,  not  w 
alder,  and,  as  Ik;  said, 
the  sash  to  the  Wvan 
Thi'  |)lace  of  tjiis 
iicioio  Kiver,  „ear  win 
JWmcIi  means, //,>/,/y, 
w4.    Ifis  mother's  n 
kr  c^fTs  in  the  sand.    . 
three  sons  :-~Ellskwa( 
fropki ;  Tecumseh,  ^v 
>'?ertl,at_fliesintheni, 
VV<!  will  here  preset i 
gungi!,  in  the  Lord's  Pi 

Coe-tlln-a,  spim-i-key 
m-i-tum-any-pau-iidl 
o^^-lcey-kie  pi-se,,  spim 
fa-mp-a-ki  tiKk-whan 
I  '^^-^■tiim-a  ma-chil-i-i 
m-si-loo  wait  po  tonn- 
^■si-cut-i-ive-way  thaij 

*  Mr-  James,  ut  supra. 


Cma^-.  VII.] 


TECUMSEH. 


187 


I  the 
tajor 

t'llCIl 

llicir 
suite 

IIUMl- 

rs  us 
II  far 
tlieir 

Iritisli 
ii|i()n 
i  were 
^  lend       |,,; 
(I  and      p 

of  the      I 
Iciii'rni 
I  cliii't', 
to  \:\\ii 
t^tates.       ,: 
k  as  titill      ':', 
I  ill  tlie 
)!•  some 
uitlior's 
JUS,  are 

isscd  nil 

igc  was 

iatli,  be- 
et lie  not 

liled  tlie 

'  a  silrnt 
iterated 

lim  with 

1)  to  pre- 
iestioii!<, 
Indiana, 
of  their 
•s  of  the 
C'lotlies 
iviniatiiy 
idles  tn, 
'  liiinsi'lt'. 
atal  day ! 
ic  arts  of 
M'veraire, 
Now, 
wliiie  he 
il  lie  and 
duMiness. 
execiito, 
besotted 
ildien,  or 
[lore  than 
Iteiiiiifl  "^ 
;  in  early 
judgment 


dec.ido   iigaiiiHt,  timii    \m  niMolutioii  oiiahltul  liiin  to  quit,  ho  viln  a  iiabiu 
B«yoii(l  our  or  two  ffjasses  of  wine,  be  never  athsrwanls  indiil^'ed." 

It  was  said  not  to  bo  from  frood  will  to  tlie  Ainericaus,  tbat  bit  woidd  not 
permit  iiis  warriors  to  e\ereis«f  any  eriudty  ii|ion  tliem,  wbcn  fallen  into  tbeir 
power,  l»ut  from  |)riuei|tle  alon(!.  VVIieii  Dtsfroit  was  taken  by  tlie  Uritish 
and  Indians,  l\'ninwh  was  in  llie  action  at  tlie  li(«ad  of  tlie  latter.  After  tbo 
surrender,  (jeneral  lirock  reqiiesttMl  liini  not  to  allow  bis  Indians  to  ill-treat 
the  prisoners;  to  wiiieii  bo  replied, ''jVb.'  /  despise  them  loo  nmchlu  meddle 
with  Hum" 

Som  '  of  tlio  Kiifjlisb  bavo  said  tbat  tbero  wen;  lew  ollietrs  in  tlie  U. 
States'  .service  so  able  to  command  in  tin;  field  as  Tenuiisch.  'I'iiis  it  will  not 
us  litdiovo  to  (piestion;  hut  it  would  better  liavc  beconit!  siicli  speecli- 
iiiakers,  if  timy  bad  a(bled,  "in  liis  pcicniiar  mode  of  warfare."  'I'liat  be 
was  a  more  wily  cliief  tliaii  MishikiiKikwii,  may  bo  doiibtcul ;  tbat  eitlier  bad 
iiutural  abilities  iiiforior  to  iboso  of  (ieneral  //Wi/«r,  or  (Jeiieial  lirock,  wo 
see  no  reason  to  believe.  liiit  tliis  is  no  arf,'uni<'nt  tbat  tliey  could  practise 
Kuropean  warfans  as  vv(dl  as  those  ffenerals.  It  is  obvious,  from  bis  inter- 
course with  the  whites,  tbat  Terumseh  must  have  boon  better  skilled  in  tlioir 
military  tactics  than  most,  if  not  all,  of  bis  countrymijn,  whether  |iredecessors 
or  eontomporaries. 

A  nfditary  man,*  as  wo  apprebind,  says,  "He  [Tcruiiuieh]  was  an  excidlent 
jiid^e  of  position,  and  not  only  kiitnv,  but  could  point  out  the  localities  of 
the  wboi(!  country  through  which  ho  bad  passed."  "  liis  (iicility  ol"  comnm- 
iiicating  the  Information  Ik^  had  aci|iiired,  w.is  thus  displayed  beliire  a  c(ui- 
roiirse  of  spectators.  Previously  to  (.'eneral  W;oc/.'.«  crossing  over  to  Detroit, 
he  nskod  Tecwmeli  what  sort  of  a  country  he  should  have  to  pass  through  in 
case  of  ills  proceeding  farther.  Tecmimh,  taking  a  roil  of  olm-bark,  and  ex- 
tending it  on  tbo  ground  by  moans  of  four  stones,  drew  t'orth  bis  scalping- 
knife,  and  with  the  point  presently  etcliod  upon  the  bark  a  |dan  of  the  coun- 
try, its  bills,  woods,  riviirs,  morasses,  and  roads;  a  plan  wliicdi,  il'iiot  as  neat, 
was,  for  tbo  purpose  required,  fully  as  intcdiigiblo  us  W  .flrrowsmith  himselt' 
Imd  pre|)arod  it.  Pleased  witli  this  unexpected  talent  in  Teciunseh,  also  with 
his  having,  liy  his  charactciristic  boldness,  iudiUMtd  tbo  Indians,  not  id"  his  im- 
mediate party,  to  cross  the  Detroit,  prior  to  the  embarkation  of  tli(>  regulars 
and  militia,  G(^neral  Brock,  as  soon  as  tb(!  business  was  over,  publicly  took  off 
Ms  sash,  and  placed  it  round  the  body  of  the  eliiof.  Tccumse.h  received  the 
honor  with  evident  gratification,  but  was,  the  next  day,  s(^';n  without  his 
sash.  General  Brock,  fisaring  something  bad  displeased  tbo  Indian,  sent  bis 
hiterjireter  for  an  explanation.  The  latter  soon  returned  with  an  account 
that  Tecunuieh,  not  wishing  to  wear  such  a  mark  of  distinction,  wIkmi  an 
older,  and,  as  he  said,  abler,  warrior  than  himself  was  present,  hud  transf(Mred 
the  sash  to  tbo  Wyandot  chief  Round-head" 

T\v  place  of  this  renowned  warrior's  birth  was  ni)on  tbo  banks  of  the 
Scioto  Uiver,  near  what  isnowCbillicotbo.  His  father's  name  was  Ptikirsbeno, 
which  UKiaiiH,  [  liffldj'romjlyins^.  Ho  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  Kanliawa,  in 
1774.  His  motlu'r's  name  was  Meetheeinshe,  which  signifies,  a  turtle  loi/ing 
li(Tf£fgs  in  Ihesnnd.  She  died  among  tbo  Cherokeos.  She  had,  at  one  birth, 
three  sons: — Ellskwalawa,  which  signifies,  a  door  opened,  was  called  the 
Prcphet ;  Tecumseh,  wliich  is,  a  tiger  crouching  for  his  prey ;  and  Kumskaka,  a 
tiger  that  flies  in  the  air.  f 

We  will  here  present  the  reader  with  a  specimen  of  the  Shawanee  lan- 
guage, in  the  LorcTs  Prayer. 

Coe-tJ  in-a,  spim-i-key  yea-taw-yan-oe,  o-wes-sa-ycg  ycy-sey-tho-ynn-ae :  Dny- 
fole-i-lum-any-pay-itch  ilia-key,  yea-issi-tay-hay-yon-ae  issi-nock-i-key,  yoe-ina 
mis-key-kie  pi-sey  spim-i-key,  Me-li-na-key  oe  imo-ki  cos-si-kie  ta-wa-it-thin  oe 
^ta-wnp-a-ki  tuck-whan-a ;  piick.-i-tum-i-wn-loo  kne-won-ol-i-lhey'Way,  Yea-st' 
,  ick-i-tum-a  ma-chil-i-toio-e-ta  thick-i  ma-chnw-ki  tus-sy-neigh-piick-sin-a  iva- 
mm-si-loo  imu  po  toon-ot-i-they  ya  key-la  tay  pale-i-lum-any  lony  tms-sn  kit 
v!(is-si-cut-i-we-way  thay-pay-we-way4 


'd? 


:Q; 


*  Mr  James,  ut  supra,  t  Schoolcrafl.  \  Carey's  Miiscmn,  vi.  318,  ((nr  17f!;i.) 


128  KI,I-SIC\VATA\VA,  'VUK  PROPHET.  [Book  V 

III  1820,  the  only  siirviviiij;  son  of  Teciim^rh,  ■  liosc  nanio  ih  PurhtUu; 
\\\i'u\t  s\pnl'u'»  ciuuchiiifr  or  W(itrlunfr  his  ji/rij,  Ui\  IIk;  Oliio  to  sntlc  l)c\(iiiii 
tli(!  iMi.x^issippi.*  'J'liis  son,  wlitiii  his  liilhcr  was  slain,  was  lif;hiin;r  h\  Irs 
tiidi'.  "TIk!  [irinci!  rcfifnt,"  says  Mr.  Jamc.i,  "in  IHIl,  ont  of  n  spi-cl  i,,'  t||"y 
ini-niory  to  the  old,  sent  ont  as  a  prrsiMit  to  tin'  yoini;,'  Tccuinsih  a  hmidsonic 
.sword;"  and  thfn  closes  this  |mraffra|tli  with  this  most  savajrc  laincritntioM- 
"  Uidiirtnnaloly,  however,  i'or  the  Indian  caus(!  and  connlry,  finnt  are  iIk) 
pros|)ects  that  Ttrunmh  llio  son  will  ever  etpial,  in  wisdom  or  prou'e>is 
Ttcum.sch  the  lath<'r."t  "' 

l'"-Ll,SK\VA'rA\V.\.  Althonjrli  W(!  have  ffiven  some  important  lacts  in 
tlie  !if(!  of  this  im|)nst()r,  tlitM'e  are  some  eirenmstances  wiiieh  elaiin  to  he 
related.  Atlor  tiie  termination  of  the  war  of  IHI'2,  he  received  u  pension 
from  tli(^  ffovernment  of  (Jrcat  IJritain,  and  resided  in  (^-mada.  In  lHO(i  |i,, 
Avas  prevailed  upon  to  leave  that  eonntry,  and  w'ent,  with  others,  to  settle  hf. 
yoiid  th«!  Missi>sippi.  At  the  same  timt;  also  went  the  only  snrviviiig  son  of 
Tecuin.'icli. 

l"Miich  has  been  said  and  written  about  the  Prophet;  and,  as  is  geiiendly 
the  case,  ilu;  accounts  vary,  in  proportion  to  their  multiplicity.  From  a  welf. 
writt(;n  article  in  a  I'orei^rn  periodical,^  it  is  said  that,  (ltn-in<r  the  fii>t  ."iO  years 
of  his  life,  he  was  remarkable  for  iiothin<r  except  bis  stupidity  and  into'vicji. 
tion.  In  liis  .'iOtb  year,  while  in  the  act  of  li^ibtinj,'  bis  pijte,  be  (ill  Imck  in 
liis  cal)iu,  n|)on  his  bed  ;  and,  continuing  for  some  tiuK;  lilMess,  to  all  iipnear- 
nnces,  preparations  wiM'e  made  for  his  interment;  and  it  was  not  luitil  the 
iribe  was  asse'mbjed,  as  usual  on  such  oet^asions,  and  they  werenn  the  act  of 
removing  liini,  that  lie  revived.  His  first  words  were,  " /^o/i'/ ie  o/(;n»((/.  / 
have  seen  heaven.  Call  the  nation  tui^ether,  that  I  inaj/  tell  them  what  has  tmnnred 
to  me."  When  they  were  assendihid,  be  tol<l  them  that  tw;  beautil'ul  yoiiu" 
men  had  been  sent  from  heaven  l)y  tin;  (Jreat  Spirit,  who  s[)oke  thus  to  liiin" 
— The  (jlreat  Spirit  isauj^^ry  with  you,  and  ^viil  destroy  all  the  red  men:  iuiles.s 
you  refrain  from  drimkeimess,  lyinjr  and  sKialinj.',  and  turn  yourselves  to  liini 
you  shall  never  enter  the  beautiful  jjlace  which  we  will  now  show  you."  IJo 
was  then  condiu-ted  to  the  gates  of  heaven,  from  wbi>nc(!  be  coiild  helioM 
all  its  beauties,  but  was  not  |termitted  to  enter.  Afti'r  imdergoinff  several 
lioiu's'  tjmtali/ation,  from  extrem(!  desire  of  participating;  in  its  indescrihahio 
joys  and  pleasures,  he  was  dismissed.  His  conductors  told  him  to  tell  all 
tlie  Indians  what  be  had  seen;  to  re|)ent  of  their  ways,  and  tbey  would  visit 
him  again.  My  authority  says,  that,  on  the  Prophet\i  visiting  the  neiglilioriiijf 
nations,  bis  mission  had  a  good  effect  on  their  morals,  &c.  IJnt  this  part  of 
his  story,  at  least,  is  at  variance  with  facts;  for  none  would  lie.Mr  to  him,  ex- 
cept the  most  abandoned  young  warriors  of  those  tribes  be  visited,  and  their 
miserable  condition  in  colonizing  themselves  upon  the  Wabash,  in  1811,  is 
well  known,  '^n 

There  was  an  earth(|iiake  said  to  have  tak«!n  jilace  in  the  Creek  country, 
in  December,  181 1. 1|  TIk;  Prophet  visited  the  Creeks  in  the  previous  August, 
and  "  pronounced  in  tlw  jiiddic  .square,  that  shortly  a  lamp  would  apjx  ar  in 
the  west,  to  aid  him  in  bis  hostile  attack  upon  the  whites,  and,  if  they  would 
not  b  ■  influenced  by  bis  persuasion,  the  eartli  would  ere  long  tre'nble  to  its 
centre.  This  circumstance  has  had  a  |)owerfnl  effect  on  the  minds  of  these 
Lidians,  and  would  certaiidy  have  led  them,  generally,  to  have  united  with  the 
northern  coalition,  had  it  not  b»;en  for  the  interposition  of  travellers."  This 
statement  was  made  by  a  Mr.  Francis  M^Henrjf,  in  the  Georgia  Journal,  to 
contradict  that  ever  any  such  eartlKjuake  did  take  place,  and  by  which  \vc 


*  Johnson's  Iiid.  Nar.  217. 

i  The  New  Monlhly  Miigazinc. 

^  Tliis  famous  vision  oi' the  Propliet  will  compare  in  strangfcness  with  that  o." /\>;)os/i, 
head  chief  of  the  Delaware  nation,  related  by  Loskeil,  (ii.  lit.)  He  lay  to  nil  a|)))r;iri\iice 
dead  for  three  days.  In  his  swoon,  he  saw  a  man  in  white  robes,  who  exhibited  a  calalo^ne 
of  the  people's  sins,  and  warned  him  to  repent.  In  174!t,  he  was  about  f!0  years  of  a^L'.  and 
was  baptized  by  the  name  of  Solomon.  We  have  related  in  Rook  HI.  an  account  of 
Sqnamln's  vision  ;  and  others  might  be  mentioned. 

{{  "The  earthquakes,  which,  in  1811,  almost  destroyed  the  town  of  New  MaHri<l  of  the 
Mississippi,  wcr<!  verv  sensibly  felt  on  the  upper  portion  of  the  Missouri  country,  and  occa- 
sioned much  superstitious  dread  amongst  the  Indians."    Long^s  Expedition,  i.  272. 


Chap.  VII.] 

If^'ii'ii  that  timt  pan 

tli.it  jil.-ices  Ii,„|  I,,., 

tmiy  to  state  that  1 

]i:ive  amioMiiced  e 

iiiitiiority  of  «„  jvj 

"ut  the  a^r,.  „,•  ,r,^  , 

mdered  as  linally  | 

•Montreal,  wliere,  ta 

ill  this  .sjmco  receiy 

known."     The  r,mi 

iw  a  barbingor  of  ( 

I  rnnhct  *  s&,7a;1  to  f 

I  hi  was  .said  to  J inv 
simiway  towns  were 
Cumphell;  hut  this  m 

HOUND-HEADv 
tieastwar.  He  ^^^ 
I'"'  iiivei-  Itjiisi,,.  T 
»'inchestcr's  fpiartert 
',''•;  nght  cojinnence 
(allfii  upon  by  the 
iiound-head  seized  w 
severe  cold  morniiij. 
snow.  '^ 

Our  chief,  in  a  mat 
liiniseir  of  ;,is  great  < 
to  protect  iiim  from  t 
uiifi]  lie  had  got  on  th 
111  tin's  condition,  tliat 
miicli  persuasion  tJiat 
and  it  wjis  with  still  n 
iie  iiud  so  short  a  time 
TJiis  was  a  most  dif 
tiinul,  according  to  tlu 
the  American  ;  ||  and 
immediately  after. 

In  Colonel  Proctor's 
of  the  conddpt  of  the 
zeal  and  courage  of  t 
tliiiii  on  this  occasioi 
liruvery." 

Colonel  Proctor  has 
sin.  It  was  said  that  1 
and  then  paid  no  atten 
Indians  in  their  harbai 
dread,  that  they  mifrht 
tlie  IJrifisb  bistoriaiis  sj 
discretion,"  and  not  "  o 
wing  allowed  to  retai 
returned  to  them,"  as  si 
il'ia  heen  the  understan 
"■fill  drawn  up  ;  but,  in 


t  Military  Occurrences,  i.  '2<S3.  M   'fl'nis.     Stripped   to  'hi- 


Unhrrf,  who  publishec 
?oliiu.7V<yw,.says,  "■ 
»laiid:lHaImake„odonb, 
refunn,i,n;a(iery„„„„„,sV 
lioul.i  ever  read  this  speech 
"ons  to  prove  that  he  Is  a /;, 
Halcyon  Luminary,  i.  a 
I  I  crkms  s  Late  War,  100 
I  llioinson  has  522.     Uisi 


CitAP.    VII.] 


ROUND-IFEAD. 


129 


111,  »"X- 

tlu'ir 
fill,  is 

•niiiitry, 

Aiiiiiist, 
ii'iir  in 

Wdllill 

to  its 

r  tlicsc 

with  the 

This 

iiniiil,  to 

licit  wc 


jriuii  tlmt  tlint  pnrt  of  tlin  siiporHtitioiis  world  r';;,lly  lit-Iiovcd  that  it  Imd,  and 
tli.it  j)l:icrH  iiad  hccii  iictiially  Hiink.  'ri'<'  saim^  i-oiniminicaiit  wayH,  "  I  liavo 
only  li»  statn  that  [  liavt?  coiiifortahly  rc|i(is(!il  in  lioii.scs  wlicrt!  mnvspaprrM 
li;ivi'  aiiiioiiiiccd  every  disa|i|»earaiuv!  of  eartli."  lit;  states  idso,  upon  tlio 
mithoiity  of  "a  Mv.  Chmlhuiy,  an  l''iii;,'lisli  f;(!ntlenian,  from  Ciiieliec,"  tliut, 
•'at  till!  a;,a;  of  I."),  this  Indian  disappeared  from  iiis  relatives,  and  was  con- 
sidered as  iiiially  lost.  That  he  strolled  to  (.inebee,  luid  from  tlieneo  to 
Montreal,  where,  tai\  ii  as  a  pilot  to  Halifax,  he  remained  several  years  ;  and 
ill  tliis  spaee  received  an  edncalion  tpialilying  him  to  act  tlio  part  already 
'viiouii."  The  comet  of  1811  was  viewed  i»y  many,  tliroufihout  the  conntry, 
:;s  a  harhinfjer  of  evil,  and  it  was  upon  this  secminf,'  advantage  that  tho 
Vnmhvi  *  seized  to  frichtim  his  red  brethren  into  his  schemes,  f 

lie  was  said  to  have  Ixsenkilknl  on  the  18  November,  181'2,  when  the  Missis- 
siiwnvay  towns  were  destroyed  on  the  Wabash  by  u  detachment  under  Colonel 
t'umphell;  but  this  was  only  a  rumor  of  the  day. 

HOUND-IIEAD  was  a  Wyandot,  and  fought  against  the  Ameri'^ans  in 
the  last  war,  lie  was  very  conspicuous  in  the  battle  at  rrenchtown  upon 
llic  River  llaisin.  The  Indiiui  force  in  this  affair  was  about  1000,|  (icnerul 
If'inchestcr^s  cpiarters  were  at  1  or  200  yin*ds  from  the  main  army  when 
the  fight  commenced,  and,  in  an  endeavor  to  render  it  Jtssistance,  was 
liillcn  upon  by  the  Wyandots,  and  himself  and  attetidants  captured. 
Round-head  seized  upon  General  Wincheshr  with  his  own  liands.  It  was  u 
severe  cold  morning,  22  January,  1813,  and  the  ground  was  covered  with 

!-IIOV\'. 

Our  chief,  in  a  manner  tridy  characteristic,  obliged  the  general  to  divest 
himself  of  Lis  great  coat  and  all  his  uniform.  With  nothing  but  his  shirt 
to  protect  him  from  the  cold, /foiuifZ-^arf  condu'ied  him  to  a  fire,  but  not 
until  he  had  got  on  the  general's  cocked  hat,  '.uiiform  coat,  vest,  &c.  It  was 
ill  this  condition,  that  Colonel  Proctor  foinid  him ;  and  it  was  not  without 
much  persuasion  that  the  stern  warrior  relinquished  his  important  captive ; 
aiul  it  was  with  still  more  reluctance,  that  he  gave  up  the  uniform,  in  which 
he  had  so  short  a  time  to  strut  about  and  show  himself  to  his  countryrnen.§ 

This  was  a  most  disastrous  expedition  for  the  Americans:  538  were  cap- 
timul,  according  to  the  British  accor.ut,  which  does  not  differ  materially  from 
tiie  American ;  ||  and  300  killed  in  the  battle,  and  massacred  by  the  Indians 
immediately  after. 

In  Colonel  Proctor's  official  accoiuit  of  this  afftiir,  he  speaks  in  high  terms 
of  the  conduct  of  the  Indian  chiefs  and  warriors.  His  words  are:  "The 
zeal  and  courage  of  the  Indian  department  were  never  more  conspicuous 
timn  on  this  occasion,  and  the  Lidian  warriors  fought  with  their  usual 
hruvcry," 

Coldnel  Proctor  has  been  much  censured  for  his  conduct  at  the  River  Rai- 
sin. It  was  said  that  he  agreed  to  the  terms  asked  for  by  General  Winchester, 
ami  then  paid  no  attention  to  their  observance,  but  rather  countenanced  the 
hiiliiuis  in  their  barbarities,  thinking  thereby  to  strike  the  Americans  with 
diciid,  that  they  might  be  deterred  li-om  entering  the  service  in  future.  But 
the  British  historians  say  that  "the  whole  of  tho  left  division  surrendered  at 
discretion,"  and  not  "  on  condition  of  their  being  ])rotectcd  from  the  savages, 
luiiig  allowed  to  retain  their  private  property,  and  having  their  side-arms 
rf'tiirned  to  tluiin,"  as  stated  by  General  ffinchester:  for,  Mr.  /ames  adds, "  had 
this  licen  the  understanding,  one  may  suppose  that  some  writing  would  have 
lififiii  drawn  up  ;  but,  indeed.  Gen.  Winchester  was  not  in  a  condition  to  dictate 
toinis,    Strij)ped  to  his  shirt  and  trowsers,  and  suffering  exceedingly  from 

*  Liimhort,  wlio  pul)lishe(l  three  volumes  of  (ravels  in  America  in  1810,  (London,)  inspeak- 
'.njol'iho /'ro/j/ic<,  says,  "  Tlius  wo  find,  that  proplicis  are  not  confined  to  our  own  iuippy 
island:  tint  I  make  no  doubt,  that  many  of  our  sealed  countrymen  and  countrywomen,  who 
are  running  after  Joanna  Houtliroit  from  one  end  of  ilie  kingdom  to  the  other,  will  (if  llicy 
sliouhl  ever  read  Uiis  speech)  turn  up  tlieir  nose  at  the  Indian,  and  quote  a  text  from  lleveia- 
tioiisi  to  prove  thai  he  is  a  false  proplicl."     Lambert,  i.  3%. 

t  Halcyon  Luminary,  i.  '205,  litc.  New  York,  (June,)  1812. 

t  Perkins's  Late  War,  100.  $  James,  Miiit.  Occurrences,  i.  188. 

i  Thomson  lias  322.     Hist.  Sketches,  104. 


liii- 


**     M      'I 


!k 


III 


130 


VVALK-IN-TIIF.-WATER. 


[H.M.K  V. 


the  01)1(1,  t|,«'  Aim  rican  jjcticnil  was  li)iiiiil  liy  T'ol.  I'rorlor,  iwar  to  one  ,,\'  ij,,. 
Iiiilian  Cuts,  in  posscHsidii  dl"  iIm!  W'vaiiilot  I'liirf  Uintnil-hvml.'^ 

So,  ai'coidiiii^  to  tlir  iii(lf.'iiM'iit  of  tliis  liistoriaii,  ('(»l()iicl  Prortor  was  iiiiilir 
no  <)lilii,'ati(ni  K  keep  his  word,  lieeause  tliere  was  "no  writiiij;"  wiili  \,\^ 
name  to  it.  Tiit  liisforiaii  tlial  will  even  set  up  a  defenee  iiir  treaelierv  inav 
caleulalc!  with  ci  rtaiiity  upon  the  valu<!  posterity  will  set  ii|iom  his  wmk 
We  want  no  other  than  ('olonel  t'rod()r\t  own  account  from  which  to  con- 
demn him  of,  at  lea^t,  ^'reat  want  of  humanity.  We  do  nut  pretend  that  tin; 
Americans  were  always  I'vcv  I'rom  thi'  same  charges;  hut  we  would  as  soon 
Hcorn  their  extenuation  iis  that  (»f  their  enemies. 

Jiound-hml  \\i\^  present  with  d'eueral  liiork  inu\  Tecuinsih  when  they  todk 
possession  of  Detroit,  on  the  l.''»  Aujrust,  |F<I'.*.  When  ahout  to  cross  flu. 
river  to  lay  w'^r  to  Detroit,  (irneral  liror.k  present  id  TtcnmHvh  with  his  red 
sush.  This  chief  iiad  loo  much  goods<'nse  to  wear  it,  well  knowin;;  it  woiilii 
rreate  Jealousy  amonjf  the  otiier  chiefs,  who  considered  themselves  e(|iiii| 
with  liim;  he  therefore  presented  it  to  lloiind-hmd,  as  has  heen  mentioned  in 
tlio  life  j)f  Tecuinsth. 

Wiiether  tins  ciiief  were  more  wise  than  Tecumseh,  in  tin;  last  affair  in 
which  the  latter  was  engaged,  we  are  tmabic!  to  say;  hut  it  appears  iiighly 
probable  that  the  conduct  of  (Je'iieral  Proctor  was  tiie  cause  of  hi.s  l^ia" 
abandoned  by  most,  if  not  all  the  Wyaiidota,  jtrevious  to  the  battle  of  i||^ 
Thames.*  As  ftoinif/-/ic«(/ was  their  chief,  to  him  will  be  attributed  the  caiisu 
of  their  wise  proceeding. 

The  following  letter,  written  after  the  buttle  of  the  River  Raisin,  (we  con- 
elude,)  ia  worthy  of  u  pluce  here. 

"  The  Hiirons,  and  the  other  tribes  of  Indiaits,  assembled  at  the  Miami  liniiids 
to  the  inhabitanis  of  the  River  Raisin. — FViends,  listen !  You  have  alwuijs  lubl  us 
you  ivoidd  give  us  ani/  assistance  in  your  power.  fVe,  therefore,  as  the  cn'em>i  is  ap- 
proaching us,  mthin  25  miles,  call  upon  you  all  to  rise  up  and  come  here  immedlnlchi, 
orins;injr  your  arms  along  with  you.  Should  you  fad  at  this  time,  ice  will  not 
consider  you  in  future  as  friciuls,  and  the  consequences  may  be  veni  unpten.innt. 
We  are  well  convinced  you  have  no  tenting  forbidding  you  to  assise  (ts.  fit  are 
your  friends  at  present. 

Round-liead  ft  I'is  mark. 
Jfalk-in-the-ivater  @  his  mark,  f" 

•  WALK-IN-TIIE-WATER  also  signalized  himself  in  these  events.  His 
native  nam(!  i:;  Myeerah.  lie  is  a  Huron,  of  the  tribe  of  the  Wyandots,  and, 
in  IH 17,  resided  on  a  reservation  in  Michijraii,  at  a  village  called  Magimirii, 
near  BrrAvnstown.  Mr.  Brown,  in  his  valual)le  Wester.n  Gazf.ttf.i;k,  justly 
styles  this  liunoiis  chief  one  of  "nature's  nobles."  The  unfortunate  (Ji  ncnil 
Hull  mentions  him  as  one  of  the  principal  "among  the  vast  ninnber  of  cliidis 
who  led  the  hostile  bands"  of  the  west  when  the  war  of  181'^  comnienccil. 
The  Kaskaskias  Wyandots,  in  1814,  were  nearly  ecpially  divided  bitwecu  a 
chief  called  Tarhe,  wiiieh  siginfies  the  Crane,  and  Myerrah.  The  lt)ruier\vas 
called  the  grand  chief  of  the  nation,  and  resided  at  Sandusky.  lie  w;is  a 
Very  venerable  and  intelligent  chicif.  \\\  iWi,  .Myeerah  told  sonn)  Anicricim 
officers  who  were  sent  to  the  Indians  to  secure  their  tiivor,  that  the  Anieiiiiin 
goverinnent  was  acting  very  wrong  to  send  an  army  into  their  comitry,  which 
would  cut  off  their  connnunication  with  Canada.  The  Indians,  he  said,  were 
their  own  masters,  and  would  trade  where  they  pleased ;  that  the  afiiiir  (it'tlm 
Wabash  was  the  fault  of  General  Harrison  entirely.  lie  connnaiidctl  tlie 
Indian  army  with  Round-head  at  tiie  batth;  oftlii;  River  Raisin. 

After  the  battle  of  the  Thames,  in  which  also  JValk-in-the-water  was  a  con- 
spicuous connnander,  he  went  to  Detroit  to  make  i)eace,  or  rather  to  ask  it  (if 
General  Harrison.  In  crossing  from  Sandwich  with  a  whit<!  flag, many  were 
attracted  to  the  shore  to  see  him,  where  also  were  drawn  up  the  Keiitncky 
volunteers.    All  were  struck  with  admiration  at  his  noble  aspect  and  feailt:>g 

*  General  Harrison's  offirial  letter,  among  Brannans  OJjlcial  Doc.  p.  237. 
t  Englith  Barbarities,  132. 


Chap.  VI/.] 

pnrriape,  oh  ho  nscor 
(li'Tx.  The  irnwitesf 
chfdiinrr  was  npon  li 
(•niciilated  to  discovi 
Ix'li'ie,  he  |,„.|  (i.iijri, 
lie  now  passed  thrrn, 
We  have  not  bean 
rah  ;  but,  whether  al 
I  lii."  contem|)orarv,  '/'< 
:  cninicil  an  .Ignmnnm 
Mi/irrah.  Th(!  se.pi,. 
Hlicre  he  (ignres  nnd 
nt  Detroit  between  tli 
and  the  I'nifed  States 
liist-named  inhe.  ||'j 
l!'Of^,  anotjicr  treaty  v 
addition  „f  f^yo  d.|,. 
>ii.'ii"d  at  this  timi'.  1 
I'ort  Industry  in  180."), 
Less  is  known  of  ||' 
joniethinir,  f|,,.,„  „fn,;i 

T^:^'()\JM[()Kl:| 

miller  tlie  appellation  . 
}m-sn^n,  [180-J  or  .5,] 
iHwsiiion  and  a  vigor 
on  all   wlio   uvre   int 
liiirli  degree,  the  (pialiti 
nd  at  the  upper  rooms, 
A  young  F-ngJislunan, 
wcral  abrupt  cpiestio 
Ilk''.     To  tla;se  Mrlon 
inquirer,  Jiowever,  e\i, 
almost  |)lain  terms,  thai 
ii'fiii  sii|.|.ressed  liis  re.- 
tliiit  tliis  account  of  hin 
'li''  "tlKT,  '  if  von  realh 
'Hilling  to  the  savages  1 
I'liiiice  of  intellicreiu'e,  ' 
]Wmagine,forII}ndU 
"If  spirit  of  genuine 
''ii'iijiied,  dnriiiir  tiie  j 
^I'cnes  of  fiscfnl  ^,,,,^^1 
'mm;  (or  the  benefit  , 
«' men  will   hear  with  s 
Kiiroil,  under  the  aiispie 
oiiK  employment   of  t,-, 
ton-riie."*     Whether  tin 
Slime  translation,  I  am  n 
Wf  ifClinp.  i.  Yoriirl,, 
m  o'rhnuhhotm  te>/odo, 
n-oiii  the  London  ]\I„ 
•atone  of  the  America 
Pri'seiited  by  the  respect 
[iiral  8oci  ty's  ..r.-at  r,„ 


lirr 


And  the  same  w 


"'"^  111  Lngland,  entitl. 
"'P  Gospel  of  St.  .John,  , 
"i^liich  are  discovered 


*  Janson's  l 


K    V. 

(•  tin; 
Ulllrr 

I  I  lis 

limy 

A  ink. 

CDll- 
It   till! 

Mtion 


\'  tiiok 
<s  tin- 
is  i-i'd 

Wllllilt 

t'i|iml 
lu'd  ill 

fl'iiir  in 
liifrjiiy 

I  Ifiii;; 
of  tin; 

e  cmise 

vc  cnii- 


Bapiils, 

Itll'l   us 

vj  is  ftp- 

IC(/l(l((/_l/, 

will  iiol 

plemnnt. 

/ft  are 


iark.f" 

Its.    His 
lots,  and, 
iliiiruiiifn, 
r.K,  jnstly 
(Iriicnd 
lot"  cliii't's 
liinciici'd. 
■twocii  ii 
iiiLT  was 
,(•  was  a 
im-ncaii 
MH'i'icau 
ry,  whicll 

[aid,  w»;re 

faiiMiftlie 

idod  tlie 

las  a  rnii- 
j  ask  il  of 
laiiv  wtTO 
iiMitucky 
ll  fearlesa 


cii.w.  vn.] 


TEYONINfrOKKHAWEN. 


131 


rmTinpf,  as  lio  nsrondcd  tli(^  Imiik  niitl  jmsHi'd  tliroiisrli  tlic  ranks  of  tlin  hoI- 
diiTs.  Till'  irrcatcst  ririiiiirss  iitlciidi'il  his  steps,  niid  flii'  must  di^'iiilicd  non- 
thnldiirr  was  ii|ii>ii  his  (•(iiiiiti'iniiu-c,  iiKtwilhslaiidiii;;  liis  (•(iiKJirnni  was  now 
rali'iihitrd  to  discoviM'  liiiiiiiliatii)ii  and  d)'<-|)  di'pnssiini.  <>:lya  few  days 
Im'I'ok',  he  had  liiii>;ht  hand  to  hand  witii  these;  sanii'  \(diint<>i<i's,  whose  rankH 
111!  now  passed  thron^di. 

We  have  not  heard  ol'  the  death  oi'  the  heroic  and  truly  frreat  chief  .Mi/re- 
rfl/i ;  lint,  whether  alive  or  <lea(l,  oiir  veneration  is  the  same.  It  was  said  of 
liis  contemporary,  7Vr'i(;;i,f(/i,  that  in  the  lield  he  wiih  an  ./r/uV/i.'?,  and  in  liio 
(•niiiicil  an  .lirttmimiion.  At  least,  we  think,  as  iiincii  may  in  triit'  he  said  of 
}liinruh.  The  si'ipiel  of  the  lit!;  of  7V//V(r  will  he  found  iii  a  liirmcr  chapter, 
wliere  he  ri<,'iires  iindi'r  the  name  of  Kinjjf 'mxr.  In  IH()7,  a  treaty  was  made 
at  Detroit  hetween  the  ( 'liippeways,  Oftowas,  PottowafloinieH  and  Wyandots 
and  the  I'nited  States,  Two  chiefs  hesides  ^Mi/cirah  sifrned  on  helialf  of  the 
Inst-nained  ll  ihe.  His  name  to  that  tri-aty  is  written  Slinr.  The  next  year, 
HH  anotln-r  treaty  was  made  at  Mrownstown  with  the  same  trihes,  with  tin; 
addition  of  two  d"le<rates  from  the  Shawiinees.  Three  hesides  Mjitcrah 
siiili-d  at  this  time.  He  was  also,  we  believe,  a  party  to  the  treaty  made  ut 
rmt  Industry  in  lr<().">,  on  the  iMiiuni  of  the  Lake. 

Less  is  known  of  the  history  of  the  two  next  chiefs,  of  which  w-e  shall  say 
viMiiethiiii;,  than  of  inanv  oth(;rs  less  distinguished. 

'n■;^■()^M^'ll()K^:l{.■V\VI■:N  was  a  Mohawk  chief,  who  is  generally  known 
under  tin;  appellation  of  ./o/iH  .Vf>r/o)j.  -'This  interestiiij^  Indian,  aliont  two 
\  ■ins  airo,  [IHOI  or  .'>,]  visited  limjlimd,  where  inimeroiis  traits  of  an  ainiahio 
;  (Ihposiiion  and  a  vifjoroiis  int(dlect  p;-odiiced  the  most  pleasinj^  impressions 
i  11  all  who  weri;  introduced  to  him.  A  proof  of  his  possessinjr,  in  a 
j  iiiL'li  de^rree,  the  (pialities  of  a  <;dod  tem|»er  and  <ire;it  mental  (iniekness,  occiir- 
I  nd  at  tin;  upper  ruonui,  at  IJath,  wh(;r(;  hea|)pear(;(I  in  the  dress  of  his  coiintiT. 
I  Ayoiinj,'  I'iii^'liHhman,  who  had  been  in  America,  acco.sted  tiie  elijcf  witji 
<ivcral  abrupt  (pu'stions  respeetiii<r  his  place  of  abode,  f;ituation,  and  the 
liki'.  To  these  .Yorlon  returned  answers  at  oiue  pertinent  and  modest.  The 
iiKluirer,  however,  ex|)ressed  hinisidf  dissatistied  with  them,  and  hinted,  in 
aliiiDSt  plain  terms,  that  he  b(di(;ved  him  to  be  an  impostor.  Still  the  Am«;r- 
iiaii  suppressed  his  res'iitment,  and  endeavor(>d  to  convince  \\\i' froilteiiinn 
'lint  this  account  of  himself  mifjht  Ik;  depended  upon.  '  Well,  but,'  returned 
ilii' other,  '  if  yon  really  are  what  you  pretend  to  be,  how  will  y(»u  ndish  re- 
iiiriiiii^' to  the  savages  of  your  own  country  ?'  '.S'lV,'  replied  Norton,  with  a 
I'liiiice  of  intelliuence,  '  /  slinll  not  erpcrienrc  so  gridt  a  rhnns;c  in  mi/  sonct;/  ns 
m  im(tirine,for  I  find  there  are  S(iV(t<i;i:t  in  thi.s  eininlrtj  also.''  Animated  with 
llio  spirit  of  <r(;iiuiiie  iiatriotism,  this  ^(enerous  cliielhiin  was  imweariedly 
occupied,  dnriii<r  the  int'-rvals  of  lii.s  public  business,  in  acipiiriiifj  every 
fpci'ics  of  fiseful  knowledfre,  lor  the  ])nrpos(;  of  trans|)ortin;r  it  to  his  own 
roiiiitn,  for  the  benefit  of  his  |)i  ojjIc  ;  and  what  the  Iriends  to  the  happiness 
ot'iucii  will  hear  with  still  <rre:iter  admiration  and  pleasure,  he  was  also  eii- 
jaircd,  under  the  ansjiices  of  Mr.  ft'ilherforce  and  Mr.  Thnrnton,  in  the  lab'iri- 
oiis  employment  of  traiisla!iii<r  the  (iros|)el  of  St  John  into  liis  native 
tonsriio."*  Wliether  that  published  by  the  American  Bible;  Society  be  the 
Siiiiio  translation,  I  am  not  positive,  but  believe;  it  is.  The  followinj,'  is  the  ."Jd 
veiiin  (il'(!lia|).  i.  yori<rhw)!j;nr<<con  ne  rode  ivci/cnuk-'len,  ok  tsi  nikon  nc  kai^hson 
P'^h  os;li)Vtlili()ten  lejindon  ne  ne  Hd'xft  ntonlinh  tc  hrvitulnre. 

Itoiii  tlie  Ijondon  Monthly  |{e;:o>itory  it  appears,  that  JV*or<on  was  educated 
"atone  of  the  American  universities.  There  is  an  excellent  portrait  of  him 
presented  by  the  respectalile  llobert  Jiarclay,  liun<j  up  in  the  Hath  Agricul- 
tural r'oci  ty's  irri'at  room;  for  he  was  made  an  honorary  member  while 
hero,"  Aiui  the  same  writer  adds: — "I  have  a  pamphlet  puldished  by  him 
while  ill  Eiifrland,  entitled 'An  address  to  the  Six  Nations,'  recommending 
tlic  Gospel  of  St.  .Tohn,  one  side  in  Knglish,  the  other  in  Mohawk  Iani;nage, 
in  whicll  are  discovered  sentences  very  similar  to  the  Welsh ;  for  instaucq, 


*  Janson's  Stranger  iu  America,  278,  4to,  London,  1807. 


;tjf  ■  •  -u'"! 


132 


I,()(3AN,  TUF,  HIIAWANEE. 


[Flooit  V. 


Indian.     O  Nivoli  tofdinii  cn-n  tenlii\\vi>fli(!  in*  wi|,'niriniui  wiilmni. 

VVr.f.Mii.     ()  Nliaw  iiaddii^'  rroiii  <ly  di'viHlmid  jm am  wlialiaiii. 

KxiMMii.  i)  (iod,  take  not  Iroiii  lis  lliy  giiicf,  l»oiauM(!  \\v,  liavi-  umd  from 
tliy  wayH."  * 

Rnrnn  of  thi>  words  wliicli  norm  to  In-  i-oiTCHpoiidin;,'  and  analoj^oiiM  to  the 
rye,  ill  till!  two  first  laii^'iiau<'s,  arc  not  ho  in  nicaniii;,' ;  in  fact  tlicri!  is  im 
analo}^y  whatovi-r  ln'twrcii  flm  Welsh  and  Indian  laiiffiiaifcs. 

In  IHOH,  this  cliicf  was  tlio  Iwarcr  of  a  loii>.'  and  i'\cc»'din;;ly  cvci'llciit  t.ilk 
from  the  Sriifcas  west  of  the  Oliio,  to  tho  Indians  of  the  interior  of  < 'miiikIii 
ahoiit  100  miles  from  Nia^'ara  Kalis.     It  was  from  a  Prophet  named  Hkanva- 

PAUIO.+ 

We  learn  also  from  Mr.  Jnnsen  that  when  Tei/oninhukfrnwen  was  in  f;i|.». 
land,  he  "ajipeared  to  he  ahoiit  4.')  years  of  a>re  ;"  tali,  miiHenlar,  and  well  lu-o- 
j)ortioned,  poHjiessin^r  II  fine  and  iiiteiliffent  eoiinlenanee.  liis  mother  wiis  h 
8eoteh  woman,  and  he  liatl  spent  two  years  in  Hdinhiiruli,  in  his  voiitji, 
namely,  from  his  i.'Uli  to  his  l.'>th  year,  read  and  spol<e  I'lijilish  and  iVeiicli 
well.  He  was  married  toji  tl  inai<!  of  ids  own  tril)e,  i)y  whom  he  Imd  two 
riiildreii.  He  served  in  tin;  last  war  with  the  English,  as  will  presently  Im- 
relnt(ul. 

Hecnnse  this  eliief  spent  a  f^w  years  in  Seotiand  wlien  yoiinir,  some  his- 
torians [  liave  asserted  that  lie  was  not  an  Indian,  lint  a  Heotehmnii ;  mhiI  a 
writer  §  of  a  sketch  of  the  iate  (.'aiiada  war  says  lie  was  related  to  iho 
FriJiich.  Of  tliis  we  liave  no  doiilit,  as  it  is  notimeommon  llir  many  of  those 
wiio  pass  for  Indians  to  iiiive  white  fiitliers.  We  slnnild  think,  therefore, 
tiiat,  instead  of  liis  mother's  Iteiiig  a  Seoteli  woman,  his  fatlier  might  liave  iiccii 
a  Frenelmian,  and  iiis  mother  an  Indian. 

Of  JV(»ion\i  nrTei/07ttnh()kerawrn\i  «'xploits  in  the  last  war,  tiiere  weic  not 
many,  we  presume,  as  tiiere  are  not  many  recorded.  V^lien  Col.  Murni;/  sur- 
prised r-'ort  Niagara,  on  the  ]!>  Dec.  IHl;J,  JVoiinn  enter*  1  tlie  fort  with  liim, 
at  the  liead  of  a  force  of  ahoiit  400  men.  ||  Fort  Ningani  was  garrisoned  jiy 
about  MOO  Americans,  of  whom  hut  '20  esra|ied.  Ail  wiioresistiMl,  and  some 
who  did  not,  were  run  though  witli  tiie  iiayonet.  We  only  know  tliat.Vor/on 
was  present  on  tliisoeeasion. 

On  tlin  <5  JiiiH!,  1814,  (Jeneral  Vincent  and  Morton,  wltli  a  coiisi(!er,ii)Io 
force,1I  attacked  an  American  camp  ten  miles  from  Huriiiiglon  Bay.  at  a  pluce 
called  Fitly  Mile  Creek.  The  onset  was  madeiii'fore  day  on  a  Sunday  morn- 
ing.  The  invaders  seized  upon  seven  pieces  of  cannon,  and  turned  tlnin 
upon  tlieir  enemies.  Th"  night  aviis  very  dark,  and  the  confusion  was  very 
great.  The  American  (Jenerals  Chandler  and  Winder,  one  major,  five  cup- 
tains,  one  lieutenant,  and  11(5  men,  were  taken  jirisoners.  Nevertheless  tlio 
Americans  fought  with  sucii  resolution  tliat  the  attacking  party  were  ohli^'cd 
to  aliandon  tlieir  advantage,  leaving  I.IO  of  their  iiumher  hehiinl  them.  They. 
howi'ver,  carried  off  two  pieces  of  cannon  and  some  horses. 

LOGAN  was  a  great  Shawanee  idiief,  who  was  more  liravethan  foitniintc. 
He  was  no  connection  of  Los:(tn  of  1774,  hnr  was  e(]n:dly  great,  and,  in  tiic 
liands  of  a  Jefferson,  would  liave  heen  equally  celebrated.  Hhorfly  aOer  (Jen- 
eral Tupprr's  expedition  to  tlie  Miaiiii  Riipids,  Captain  Jnmts  Loirnn,  ns  lie 
was  called  by  the  English,  was  sent  by  Ceneral  Harrison  in  the  direction  of 
tlios;'  rapids,  with  a  small  ])arty  of  Ids  tribe,  to  reconnoitre.  He  met  with  u 
superior  force  of  tlie  enemy  near  that  place,  by  which  be  was  so  closely  pin- 
sued  that  his  men  were  obliged  to  break  and  flee  for  safety  in  the  true  Indiiiii 
manner.  Logan,  with  two  of  his  companions,  Cajitaiii  .Ioh.v  and  UnKiirr- 
HOR.N,  arrived  safe  at  General  Winchester\<i  camp.  When  he  gave  an  iiccoiint 
here  of  what  had  happened,  accusers  in  the  army  stood  ready  to  chiirgn  liini 
with  treachery,  and  a  design  of  aiding  the  enemy.     He  felt  the  false  clmrge 

*  Mnnthlii  Ri'pository.  iii.  715.  I.oikIoh,  ISOJ).  t  WW.  70!l, 

X  Jiimi'.i,  IVIililary  Occiirrciiros,  ii.  Hi.  ^  Mr.  M.  ffinith,  who  lived  llion  in  ("niiada. 

II  Some  American  liistorinns  sny,  "  nritisli  and  Indians ; "  l)Ut  Mr.  James  (ii.  IG.)  saj'S 
there  was  Init  one  "bidiaii,"  and  lie  was  a  Scoichman  ! 
IT  Tlie  number  of  rank  and  file  was  701,  of  Uie  Americans  about  3(X)0. 


CiiAP.  vir.j        s 

with  ciittiuR  Bfiveri 
trary,  lie  determin 
WHS  not  thus  to  Ini 
Aceordinglv,  on 
msolved  either  to  | 
attempt.     When  h. 
north  siih^,  he  met  \ 
nientioneil  in  this 
this  |iarty  was  t*M»  h 
them  bi'ing  „n  hoi 
iiig  to  bn  of  the  Uri 
.'riendly  deportment 
mik,  of  whom  tiieni 
foiig'it  at  the  head  e 
him  Mid  denounced 
the  friend  of  the  Hr 
forinatii.M  of  the  niti 
proceeded  on  his  wi 
lowed  with  him.     ; 
when  they  had  pro*;. 
flcize  and  tie  them ; 
iwajie  they  could  be 
fan,  overhearing  thifi 
to  make  an  attack  up 
Loi>;nn  had  intended 
Nd  sooner  was  the 
nil  fired  three  rounds 
driven  their  adversar 
liorse.s.     FJliot  and  // 
Oilowa  chief  was  kil 
Bri<rht-horn  were  had 
retreat,  and,  seizing  t 
fiifilaiii  John  (-scaped 
Miowed,  hitnself;  ami 
Lnsan  had  now  im 
wounds  proved  in'ortii 
fnil  Harrison,  he  says, 
appeared  on  the  milit 
ills  rank,  and  with  soi 
iies.sed."     Thus  wro|( 
"His  physiognomy 
est  marks  of  (•oiirage, 
very  serviceable  to  oi'i 
ivitli  General  Hull  to 
for  the  relief  of  Fort 
Ifiniicinak,  while  in 
lif  I'oiiimanded  all  th 
e.iiised  the  ma.ssacre  < 
Cliicago,  after  having  j 
t'int  [ilace  to  Fort  \Vn'\ 
In  178(),  General  /i 
ami  kept  him  some  tin 
considerable  education 
ever  afterwards  friendl 
sth  and  the  Prophet.     I 
liilkej  a  whole  night  w 
ayninst  the  States  ;  I)ui 
His  wife  (probal)ly  befi 
Colonel  Hardin,  iii  178 
Greenville.     In  the  an 
6oii-in-law  of  General 
wimt  was  due  him  for 
12 


CUAP.  VII.l 


SIfJNAL  EXPLOIT  OF  CAI'TAIN   I.OfJAN. 


133 


nrtiiniitc. 
ill  till' 
Wvr  (ioii- 
friH,  iH  lie 
rtu'tioii  of 
t  with  ii 
soly  \wr- 
ic  iiidiiiii 

IklGHT- 

n  nt'duini 
ar|:o  liiiii 
sc  cimrfre 


]hiil.  70'.i 
II  Canaila. 
ii.  1(5.)  sa.vs 


with  nittiiiK  ""Vfrity,  hut  without  any  iiirhimtioii  (iir  nivriiffo.  On  the  con- 
trary, ho  <lifcriniinrl  to  provi^  hy  hoiiio  iini;<|iiivorul  unnoiinroinunt  that  ho 
wiiN  not  thus  to  hi<  tiikt'ii  iis  ii  npy. 

Arconhiijfly,  on  !2*i  Novcniln'r,  with  the  two  mon  ahov<' natnrd,  he  wt  ont, 
HiHolvcd  cithiT  to  hriiijr  in  a  prinoncr  or  a  scal|»,  or  to  lia/ard  his  lili"  in  tho 
8tt<-tnpt.  When  litt  h/id  |)ro<-iM'i|)><l  down  thi*  IVIiatiii  alioiit  10  niih'N,  on  ih«) 
north  Hide,  he  met  witii  ( 'aptain  Klliol,  (son  of  him  of"  inrainoiiH  memory,  hf(i)ro 
nK'iitioiM'd  in  this  IxKtk  of  onr  iiistory,)  accompanifd  hy  five  Indians,  Ah 
tiiirt  |mrty  was  t(M)  stronjf  for  Ijotrinnwui  his  two  hrave  roinpanions,  four  of 
thnn  Iwiiif,'  on  horsrhack,  ht;  theri-titn;  (h-tcrmiind  to  pass  thrni,  pr(!tnnd- 
iii^r  to  1)6  of  tlir  liritish  party,  and  advanced  with  ronlident  hohhiess  and  a 
.'ritsndly  deportment.  Mnt  it  iinfiirtnnately  happened,  that  th(!  noted  ff'inne- 
rm^k,  of  whom  mention  lias  heen  made  in  the  hlti  of  Ticutiuvh,  and  who  had 
foiijf'it  at  the  head  o("  tht;  INiltowattomies  in  the  hatth'  of  Tippi-eancte,  knew 
hini  i.nd  deiionneed  him  as  a  spy,  Loiran,  however,  nersisted  that  he  waH 
the  frn'iid  of  the  llritish,  and  was  tlien  on  his  way  to  tlm  Uajiidct  to  give  in- 
fonnatii.ti  of  the  situation  of  tiie  Amerieans.  Aller  eonversni);  a  while,  he 
proceeded  on  his  way,  and  IVinncmnk,  with  his  companions,  turned  and  fol- 
lowed with  him.  &innemnk  and  his  party  closely  watched  the  others,  and 
when  they  had  |»roceeded  ahout  eijfht  miles,  he  proposed  to  (Captain  FJiiot  to 
seize  and  tie  them;  hut  he  said  it  was  not  necessary, l(»r  if  they  attempted  to 
escape  they  coidd  he  shot  down,  (»r  easily  rini  down  with  their  horses.  Lo- 
^nn,  overhearing  this,  eoinnumicated  it  to  his  companions,  aiul  it  was  agreed 
ti  make  an  attack  upon  them,  idthough  they  were  five  to  three.  Until  now, 
Ls/T""  had  intended  to  ffo  on  with  timiii  till  iiifrht,  and  then  escape. 

No  sooner  was  the  resolution  taken  than  the  t\fi\\t  hejran.  When  they  had 
nil  Fired  three  rounds  apiece,  tim  advanta^v^  was  in  liivor  of  tli(!  three  ;  having 
driven  their  adversaries  eonsid<Tal)le  distance,  and  cut  them  off  from  their 
horses.  Elliot  niu\  IVinnemnk  luul  hotli  liilleii  mortally  woimded,  and  a  youtig 
Ottowa  chief  was  killed.  Towards  the  close  of  the  fight,  hotli  Losrnn  and 
Bns;hl-horn  were  hadly  wounded.  \s  soon  as  Lounn  was  shot,  he  ordered  a 
retreat,  and,  seizing  the  enemies'  horses,  they  eflecttui  it  to  Winc/ics^;/-'.*  camp, 
Cuptaiii  John  escajied  imhiiit,  and  idler  taking  tli(!  scalp  of  the  Ottowa  chief, 
flowed,  himself,  and  arrived  there  the  ne.xt  morning. 

Lnsnn  had  now  indeed  established  liis  reputation,  hut  he  lost  his  life  !  His 
wounds  proved  mortal  two  days  after.  In  (ieiieral  fVinchisttr's  letter  toCJen- 
eriil  Harrison,  ho  says,  "More  firmness  and  consummate  bravery  have  seldom 
iippcuied  on  the  military  theatre."  "  lie  was  biirif^d  with  all  the  honors  due  to 
his  rank,  and  with  sorrow  as  sincerely  and  generally  dis|)laycd  as  ever  I  wit- 
nessed."   Thus  wrote  Major  Hardin  to  (iovi'rnor  Shdbi/: — 

"His  physiognomy  was  ion ned  on  the  best  model,  and  exhibited  the  strong- 
est marks  of  courage,  intelligence,  good-huiiKtr  and  sincerity.  He  bud  been 
verv  serviceable  to  our  cause,  by  acting  as  a  ftilot  and  a  s|»y.  He  hud  gone 
with  General  Hull  to  Detroit,  and  with  the  first  Kentucky  troops  who  marched 
for  the  relief  of  Fort  Wayne." 

Ifmncmak,  while  iti  conversation  with  Los;an  before  the  fight,  declared  that 
lie  eoinmanded  all  the  Indians  in  that  quarter;  and  boasted  that  he  had 
raiisfid  the  massacre  of  JVells  :ind  thos«!  who  had  surrended  at  the  battle  of 
Clileago,  alter  htiving  gone  with  jydls,  as  a  friend,  to  guard  the  garrison  of 
t'lnt  i)lncn  to  Fort  Wayne. 

Ill  17H(i,  (Jleiieral  Lofran,  of  Kentucky,  took  Logan,  then  a  boy,  prisoner, 
and  k('|)t  him  some  time.  After  sending  him  to  school  till  he  had  acquired 
considerable  education,  he  gave  him  his  liberty  and  his  own  name.  He  was 
ever  afterwards  friendly  to  the  whites.  His  mother  was  own  sister  to  Tecum- 
S(h  and  the  Prophet.  He  said  that  in  the  summer  |)rece(ling  his  death,  he  liud 
talked  a  whole  night  with  Tccumseh,  trying  to  i)ersuuile  him  against  fighting 
ajrainst  the  States ;  but  Tccumsch  urged  liim  as  strongly  to  join  the  British. 
His  wife  (probably  before  she  was  known  to  Logan)  wns  taken  prisoner  by 
Colonel  Hardin,  in  1789,  and  had  remained  in  his  family  until  the  treaty  of 
Greenville.  In  the  army  Logan  had  formed  an  attachment  to  Major  Hardin, 
6011-in-law  of  General  Logan,  whom,  before  he  died,  he  requested  to  see  that 
wlmt  was  due  him  for  his  services  should  be  faithfully  paid  over  to  hia  family. 
12 


134 


BLACK-BIRD  CAPTURES  FORT  DEARBORN. 


[Book  V. 


which  was  done.    Ilis  family  resided  at  Wapoghoognata,  which  was  called 
Lojran's  village* 

ULACK-BIRD  was  a  Pottowattoiiiie  cliief,  who  made  himself  notorious  by 
the  massacre  of  tlio  garrison  of  Fort  Dearborn.  Before  it  was  known  in  the 
western  region  of  the  upper  lakes,  that  war  had  been  declared  by  the  United 
States,  Indian  and  Canadian  forces  were  collected  at  several  points  ready  lor 
the  word  to  be  given.  That  act  seems  to  have  been  anxiously  looked  for  by  tlie 
Lidians,  as  well  as  some  of  their  advisers,  who  seem  to  have  l)een  much 
better  prepared  to  meet  the  emergency  of  war  than  those  who  declared  it. 

Mackanaw,  or  as  it  is  generally  written,  Michillimakinak,  was  garrisoned 
at  this  time  with  only  58  effective  men,  and  the  first  news  they  Ijad  of  the 
declaration  of  war  was  the  ai)pearance  of  500  Indians  and  about  the  same 
number  '"  Canadians  ready  to  attack  them.  The  fort  was  therefore  surren- 
dered by  Lieuienant  Hanks,  on  the  17  of  Jidy,  1812. 

When  General  Hull  heard  of  the  fate  oi'  Michillimakinak,  he  rightly  jnd<'od 
that  Fort  Dearborn,  now  Chicago,  would  be  the  next  object  of  attack.  Ac- 
cordingly he  (les|)atched  orders  to  Ca|)tain  Heald,  then  in  connnand  there,  to 
evacuate  the  place  with  all  haste.  But  before  tins  message  reached  hini 
Black-bird,  with  a  host  of  his  warriors,  was  prepared  to  act  according  to  cir- 
cumstances. A  large  number  of  the  neighboring  Indians,  who  had  pre- 
tended friendship,  hearing  that  the  place  was  to  be  evacuated,  came  there  to 
receive  what  could  not  be  carried  away. 

On  the  i:}  July,  Ca])tain  fVells,  of  Fort  Wayne,  arrived  at  Fort  Dearborn 
with  n-.out  30  Miainies,  to  escort  Captain  Heald  to  Di^troit.  They  inarched 
from  i:'(i  fort  on  the  15  July,  with  r.  guard  of  IVlianiies  in  front,  and  another 
in  -he  rear,  under  Captain  ff'ells.  They  marched  upon  the  shore  of  the;  lake 
ur.d  when  they  had  proceeded  about  one  mile,  they  discovered  Indians  pre- 
pared to  attack  them  from  behind  the  high  sand-bank  which  bounded  tlic 
beach  of  the  lake.  Ca|)taiii  Heald  then  ascended  the  bank  with  his  nn'ii,uiid 
a  fight  was  inunediatcly  begun  by  the  Indians.  The  Indians  being  vastly 
numerous.  Captain  Heald  saw  that  it  was  useless  to  contend,  and  immediately 
retreated  to  a  small  eminence  in  the  adjacent  prairie,  and  not  being  followed 
by  the  Indians,  was  out  of  the  reach  of  their  shot.  Meantime  the  Indians 
got  ])ossession  of  all  their  horses  and  baggage. 

Tl«e  Indians,  after  a  short  consultation,  made  signs  for  Captain  Heald  to 
ad\aiice  ji'ul  meet  them.  He  did  so,  and  was  met  by  Black-bird,  who,  atlcr 
shakiut;  iiands  .vitb  him,  told  him,  if  he  would  surrender,  the  lives  of  the 
prisoners  shouii!  be  8|mred.  There  was  no  alternative,  and  after  all  their  arms 
were  sur  jndered,  the  party  was  marchod  back  to  the  Indian  encanipmcnt, 
near  the  il-.i,  and  divided  among  the  different  tribes.  The  next  niorniiiir, 
they  burned  the  fort,  and  left  the  i)lacc,  taking  the  prisoners  with  tlniM. 
Cajrtain  Heald's  force  was  54  regulars  and  12  militia.  In  the  fight  mi  the 
bank  of  the  bike,  2(5  of  regulars  and  all  of  the  militia  were  killed;  licsidcs 
two  women  and  12  children.  Eleven  women  and  children  were  auioii<r  iln' 
captives.  Captain  JVclls  and  many  other  officers  were  killed,  and  Cajitiiiii 
Heald  and  iiis  wile  were  both  badly  wounded,  and  were  taken  to  the  hkhiiIi 
of  the  St.  .Tosc|)li's,  where  they  were  taken  into  the  family  of  an  liidiaii 
trader.  Soon  after,  Black-lnrd  set  out  with  his  warriors  for  the  ca|)tm('  of 
Fort  Wayne,  and  Captain  Heald  hired  a  Frenchman  to  take  him  to  Mich- 
illimakinak. He  was  afterwards  exchanged.  What  other  successes  this 
chief  had  during  the  war  is  unknown. 

Black-lmwk,  in  speaking  of  the  capture  and  tn^ntment  of  Ca|)tain  Hmld 
and  his  men,  says,f  it  was  owing  to  their  710/  keeping  their  word  with  tlu?  Indians. 
The  night  before  the  fort  was  abandoned  by  the  whites,  they  threw  nil  the 
powd(;r  they  could  not  carry  with  them  into  the  well,  \v'>ich  they  had  prom- 
ised to  give  them. 

The  next  chief  we  introduce  chiefly  to  illustrate  a  mostcxtraordirmry  mode 
of  doing  penance  among  the  nations  of  the  west. 


*  Taken  principally  from  Nile.i's  Register,  and  DarnaWs  Narrative. 
t  In  his  Life,  written  by  himself,  p.  42. 


CUAP.  Vll] 


WAWNAIITON— BLACK-THUNDER 


135 


WAVVNAHTON,*  a  l)old  and  fearless  chief,  of  the  tribe  of  Yankton.t 
(wliose  nuine,  translated,  is  " he  tvlio  charges  the  enemy")  was  considerably 
noted  in  the  last  war  with  Canada.  "  He  had,"  s:iys  my  autiior,  "  killed  seven 
enemies  in  battle  with  his  own  hand,  as  tiie  seven  war-eagle  plumes  in  his 
hair  testified,  and  received  nine  wounds,  as  was  shown  by  an  e(iual  number 
of  little  sticks  arranged  in  his  coal-black  hair,  and  i)ainte(l  in  a  manner  that 
told  an  Indian  eye  whether  they  were  inflicted  by  a  bullet,  knife  or  tomahawk, 
and  by  whom.  At  the  attack  on  Fort  Sandusky,  in  the  late  war,  he  received 
a  bullet  and  three  buck  shot  in  his  breast,  which  glanced  on  the  bone,  and 
passing  round  under  the  skin,  came  out  at  his  back."  This,  and  other  ex- 
traordinary escapes,  he  made  use  of,  like  the  famous  Tuspaquin,  two  ages 
before,  to  render  himself  of  greater  importance  among  his  nation.  At  this 
time  he  was  supposed  to  be  about  30  years  of  age,  of  a  noble  and  elegant 
appearance,  and  is  still  believed  to  be  living.  J 

Major  Lorjfif's  com|)any  considercid  H^awnahton  a  very  interesting  man, 
whose  acquaintance  they  cultivated  with  success  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Lake  Traverse.  They  describe  hiiu  as  u|)war(ls  of  six  feet  high,  and  pos- 
sessing a  countenance  that  would  je  considered  handsome  in  any  country. 
He  prepared  a  feast  for  the  party,  ns  soon  as  he  knew  they  were  coining  to 
his  village.  "  When  speaki^'g  of  the  Dacotas,  we  purposely  postjioncd  men- 
tioning the  frequent  vows  which  they  make,  and  their  strict  adherence  to 
them,  because  one  of  the  best  evidences  which  we  have  collected  on  this 
point  connects  itself  with  the  character  of  Wanotan,  and  may  give  a  favora- 
ble idea  of  his  extreme  fortitude  in  enduring  pain.  In  the  summer  of  1822, 
bd  undertook  a  journey,  from  which,  apprehending  tnuch  danger  on  the  part 
of  the  Chippewas,  he  made  a  vow  to  the  sun,  that,  if  he  returned  safe,  he 
would  abstain  from  all  food  or  drink  for  the  space  of  four  successive  (lays 
and  nights,  and  that  he  would  distribute  among  his  people  all  the  property 
which  he  possessed,  including  all  his  lodges,  horses,  dogs,  &c.  On  his  return, 
which  happened  without  accident,  he  celebrated  the  dance  of  the  sun  ;  thip 
consisted  in  making  three  cuts  through  his  skin,  one  on  his  breast,  and  one 
on  each  of  his  arms.  The  skin  was  cut  in  the  manner  of  a  loop,  so  as  to  per- 
mit a  rope  to  pass  between  the  flesh  and  the  strip  of  skin  which  was  thus 
divided  from  the  body.  The  ropes  being  passed  through,  tbcnr  ends  were 
secured  to  a  tall  vertical  pole,  planted  at  about  40  yards  from  bis  lodge.  He 
then  began  to  dance  round  this  pole,  at  the  commencement  of  this  fiist,  fre- 
quently swinging  himself  in  the  air,  so  as  to  be  supported  merely  by  the  cords 
which  were  secured  to  the  strips  of  skin  separated  from  his  arms  and  breast 
He  contimied  this  exercise  with  few  intermissions  during  the  whole  of  his 
fast,  until  the  fourth  day  about  10  o'clock,  A.  M.,  when  the  strip  of  skin  from 
his  breast  gave  way ;  notwithstanding  which  he  interrupted  not  the  dance, 
although  supported  merely  by  his  arms.  Ai  noon  the  strip  from  his  left  arm 
8imp|)ed  ofl':  his  inicle  then  thought  that  he  had  suffered  enough,"  and  with  his 
knife  cut  the  last  loop  of  skin,  and  Wanotan  fell  down  in  a  swoon,  where  lio 
lay  the  rest  of  the  day,  exposed  to  the  scorching  rays  of  the  sun.  After  this  he 
gave  away  all  his  |»roperty,  anu  with  his  two  squaws  desertttd  his  lodge.  To 
such  monstrous  follies  does  superstition  drive  her  votaries ! 

in  Tanner's  Narrative,  there  is  an  interesting  account  of  an  expedition  of 
an  iuicl(!  of  fVawnahton,  at  the  hcid  of  200  Sioux,  against  the  Ojibbewas.  JVaw- 
nahlon  was  himself  of  the  party,  but  he  had  not  then  become  so  distinguished 
as  lie  was  allerwards.  They  fell  jpon  a  small  band  ol"  Crees  and  Assinne- 
boins,  and  after  a  fight  of  near  a  whole  day,  killed  all  the  Ojibbewas  but  one, 
the  LUHc-clam,  two  women  and  one  child,  about  20  in  number.  This  hap- 
pened .lot  far  from  Pembina.  §  In  1822,  he  very  nnich  alarmed  that  post,  by 
murdering  some  Assinneboins  in  its  neighborhood.  || 

JiLACK-THUNDEH,  or  Mackkntannnamnkee,  was  styled  the  celebrated 
patriarch  of  the  I'ox  tribe.     He  made  himself  remembered  by  manv  from  an 

•   W.iiintiiii,  in  /.on  f',«  I'xpe  I   to  Si.  Pelors.  i.  1-1-8. 

t   Viiitklodii,  (  f.oii'X,  il>.  IJ.4,)  which  siijiiifics  desrcmled  fi'om,  thi'  fi'rn  Ifaves., 
j  Fiuis  |HiliHshc(l  i>y  W.  .1.  fi'h'ilinfr,  Ksc].     It  is    snid  by  A>a/in»-,  in  Aonn-'s  Exped.  i. 
4>H.  iliai  111)  wiis  a!)(nil  -^i  vi  ar.  of  age.     This  was  in  115'.'3. 
J  Tamier't  Narialivi",  138.  ||  West's  Red  River  Colony,  84. 


■?"fn-' 


:  mk 


136 

excellent 


BLACK-THUNDER —ONGPATONGA. 


[Book  V. 


spc'.>ch  wliich  fie  made  to  the  American  commissioners,  who  had 
assembled  many  cliiels  at  a  place  called  the  Portage,  Jidy,  1815,  to  hold  u 
talk  with  them  upon  the  state  of  their  ad'airs  ;  particularly  as  it  was  iielieved 
by  the  Americans  that  the  Indians  ineditated  hostilities.  An  American  com- 
missioner opened  the  talk,  and  unbecomingly  accused  the  Indians  ot"  breach 
of  former  treaties.  The  first  chief  that  answered,  spoke  with  a  treniiiloiis 
voice,  and  evidently  betrayed  guilt,  or  perhaps  fear.  Not  so  with  the  upri<rlit 
chiei' Black-thunder.  He  felt  equally  indignant  at  the  charge  of  the  white 
man,  and  the  unmanly  cringing  of  the  chief  who  had  just  spoken.  He 
began : — 

"  My  father,  restrain  your  feelings,  and  hear  calndy  what  I  shall  sav.  I 
shall  say  it  ])lainly.  I  shall  not  speak  with  fear  and  trembling.  I  have  never 
injured  you,  and  innocence  can  feel  no  fear.  I  turn  to  you  all,  red-skins  and 
white-skins — where  is  the  man  who  will  appear  as  my  accuser?  Fatiier  I 
understand  not  clearly  how  things  are  working.  I  have  just  been  set  nt 
liberty.  Am  I  again  to  be  plunged  into  bondage  ?  Frowns  are  all  around 
me;  but  I  am  incapable  of  change.  You,  perhaps,  may  be  ignorant  of  what 
I  tell  you ;  but  it  is  a  truth,  which  I  call  heaven  and  earth  to  witness.  It  is  a 
fact  which  can  easily  be  proved,  that  I  have  been  assailed  in  almost  evere 
possible  way  that  pride,  fear,  feeling,  or  interest,  could  touch  me — that  I  have 
been  pushed  to  the  last  to  raise  the  tomahawk  against  you ;  but  all  in  vain.  I 
never  could  be  made  to  feel  that  you  were  my  enemy.  If  this  be  the  conduct 
of  an  enemy,  I  shall  never  he  your  friend.  You  are  acquainted  with  my  re- 
moval above  Prairie  des  Chiens.*  I  went,  and  formed  a  settlement,  and  called 
my  warriora  around  me.  We  took  counsel,  and  from  that  counsel  we  never 
have  departed.  We  smoked,  and  resolved  to  make  common  cause  with  the 
U.  ?*tates.  I  sent  you  the  pipe — it  reseuibled  this — and  I  sent  it  by  the  Mis- 
souri, that  the  Indians  of  the  Mississippi  might  not  know  what  we  were  doing. 
You  received  it.  I  then  told  you  that  your  friends  should  be  my  friends— 
that  your  enemies  should  be  my  enemies — and  that  I  only  awaited  your  signal 

to  make  war.    If  this  be  the  conduct  of  an  enemy,  1  shall  never  be  your  friend. 

Why  do  I  tell  you  this?  Because  it  is  a  truth,  and  a  mehncholy  truth,  that 
the  good  things  which  men  do  are  often  buried  in  the  ground,  while  their  evil 
deeds  are  stripped  naked,  and  exposed  to  the  world,  f — When  I  came  here,  I 
came  to  you  in  friendship.  I  little  thought  I  should  have  had  to  defend  my- 
self. I  have  no  defence  to  make.  If  I  were  guilty,  I  should  have  come  pre- 
pared ;  but  I  have  ever  held  you  by  the  hand,  and  I  am  come  without  ex- 
cuses. If  I  had  fought  against  you,  I  would  have  told  you  so :  but  I  have  noth- 
ing now  to  say  here  in  your  councils,  except  to  repcjat  what  I  said  before  to 
my  great  father,  the  president  of  your  nation.  You  heard  it,  and  no  doubt 
remember  it.  It  was  simply  this.  My  lands  can  never- be  suiTeudered ;  I 
was  cheated,  and  basely  cheated,  in  the  contract;  I  will  not  surrender  my 
country  but  with  my  life.  Again  I  call  heaven  and  earth  to  witness,  and  I 
smoke  this  pipe  in  evidence  of  my  sincerity.  If  you  are  sincere,  you  will 
receive  it  from  me.  My  only  desire  is,  that  we  should  smoke  it  together— 
that  I  should  grasp  your  sacreJ  hand,  and  I  claim  for  nyself  and  my  t.ibe 
the  protection  of  your  country.  When  this  pipe  touches  your  lip,  may  it 
operate  as  a  blessing  upon  all  my  tribe. — May  the  smoke  rise  like  a  cloud,  and 
carrij  away  with  it  all  the  aninwsities  which  have  arisen  between  us."  \ 

T^lie  issue  of  this  council  was  amicable,  and,  on  the  14  Sept.  followinjr, 
Black-thunder  met  commissioners  at  St.  Louis,  and  executed  a  treaty  of 
peace. 

ONGPATONGA,  §  or,  as  he  was  usually  called.  Big-elk,  was  chief  of  the 
Mahas,  or  Omawhaws,  whose  residence,  in  1811,  was  upon  the  Missouri.  ||  Mr. 


*  Tlifi  upper  niililary  post  upon  the  Mississippi,  in  1818. 
t  "  Tliis  passage  forcibly  reminds  us  of  that  in  Shakespeare :" 
'  The  evil  that  men  do  lives  aAer  Ihcm  j 
The  good  is  often  interred  witli  their  bones." 
t  Philadelphia  Lit.  Gazette. 

Onirne-pon-tue,  in  Iroquois,  was  "men  surpassing' nil  others."     Hial.  Five  Nations. 
"  The  U' Mahas,  in  number  22^,  not  long  ago,  abandoned  their  old  village  on  the  south 


\m: 


Chap.  VII-l 


PETAL  ESHAROO. 


137 


owmjr, 
euty  of 


ons. 

,  the  south 


Brackenridge  visited  his  town  on  tlie   19  May  of  tliat  year,  in  his  voyage  up 
that  riv(!r.     His  "  village  is  sitnated  about  three  miles  from  the  river,  and  con- 
tains about  JJOOO  souls,  and  is  iiiiii  miles  from  its  mouth."*     We  sliall  give 
here,  as  an  introduetion  to  him,  the  oration  he  made  over  tlie  grave  of  Black- 
buffalo,  a  Sioux  chief  of  the  T(!ton  tribe,  who  died  on  the  night  of  the  14 
Jiny,  1811,  at  "  Portage  des  Sioux,"  and  of  whom  Mr.  Brackenridge  remarks  :t 
"  The  Black-buffalo  was  the  Sioux  rliief  with  whom  we  had  the  conference  at 
the  great  bend  ;  and,  from  his  appearance  and  mild  dej)ortment,  I  was  induced 
to  form  a  high  opinion  of  him."     After  being  interred  with  honors  of  war, 
Ongpatonga  spoke  to  thosi;  assembled  as  follows: — "  Do  not  grieve.    Misfor- 
tunes will  happen  to  the  wisest  and  |j.,.^t  men.     Death  will  come,  and  always 
comes  out  of  season.     It  is  the  command  of  the  Great  Spirit,  and  all  nations 
and  people  must  obey.     What  is  passed,  and  cannot  be  i)revented,  should  not 
be  grieved  for.    Be  not  discouraged  or  displeased  then,  that  in  visiting  your 
father  t  here,  [the  American  commissioner,]  you  have  lost  your  chief.    A  mis- 
fortune of  this  kind  may  never  again  befall  you,  but  this  would  have  attended 
you  perhaps  at  your  own  village.     Five  times  have  I  visited  this  land,  and 
never  returned  with  sorrow  or  pain.     Mislbrtunes  do  not  iiourisli  particularly 
in  our  path.     They  grow  every  where.     What  a  misfortune  for  me,  that  I 
could  not  iiave  died  this  day,  instead  of  the  chief  that  lies  before  us.    The 
trifling  loss  my  nation  would  have  sustained  in  my  death,  would  have  been 
doubly  paid  for  by  the  honors  of  my  burial.     They  would  hwve  wiped  off 
every  thing  like  regi'et.    Instead  of  being  covered  with  a  cloud  of  sorrow,  my 
warriors  would  have  felt  the  sunshine  of  joy  in  their  hearts.     To  me  it  would 
have  been  a  most  glorious  occurrence.    Hereafter,  when  I  die  at  home,  instead 
of  a  noble  grave  and  a  grand  procession,  the  rolling  nnisic,  and  the  thundering 
cannon,  with  a  flag  waving  at  my  liead,  I  shall  be  wrapped  in  a  robe,  (an  old 
robe  perhaps,)  and  hoisted  on  a  slender  scaffold  to  the  whistling  winds,§-sooa 
to  be  blown  down  to  the  earth  ;  {{  my  flesh  to  b^  devoured  by  the  wolves,  and 
my  bones  rattled  on  the  plain  by  the  wild  beasts.     Chief  of  the  soldiers,  [ad- 
dressing Col.  Miller,]  your  labors  have  not  been  in  vain.    Your  attention  shall 
[         not  be  forgotten.    My  nation  shall  know  the  respect  that  is  paid  over  the 
dead.    When  I  return,  1  will  echo  the  sound  of  your  guns." 

Dr.  Morse  saw  Ongpatonga  at  Washington  in  the  winter  of  1821,  and  dis- 
coursed with  him  and /sMo/o/jprt,  chief  of  the  republican  Paunees,  "  on  the 
subject  of  their  civilization,  and  sending  instructors  among  them  for  that 
purpose."  The  doctor  has  ])rinted  the  conversation,  and  we  are  sorry  to 
acknowledge  that,  on  reading  it,  Big-elk  suffers  in  our  estimation ;  but  his 
age  must  be  his  excuse.  When  he  was  asked  who  made  the  red  and  white 
people,  he  answered,  "The  same  iieing  who  made  the  white  ])eople,  made 
the  red  peo|)le  ;  but  the  white  are  belter  than  the  red  people."  This  acknowledg- 
ment is  too  degrading,  and  does  not  comport  with  the  general  character  of  the 
Amoiican  Indians.  It  is  not,  however,  very  surprising  that  such  an  expression 
should  escape  an  individual  surrounded,  as  was  Ongpatonga,  by  magnificence, 
luxury,  and  attention  from  the  great. 

Biif-dk  was  a  i)arty  to  several  trwities  made  between  his  nation  and  the 
Unit  (1  States,  previous  to  his  visit  to  Washington  in  1821. 

PI'7rAIjl']SHAROO  was  not  a  chief,  but  a  brave  of  the  tribe  of  the  Pau- 
nees. (A  brave  is  a  warrior  who  has  distinguished  himself  in  battle,  and  is 
next  in  importance  to  a  chief.1I)  He  was  the  son  ol' Letelesha,  a  flimous  chief, 
coiMinoiily  called  the  Knife-chief,  or  Old-knife.  When  Major  Long  and  his 
company  travelled  across  the  continent,  in  1815*  and  '20,  they  l)ecame  ac- 
quainted with   Petalesharoo.     From   several   persons   who  were   in  Long's 


side  of  ilic  Ulinsouri,  and  now  t'wcll  on  the  Elk-iiorn  River,  duo  west  from  their  old  village, 
K) miles  wesl-nortli-wesl  from  Co  incil  Hlufl's."     Morse's  Indian  Report,  t'lX. 

•  Hrackcnridtfe,  nt  sup.  91.  t  Jour,  up  tlie  Missouri,  240. 

}  (iovonior  l.dwarils  or  Colone'  M'ller. 

\  Ii  is  a  ousloni  to  expose  the  d»ad  upon  a  sraffold  among  some  of  the  tribes  cf  the  west 
See  linw.kmndire,  Jour.,  WVt.  ;  Piki's  Expedition  ;  Lontr\<t  do. 

I'l'he  engraving  at  the  commrnccmenl  of  Hook  II.  illustrates  this  passage. 

ll  Long's  Expedition,  i.  356  j  and  Dr.  Morse's  Indian  Report,  247. 


"m 


138 


PETALESHAROO. 


[Book  V. 


company,  Dr.  Morse  collected  the  particular  of  him  which  he  gives  in  hia 
INDIAN  Report  as  nn  anecdote. 

In  the  winter  of  1821,  Petnlesharoo  visited  Washington,  being  one  of  a 
deputation  froin  his  nation  to  tiie  American  government,  on  u  business 
matter. 

Tliis  brave  was  of  elegant  form  and  countenance,  and  was  attired,  in  his 
visit  to  Washington,  as  re|)re8ented  in  the  engraving.  In  IHiil,  he  was 
about  25  years  of  age.  At  tlie  age  of  21,  lie  was  so  distinguished  l)y  lij^ 
abilities  and  prowess,  that  lie  was  culled  the  "bravest  of  the  braves."  But  fisw 
years  previous  to  1821,  it  was  a  custom,  not  only  with  his  nation,  but  tbose 
adjacent,  to  torture  and  burn  ca|)tive8  as  sacrifices  to  the  groat  Star.  Jn  an 
expedition  performed  by  some  of  his  countrymen  against  the  Iteans,  a  lenmle 
was  taken,  who,  on  their  return,  was  doomed  to  sufl'er  according  to  their 
usages.  She  was  fawtened  to  the  stake,  and  a  vast  crowd  assembled  upon 
the  adjoining  plain  to  witnes.^  the  scene.  This  brave,  unobserved,  had  sta- 
tioned two  fleet  horses  at  a  small  distance,  and  was  seated  among  tlie  crowd 
88  a  silent  spectator.  All  were  anxiously  wait'Mg  to  enjoy  the  spectacle  of 
the  fii"8t  contact  of  the  flames  with  their  victim  when,  to  their  astonislunent, 
a  brave  was  seen  rending  asunder  the  cords  wi..ch  bound  her,  and,  with  tlie 
Bwifhiess  of  thought,  bearing  her  in  his  arms  beyond  the  amazed  multitiidt'  • 
where  placing  her  upon  one  horse,  and  mounting  himself  upon  the  other 
he  bore  her  off  safe  to  her  friends  and  country.  This  act  would  have  endan- 
gered the  life  of  an  ordinary  chief;  but  such  was  his  sway  in  the  tribe,  that 
no  one  presumed  to  censure  the  daring  act. 

This  transaction  was  the  more  extraordinary,  as  its  performer  was  as 
much  a  son  of  nature,  and  had  had  no  more  of  the  advantages  of  education 
than  the  multitude  whom  he  astonished  i)y  the  humane  act  just  recorded. 

This  account  being  circulated  at  Washington,  during  the  young  chief's 
stay  ^here,  the  young  ladies  of  Miss  ffhite's  seminary  in  that  ])la'*e  resolved 
to  give  him  a  demonstration  of  the  high  esteem  in  which  they  held  him  on 
account  of  his  humane  conduct ;  they  therefore  presented  him  an  elegant 
silver  medal,  appropriately  inscribed,  accompanied  by  the  following  short  hut 
affectionate  address:  "Brother,  accept  this  token  of  our  esteem — always 
wear  it  for  our  sakes,  and  when  again  you  have  the  power  to  save  a  poor 
woman  from  death  and  torture,  think  of  this,  and  of  us,  and  fly  to  licr 
relief  and  her  rescue."  The  brave's  reply : — "  This  [taking  hold  of  the 
medal  which  he  had  just  suspended  from  his  neck]  iinllgive  me  more  cast  than 
I  ever  had,  and  I  tcill  listen  viore  than  I  ever  did  to  white  men.  I  avi  s;lad  that 
my  brothers  and  sisters  have  heard  of  the  good  act  I  have  done.  My  brothers  and 
sisters  think  that  I  did  it  in  ignorance,  but  I  now  know  tvhat  I  have  done.  I 
did  it  in  ignorance,  and  did  not  knoiv  thai  I  did  good ;  but  by  giving  me  this 
medal  I  know  it." 

Some  time  afler  the  attempt  to  sacrifice  the  Itean  woman,  one  of  the 
warriors  of  Letelesha  brought  to  the  nation  a  Spanish  boy,  whom  he  had 
taken.  The  warrior  was  resolved  to  sacrifice  him  to  Venus,  and  the  time 
was  appointed.  Letelesha  had  a  long  time  end(,'avored  to  do  away  the  nistoin, 
and  now  consulted  Petalesharoo  upon  the  coiii"so  to  be  pursued.  The  youiiif 
brave  said,  "I  will  rescue  the  boy,  as  a  warrior  should,  by  force."  His  father 
was  unwilling  that  he  should  expose  his  life  a  second  time,  and  used  grrnt 
exertions  to  raise  a  sufficient  quantity  of  merchandise  for  tlie  jiurchase  of  tlic 
captive.  All  that  were  able  contribut(>d,  and  a  jiile  was  made  of  it  ut  tho 
lodge  of  the  Knife-chief,  who  then  summoned  the  wamor  beibre  him.  Wiicii 
be  had  arrived,  the  chief  commanded  him  to  take  the  merchandisr,  iuul 
deliver  the  boy  to  him.  The  warrior  retiised.  Letelesha  then  waved  his 
war-club  in  the  air,  bade  the  warrior  olxjy  or  prepare  for  instant  doatli. 
"  Strike,"  said  Petelesharoo,  "  /  tinll  meet  the  vengeance  of  his  fncmls."  Hut  tho 
prudent  and  excellent  Letelesha  resolved  to  use  one  more  endeavor  bel()re 
committing  such  an  act.  He  therefore  increased  tho  amount  of  property, 
which  had  the  desired  effect.  The  boy  was  surrendered,  and  the  vuhud'ie 
collection  of  goods  sacrificed  in  his  stead.*     This,  it  is  thought,  will  be  tlio 

*  Long,  ut  supra,  35-78. 


Chap.  VII.]       me' 

Inst  time  the  inbni 
of  this  .sangiiiiian 
their  interconi-sn  v 
of  their  entcrprisi 
adhering  to  the  du 
III  hi.s  way  to  ' 
Mr.  JVeagle  had  a  f 
with  wonderful  sii 
aii  '  idoi-ns  tlie  i^cr 
/JirrrU,  chief, 
of  the  ojiposition 
1821,  he  resided  ii 
182J,  we  find  hJH 
At  the  treatv  of  Cli 
ingspeiTh,  After  (Jo 
"My  father,— W, 
retii-e  to  our  camps 
us  at  present.     [Tl 
coiiiicii  Was  again  ( 
becaii.se  we  had  pro 
upon  among  ounselv 
what  we  say.    Yon 
and  wiien  we  .s,it  oi 
ships  and  diffieni*"  ■■- 
away  to  a  small  si;-,, 
reflect  much  upon  w 
all  the  chiefs  and  wi 
our  tribe,  that  one  ii 
may  he  witness  of  w 
you  first  came  atnoii 
tentive  ear,  and  hav 
have  had  a  proposal  i 
us,  we  have  always  U 
'yes.'    This  you  km 
our  land.s,  and  our  < 
sense.     We  are  all  ' 
they  would  not  njipr 
their  spirits,  if  we  se 
we  do  not  sell  them. 
we  have  counselled  a 
the  land.     Our  count 
to  hunt  upon,  to  ma 
our  beds  upon  whi-n 
bar-rain  it  away.     W 
we  IukI  a  little,  and 
conld  spMi-e  no  mon 
We  have  sold  \ou  ;. 
Sflhl  it  to  you  "for  th. 
we  hav(!  now  hut  lit 
not  how  long  we  iiia\ 
tojiiiiit  Ui)on.     You 
children  are  driviii<r  n 
yoii  lia\e,  you  may^rc 
Perliaps,  that  I  speak  i 
[iKf!  one  of  your  owi 
hunting  and  fishing,  b 
now  to  bring  tip  my  , 
0  hmd  at  St.  ftfarys. 
children,  and  the    las 
last  you  would  ask  fo 


I.'"(? 


Chap.  VIL]       METEA'S  SPEECH  AGAINST  SELLING  LAND. 


139 


in  liU 
0  was 
l»y  Ilia 
ut  I'ow 
t  tboso 
In  an 
I'enmle 

0  tiicir 
(I  upon 
md  stu- 
crowd, 

tucle  of 
slinient, 
ivitli  the  * 
ihitncli- ;  J: 
le  otiicr,     ■ 

1  eiidan- 
ibe,  tluit 

was  as 

tlurution 

rdcd. 

g  cliief's 
resolved 

1  l)ini  on 

n  elegant 

short  but    ; 

I — always    j- 
e  a  [loor    f 
y  to  lier    J 
I  of  the 
cast  limn 
fflad  that 
lihers  and 
done.    I 
ng  mc  this 

lie  of  the 
n  be  had 
the  time 
rustom, 
le  yoiin;; 
is  fathiT 
ised  ftroat 
asc  of  the 
it  at  th- 
.    When 
idiso,  and 
waved  liis 
unt  doiitli. 
But  tiK' 
vor  bel()re 
property, 
0  vttlual'le 
ill  be  the 


i 


Inst  time  tlm  inliiiman  cnstnin  will  bo  attemittod  in  the  tribe.  "The  origin 
of  this  sanguinnry  Harrifice  is  iniknown ;  prolvably  it  existed  pnsvioiisly  to 
their  intereonrsn  with  the  white  traders."  *  They  believed  that  the  success 
of  their  enterprises,  and  all  inulcrtakin^s,  depended  upon  their  faithfully 
adhering  to  the  duo  perforuiance  of  tiiesi!  rites. 

In  his  way  to  Washington,  he  staid  snine  days  in  Philadelphia,  where 
Mr.  .Yeasrle  had  a  fine  opportunity  of  taking  his  portrait,  which  he  pcirforined 
with  wonderfid  success.  It  was  copied  ihr  Dr.  Godinan^s  Natural  History, 
all '  idorns  the  second  volume  of  that  valuable  work. 

RiFiTFiA,  ciiief  of  the  I'ottowattoniies,  is  brought  to  onr  notice  on  accoinit 
of  the  op])osition  In;  made  to  the  sale  of  u  large  tract  of  his  country.     In 
1821,  he  resided  upon  the  Wabash.     To  nuiueroiis  treaties,  from  1814  to 
1821,  we  find  bis  name,  and  generally  at  the  bead  of  those  of  his  tribe. 
At  the  treaty  of  Chicago,  in  tin;  year  last  mentioned,  he  delivered  the  follow- 
ing speech,  after  (Joveruor  Caw  had  iidbrmed  him  of  the  objects  of  bis  mission. 
"My  fiither, — We  have  listened  to  what  you  have  said.     We  shall  now 
retire  to  our  camps  and  consult  ujton  it.    You  will  hear  nothing  more  from 
us  at  present.     [This  is  a  uniform  custom  of  all  the  Indians.     When  the 
council  was  again  convened,  JMeka  contiinied.]     We  meet  you  here  to-day, 
because  we  had  i)romised  it,  t<-  fell  you  our  minds,  and  what  we  have  asrrced 
upon  among  ourselves.     You  will  listen  to  us  with  a  good  miiitl,  and  b(^li(!ve 
what  we  say.    You  know  that  we  t^rst  cam(i  to  this  country,  a  long  time  ago, 
and  when  we  sat  otu'selveK  down  upon  it,  we  met  with  a  gn^at  many  bard- 
ships  and  difficul*'         Our  lountry  was  then  very  large ;  but  it  has  dwindled 
away  to  a  small  sp.'.i,  and  you  ".vir:li  to  purchase  that!     This  has  caused  us  to 
reflect  much  upon  what  you  have  tohl  us;  and  we  have,  therefore,  brought 
all  the  cinefs  and  warriors,  and  the  young  men  and  woirien  and  children  of 
onr  tribe,  that  one  part  may  not  do  what  the  others  objtict  to,  and  that  all 
maybe  witness  of  what  is  going  forward.     You  know  your  children.     Since 
yon  first  came  among  them,  they  have  listened  to  your  words  with  an  at- 
tentive ear,  and  have  always  Inmrkened  to  yoin*  coimsels.    Whenever  you 
have  had  a  proposal  to  unikc  to  tis,  whenever  you  have  bad  a  favor  to  ask  of 
us,  we  have  always  lent  a  favorable  ear,  and  our  invariable  answer  has  been 
'yes.'    This  you  know !     A  long  time  has  passed  since  we  first  came  upon 
our  lands,  and  our  old  ])eoj)le  have  all  sunk  into  their  graves.     They  bad 
sense.     We  are  all  young  and  foolish,  and  do  not  wish  to  do  any  thing  that 
they  would  lutt  np|)rove,  were  they  living.    We  are  fearful  we  shall  offend 
their  spirits,  if  we  sell  our  laiuls;  and  we  are  iearful  we  shall  offend  you,  if 
we  do  not  sell  them.     This  has  caused  us  great  perplexity  of  thought,  because 
we  have  counselled  among  ourselves,  and  do  not  know  bow  we  can  part  with 
the  land.     Our  country  was  given  to  us  by  the  CJreat  Spirit,  who  gave  it  to  us 
to  hunt  upon,  to  make  our  cornfields  upon,  to  live  u|)on,  and  to  make  down 
our  beds  upon  when  we  die.     And  he  woidd   never  forgive  us,  should  we 
bargain  it  away.     When  you  first  s|)oke  to  us  for  laiuls  at  St.  Mary's,  we  said 
we  bad  a  little,  and  agreed  to  sell  you  a  jiiece  of  it ;  but  we  told  you  we 
could  sjtMre  no  more.     Now  you  Jisk  us  again.     You  are  never  satisfied! 
We  have  sold  you  ;<  great  tract  of  land,  already ;  but  it  is  not  enough  !     We 
sold  it  to  you  for  the   benefit  of  your  children,  to  farm  and  to  live  upon. 
We  liave  now  but  little  left.     We  shall  want  it  all  fiir  ourselves.     We  know 
not  bow  long  we  may  live,  and  we  wish  to  have  some  lands  for  our  children 
to  limit  ui)on.    You  are  gradually  taking  away  our  hunting-grounds.     Your 
cliildien  are  driving  us  before  them.     We  are  growing  uneasy.     What  lands 
yon  have,  you  may  retain  forever;  but  we  shall  sell  no  more.     You  think, 
perhaps,  that  I  speak  in  passion  ;  but  my  heart  is  good  towards  you.     I  speak 
like  one  of  your  own  children.     I  am  an  Indian,  a  red-skin,  and  live  by 
hunting  and  fishing,  but  my  country  is  already  too  small ;  and  I  do  not  know 
how  to  bring  up  my  children,  if  I  give  it  all  away.     We  sold  yob  a  fine  tract 
of  land  at  St.  Marys.     We  said  to  you  then  it  was  enough  to  satisfy  your 
children,  and  the   last  we  should  sell :   and  we   thought   it  would   be   the 
!t  yon  would  ask  for.    We  have  now  told  you  what  wc  had  to  say.    It  is 


Long,  ut  supra,  357-8. 


140 


KEEVVAGOUSIIKUM.— AN  HISTORICAL  SPEECH.        [Book  V. 


what  was  (Ictermiiicd  on,  in  a  council  ai.iong  ourselves;  and  wlmt  I  have 
spoki'ii,  is  tlie  voice  of  my  nation.  On  tliis  account,  all  our  people  liuvo 
couK!  Iiere  to  listen  to  nic;  but  do  not  think  we  have  a  had  opinion  of 
you,  Wliere  sliould  we  f;et  a  bad  opinion  of  you  ?  Wo  speak  to  you 
with  a  good  heart,  and  the  feelings  of  a  friend.  You  are  acquainted  with 
this  pi»;co  of  land — the  country  we  live  in.  Shall  we  give  it  up  ?  Take 
notice,  it  is  a  small  ))iece  of  land,  and  if  we  give  it  away,  what  will  become 
of  us  ?  The  Great  S|)irit,  who  has  provided  it  for  our  use,  Hows  us  to  kcci) 
it,  to  bring  uj)  oiu'  young  men  and  su|)portour*aMiilies.  We  should  incur  ills 
anger,  if  w«'  bartered  it  away.  If  we  had  more  land,  you  shoidd  get  nioro- 
but  our  land  has  i)een  wasting  away  ever  since  the  white  people  became  our 
neighbors,  and  we  have  now  hardly  enough  leit  to  cover  the  bones  of  our 
tribe.  You  are  in  the  midst  of  your  red  children.  What  is  due  to  us  in 
money,  we  wish,  and  will  receive  at  this  phice ;  and  we  want  nothing  more. 
We  all  shake  iiands  with  you.  Behold  our  warriors,  our  women,  and  cliii- 
dren.    Take  pity  on  us  and  on  our  words." 

Notwithstanding  the  decisive  huiguage  held  hy  Metea  in  this  speech,  against 
selling  lainl,  yet  his  name  is  to  the  treaty  of  sale.  And  in  another  speech  of 
about  equal  length,  delivered  shortly  after,  upon  the  same  subject,  the  sunie 
det(;rmination  is  manifest  throughout. 

At  this  time  he  ajjpeared  to  be  about  forty  years  of  age,  and  of  a  nol)le 
and  dignified  apj)eararice.  He  is  allowed  to  be  the  most  eloquent  chief  of 
his  nation.  In  the  last  war,  he  fought  against  the  Americans,  and,  in  the 
attfick  on  Fort  Wayne,  was  severely  wounded ;  on  which  account  he  draws  a 
pension  from  the  British  government.* 

At  the  time  of  the  treaty  of  Chicago,  of  which  we  have  made  mention 
several  other  chiefs,  besides  Metea,  or,  as  his  name  is  sometimes  written 
Meetei/d,  were  very  prominent,  and  deserve  a  remembrance.  Among  tlicni 
may  \w  particularlv  named 

KEKWAGOUSHKUM,a  chief  of  the  first  autliority  in  the  Ottowa  nation. 
We  shall  give  a  speech  which  he  made  at  the  time,  which  is  considered 
veiy  valuable,  as  well  on  account  of  the  history  it  contains,  as  for  its  merits 
in  other  respects.  Indian  History  by  an  Indian,  must  be  the  most  valuable 
part  of  any  work  about  them.     Keewagoushkum  began  : — 

"My  father,  listen  to  me!  The  first  white  people  seen  by  us  were  the 
Frencti.  When  they  first  ventured  into  these  lakes,  they  hailed  us  as  children ; 
they  came  with  presents  and  promises  of  peace,  and  we  took  them  by  the 
hand.  We  gave  them  what  they  wanted,  and  initiated  them  into  our  iiioile 
of  life,  which  they  readily  fell  into.  After  some  time,  during  which  we  had 
become  well  acquainted,  we  embraced  their  father,  (tlie  king  of  France,)  as 
our  father.  Shortly  after,  these  people  that  wear  red  coats,  (the  English,) 
came  to  this  country,  and  overthrew  the  French ;  and  they  extended  tlicir 
hand  to  us  in  friendsiup.  As  soon  as  the  French  were  overthrown,  the  Britisli 
told  us,  *Wo  will  clothe  you  in  the  same  manner  the  French  did.  We  will 
suj)ply  you  with  all  you  want,  and  will  purchase  all  your  peltries,  as  they  did.' 
Sure  enough !  after  the  British  took  possession  of  the  country,  ihey  fiilfiiied 
all  their  promise.s.  When  they  told  us  we  should  have  any  thing,  we  were 
sure  to  get  it ;  and  we  got  from  them  the  best  goods. — Some  tinu^  after  the 
British  had  b(!en  in  possession  of  the  country,  it  was  reported  that  another 

f)eople,  who  wore  white  clothes,  had  arisen  and  driven  the  British  out  of  the 
and.  These  people  we  first  met  at  Greenville,  [in  1795,  to  tri'at  with  Cenoial 
fVaijne,]  and  took  them  by  the  hand. — Wlien  the  Indians  fir.st  met  the  Aincri- 
can  chief,  [fVayne.]  in  council,  there  were  but  few  Ottowas  j)resent;  blithe 
said  to  tliem,  'Wlien  I  sit  myself  down  at  Detroit,  you  wi||  all  see  nic' 
Shortly  after,  he  arrived  at  Detroit.  Proclamation  was  then  made  for  all  the 
Indians  to  come  in. — We  were  told,  [by  the  general,]  '  The  reason  I  do  not 
push  those  British  farther  is,  that  we  may  not  forget  tlieir  example  in  giving 
you  presents  of  cloth,  arms,  ammunition,  and  whatever  else  you  may  require.' 
Sure  enough !  The  first  time,  we  were  clothed  with  great  liberality.  You 
gave  us  strouds,  guns,  ammunition,  and  many  other  things  we  stood  in  need 

*  Schoolcraft's  Travels. 


Chap.  VIH.] 

of;  and  said,  «This 
also  said,  that  who 
When  the  Indians 
heard  it  with  both 
the  Pottowattomiei 
separated  li-oin  eac 
ties  of  blood,  langu 
things  have  been  f 
consulting  us." «  f 

tract  ofland  at  Saga 

but  we  received  nci 

towattofuies,  Ottowj 

their  lands  without 

much  that  we  can  ii( 

may  think  I  have  c< 

share  of  lands  to  wIj 

We  have  never  be 

Detroit  last  fall,  Gov. 

and  listen  to  what  h, 

woods,  and  never  set 

among  us,  we  Jmve  r 

our  neighbors,  and  t( 

lire  independently,  a 

'pceived  notliing  less 

the  present  treaty,  is  i 

"Aseriesof  niisfor 

friendly,  modest,  and  i 

while  off  the  mouth  o 

by  a  flaw  of  wind  and 

and  all  his  children,  e? 

shore ;  but,  as  if  to  en 

been  poisoned  for  the 

The  result  of  this  t 

pewas,  and  Pottowatto 

peninsula  of  Michigan 

iliey  received  of  the  Ui' 

funis  were  awarded  t 

others  for  a  limited  ter 

treaty  were  opposed  to 

son  was  poisoned. 


Black-hawk's  war— Hi 
them— Murders  among 
-Dies  m  prison— Trial 
*o  Menoniinies — Indiar 
party— This  occasions 
arms  them  beyond  the 
turn  again  to  their  villa 
them— They  retreat  up 


/ 


It  will  be  necessary,  j 
'"ilians  as  will  often  be 
fciie  ourselves  to  such 
0'  tlie  Lakes  Michigan 
nei)Hgos.  Tliis  tribe  in 
rises  between  the  Lak 
Itself  into  the  Mississirip 
«ere  found  seated  liere 


;  V. 


Chap.  VIII] 


DLACK-HAWK. 


141 


ave 
lavo 

of 
you 
with 
riike 
oiiic 
keep 
r  his 
loro ; 
J  niir 
f  our 
VIS  ill 
more, 

cliil- 

f^aiiiMt 
cli  of 
suiiie 

nol)le 
liof  of 
in  tlie 
raws  a 

entioii, 
vritten, 
U  them 

nation.  f 

siilered  | 

i  merits  | 

/uluable  fi 

ere  the 

liihlren; 
by  tiie 

nr  inoile 

we  liad 

ince,)  as 

ish,) 

111  their 

British 

l\V«'  will 

hievdid.' 
iidfilled 

Iwe  were 
tiller  the 
aiiotiier 
It  of  tlie 
General 
!  Aineri- 
;  blithe 

I  see  me.' 

br  all  the 

I  do  not 

lin  giving 

I  require.' 
|ty.    You 

II  in  need 


of,  and  snid,  '  This  is  the  way  you  mny  nlways  exj)oct  to  ho  nsod.'  It  was 
also  said,  that  wluiiievor  we  were  in  <]freat  necessity,  you  would  lielp  us. — 
When  the  Indians  on  the  Maiiinec  were  tirst  about  to  sell  their  lands,  we 
heard  it  with  l)oth  ears,  but  we  never  received  a  dollar. — The  Chippewas, 
the  Pottowattomicf,  and  the  Ottowas  ivere,  origiiiallu,  but  ont  nation.  We 
separated  from  each  other  near  Micliilimacktuac.  We  wore  related  by  the 
ties  of  blood,  languaj,'e  and  interest ;  but  in  the  courst*  of  a  long  time,  these 
things  have  been  forgotten,  and  both  nations  have  sold  their  lands,  without 
consulting  us." — "Oiu"  brothers,  the  Cliip))ewa8,  have  also  sold  you  a  large 
tract  of  land  at  Saganaw.  People  are  constantly  passing  through  the  country, 
but  we  received  neither  invitation  nor  money.  It  is  surprising  that  the  Pot- 
towattomies,  Ottowas,  and  Cir»i>|)ewas,  who  are  all  one  nation,  should  sell 
their  lands  without  giving  each  other  notice.  Have  we  then  degenerated  so 
much  that  we  can  no  longer  trust  one  another? — Perhaps  the  Pottowattotnies 
may  think  I  have  come  here  on  a  begging  journq|r,  that  I  wish  to  claim  a 
share  of  lands  to  which  my  [)eople  are  not  entitled.  I  tell  thcni  it  is  not  so. 
We  have  never  begged,  and  shall  not  now  commence.  When  I  went  to 
Detroit  last  fall,  Governor  Cass  told  me  to  come  to  this  jilnce,  at  this  time, 
and  listen  to  wliat  he  had  to  say  in  coimcil.  As  we  live  a  great  way  in  the 
woods,  and  never  see  white  people  except  in  the  fall,  when  the  traders  come 
among  us,  we  have  not  so  many  opportunities  to  profit  by  this  intercourse  aa 
our  neighbors,  and  to  get  what  necessaries  we  require  ;  but  we  make  out  to 
live  inde])endently,  and  trade  upon  our  own  lands.  We  have,  heretofore, 
'eceived  nothing  less  than  justice  fiwri  the  Americans,  and  all  we  expect,  in 
the  present  treaty,  is  a  full  j)ro|)ortion  of  the  money  and  goods." 

"A  series  of  misfortunes,"  says  Mr.  Schoolcraft,  "has  since  overtaken  this 
friendly,  modest,  and  sensible  chief.  On  returning  from  the  treaty  of  T  icago, 
while  off  the  mouth  of  Grand  River,  in  Lake  Michigan,  his  canoe  was  struck 
by  a  flaw  of  wind  and  upset.  After  making  every  exertion,  he  saw  his  wife 
and  all  his  children,  except  one  son,  perish.  With  his  son  be  reached  the 
shore ;  but,  as  if  to  crown  his  misfortunes,  this  only  surviving  child  has  since 
been  poisoned  for  the  i)art  he  took  in  the  treaty." 

The  result  of  this  treaty  was  the  relinquishment,  by  the  Ottowas,  Chip- 
pewas, and  Pottowattomies,  of  a  tract  of  country  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
peninsula  of  Michigan,  containing  upwards  of  5,000,000  acres,  and  for  which 
they  received  of  the  United  States,  in  goods,  35,000  dollars ;  and  several  other 
sums  were  awarded  to  the  separate  tribes,  to  some  yearly  forever,  and  to 
others  for  a  limited  term  of  years.  Some  of  the  chiefs  who  attended  to  the 
treaty  were  opposed  to  this  sale,  and  hence  the  reason  that  KtewagoushkunCa 
son  was  poisoned. 


CHAPTER  Vm. 

Biack-hawk's  7car — Historical  account  of  the  tribes  engaged  in  it — Treaty  between 

them Murders  aviong  the  Sioux  and  Chippewas — Red-bird — Taken  for  murder 

—Dies  in  prison — Trial  and  execution  of  Indians — Black-hawk — The  Sues  murder 
23  Menominies — Indians  insulted —  Their  country  sold  without  the  consent  oj  a  large 
party— This  occasions  the  war — Ordered  to  leave  their  country — General  Gaines 
drives  them  beyond  the  Mississippi — Conclude  a  Treaty — Treaty  broken — Sacs  re- 
turn again  to  their  village — Determine  on  war — General  Atkinson  marches  against 
them — They  retreat  up  Rock  River. 

It  will  be  necessary,  in  this  chapter,  to  give  some  account  of  such  tribes  of 
Indians  as  will  often  be  mentioned  as  we  proceed.  We  shall,  however,  con- 
fine ourselves  to  such  tribes  as  took  part  in  the  late  war  in  the  neighborhood 
of  the  Lakes  Michigan  and  Superior,  more  especially  ;  and  firstly,  of  the  Win- 
nebiigos.  This  tribe  inhabit  the  country  upon  the  Oui.sconsin,  a  river  that 
rises  between  the  Lakes  Superior  and  Michigan,  and  which  disembogues 
iLself  into  the  Mississippi,  near  the  S.  W.  angle  of  the  N.  W.  territory.  They 
were  found  seated  here  when  the  country  was  first  visited  by  whites,  about 


v'.;.:ri'^,r 


m 


■  ]■'[■■ 


142 


DLACK-HAWK. 


[Book  V. 


ISO  years  ajyo,  and  hero  tlioy  still  rniiiain.  In  1820,  tlioy  wero  snppo.sod  to 
nuniIxT  1550  sDnIs,  of  wlioni  500  weiv  men,  .'{50  women,  and  700  i-liildivn 
and  lived  in  tt-n  towns  or  villafrcs.*  A  iiody  of  VVinnchaj^'o  wuriiors  was  ia 
tho  fif,'lit  at  Ti|»|»c(!anoc,  nndcr  tlic  impostor  FAlskwalawn.  Sanaiiuihhonifit, 
called  Stonc-taUr,  and  HapaiiKtiiifwa,  or  )f'liilc-lo(in,  were  h aders  of  tlie  Win. 
ncbago  warriors.  Tlie  latt(M-  was  one  that  opposcid  (jeneral  IVaijnr.  in  I7<)4 
bnt  was  reeoneiled  to  tin;  Anuuieans  in  17!»5,  by  the  treaty  of  (jreenviih..! 
He  also  treated  with  Centn-al  Harrison,  in  lbO!>,  at  Fort  Wayn«!,  and  ajrain  at 
Greenville  in  1814  ;  bnt  be  was  aetive  in  the  war  of  18iy,  and  on  tlie  Hritisli 
8id(;.  Winnebago  Lake,  wbieb  discharges  its  waters  into  (iret^n  May,  wms 
probably  named  from  this  tribe  of  Indians,  or,  wliat  is  (|nite  as  probable,  tiiey 
received  their  namt-  from  the  lake. 

Seeondly,  the  Menoniinies.  This  tribe  inhabits  a  river  bearing  tliejr  naiuc 
and  is  sitnated  abont  one  degree  north  of  the  Winnebagos,  froni  vvhoni  tlicy 
are  separated  by  a  rangt;  tf  moimtains.  Th(;y  nund)ered  in  IH'JO,  accDnJinir 
to  some,  abont  .'i55  persons,  of  whom  not  more  than  100  were  lighters  •  but 
this  estimate  conid  apply  only,  it  is  thonght,  to  the  most  popnlous  trilie. 

Thirdly,  tlie  Pottowattomies,  or  Pontconatamis.  This  nation  was  (;arly 
known  to  the  French.  In  the  year  KMJH,  800  of  them  visited  Father  .Vloucz 
at  a  place  which  the  French  called  Chagonamigon,  which  is  an  island  in 
Lake  Snperior.  There  was  among  them  at  this  time  an  old  man  100  years 
old,  of  whom  bis  nation  reported  wonderfnl  things;  among  others,  that  liu 
conld  go  withont  food  20  days,  and  that  he  often  saw  the  Great  Sjjint.  Ho 
•was  taken  sick  here,  and  died  in  a  few  days  atter.t 

The  conntry  of  the  Pottowattomies  is  adjacent  to  the  south  end  of  Lake 
Michigan,  in  Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  in  1820  their  munbers  were  set  down 
at  3400.  At  that  time  the  United  States  paid  them  yearly  5700  dollars.  Of 
this,  350  dollars  remained  a  permanent  aiuiuity  until  the  late  war. 

Fourthly,  the  Sacs  and  Foxes.  These  are  usually  mentioned  together,  and 
are  now  really  but  one  nation.  They  also  had  the  gospel  taught  thein  about 
16G8,  by  the  Jesuits.  They  live  to  the  west  of  the  Pottowattomies,  generailv 
between  the  Illinois  and  Mississippi  Rivers,  in  the  state  of  Illinois.  The  cliief 
of  the  Sauks,  or  Sacs,  for  at  least  14  years,  has  been  Keokuk.  Of  liini  \vc 
sludl  particularly  speak  in  due  course.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  supposed 
to  amount,  in  1820,  to  about  3000  persons  in  all ;  one  fillh  of  whom  may  be 
accounted  warriors. 

Thus  we  have  taken  a  view  of  the  most  important  points  in  the  history  of 
the  tribes  which  were  engaged  in  the  late  border  war  under  Black-hawk,  and 
are,  therefore,  i)repared  to  proceed  in  the  narration  of  the  events  of  that  war. 
It  will  be  necessju'y  for  us  to  begin  with  some  events  as  early  as  1823;  at 
which  i)eriod  a  chief  of  the  Winnebagos,  called  Red-bird,  was  the  most  con- 
spicuous. This  year,  the  United  States'  agents  held  a  treaty  at  Prairie  du 
Chien,  with  the  Sacs,  Foxes.  Winnebagos,  Chippeways,  Sioux,  &c.,  for  tlio 
purpose,  among  other  things,  of  bringing  about  a  |)eace  between  the  tirst- 
ninned  tribe  and  the  others,  who  were  carrying  on  bloody  wars  among  tliciii- 
selves;  the  treaty  stipidated  that  each  trib(!  slionid  confine  itself  to  certain 
bomularies,  which  were  designated  ;  and  as  i)arties  from  them  all  were  con- 
stantly visiting  the  United  States'  forts,  upon  business,  or  various  otiitjr  occa- 
sions, it  was  agreed  that  any  [)arty  should  be  jjrotected  from  insult  or  injury 
''  ju)  any  other  Indians  while  upon  such  visits.  It  would  not  seem,  however, 
that  the  makers  of  the  treaty  could  have  supposed  that  any  such  agreement 
would  avail  much,  where  deep  hatred  existed  between  any  of  the  jjurtics ; 
for  the  very  circumstance  of  |)rotection  being  offered,  would  lead  directly  to 
difficulty,  by  placing  one  i)arty  in  a  situation  exactly  to  accommodate  another, 
in  their  peculiar  method  of  surprise  ;  nor  could  any  one  have  supposed  tiiat 
any  fear  of  punishment  froju  the  whites  woultl  have  been  ecpial  to  the 
gratification  of  nivenge.  Yet  the  motives  of  the  whites  wero  good,  however 
little  was  effected  by  them. 

As  was  expected,  frequent  murders  happened  among  the  Indians ;  and  it  was 

•  Dr.  Morse  rated  tliem  at  5000.     Ind.  Report,  Ap.  302. 
t  Cluirlevoix,  Hist,  de  la  Nouv.  Fraiice,  i.  HOo. 


Chap.  Vlll.j 

not  often  that  tho: 

in  the  summer  of 

were  surj.rised  by 

llie  coiiiniandant 

into  the  haruls  of 

tlie  <lir(Ttions  oft! 

the  procr-edings  oi 

upon  the  (;iiipp,.„ 

alter,  but  was  defi. 

neighbors  derich-d 

What  were  the  . 

known,  nor  is  it  in' 

certam  it  is,  he  ban 

tiic  Chippowas;  lij, 

WHS  to  revenge  the 

fold,  Were  (jxecute 

Mdhodt,  near  Piuii 

case. 

.  --^s  he  could  not  i 
"Iff  It  afnong  the  w 
'I<'«pertulof's,  like  hi 
to  I'ran-ie  des  Cjii,.,, 
and  wounded  a  thin 
which  they  !)ought  n 
NX  days  alh*r,  J„Jy  ; 
kee|-|)oats  that  had  I 
nunc  into  the  ambu 
caped  witli  the  loss  c 
'''"Other  fell  into  tl 
Jiiiich  injury. 

Notice  has  probah 
pvx'iits  ;  but  as  lie  rel( 
sihit!  to  assign  some 
Not  long  afVor  thes 
into  the  Winnebago  c 
>iueceedcd  in  makin-r 
jvere  held  i„  confinen 
On  the  25  October,  M 
lli(\V  were  tried,  all  cj 
S}m,mu\  Chik-honEr-sl 
for  the  miu-der  of  Tfe. 
of  which  t  -cntion  ha 
honfr-sic  was  tried  lor 
saiiif,  as  his  accomp 
scalping  Louisa  Gasr. 
were  brought  in  guilt 
ami  If  allien  was  accj 
im-hontr-sic  was  aci 
of  the  /blowing  Dece 
The  two  charged  w 
'•■'I  Ity  a  7ioUe  prosequi 
"»;"  witten,  and  Kai 
prisonei-s  cJiarged  wit 
flmi-go  not  being  .sust 
Wiisalsoasonof^et^. 
lliiis  it  appears  a  y( 
|li'y  were  brought  to  1 
imprisoned  Indians  te 
could  have  been,  iuflj, 
ni'tted.    They   cannot 
at  once  be  punished,  ai 
act  when  guilty:  the 


IK    V. 


Chap.  VIII] 


TRIAL  OF  SKVEN   INDIANS. 


143 


['(1  to 

(Ircii, 
iiH  ill 

"".!r"i 
W'iii- 
17'.>4, 
iivillc. 
nil)  at 
liritisli 
)\  was 
L',  tlioy 

iiaiiii', 

II  tlicy 
Miriliiii; 

rs ;  Imt 

8  curly 
tUloucz, 
ilaiul  ill 
0  years 
tliat  lie 
rit.    Ho 

of  Lake 
K't  ilown 

irs.  or 

tlicr,  and 

III  about 
generally 
ilie  cliief 

liiiii  we 

Isupposed 

may  be 

listory  of 

\iawk,  and 

tliat  war. 

iet>:};  at 

uowt  cou- 
''rairie  du 
'.,  for  tlie 
tlie  first- 
»ng  tlieiu- 
;o  cortain 
Lveni  c<)M- 
Itlitu-  occa- 
or  injury 
however, 
ligreemcnt 
Ic  parties; 
Lirectly  to 
|te  another, 
Iposcd  that 
liial  to  the 
[1,  however 

,  and  it  was 


not  oftfiii  thiit  thoso  guilty  of  thoin  roiilil  l»o  found  or  rcc.ogniz.'d.  At  longth, 
in  tiie  Hiiiiiiiicr  of  IHti?,  a  party  of  ^4  ('hip|H'\vMs,  on  a  tour  lo  Koit  r^ncliing, 
won?  surprised  liy  II  iiaiul  o|" Sioux,  wiio  killed  and  wounded  eight  of  tnein. 
Tilt)  coiniiiaiidiint  of  l"'ort  Snelliiig  captured  liiiir  of  tlieiii,  whom  he  delivered 
into  the  hands  of  the  ChippewuH,  who  iiiiUK  iliately  shot  tlieiii,  aecordiiig  to 
the  directions  of  the  couiiiuuidant.  A  Sioux  chief,  named  KKOiinu),  resented 
the  procciHlings  of  tho  commundant,  and  residved  upon  a  fm-ther  retaliation 
npon  the  ('hippuwus.  Accordingly,  ho  led  a  war  parly  against  them  soon 
ulter,  but  was  «lefeatod;  and  upon  his  return  liome  from  the  ox]iudition,  his 
neiglil)ors  derided  him,  as  being  no  brnvc. 

VVhat  were  tlu;  gniunds  of  Kal-binrs  enmity  in  the  first  place  is  now  un- 
known, nor  is  it  important  to  be  inquii">d  into  in  our  pri^seiit  liusiness;  but 
certain  it  is,  he  liad,  or  conceived  that  he  had,  just  cause  for  bis  attack  upon 
the  Chippcwas;  bis  last  and  unsuccessful  expedition  against  them,  liow(>ver, 
was  to  revenge  the  execution  of  those  at  l"'ort  Snelling,  who,  he  hud  been 
tnid,  were  executed  for  the  murder  of  a  lamily  of  seven  persons,  named 
MeUiodt,  near  Prairie  des  Chiens.  This,  however,  was  not  very  likely  the 
case. 

As  he  could  not  get  revenge  of  the  Cliippewas,  Red-hird  resolved  on  seek- 
ing it  among  the  whites,  their  abettors;  therefore,  with  two  or  f!:ree  other 
i    desjieriuloes,  like  himself,  of  whom  Black-hawk  was  probably  one,  \w.  repaired 
'.    to  l'rairi(!  des  Chiens,  where,  on   the  24  July,  lH'.i7,  they  kilh-d  two  persons 
I   and  wounded  a  third.    We  bear  of  no  plunder  taken,  but  with  a  keg  of  whisky, 
'   which  they  bought  of  a  trader,  they  refire<l  to  the  mouth  of  liad-axe  Jiiver. 
i   Six  days  arter,  July  HO,  with  his  company  augmented.  Red-bird  wavlaid  two 
■   koel-boats  that  had  Iieeii  conv(!ying  commissary  stores  to  Fort  Snelling.    One 
nunc  into  the  ambush  in   the  day  time,  aiid,  uller  a  fight  of  four  hours,  es- 
'•   fupcd  with  the  loss  of  two  killed  and  four  wound«!d.     It  was  midnight  before 
;   the  other  fell  into  the  snare,  and,  owing  to  the  darkness,  escaped  without 
I   niui'li  injury. 

Notice  has  probably  hocn  taken  by  Black-hawk,  in  his  narrative,  of  these 
oreiits  ;  but  as  lie  relates  every  thing  without  any  regard  to  dates,  it  is  ini[)os- 
sihie  to  assign  some  of  his  incidents  to  their  jiroper  places  in  history. 

Not  long  atVer  these  events,  in  September,  IH^/,  General  Jiikinson  marched 
into  the  Winnebago  country-  with  a  brigade  of  troops,  regulars  and  militia,  and 
succeeded  in  making  jirisoners  of  Red-hird,  and  six  other  Wiiinebagos,  who 
were  held  in  confiiieinent  at  Prairie  ('c  Chien  until  n  trial  could  be  had  on  tlujm. 
On  the  25  October,  1828,  at  a  special  term  of  the  United  States' Circuit  Court, 
tliey  were  tried,  all  excejit  Red-bird,  who  had  died  in  prison.  IVaniga  or  the 
SiMi,  and  Chik-hong-sic,  the  Littk-bidl,  were  each  tried  on  two  indictments  ;  one 
for  the  murder  of  Registre  Gagnier,  as  accom|)lices  of  Red-bird,  in  the  murder 
nfwliich  1  'tntion  has  already  been  made.  On  the  second  indictment,  Chik- 
kong-sic  was  tried  for  the  murder  of  Solomon  Lipcap ;  and  H'aniga  on  the 
faini;,  as  bis  accomjilice.  On  the  third  indictment,  fVaniga  was  tried  for 
scalping  Louisa  Gagnier  with  intent  to  kill.  On  the  first  indictment,  both 
were  brought  in  guilty.  On  the  second,  Chik-hon^-sic  was  brought  in  guilty, 
and  IVaniga  was  acquitted.  On  the  third,  IVaniga  was  found  guilty,  and 
Vluk-hong-sic  was  accpiitted.  They  were  sentencetl  to  be  executed  on  the  26 
of  the  fallowing  December. 

The  two  charged  with  the  murder  of  Mr.  Melhode  and  family  were  acquit- 
ted by  a  nolle  prosequi.  Black-hawk^  or  Kara-zhonsept-hah,  as  bis  name  was 
then  written,  and  Kanonekah,  the  Yoiingest  of  the  Thtmders,  were  among  the 
prisoiiei-s  (diarged  with  the  attack  on  the  boats  the  preceding  year ;  but  the 
charge  not  being  sustained  for  want  of  evidence,  they  were  discharged,  as 
was  also  a  son  of  Red-bird. 

Tims  it  appears  a  year  had  passed  since  these  Indians  were  captured,  liefore 
they  were  brought  to  trial.  Such  a  delay  of  justice  was  to  the  friends  of  the 
imprisoned  Indians  ten  times  as  insufferable,  if  possible,  as  any  jinnishment 
could  have  been,  inflicted  in  any  reasonable  time  after  a  crime  had  been  com- 
mitted. They  cannot  understand  why,  if  one  be  guilty,  he  should  not 
at  onee  be  punished,  as  it  seldom  hapjiens,  with  Indians,  that  they  deny  an 
act  when  guilty:  the  most  of  them  scorn  to  do  it    Hence,  the  white  people's 


i|j.!ii 


m 


n 


lU 

k 


MURDER  OF  THE  MENOMINIES. 


(Book  V. 


kfcpin'r  them  iniprinoiifid,  th«y  think  an  net  of  great  cowardice  ;  l>rr8UMiinL' 
tluv  (liirc  not  piiiiiNli  tlie  culprit.  It  hiiH  Hometimes  hu|)p('iie(l,  tliut  uAcr  uii 
Indian  liiid  h(M  ii  inipri.soncMl  tor  a  h>ng  time,  and  been  diHcliarp'd  tor  want  of 
evidence,  althoii<,'ii  at  ihi?  time  of  his  caotnre  tJiere  were  no  doul)tN  of  his  jruilt 
even  npon  his  own  eoid'cMsion,  lie  h.i..  i».."n  Hhot  by  Home  sknlking  white  bor- 
derer on  his  way  to  his  home.  This,  tim  friendH  of  hocIi  Indian,  is  tiie 
most  alioininable  crime  ;  and  these  thin  had  all  Jiappcued  in  Illinois  belure 
the  end  of  IH'M 

Black-hawk,  as  w(!  hav(!  just  seen,  was  cajrtured  and  held  some  time  in  du- 
rance for  attacking'  the  i)oats,  which,  it  seems,  could  not  be  proved  against  him 
as  lie  was  discharged;  but  if  there  were  doulits  of  his  guilt  before,  there  can 
be  none  now,  according  to  his  own  confession,  which,  it  would  seem,  he  hud 
too  miK'h  craft  to  acknowledge  before  his  trial. 

Matttsrs  continued  in  a  ruffled  state  for  about  three  years,  though  acts  of 
violence  seem  nototlen  to  have  ociuirred.  In  18.'J1,  it  was  the  general  opinion 
on  the  li'ontiers,  that  the  Indians  intended  to  forbear  no  longer;  and  it  was 
rightly  judg«Ml  by  (ieneral  Jltkinson,  that  efforts  had  been,  or  were  being  nmde 
by  sonu!  of  tiiem  to  unite  all  the  Indians  from  Rock  River  to  Mexico  in  a  war. 
Ihat  this  was  the  truth  of  the  case  we  will  hear  Black-hawk  in  evidence. 
He  say.'^,  "Runners  were  sent  to  the  Arkansas,  Red-River  and  Texas — not  on 
tlie  subject  of  our  lands,  but  a  secret  mission,  which  I  am  not,  at  present,  per- 
mitted to  explain." 

The  diflercnce  between  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  Menominies  and  Sioux 
was  one  great  cause  of  the  troubles  jirevious  to  the  war  of  lbJ)2,  The  whites 
used  their  ciiideavors  to  bring  about  a  peace  between  thein,  and  finally  cHected 
it,  altliouj;li  at  the  very  time  murders  were  committed  by  one  party  ii|ion  tlie 
other,  while  on  their  way  to  attend  a  treaty  for  their  own  benefit.  But  such 
is  theii  thirst  for  revenge,  that  they  will  take  it  at  the  hazard  of  thenisehx's 
and  all  their  connections.  Black-hawk  himself  relates,  that  on  a  certain  time, 
which,  I  believe,  was  in  the  summer  of  IHJJO,  the  chiefs  of  the  Foxes  were 
inviterl  to  attend  a  treaty  at  Prairie  du  Cliien  for  the  settlement  of  their  riif- 
ferences  with  the  Sioux.  Nine  of  the  head  men  of  the  Foxes,  with  one 
woman  in  their  company,  set  out  to  attend  the  treaty,  who,  on  their  way,  were 
met  by  a  company  of  Sioux,  near  the  Ouisconsin,  and  all  of  litem,  except  one 
man,  were  killed. 

This  murder  went  unrevenged  until  the  next  year,  when  a  band  of  Sioux 
and  Menominies,  who  were  encamped  within  a  mile  of  the  fort  at  Prairie  (hi 
Chien,  were  attacked  by  some  Foxes  from  Black-hoick's  party,  and  28  of  tliein 
were  killed.  The  whites  now  demanded  the  murderers,  but  Black-hawk  said 
they  had  no  right  to  make  such  a  demand,  for  it  was  an  affair  between  tlie 
Indian  nations,  over  whom  they  had  no  aiitliority  ;  and  besides,  he  said,  wiien 
the  Menominies  had  murdered  the  Fox  chiefs,  the  year  before,  they  made  no 
Bucii  demand  for  the  murderers. 

According  to  the  treaty  of  the  15th  of  July,  1830,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes  sold  their  country  to  the  United  States,  and  the  Sioux,  Onm- 
halis,  loways,  Ottoes,  and  several  other  tribes  and  bands,  participated  in  the 
sale  ;  but  Blnck-hnwk  had  nothing  to  do  with  it.  Keokuk,  or  the  fVatchJ'ul-foi, 
at  this  time  headed  the  paity  '^T  Sacs  that  made  the  treaty ;  when  Black-hawk 
knew  what  was  done,  it  very  much  agitated  and  displeased  him ;  but  Keokvk 
had  pleased  the  whites,  and  sold  his  country,  as  the  ill-advised  MUniosh  hud 
done.  The  next  summer,  1831,  Black-hawk  says,  that  while  on  a  visit  to  the 
Indian  agent  at  Rock  Island,  he  heard,  for  the  fii-st  time,  "talk  of  our  having 
to  leave  my  village.  The  trader  (he  says)  explained  to  me  tli;  terms  of  the 
treaty  that  had  been  made,  and  said  we  would  be  obliged  to  leave  the  Illinois 
side  of  the  Mississijipi,  and  advised  us  to  select  a  good  place  for  our  villajje, 
and  remove  to  it  in  the  spring."  This  trader  was  the  ado|)ted  brother  of  \\\c 
principal  Fox  chief,  whom  he  had  persuaded  to  leave  his  village  and  build 
another  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi.  Keokuk  had  consented  to  go, 
and  was  using  all  his  influence  to  induce  others  to  go  with  him. 

A  party  now  began  to  organize  itself  in  opposition  to  that  of  Keokvk. 
They  called  upon  Black-kawk  for  his  opinion  about  it ;  and,  says  the  old  chief, 
♦'I  gave  it  freely — and  after  ques^oning  ^uctsh-qua-me  about  the  sale  of  the 


Chap.  VIIl.j       ] 

lands,  ho  as.suro( 
I  now  promised 
opposition  to  Ke^ 
Tlie  Sac  vi|la>r 
Mississijipi.     'j'|° 
whicli  extended  t 
to  the  tradition 
The  whole  exteni 
of  the  Oiiiscoiisi) 
Missouri,  in  |(.„^,, 
About  the  tinn- 
rages  were  connni 
mgi—Oneof  7i/„ 
a  hollow  tree,  tool< 
cumstanco,  repair 
theirs,  and  Jk,  jrav, 
plunder  of  all  the  ;■ 
off  also.     Tiie  casi 
to  his  trader.     Tlic 
for  his  family,  in  ci 
About  this  time  . 
wlio  met  him  in  tli« 
8e\-erely  that  he  wji 
hn<  (lone  them  an  i 
h.id  driven  the  Ind 
net  on  the  offensive, 
he  caiiK!  to  trial ;  f 
Winnebagos  and  P 
Xcapope,  who  had  I 
or  he  intentionallv 
(loiihtless  the  greatc 
received  wamjium  fr 
cooperation.     Beside 
principal  Sac  chiefs, 
them,  in  case  of  w'l 
without  doubt,  a  strJ 
"itciligence.     The  ell 
visited  by  Black-kawa 
respect  to  being  ohlil 
lionestly  told  them  tl 
taken  fi-oni  them.       I 
VVIien  the  old  cli 
village,  with  the  rest  I 
saw  and  conversed  wJ 
'ie  had  done  what  he  \ 
and  use  all  his  (uid.J 
country  for  it:   BlacA 
tlioy  could  only  he  a| 
and  on  which  were  t] 
'or  years,  undisturbed,! 
With  strong  liopesf 
set  out  upon  their  ugj 
the  whites  cami;  on  al 
f  iirned,  they  saw  faJ 
''■It  they  had  lefl  thf 
Jndians  worn  now  uil 
home  or  lodge  to  cov! 
« the  white  man  that 
even  fl^  most  servile  I 
tno  Sacs  were  encJ 
turned  from  their  huJ 
niatiou  of  the  state  of] 
13 


Chap.  VIII.]        RELUCTANCE  TO  LEAVE  THEIR  COUNTRY. 


145 


lands,  lio  ussurod  mo  thnt  ho  never  Imd  consented  to  tlio  hjUc  of  our  villngo.' 
I  now  promised  thin  party  to  l»o  tlieir  lender,  and  raised  tin-  standard  of 
opposition  to  Keokuk,  with  a  full  determination  not  to  leave  my  villaj,'e.*' 

Tho  Sue,  village  was  on  tho  point  of  land  formed  hy  llock  River  and  tiie 
MisHiHsi|t|»i.  TIk!  tribe  had  here  usually  ahont  700  arres  of  olanling  land, 
whieh  extended  ai)ont  two  and  a  half  miles  nj)  the  Mississippi.  According 
to  the  tradition  of  the  Indians,  a  village  had  stood  here  ahont  l.~)0  years. 
The  whole  extent  of  the  Sac  country  on  tint  Mississippi,  was  from  th(!  mouth 
of  the  Ouisconsiii  to  the  l*ortag<!  iles  Sioux,  almost  to  tho  entrance  of  the 
Missouri,  in  length  near  700  miles. 

About  till.'  time  of  the  treaty  of  which  wo  have  been  speaking,  some  out- 
rages were  committed  upon  tho  Indians  by  the  whites  in  kind  like  the  follow- 
ing:— One  of  Blitck-hawk^a  men  having  found  a  liiv<;  of  bees  in  the  woods,  in 
a  liollow  tree,  took  it  to  his  wigwam.  Some  whites,  having  learned  tho  cir- 
cumstance, repaired  to  the  Indian's  wigwam  and  demanded  the  honey  as 
theirs,  and  he  gave  it  up  to  them.  They  not  only  took  tho  honey,  but  made 
plunder  of  all  the  skins  he  had  got  during  his  winter's  hunt,  and  carried  them 
off  also.  Tiie  case  of  the  Indian  was  exceeding  hard,  for  he  owed  the  skins 
to  his  trader.  Therefore  he  could  not  pay  him,  nor  could  he  get  necessaries 
for  his  family,  in  consecpience  of  his  inability  to  meet  his  former  contract. 

About  this  time  Black-hawk  met  with  gross  ill  treatment  from  some  whites 
who  met  him  in  the  woods  a-hunting.  They  toll  upon  him,  and  beat  him  so 
severely  that  lie  was  lame;  for  some  time  alter  it.  The  whites  pretended  he 
hn''  done  them  an  injury.  Such  outrages,  added  to  those  of  a  public  natiu'c, 
li.ul  driven  the  Indians  to  desperation,  and  finally  determined  Black-hawk  to 
net  on  the  offensive.  lUit  he  was  sadly  deceived  in  his  veal  strength  when 
liR  came  to  trial;  for  he  had  been  assiu'ed  that  the  Chii)pewas,  Ottowas, 
Winnebagos  and  Pottownttomies  all  stood  ready  to  help  and  second  him. 
Xeapope,  who  had  been  among  some  of  them,  was  either  deceived  himseUJ 
or  he  intentionally  dec(!iv«'d  his  chief.  But  the  Prophet,  Wabokieshiek,  was 
(loubtless  the  greatest  dticeiver.  He  sent  word  to  Black-hawk  that  he  had 
received  wamj)um  from  the  nations  just  mentioned,  and  he  was  sure  of  their 
coiipcration.  Besides  this  strong  encouragement,  it  was  also  told  to  the 
principal  Sac  chiefs,  that  their  British  father  at  Maiden  stood  ready  to  help 
tlicin,  in  case  of  wrong  being  offered  them  by  the  whites ;  but  this  was, 
witiiout  doubt,  a  stratagem  of  the  Prophet,  or  JVenpope,  the  bearer  of  the 
intelligence.  The  chiels  of  the  whites  at  Maiden  and  other  places,  had  been 
visited  by  Black-hawk  or  his  head  men,  and,  on  being  told  their  situation  in 
respect  to  being  obliged  to  leave  their  country,  these  friends  of  the  Indians 
honestly  told  them  that,  if  they  had  not  sold  their  country,  it  could  not  be 
taken  from  them. 

When  the  old  chief.  Black-hawk,  found  that  Keokuk  had  sold  the  Sac 
village,  with  the  rest  of  their  country  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mississippi,  he 
saw  and  conversed  with  him  about  it,  and  Keokuk  was  so  well  convinced  that 
he  had  done  what  he  had  no  right  to  do,  that  he  promised  to  go  to  the  whites, 
and  use  all  his  endeavors  to  get  it  back  again  by  giving  any  other  part  of  the 
country  for  it:  Black-hawk  said  he  would  give  up  even  the  lead-mines,  if 
thoy  could  only  be  allowed  to  enjoy  their  old  village,  and  the  little  point  of 
land  on  which  were  the  beautiful  cornfields  which  their  wives  had  cultivated, 
tor  years,  imdistm'bod,  and  the  adjacent  bury  ing-grounds  of  their  honored  dead. 

Witii  strong  liojjes  tiiat  something  would  be  effected  for  them,  the  Sacs 
set  out  upon  their  usual  winter's  hunt,  in  the  fall  of  1830,  and  meanwhile 
the  whites  came  on  and  possessed  tlieir  lu'loved  village  !  When  the  Indians 
returned,  they  saw  families  of  intruders  in  their  ov/n  wigwams  and  lodges, 
that  they  had  left  the  fall  previous — the  Avives  and  children  of  the  jjoor 
Indians  were  now  upon  the  banks  ol"  their  own  Mississijjpi,  but  without  a 
home  or  lodge  to  cover  them !  This  was  insufferable  to  Black-hawk — where 
is  the  white  man  that  could  endure  >uch  things  ?  There  are  none  that  could, 
even  the  most  servile  slave. 

The  Sacs  were  encamped  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  having  re- 
turned from  their  hunting-grounds  earlier  than  usual,  on  account  of  infor- 
mutiou  of  the  state  of  things  in  their  village.  The  ice  had  not  left  the  Mis- 
13 


|i''li! 


ut'l 


it^:  ( 1 


JM 


TIIKIR  VILLAdE  POSSESSED  BY  THE  WIFITES.         [Book  v. 


■isMi|i|ii;  but  li<'t'on>  it  wmh  tiiiu'  to  plant  rorii,  tlio  firiii  riHohitioii  oPtlic  r|iii>ni 
wiiN  titkrii,  iliat  tlii'ir  villa^o-  tlit'y  wmiUI  nuaiii  |)<)Hhc8s.  'I'liry  lu-tnl  in  acronl. 
ann;  with  tin  ir  rcMoliition,  ami  wfiiton  and  took  |)osH(^HHion.  'I'lm  wliitrs  wcrn 
ularnH-d,  anil  ilonlilin^'  of  tlicir  aliilifv  to  ilrivc  ott'  tin;  Indians  thru,  said  thry 
woidd  lii<c  anil  jildiil  Inffiihir  ;  lail  look  can;  to  stii/.j-  n|ion  ail  the  \»'>\  |>lii'iiinir 
land.  'I'Im'  Indians  wt-n-  dcliriniiird  not  to  Im;  tlic  first  toconiinitaiiy  liostilfuct 
and  siihiniltcd  to  ^rn,.at  insults;  Miinc  oftlii'lr  woiiini  hriii;^' ^|iai,„.|',,||y  |„,,|,,,^' 
hy  llit'ir  wliiti)  n«'i>{liliorH  tiir  tlic  nio.-l  tiitlinji  otrcni-f,  to  wliicli  tlicir  new 
Hitiiatioii  had  nnavttidahly  Hiihjt'ctcd  tliciii,  and  onu  yoiiiif^  man  was  actually 
hcatcn  to  death,  or  so  that  hr  soon  alter  iliod ;  nt-verthcli'ss,  to  the  shanic  of 
those  w  hites  he  it  told,  there  is  no  uc<'ount  which  iiu8  ever  come  to  nie  tlmt 
tlu;  Indians  attnnipted  to  retaliate. 

Other  evils  were  experienced  while  tho  poor  Sacs  endeavored  to  live  with 
(he  whites  in  their  own  vilhij^'o.  Ardent  spirits  were  brought  in,  aiul  iih-iI  to 
cheat  the  JiidiauM  out  of  their  peiHonal  property,  their  guns,  uiul  articjcti 
with  which  they  huntitd. 

In  th(;  tiill  of  IK'K),  the  Indians  hud  l)een  told  that  they  must  not  cnmo 
n^'ain  to  the  east  side  of  the  river.  Meaniime  ihts  lands  of  the  Hac  villa>;(> 
had  been  sold,  or  a  part  of  them,  and  nil  the  Indians  were  ordered  to  leave 
them.  lilnrk-linwk  and  his  band,  however,  would  not  oliey,  and  soiiie  of 
them  remained  on  the  unsold  lands,  while  tlie  others  were  on  their  hiiiiiin^r 
expcditioiiH.  Aiul  early  in  the  spring  of  18.'}l,atlcr  having  used  (!very  means 
for  a  reconciliation,  without  giving  up  their  village,  ihe  Sacs  in  ii  hmly  rc- 
crosseil  the  river  to  their  old  (Cornfields,  and  in  a  nifiucing  manner  took 
possession ;  but  if  we  can  believt;  Black-hawk,  he  did  not  mean  to  hv  |iro- 
voked  into  a  war  by  any  thing  less  than  the  life-blood  of  some  of  his  people; 
which  he  said  the  whites  dare  not  take,  at  leu8t  so  long  as  he  remained  on  lliu 
goveriuneiit's  land ;  for  by  an  article  of  thv.  treaty  which  had  caused  these 
troubles,  the  Indians  were  not  ohligi>d  to  l(;uve  the  lands  so  long  as  ihey  re- 
mained unsold.  Jlnt  the  settlers  critid  out  against  the  encrourhmvnts  of  the 
Jmluins  upon  them,  which  soon  became  so  loiul  and  clamorous  that  (Governor 
Reifnolds  forthwith  taking  the  responsihiliiy,  declared  the  state  of  Illinois  in- 
vaded by  hostile  Indians,  although  it  does  not  appear  that  any  of  them  were 
mioii  other  lands  than  those  owned  by  the  United  States. 

Accordingly,  on  the  2H  May,  IK'H,  (j'overnor  Reynolds  wrote  from  Belleville, 
the  capital  of  the  state  of  Illinois,  to  (ieneral  Gaines,  the  mililaiy  comniaiulor 
of  the  western  department,  that  he  had  received  undoubted  int()rmation  that 
the  section  of  tin'  state  near  Rock  Island  was  at  that  time  invadtnl  by  a  hos- 
tile band  of  the  Sue  Indians,  headed  by  Black-hawk  ;  and  that  in  order  to  re- 
pel said  invasion,  and  to  j)rotect  the  citizens  of  tho  state,  he  had  called  on 
700  of  the  militia  of  the  said  state,  to  be  mounted  and  ready  for  that  service. 
He  till  refore,  "as  executive  of  the  state  of  Illinois,"  respectfully  solicited  his 
coiiptM'ation.  General  Gaines  said  in  an.svver,  the  next  day,  that  he  had  ordered 
six  eom])anies  of  regular  troops  to  proceed  from  Jetrerson  Barracks  the 
day  Ibllowing,  JMay  30,  for  the  Sac  village,  and  if  necessary  he  would  add 
two  companies  more  from  Prairie  dii  Chicai.  This  force  be  considered  suf- 
ficient to  ])Ut  down  the  "  hostile  Sacs  ;"  l)Ut,  he  said,  if  the  Indian  force  had 
been  augnu;nted  by  other  Indians,  then  he  would  correspond  with  his  excel- 
lency by  express,  and  avail  himself  of  his  offer  of  the  700  mounted  volunteers. 

Governor  Reynolds  had  just  belbrc  (2(5  May)  written  to  General  Clark,  tlic 
sui)eriiitendent  of  Indian  nffuirs  at  St.  Louis,  and  among  other  things  said,  lie 
liuil  considered  it  necessary  to  order  out  troops  "to  protect  the  citizens  "of 
the  state  "  near  Rf)ck  Island  from  invasion  and  depredation  ; "  but  from  his 
letter  to  Gaines,  dated  only  two  days  after,  the  state  was  actually  inradcd. 
Hence  it  appears,  that  in  something  less  than  two  days,  by  thinking  the  mat- 
ter over,  the  governor  bad,  in  bis  mind,  changed  the  fear  of  invasion 
into  actual  invasion.  In  the  same  letter  he  goes  on  :  The  object  of  tlie 
govoriiment  of  the  state  is  to  protect  those  citizens  by  removing  said  Iiuliaiis, 
"  peaceably  if  they  can,  but  forcibly  if  they  must."  "I  consider  it  my  duty  to 
inform  voii  of  the  above  call  on  the  militia,  and  that  in  or  about  15  days,  a  suf- 
ficient force  will  appear  before  these  Indians  to  remove  them,  dead  or  alive, 
over  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi."    Whether  his  excellency  did  not 


Chap.  VHI] 

mean  to  stop  wit 
eertainlv  he  says 
of  the  Mississippi 
ahh;  business,  per 
west  side  of  the  i 
Zens  of  the  ^ltate. 
on  his  part  "had  I 
who  had  ceded   tl 
lleiu'»!  no  altcri 
drive  off  the  Imlia 
'    in  dispute,  and  by 
culty,  which,  as  m 
anatunted  to  hut 
agrees  very  well  v 
tile  reader.     It  is  i 
"  I  have  visited  i 
ties,  and,  as  fju-  as 
in  the  opinion  I  h 
of  hostility,  they  ar 
fire-urniM  except  in 
tlieir  women  and  i 
somewhat  conliisei 
fied  their  chiefs  tin 
should  desin;  to  ini 
rected  them,  1  did 
tliem.     I  had  with 
panics  of  infimtry. 
ated  tlmt  I  could  fn 
kind  of  houses  tin 
probably  without  tl 
u  shot  without  M)ui 
the  part  of  the  In,  I 
cross  the  Mississip 
friendly  chiefs  repo 
tlieir  women  urge  t 
to  ulmndon  their  ho 
Thus  stood  matt< 
party  wishing  to  . 
Black-hawk  met  Ge 
not  remove,  and  to 
council-house  at  tl 
pected  to  be  attack 
But  the  general  wa 
to  assist  them  were 
the  affairs  of  the  Si 
ing  his  account  wit 
tribes,"  observes  tlu 
Kikupoos,  have  b;!ei 
ascertjiin  that  nion 
whether  these  will  „ 
As  General  Gaint 
he  concluded  to  wa 
These  the  Indians  t 
militia  would  siibm 
across  the  Mississip 
June  2(),  the  armv  t^ 
gun  on  either  side, 
played  to  show  his 
tliis  ended  in  a  treal 
In  his  despatch  , 
opinion  that "  tliese 
chastised  in  battle, 


Chap.  VIII. ] 


GENERAL  O.VINES'S  EXrEDITlON. 


147 


■'©.I 


iiiomi  to  Htop  witli  li'iH  liiiliiiiiH  Klidrt  of  tli«  Wi'Ntorn  Oronn,  I  cniinotwiy,  Imt 
certaiiilv  lioKiiy.s  iiotliiii^  (il'lniviii^  tlictii  any  wlii'n*  on  tiiiuh  mi  \\ni  wir'tHiiiu 
of  till!  MiHHissi|i|ii ;  li*',  liowcvii',  liiiiiiaiicly  aild.-^,  "  Hut  to  mwv  all  this  (irsa);rfO- 
al)li!  Immiik-sh,  |h  rliii|m  a  rcqiicHt  troiii  you  to  tlifiii,  tor  tlit'iii  to  n-iiiovt!  to  tlio 
w»!st  nidi'  of  tlif  river,  would  cH'cct  llic  ohjcrt  ot'  iirociiriiiu;  piacr  to  tlic  citi- 
zoiiM  of  till!  ^llat(•."  (iijiii'ial  C'lmk  rciilicd,  two  liayH  nl>cr,  that  every  etlort 
oil  IiIh  |iiii't  "  had  lieeii  made  t(»  uttbct  tlio  ruiiioval  I'roiii  llliiioiH  of  all  the  tribes 
who  had  eeded   their  lands." 

Ileiiei!  no  alternative  now  leiiiaiiied  hut  to  |)roeeed  on  with  nil  nriiiy  to 
<lriv(!  otl'the  IndiaiiH.  Aeeordiii;,dy  (ieneiid  (ininis  |tidceeded  lo  the  coiinti^ 
ill  diHpiite,  and  hy  hin  prudent  niiiiia;,'enient  siieeeedi d  in  Hettliii^  the  dith- 
oiilty,  whieli,  as  matters  immediately  alterwards  turned  out,  s.  ems  to  havo 
aiiioiiiited  to  hut  liti;e;  and  as  (ieimral  (f'(M'/i'.«(',»  ae<-oiint  of  his  expi'dition 
n>,'r(!es  very  well  witii  what  lilitrk-luiivk  has  since  said  ahoiit  it,  we  luy  it  heli)ro 
the  reader.     It  is  eontained  in  a  letter  dated  Koek  Island,  'JO  June,  JKM. 

"1  huv«  visited  the  lloek  Itiver  villa>;es,  with  ii  view  to  useertaiii  the  locali- 
tifs,  and,  as  tiir  as  jiossihle,  the  disposition  of  thi;  IndiaUH.  They  eonfirni  mo 
ill  tlie  opinion  I  had  previously  Itirmed,  that,  whatever  may  he  their  yif/in/f» 
of  hostility,  they  are  re.solvcd  to  ah.stain  from  the  list;  of  their  tomahawks  and 
fire-arms  exeejit  in  self-defeiiee.  Iliit  few  of  their  warriors  were  to  he  seen — 
their  women  and  children,  and  their  old  iiieii  (i|ipeare(l  anxioii.s,  and  at  lirHt 
HOiii(>what  cunfusiid,  hut  nciiie  attein|ited  to  rim  off.  Having'  |)reviously  noti- 
fied their  chiefs  that  I  would  hav*!  nothing'  more  to  say  to  tliem,  unless  they 
should  desire  to  intlu'iii  im;  of  their  intention  to  move  forthwith,  ns  I  had  di- 
rected them,  I  did  not  speak  to  them,  tliou;,'li  within  50  yards  of  many  of 
tlieiii.  I  had  with  nie  on  hoani  the  .steani-hoat  some  artillery,  and  two  coru- 
punies  of  infaiiiry.  Their  village  is  immediatelv  on  Rock  River,  and  so  situ- 
ated that  I  could  from  the  stuam-lmat  (htstroy  ail  tlieir  hark  hoii.ses  (tii;-  uiily 
kind  of  liou>es  they  have)  in  a  lew  minutes,  with  tin;  force  now  with  iiio, 
probably  without  the  loss  of  a  muii.  Rut  I  am  resolved  to  abstain  from  tiling 
u  shot  without  .4ome  bloodshed,  or  some  manifest  attempt  to  slird  blood,  on 
the  part  of  the  Indians.  I  have  already  induced  nearly  one  third  of  them  to 
cross  the  Mississippi  to  their  own  land.  The  .esidiie,  however,  say,  as  tlio 
friendly  chiefs  report,  that  they  nevtr  will  move  ;  and  what  is  very  uncommon, 
their  women  urge  their  hostile  husband:',  to  tight  rather  than  to  move  uiid  thus 
to  uhandon  their  homes." 

Thus  stood  matters  previous  to  the  arrival  of  the  Illinois  militia;  neither 
party  wishing  to  do  any  thing  to  bring  on  hostilities.  On  the  7tli  Juno, 
Black-hawk  met  G'Uieral  Gaines  in  council,  and  plainly  told  liiiii  he  would 
not  remove,  and  to  let  biiii  know  he  was  not  afraid  of  his  forces,  went  to  the 
council-house  at  the  head  of  bis  band,  armed  and  painttid  as  though  they  e.i- 
pected  to  be  attacked;  the  coiisecpienn  was,  nothing  was  eff(;cted  thus  far. 
But  the  general  was  satisfied  that  the  rejiorts  of  other  tribes  having  engaged 
to  assist  them  were  entithul  to  little  credit.  That  the  general  well  understood 
the  at^iiirs  of  the  Sacs  at  this  lime,  no  doubt  will  be  entcirtaincd,  on  compar- 
ing his  account  with  the  statement  of  Black-liawk  in  his  life.  "Several  other 
tribes,"  observes  the  general,  '•such  as  the  Winnebagos,  Pottowattoniie.s,  and 
Kikupoos,  have  buen  invited  by  these  Sacs  to  assist  them  ;  but  I  cannot  positively 
ascertain  that  more  than  ^00  have  actually  joined,  and  it  is  very  doubtful 
whether  these  will  remain  true  to  their  ofibnding  allies." 

As  General  Gaines  found  he  could  not  effect  a  conipliance  with  bis  demands, 
he  concluded  to  wait  for  the  militia,  who,  on  the  '25  June,  promptly  arrived. 
These  the  Indians  thought  it  not  proper  to  oppose,  knowing  well  that  border 
militia  would  submit  to  no  restraint  from  their  officers  ;  tlu-y  therefore  fled 
across  the  Mississippi  to  avoid  being  massacred  ;  and  on  tlu;  following  day, 
June  2<),  the  army  took  possession  of  the  Sac  village,  without  the  firing  of  a 
gun  on  either  side.  On  the  27th,  Black-hawk  cans .d  a  white  flag  to  be  dis- 
played to  show  his  disposition  to  liave  a  parley,  which  soon  afler  ensued,  and 
this  ended  in  a  treaty. 

In  his  despatch  to  the  secretary  of  war,  General  Gaines  said  he  was  of 
opinion  that  "these  Indiaas  were  as  completely  bumbled,  as  if  they  had  been 
chastised  in  battle,  and  less  disposed  to  distm'b  the  frontier  inhabitants;" 


148 


BLACK-HAWK  RETIRES  UP  ROCK  RIVER. 


fBooK  V. 


and  that  Governor  Reynolds  was  of  the  same  opinion.  But  in  tliis  tln-y  wore 
bot]\  niistuken,  although  when  the;  treaty  was  nuuU',  lUack-hmk  without 
douDi  intended  strictly  to  observe  it;  yet  lie  could  not  Ibrescij  win  t  would 
Jiappen.  lie  .had  been  promised  corn  to  supply  the  wunts  of  his  people,  in- 
Bteud  of  that  which  they  had  been  obliged  to  ;;'mnd()n;  but  what  tlicy 
received  was  '.ur  from  sufhcient,  and  they  began  to  feel  the  encroachment  of 
famine.  In  tiiis  state  of  things,  a  party  of  Sacs,  as  the  old  chief  says,  went 
over  the  river  to  steal  com  from  their  ownjield-' !  and  thus  began  a  new  series 
of  troubles  which  ended  ni  bloodshed. 

Black-hawk,  with  Jjis  chief  men,  had  signed  the  treaty,  and  it  was  broken 
the  same  year  by  both  pai'ties.  It  was  dated  on  the  (JO  June,  1831,  five  dava 
after  the  "flight,"  and  among  the  .  i::r(  rswe  recognize,  besides  Mucata-.MI- 
Hi-EATAK  (Black-hawk),  as  his  name  was  then  written,  Pashepaho  {Stahhing. 
chief),  VVeesheat  [Sturffeon-head),  Kakekamah  [Mlrfish),  and  several  otiiers. 
It  was  in  the  course  of  the  same  summer,  that  the  party  from  Black-hnwk^s 
band  killed  tne  28  Menomonies,  of  which  we  have  before  given  an  account 
and  although  the  whites  considered  it  their  concern,  seem  not  to  have  under- 
taken to  revenge  it  ilntil  the  spring  of  1832;  and  the  jtrobability  is,  they 
would  hardly  then  have  undertaken  it,  had  not  some  of  tiie  Sacs  intriidej 
themselves  again  into  their  old  village,  by  which  a  new  cry  was  raised 
against  tliem.  Be  this  as  it  may.  General  Atkinson  set  out  for  the  lip|)er  .Mis- 
sissippi,  about  the  first  of  April,  at  me  head  of  the  sixth  regiment  of  I  nited 
States  iniimtry,  at  whose  approach  Black-hawk  and  his  party  abandoned  tliejr 
tamp  on  the  Mississij)pi,  wliere  P^ort  Madison  had  been  built,  and  aseendud 
Rock  River.  It  was  in  this  direction  he  expected  to  be  reinforced  by  tim 
Pottowattomies,  Winnebagos,  and  Kikapoos,  but  who  in  the  end  declined  the 
hazardous  and  unequal  conflict. 

As  Black-hawk  moved  leisiu-ely  up  Rock  River,  he  r  jceived  several  ex- 
presses from  General  Atkinson,  ordering  him  in  a  pcremptv>ry  manner  to  leuve 
the  country  ;  but  he  constantly  said  he  would  not,  and  'id  he  was  going  to 
the  PropkeVs  viilage  to  make  corn,  to  which  he  hud  v^^en  invited,  and  the 
whites  might  attack  him  if  they  dared  :  that  they  might  come  on  if  they 
chose,  but  they  would  not  find  him  unpn  ured  ;  yet  he  would  n<n  begin  with 
them. 

Meanwhile  General  Atkinson,  not  judging  it  expedient  to  pursue  the  Indians 
up  Rock-River,  made  a  stund  at  Dixon's  Ferry,  and  waited  foi  a  rein- 
forcement. 


90i§t 


CHAPTER  DC 

March  of  Major  Stillman — Kills  some,  of  Black-hawk's  men — Stillman's  drfcat— 
Talk  with  the  Winnebagos — Menomonies  join  the  xchites — Settlement  on  Indian 
Creek  dejlroyed — Captivity  of  ttco  young  women — Murders — Plum  River  settle- 
ment broken  up — Congress  orders  out  troops — Murders  near  Galena — Indians  cut 
off  by  General  Dodge — Snider's  defeat — Stevenson's  defeat — Jittack  on  the  fort  at 
Buffalo  Grove — On  that  at  Apple  River — Defeat  of  Major  Dement — Murdtr  at 
Cincinawa  Mound — Ravages  of  the  cholera  among  the  regulc  'roous — Battle  of 
the  Ouisconsin — Action  withjthe  steam,-boat  Warrior — Battle  oj  ihe  2d  of  August, 
and  end  of  the  war. 

Before  the  arrival  of  General  Atkinson  at  Ogee's  or  Dixon's  Fen7,  (ieneral 
Whitesides  had  proceeded  there  with  a  considerable  body  of  mounted  men, 
and  a  iuarch  of  discovery  was  resolved  upon.  Accordingly,  about  the  lUth 
of  May,  a  company  of  270  men  proceeded  on  towards  Sycamore  Creek,  under 
Major  Stilltnan.  Black-hawk  being  apprized  of  the  march  of  this  detach- 
ment, sent  out  three  young  warriors  with  a  white  flog  to  meet  them,  and  in- 
vite them  to  his  camp;  but  the  whites,  paying  no  regard  to  the  Hug,  took  the 
bearers  of  it  prisoners.  Five  others  hud  been  sent  aftei-  tlie  first,  to  see  what 
enbued,  and  to  report  what  might  take  i)luce.  Tin  se  fiv«!  weiK  discovired 
and  pursued  by  a  small  party  of  the  whites,  and,  l-eing  overtaken,  two  of 


llflli 


Chap.  IX.] 


STILI.MAN'S   DFFE.VT. 


149 


them  were  killed,  and  the  rest  escaped.  It  was  now  near  night,  on  the  14th 
of  May.  The  jmrty  that  had  killed  the  two  Indians  rotin-ned  to  the  main 
body,  which,  it  seems,  was  preparing  to  encamp  for  the  night  when  this  eir- 
cumstanco  t»«/k  place ;  all  immediately  monnted  their  horses  and  rn.-;lied 
forward  in  eonfnsion.  It  does  not  appear  that  BUtck-hawk  had  any  thonghts 
that  the  whites  WDuld  attack  him,  for  he  had  not  hut  about  40  of  his  men 
with  him  at  this  time,  the  others  being  out  upon  a  liunting  excursion ;  but 
when  his  spies  returned,  and  reported  tliat  two  of  their  number  had  been 
bnrlmrously  niurd(;red,  the  war-whoop  wa?  sounded,  and  the  hesX  prepara- 
tions were  made,  that  the  time  would  allow  to  meet  tlu;  invaders. 

When  they  ap|)roached  Sycamore  CrecK,  the  whites  proceeded  to  cross  it 
in  the  same  di.sorderly  manner  they  came  to  it,  although  the  country  was  very 
favorable  for  ambushes.  The  Indians  stood  firm,  and  were  (loid)tlcss  sure  of 
a  victory,  .seeing  the  enemy  pass  the  creek  man  ity  man  as  they  arrived; 
and  when  u  sufficient  numb(;r  had  cross  d,  the  Indians  rushed  upon  them 
with  their  usual  fury  of  attack.  The  whites  say  the  Indians  "showed  them- 
selves on  every  quarter,  monnted  and  armed.  They  connneneed  the  attack 
with  giuis,"  and  contimied  it  with  knives  and  tomahawks.  Their  situation 
became  in  a  moment  desp(!rate,  and  Major  Stilhmtn,  who  was  in  the  rear, 
learning  the  situation  of  the  advance  colunui,  immi'diately  ordered  a  retreat, 
but  none  was  (iffected — it  was  a  most  disorderly  and  wretched  flight!  scarce 
two  flying  together ;  and  it  was  owing  to  the  smallness  of  Black-hawKs  Ibrce 
that  any  were  so  fortunate  as  to  escape. 

Thus  Blitck-hnwk  with  about  40  men  had  put  270  to  flight,  and  dispersed 
them  in  such  a  manner,  that  it  was  reported  at  fir.st  by  themselves,  that  (50 
or  70  had  been  kilh^d ;  but,  as  it  jiroved  allerwards,  it  was  their  great  fear  of 
the  Indians,  that  iiad  driven  tiiem  so  far  liom  their  companions,  that  they 
(lid  not  all  arrive  at  Dixon's  Ferry  for  .■several  days  ailer  tiie  fight,  although 
the  battle-ground  was  only  30  miles  from  that  place.    They  generally  came 
in,  one  at  a  time,  ar;  tliey  had  crossed  Sycamore  Creek  on  the  eveni"u'  of  the 
i4th;  and  in  tiic  end,  all  but  V2  were  accounted  for,  and  11  of  tl       ■  were 
fcnnd  aflerwardn  on  the  battle-ground  and  interred.      A  letter  from  that 
country  .says,  "The  dead  that  were  found  wero  cut  and  mangled  in  a  most 
sliocking  and  indecent  manner ;  their  hearts  cut  out,  heads  off"  and  every 
species  of  indignity  practised  upon  their  persons.     One  alone  escaped  this 
treatment:  he  was  found  dead,  with  his  head  nearly  cut  oft",  embraced  by 
the  arms  of  an  Indian  who  had  been  shot  through  tl'c  body,  but  yet  had 
strength  enough  remaining  to  tomahawk  tiie  man  who  had  shot  him,  and 
pirtly  to  cut  off  his  iiead,  dying  in  the  very  fict — his  last  convuKsive  struggle 
boieg  an  embrace  of  his  eiuimy  even  in  death."     From  Black-hnwk^s  own 
accoun*,  it  appears  he  lost  but  three  men  in  the  whole  transaction,  and  that 
these,  were  killed  who  were  sent  out  to  meet  the  whites  in  their  approach  to 
Sycamore  Creek. 
Hence  it  appears  that  the  whites  were  gtiilty  of  the  first  blood  shed  in  this  war. 
The  aftiiir  of  Sxcamore  Creek  caused  a  (fire  ahirm  to  be  sounded  through- 
out the  western  region.     Black -hawk' k  W  warriors  were  magnified  into  1500, 
and  only  the  next  day  athr  SI  HI  inn  it'' n  dcll-at,  Governor  Rctfnolds  issued  ;\  proc- 
lamation calling  on  tlie  iniliti.i  to  assemble  at  Hennepin,  on  Illinois  River,  by 
the  10  of  June,  m  the  number  of  ^000  men;  which  number,  he  said,  he  "con- 
sidered necessary  to  subdue  those  Indians,  and  drive  them  out  of  tin!  state." 

Althonjrh  the  news  of  Major  Slilliiiiin''s  disast-  r  flew  over  the  country 
among  tiie  whiles  with  great  rapidity,  yet  it  is  mentioned  as  a  circumstance 
\V(II  worthy  of  remark,  that  messengers  from  the  hostih;  Sacs,  bearing  to  tlin 
Mifi.S()ini  Indians  the  news  of  their  victory,  arrived  at  the  Dos  .Moines  Hapids 
24  liourf,  before  the  express  sent  by  Governor  lin/iwlds  at  the  same  (tlaee. 

,\hoiitthe  time  the  proclanialion  of  the  15tii  ol  May  was  issued,  calling  for 
2000  militia,  an  attem|)t  was  inade  V.y  the  whites  to  secure  or  draw  off  the 
Wini,'  b'lgos,  and  prevent  tlnMr  joining  the  war  party.  On  tln^  QG  May, 
Mr.  Grntolt,  a  sub-Indian  agent,  held  a  couiu'il  at  the  head  of  the  Foiu'  Lakes 
witii  a  lunnber  of  the  Winnebago  chiefs,  and  tlu^y  all  signified  their  desire 
of  retuaining  at  |)eaeo  with  the  white  people.  At  this  council,  the  chief| 
called  the  Litllf-bl-ick,  made  a  speech,  and  among  other  things  saitl, 
13* 


'■i\ 


150 


JIURDERS  ON  INDIAN  CREEK. 


[Book  V. 


"  Fntlipr,  what  yon  have  heard  of  us  is  from  forked  tongues,  and  what  vou 
have  heard  of  Man-eater  is  false.  Man-eater  is  sick;  l)ut  lie  has  scut  IiIh  siker 
and  daughter  lisrc  to  speak  for  hiui.  Fatlicr,  since  I  knew  you,  I  Imve  al- 
ways lieard  your  counsel,  and  did  what  you  told  nie.  My  fiither,  the  (ireat 
Spu'it,  hiLS  i^ent  you  hoth  here.  You  have  taken  me  by  the  hand,  and  you 
havi!  held  it  fast  in  yours.  We  hope,  in  the  name  of  the  Great  Spirit  and 
all  our  women  and  children,  that  you  will  hold  it  fast,  and  we  will  hold  ,',„  jf, 
you  so  hard  that  you  cannot  shake  us  off.  My  lather,  I  ask  nothing  hut  a 
clear  sky  over  our  heads,  which  have  lieen  hanging  down  lately,  and  tlie  sky 
has  been  dark,  and  the  wind  has  been  blowing  contiiuiu'.ly,  and  trying  to  blow 
lies  in  our  ears,  but  we  turn  our  (!ars  from  it;  but  when  we  loc'.  towards  you 
the  weather  is  clear,  and  the  wind  does  not  blow.  My  father,  our  yonug 
men  do  not  travel  much,  for  they  are  afraid  of  the  Sacs,  and  afraid  they  will 
be  taken  for  Sacs  by  the  troops.  My  father,  we  wish  you  to  give  us  a  paixT 
like  the  oni;  General  Jitkinson  gave  us,  that  we  may  show  it  to  the  wjiites 
whom  we  meet,  that  tliey  may  know  we  are  friends  and  for  peace." 

As  soon  as  the  troubles  be<'aM,  there  were  many  of  the  Menonioiiics  and 
Sioux,  who,  thirsting  for  the  blood  of  tlie  Sacs,  came  and  offered  themselves 
to  the  whites,  to  fight  for  them,  but  their  services  were  refused ;  now  they 
had  had  a  fight,  and  being  beaten,  they  were  glad  to  call  upon  the  Indians 
for  assistance,  and  it  was  granted.  Yet  it  should  not  bo  supposed  that  it  was 
from  any  love  tlusy  bore  towards  the  whites  that  they  were  glad  to  figlit  (br 
tljeni,  but  from  their  natural  inclination  to  war,  and  to  seek  revenge  for  in- 
juries  they  had  received  from  the  Sacs  during  their  former  troubles.  Con- 
se(piently  several  hiuidn  ds  of  them  were  soon  upon  th(i  inarch  in  various 
directions  to  surprise  those  belonging  to  the  war  party,  and  others  attached 
themselves  to  the  army. 

Blood  had  now  been  shed,  and  no  one  had  any  right  to  expect  but  that  the 
Indians  would  retaliate  upon  any  whites,  according  to  their  manner,  whether 
in  arms  or  the  cradle.  There  was  a  small  settlement  upon  Indian  Creek 
near  its  confluence  with  Fox  Riv(!r,  about  25  miles  from  the  town  of  Hennepin, 
the  rendezvous  of  the  army.  On  the  20th  *  of  May,  this  settlement  was 
fallen  upon  by  a  small  band  of  warriors,  led  by  a  Pottowattomie,  who,  after 
killing  15  persons,  took  considerable  plunder,  and  proceeded  to  Black-hawk's 
camp. 

The  Indians  gave  as  a  reason  for  their  attack  upon  tliis  place,  that  not  long 
before,  a  man  who  lived  there  by  the  name  of  Hall,  had  severely  beaten  the 
Pottowattomie  who  led  the  j)arty  that  committed  the  murder.  Yet  the  fiunily 
of  this  man,  if  not  the  man  himself,  had  been  told  by  a  friendly  Indian,  that 
a  party  would  come  and  murder  them,  and  advised  them  to  fly  fbi  their  lives. 
Tliey  immediately  did  so,  but  as  vengeance  had  decreed,  they  appear  to  have 
returned  again  very  soon,  as  tliey  were  there  found  and  murdered,  as  hef()re 
stated.  Two  daughters  of  Mr.  Hull  were  led  Jiway  ."aptive,  one  about !(!,  and 
the  other  about  18  years  of  age  ;  two  brothers  of  these  young  women,  who 
were  at  work  in  the  field  when  the  massacre  began,  made  their  escape  aiul 
arrived  safe  at  Dixon's  Ferry.  Black-hawk  said  the  young  women  would 
iiave  been  killed  by  the  Pottovvattomies  when  they  were  taken,  hut  were 
S])ared  at  the  intercession  of  two  of  his  men,  who  were  with  them.  The 
following  account  was  written  innn(!(liately  afler  they  were  delivered  fioin 
captivity,  by  a  person  at  Dixon's  l'"erry,  where  they  were  delivered,  and  is 
probably  correct. 

"Of  the  Misses  Hdln,  whose  case  seems  to  interest  eveiy  body,  (and  wiio 
are  now  at  Galeiui,)  it  nuiy  not  be  uninteresting  to  hear  the  following,  as  the 
best  information  that  could  Im  collected  from  the  Indians  who  succeeded  in 
prociuing  their  liberation.  Afler  the  bloody  scene  of  dcsspntchiug  siicii  ot'ilie 
family  as  were  about  the  house,  (to  which  they  could  not  avoid  being  eye-wit- 
nesses,) those  young  woukju  were  each  placed  on  a  horse,  which  was  led  Ijy 
a  man — other  men  walked  alongside,  to  guard  and  kee])  them  from  falling  oft 

"  The  editor  of  the  American  Animal  Rr<risler  is  under  a  pfrcut  mistake  in  placinij  this 
aflfair  a  inDi.tli  earlier.  It  changes  lliu  whole  aspect  of  uH'tiirs  ;  inakinfj;  the  Indiu'"'  lliu  fint 
murderers,  whicti  is  not  fact. 


Chap.  IX.] 

in  difHcidt  passof 

them,  and  elderlj 

tukvu  care  of!     S 

cried  and  wept,  a 

the  young  womi;i 

tJiem.     They  als( 

going  through  a 

more  of  the  cair 

there  was  more  d 

young  warrior  cla 

up;  but  afler  usin 

say  they  had  to  ue 

the  ofler,  obtained 

a  lock  of  iier  hair 

whites,  but  is  to  !>* 

bv  tJie  Wiiuiebago 

all  to  the  amount  c 

Black-hawk  was 

80urc(>s  of  Kock  I 

Atkinson  was  in  pu 

had  retraced  his  8t( 

About  this  time, 

was  killed  on  the  r< 

carried  off  as  a  tn 

being  re|)resented  a 

picious  Indians  w<'r 

stojiped,  n  treated  t( 

tile  Dimkard  preach 

night,  and  was  kille( 

On  the  22  May, 

son,  with  despatches 

four  of  thetn  wcr<:  1 

ber.    Tliey  were  all! 

camp.     St.  Vrain  Ihh 

ing  their  retnoval. 

About  tills  time,  a 
Mounds  on  the  Ga 
was  killed  near  Dixo 
same  place,  but  it  W( 
On  ih(!  «)th  June,  n 
from  Galena,  was  atl 
tliey  had  wisely  takt; 
for  about  an  hour,  Iti. 
itaiits  then  went  dow 
wen  killef«,  I  do  „ot 
By  the  beginning  o 
country,  that  Blnck-h 
Iroutier  inliabifants. 
coinhat  500  Indians, 
"'!ir  the  defence  of, 
On  the-  I4lh  of  Jui 
■-■ar  Galena,  and  on 
place.    Gent  ral  Dodi 
mounted  men  immed 
discovered  J2  Indiauc 
niiinlers,  and  he  purs 
Mst  Pichetoneka  Cr 
Tlie  whites  dismount 
piiHid  to  watch  fbi 
fetrcating  Indians,     'I 
cniiiinate  sluugliter, 


111(1  wlio 

',  UK  ilie 

mmI»'(1  in 
;li  of  the 

(•yc-wit- 
H  "h'd  Ijy 
iliing  off 

acini?  lliis 
c  tliu  first 

Chap.  IX.] 


DODGE'S  FIGHT  NEAR  GALENA. 


151 


in  difficult  passes. — At  niglit  n  lodge  was  set  apart,  and  blankets  spread  for 
theiri,  and  elderly  s(iua\vs  ninde  to  sleep  on  each  side,  by  vvlioni  tliey  were 
taken  care  of.  Siieli  Ibod  as  the  Indian.s  hud,  was  offered  to  them  ;  but  tliey 
cried  and  wept,  and  were  too  unwell  to  eat  or  be  conifortcul.  All  of  wbich 
the  young  women  say  is  true,  and  tiiat  the  Indian  men  oflered  no  insult  to 
tliem.  lliey  also  conHrni  what  is  .><tated  ol"  lilack-lmwk!s  camp,  as  seen  in 
going  through  a  narrow  passage,  where  their  horses  mired  in  tlu?  nuid: — 
more  of  the  camp,  it  is  supposed,  they  were  not  allowcjcl  to  sof!.  It  seems 
tliere  was  more  diliiculty  in  procuring  tFie  liberty  of  one  than  the  other:  a 
young  warrior  claimed  her  fis  his  prize,  and  was  very  unwilling  to  give  her 
up;  but  alter  using  all  the  arguments  tliey  were  capabh;  (»f,  the  VVimiebagos 
sny  they  bad  to  use  threats,  which,  together  with  an  addition  often  horses  to 
the  offer,  obtained  his  consent.  The  young  warrior  cut  from  Miss  HuWs  head 
a  lock  of  her  hair;  wbich,  by  tb(^  by,  has  no  affuiity  tc  a  similar  act  among 
whites,  but  is  to  be  kept  as  a  trophy  of  bis  warlike  «!xpl  )its.  The  price  jiaid 
by  the  Winnebagos  is  stated  to  be  forty  horses,  wampum  and  trinkets, — in 
all  to  the  arnotmt  of  aOOO  dollars." 

Black-hawk  was  now  in  the  neighborhood  of  Four  Lakes,  at  the  bead 
gources  of  Rock  Riv«'r,  about  (iO  Ukiles  from  Fort  Winnebago,  and  (lenerul 
Atkinson  was  in  pursuit  of  him;  but  before  be  rea<;hed  bis  place  of  retreat,  be 
had  retraced  his  stej)s,  and  was  next  discovered  on  the  Ouisconsin. 

About  this  time,  a  travelling  preacher  of  the  denomination  called  Dunkards 
was  killed  on  the  road  to  Chicago.  His  head  was  severed  li'om  bis  body,  and 
carried  off  as  a  tro|)hy.  lie  was  noted  lor  bis  odd  appearance ;  his  beard 
buing  represented  as  near  a  yard  in  length.  He  had  been  informed  that  sus- 
picious Indians  w(>re  in  the  neighborhood,  and  a  fiimily,  at  whose  house  be 
8to|)i)ed,  n  tr(;ated  towards  the  settlements  on  receiving  the  information  ;  but 
the  iJunkard  preacher  thought  proper  to  abide  in  the  deserted  house  over 
night,  and  was  killed. 

On  the  22  May,  a  party  of  spies  having  been  sent  out  by  General  Jltkin- 
son,  with  despatches  for  F'ort  Armstrong,  were  attuekt.'d  by  the  Indians,  and 
four  of  them  wen-,  killed.  St.  Fmin,  an  Indian  agent,  was  among  the  num- 
ber. They  were  all  scalped,  and  their  scalps  wen;  carried  to  Black-hawVs 
canij).  St.  Vrain  bad  been  odious  to  the  Sacs  from  the  part  he  took  concern- 
ing their  removal. 

About  this  time,  a  man  by  the  name  nf  Smith  was  murdered  near  the  Blue 
Mounds  on  the  (Julena  li-ontier,  and  Mr.  fVinters,  a  mail  contractor  at  Galena, 
was  killed  near  Dixon's  Ferry.  The  body  of  another  iiuin  was  found  near  the 
same  place,  but  it  was  so  disHgure<l  that  it  was  not  known. 

On  th(!  <)tb  Juno,  a  small  settlement  at  the  mouth  of  I'lum  River,  30  miles 
froia  Galena,  was  attacked,  and  the  people  retreated  to  a  block-bouse,  wliicli 
they  had  wisely  taken  the  precaution  to  enict.  This  the  Indians  tri(!d  to  take 
for  about  an  hour,  but  could  not  effect  their  object,  and  drew  off.  The  inhab- 
iuuits  th(^n  went  down  the  river  in  u  boat  to  Galena.  Whether  any  persons 
\vcr(  kille(',  I  do  not  find. 

Hy  the  beginning  of  Jinic,  there  were  so  many  troops  spread  over  the  Indiait 
country,  that  Black-hawk\<i  party  (bund  btit  few  (vpportunities  to  miu-der  llie 
frontier  inhabitants.  And  although  there  wtire  aboiu  .'UK)0  men  in  arms  to 
conilmt  500  Indians,  yet  congrciss  ordered  (iOO  moiuited  rangers  to  be  raised 
"for  the  defence  of  the  fi*ontiers." 

Oil  th(!  I4lh  of  June,  five  pj'rsons  were  killed  not  far  below  Hamilton's  Fort, 
M>ar  (jah^ia,  and  on  the  Kith  one  man  was  killed  within  a  mib;  of  the  same 
place.  Central  Dodfrt  being  in  the  neighborhood,  marched  with  30  of  his 
mounted  men  immediately  in  pursuit.  When  about  three  miles  on  his  way,  he 
discovered  12  Indians,  whom  he  took  to  be  the  party  who  bad  conuuitted  the 
murders,  and  he  pursued  them  with  great  spirit.  Immediately  after  crossing 
East  Fiihetoncka  Oeek,  the  Indians  buried  th"mselves  in  a  thick  swamp. 
The  whites  dismounted,  and  after  securing  their  horses,  and  placing  a  small 
guard  to  watch  for  any  that  might  attempt  to  escape,  rushed  in  afbr  the 
retreating  Indians.  They  presently  came  up  with  them,  and  began  an  iinlis- 
criiniuato  slaughter.    No  resistance  was  made,  and  every  Indian  was  killed 


ill,'! 

M 


■  -1 

■t.  ■' 


152 


STEVENSON'S  DEF.5AT.— FORTS  ATTACKED. 


[Hook  V. 


or  murdered  in  a  few  minutes.    Not  satisfied  with  this,  they  tore  off  the 
scdips  of  every  one,  and  bore  them  off  in  triumpli. 

O''  the  same  day,  Captain  Snyder  met  with  and  defeated  a  small  Indian 
force  near  Keilujr's  Grove.    Foin-  of  the  Indians  were  said  to  have  been  i<iiied 
and  one  of  the  whites  was  mortally  wounded.    In  their  return  march,  they 
were  attacked  by  an  ambush  and  defi'ated,  having  three  of  tiieir  men  killed 
and  mo:. ally  wounded.    The  whites  now  escaped  by  flight. 

On  the  18th  of  June,  as  Ca|)tain  Stevenson  with  a  small  force  was  scoutin'r 
near  where  General  Dodge  cut  off  the  V2  Indians,  be  was  met  by  a  Ihrc.v  under 
Black-hawk,  and  a  fierce;  contest  ensued.  The  whites  fought  well,  but  tiiev 
were  defeated.  At  one  time,  Ca[)tain  Stevenson  was  lefl  almost  alone;  by  Ins 
part}',  and  was  severely  wounded ;  but  they  rallied  again,  and  eflecti d  a 
retreat,  with  the  loss  of  three  ordy  of  their  nund)er.  The  fight  wan  close 
and  di'sperate  for  a  short  time,  in  which  bayonets,  knives  and  tomaliawka 
were  chiefly  nsed. 

An  attempt  was  made  on  the  24  of  June,  by  n  considerable  body  fjf  war- 
riors, to  surprise  the  fort  at  Bufliilo  Grove,  on  Rock  Kiver,  oidy  about  12  miles 
to  the  northward  of  Dixon's  F'erry.  It  was  guarded  by  1.50  militia,  who  were 
prepared  to  meet  them,  and  a  consideraWy  sharp  contest  ensued.  Sixteen 
of  the  Indians  were  killed  before  they  retreated.  But  few  of  the  vvliitea 
were  wounded.  The  garrison  was  in  great  fear  of  being  cut  off,  havinj:  ex- 
pended all  their  ammunition  before  a  reinforcement  arrive«l,  wiiicli  had  Imm 
sent  for  while  the  attack  was  going  on. 

About  this  time,  as  Black-hawk  Avas  approaching  a  small  fort  on  Ap|)lR 
River,  about  12  miles  from  Galena,  he  fell  in  with  four  men  who  had  been 
sent  express  to  this  place.  They  did  not  discover  the  Inflians  until  tired 
upon,  when  they  fled  for  the  fort,  and  the  Indians  ])ursued  them;  one  of  the 
men,  a  Mr.  IVeUh,  was  wounded  before  reaching  the  fort,  and  another  nuin 
was  killed  in  the  fort,  who  had  raised  his  head  al)ove  the  pickets  to  ninke 
discovery.  The  Indians  contented  themselves  by  taking  away  a  considerahli; 
quantity  of  flour,  and  a  number  of  cattle  and  horses.  They  would  douh;l(;ss 
have  burnt  the  fort  and  buildings,  and  killed  all  the  people,  but  from  lour 
that  the  light  of  them  would  be  seen  by  some  large  body  of  white  soldici's, 
who  might  pursue  and  overtake  them. 

Oh  the  25th  of  Jime,  a  pretty  severe  fight  took  place  between  a  company  of 
spies  under  Major  Dement  and  a  Imnd  of  Indians,  not  far  from  Kellog's 
Grove.  He  had  arrived  there  only  the  e:  ling  before,  and  being  int<)rnied 
that  an  Indian  trail  was  discovered  in  the  neighborhood,  se'.  off  iuunedintely 
with  30  mounted  tnen  to  attack  them.  He  had  not  proceeded  fiir  bei()re  the 
Indians  appeared,  and  confidently  attacked  him.  The  Indian  yell  so  friirht- 
ened  the  horses  that  they  were  thrown  into  confusion,  and  soon  Ix'iiaii  a 
retreat.  The  Indians  pursued  them  a  considerable  distiuice,  and  lost  nine  of 
their  number,  two  of  whom  were  chiefs.  Five  of  the  whites  were  killed, 
and  they  lost  about  30  of  their  horses. 

On  the  2!)th  of  June,  three  mei;  were  attacked  in  a  field  at  the  Cincinaway 
Mound,  about  10  miles  from  Gaiena,  and  two  of  them  were  killed.  iMiijor 
Stevenson  marched  iunnediately  in  pursuit  of  the  murderers.  On  arriving  ut 
the  Mound  he  found  the  Iwdies  of  the  two  men,  John  Hvompson  and  Jnmea 
Boxley,  both  shockingly  mutilated.  The  heart  of  the  former  was  taken  out, 
and  both  were  scalped.  Having  lefl  a  few  men  to  bury  the  dead,  Major 
Stevenson  followed  the  trail  of  the  party  to  the  Mississippi,  where  he  found 
they  had  stolen  a  canoe  and  effected  their  escape  across  the  river. 

Mention  has  been  made  of  the  prompt  action  of  congress  for  the  relief  of 
the  frontiers.  "General  Scott  was  ordered  from  the  sea-board  with  nine  com- 
panies of  artillery,  and  their  cannon  were  to  be  drawn  from  the  coast ;  nine  corn- 
Einies  of  infantry  were  ordered  from  the  lakes,  and  (wo  companies  from 
aton  Rouge,  to  [>ut  an  end  to  the  war.  Such  was  the  j)rom[)tness  with 
which  these  orders  were  executed,  that  five  out  of  the  six  companies  of 
artillery  ordered  fi-om  Fort  Monroe  in  the  Chesapeake  arrived  in  jdd.iysat 
Chicago,  1800  miles  distant  in  the  interior  of  the  country.  Unfortunately 
this  detachtnent  was  attacked  by  the  cholera  on  the  route,  and  the  whole 


Chap.  IX.] 


RAVAGES  OF  THE  CHOLERA. 


153 


were  rendered  unfit  to  take  the  field  befiire  tliey  arrived  at  the  scene  of  action." 
Accordingly  (jleneral  Scott  inibrined  (ieneral  Jllkinson  timt  lie  could  not 
cooperate  with  him  without  endangering  the  troops  already  in  the  field,  and 
tlieretbre  directed  him  to  act  without  ret'orenct;  to  his  forces. 

The  scenes  of  horror  occasioned  by  this  most  singular  disease  will  doubt- 
less be  told  oY  in  alter-limes  with  an  effect  which  has  not  been  surpassed  in 
that  of  the  histories  of  the  plagues  in  ancient  day.s.  Several  of  the  com- 
panies before  mentioned  were  entirely  broken  up.  Of  a  corps  of  208  men 
under  Colonel  Twiggs,  but  nine  were  lelt  alive.  Mr.  John  MorveU,  at  Detroit, 
wrote  on  the  12th  July,  to  the  editor  of  the  Pennsylvania  Enquirer,  concern- 
ing its  ravages  in  that  region,  as  follows : — 

"  I  regret  to  add,  that  the  intelligence  from  the  regular  tntops  is  disastrous. 
Of  the  three  companies  of  artillery  under  Colonel  Twiggs,  and  two  or  three 
more  companies  of  infantry  with  them,  few  remain,  'i  hese  troops,  you  will 
recollect,  landed  from  the  steam-boat  lleiiry  Clay  below  Fort  Gratiot.  A  great 
number  of  them  have  bei;n  swept  off  by  ti:e  d:«»""«o.  Nearly  all  the  others 
have  deserted.  Of  the  deserters,  scattered  all  over  the  country,  some  have 
died  in  the  woods,  and  their  bodies  been  devoured  by  the  wolves.  I  use  the 
language  of  a  gallant  young  officer.  Others  have  taken  their  flight  to  the 
world  of  spirits,  without  a  companion  to  close  their  eyes,  or  console  the  last 
moments  of  their  existence.  Their  straggling  sai-vivors  are  occasionally  seen 
marching,  some  of  them  know  not  whither,  v -•th  their  knapsacks  on  their 
backs,-  shunned  by  the  terrified  inhabitants  as  me  source  of  a  mortal  pesti- 
lence. Colonel  Twiggs  himself,  and  Surgeon  Everett,  are  veiy  low.  They 
were  still  living  at  the  latest  accounts  from  Fort  Gratiot,  and  sanguine  hopea 
were  entertained  of  their  recovery.  No  other  officers  liave  yet  been  assailed, 
e.':cept  Lieutenant  Clay. 

"You  will  remember  that  the  troops  under  Colonel  Cummings,  several  of 
whom  died  here,  embarked  on  board  the  steam-boat  William  Penn,  on  Sunday 
last,  for  Chicago.  The  sickness  among  them  increased  as  they  proceeded  to 
Fort  Gratiot,  and  became  so  great  by  the  time  they  arrived  there,  that  they 
were  disembarked,  and  have  returned  to  the  vicinity  of  this  city,  and  en- 
camped at  Springwells,  about  three  miles  below  town.  Seventeen  or  eight- 
een of  them  have  died,  and  so.ne  still  remain  sick,  probably  never  to  recover. 
One  half  of  the  command  of  General  Scott,  ordered  to  Chicago  by  the  lakes, 
will  never  reach  him;  a  large  portion  of  them  dying;  a  still  larger  number 
deserting  from  an  overwhelming  dread  of  the  disease,  and  tlie  residue  obliged 
to  march  back  again." 

In  pursuing  the  thread  of  events  in  our  narrative,  we  left  General  Atkinson 
in  pursuit  of  Black-hawk,  .vl.csc  camp  was  said  to  be  at  the  Four  Lakes. 
General  Atkinson  had  got  this  information  from  a  Pottowattomie  Indian,  named 
Wapanseth,  whom,  with  several  others,  he  had  employed  for  the  [xirpose. 
He  said  the  old  chief's  camp  was  "  inaccessible  on  all  sides,  except  through  a 
narrow  pass,  which  was  nujddy,  being  otherwise  surrounded  by  water  or 
swamps.  It  was  a  little  above  the  junction  of  a  small  creek,  called  White- 
water, with  the  principal  stream  of  Rock  River,  and  between  the  two." 
Rut,  as  we  have  already  noted,  when  the  army  arrived  at  the  Four  Lakes, 
Black-haioh  had  gone ;  and  so  well  did  he  manage  his  retreat  that  the  whites 
were  deceived  as  to  the  direction  he  had  taken. 

"Gen.  Atkinson,  expecting,  when  he  marched,  to  meet  the  enemy  in  a 
short  time,  had  taken  with  him  but  n  small  (juantity  of  provisions,  in  conse- 
quence of  which  he  was  obliged  to  halt  ami  divide  his  forces  at  Lake  Cosh- 
ko-nong  (one  of  the  four)  above  named.  He  himself  with  the  regulars,  some 
650  strong,  remained  at  the  lake ;  the  militia,  consisting  of  three  brigades, 
under  Generals  Posey,  Dodge  anil  Hcnnj,  ai)out  2000  men,  were  ordered  to 
march  f  Tort  Winnebago,  on  the  Ouiscoiisin,  where  stores  were  hourly  ex- 
pected. It  was  the  intention  c  f  the  comtnander-iii-chief  to  consolidate  his 
forces,  and  remsw  the  pursuit  a  i  s»»on  as  he  had  obtained  snificiiMit  stores," 

Iiisteail  of  crossing  the  cour.ry  to  escape  beyond  the  Mississippi,  as  was 
Mpocted,  Black-hawk  i\iiSCPA}. Kid  the  Ouisconsin  to  escape  in  that  direction; 
liy  wliich  nteans  General  Dodge  came  upon  his  trail  and  coimnenc(Ml  a  vigor- 
ous pursuit.    The  old  chief  had  received  encouragement  that  in  the  country 


-3 


154 


BATTLE  OF  THE  OUISCONSIN. 


[Book  V. 


to  wliicli  lie  liad  retreated,  he  should  not  only  receive  additional  forccH  hy 
wiiic-h  he  (Hiiild  witiititiitid  ull  the  Ainerieans  could  l)ring  againnt  iiim,  hut 
also  provisiouH  in  ahundance.  He  found  too  late  that  he  had  been  deceived 
in  both  jtarticulars ;  he  was  obliged  to  fly  from  Atkinaon^s  army,  without  pro- 
visions,  nor  had  he  time  to  jirocure  any  upon  the  way.  Dodge  was  iuuuo. 
diately  upon  his  trail,  but  did  not  overtake  him  until  near  a  hundred  miles' 
pursuit. 

On  the  21  of  July,  General  Dodge,  with  about  900  men  besides  Indians 
came  up  with  Black-fMwk.  on  the  Ouisconsin,  40  miles  from  Fort  W'innol)ii<;o 
over  against  the  old  Sac  village,  and  't  was  only  by  the  superior  nianageinent 
of  the  old  warrior  chief,  that  himself  or  any  of  his  people  escaped  capture,  A 
great  nund)er  of  Indians  belonged  to  Dodge's  army,  who  contributed  nmcli 
to  the  successful  result  of  the  atfair.  The  whites  came  upon  the  Indians  as 
they  were  about  to  cross  the  river,  and  the  time  being  evening,  may  account 
for  their  not  being  all  cut  oflT;  for  immediately  after  the  attack  began,  it  was 
BO  dark  that  the  whites  could  not  continue  it  without  disadvantug<)  to  tliern- 
selves.  A  letter  dated  at  Fort  Howard,  25  July,  gives  the  following  account 
of  the  affair : — 

"  Last  evening  we  received  the  intelligence  of  a  battle  having  Imen  fought  be- 
tween Gen.  Dodge  and  his  division,  and  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  in  which  the  limner 
were  victorious.  The  particulars,  as  stated  in  Capt.  Plimpton's  letter  to  C'apt. 
Clark,  are  these :  Parquett,  with  a  few  Winnebagos,  left  the  Portage  a  It-w 
days  since,  to  proceea  to  Gen.  Dodge's  army,  and  guide  them  to  the  Hue 
camp.  On  Saturday  morning  last,  21st  inst.,  Gen.  Dodge  sent  his  adjutant 
to  report  to  Gen.  Atkinson  of  his  movements.  He  had  not  proceedeil  fhr 
before  he  can.e  upon  the  Sacs'  and  Foxes'  trail,  directing  their  course  to  the 
Ouisconsin  river.  He  immediately  returned  and  reported  the  circunistaiice 
to  Gen.  Dodge,  who  ]Hirsued  and  overtook  them  about  sundown  of  the  same 
day,  (Saturday)  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ouisconsin,  and  about  40  miles  front 
Fort  Winnebago,  wlnsn  the  fight  ensued ;  the  Indians  at  the  same  time  re- 
treating. The  night  being  very  dark,  they  found  it  impossible  to  pur»ne 
them.  They  had  found,  wlien  Parquett  left  them,  which  was  early  tiie  next 
morning,  Iti  Indians  killed,  and  but  one  white  man  killed,  and  four  wounded. 
Parquett  thinks  not  less  than  40  Indians  fell  in  the  engagement." 

We  have  the  official  account  of  the  battle  by  General  Dodge ;  but  as  it 
contains  no  additional  facts,  and  is  less  minute  than  this,  it  was  not  thought 
worth  while  to  insert  it 

The  truly  deplorable  condition  of  the  Indians  at  this  time  cannot  well  be 
conceived  of.  In  their  pursuit  of  them  before  the  battle,  the  whites  found 
numbers  dead  in  the  way — emaciated,  and  starved  to  death !  When  overtaken 
by  Gen.  Dodge,  they  were  not  estimated  to  be  but  about  300  men,  besides 
women  and  children,  and  although  the  affair  of  the  21st  is  called  a  battle,  it 
does  not  seem  that  it  can  scarcely  deserve  that  name,  for  if  there  had  been 
any  thing  more  than  a  show  of  resistance,  more  of  the  whites  would  have 
been  killed. 

Tiie  Lidians  report  that  they  were  attacked  about  a  mile  from  the  river: 
the  approach  of  the  army  was  discovered,  and  Black-hawk,  with  only  50  or 
60  men,  met  them,  to  give  the  remainder  time  to  cross  to  an  island.  JSi'eapope, 
who  had  been  ordered  to  march  in  the  rear  with  about  20  warriors,  to  give 
notice  when  the  whites  were  discovered,  had  been  passed  by  them  by  an  un- 
expected route,  and  Black-hawk  heard  no  more  from  him  until  after  the  war. 
He  found  there  was  no  chance  of  success  by  continuing  it,  deserted  liis 
braves,  went  to  the  Winnebago  village,  and  soon  afler  became  a  prisoner  to 
the  whites.  Meanwhile  General  Atkinson  had  marched  from  Cosluononfr, 
and  following  in  the  trail  of  Dodge,  had  arrived  within  two  days'  march  of 
the  place  where  the  fight  had  been  with  the  Indians,  and  was  immediately 
ready  to  cooperate  with  him.  After  receiving  the  news  of  the  battle,  he  marched 
to  the  Blue  Mounds  on  the  Ouisconsin,  opposite  to  where  the  fight  had  been. 

The  Indians  were  surprised  that  they  were  not  pursued  ;  but  for  want  of 
boats  or  canoes,  or  the  means  of  constnicting  rafts,  they  could  not  even  crofs 
to  the  island  to  which  the  Indians  had  escaped  for  two  days  after,  and  in  the 
mean  time  they  escaped.    That  they  were  not  pressed  harder  on  the  night  of 


Chap.  IX.]         AFFAIR  WITH  THE  STEAM-BOAT  WARRIOR. 


155 


ught  be- 
D  Ibriiier 
to  dipt. 
;e  a  lew 
tlie  Sac 

adjutant 
ecit'il  fur 
■sc  to  the 
iinistaiice 
the  same 
lilcs  from 

time  re- 
to  pur»iie 
'  the  next 
Iwoiindeil. 


the  river: 
only  50  or 

ji'eapope, 
•rs,  to  give 

\)y  an  uii- 
r  the  war. 
isertod  liis 
)risoner  to 
[oslutonon?, 

march  of 

amediately 

he  marched 

luid  heen. 

for  want  of 

even  crosss 

and  ill  the 
ihe  night  of 


the  battle,  General  Dodee  urged  in  excuse,  that  his  men  wore  worn  down  with 
futigiio,  having  niurched  tO  niileo  that  duy. 

Among  the  prisoners  taken  by  (iencral  Doilfcc^s  party,  was  the  wife  of  the 
warrior  culled  the  Bio-^ake.  Shu  was  a  .sister  of  Keokuk,  and  Iilt  Inishand 
had  heen  killed  in  the  fight.  Although  the  whites  were  satisfied  before,  they 
were  now  informed  by  this  s(;uuw  of  Black-lutwk's  final  resolution  ;  which 
was,  for  such  of  bis  men  as  hud  good  horses  to  proceed  with  hiiu  and  strike 
the  Mississippi  above  Prairie  du  Chien,  while  the  remainder  should  jiroci^ed 
by  the  Oiiisconsin  ;  and  a  place  of  rendezvous  was  appointed  for  all  to  meet 
on  the  west  side  of  the  great  river.  This  s(]uuw  also  stated  that  before  tlie 
battle  on  the  Ouisconsin,  in  which  she  was  taken,  200  of  Black-lmwkh  men 
had  been  killed. 

General  Dodge  having  recommended  a  cunnon  to  bo  |)laced  on  the  bank 
of  the  river,  at  a  suitable  place  ImjIow  the  battle-ground,  to  cut  off  such  as 
should  attempt  an  escape  in  that  direction,  marched  with  bis  army  on  the 
23d,  and  joined  General  Atkinson  at  the  Blue  Mounds,  and  every  thing  was 
immediately  put  in  readiness  to  pursue  the  main  body  of  the  Indians  under 
Black-hawk. 

As  was  intended,  many  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  whites  as  they  descended 
the  Ouisconsin.  Some  of  the  boats  conveying  these  poor  wretches  were 
overset,  and  many  of  those  in  tiicm  were  drowned;  the  greater  nundier,  how- 
ever, fell  into  the  hands  of  their  enemies  in  their  passage.  Many  of  the 
children  were  found  to  be  in  such  a  iiunished  stute  that  they  could  not  be 
revived. 

Several  untoward  circumstances  now  transpired  to  prevent  the  escaj)e  of 
the  main  body  under  Black-hawk.  The  first  was  bis  fulling  in  with  a  steam- 
boat on  the  Istof  August,  Justus  they  were  preparing  to  cro.ss  the  Mississippi,  by 
which  means  that  day  was  lost.  And  ui)on  the  next  day,  the  wholi;  army  of 
whites  under  General  Atkinson  came  upon  them,  which  completed  their 
destruction.  As  in  the  affair  of  the  21  of  July  on  the  Ouisconsin,  Black-fiawk 
did  not  wish  to  fight,  bi  -  to  escape ;  and  when  the  steam-boat  fell  in  with 
liini  he  used  every  means  to  give  the  captain  of  hev  to  understand  that  he 
desired  to  surrender.  He  dis|)liiyed  two  white  riags,  and  aiiout  1.50  of  his 
men  approached  the  river  without  urnss,  and  made  signs  of  submission  ;  but 
whether,  as  was  said  by  the  whites,  the  interpreter  on  boiu'd  was  so  frightened 
tliut  he  could  not  convey  the  meaning  of  those  on  shore  to  the  captain  of  the 
boat,  or  whether,  as  it  would  seem,  the  whites  were  deternnned  to  kill  Indians, 
we  will  not  take  upon  us  to  decide,  but  lay  before  the  reader  the  uccount  of 
the  artuir  by  Captain  /.  Throcnwrton,  of  the  boat,  which  is  as  follows : — 

"Prairie  du  Chien,  3  Aug.  1832.  I  arrived  at  this  ])lace  on  Monday  last, 
[30  July,]  and  was  despatched,  with  the  Warrior  alone,  to  Wupushuw's  villuge, 
1'20  miles  above,  to  inform  them  of  the  approach  of  the  Sacs,  and  to  order 
down  all  the  friendly  Indians  to  this  |)lace.  On  our  way  down,  we  met  one 
of  the  Sioux  band,  who  informed  us  that  the  Indians  (our  enemies)  were  on 
Bad-axe  River,  to  the  nund)er  of  400.  We  stopped  and  cut  some  wood,  and 
|iivpared  lor  action.  About  4  o'clock  on  Wednesday  afternoon,  [1  Aug.] 
we  lound  the  gentlemen  [Indians]  where  he  stuteil  he  had  left  them.  As  we 
iieared  them,  they  raised  u  white  flag,  and  endeavored  to  decoy  us ;  but  wo 
were  a  little  too  old  for  thtun  ;  ibr  instead  of  landing,  we  ordered  them  to  send 
a  boat  on  board,  which  they  declined.  After  about  1.5  minutes'  delay,  giving 
lliem  time  to  remove  a  few  of  their  women  and  children,  we  let  slip  a  six- 
poiiiider  loaded  with  canister,  Ibllowed  by  a  severe  fire  of  musketry  ;  and  if 
evci  you  saw  .straight  blankets,  you  would  have  seen  them  there.  I  fouirht 
tluMii  at  anchor  most  of  the  time,  and  we  were  all  very  much  exposed.  I  have 
(ibull  which  came  in  close  by  where  I  was  standing,  and  passed  through  the 
bulk-head  of  the  wheel-room.  We  fought  them  for  about  an  hour  or  more, 
until  our  wood  began  to  fail,  und  night  coming  on,  we  left, and  went  on  to  the 
Praiiie.  This  little  fight  cost  them  23  killed,  and,  of  course,  a  great  many 
wounded.  Wo  never  lost  a  man,  and  had  but  one  man  woutidrd,  (shot  through 
the  Kg.)  The  next  morning,  before  we  could  get  back  again,  on  account  of  a 
hiavy  fog,  they  hud  the  whole  [of  General  Atkinson''s]  army  upon  tlicni.  We 
fouud  tlieni  at  it,  walked  in,  and  took  a  hand  ourselves.    The  liist  shot  from 


^W'^ 


150 


DEFEAT  OF  nLACK-HAWK  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI.       [Book  V. 


the  Warrior  laid  out  three. 
in  great  lii.st*!,  ;i    I  am  now 


I  can  hardly  tell  you  any  tliinff  about  it,  for  I  nni 
on  my  way  to  thr  tichl  nj,'ain,  Tlin  army  loHt 
eight  or  nine  killed,  and  Heventecn  woimded,  whom  we  hron^rht  down.  One 
died  on  deck  laxt  ni'jht.  We  brought  down  .'{(iprisonerH,  wonitn  and  chiidn!!!. 
'  tell  you  what,  Sam,  there  is  no  fun  in  fighting  hnliauH,  particularly  at  thin 
season,  when  the  grass  is  so  very  bright.  Kvery  man,  and  even  my  eabin-hoy 
fought  well.  We  had  1(5  regidars,  r»  riflemen,  and  liO  of  ourselves.  Mr.  Uow 
of  Platt(!,  Mr.  Janita  (<.  Soular/f,  ami  one  of  the  Rolettes,  wcro  with  us,  aiul 
fouglit  well." 

Lieutenant  Kinsrahurji,  an  officer  in  command  of  the  United  States'  troops  on 
board  thcs  Warrior  at  tlie  time  of  the  fight,  reported  that,  al)out  40  miles  above 
Prairie  du  Chien,  a  great  number  of  ihe  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  seen,  wlio  hoisted 
a  white  flag,  but  would  not  send  a  canoe  on  l)oard,  although  they  wen;  told 
that,  in  case  tliey  did  not,  they  should  be  fired  upon,  which  was  iinnie- 
diately  done.  They  seemed  much  alarmed  when  the  six-pounder  was  dis- 
charged upon  them,  and  all  innnediately  covered  themselves  with  trees  and 
whatever  o-.'  red.    Five  or  six  were  supposed  to  have  been  killed. 

l.i*'''  on  tJie  morning  of  the  next  day,  August  2,  tiie  whole  combined  army, 
amoui'i;  .j^  .  KiOO  men,  came  up  with  the  Indians;  and  the  following  are 
the  jiii  iculi  r  ''itails  of  that  whoh  transaction,  as  published  at  (ialena,  four 
days  a;    /  it  Iia;  •■  led,  namely,  Ai  gust  (5. 

"The  whole  ut  .y  under  Gcnciul  w^/AiJWon,  embracing  the  brigades  com- 
manded by  GtMierals  Hennf,  Posey,  and  Alexander,  and  squadron  under  cotn- 
mand  of  (ieneral  Dodf^e,  all  crossed  over  to  the  north  side  of  the  Ouisconsin 
at  Helena,  on  the  28tTi  and  9!)th  ult.  They  took  up  a  line  of  march  in  a 
northerly  tlirection,  in  order  to  intersect  the  Indian  trail.  At  the  distance  of 
about  five  miles,  th(!  great  trail  'vas  discovered,  leading  in  a  direction  i\.  of  W. 
towards  the  Mississippi,  and  supposed  to  be  about  four  days  old.  General  ,11- 
Mnson,  seeing  the  direction  of  the  enemy,  knew  well  that  it  would  require  nil 
diligence  and  expedition  to  overtake  them  before  they  woidd  cross  the  Mis- 
sissippi, and  hence  commenced  from  that  time  a  forced  march;  leaving  all 
baggage  wagons,  and  every  thing  else  which  was  calculated  to  retard  the 
pursuit. 

"  The  country  through  which  the  enemy's  trail  led  our  army  between  tlic 
Ouisconsin  liluffs  and  the  Kickapoo  River  was  one  contiiuied  series  of  nioiin- 
tains.  No  sooner  bad  they  reached  the  sinninit  of  one  high  and  almost  ])er- 
pcndicular  hill,  than  they  had  to  descend  on  the  other  side  equally  stcej)  to 
the  base  of  another.  Nothing  but  a  deep  ravine,  with  muddy  banks,  se|)arat('(l 
these  mountains.  The  woods,  both  upon  the  top  of  the  highest  mountains, 
and  at  the  bottom  of  the  deepest  hollows,  was  of  the  heaviest  growtii.  Tlip 
under-bushes  were  chiefly  thorn  and  prickly  ash.  This  is  a  sliort  description 
of  the  route,  and  shows  the  difficulties  of  the  |)ursuit.  Notwithstinding  all 
this,  our  army  gained  on  the  enemy  daily,  as  ap[)eared  from  the  enemy's  cn- 
cam[)m('nts.  The  tedious  march  thus  continued  v.as  met  by  our  brave  tioniis 
without  a  murmur;  and  as  the  Indian  signs  appeared  more  recent,  the  oflicers 
and  men  appeared  more  anxious  to  push  on.  On  the  fourth  night  of  our 
march  from  Helena,  and  at  an  encampment  of  the  enemy,  was  discovered  an 
old  Sac  Indian,  by  our  spies,  who  informed  them  that  the  main  body  of  the 
enemy  had,  on  that  day,  gone  to  the  Mi8sissipj)i,  and  int(  nded  to  cross  on  thr 
next  morning,  Aug.  2d.  The  horses  being  nciu'ly  broken  down,  and  the  men 
nearly  exhausted  from  fiitigue.  General  Jltkinson  ordered  a  halt  for  a  few 
hoiu's,  (it  being  after  8  o'clock,)  with  a  determination  to  start  at  2  o'clock  ("or 
the  Mi8sissii)])i,  about  ten  miles  distant.  At  the  precise  hour  the  bugles  sound- 
ed, and  in  a  short  time  all  were  ready  to  march. 

"  General  Dod<re\<i  squadron  was  honored  with  being  placerl  in  front ;  the 
infantry  followed  next ;  General  Henrifs  brigade  next ;  General  Alexander's  next ; 
and  (jfcneral  Posetfs  formed  the  rear-guard.  Gineral  Dodg;e  called  lor,  and 
as  soon  received,  20  volunteer  s|)ies  to  go  aliead  of  the  whole  army. 

"  In  this  order  the  march  commenced.  They  had  not,  however,  gone  niori- 
than  five  miles,  before  one  of  our  spies  came  back,  annoimcing  their  liavini; 
come  in  sight  of  the  enemy's  picket-guard.  He  went  back,  and  the  intelli- 
gence was  quickly  conveyed  to  General  Atkinson,  then  to  all  the  conunandera 


w 


OK   V. 

I  am 

y  loH» 
'  Oiii- 
ildrcn. 
It  tlii8 
iii-lxiy, 
.  How, 
[XSy  and 

lops  on 
\  ultovo 
Iio'ihKmI 
n;  told 
imnie- 
vas  dis- 
;!cs  and 

m1  nriny, 
a\\'^  art! 
•iia,  four 

Ics  coni- 
Icr  t'oin- 
iiispoiisiu 
ircli  ill  a 
itaiicc  of 
iN.nfW. 
Mienil  .'U- 
•ctniiri'  all 
tlio  Mis- 
leavini;  all 
retard  the 

;weeu  the 
of  nioiin- 
most  per- 
ly  steep  to 
spparatod 
inoiiiitaiiis, 
.vtli.    The 
ics.-ription 
■Hiding  all 
[iK'iiiy's  en- 
•avc'tioojis 
[the  oflicers 
kht  of  our 
Irovered  an 
)()dy  of  the 
'ross  on  the 
lid  ttie  iiieii 
for  a  few- 
o'clock  for 
o-lcs  sound- 

front ;  the 
Iju/cc'siicxt; 
led  for,  and 

ly- 

.  orone  more 
licir  hiivui!.' 
.  the  inlelli- 
loiurnanders 


CHAf.  IX.]     DEFEAT  OF  BLACK-HAWK  ON  THE  MISSISSIPPI. 


157 


of  the  lyrigades  ;  niid  the  celerity  of  the  mnrch  was  instantly  incrcnsed.  In  a 
few  iiiiniites  more,  the  firiiij,'  commenced  atal)oiit  500  yards  ahead  of  the  front 
of  the  army,  hutween  our  spies  and  the  Indian  |ncket  guard.  The  Indiong 
were  driven  hy  our  spies  from  hill  to  hill,  and  kejn  np  a  tolerahly  brisk  firing 
from  every  situation  commanding  the  ground  over  which  our  spies  had  to 
march  ;  hut  being  charged  upon  and  routed  from  their  hiding-places,  they 
sought  safety  by  retreatmg  to  the  main  body  on  the  hank  of  tlie  river,  and 
joining  in  one  general  effort  to  did'end  themselves  there  or  die  on  the  ground. 
"Lest  some  might  (>scapc  by  retreating  up  or  down  the  river,  (leneral  JU- 
kinaon  very  judiciously  ortlered  (ieneral  Jllexani'  r  and  General  Posey  to  form 
the  right  wing  of  the  army,  and  march  down  to  the  river  above  the  Indian 
encampment  on  tin;  bank,  and  then  move  down.  General  Henry  formed  tho 
left  wing,  and  marched  in  the  main  trail  of  the  enemy.  Tho  if.  S.  infantry, 
and  Genend  Dodfre's  squadron  of  tho  mining  troops,  marched  in  the  centre. 
With  this  order  our  whole  force  descended  the  almost  perpendicular  bluff, 
and  came  into  a  low  valley,  heavily  timbered  with  a  large  growth  of  undi^r- 
brush,  wee<ls  and  grass. — Sloughs,  dee|)  ravines,  old  logs,  &c.  were  so  plenti- 
ful as  to  afford  every  tiicility  for  the  enemy  to  make  a  strong  defence.  Gen- 
eral Henry  first  came  upon  and  commenced  a  heavy  fire,  which  was  returned 
by  the  enemy.  The  enemy,  being  routed  from  their  first  hiding-places,  sought 
otiiers.  GiMieral  Dodge's  squadron  and  the  U.  S.  troops  soon  came  into  action, 
and,  with  General  Henry^s  men,  rushed  into  the  strong  defiles  of  the  enemy, 
and  killed  all  in  their  way,  except  a  few  who  succeeded  in  swimmin*r  loi'i/h 
of  the  Mississijipi,  150  yards  wide.  During  this  time  the  brigades  of  L  nc'  3 
J}lexander  and  Poitey  were  marching  down  the  river,  when  they  fel'  m  v  ..S 
another  part  of  the  enemy's  army,  and  killed  and  routed  all  thai  ippo^cd 
them. 

"  The  battle  lasted  upwards  of  three  hours.  About  .50  of  the  enemy's  women 
and  children  wer<^  taken  prisonei*s,  and  many,  by  accident  in  the  battl  ,  were 
killed.  When  the  Indians  were  driven  to  the  bank  of  the  Missi-ssippi,  some 
hundreds  of  men,  women,  and  children,  plunged  into  the  river,  ;  '.  hoped  by 
diving,  &c.  to  escape  the  bullets  of  our  guns ;  very  few,  liowever,  .-scaped  our 
shurp-shooters. 

"The  loss  on  the  side  of  the  enemy  never  can  be  exactly  ascertained,  but, 
according  to  tin;  best  computation,  they  must  have  lost  in  killed  upwards  of 
150.    Our  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  was  27. 

"Some  had  crossed  the  river  before  our  arrival ;  and  we  learn  by  a  prisoner, 
that  Black-hawk,  while  the  battle  waxed  warm,  had  stolen  off,  and  gone  up 
the  river  on  this  side.  If  lie  did,  he  took  nothing  with  him  ;  for  his  valuables, 
many  of  tliem,  together  with  certificates  of  good  character,  and  of  his  hav- 
inff  toiight  bravely  against  the  United  States  during  the  last  war,  &c.,  signed 
hy  British  officers,  were  found  on  the  battle-ground. 

"  It  is  the  general  impression  in  the  army  and  at  this  place,  that  the  Sacs 
wuuld  be  glad  to  conclude  a  peace  on  almost  any  terms  we  might  propose. 
On  the  morning  of  the  4th  inst.  a  party  of  Sioux  came  to  our  camp,  and  beg- 
ged jH'emission  to  go  on  the  back  trail  and  have  a  fight  with  them.  On  the 
same  day,  our  whole  army  started  to  go  down  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  (about  40 
miles,)  and  wait  fiirther  orders. 

"General  Jllkinson,  accompanied  by  Generals  Dodge  and  Posey,  with  tho 
U.  S.  inlantry,  arrived  at  the  Prairie  on  the  evening  of  the  4th,  on  board  the 
S.  B.  Warrior,  and  will  remain  until  the  mounted  volunteers  arrive.  The 
Winnebagos,  at  Prairie  du  Cliien,  are  daily  bringing  in  Sac  prisoners  and 
scalps. 

"  On  the  same  day,  a  party  of  15  men  from  Cassville,  under  command  of 
Captain  Price,  were  reconnoitring  the  country  between  that  pkice  and  the 
Ouisconsin,  and  fell  upon  a  fresh  Sac  trail  making  towards  the  Mississi|)pi. 
They  rushed  with  full  speed  of  horses,  and  soon  came  upon,  killed  and  took 
prisoners  to  the  number  of  12. 

"General  Scoit  and  staff  leil  here  this  morning  for  Prairie  du  Chien,  in 
the  steam-boat  Warrior,  to  join  General  Atkinson" 

This  was  the  finishing  stroke  to  the  war  with  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  although 
Biuk-hmok  himself  had  made  his  escape.    General  ^kinson  immediately 
14 


lii 


11 


! 

Hi  ft 

\ 

;  1: 

*    !. 

'  ■>;■  '■ ' 
'  *    11 


,  *-• 


iii 


MB 


NEAPOPE. 


[Book  V. 


direi'tetl  Keokuk  to  Homl  out  soiik!  ofliiH  IndiaiiH  to  (liMimtitl  n  Hurrondcr  of  ull 
tlif  vviiiTiorrt  lliat  Imil  <sca|H'(l,  and  il'  |iot*sil)l(j  to  captun)  Black-hawk  und 
bi'in^  liiiii  ill  (Mtliii-  alive  or  <l(!ad. 

|{r.s|M-ctiiig  his  last  liatlli-,  Blark-liitwk  Iuih  naitl,  that  wlien  th<!  whitts  caine 
li|)oii  Ids  |H>()|ih-,  thi>y  tried  to  ^nvo  theiiiselv«-H  ii|),  and  iiiaih;  no  sliow  of  ru- 
fiistaiic*'  until  the  Holdiern  befjan  to  slaii^thler  tiieiii,  and  then  his  liraveH  <leter- 
iniiied  to  (ijrjit  until  tlu7  were  all  killed.  With  a  Hiiiall  party  Iks  went  to  iho 
Winnehago  villajje  at  I'rairie  la  Crons.  Here  he  told  the  eiiief  he  dewiitd  to 
ffivt!  hiiiiM-lf  up  to  the  whites,  and  let  them  kill  him,  if  they  wished  to  <lo  so. 
The  sqiiawK  at  this  plaee  miuh^  him  a  dress  of  white  ileerskins,  lireparatory 
to  his  departure  for  I'rairie  dii  Chieii,  to  which  it  apiiears  ho  wont  volunturily 
with  tiiose  tiiat  had  heeii  Heiit  out  alh>r  him. 

'I'iie  Sioux,  of  whom  we  have  made  mention,  that  had  permission  tof.ni  out 
afl(>r  the  tlying  Sues  on  the  Md  of  August,  were  alioiit  !()()  in  mmiher.  'I'liey 
Hoon  afttM'  mt;t  with  tin;  tlyin^;  hand  on  tlie  W(>st  side  of  tht;  Mississippi,  and 
indiserimiiiately  murdere(l  ahoiit  1*20  of  thi;  poor  half-Htarvud  oroutures  wlio 
liad  t-seaped  from  the  whites  throu;;li  so  many  perils. 

.\  most  distressing  iiieident  is  related  as  having  taken  place  m  the  battle  of 
tlie  2  ,\ngust,  which  it  may  not  be  iiiijiroper  to  lay  befon;  the  reader,  ilml  ex- 
amples of  the  horrors  of  war  may  not  Ix;  wanting.  "  When  our  troo|is  cliarg(>(l 
the  enemy  in  their  deliles  near  the  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  men,  wonien,  and 
children,  were  seen  mixed  together,  in  such  a  manner  us  to  render  it  dillinilt 
to  kill  one,  and  save  tin;  otli(;r.  A  young  squaw  of  about  I!)  stood  in  tlio 
grass  at  a  sliort  distance  from  our  line,  holding  lier  little  girl  in  her  arms 
about  four  years  old.  Whihr  thus  standing,  apparently  unconcerned,  a  hall 
struck  the  right  arm  of  the  child  above  the  elbow,  and,  shattering  the  hone, 
passed  into  the  breast  of  its  poor  mother,  who  instantly  ttdl  dead  to  tlit; 
ground.  She  tell  upon  the  ciiild,  and  coutined  it  to  the  ground  also.  Durini; 
the  whole  battle,  this  babe  was  heard  to  gromi  und  call  for  relietj  hut  iioiio 
liad  time  to  afford  it.  When,  however,  the  Indians  bad  retreated  from  that 
epot,  and  the  battle  had  nearly  8ul)sided,  Lieutenant  Jliukrson,  of  tiie 
Unit"!  States'  army,  went  to  the  place  and  took  from  under  tiie  dead  motiicr 
her  wounded  daughter,  and  brought  it  to  a  place  selected  for  surgical  aiil.  It 
was  soon  ascertained  that  its  arm  must  come  oil";  luid  the  operatit>n  uas|H'r- 
forined  upon  the  little  suH'erer  without  drawing  from  it  a  tear  «ir  a  shriek." 
At  the  last  accounts  it  was  floiiig  well.  When  W(!  are  told  that  this  Imliaii 
child  was  sucking  a  piece  of  dry  biscuit  during  the  whole  time  of  the  ain|in- 
tation,  it  almost  causes  a  disbelief  of  the  whole  story ;  but  such  are  tlic 
facts  given. 

Although  no  further  depredations  could  be  feared  i'roni  the  Sacs,  yet  on  the 
9  August,  six  Indians  upproachtul  a  block-house  on  Cedar  Creek,  wiiich  runs 
hito  llenderson's  Itiver,  about  10  miles  north  of  Warren  court-house,  and  shot, 
tomahawked  and  scalped  a  young  man  named  IViUiam  Martin.  Tiiey 
Ictl  behind  them  n  pair  of  leggins  and  a  loaded  gun,  and  i\inl,  lus  was  sup- 
posed, over  the  Mississippi.  A  company  of  15  rangers  went  in  imniediate 
pursuit,  but  could  not  come  up  with  iliem.  It  was  soon  aller  discovered  that 
tliis  murder  wus  committed  by  some  of  Keokuk's  bund,  und  he  gave  U|)  iiis 
nephew  us  the  perpetrator  of  it. 


CHAPTER  X. 

Particulars  in  thelives  of  the  cliief  mm — Nf.apope — Ills  urroiinl  of  hi  mm  If — Surren- 
der of  Bl.ACK-HAWK — Spreches  on  llir.  occasion — Ills  spcrch  on  ihr  saiiir — I'lirlicu- 
lars  in  his  carl ii history — \Vabokiksiiikk,</jc  I'rophrt — 't'rratij  of  Hiptembcr,  K"i;(!i— 
— Jiccmint  of  Black-hawk's  companions — Jirrinal  of  the  Indians  at  IVashington— 
Black-hawk's  interview  with  the  President. 

Neapope  was  second  in  command  to  Black-hawk,  and  in  all  the  expeditions 
against  the  whites ;  he  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  fight  with  the  Sioux,  and  at 


Chap.  X.J 

his  examination 
l>«'«'ii  coimnitted 
"I  always  beh 
when  I  came  ba 
iiad  moved  m-n 
jVophet,  „„  It,,,., 
IVophet  sent  me 
''"'••  inid  his  Imi 
Ameri<7iiis  came 
them.     If  ,|„.   ^ 

shaken  liaiids,  an 
Syracuse  Creek. 
At  that  time  |   | 
"tar  IIS.     I  pn.pu 
young  men  o„  „ 
finished,  I  heard  m 
young  men  ran  oi 
our  camp.     My  yc 
my  young  men  .-h 
Mapofie  liirih.T 
left  them,  and  that 
with  Black-hawk; 
h"<   ""<t,  at  last,  V 
(igainst  iliem.     It  \ 
that  Black-liawk  siu 
pitied  the  women  t 
to  the  whites,  und  I 
wliich  inim«!diately 
of  this  will  not  |„, 
of  the  Wurrior's  ov\ 
might  Imve  been  hi 
<iglit  with  the  India 
Parties  of  the  frj,, 
very  probable  the  p 
cxpijctations  wen;  si 
liis  Projihet  were  di 
brought  by  two  Wii 
drc.>i.«(ed  in  a  full  ( 
seated  in  the  presei 
spoke  thus  to  liim  :_ 

"My  father,  I  no« 

return  soon  ;  but  I  c 

distance,  [to  the  Dai 

liavi!  done  what  you 

two  you  told  lis  to  g 

do  what  you  tell  us, 

to  get  these  men,  ai. 

goi'S.    We  have  hr, 

1  liht  one,  Mucatami 

Voii  told  IIS  to  brin< 

us  to  bring  their  heu' 

less  difticult  than  w 

joiir  hands.     We  Wv 

ttiiiriors,  hilt  to  you 

trii'iid.     Wo  want 

not  wish  to  see  it.     \ 

lillle  birds  liav(!  been 

PjTfd  to  IIS  that  ther 

"inls  will  let  our  ear 

our  i)art,  and  that  is 

ove  your  red  childn 

love  us.     We  have 


liil 


Chap.  X.] 


SUUUKNDKIl  OF  ni-ACK-HAWK. 


iriO 


Ii'iH  rxiuiiiiiatioii  alVdrwnnls  l»y  C<;iinral  Svoll,  alioiit  tli«  iniinlorfl  wliicli  liad 
bncM  niiiiinittcil  on  tlx;  wliitcH,  lii;  finvf  tliis  a<M-iiiiiit  <it'  liiiiiscir: — 

"I  always  huloiignl  to  Hliick-haii<k\H  baiul.  Last  snniiiH'r  I  wciil  to  IMaldeii; 
wlitiii  I  raiiin  liack,  I  loiiiiil  that  by  tlic  treaty  witli  (itiiioral  (itiinm,  llit-  Sard 
liail  iiiovcil  an-oss  tlir  IMississi|i|ii.  I  mnaihcil  iliiriiiK  tlit;  winter  with  tho 
Pro|)ii<<t,  oil  Rock  KiviT,  '.\rt  miles  aliovo  thi;  iiioiilh.  During'  the  winter,  tho 
I'rophet  sent  iiie  across  the  Mississi|i|ii,  to  Ultirk-liitwk,  with  a  message,  to  tell 
him  anti  his  Imiid  to  cross  hack  to  his  villa^'e  anil  make  corn;  that  if  tho 
Americans  came  and  told  tliein  to  move  again,  they  would  shake  hands  with 
tliom.  If  the  Americans  had  come  and  told  us  to  move,  we  shonld  liavo 
shaken  hands,  and  immediatily  have  moved  |ieacealily.  VVe  encam|ied  on 
Syracuse  ("reek.  We  met  some  I'ottowaltomies,  and  I  madi!  a  feast  lltr  tiiem. 
At  that  time  I  heard  there  were  some  Americans  [iindisr  Major  Slillnutn] 
near  us.  I  |ire|iared  a  white  llai;  to  go  and  si'i>  them,  and  sent  two  or  tlirno 
young  men  on  a  hill  to  see  what  they  were  doing.  IJefore  the  fnsl  was 
finished,  I  heard  my  young  men  were  killed.  This  was  at  sunset.  Some  of  my 
young  men  ran  out;  two  killed,  and  the  Americans  were  seen  rushing  on  to 
our  camp.  iMy  yiaiiig  men  tired  a  few  gnus,  and  tht;  Americans  run  otV,  and 
my  young  men  chased  them  ahoiit  six  miles." 

J^iapope  further  said,  that  the  Pottowatlomies  of  the  village  imuK^diately 
lct\  them,  and  that  no  Kikapoos  joined  them,  lint  thosi;  who  wen;  originally 
with  lUnck-hawk;  hut  the  Wiimeliagos  did,  and  hroiight  in  scalps  freipient- 
ly;  that,  at  last,  wIiimi  tliey  found  tin;  Sacs  wonhl  be  licateii,  tlii;y  turned 
ngainst  ilieiii.  It  was  also  given  in  liy  some  of  those  examined  at  this  time, 
that  lilark-hawk  sjiid,  when  the  steam-lioat  Warrior  approached  them,  that  ho 
pitied  the  women  and  ciiildren,  and  began  to  make  preparations  to  surrender 
to  the  whites,  and  for  that  purpose  sent  out  a  white  Hag  to  meet  the  boat, 
which  immediately  finui  upon  them.  Then  said  he,  ^^  IJired  loo."  The  truth 
of  this  will  not  be  ipiestioniMl,  inaHmnch  as  tho  tacts  agree  with  the  captain 
of  the  Warrior's  own  account.  Hence  the  inference  is  clear,  that  iiincli  blood 
■night  have  been  saved,  but  for  the  precipitancy  of  tliuHo  wiio  only  sought  a 
figlit  with  the  Indians. 

Parties  of  the  friendly  tribes  were  so  continually  on  the  alert,  that  it  seemod 
very  probable  the  principal  (chiefs  would  soon  fall  into  their  hands.  Theso 
expectations  were  .soon  realized;  for  at  11  o'clock,  27  August,  Black-hawk  and 
liis  Prophet  were  delivered  to  (loneral  Sired  at  Pruirii;  dii  Cliieii.  They  W(!ro 
brought  by  two  Winnebagoes,  Dtcorie  and  Clutdar,  uud,  when  delivered,  were 
dressed  in  a  full  dress  of  white-tanned  deerskins.  Soon  aller  they  were 
seated  in  the  presence  of  the  officer,  Decorie,  called  the  One-eyed,  rose  und 
spoke  thus  to  him : — 

"My  fatli(!r,  I  now  stand  before  you.  Whim  we  parted,  I  told  you  I  would 
return  soon ;  but  I  could  not  come  any  sooner.  We  have  had  to  go  a  great 
dJHtiuice,  [to  the  Dalle,  on  the  Onisconsiii,  above  the  Portage.]  You  see  wo 
liiivo  done  what  you  sent  us  to  do.  These  [pointing  to  the  prisoners]  are  tho 
two  you  told  us  to  get.  We  liaye  done  what  you  told  us  to  do.  We  always 
do  what  you  tell  us,  because  we  know  it  is  for  our  good.  Father,  yon  told  U8 
to  get  these  men,  and  it  wotild  l«!  the  cause  of  much  good  to  the  Winiieba- 
gots.  Wc  have  brought  them,  but  it  has  Immmi  very  bard  for  us  to  do  SQ. 
Tiint  one,  Mucalamishkitknekq,  [meaning  Jilack-htiwk,]  was  a  great  way  off. 
You  told  us  to  bring  them  to  you  alive:  we  havi;  done  so.  If  you  had  told 
us  to  bring  their  heads  alone,  we  would  have  doiii!  so,  and  it  would  have  been 
less  difficult  than  what  we  have  done. — Kailier,  we  deliver  these  men  into 
your  hands.  We  would  not  deliver  them  even  to  oiir  brother,  the  chief  of  the 
warriors,  but  to  you  ;  because  we  know  you,  and  wci  believe  you  are  our 
friend.  We  want  you  to  keej)  thcMii  safe ;  if  they  an;  to  be  hurt,  we  do 
not  wish  to  see  it.  Wait  until  wi;  are  goiu!  before  it  is  done. — Fatiier,  many 
little  birds  have  been  flying  aiioiil  our  eai-s  of  late,  and  we  thought  they  whis- 
pered to  us  that  there  was  evil  intended  for  us ;  but  now  we  hope  these  evil 
birds  will  let  our  ears  alone. — We  know  you  are  our  friend,  because  you  take 
our  part,  and  that  is  the  reason  we  do  what  you  tell  us  to  do.  You  say  you 
love  your  red  children  :  wi;  think  we  love  you  as  much  if  not  more  than  you 
love  us.    We  have  confidence  in  you,  ami  you  may  rely  on  us.     We  have 


$ 

.  p 

',/,*' 


i'8 


160 


BLACK-HAWK. 


[Book  V, 


I'Sf  IIK'lt 


been  |)roiniM;(l  n  grvnt  deal  if  W(!  would  tnko  llirw;  riicii, — tlmt  it  would  do 
liiiiidi  good  to  our  |i«M)|(|('.  VV4'  now  lio|)i;  to  hcc  vvliat  will  Im;  doiii!  lor  u>,— 
We  liavf'  coMH"  in  liiuste ;  we  arc  tired  and  liniij;ry.  Wi'  now  pui  tin  i 
into  your  liandH.     We  liave  done  all  that  you  told  uh  to  du." 

(jeneral  Street  Haid,  in  answer : — 

"iMy  eliildren,  you  liave  done  well.  I  told  you  to  hrintf  tlicHO  men  to  ui(. 
and  you  have  done  ho.  I  am  ph^aHed  at  what  you  have  dom.-.  It  Im  for  umr 
good,  and  for  this  reaNon  1  am  pleiwed.  I  nHHured  thi!  great  ehiet'  of  tliu 
warriorH,  ((ieneral  .-/Mi/woh,]  that  if  thewe  men  wtTe  in  yoin*  (Country,  miu 
wuidd  lintl  them,  and  hring  them  to  me,  and  now  1  eun  8ay  nnich  tor  uiiir 

{^ood.  I  will  go  down  to  Uoek  Inland  with  the  prisonerH,  and  1  wish  you  who 
luvu  hrought  these  men,  especially,  to  go  with  me,  with  such  other  ehicls  and 
warriors  an  you  may  sehtet.  My  eliildren,  the  great  ehiet'  <d'  the  warrioru 
\Tlien  he  lell  this  plaee,  directed  mo  to  deliver  these,  and  all  other  iirikoimn^ 
to  the  ehief  of  the  warriors  at  this  place,  Colonel  Taylor,  who  is  hen;  hy  nie. 
— Some  of  the  Winnehagoes  south  of  the  Oniseonsin  have  liefricnded  ijio 
Saukies,  [Sacs,]  anti  some  of  the  Indians  of  my  agency  Jiuve  also  given  ilit'ni 


1,1  II 
nlei 


aid.  Thiai  displeaseth  the  great  chief  of  the  warriors  and  yoiu'  great  tiitiier 
tliu  president,  and  was  eidculated  to  do  miicii  harm. — Y<inr  great  liithcr,  the 
president  ut  Washington,  has  sent  a  great  war-chief  from  the  far  east,  (iencrul 
Scott,  with  a  i'resh  army  of  soliliers.  Ho  is  now  at  Rock  island.  Your  great 
father,  the  president,  has  sent  him  and  the  governor  and  chii;f  of  Illinois  to 
hold  a  council  with  the  Indians.  He  has  sent  a  speech  to  vou,  and  wi.'>lies 
tlic  chiefH  and  wurrioni  of  tlie  Winneba^oes  to  go  to  Rocic  Island  to  tlio 
couiKul  on  the  tenth  of  next  month.  I  wish  you  to  be  ready  in  three  dayii, 
when  I  will  go  with  you. — I  am  well  plcasiul  that  you  have  taken  the  lilack- 
hawk,  the  Prophet,  and  others  ]irisoiier8.  This  will  enable  mo  to  say  niiicli 
for  you  to  tin;  great  chief  of  the  warriors,  and  to  the  president,  your  great 
father.  My  children,  I  shall  now  deliver  the  two  men,  Black-hawk  and  tliu 
Prophet,  to  the  chief  of  the  warriors  here;  ho  will  take  cure  of  them  till  we 
start  to  Rock  Island." 

Colonel  Taylor,  having  taken  the  prisoners  into  his  custody,  addressed  the 
chiefs  as  follows : — 

"The  great  chief  of  the  warriors  told  me  to  take  the  prisoners  when  you 
Bliall  bring  them,  and  send  them  to  Rock  Island  to  him.  I  will  take  them 
and  keep  them  safe,  but  I  will  use  them  well,  and  send  thcin  with  you  and 
General  Street,  when  you  go  down  to  the  council,  which  will  l)e  in  a  few  days. 
Vour  friend,  General  Street,  advises  you  to  get  ready  and  go  down  soon,  uiid 
Bo  do  I.  I  tell  you  again  I  will  take  the  prisoners;  I  will  keep  thorn  safe,  Imt 
I  will  do  them  no  harm.  I  will  deliver  tli(!m  to  the  great  chief  of  the  war- 
riors, and  he  will  do  with  them  and  use  them  in  such  manner  us  shall  be 
Ordered  by  your  great  father,  the  president." 

Chaetar,  the  other  Winnebago,  n<'xt  spoke,  and  said,  "My  father,  I  am 
young,  and  do  not  know  bow  to  make  speeches.  This  is  the  second  time 
1  ever  spoke  to  you  before  people. — I  am  no  chief;  I  am  no  orator;  but 
I  have  been  allowed  to  speak  to  you.  If  I  should  not  speak  as  well  asotlins, 
Btill  you  must  listen  to  me.  Father,  when  you  made  the  speech  to  the  cliiclii 
Waugh  kon  Decorie  Carramani,  the  Oini-eyed  Decorie,  and  others,  'tother  day, 
I  was  there.  I  heard  you.  I  thought  wliat  you  said  to  them,  you  also  .said 
to  me.  You  said,  if  these  two  [pointing  to  Black-hawk  and  the  Prophet]  who 
taken  by  us  and  brought  to  you,  there  would  never  more  a  black  cloud  bung 
over  your  Whinebagoes.  Your  words  entered  into  my  ear,  into  my  brains, 
and  into  my  heart.  I  leil  hero  that  same  night,  and  you  know  you  have  not 
seen  me  since  until  now.  I  have  been  a  great  way:  I  had  much  tioubli'; 
but  when  I  remembered  what  you  said,  1  knew  what  you  said  was  ii;:lit. 
This  made  me  continue  and  do  what  you  told  mc  to  do.  Near  the  Dulle,  on 
the  Oniseonsin,  I  took  Black-hawk.  No  one  did  it  but  me.  I  say  this  in  (bo 
ears  of  all  present,  and  they  know  it — and  I  now  appeal  to  the  (ireat  Spirit, 
our  grandfather,  and  the  earth,  our  grandmother,  for  the  truth  of  what  1  suy. 
Father,  I  am  no  chief,  but  what  I  have  done  is  for  the  benefit  of  my  nation, 
and  I  hope  to  see  the  good  that  has  been  promised  to  us.  That  one  fVn-bo- 
kU-shiek,  [the  Prophet,]  is  my  relation — if  he  is  to  be  hurt,  I  do  not  wish  to 


m 


Chap.  X.] 

•"««  if.  Father, 
"f  Indian  prisoi 
I  Jioite  this  will 


'i 


'pe  tliiH  will 
he  (itilowii, 


mirrendend  |,i„| 

.  "  Von  hav."  till 

''>r  I  e\|„.,-ted,  i| 

more  troiil.|,(  |„.(i 

hut  your  last  gm 

">".     Wli,.n  I  s 

to  ru.^h  on  y„„^  „| 

well  aimed.     Ti„ 

like  iIm!  wind  tlm 

it  began  to  look  t 

iiH  ill  the  niorniii!! 

ball  of  til-,..     'I'll,, 

dead,  and  no  |„„„, 

wliit((  nwu  ;  t|„,y. 

Olid  is  not  ati-aid'o 

"He  has  done  n 

fought  for  his  com 

cniiie,  y,.,,r  aOer  \ 

the  eau.w  of  our  i 

to  Im'  ashamed  of 

Crom  their  homes. 

'""I  «'f  tlio  Indian, 

III"';  hidiaimdo  not 

"All  Indian,  wht 

would  !)(•  put  to  del 

»*<'lioolnm.sterH ;  tliei 

ill  tlie  fiico  of  the  p 

?/iiii  their  coiifidenc 

tvive.^      We  told  tin 

'""'•'d  on,  1111(1  |„,(^(.t 

!<imke.     They  poi.s«H 

fifiiiger.     We  weiv  I 

(lroiie,s,  all  talkers,  ai 

"  We  looked  up  to 
enronrage,!.     ijj^ 

;.'"t  MO  satisfaction. 
lilt'  fiirest.  T|„,  opo 
mill  oiir  ,N(|iiawH  and 
"•■  railed  a  gnnit  coi 
nrose  and  spoke,  to  n 

••"llllril     fire.  I,     yy,,,^ 

'il'Ilie  tomahawk  :  oi 
''if'l'  ill  his  bosom,  \ 
»!|l  f("  to  the  world  ( 
"Hi  itie,.t  him  there, 
,  "  Black-hawk  is  a  t 
''"■'"«  wife,  hisehibl 

w.'s  fi,r  his  nar  on  ai 
"'•'  white  men     o  n 
''efiif ;  it  is  not  pu,,. 
"ill,  ill  a  few  years  li 
amlili,.remnstbe,a- 

'"takecareofthetna 
t-irewell,  my  n„t 

"™"^"'.     He  drank  tl 

.'''"■'•.  and  his  ,,Ians  ar 

"'« s"ii  is  setting,  and 

14* 


Chap.  X] 


ni.ACKII.WVK. 


161 


win  if.  Kiithnr,  snldii'is  soiiiclirncs  utick  llic  cihIh  Dl'tln-ir  ;riiiiH  into  tlic  Itarki 
of  Indian  priHonn-N  when  tlu-y  arc  ^oin^  altoiit  in  llic  liumlH  of  tlu;  ^nard. 
I  lioiKt  tliiH  will  not  Im>  done  to  tlicsi-  intii." 

Tlif  lollowinx  ■'*  •'"'*'  ''•  '"'  •'"'  '<|'<'<'<'li  which  IHark-hawk  niudu  when  liu 
mirrtindurcd  liiniM-lf  to  tlio  ugt;nt  at  i'airiit  dn  Cliicn: — 

"  Yon  liavc  takon  uv  iiriHonor  with  all  my  warriorn.  I  am  nnicli  Krinvod, 
for  I  «>\|.iM-ti-d,  it'  I  did  not  dt'Tcat  you,  to  hold  out  nnii*h  loiipT,  and  \(\\r  yiai 
nioi'u  ti'oiilih^  hcli)r<>  I  sm'rt'ndm'd.  I  trifd  hard  to  l>ring  yon  into  amIinHh, 
hilt  yonr  last  gciutral  nn<l(>i-stands  Indian  li^rhtin^r.  The  tiixt  otif  was  not  ho 
wiMi.  Wlirii  i  Haw  that  I  coidd  not  heat  yon  l»y  Indian  tijihtinj;,  I  di-tt  rniiiu'd 
to  rush  on  yon,  and  ti^'ht  \  on  tiicc  to  tare.  |  I'on^dit  hard.  Knt  your  \t,\\\w  wiru 
w«>ll  aim(;d.  TIm^  hullcts  Ih-w  like  Itirds  in  tlii>  air,  and  whi/./od  hy  om-  carci 
like  tilt!  wind  throiifrli  tin-  triM's  in  tlir  wintir.  IMy  warriors  fell  around  inc  ; 
it  hi'guii  to  look  diNinal.  I  saw  my  evil  day  at  hand.  Tlir  siin  rosr  dim  on 
lis  in  tli«!  niornin}(,  and  at  ni^dit  ii  sunk  in  a  dark  cloiid,  and  looked  likit  u 
hall  of  tirt'.  That  was  tin*  last  sun  ihiit  shone  on  lilack  hnii'k.  Mis  heart  in 
(lead,  and  no  loiip'r  heats  iinick  in  his  liosom. — lie  is  now  a  |irisoner  to  tlio 
white  men  ;  they  will  do  with  him  as  they  w  isli.  lint  he  can  stand  torture, 
mid  is  not  afraid  of  death,     lie  is  no  coward,     liliirk-linwk  is  an  Indian. 

"lie  has  diMU!  nothing'  for  which  an  Indian  ought  to  lie  ashamed.  He  liiiH 
fought  for  his  countrymen,  the  sipiaws  and  |ia|iooses,  against  white  men,  who 
came,  year  al\er  year,  to  cheat  them  and  take  away  their  lands.  You  know 
the  caiisn  of  our  making  war.  It  is  known  to  all  whitt;  men.  Tliey  ought 
to  Ih-  ashuined  nf  it.  The  wliitr  men  despise  iIm;  Indians,  and  drive  tlieni 
from  their  homos.  lint  the  Indians  are  not  deceitful.  The  white  men  speak 
Imd  of  the  Indian,  unii  hiok  at  him  spitet'iilly.  lint  the  Indian  does  nut  tell 
Ill-it ;  Indiaim  do  not  steal. 

"  An  Indian,  who  is  as  had  u.s  tlic  wliit(>  men,  rould  not  live  in  our  nation ;  ho 
would  he  put  to  death,  and  eat  up  hy  the  wolves.  'VUv  white  men  are  Imd 
wlioolmasters;  they  carry  false  looks,  and  deal  in  falsi!  actions;  they  sinilo 
in  the  face  of  the  poor  Indian  to  cheat  him;  th(!y  shake  them  hy  the  hand  to 
gniii  their  confidence,  to  mak*!  them  drunk,  to  deceivt!  them,  and  ruin  our 
wives.  VVc  told  them  to  let  us  alone,  and  keep  away  from  us;  hut  they  fol- 
lowed on,  and  tieset  our  paths,  and  they  coiled  thems(!lves  among  us,  like  the 
simke.  They  poisoned  us  hy  their  tnuch.  We  were  not  safe.  We  lived  in 
danger.  We  were  hecoming  like  thorn,  hypocrites  and  liars,  adulterers,  luzy 
drones,  all  talkers,  and  no  workers. 

"  We  looked  up  to  the  (Jreat  Spirit.  We  went  to  our  great  father.  We  were 
enroiiraged.  His  great  council  gave  us  iiiir  words  and  hig  promist!H;  hut  we 
i;()t  no  satisfaction.  Things  were  growing  worse.  There  were  no  d(!er  in 
llie  (iirest.  The  opossum  and  heaver  were  Hcd  ;  the  springs  were  drying  up, 
mid  our  srpiaws  and  pajiooses  without  victuals  to  keep  them  from  starving; 
«!■  called  a  great  council,  and  hnilt  a  large  tire.  'J'lie  spirit  of  our  fathers 
arose  and  spokt!  to  ns  to  avenge  our  wrongs  or  die.  We  all  spoke  hcfort!  tho 
nmiicil  tire.  It  was  warm  and  pleasant.  We  set  up  the  war-whoop,  and  dug 
ii|i  the  tomahawk  :  onr  knives  were  ready,  and  the  heart  n['  Hlnrk-hnwk  swelled 
lii$!li  ill  his  hosoiii,  wli(!n  III!  led  his  warriors  to  hattle.  He  is  siitislied.  Ho 
will  go  to  the  world  of  spirits  contented.  He  has  done  his  duty.  His  tiithor 
will  meet  him  there,  and  commend  him. 

^^  Hlack-hawk  is  a  true  Indian,  and  disdains  to  cry  like  a  woman.  lie  foola 
for  his  wife,  his  children  and  friends.  lint  he  does  not  care  for  himself.  Ho 
WIS  for  his  nai  hi  and  the  Indians.  They  will  siifier.  He  laments  their  fiite. 
Tlic  white  men  '>  not  scalp  the  head;  lint  they  do  worse — they  poison  tho 
lieail;  it  is  not  piire  with  them. — His  countrymen  will  not  he  scalped,  hut  tlioy 
will,  in  a  few  years,  hecome  like  the  white  men,  so  that  you  can't  trust  them, 
anil  tli(!re  must  be,  a^  in  the  white  sittlements,  nearly  as  many  officers  as  men, 
tntake  care  of  them  and  keep  tln!m  in  order. 

"Fiirewell,  my  nation!    liUirk-hnwk  tried   to   save   you,  and   avenge   your 
wrongs.     He  drank  the  blood  of  some  of  the  whites.     He  has  been  taken  pris- 
omr,  and  his  plans  arc  stopped.     He  can  do  no  more.     Hi!  is  near  his  end. 
llisi  siiu  is  setting,  and  he  will  rise  no  more,     rurewell  to  lilack-hawL" 
14* 


M 

'ii^'il 

i 

1 

*,..  f 


h 


,i^ii 


162 


BLACK-HA^VK. 


[Book  V. 


It  is  somewhat  singular  that  iho  old  c-hiershould  ever  liavehcen  tuk'>ii  iilive 
and  he  prohably  never  '.vould  have  been  l)y  tlie  wliites.  When  it  was  r(|i(,rt- 
ed  ciirroiilly  tliut  lie  had  jiacrificed  liinisell'  in  tlio  stand  tiiat  he  niadc  upon 
the  baniis  of  tlie  Miadsslppi,  i:i  the  end  of  July,  as  has  been  rehtted,  Sptnxer's 
famous  lines  were  the  first  to  discover  themselves  to  our  mind,  upon  the  great 
event 


"  Unto  the  mighty  stream  him  to  betake, 
VViieru  he  an  ciui  ol'  battle  and  of  hie  did  make." 


Faiiiy  Quken. 


But  we  were  soon  glad  to  learn  tliat  tlie  rejjort,  "Ike  the  lines  of  Spensn;  wna 
only  poetry. 

It  ri'u  be  scarcely  necessary  to  add  that  the  prisoners  were  set  at  lihertv,  and 
the  oi-i'iiders  «  ere  ordered  again  to  be  soujjht  atler. 

On  t'le  7  SeiHember,  the  Indian  prisorers  and  their  guards  went  on  board 
the  stei.m-boat  Wiimelmgo,  and  were  conveyisd  down  the  rivtT  to  J(  lU  rson 
Barracki-',  ten  miles  below  St.  Louis.  Tlicrc  were,  besidips  Black-hawk  and 
the  proahet,  eleven  chiefs  or  head  tnen  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  togetlnr  with 
about  nrty  less  distinguished  warrioi-s.  These  were  landed  just  above  the  lower 
rapids,  on  their  pledge  of  reisuiining  peaceable.  Two  days  before,  a  liom 
had  conveyed  to  the  barracks  six  or  seven  wiu-riors,  among  whom  was  ,Vvn. 
pope.    On  their  arrival  at  the  barracks,  all  of  them  were  put  i:   moiis. 

Black-hawk  \s  uot  so  old  a  man  as  was  generally  supposed.  Home,  v.lio 
knew  him  well,  said  he  was  notidjove  48,  although  the  toils  of  wars  iiad  made 
him  aj)pear  like  one  of  70.*  Ho  was  by  birth  a  Pottowattomie,  but  hionirlit 
up  by  the  Sacs.  His  height  is  about  six  feet.  As  to  his  physiognomy,  it  is  i»i- 
necessary  for  us  to  add  concerning  it  here,  as  that  may  be  better  had  tinni  au 
inspection  of  the  engraving  of  him,  as  our  likeness  is  said,  by  many  wiijliavo 
seen  him,  to  be  excellent. 

Like  other  Indian  names,  his  is  spelt  in  as  many  ways  as  times  used  by 
different  wrifns.  At  a  treaty  which  he  made  with  the  United  States  in  IH'^I,  at 
Prairie  tiu  Chieii,  it  is  written  Hay-ray-tshoan-sharp.  In  a  (hiscription  olliim 
about  the  time  he  was  taken,  we  find  him  spelt  Mus-cata-miah-ka-katk ;  and 
several  others  might  be  added. 

The  Prophet,  or  IVabokkshkk^  (White-cloud,)  is  about  10  years  old,  and  nearly 
six  feet  high,  stout  and  athletic.  He  was  by  one  side  a  Winnebago,  and  tlie 
other  a  Sac  or  Saukie,  and  is  thus  described  : — He  "has  a  large,  broad  lace, 
short,  blunt  nose,  large,  full  eyes,  broad  mouth,  thick  lips,  with  a  full  suit  of 
hair.  He  wore  a  white  cloth  head-dress,  which  rose  several  inches  above  the 
top  of  his  head;  the  whole  man  exhibiting  a  deliberate  savagcncss ;  not  tiiat 
he  would  seem  to  delight  in  honorable  war,  or  fight,  but  marking  liiin  as  the 
priest  of  assassination  or  secret  murder.  He  had  in  one  hand  a  white  tla>r, 
while  the  other  hung  carelessly  by  his  side.  They  were  both  clothed  in  very 
white  dressed  deerskins,  fringed  at  the  seams  with  short  cuttings  of  the  same." 
This  description,  though  written  long  before  any  painting  was  made  of  hjin, 
will  be  Ibund,  we  think,  to  coaespond  very  well  with  the  eiigrtiving  of  liini 
which  we  have  given. 

It  is  said  by  many,  and  is  evident  from  Black-hawVs  account,  that  li'ahok'm- 
hick  was  the  prime  mover  of  this  war,  and  had  powwowed  up  a  belief  «f.noii<,' 
his  people,  that  he  was  idile  to  conjure  such  kind  of  events  us  ht- dtsiied; 
and  that  he  1  ad  n:ade  Black-hawk  believe  the  whites  were  but  few,  atid  lo.iM 
not  fight,  and  therefore  might  easily  be  driven  from  the  disputed  lands.  It 
seems,  however,  rather  incredible  that  Black-hawk  should  have  believed  that 
the  Atnericans  icerefeto  and  covld  not  fght,  when  it  is  known  that  lie  was 
opposed  to  them  in  the  last  war,  and  nnist,  therefore,  have  been  convinced 
of  the  fidsity  of  such  a  report  long  be'bre  this  war. 

In  Septeuiber,  a  treaty  was  made  by  the  United  States  with  the  Winiieiia- 


*  In  the  account  of  his  life,  published  by  Mr.  /.  H.  Patterson,  in  183'1',  ninrk-hnwh-  shv';  he 
was  born  in  17(i7,  on  Rock  llivcr  ;  and  hence,  in  18.'}2,  he  was  in  his  (i.Oti)  year.  Mis  liiiiicr'a 
name  was  Pyksa.  His  "jreat-grandl'aiher'i  name  was  Na-na-m.\-kkk.,  or  Tlutwlcf,  who 
was  born  in  the  vicinity  of  Moulrcal;  "  where  the  Great  Spirit  first  placed  the  Sau  aalioii." 


looic  V, 


Chap.  X] 


BLACK-IIAWlv. 


1G3 


II  alive, 
n|ii>it- 
\{)  upon 
tptnatr's 
le  great 


EEiN. 

IS'  r,  WMS 

crtj ,  and 

)ii  lioard 
J(  H(  rsoii 
'(((6'/)  iiiid 
111  r  with 
tlio  loWlT 
e,  a  boat 
ivas  At'ft- 

OHIO,  v.iio 
liad  iiiiide 
t  broniiiit 
ly,  it  is  1111- 
.d  til  I  in  an 
\vli'.)liavo 

3  used  l»y 
iinlH'>!t,at 
ion  ol'  liiin 
■kaek ;  and 

and  nearly 
o,  and  the 
hroad  I'ai'e, 
iill  suit  ot" 
above  the 
;  not  that 
liiii  as  the 
white  tin;;, 
led  in  very 
the  saini'." 
ide  ol'  him, 
iiig  of  him 

tt  H'abnkks- 
lief'f.iumg 
be  desired-, 
and  I'o.ild 
I  laiidH.  It 
dieved  that 
lat  be  was 
oonviiired 

Winneha- 


■luiwl;  s;i\s  lie 

Ills  IjliluT'S 

Tliniiilii;  who 
Sac  nation." 


pocs,  and  anotlier  with  the  Sars  and  Foxes.  The  former  ceded  all  their  lands 
ijoiith  of  the  Oiiiseonsiii,  and  east  of  the  Mississippi,  anioiiiitiii^  to  4,(i(H),U00 
acres  of  valuable  lands.  The  treaty  with  the  Saes  and  Foxes  was  on  tli«)  21 
of  that  mouth,  and  ({,000,000  acres  were  aefpiired  at  that  time,  "  of  a  (piality 
not  inferior  to  any  L'.jtween  the  .simie  parailelH  of  latitude."  It  uboimds  in 
lead  ore,  and  the  Indians  say  in  otiitTs. 

For  these  tracts  the  United  States  agreed  to  make  the  following  considera- 
tions:— "  To  pay  an  annuity  of 'J0,000  dcdlars  f()r  80  years  ;  to  support  a  lilaek- 
smith  and  gunsmith  in  addition  "i  those  then  employed  ;  to  nay  the  debts  of 
the  tribes;  to  sunpiy  [irovisions;  and,  as  a  reward  for  the  fidcdity  of  Keokuk 
and  the  friendly  liund,  to  allow  a  reservation  to  be  made  for  them  of  400 
miles  srpiare  *  on  the  loway  lliver,  to  include  A'co^hAj's  principal  village." 

By  the  same  treaty,  Bluck-hnwk,  bis  two  sons,  the  Prophet,  .Yaojiope,  and 
five  others,  principal  warriors  of  the  hostile  bands,  w«'re  to  remain  in  the 
himds  of  the  whites,  as  hostages,  during  the  pleasure  of  the  presidtMit  of  the 
United  States.     The  other  prisoners  were  given  up  to  the  friendly  Indians. 

A  gentleman  wl;o  visited  the  captive  Indians  at  Jefferson  HarraeUs,  Mis- 
sotiri,  speaks  thus  concerning  them  : — "  We  were  immedialtdy  struck  with 
admiration  at  th(!  giirantic  an'  symmetrical  tigiirts  of  most  of  tin;  warriors, 
who  seemed,  as  they  reclineu  :ii  native  ease  and  gracefulness,  with  their  half- 
naked  bodies  «!Xpos(!(l  to  view,  rather  like  statues  from  some  master-hand, 
than  like  beings  of  a  race  whom  we  had  lieanl  chiuacteri/ed  as  degenerate 
and  debased.  We  extendtul  our  liand.s,  which  they  rose  to  grasp,  and  to  our 
question, '  How  d'ye  do?'  they  responded  in  the  same  words,  aecoinpaiiying 
them  with  a  hearty  shake."  "They  wi-re  clad  in  leggins  and  moccasins  of 
buckskin,  and  wore  blankets,  which  were  thrown  around  them  in  the  manner 
of  tlie  Roman  to^  "^o  as  to  leave  their  right  arms  bare."  "The  youngest 
among  them  wen  'inted  on  their  necks,  with  a  bright  vermilion  color,  and 
had  their  faces  tnuisvei-sely  streaked  with  alternate  red  and  black  stripes. 
From  their  bodies,  and  from  their  tiices  and  eyebrows,  they  jiliick  out  the 
hair  with  the  most  assiduous  care.  They  also  Nliave,  or  pull  it  out  tiom  tl.'eir 
lieads,  with  the  exception  of  a  tuft  of  about  three  fingiMs'  width,  extending 
iVoni  between  die  forehead  and  crown  to  the  back  of  the  head  ;  this  tliey 
i^oiiK'times  plait  into  a  queue  on  the  crown, and  cut  tin;  iilges  of  it  down  to 
an  inch  in  length,  and  plaster  it  with  thi!  vermilion,  which  keeps  it  erect,  and 
givi's  it  the  appearance  of  a  cock's-comb." 

The  same  autiior  says,  thi;  oldest  son  of  Black-hawk,  JVasinewiskuk,  called 
Jack.  Jilt  tor  want  of  "thtit  peculiar  expression  which  emanates  tiom  a  culti- 
viif' u  intellect,"  could  have  been  hioked  U|)on  by  him  "as  the  living  personi- 
ficiuioii  of  his  beau  ideal  of  manly  beauty."  He  calls  Black-hawk  Mack-alamo- 
sic-ac-ac,  and  states  bis  luiight  at  aljout  five  leet  eight  inches,  and  that  he 
should  judge  his  age  to  be  50.  Those  who  have  known  him  for  years,  say  his 
(lisjiiisitioii  is  very  amiable  ;  that  he  is  endowed  with  great  kindness  of  heart, 
and  the  strictest  integrity  ;  that,  like  JMishikinukwa,  he  vas  not  a  chief  by 
birth,  but  ae»|\iired  the  title  by  braverv  and  wisdom. 

.VfweitsAritc^^ortiie  Thundercloud,  istfic second  son  of  Black-hawk, atu\  ticcoin- 
paiiied  him  in  his  captivity.     He  is  said  not  to  be  very  handsome. 

Optekceahuck,  or  Wabukicshick,  the  Prophet,  of  whom  we  have  already  given 
some  particulars,  carries  with  him  a  huge  pi|)e,  a  yard  in  length,  with  the 
stem  ornamented  with  the  neck  leathers  of  a  (luck,  and  beads  and  ribands 
of  various  colors.  To  its  centre  is  attached  a  fan  of  leathers.  He  wears  hia 
hair  long  all  over  his  iiead. 

Ni;-A-i'OPK,jVaopo/>c,  JV«a;>o/j(',  &c.,  or  firo</i,  of  whom  we  have  also  several 
tiniei)  spoken,  was  brother  lO  the  Propl.et,  and  "some  years  his  junior ;"  and 
our  iiit()rmant  adds,  "he  resembles  him  in  height  and  figure,  though  he  is  not 
M)  robust,  and  his  face  is  more  sharp:  in  wickedness  <d'  expression  they  are 
far  nobile  fratrum."  "  When  Mr.  Catlin,  the  artist,  was  about  taking  tin'  por- 
trait of  JVaapope,  lie  seized  tli'i  ball  and  chain  tiiat  were  fastened  to  his  leg, 
and  raising  them  jii  Jiigh,  exclaimed,  with  a  look  of  scorn,  '■Make,  me  so,  ana 


*  So  says  our  autliorily,  {Niles's  RiigisLer,)  but  we  very  much  doubt  this  enormous  spnco. 
40  miles  square  gives  IfitK)  square  inilcs,  wliirii  purhap!)  iniijlil  have  been  the  irulh,  But 
wheu  160,000  8<iuare  miles  are  considered,  all  probability  is  outraged. 


164 


BLACK-HAWK. 


[Book  V. 


show  me  to  tluc  great  father.^''  On  Mr.  Callings  refusing  to  paint  liini  as  he 
wisiicd,  he  kept  varying  his  countenance  with  grimaces,  to  prevent  hini  from 
catching  a  likeness. 

"  Powees/aec/.-,  or  Stratvheny,  is  the  only  Fox  among  them,  the  rest 
being  all  Sacs,  lie  is  the  son  of  the  chief  Epanosa :  his  jjurents  dying  while 
iie  was  an  infant,  he  was  adopted  by  JVaapope.    He  is  19  years  of  age." 

"Poinahoe,  or  Fasl-simmming-Jish,  is  a  short,  tiiick  set,  good-natured  old 
brave,  who  boars  his  misfortunes  with  a  philosoj)hy  worthy  of  tiie  ancients." 

The  fbiiowing  act  ol"  congress  we  extract,  as  it  throws  light  upon  siihse- 
quent  details: — "  Foi  the  expenses  of  12  |)risoner8of  war  of  the  Sac  and  I'ox 
tribes,  now  in  confinement,  and  to  be  iicld  as  host;iges,  under  tiie  !<evt  nth 
artichi  of  the  treaty  ol"  21  Sept.  1832,  embracing  tlu;  cost  of  provisions  and 
clothing,  compensation  to  an  inlerprtter,  and  cost  of  removing  tiieni  to  a 
place  of  sali^tv,  where  they  may  be  kept  without  being  closely  confined,  the 
sum  of  2500."' 

On  the  22  April,  (1833,)  the  captive  Indians  airivedat  Wasiiington,  and  the 
next  tluy  Black-hawk  had  a  long  interview  with  President  JacLion.  Tiie  first 
words  with  which  it  is  said  he  accosted  the  president  were,  "  I  AM  A  MAN, 
AND  YOU  ARE  ANOTHER.]' 

The  president,  after  a  few  brief  observations,  directed  the  articles  of  dress 
provided  fi)r  them  to  be  exhibited  to  them,  and  told  Black-hawk  tiiat  tlie 
whole  would  be  delivered  to  him  to  be  distributed  as,  in  his  judgment,  lie 
should  think  best.  He  then  told  them  they  nuist  depart  immediately  for  Fort 
Monroe,  and  remain  there  contented,  until  lie  gave  them  permission  to  return 
to  their  country.  That  time,  he  said,  depended  upon  the  conduct  of  their 
people;  that  tliey  would  not  be  set  at  liberty,  until  all  the  articles  of  the 
treaty  liad  been  complied  with,  and  good  feelings  were  evinced  by  their 
countrymen.     The  Prophet  then  said  : — 

"  We  expected  to  return  immediately  to  our  people.  The  war  in  which 
we  have  been  involved,  was  occasioned  by  our  attempting  to  raise  provisions 
on  our  own  lands,  or  where  we  thought  we  had  a  right  so  to  do.  VVi;  have 
lost  many  of  our  people,  as  well  as  the  wiiites.  Our  tribes  and  fiitnilies  are 
now  exposed  to  the  attacks  of  our  enemies,  the  Sioux  and  the  Menominies. 
We  hope,  therefore,  to  be  permitted  to  return  home  to  take  care  of  them." 

Black-hawk  sjioke  some  tinie  to  the  presidcMit,  giving  a  clear  and  comiHc- 
hensive  history  of  the  rise  of  the  war,  and,  towards  the  close,  said : — 

"We  did  not  expect  to  ''onquer  the  whites;  no.  They  had  too  many 
bouses — too  many  men.  I  took  up  the  htUchet,  for  my  i)art,  to  revenge 
injuries  wiiich  my  people  could  no  longer  endure.  Had  I  borne  them  longer 
without  striking,  my  people  would  have  said,  Black-hawk  is  a  woman  ;  he  is 
too  old  to  be  a  chief— he  is  no  Sac.  Tliests  reflections  caused  me  to  raise  tiie 
war-whoo}).  I  say  no  more  of  it ;  it  is  known  to  you.  Keokuk  once  was 
here;  yon  took  him  by  the  hand,  and  when  he  wished  to  retiun  to  his 
home,  you  were  willing.  Black-h.awk  expects,  that,  like  Keokuk,  we  shall  be 
permitted  to  return  too." 

The  president  added,  that  he  was  well  ac(piaii.;.;.i  with  the  circinnstaiices 
which  led  to  the  disasters  to  which  they  had  alluded.  It  was  luinecessary  to  look 
back  upon  them.  He  intended  now  to  securt!  the  observance  of  peace. 
They  need  not  feel  any  uneasiness,  he  said,  about  their  o«n  women  and 
children.  They  shoidd  not  sutler  from  the  Sioux  and  Menominies.  Me 
would  compel  the  red  men  to  be  at  peace  with  one  another.  That  wlnni  lie 
was  satisfied  that  all  things  would  remain  (piiet,  then  they  would  be  i)ermitted 
to  return.     He  then  took  them  by  the  hand,  and  disniiss<^-d  them. 

It  is  said,  that,  wliiJe  in  Washington,  the  Indians  expressed  more  surpriso 
and  pleasure  at  tin'  |)ortraits  of  tht;  Indian  chiefs  in  tliu  war  department  tliar. 
any  thing  else  that  was  shown  them. 

On  Fridaj',  2(5  April,  the  captives  were  coinlncted  from  Washington 
towards  Fort  Monroe,  which  is  upon  a  small  isl;iiid,  at  Old  Point  Conil'ort, 
on  the  west  S'de  of  the  ( 'Insapeake  Bay,  in  Virginia, 

IJefore  closing  the  pnsent  ehapt'  r,  a  ft!W  other  interesting  matters  shall 
be  hiid  before  our  readers.  We  have  just  given  the  description  of  the  Indians 
while  at  Jetli-rson  IJarracks,  by  one  who  visiti d  them  tht  re  not  long  ntler 
theii-  coufineineut.     We  ujw  intend  to   give  what  the  author  of  Knicker- 


bocker says  of 

dated  Washiijcr 

about  y  miles  ( 

j)rison(,'rs— a  fb 

himself;  a  mea, 

Roiiian  style  of 

Sijice  we  art 

place,  perlia|)s, 

tlie  |)en  of  the 

Ibund  time,  yes 

chiefs,  and  the  J 

l>er,  and  found  i 

sitting  in  a  cha 

middling  size,  w 

one  of  the  finest 

Prophet  has  a  i 

decision  and  fini 

of  Black- hawk  is 

would  end)ody  tl 

dressed  in  a  stra 

their  appearance 

whole  ofthedepi 

Muhserpiently  wer 

which  white  men 

led  the  Hawk  to  n 

It  was  remarl 

forehead  "  very  ni 

liis  countenance 

Stephen  Girard. 

lesejiibled  the  late 


It  is  not  difficn 
Indian  war,  much 
iiiid  the  desi)airin^ 
willingness  to  suri 
only  answer  they  i 
more  Creek,  a  fi-w 
tentions,  and  unde 
MO  interview  couh 
which  all,  it  seem 
is  Indian  talk — it  i 
whom  they  first  di 
proves  nothing  on 
Is  it  not  plain  that 
was  attacked  by  tli 
if  he  coidd  get  ter 
says  the  old  chief; 
loo  many  of  them 
more  upon  this  ma 
The  reader  has. 

An  aiinnyinoiis  iiu 
""^  llifir  iiuiiiJs,  &LC.  as 

MsoMit-i-niiHk-t'-Miciic 
Aa-she  csciK  k,  hvi  shx,. 
Wa-!)e-ke-Jiliick,  the  Pro 


Chap.  XI] 


BLACK-HAWK. 


les 


bocker  says  of  them  soon  iiflcr.  Mr.  /ri'i;i£f's  account  is  contained  in  a  letter, 
dated  Washington,  IS  Uoc.  Iri'.i'i. — "From  St.  Loiii.s  I  went  to  Fort  Je<fi'rs(tn, 
about  9  miles  distant,  to  see  lilack-hawh,  tlie  Indian  warrior^  and  Ids  iMlow- 
j)risoners — a  forlorn  crew — emaeiatrd  and  dejected — the  \\  douhtahle  (rhiellain 
liiinseltl  a  meagre  old  man  upwards  of  70.  H<^  has,  iiowever,  a  tine  head,  a 
Roniun  style  of  fiice,  antl  a  prepossessing  countenance. ' 

Since  we  are  upon  descriptions,  the  Ibllowing  will  not  ho  thought  out  of 
place,  perhaps,  although  we  had  reserved  it  for  our  n«:xt  chapter.  It  is  from 
the  pen  of  the  editor  of  the  V.  States  Literary  Gazette,  I'hiladelphia.  "We 
found  time,  yesterday,  to  visit  tht;  lUack-hmck,  and  his  accompanying  Indian 
chiefs,  and  tlie  Prophet,  at  Congress  Hall  Hotel.  We  went  into  i\\v\v  <'ham- 
her,  and  found  most  of  them  silting  or  lying  on  their  heds.  Black-hawk  was 
sitting  in  a  chair,  and  ap|)arently  depressed  in  spirits.  He  is  about  05,  of 
middling  size,  with  a  head  that  would  excite  the  envy  of  a  phrenologist — 
one  of  the  finest  that  Heaven  ever  h-t  fall  on  the  shoidders  of  an  Indian.  The 
Prophet  has  u  coarser  figure,  with  less  of  intellect,  hut  with  the  marks  of 
decision  and  firnmess.  His  fiice  was  |)ainted  with  red  and  white.  The  son 
oi' Black- hawk  is  a  noble  specimen  of  physical  beauty — a  model  for  those  who 
would  end)ody  the  idea  of  strength.  He  was  paiiued,  and  his  hair  cur  and 
dressed  hi  a  strangt;  fantasy.  The  other  chiefs  iiad  nothing  in  particular  in 
their  appearance  to  distinguish  them  from  other  natives  of  the  f()re8t.  The 
whole  of  the  deputation  visited  the  water  works  yestimlay,  [June  11  or  I'i,]  anil 
Hubsecpiently  were  taken  to  the  Cherry- 'lill  Prison,  and  shown  the  manner  in 
which  white  men  punish.  The  exhibition  of  arms  and  ships  at  the  navy-yard, 
led  the  Hawk  to  remark  iiiat  he  suspected  the  <^reat  father  ivas  getting  read;/ for  war." 

It  was  remarked  by  some  in  Philadelphia  that  Black-hawk^s  "pynimidal 
forehead  "  very  much  resembled  that  of  Sir  fi'cUter  Scott,  Others  oKserved  that 
liis  countenance  strongly  renunded  them  of  their  late  worthy  !)enefacior, 
Stephen  Girard.  In  Norfolk  it  was  noticed  tliat  the  old  warrior  very  much 
resembled  the  late  President  Monroe. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

From  the  time  of  the  netting  out  o/Bf.ACK-HAWK  and  his  five*  companions  from  For- 
tress Monroe,  5  June,  IfiM,  to  their  arrival  on  the  Upper  Mississippi,  on  the  first 
of  August  following ;  prefaced  by  some  reflections  upon  the  events  oj  the  war. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  perceive,  without  a  formal  commentary,  that  in  the  late 
Indian  war,  much  blood  was  shed  which  might  have  been  avoided.  Twice 
Imd  the  despairing  Indians  displayed  the  wliite  flag,  to  give  notice  of  their 
willingness  to  surrender  ;  but,  like  the  wretched  Hallibees,  the  rifle  was  the 
only  answer  they  received.  When  Major  Stillman  was  on  his  march  to  Syca- 
more Creek,  a  few  Ir  'ians  were  sent  from  JVaopope's  camp  with  fi'iendly  in- 
tentions, and  under  a  white  flag;  but  sucii  was  the  carriage  of  the  whites, 
no  interview  could  be  had,  and  they  were  obliged  to  fly  to  save  their  lives, 
which  all,  it  seems,  were  not  fortunate  (mough  to  do.  This,  it  will  be  sjud, 
is  Indian  talk — it  is  even  so.  What  say  the  whites  ?  They  say,  the  Indiana 
whom  they  first  discovered  were  only  a  decoy.  This  is  mere  asscMtion,  and 
|»roves  nothing  on  their  own  side,  neither  does  it  disprove  the  Indian  account. 
h  it  not  plain  that  Black-hawk  caused  a  white  flag  to  be  exhibited  before  he 
was  attacked  by  the  steam-boat  Warrior?  He  h.id  resolved  to  fign»  no  more, 
it'  he  could  get  terms  of  |)eace ;  but  his  flag  was  at  once  fired  upon ;  then 
says  the  old  chief;  " /^iref/ <oo  ; "  and  the  whites  expected  nothing  else,  and 
too  many  of  them,  it  would  seem,  desired  nothing  else.  But  we  reflect  no 
more  upon  this  matter. 

The  reader  has,  in  thi;  last  chapter,  been  conducted  through  the  principal, 

'  An  aiionyirious  KUtlior,  of  wlioin  we  liavii  made  consilri'al)lo  use  in  i!ii»  cliapU'r,  gives 
lis  iheir  names,  &lc.  as  follows  . — 

Maor  ut-i-niiNl<-e-('ttriin, Blark  huwl;.     I'ariiiilin,  rn'ji'irl's  limllifr, fV./i  Fin. 

Na-slie  escui  k,  his  son, /.oud  'I'liuiiilrr.  I'o  wi    zliiik.  I'li'iilicl's  uiiviiUd  ■■uni,.  .Sirairh.rry. 

VVa-l)e-ke-rUick,  the  Prophet, Clear  Day.    Naiioiie,  the  icarriur, Strunn  Souf. 


166 


BLACK-HAWK.— LEAVES  FORTRESS  MONROE 


fBooK  V. 


le 


and  all  tlio  iniportiuit  events  of  the  war,  ai:<l  nccof.ipanied  tl-e  cliiefH  of  ti 
indiuns  eiigaf((!d  in  it  to  Fortrcxs  Monroe,  in  Virg.i;id.     '''       i-    ti  nv  f*  ol;. 
It  rve  wliat  |)a.«se([  ill  tli<;ir  travels  from  hence  throiii,'li  several   jf  our  "n  al 
.  lie-,  and  tlience  to  I'leir  vvihierness  homes  in  the  disiant  W(  Si. 

Having  been  conducted  to  Fort  Mom-oe,  the  captives  touiid  I'.emricltv:  in  a 
kind  of  elegant  confinement ;  and  instead  of  balls  and  e./iiiis  v.)  tLeir  iDkles 
were  kindly  treated,  and  saw  nobody  but  friends.  This  state  of  things,  how .' 
ever,  must  luive  become,  in  a  short  time,  exceedingly  irksome;  but  an  early 
order  for  their  liberation  jtrevented  such  result.  For,  on  the  4  June,  18;l'J,  orders 
came  for  tiieir  l)eing  liberated ;  and  the  next  day,  Major  John  Garland  set 
off  with  them  in  a  steam-boat  lor  Baltimore,  by  Norfolk,  (J'>«inort,  Ports- 
Uiouth,  &c. 

]3uring  tin  Ir  short  stay  at  Monroe,  the  Indiuns  I.ecame  much  aitached  to 
its  commander.  Colonel  Eustis,  and  on  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day  that  the 
order  of  release  arrived,  ii/ncA'-AajoA:  went  and  tock  his  leave  of  huri,  and  at 
parting  made  the  following  speech  : — 

"  Brother,  I  have  come  on  my  own  j)art,  and  in  behalf  of  my  companions, 
to  bid  you  farewell.  Cm-  great  father  has  at  length  been  pleased  to  |)erinit 
us  to  return  to  our  hunting-grounds.  We  have  buried  the  tomaiiawk,  and 
the  sound  of  tiie  rifle  will  herealler  only  bring  death  'o  the  deer  and  the  hniih- 
lo.  Brother,  you  have  tri  ated  the  red  men  very  kindly.  Your  stjuaws  have 
made  them  presents,  and  you  have  given  tiiem  plenty  to  eat  and  drink.  Tiie 
memory  of  your  friendship  will  n-main  till  tiie  Great  Spirit  says  it  is  time 
for  Bi.ack-IIawk  to  sing  his  death-song. — Brother,  your  houses  ai-e  us  mnner- 
ous  as  the  leaves  upon  the  trees,  and  your  yomig  warriors,  like  the  sands  upon 
tlie  shore  of  ilie  big  lake,  which  rolls  before  us.  The  red  ?nan  has  but  few 
houses,  and  few  warriors,  but  the  red  man  has  u  heart  which  throbs  us  warm- 
ly as  the  heart  of  his  white  brother.  The  (Jreat  Spirit  has  given  us  our  hunt- 
ing grounds,  and  llw  skin  of  the  deer  which  we  kill  there  is  Isis  favorite,  for 
its  color  is  white,  and  this  is  the  emblem  of  peace.  This  hi'ct'ig-dress  and 
these  feathers  of  the  eagle  are  white.  Accept  them,  my  i);  <ther;  I  have 
given  one  like  this  to  the  fVliite-otler.  Accept  of  it  us  a  memorial  of  Bi.ack- 
HAWK.  When  he  is  far  away,  this  will  serve  to  remind  you  of  him.  iMay 
the  Great  Spirit  bless  you  and  your  children — farewell." 

Colonel  Eu3tis,  in  his  reply,  suiil,  the  fortune  of  war  hoA  placed  him  in  his 
hands,  and  us  it  was  not  the  ])ractice  of  the  whites  to  attack  an  unarmed 
foe,  he  was  safe  ;  but  that  if  he  had  met  him  in  the  field  -.f  battle,  his  duty 
would  have  retpured  him  to  have  taken  liis  litt;.  He  rejoiced,  he  said,  at 
his  prospect  of  speedily  returning  to  his  friends,  and  !!0|)ed  he  would 
never  again  trouble  his  white  ntMghbors.  To  which  Black-hawk  added, 
"  Brother,  the  Great  Spirit  punixhec  those  tcho  ({"ceive  us,  and  my  faith  is  now 
pledsced" 

On  leaving  Fort  Monroe,  ili«  ?i  lians  were  taken  to  Portsmouth  and  Gos- 
port,  to  se(!  the  nctvy-yard,  thf  ir;v  dock,  and  men-of-war.  At  Gosport,  they 
went  on  board  the  74  Delaware,  where  they  coidd  not  but  express  nnuli 
astonishment  at  the  vastness  of  the  "  big  canoe,"  as  they  called  it,  and  its 
extraordinary  uncouth  furniture.  Black-hawk  seemed  the  most  to  admire 
the  ship,  and  wished  to  see  the  chief  who  connnanded  it,  and  especially  tlio 
man  that  built  it;  for  he  wished,  lie  said,  "/o  take  him  by  the  hand.''''  Wiieii 
they  left  the  ship,  they  passed  around  under  her  bow,  which  terminates 
in  u  colossal  statue  of  an  Indian  warrior.  This  the  Tndiuns  beheld  with 
considerable  emotions  of  surprise  and  evident  demonstrations  of  liigli 
gruiification. 

At  Norfolk,  the  rush  to  see  the  Indians  was  very  great,  and  many  could 
not  be  gnitifiiid  even  witii  a  sight  of  them.  This  great  curiosity  in  the  very 
vicinity  where  they  had  Jicen  for  near  10  weeks,  will  not  be  thought  strange, 
when  it  is  considered,  that  no  oinr  expected  their  immediate  removal,  and 
tli'-refoio  few  hud  been  to  see  them ;  thinking  they  couhl  do  so  when  some 
mon)  convenient  time  offered. 

Having  taken  lodgings  at  the  hoiel  in  Norfolk,  the  Indians  were  aware 
of  the  great  iiriosity  of  the  people,  and  therefore  they  exhibited  thenisdvis 
upon  th'!  I)  licony,  from  whence  fVahokieshiek,  tlic  Prophet,  made  the  follow- 
ing address : — 


,?^^ 


Chap.  XI] 


BLACK-IIAWK.—BALTIMORE. 


167 


111  in  Ills 

iiannt'd 

lis  duty 

said,  at 

would 

added, 

Ik  is  now 

and    (lOS- 

lort,  tlicy 
'ss  imicli 
and  its 
admire 
allv  the 
When 
•rminati'S 
luld  witii 
of  liiirli 


■re  aware 

KMiisdvca 

III"  folio w- 


'■■1l>a  Great  S[»irit  sent  us  here,  and  by  the  same  tiat  we  are  now  'lappily 
■  0  1  co  return  to  our  own  MisHissippi,  and  our  own  people.  J'  attnids  iis 
iinieli  liappine.ss  to  rejoin  our  frienilis  and  kindifMl.  \Vt  woi.kI  siiaki;  liaiids 
with  all  our  while  frii'iiiis  assendled,  ;iiid  oH'er  our  best  wislit  .^  for  tlioii-  ,)i-o-.- 
perity.  Should  any  of  t'lcin  go  lo  oiir  rountry  on  the  Mississippi,  we  would 
take  pleasure  in  requitinji:  this  many  kindiies.ses  we  have  loreived  from  tiieir 
p(M)ple  here.  We  v/ill  go  home  with  peaceable  dispositions  towards  our 
white  brethren,  and  endeavor  to  make  our  condiiet  hereafler  more  satis- 
factory to  them.  We  bid  you  ail  farewell,  as  it  is  the  last  iine  wc,  may 
see  each  other." 

Blark-hmck  then  said  a  few  words,  expressing  the  same  sentiments ;  and 
one  o'clock  having  arrived,  they  departed.     Tiiis  was  5  June. 

Wlien  the  steam-boat  was  near  Baltimore,  it  was  discovered  that  th(>re  had 
been  a  robbery  committed  on  board  ;  and  when  this  became  known  to  Black- 
hawk,  he  showed  considerable  concern,  fearing  some  of  his  i)arty  should 
bo  .;!is|)ccte(l ;  and  when  the  boat  lay  to  at  considerafile  distance  from  tlio 
wharf,  to  make  seari'h  for  the  iiione"  Ve  said,  "Ae  desired  that  himself  and 
companij  shoxdd  be  searched,  for  he  loould  let  the  whiles  know  that  the  Sacs  did 
not  sleat.'" 

President  Jackson  had  arrived  in  Baltimore,  and  after  Blark-hawFs  arrival 
lie  had  an  interview  with  him.  The  Indians  were  conveyed  in  the  steam- 
boat Columbus,  and  arrivisd  about  11  o'clock  in  the  forenoon  of  the  next 
day,  after  leaving  Norfolk,  namely,  (i  June.  Among  the  crowds  who  visited 
them  were  many  ladies,  to  whom,  generally,  the  Indians  said, "  Pretty  squaws, 
pretty  squaws." 

The  Indians  and  the  president  attended  the  theatre  the  same  night,  and  it 
was  remarked,  that  the  attention  of  the  house  was  pretty  nearly  (!(|ually  divi- 
ded bttweeii  them.  On  the  next  day  occurred  the  interview  between  them, 
of  which  mention  has  just  bcien  made;  at  wliich  time,  among  other  things, 
the  president  said  to  the  old  chief: — 

"  When  I  saw  you  in  Washington,  I  told  you,  that  you  had  behaved  very 
badly,  in  raising  the  tomahawk  against  the  white  peojile."  lie  added,  that 
liis  conduct  last  year  had  caii.sed  him  to  send  out  his  warriors  agaii'.st  iiiin, 
mid  that  he  and  those  with  him  had  been  surrendered  to  him  to  be  kept  dur- 
ing his  pleasure,  or  until  lie  should  think  there  would  be  no  danger  Irom  hit- 
ting him  go.  "Itold  you,"  Ik;  continued,"!  would  inquire  whether  your 
people  wished  you  should  return,  and  whether,  if  you  did  return,  there 
would  be  any  danger  to  the  frontier.  (Jciieral  Clark  and  (ieneial  .fUkinson, 
whom  you  know,  have  informed  me  that  Sheckak,  your  principal  chief,  and 
the  rest  of  your  people,  are  anxious  you  should  return,  and  Keokuk  has  askiul 
me  to  si'iid  you  back.  Your  chiefs  have  pledged  themselves  for  your  good 
conduct." — "  You  will  see  the  strength  of  the  white  jieojile.  You  will  see 
that  our  young  men  are  as  numerous  as  the  leaves  in  the  woods.  What  can 
you  do  against  us?" — "When  you  go  back,  listen  to  the  counsels  of  Keokuk 
and  the  other  friendly  chiefs." 
To  this  the  Prophet  said  a  few  words,  as  follcws; — 

"Father,  my  ears  are  ojien  to  your  words;  I  am  glad  to  hear  thei  i;  I  am 
glnd  to  go  back  to  my  people.  I  want  to  see  my  family.  I  ilid  not  behave 
well  la.st  summer.  I  ought  not  to  have  taken  up  the  tomahawk.  But  my 
peo|)lr  have  siifteied  a  great  deal.  When  I  get  back,  1  will  remember  your 
words.  I  will  not  go  to  war  again.  I  will  live  in  peace.  I  will  hold  you  by 
the  hand." 

Black-haivk  intcndc^d  to  have  made  a  long  speech  at  this  time ;  but  the 
president  was  uiii.ole  to  hear  him  out,  on  account  of  the  great  fatigues  ho 
Imd  undergone,  and  the  old  chit'f  was,  therefore,  very  short.  He  said,  ".U^ 
hmrl  is  liiiT,  for  I  have  much  to  snij  to  iny  great  father^'  and  closed,  after  many 
i'X|)ii'ssions  of  affei^tion  and  respect  for  him.  The  warmth  of  the  weather 
and  he  great  crowd  that  surrounded  the  hotel  in  which  the  Indians  were 
lodgi  d,  caused  them  to  retire  to  Fort  M'llenry,  about  3  miles  below  the  city. 
The  laiidh  vd  said  the  crowd  was  so  great  about  his  house,  that  they  bad 
lurried  awiiv  bis  baiiLstcns,  windows,  and  he  was  f  arful,  if  they  remained 
longer.  I'  .'  '  i  •  whole  liouHC  would  be  carried  away  also. 


If.       i 


168 


BALTIMORE— NEW  YORK. 


[Book  V. 


Tliry  visited  tlic  Wasliiii<rt(in  iiioniiinciit,  among  other  plarc«,  while  at 
Bnltiiiiori>,  and  were  at  tirst  ati-aid  to  aHr<!iid  in  it,  npon  itw  circular  stoiin  • 
BaywifT  it  was  tlu!  Mmiilou  ol'  the  wliito  jH^oplo.  At  length  JVaopope  said  h«' 
wouhl  venture  up.  lUark-hnwk  ol»serv«ul,  tliat  then  they  wonid  all  j— ;  for 
if  it  fell  down,  li«;  said  tiu^y  woidd  not  he  safer  on  the  ground  at  its  l)ase  than 
if  they  were  in  it. 

They  visited  th(!  cirrns  dso,  while  here,  and  were  mneh  hetter  pleased 
with  the  |»erl()rrnani'es  there,  than  at  the  theatre.  The  elegant  horses  |)li'asi'd 
them  tiir  more  than  the  stars  and  garters  of  the  nioek  lords  and  ladies  of  the 
theatre,  and  it  was  very  natin-al  they  shoidd.  To  see  a  lady  ri(h'  npon  one 
foot,  while  lli(!  horse  was  rnnning  at  his  utmost  speed,  was  matter  of  fact  to 
them,  and  excited  the  greatest  admiration.  Hut  to  see  a  fellow  popping'  (>,||; 
from  hehind  a  enrtain,  strutting  ahoiit  the  stage,  uttering  to  hitnself  sonic 
unintelligihle  nonsense,  rould  not  interest  any  one  similarly  situated.  Tiicy 
suiti  llicy  IxHieved  those  who  ro(h;  in  the  circus  rould  hunt  hidliilo  even 
b<!tter  than  the  Sacs, 

Coi»sid(.'rahlo  ineonvenienre  was  experienced  from  the  meeting  of  two 
Bueh  eons|)icuons  eharaeters  as  the  i'rf.siuknt  of  the  United  States  and 
litnrh-hdwk,  i\t  the  same  time,  in  (lopidous  |)laees;  and  it  was  anno'iiiced 
in  a  Philadelphia  paper,  of  i)  June,  that  Major  (hirlnnd  had  arrived  there, 
hut  hati  \i'\\  the  Indians  in  iialtimore,  and  that  they  would  not  pro<-e('(|  to 
N.  Vork  until  tiie  day  atlcr  the  president.  Aeeordingly  they  did  not  arrive 
in  Philadelphia  until  10  June,  when  they  were  e«>ndueled  to  lodgings  in  ("on- 

tp-ess  Hall.  The  next  day  there  was  a  great  military  display,  accompanied 
)y  an  immensf;  procession,  and  the  whole  passed  up  Third  Street,  o|iposito 
C'lingress  ilall,  hy  which  means  the  Indians  had  a  fine  opftortunity  to  sett  and 
contemplate  their  numbers.  Pointing  to  the  sohliers.  Black-hawk  asked  if 
tl)(!v  wen;  the  same  that  were  in  his  country  last  simimer. 

Having  visited  ail  places  of  amusement  and  curiosity  in  Philadelphia,  the 
Ii.diaiis  de|iartt'd  for  N.  Vork,  where  they  arrived  in  a  steam-hoat  of  the 
Peophi's  Line,  about  f)  o'clock,  M  June,  on  Friday.  The  arrival  of  Lnfiijiitte, 
in  18'irt,  could  not  have  attnicted  a  greater  cr<nvd  than  was  now  assenihled 
;!t  and  in  the  viciiuty  of  t'asth;  Garden.  As  it  happened,  Mr.  Duranl,  the 
acMonaiit,  had  just  got  ready  to  asct^nd  in  his  balloon  trom  the  garden.  Tin; 
steam-boat,  therefore,  roimdc  to,  that  the  passengers  might  witness  the 
nscension.  VVhee  it  was  known  on  shore  that  the  Indians  wer«^  on  hoard, 
tli)^  cheering  and  elappini;  beeamt^  tremendous;  and  it  wa.-t  not  a  litlh;  aug- 
mented I'roiM  those  on  board  the  inuneroiis  crall  in  tii*^  riv«!r.  Those  in  the 
boat  answe;ed  as  well  as  their  numl)ers  would  admit.  The  Indians,  at  tirst, 
were  some  terrified,  supposing  they  bad  at  last  come  to  an  enemy,  am!  that 
the  noise  aooiit  llicni  was  the  war-whoop  of  tlie  whites,  but  wc.:;  soon 
tmdecciived. 

S  t'  M  alter  the  balloon  had  cleared  the  walls  of  the  castle,  anfl  Mr.  Duranl 
had  unfurled  his  flag,  lUack-hnwk  was  asked  what  he  thought  of  it.  To 
which  he  answered  : — 

"  Thitt  man  is  a  grcnt  brave.  /  donH  think  htHl  ever  gc<  back.  He  imi.il  he  a 
.SVi ."  Another  said,  "  If  he  is  a  Sac,  he^ll  fret  nojie  of  his  brothers  to  follow  iu 
his  trail.  Mone  of  Vm  unll  ever  see  the  smoke  of  his  tingioam.  He  will  have  to 
live  alone — without  any  squaw." 

When  the  balloon  had  attained  a  vast  height,  and  almost  out  of  the  old 
r!'irf\^  sight,  (which  had  l»ecome  considerably  impaired,)  he  exclaimed, 
"  / '/u'j.t /it;  mn  go  to  the  heaveiis ;  to  the  (Ireal  Spirit."  Pomahoe  then  said, 
"  /  thit  k  he  can  see  the  countr\j  of  Ihe  Fjnj;;lish."  'I'he  Prophet,  or  H'abokivshkk, 
ha  !i!g  '  een  asked  wdiat  he  tnoiight  of  the  balloon,  said,  "  I  canH  form  antj 
iUtti.  hv;  ihink  he  can  f^o  up  to  the  clouds  if  he  will.  Should  think  he  could  see 
the  iireat  Spirit  7iojt>." 


Chap.  XI] 


BLACK-IIAWK   IN  NEW  YORK. 


169 


TIk! 
ss  tlic 
lionrd, 

ltl<!  iXWjf- 

)se  ill  the 
at  lii^t, 
aiu!  tliiLt 
soon 

Durant 
it.    'J'o 


'  tliP  old 
rliiiiiiHl, 
leii  snid, 
tokicshid', 
form  rtM.V 
could  set 


On  their  landing,  s\icli  was  tlic  dt^nHity  of  the  orowd,  timt  for  n  time  it 
FfTnied  iinposHiltlo  to  rlfi'ct  n  jMiHHngc  f<>r  them.  AUcr  soiiit;  timo,  htiwever, 
hy  tlic  uid  of  tins  police  otHccrH,  timy  were  tukeii  tip  in  earriu>;eH,  and  cnrritvl 
to  their  lodgiii^H  nt  the  lOxchaiiffe  Ifotel  in  Broad  Htniet.  The  sparioiin 
square  and  street  adjaeeiit  were  inistantly  filled  hy  the  ])eople,  whose  eajjer- 
ncH.s  to  see  the  strniit,'erH  was  so  great,  that  it  schemed  almost  iiiipossihie  to 
prevent  a  forcihie  entrance  into  the  house.  Whereupon  thc!  directors  of  the 
liKliaiiH  let  lilark-hawk  show  himself  several  times  at  a  window ;  and  imme- 
diately alter,  the  miiltitiide  (itiiotly  dispersed,  without  carrying  away  hanisters 
or  windows,  us  had  heeu  complained  of  in  Italtimore.    Thus  ended  Friday. 

On  Satunhiy  (svening,  they  were  conducted  to  the  Bowery  Theatre,  and  on 
Monday,  the  papers  of  tin;  city  uniiounced  that  they  would  visit  (Jasth?  (iar- 
(len  that  evening,  the  Park  Theotre  on  Tuesday,  Nihio's  on  Wiidnesday, 
Richmond  Hill  Theatre  on  Thursday,  Vatixhall  Ourden  on  Friday,  and,  on 
Saturday,  leave  for  Allmny.  'J'hus  were  tlici  doings  of  every  evening  of  their 
stay  allotted,  which,  we  believe,  cam«!  to  pass  accordingly.  Of  the  maimer 
in  which  the  daytime  was  spent,  wc  shall,  in  the  next  place,  |)roceed  to  give 
some  account. 

On  Monday,  17  June,  tlie  Hon.  John  Ji.  Grnham  met  the  Indians,  at  their 
quarters,  and  made  a  speech  to  them,  which  is  as  well  uda|>ted  to  the  Jnditm 
manner,  as  any  thing  we  have  seen.     He  began  : 

"  Brothers,  open  your  ears.  You  are  brav«!  men.  You  have  fought  like 
tigers,  but  in  a  bad  cause.  We  have  concpiered  you.  We  were  sorry,  hist 
yivir,  that  you  raised  the  tomahawk  against  us  ;  but  wo  believe  you  did  not 
know  lis  then  as  you  do  now.  We  think,  that  in  time  to  come,  you  will  be 
wise,  and  that  we  shall  be  friends  forever.  You  see  that  we  are  a  great  jmk)- 
|)le — numerous  as  the  flowers  of  the  field,  as  the  shells  on  the  sea-shoro,  or 
the  fish  in  the  sea.  Wc  jnit  one  hand  on  the  eastern,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
tlid  other  on  the  western  ocean.  We  all  act  together.  \\\  someiimes,  our 
frrcfit  men  talk  loud  and  long  at  our  council  fires,  but  shed  one  drop  of  wiiite 
nicirs  blood,  our  young  warriors,  as  thick  as  the  stars  of  the  night,  will  leap 
on  hoard  our  great  boats,  which  fly  on  the  waves,  and  over  the  lakes — swifl 
MS  the  i  'igle  in  the  air — x\w\\  penetrate  the  woods,  make  the  big  guns  thun- 
(liT,  and  the  whole  heavens  vvA  with  the  flames  of  the  dwellings  of  their  en- 
emies. Brothers,  the  president  has  made  you  a  great  talk.  He  has  but  one 
iiiniith.  That  one  has  sounded  the  sentiments  of  all  the  |)eople.  Jiisfcn  to 
what  he  has  said  to  y<.u.  Write  it  on  your  memories.  It  is  good,  very  good. 
Ih.ACK-iiAWK,  take  these  jewels,  a  pair  of  topaz  ear-rings,  beautifully  set  in 
^'oid,  for  yoii"  wife  or  daughter,  as  a  token  of  friendship,  k»!e])ing  always  in 
Miinil  that  women  and  children  are  the  fiivorites  of  the  (Jreat  Spirit.  These 
ji'wcis  are  from  an  old  man,  whose  head  is  whitened  with  the  snows  of  70 
winters;  an  old  man,  who  bius  thrown  down  his  bow,  put  oft'  his  sword,  and 
now  stands  leaning  on  his  staft',  waiting  the  commands  of  the  (Jreat  H|tirit. 
Look  aroun.l  you,  see  all  this  mighty  peoi)le,  then  go  to  your  homes,  open 
your  arms  to  receive  your  families,  lell  them  to  bury  the  hatchet,  to  make 
hiifrht  the  chain  of  friendship,  to  love  the  white  men,  and  to  live  in  [)ea<  e 
with  them,  as  long  as  tin;  rivers  run  into  the  sea,  and  the  sun  rises  niul  ststs. 
If  you  do  so,  you  will  be  happy.  You  will  then  insure  the  prosperity  of  im- 
liorii  generations  of  your  trib(\s,  who  will  go  hand  and  hand  with  the  sons  of 
tlio  white  men,  and  all  shall  be  blessed  by  the  Great  Spirit.  Peace  and  hap- 
piness, by  the  blessing  of  the  (Jreat  Spirit,  attend  you.     Farewell." 

When  this  was  ended,  Black-hnwk  said,  ^^  lirother,  ive  like  your  i'C';.  We 
will  he  friends.  We  like,  the  white  people.  Thetf  are  verrf  kind  to  im.  We  shall 
not  forget  it.  Your  counsel  is  good.  We  shall  attend  to  it.  Your  valnnhle 
present  shall  go  to  my  squaiv.  It  pleases  me  verjf  much.  We  shall  alioays  be 
Jhends.^^ 

Tlie  following  circumstance  is  said  to  have  occurred,  while  the  Inilians  were 
ill  New  York :  One  day,  afler  dinner,  a  gentlemim  got  admittancf!  to  their  room, 
whose  object  was  to  communicate  to  them  some  religious  instruction.  He 
Itt'caii  with  lilack-hawk^s  son  ;  but  when  the  young  fiillow  imdcrstoo*!  In  the 
iiitornreter  what  his  object  was,  Ik;  said,  " /  lazee"  and,  covering  his  face  with 
his  blanket,  stretched  himself  out  upon  a  sofii,  and  went  to  sleep. 
15 


',  'S. 


'■  -i 


170 


RI-ACK-IIA\VK.— NEW  YORK.-ARSENAL, 


[Book  V. 


Tho  Chorokoo  Pliu'iiix  was  hIiowii  to  lilack-hawk,  in  Nnw  York,  l)v  a  prn- 
tlciiiaii,  ulio  ptv(>  tii(<  fliict'  to  iiiulnxtuiKi  that  it  was  tlu;  (iiHt  and  only  iu-wh- 
l)a|)<'i-  priiitrd  in  Indian.  Alh-r  explaining  tli)>  peat  nHi>  ol'|)a|K>rs  to  fiini,  tlio 
cliit'f  was  well  pleased,  said  Uv  knew  the  Cherokee  trihe  well,  hut  did  not 
know  they  had  siieh  a  tiling  among  them  as  a  n(;ws|iap«T.  He  reqnested  tlits 
gentleman  to  niak«\  the  name  of  liUtck-hitwk  on  it,  whieii  he  did,  and  gave  it 
to  him  ;  when  the  old  ehiet'  earetidly  ti)lded  it  np  and  laid  it  uway,  saying  hu 
wonid  show  it  to  his  people;  when  iu;  got  home. 

On  Thnrsday,  !20  jnne,  the  Indians  were  shown  tho  tinnons  arsenal  in 
White  Street.  The  great  eaimon,  mortars  and  shells,  on  tlai  lirst  floor,  tilled 
ti.epi  with  astonishment  and  awe,  in  spite  of  their  philoso|)hieal  inditlerenee. 
On  visiting  the  second  do«»r,  their  countenanees  were  seen  to  enliven.  Tlnj 
sight  of  10,000  :^*tand  of  small  arms,  all  as  liriglit  as  polishing  eould  make 
them,  with  all  tlie  Imyonets  tixed,  was  evidently  more  agreeahle  to  them  than 
the  gr(!at,  nnwieldv  eannon  below.  Their  admiration  was  greatly  heightened 
on  heing  shown  the  operation  of  Mr.  Hid(lon\t  new  jiatent  artillery  loek.  It 
had  heen  fitted  for  the  ueeasion,  ou  the  beantitid  brass  M  poimder,  which  (lov. 
Tompkins  gave  the  state  in  IHI4.  This  gnn  being  |»laced  in  the  yard,  and 
cliarg«'d  with  a  blank  cartridge,  Con.  .^rnUaritts,  of  tbo  arsenal,  drew  the 
string  attached  to  the  lock,  and  tlu;  discharge  was  instantnneons.  Hero 
again  they  conid  not  conceal  their  astonishment,  which  was  mncli  raised  hy 
the  inysttM'ions  opera*ion  of  the  lock.  The  camion  being  again  chargcil, 
lilack'hau'k  w"-  invited  to  jinll  the  string  and  discliarge  it ;  but  he  declim d 
from  timidity,  and  all  tiie  rest  followed  bis  example.  At  length  the  I'ropliet 
stepped  Utrwnrd,  with  a  great  air  of  resolution,  and  «lischarged  it.  The;  re- 
port st^n'tled  bim  a  little ;  but  tbe  moment  ath;r,  finding  himself  mdianned, 
lie  laughed  In-'artily.  Then  all  tbe  rest  ventured  to  discharge  it.  When  Mr. 
liiddun  showed  them  tbe  fiilminuting  wafer,  upon  wbiob  his  lock  acts,  "the 
vacant  seriousness  an<l  gravity,"  says  one  present,  "  with  which  they  returned 
it,  as  a  matter  (luitc  too  protbund  tor  their  comprehension,  was  irresistibly 
comic." 

Several  of  tlie  ca[)tivcs  had  been  attacked  with  an  inflammation  in  their 
eyes,  accompiuiied  with  sonu;  lever,  supposed  to  have  been  brought  on  by 
the  liitigues  th»!y  had  experience«l  during  their  journey.  But  while  dicy 
remained  in  New  York,  they  hutl  nearly  recovered. 

Wli(!n  it  was  annouiu*ed  in  tbe  papers,  that  the?  Indians  would  not  proceed 
any  iiirtber  ni)rtli,  great  disap|iointment  was  fidt  here  ;  but  we  beard  no  one 
complain.  All  seemed  scinsible  that  to  show  them  about  from  place  to  jilacc, 
was  iiiHi:'ting  a  punishment  upon  them  which  c«)u]d  in  no  wise  benefit  lis. 
There  might  be  one  exception,  lor  we  were  informid  that  u  gentleman  had 
made  large  arrangements  here  for  writing  lilack-hawk^a  lifl*.  But  whether  it 
were  the  old  chief's  good  or  bad  f()rtune  that  prevented  bim  from  fidling  into 
the  ambush  of  that  biographer,  we  do  not  undertake  to  say ;  but  there  may 
be  those  cold-hearted  beings,  who  are  glad  that  both  Black-hawk  ami  the  pub- 
lic have  «'scaped. 

On  Satin-day,  22  June,  they  left  New  York  for  Albany,  where  they  arrived 
tbe  next  day  at  evening.  Here,  as  we  should  expect,  the  crowd  Avas  tiir 
more  savage  than  had  binm  witnessed  any  wliere  in  tlii!  journey,  and  it  was 
near  three  hours  before  a  landing  for  them  could  be  eflected;  and  even  then 
only  by  disguising  them.  Black-hawk  was  not  nn-ognized  until  hi'  bad  got 
almost  to  tbe  tavern  when;  he  and  his  i)arty  were  to  lodge.  One  observes, 
that  Albany,  at  this  time,  was  more  lik(i  an  Indian  camp,  than  the  residence 
of  civilized  beings.  Some  urged,  that  if  Black-hawk  bad  hv.ini  permitted  to 
have  shown  himself  to  the  multitude,  and  addressed  th«'m,  they  would  at 
once  have  ceased  their  boisterous  clamors.  It  is  said  he  was  about  to  do  so, 
but  his  son  would  not  consent  to  it. 

VV^hether  the  conduct  of  the  jmpiilace  was  such,  af\er  they  were  in  their 
quarters,  as  to  cause  alarm  f()r  their  sali'ty,  is  not  mentioned;  but  certain  it 
is,  they  set  off  from  Albany  in  the  night,  24  June,  and  proceeded  west  upon 
tbe  railroad. 

Will!!!  they  bad  got  u|)on  the  grand  canal,  and  seen  how  they  were  trans- 
ported by  means  of  locks,  some  of  the  party  said  U  must  be  the  work  of  a 


Chap.  XI] 

Mamtou,  /c 
rivers. 

The  inten 

'Tien,  the  Se 

"'•rived  at  B 

inoiniug.    T 

Kock,  where 

place.     I-Vorr 

nnwk  immedii 

'I'c  "djacent  ( 

I'ngland,  in  i 

tnto  Fort  Erie 

i''n(',  he  said, 

the  aflernooii 

li'cted  at  the  c 

addressed  by 

already  spoke 

t>leasure  wliici 
'Vvcs,  and  afi, 
iiiH  visitors  to  i 
no  more  to  fjj 
ri'jdied  as  fbjin 

"  Our  aprerl  b 
of  a  frood  and 
same  color,  and 
gdher.  Brother 
rich,  and  very  * 
yplh  much  knowi 
itke  good  men. 
you  now  ICC  met 
tilth  ivhat  we  hai 

The  Prophet 
he  said  lie  wish 
west  of  the  Mis 

I'rom  Biifiii 
nrrived  Ju\y. 
not  exactly  sue 
indifli-rence,  tin 
fill!  forth.     A 
streets  "u[duio\ 
tlir-y  were  burn, 
and  when  he  vi.- 
old  council  groun 
opposite  shore,  an 
I'"rom  (jfreen  1 
niid  VVinnebagoi 
Sacs  and  Foxes, 
Having  left  C 
foiisiii,  Black-lut 
tlio  fine  villages 
lie  seemed  nine 
It  was  about 
Armstrong,  on 
leave  of  them. 

*  This  liibe  is  div 
bptoro  inemioue,)  is 
ill  I82(;.  flir.  iV  J 
of  1.5. 

'Hie  iinnio  Winne 
same  iiaiiiu,  in  grcnt 


Chap.  XI] 


HIS  VISIT  TO  THE  SKNKCAS. 


171 


Mamtou,  for  it  teas  the  first  river  they  ever  saw  f(o  over  hilh  ana  across  other 
rivers. 

The  interview  of  our  travellers,  the  l^nrs  mid  Foxes,  with  their  coimtry- 
ineii,  the  SenecaH,  raniiot  titil  to  be  IntereHting  to  all  our  readers.  Having 
urrivt'd  at  Buttalo  on  Friday,  yH  June,  they  remained  there  until  Sunday 
morniuj?.  The  next  niorninj^  aller  their  arrival,  they  rode  over  to  JJIack 
Rock,  where  they  viewed  the  union  of  the  xrand  canal  with  the  lake  at  that 
place.  From  this  place  they  had  a  full  view  of  the  Canada  shore,  and  Hlnck- 
hnwk  inunediately  puiiited  out  Fort  F-rie,  and  seemed  well  acimainted  with 
the  adjacent  country ;  he  having  been  there  in  the  time  of  the  last  war  with 
England,  in  the  Hritish  service,  and  at  the  time  ^^  when  the  Jlmericans  wnlked 
into  Fort  Erie"  ns  !-)  exjiressed  th(!  capture  of  it.  Aller  the  hattle  of  liake 
Krie,  he  said,  he  was  obliged  to  return  with  his  hand  to  his  own  country.  In 
the  ailernoou  of  the  same  day,  the  party  visited  tlu;  Senecas,  who  had  col- 
lecttul  at  the  council  house,  on  their  reservation,  to  receive  them.  They  were 
addressed  by  the  chitif,  Capt.  Pollnrd,  or  Knrlundawana,  of  whom  we  have 
already  spoken,  an  old  and  very  res|»ectable   man.     Afler  expressing  tho 

1)leasure  which  it  gave  him  and  his  people  to  meet  the  chiefs  of  the  Sacs  and 
''oxi's,  and  aHer  alluding  to  the  present  state  of  the  aborigines,  he  counselled 
his  visitors  to  return  home  with  a  peaceable  mind;  to  cultivate;  the  earth,  and 
no  more  to  tight  against  so  powerful  a  people  as  tho  whites.  Black-hawk 
replied  as  follows:  — 

"  Our  ap^ed  brother  of  the  Senecas,  who  has  spoken  to  us,  has  spoken  the  words 
of  a  {food  and  wise  man.  Wc  are  stranf^ers  to  each  other,  thoiiijch  we  hnvc  the 
same  color,  and  the  same  Great  Spirit  made  us  all,  and  ^nve  us  this  countr;/  to- 
gether. Brothers,  we  have  seen  how  threat  a  people  the  whites  are.  Tiny  are  very 
rich,  and  very  strong.  It  is  folly  for  us  to  fi!>;ld  with  them,  lie  sliall  /^o  home 
unth  much  knowled^r.  For  myself,  I  shall  advise  my  people  to  be  quiet,  and  live 
like  good  men.  The  advice  which  you  irave  us,  brother,  is  viry  good,  and  we  tell 
you  now  ice  mean  to  walk  the  straiglU  path  in  future,  and  to  content  ourselves 
with  what  we  have,  and  with  cultivating  our  lands. 

7'lie  Prophet  added  a  few  sentences,  but  nothing  worthy  of  notice,  except 
lie  said  he  wished  ail  the  tribes  of  Indians  could  be  colh^cted  upon  ont;  spot, 
west  of  the  Mississippi. 

From  BuHiilo  the  Indians  were  conveyed  by  water  to  Detroit,  where  they 
arrived  July.  Here  a  curiosity  was  evinced  by  the  inhabitants  to  see  them  ; 
not  exactly  such  as  had  been  shown  i'l  the  Atlantic  cities,  but  with  that  cold 
indilference,  their  near  vicinity  to  the  late  scenes  of  blood  was  calculated  to 
call  forth.  A  writer  has  remarked,  that  they  were  soon  seen  walking  the 
streets  "uidiiiowing  and  unknown,"  and  newspapers  from  that  region  say 
they  were  burnt  in  elVigy.  Black-hawk  had  often  been  there  in  times  past; 
and  when  he  visited  the  former  residence  of  iUiv.  Cans,  he  said,  "  This  is  the 
old  council  grounrf.  I  have  heard  much  good  counsel  hire ;  but  my  trail  led  to  the 
opposite  .shore,  and  my  ears  were  close  l,^^ 

From  Grei'n  Bay  they  were  to  pass  through  tho  country  of  the  Menominies 
and  VVinnebagoes*  to  Chicago.  As  these  tribes  arc  bitter  enemies  to  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  troops  were  detached  li'om  that  ])lace  to  attend  them. 

Having  left  Chicago,  as  they  passed  up  Fox  River  and  down  the  Onis- 
consiii,  Black-lutwk  wouhl  point  out  the  spots,  wliere,  once,  he  said,  had  stood 
the  fine  villages  of  the  Sur  .  His  depression  at  the  sight  was  evident,  and 
he  seemed  much  to  regn;t  their  emigration  beyond  the  Mississip))!. 

It  was  about  tlie  first  of  August,  IS'-Hi.  that  the  captives  arrived  at  Fort 
Armstrong,  on  the  Upyier  Mississi))pi,  where  we  are  presently  to  take  our 
leave  of  tliem.    The  Prophet  had  been  set  at  liberty  a  little  belbre  at  Prairie 

*  This  liibe  is  divided  into  five  rainilies — llie  Pcrorie,  Hlark-lcir,  vtc.  (hif-i-itrd  Ih'cnrie, 
boloro  ineiilioiu'd,  is  oni'  of  llicir  most  rons|>icuous  cliipfs.  Ho  appeared  aliout  JO  vears  old 
in  l!i'2l).  Mr.  W.  J.  Utiettinj^  saw  liim  at  ihe  Portage  in  lliat  year,  accompauied  bv  a  wife 
of  1.x 

The  name  Wiimehaffo  is  supposed  to  be  that  of  a  kind  of  duck,  found  on  the  lake  of  the 
same  name,  in  great  abundance. 


S.<;  f 


1! 


w  ■ 


172 


HIS  LIBEKATION. 


[Hoot  V. 


du  Chien;  Iio  tinviii^  declurcd  IiIh  conviction  of  tlio  povvflr  of  tlm  Arn*>ricanH, 
and  that  now  Ik;  would  ivtnrn  uiid  livt;  in  |M'acf.  "IHm  r«>tiiiii,"  hmvh  our 
informant,  "  Ih  attuiidcd  with  an  many  nii|>lca.Mant  ansociations  t\tt  that  of  any 
of  tlio  party.  Tlio  villain  over  which  hi;  once  prcNidcd  Imih  Iiccii  Itrokcn  np; 
IiiH  wigwam  liaH  b*;<'n  liurnt  to  tho  groinid;  liiH  family  withont  a  pruttctor 
and  ho  miiNt  find  a  homo  in  the  village  of  Homo  noighboring  chinlhiin." 

'I'ho  Indians  wore  at  first  gloomy  and  tacitnrn,  on  ontering  tii<;ir  own 
forcHtH,  liiit  in  a  Hliort  timu  they  Ix-gan  to  1m;  more  cominnnicativc,  and  at 
length  would  laugh  and  talk  about  the  jokeu  and  odd  inauu'uvrcH  they  had 
Heuii  among  the  whites. 

Uoing  now  at  Kock  Inland,  where  it  wus  concluded  to  disminH  the  jxirtv, 
they  were  couHiderubly  disappointed  in  not  meeting  with  Honie  of  their 
friendH,  from  wliom  they  might  gain  intelligence  of  tlieir  tiunilieH.  Mean- 
while they  examined  tlieir  bundlett  and  jiackageH,  containing  the  presents 
they  had  received  duriiig  their  journey.  'J'hese  were  by  no  meaiiH  in.oe- 
oiderabie,  and  were  8aid,  by  those  who  Haw  them,  to  be  in  value  of  at  iea,'<; 
1,0()U  dollars);  which,  when  their  friends  arrived,  were  liiierally  distriixited 
among  them.  They  had  not  been  long  in  HUHpenM-  when  this  happened.  \ 
band  of  Foxes  arrived  the  next  day  uller  them,  who  gave  the  desired  intrllj- 
cence.  To  an  observer  of  nature,  tlieir  meeting  must  liavt;  been  exceedinjiiy 
iiitcroHting.  Notwithstanding  their  long  sepanition,  tlieir  first  interviews  were 
nearly  the  same  as  though  it  liad  b(;eii  but  of  a  day's  continuance.  Hut  tliey 
very  soon  discovered  to  th«  spectators,  that  they  liad  met  with  those  who 
were  capable  of  enjoying  again  their  society ;  and  the  freedom  of  early  lilb 
began  gradually  to  show  itself. 

"  Fort  Armstrong,  Rock  Island,  Illinois,  was  selected  us  the  most  ajtpro- 
priate  place  for  the  liberation  of  Black-hawk  and  his  party.  It  lieing  tin! 
most  central  point  from  the  surrounding  villages,  a  greater  number  of  Indintis 
could  i)e  there  assembled  at  a  short  notice,  than  at  any  other  point  on  tin; 
]VIississif)pi.  With  most  of  the  party,  their  return  was  the  return  of  happy 
days,  ond  of  those  manners  and  customs  which  tiiey  hud  looked  f()rward  to 
with  much  anxiety,  during  ilieir  long  and  arduous  journey.  But  with  Jilitrk- 
hiu'k  it  was  the  revival  of  those  scenes  associated  with  bis  former  greatness 
and  power — when  no  white  man  crossed  his  trail,  or  encroached  ujnui  his 
hunting  grounds.  He  is  now  hailed  not  as  a  cliieibiin,  nor  us  n  warrior,  hut 
as  a  Sac,  divested  of  his  honors,  an  humble  suppliant  for  the  sytnputhies  and 
hospitalities  of  his  tribe. 

"  It  was  understood,  on  their  arrival,  that  Kcocuck,  the  principal  chief  of 
the  tribe,  wus  absent  with  most  of  his  bund,  upon  a  buffalo  hunt,  and  it  wtis 
doubtful  whether  he  had  yet  returned.  A  courier,  however,  was  des|)atche(l 
to  his  village,  with  instructions,  if  returned,  to  recpiest  his  immediutr  attend- 
ance, with  as  many  of  liis  tribe  as  could  conveniently  accompany  him.  Tiie 
messenger  returned  the  same  night,  saying  that  Keocuck  was  encumped  about 
20  tniles  below,  with  a  large  number  of  his  tribe,  and  would  arrive  duiiiijr 
the  day.  About  noon,  the  dull  monotony  of  tlic  hidiaii  drum,  ac(-oiii|)aiiit'(i 
with  occasional  shouts,  was  heard,  which  announced  his  approach.  He  led 
the  van,  with  two  lurge  canoes,  lashed  side  by  side,  with  a  Inrge  canojiy 
extended  over  him  und  his  three  wives,  where  he  sat  in  all  his  dignity,  with 
the  American  flag  waving  over  the  bow.  About  20  canoe  followed  in  his 
train,  each  containing  from  4  to  8  of  his  companions,  who  made  the  'welkin 
ring'  with  their  wild  and  savage  songs.  They  proceeded  up  the  river  iit  a 
moderate  rate,  and  encam|)ed  on  the  opposite  side  from  B[ack-hawk\t  cninp. 
After  remaining  about  two  hours  to  arrange  their  toilets,  they  again  com- 
menced their  songs,  making  their  way  directly  across  the  river.  Kiociirl;  was 
the  first  to  laml,  decorated,  as  well  as  tli»^  rest  of  the  party,  witii  all  their 
medals,  and  in  all  the  parupheniulia  wliii  h  distinguishes  the  braves  from  tiic 
common  Indians.  After  tlie  |)arty  had  landed,  lie  turned  to  tlu'in  and  said, 
'  T^e  Great  Spirit  has  sent  our  brother  buck.  Lit  us  shake  hands  in  friendship.^ 
He  then  proceeded  towards  Black-hawk,  who  was  seated  with  his  party,  ia 
front  of  their  tent,  leaning  upon  his  cane,  ap|iaiently  lost  in  deep  reflection. 
He  extended  bis  hand,  which  the  old  man  seemed  to  shake  with  some  cor- 
diality.   IlavinjT  saluted  the  rest  of  the  party,  he  took  his  ^eat  in  their  imnie- 


Chap.  XI  ] 


nLACK-IIAWK'S   lU'/niUN. 


178 


dintn  vicinity.  Win  cniiipHiiiuiiH  followrtl  tlic  example,  anil  Hoattrrfil  tliunw 
8fllvc!H  u|K>ii  tlif  ground.  Not  a  iiiiiriiiiir  was  lirani  aiming  tlir  irowil.  No 
oiu^  |)r<-.sinii<-(l  to  Itn-ak  tlic  Hilciicc,  until  the  cliifOaiii  li.iil  H|iok<>ii.  i''illi'i-n 
ininnti's  ('laiir*r<l  liclorr  a  word  was  iitlt'ird  liy  any  ono,  s\Im'|i  Kvonirk  askrd 
HUirk-lufwk  liow  loiij;  lie  liad  Im-ch  n|M>ii  the  road?  '  V'W  /w  lutii  been  cj/Hrlin^f 
him,  and  wits  coining  iin  in  Ihr  irperldlion  of  meelinff  hinu'  I'lpcs  wen-  soon 
introdnri'd,  and  passed  anioni;  liotli  partirs,  as  an  iiitcr<*lian^<>  ol'  piod  tcil. 
iiig.  Altor  snioKinff  and  talkin;;,  altcrnatclv,  l<*r  idiont  an  hour,  a  ^'<  niial 
niovo  was  inadi;  for  their  ilcpartur*-.  Ktocnrk  arose,  sliook  liands  with  all  llio 
party,  saj in jj,  ^lo-morrnw  he  nhoultl  rr/ani.'"  'I'liey  now  crossed  the  river  in 
nileiice,  and  the  ni^'lit  was  s|M'nt  in  son>rs  and  dances.  On  Uio  next  day,  by 
n])poiiitnu'nt,  was  to  lie  opened  tia;  ^n-and  council. 

"A  coniinndions  room  in  the  jjarrixon  was  prejmred  for  tlio  reception  of 
both  parties.  About  10  o'clock,  Kronirk  was  announced  by  the  incoherent 
and  guttural  strains  ol'  more  than    I0()  stiva^'cs.     When  they  arrived  at  (lie 

garrison,  they  Collowed  silently  in,  pr ded  by  their  chiei;  who  was  shown 

to  the  room,  where  be  was  to  be  elevated  upon  the  ruins  of  lui  indiscrei-t  olil 
man,  with  whom  he  bad  been  stru).'Krm<j  iiainy  ytmrs  litr  supremacy.  Ilo 
took  bis  seat  with  I'drshcparho,  (the  stabbing'  chief,)  cli'ef  of  the  Sacs,  upon 
one  side,  imd  lyaptlla,  (the  little  prince,)  chief  of  the  Toxes,  upon  the  otla-r. 
lie  told  his  youn^  braves  to  sit  immediately  behind  him;  and  all  maintained 
tiie  most  prnf()und  silence  dm'inj'  the  inltu'view.  Keocuck,  they  said,  woidd 
8])rak  tor  all  of  them. 

"  liUitk-hnwk  and  bis  jiarty  soon  made  their  appoaranci!.  As  they  entered 
the  room,  the  chiefs  arose  ami  shook  hands  with  them.  They  passed  roimd, 
and  took  their  scats  immediately  oj)posit(>.  lUiuk-huwk  and  bis  son  appeareil 
quite  dejected.  'I'hey  numili'sied  some  reluctance  to  the  prupo.sed  cotmcil, 
the  day  previous ;  and  that  morniu^r,  as  it  would  bavi;  too  much  importanco 
atUichcd  to  it,  the  son  felt  keenly  his  situation.  It  was  as  humiliating  to  biin 
as  it  was  to  his  (iitber.  !\bij.  (Siirland  was  the  first  to  break  the  silence!  in 
council.  I(e  told  them  that  be  was  ^n'attHid  to  tind  so  nuich  good  feeling  ex- 
isting in  the  tribi!  towards  Hlack-hawk  and  bis  party.  Il«  I'vAt  confident,  from 
what  ho  had  witnessed  since  bis  arrival,  that  they  woidd  hereafler  live  in 
peace.  He  bad  but  little  to  say,  as  tlu  jtresident's  speech  to  ii/rtfAr-/Mti<>A:  and 
party,  at  Haltimore,  said  all,  wiiich  should  be  read  to  them.  It  was  inter- 
preted to  them  by  an  able  interpreter,  to  which  the  whole  company  respond- 
ed, at  the  ttTininution  of  each  sentinice." 

Keocuck  t\wA\  arose,  shook  bunds  with  the  most  iniportjuit  personages  pres- 
ent, and  connnenced: — 

"I  have  listentMl  to  the  talk  of  our  great  father.  It  is  true  wo  pledged  our 
honors,  with  those  of  our  young  braves,  for  their  liberation.  We  thought 
niiicli  of  it;  our  councils  were  long;  their  wives  and  children  were  in  our 
thoughts.  When  we  talked  of  them,  om*  hearts  were  full.  Their  wives  and 
chiUlren  came  to  tis,  which  made  us  feel  like  women;  but  we  were  men. 
The  words  which  we  sent  to  our  great  fiitlicM'  was  one  word,  tht;  word  of  all. 
The  heart  of  our  great  fiither  was  good ;  h(!  spoke  like  the  fiitlicr  of  children. 
The  Great  Spirit  made  bis  heart  big  in  comicil.  We  receive  om-  brothers  in 
friendship;  oin*  hearts  are  good  towards  them.  They  once  listened  to  bad 
counsel;  now  their  ears  are  closetl.  I  give  my  hand  to  them;  when  they 
shake  it,  they  shake  the  bunds  of  all.  I  will  shake  hands  with  them,  and  then 
I  am  done." 

Maj.  Gnrlimd  then  told  them,  that  he  wished  it  distitu-tly  understood  by  rdl 
present,  that  the  pre>ident  considered,  a  I  should  in  futm-e  acknowledge 
Keocuck  us  the  principal  chief  of  the  natio.i;  that  he  wished  and  expected 
Black-hawk  to  lixten  and  ronjhnn  to  his  counsels;  and  that  if  any  discordant 
feeling  now  existed,  it  nuist  be  buried  here  ;  that  the  two  bands  that  had 
heretofore  existed  in  the  tribe  must  be  broken  up.  From  the  misji|>plication 
of  some  word  on  the  part  of  the  inter|»reter,  Hlmk-haiitk  understood  him,  that 
he  must  coidorm  to  the  counsels  of  Kvornck.  'F'lie  old  man  became  com- 
pletely infuriated.  The  s|)irit  and  vigor  of  bis  youth  broke  tiirth  like  a  vol- 
cano ;  he  rose  to  speak,  but  was  so  much  excited,  he  coidd  scarcely  urticiUatc. 
He  said: — 

15  » 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


lAi|2.8 


1^ 


12.5 

12.0 

1.8 


1.25      1.4      1.6 

^ 

6"     

► 

Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


r 

O 


174 


BLACK-HAWK  DEPOSED.— HIS  DISAPPOINTMENT.       [Book  V. 


"  I  am  a  man — an  old  man — I  will  not  conform  tc  the  counsels  of  any  one, 
I  will  act  ibr  myself^ — no  one  shall  govern  nie — I  am  old — my  hair  is  gray — 
I  once  gave  "ounsels  to  my  young  men — am  I  to  conform  to  others  ?  1  simll 
soon  go  to  ^lie  Great  Si)irit,  where  I  shall  rest.  What  I  said  to  our  great 
father  in  Washington,  I  say  again — I  will  .ilways  listen  to  him.    I  am  done." 

The  feeling  wliich  he  evinced,  caused  a  momentary  excitement  among  all 
present ;  it  was  his  last  expiring  struggle.  The  nature  of  the  remark  was 
ex;)lained  to  him — that  the  j)resulent  requested  him  to  listen  to  Keocuck.  He 
made  no  reply  ;  he  sat  completely  ahsorbed  in  his  own  feelings,  when  Keo- 
cuck, in  a  sujjpressed  tone,  said  to  him,  "  JVhy  do  you  speak  so  before  the  white 
men  ?  /  mil  speak  for  you ;  you  trembled ;  you  did  not  mean  it."  He  consented, 
when  Keccuck  arose  and  said : — 

"Our  brother,  who  has  again  come  to  us,  has  spoken;  but  he  spoke  in 
wrath — his  tongue  was  forked — he  spoke  not  like  a  man,  a  Sac.  He  knew 
his  words  were  had ;  he  trendded  like  the  oak,  whose  roots  have  been  washed 
by  many  rains.  He  is  old ;  what  he  said,  let  us  Ibrget.  He  says  he  did  not 
mean  it ;  he  wishes  it  forgotten.  I  have  spoken  lor  him.  What  I  have  said 
is  his  own  words — not  mine.  Let  us  say  he  spoke  in  council  to-day — that 
his  words  were  good.     I  have  spoken." 

Col.  Davenport,  who  commands  at  Rock  Island,  then  told  Black-hawk  that 
he  was  gratified  to  meet  him — that  once  he  was  his  enemy,  but  now  he  met 
him  as  a  friend — that  he  was  here  by  the  conunands  of  his  great  father,  and 
should  always  be  glad  to  see  him.  If  he  wished  for  advice  at  any  time,  he 
should  be  always  ready  to  give  it  to  him ;  he  had  had,  during  his  absence, 
frequent  talks  with  his  tribe,  who  were  anxious  ibr  his  return ;  and  ( ould 
assure  him,  that  his  nation  entertained  for  him  and  his  party  the  most  friendly 
feeling. 

M aj.  Garland  told  him,  that  he  was  now  at  liberty  to  go  where  he  pleased ; 
that  he,  and  all  the  Americans,  were  pleased  with  his  and  his  party's  unilbrm 
good  conduct  while  among  them  ;  that  they  were  convinced  that  their  hearts 
were  good,  but  they  had  listened  to  bad  counsels.  They  had  seen  the  power 
of  the  white  men,  and  had  taken  their  great  father  by  the  hand,  who  had  re- 
stored them  to  their  families,  upon  his  and  his  tribe's  faithful  assurances  of 
peace  and  friendship. 

Black-hawk,  after  reflecting  upon  what  he  had  said,  requested  that  if  his 
remarks  were  put  upon  paper,  a  line  might  be  drawn  over  it — ^he  did  not 
mean  it 

Wapella,  chief  of  the  Foxes,  said  lie  had  nothing  to  say.  "  I  am  not,"  said 
he,  "  m  the  liabit  of  talking — I  think — I  have  been  thinking  all  day — Keocuck 
has  sjjoken — I  am  glad  to  see  my  brothers — I  will  shake  hands  with  tlieni. 
I  am  done."  A  general  shaking  of  hands  was  connnenced  by  the  chief, 
which  was  an  indication  that  the  council  was  adjourned  sine  die. 

The  impetuosity  of  Black-liawKs  speech  was  undoubtedly  influenced  by 
the  presence  of  his  son,  who  evidently  governed  his  spot-  h  and  actions  dur- 
ing their  tour  through  the  United  States.  He  appeared  anxious  that  his  lather 
should  maintai  '.  1  is  former  stand,  in  spite  of  all  opposition,  and  no  doubt 
gave  instruction^  lu  that  effect.  The  old  man's  pride  was  deeply  wounded ; 
yet  he  would  have  submitted  to  any  degradation,  rather  than  to  have  been 
committed  in  the  presence  of  so  large  a  number  of  the  most  conspicuous  men 
of  the  nation.  He  felt  convinced  that  he  had  erred,  and  endeavored  to  atone 
for  it,  during  the  day,  by  saying,  "  he  did  not  know  what  he  said." 

That  evening,  Maj.  Garland  invited  the  principal  chiels,  together  with 
Black-haiok,  to  his  quarters,  as  it  would  afford  a  good  opportunity  to  ascertain, 
explicitly,  the  feeling  which  existed  among  them  towards  their  fallen  Ibe. 
About  seven  o'clock  they  arrived.  They  took  their  seats  in  silence,  passed 
the  pipe  for  all  to  take  a  whiff",  and  in  return  quaffed  a  glass  of  champagne, 
which  seemed  to  have  a  peculiar  relish.  Parsheparho  shook  hands  with  all 
present,  and  commenced : — 

"We  met  this  morning;  I  am  glad  to  meet  again.  That  wine  is  veiy 
good ;  I  never  drank  any  before.  I  have  thought  much  of  our  meeting  to- 
day ;  it  was  one  that  told  us  we  were  brothers, — that  we  were  Sacs.  Wc  had 
just  returned  from  a  buffalo-hunt ;  we  thought  it  was  time  for  our  brothera 


Mi 


to  be  liere, 
before  the 
the  iiand  ii 
the  trail  of 
tiinied,  aiK 
j"g  for  tliei 
i         l»ut  they  ha 
■        country  of 
"ion;  'they 
thanked  th( 
i        'M-other  lias 
.        council  to-c 
:        is  clear— let 
liave  been  o 
whose  word 
voice  which 
listen  to  Keo 
to  ills  talk, 
his  dui-k  pi-i 
wives  and  c 
stiaight  his 
i;.iSoner.     j 
the  rising  sin 
trail  to  your  ■ 
the  Sacs,  sen 
Jiiin ;  I  reach 
l)y  tlie  hand ; 
down  in  pea 
said  to-day,  U 
Keocuck,  aft 
that  you  hav( 
wine  whicii  w 
white  men  m 
glass,  as  I  hav 
to-day  we  sho 
glad  to  see  tin 
said  they  wou 
wigwams,  wh 
talked  to  our 
Great  Spirit  w 
listened  to  ba 
closed,  they  w 
ears  were  ope 
lie  has  sent  to 
liim  ;  our  brot 
elled  a  long  r 
young  men  to 
through  the  vi 
great  prairies ; 
i  want  to  see 
much  of  him, 
snow  is  off"  of 
liiin,  before  it's 
liiin  that  Kcoa 
'orget;  he  told 


t 


Blaek-h/iwk  . 
am  an  old  man 
we  met  many  o 
what  my  brothc 
since  1  left  then 
Wigwam;  I  tha 


3ooK  V. 

ny  one. 

I  };ray — 
1  Hhall 

ir  grout 
done." 
iioiig  all 
luik  was 
ick.  He 
len  A'eo- 
the  white 
)nsciited, 

ppoke  in 
tie  knew 

II  washed 
3  did  not 
have  said 
day — that 

hawk  that 
»w  he  met 
iither,  and 
y  time,  he 
s  absence, 
and  (ould 
ist  friendly 

le  pleased ; 
^•'s  uniiorm 
;heir  hearts 
1  the  power 
vuo  had  re- 
surances  of 

that  if  his 
-he  did  not 


Chap.  XI.] 


BLACK-HAWK.— SPEECHES. 


175 


In  not,' 


said 


ly — Keocuck 
with  them, 
the  chief, 

kicnced  by 

ictions  dm-- 

jt  his  father 

[d  no  doubt 

wounded ; 

have  been 

|»iciious  men 

red  to  atone 

rjether  with 
Ito  ascertain, 
Ir  fallen  foe. 
^nce,  passed 
[chanipa!-'"^' 
inds  with  all 

nne  is  vei7 
meeting  to- 
ns.   We  had 
lour  brothers 


to  be  here,  as  our  fathers  at  St.  Louis  told  ii.s  thi.s  was  the  moon.  We  started 
betbrc  tlie  rising  sun  to  meet  you  ;  we  have  met,  and  taken  our  Itrotliers  by 
the  hand  in  friendsliip.  Tliey  always  mistrusted  our  counsels,  and  went  from 
the  trail  of  the  red  men,  where  there  was  no  bunting  grounds,  nor  friends  re- 
turned, and  found  thi;  dogs  howling  around  their  wigwams,  and  wives  look- 
ing for  their  husbands  and  children.  They  said  we  counselled  like  women; 
but  they  have  found  our  counsels  were  good.  They  have  been  through  the 
country  of  our  great  father.  They  have  been  to  the  wigwams  of  the  white 
men;  they  received  them  in  kindness,  and  made  glad  their  hearts.  We 
thanked  them;  sav  to  them  that  Keocuck  and  Parslicpnrho  thank  them.  Our 
brother  has  j)romised  to  listen  to  the  counsels  of  Keocuck.  What  he  said  in 
council  to-day,  was  like  the  JMississij)pi  fog — the  sun  has  shone,  and  tlic  day 
is  clear — let  us  forget  it;  he  did  not  mean  it.  His  heart  is  good,  but  his  ears 
have  been  o})en  to  bad  counsels.  He  has  taken  our  great  liither  by  the  hand, 
whose  words  are  good.  He  listened  to  them,  and  has  closed  his  ears  to  the 
voice  which  came  acro.ss  the  great  waters.  lie  now  knows  that  be  ought  to 
listen  to  Keocuck.  He  counselled  with  us,  and  our  young  braves,  who  li.stened 
to  his  talk.  We  told  our  great  father  that  all  would  be  peace.  He  opened 
his  dark  jirison,  and  let  him  see  the  rising  sun  once  more,  gave  him  to  his 
wives  and  children,  who  were  without  a  lodge.  Our  great  iiitbcr  made 
st)aight  his  patii  to  his  home.  1  once  took  the  great  chief  of  the  Osag(!S 
p.  iSoner.  I  heard  the  cries  of  his  women  and  children  ;  I  took  him  out  by 
the  rising  sim,  and  put  him  upon  the  trail  to  his  village  ;  'There,'  said  I,  '  is  the 
trail  to  your  village ;  go,  and  tell  your  village,  that  I,  Parsheparho,  the  chief  of 
the  Sacs,  sent  you.'  We  thank  our  great  father;  say  to  him  that  I  wish  to  sec 
him ;  I  reach  out  my  right  hand ;  lie  is  a  great  way  off,  but  I  now  shake  him 
by  the  hand ;  our  hearts  are  good  towards  him ;  1  will  see  him  before  I  lie 
down  in  peace ;  may  the  Great  Spirit  be  in  bis  councils  ;  what  our  brother 
said  to-day,  let  us  forget.     I  am  done." 

Keocuck,  after  going  through  the  usual  ceremonies,  sai<l,  "  We  feel  proud 
that  you  have  invited  us  here  this  evening  to  drink  a  glass  witli  you  ;  the 
wine  which  we  have  drunk,  we  never  tasted  before  ;  it  is  the  wine  whicli  the 
white  men  make,  who  know  how  to  make  anything;  I  will  tako  uiMther 
glass,  as  I  have  much  to  say ;  we  feel  proud  that  we  can  drink  such  wine ; 
to-day  we  shook  hands  with  our  brothers,  whom  you  brought  to  us  ;  we  were 
glad  to  see  them ;  we  have  often  thought  of  our  brothers  ;  many  of  our  nation 
said  they  would  never  return ;  their  wives  and  children  often  came  to  our 
wigwams,  which  made  us  feel  sad  ;  what  Parsheparho  has  said,  is  true ;  1 
talked  to  our  young  men,  who  had  the  hearts  of  men  ;  1  told  them  that  the 
Great  Spirit  was  in  our  councils ;  they  promised  to  live  in  [)eace  ;  those  who 
listened  to  bad  counsels,  and  followed  our  brothers,  have  .said  their  ears  are 
closed,  they  will  live  in  peace  ;  I  sent  their  words  to  our  great  fiitber,  whose 
ears  were  open,  whose  heart  was  made  sad  by  the  conduct  of  our  l)rothers; 
he  has  sent  to  their  wigwams;  we  thank  him;  say  to  him  that  Keocuck  xhnuks 
him  ;  our  brothers  have  seen  the  great  villages  of  the  white  men  ;  they  trav- 
elled a  long  road,  and  found  the  Americans  like  the  grass;  I  will  tell  our 
young  men  to  listen  to  what  they  shall  tell  them.  Many  years  ago  I  went 
through  the  villages  of  our  great  father;  he  luul  many,  that  were  like  the 
great  prairies;  but  he  has  gone,  another  is  our  father,  he  is  u  great  wai'  chief, 
1  want  to  see  him,  I  shall  be  proud  to  take  him  by  the  hand,  I  have  heard 
much  of  him,  his  head  is  gray,  I  imist  see  him  ;  tell  him  that  as  soon  as  the 
snow  is  off  of  the  prairie,  I  shall  come.  What  I  have  said,  I  wish  spoken  to 
liini,  before  it's  put  u[)on  i)aper,  so  that  he  shall  hear  it  as  I  have  said  it ;  tell 
him  that  Keocuck  sjjoke  it ;  what  our  brotiier  said  in  council  to-day,  let  us 
forget ;  he  told  me  to  speak ;  I  spoke  his  words.     I  have  spoken." 

Blnck-hmvk  then  said,  in  a  very  calm  and  dejected  manner,  "I  feel  that  1 
am  an  old  man ;  once  I  coidd  speak,  l)ut  now  I  have  but  little  to  say ;  to-day 
we  met  many  of  our  brothers,  we  were  glad  to  see  them  ;  I  have  listened  to 
what  my  brothers  have  said,  their  hearts  are  good ;  they  have  been  like  Sacs 
since  1  left  them;  they  have  takcMi  care  of  my  wife  and  children,  who  hud  no 
wigwoin ;  I  thanked  them  lor  it ;  the  Great  Spirit  knows  that  I  thunk  them ; 


t.  f  :(■ : 


176 


BLACK-HAWK. 


[Rook  V. 


before  tlu^  sun  sjets  bcliind  the  Iiills  to-morrow  I  shall  see  them,  I  want  to  see 
tlicm;  when  1  lelt  tlieui,  I  expected  soon  to  return;  1  told  our  great  fiither, 
when  in  Washington,  tliat  I  would  lislen  to  his  counsels;  1  say  so  to  you,  I 
will  liisten  to  the  counsels  of  Keocuck ;  1  shall  soon  he  far  away,  I  shall  have 
no  village,  no  bund,  I  shall  live  alone.  What  I  said  in  council  to-day  I  wish 
iorgoticn.  II'  it  ha.i  be(Mi  put  upon  pa])er,  I  wish  a  mark  to  he  drawn  over 
it.  I  did  not  mean  if.  Now  we  are  alone,  let  us  say  we  will  i'org(!t  it.  Say 
to  our  great  iiither  and  Gov.  Cass,  that  I  will  listen  to  them.  Many  years 
ago  I  met  Cov.  Cass  in  councils,  fin-  across  the  jirairie.s,  to  the  rising  siui. 
llis  counsels  were  gocd.  My  ears  were  closed  ;  I  listenecl  to  the  great  fiitlier 
ncross  the  great  waters.  My  father  listened  to  him  whose  band  was  large. 
My  hand  was  once  large.  Now  I  have  no  band.  I  and  my  son,  and  all  the 
])aVty,  tliiink  oiu'  great  father  for  what  he  has  done.  He  is  old,  I  am  old ;  we 
shall  soon  go  to  the  Great  S|)irit,  where  we  shall  rest.  He  sent  us  through 
bis  gnat  villages.  We  saw  many  of  the  white  men,  who  treated  us  with 
kindness.  We  thank  them  ;  say  to  them  we  thank  them.  We  thank  you  and 
Mv.  S/irairue  for  coming  with  us;  your  road  was  long,  and  crooked.  We 
never  saw  so  many  white  men  before.  When  you  was  with  us,  we  felt  as 
though  we  had  .some  friends  among  thciri.  We  felt  safe;  you  knew  theni  all. 
When  you  come  upon  the  Mississi|)pi  again,  you  shall  couje  to  my  wigwam. 
I  hav(!  none  now.  On  yonr  road  home,  you  ])ass  where  my  village  once  was. 
No  one  lives  there  now;  all  are  gone.  I  give  you  my  hand;  we  may  never 
meet  again  ;  I  shall  long  remend)er  you.  The  Great  Spirit  will  be  with  you, 
and  your  wives  and  cliildreii.  Before  the  sun  rises  I  shall  go  to  my  lainily. 
My  son  will  be  liere  to  see  you,  hefbre  we  go.  I  will  shake  bands  with  my 
brothers  here,  then  I  am  done." 

The  party  separated  with  a  most  j)erfect  understanding  among  themselves, 
and  in  lellowsliij)  and  good  feeling;  but  Black-luiwk  was  cast  down,  his  pride 
was  wounded,  and  he  departed  in  silence. 


9§i§c^ 


CHAPTER  XIL 


From  the.  time  Black-hawk  iras  set  at  lihcrtij  in  hij  own  country,  in  1833,  to  his  death, 
on  October  3d,  1838,  with  other  imjiortant  mutters  connected  with  the  Indians  in  the 
west. 

"  III  pain  iind  prril,  wlmn  lliy  years  wore  few, 
Anil  (IcHlli's  (lurk  shadow  on  lliy  piilhwiiy  Ml, 
Tliiin  lo  llin  ;;reiilnf'ss  of  thy  trial  {rrew, 
Bailo  fortune,  friends,  and  blighted  hope  farewell."— S.  h.  Fairfield. 

For  about  three  years  afler  the  liberation  of  Black-bawk,  few  incidents  of 
imi)ortance  seem  to  have;  transpired.  The  first  we  shall  notice  is  the  death 
of  a  great  Winnebago  chiefj  some  of  whose  family  have  passed  under  our 
notice  in  a  former  cha[)ter,  from  the  conspicuous  'vart  he  acted  in  the  capture 
of  IJIack-hawk.  His  name  was  Schachipkaka,  ^v  Decorie.  He  died  in 
Wisconsin,  on  the  'JOth  of  April,  1836,  in  his  {)Oth  year.  Died  also,  at  the 
Seneca  reservation.  Major  Bkrry,  aged  74.  He  fought  with  the  Americans 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  a  pensioner.  His  place  of  residence  was  known 
as  Jack  Berry's  town.  He  wao  a  distinguished  vhief.  And  on  the  2iltli  of 
the  same  month  died  that  celebrated  pioneer  of  the  west,  Simon  Ke.nton, 
aged  82.  He,  it  will  l)e  recollected,  it  was  who  was  engaged  as  a  |)ilot  to  the 
trmy  of  Lord  Dii/iniore,  in  1774,  being  then  about  nineteen  years  of  age. 
He  afterwards  spent  numy  years  in  a  most  wretched  captivity  among  the 
Miami  Indians,  ami  fintdly  made  some  escapes,  which,  it  seems  to  us,  that 
nothing  short  of  miraculous  interference  could  have  brought  about. 

On  the  24th  ol'  May,  I8."V),  a  treaty  of  cession  was  made  at  Washington, 
between  a  delegation  of  chiefs  and  others  of  the  Chippewas,  and  the  United 


r 


•"■■!! 


Chap.  XII.] 


SIOUX  WAR.— VVAUCOSn.\USHE. 


177 


!  m 


Faibfiki.d. 


States,  by  which  all  the  reservations  heretofore  held  by  them  in  the  state  of 
Michigan  is  reliiKiiiished. 

A  report  was  cnrrent  among  ns  in  the  snmnier  of  thip  year,  that  a  san- 
guinary battle  had  been  fought  on  the  iiOth  of  Jnne,  at  a  noted  plaec!  on  the 
Red  River,  called  the  Chjss  Tiniliers,  between  25  Shawanecs  and  ;}50  C.iinan- 
ches ;  th.it  tiic  battle  lasted  a  whole  day,  and  eventuated  in  the  deteat  of  the 
latter,  who  lost  77  of  their  number. 

On  the  li)th  of  November,  18;3(),  a  large  war  party  of  Sioux  surprised  five 
lodges  of  Foxes,  on  the  lower  loway,  15  or  20  miles  from  where  the  liMc  of 
the  "Black-hawk  purchase "  crosses  it,  and  killed  about  20  of  them.  One 
of  the  Foxes,  a  young  man,  though  severely  wounded  in  the  neck,  made  his 
escap(!,  and  carried  the  news  to  l*oweeshie(!k's  village. 

In  May,  1837,  died  at  the  Huron  village,  Lorktte,  or  Grand  Louts,  wiiose 
Indian  name  is  Tandarelion,  aged  74.  He  had  been  a  great  Inmter,  and  an 
upright  man,  though  at  times  intemperate.  A  man  who  iiad  a  grudge  against 
another,  endeavored  to  hire  him  to  shoot  his  enemy,  hut  Lorette  replied, 
"Je  ne  suis  pas  en  guerre  avec  iui,"  "I  have  no  cause  of  war  with  that  iriaii," 
and  turned  scornfully  from  him.  And  on  the  13th  of  the  fbllowu)g  June, 
another  respected  ciiief  paid  the  debt  of  mortality. 

Capt.  George,  i)rincipal  chief  of  the  ancient  and  once  famous  tribe  of  the 
Onondagas,  died,  aged  70.  He  was  one  of  the  most  able  orators  of  the  Six 
Nations,  not  only  jjossessing  the  confidence  of  his  own,  but  all  the  coidederate 
tribes,  and  was  greatly  esteemed  by  the  white  people. 

In  the  order  of  time,  tiie  next  event  of  importance  was  a  severe  battle 
between  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  and  Sioux.  And  what  makes  it  to  be  the  more 
lamented  is,  in  consequence  of  the  criminal  negligence  of  our  government. 
When  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  sold  us  the  best  portions  of  Illinois,  Missouri,  and 
Wisconsin,  amoimting  to  26,500,000  acres,  which  included  all  the  lead  mines, 
for  the  sum  of  THREE  CENTS  PER  ACRE,  certain  provisions  were  to 
be  made  them  ;  certain  grotmds  were  to  be  put  in  cultivation,  certain  amount.s 
of  money  paid  at  certain  times,  and,  especially,  they  were  promised  protection 
from  t)  i'lr  bloody  enemies,  the  Sioux,  when  hunting  upon  certain  grounds 
allowed  to  tnem.  IJut  none  of  the  jiromises  made  them  had  been  |jeribrmed, 
and  famine  forced  them,  when  they  could  wait  for  us  no  longer,  to  go  unpro- 
tected into  the  wilderness  to  hunt  for  game. 

The  battle,  of  which  we  are  to  give  an  account,  hayipened  about  the  2d  of 
August,  1837,  and  the  histoid  we  have  of  it  is  derived  from  the  chief  of  the 
Sacs  and  Foxes,  who  was  mortally  wounded  in  it.  He  had  been  to  St.  Louis 
to  see  what  could  be  done  for  his  people  and  lie  says,  "when  I  returned,  1 
found  our  people  starving  at  the  village.  "vided  all  the  provisions  I  had 

received  from  our  trader  among  them,  and  j)owder  and  lead  to  enable  us  to 
make  a  hunt  to  supply  our  families  until  our  corn  was  ripe,  or  that  our  great 
father  had  paid  our  money  to  enable  our  traders  to  furnish  us."  Having 
divided  his  tribe  into  two  parties,  that  they  might  himt  to  better  advantage, 
one  was  to  proceed  along  the  dividi  ig  country  between  the  loway  and  Red 
Cedar  Rivers,  and  the  other  to  advance  up  the  right  bank  of  Cedar  River. 
At  the  head  of  the  latter  division  was  the  chief  of  whom  mention  has  been 
made,  whose  name  was  Wau-cosh-au-she.  He  had  in  his  company  aliout 
170  people,  of  whom  but  40  were  men,  the  rest  women  and  children.  They 
found  no  game  for  many  days,  and,  says  ti.o  old  chief|  "we  had  to  depend  on 
fish,  which  we  caught  Irom  the  Cedar,  to  keep  our  people  from  dying  with 
hunger."  He  was  in  great  expectation,  that,  if  he  could  reach  a  belt  of 
wooded  country,  between  the  Wapesepineca  and  Cedar,  to  find  plenty  of 
game.  Accordingly  he  sent  out  some  of  his  young  men  in  advance,  and 
followed  as  well  as  he  was  able  with  the  rest,  but  his  pioneers  soon  retiu-ned, 
and  informed  him  that  the  Winnebagoes  were  hunting  there.  "This  was  bad 
news,"  says  Waucoshaushe,  "in  our  starving  condition,  and  we  could  not 
return,  for  we  had  nothing  to  return  to,"  and  their  nearest  hope  was  about 
the  mouth  of  Otter  River.    He  therefore  bent  his  course  thither. 

On  arriving  oji  the  confines  of  that  country,  he  encamped,  and  sent  out 
some  hunters,  but,  as  before,  they  soon  retnriied,  and  reported  that  their 
ground  was  in  possession  of  the  Sioux;  and,  he  asks,  "What  was  now  to  be 


'  I J 

4'.  I 

■  H 


178 


SIOUX  AND  SAC  AND  FOX  WAR.-BATT'.E. 


[Book  V, 


doiio?  My  iminber  oCfifijlitiiig  iiion  was  small ;  but  to  rotrrat  was  iiiiiiossihle- 
for  we  must  have;  bww  (liscovcrtjd  l)y  llic  Si<tii.\,  and  (iillowt-d ;  and  wliciicvcr 
you  turn  your  l)ack  on  an  cncsmy,  you  are  sun'  of  dcd'at.  IMy  braves  a;LM('e(l 
with  me,  that  wo  sliould  immediately  start  ou  tlie  trail,  leave  our  women  and 
children  at  the  camp,  and  jjo  and  ascertain  their  strenjith ;  that  if  we  l()nnd 
them  not  too  stronj;,  to  drive  tluMii  out  of  our  himtinj^-frrounds.  We  l()llowed 
their  trail  across  Otter  liiver,  imd  then  it  took  a  <lirection  into  the  prairie,  to- 
wards where  the  sun  sets.  About  inidnifjht,  we.  thought  we  discovered  the 
Sioii.x  Io<I;j:cs,  We  raised  the  war-cry,  and  rushed  njmn  them;  but  liiuiid  no 
Jsionx  there,  only  sand-hills  instead  of  lodges.  They  were  encamped  in  a 
bollow;  and  by  this  mistake  we  were  discovercid.  W(!  might  now  lia\e  re- 
treated;  but,  n^decting  on  oin*  condition, — our  liunilies  starving,  our  limiting- 
grounds  possessed  by  our  enemies,  and  tlie  rememiirancc;  of  our  friends  tliey 
Jiad  murd(!'ed  last  winter  on  tlie  loway, — determined  lis  to  follow  them  as 
far  as  the  line. 

"  We  had  not  proceeded  far,  when  the  Sioux  fired  on  us.  1,  with  my  partv, 
nishe''  into  their  camps,  and,  aller  fighting  desperately  ()r  some  time,  lijiiiul 
they  were  in  too  strong  a  force  lor  us.  AH  Miat  could,  retreated  out  of  the 
cam|»s,  and,  taking  a  position  back  of  u  small  rise,  within  gunshot  of  their 
camps,  fired  ui)on  them  until  our  ammunition  was  exhausted.  We  then  re- 
treated to  our  camp, — where  we  had  left  our  women  and  children, — bringincr 
thirteen  wounded  with  us,  and  leaving  eleven  killed  ou  the  field." 

Such  is  the  account  of  the  battle,  by  an  actor  in  it  As  soon  as  he  could, 
Waucoshanshe  sent  two  of  his  braves  with  this  account,  to  the  agenc , ,  .t 
Rock  Island,  where  they  arrived  on  the  8  of  August.  The  chief  closed  his 
talk  in  the  tbllowing  words:  "My  lather,  I  am  one  of  the  wounded,  a-id  ex- 
pect never  to  see  you  a^ain.  I  have  followed  your  advice,  and  done  the  Ix'st  I 
could  for  my  nation,  and  /  do  not  fear  to  die.  We  have  with  the  gr(!atest  dif- 
ficulty  reached  our  village,  and  fear  that  many  of  our  people  will  die  of  hun- 
ger.    Father,  I  have  no  more  to  say." 

W^liat  was  done  for  these  poor,  distressed  Indians,  I  have  no  account, ! '  t 
doubt  not  it  might  be  quickly  told!  However,  a  delegation  of  Sues  and  Fo\,s, 
and  another  of  Sioux  and  loways,  visited  Washington  in  the  end  of  the  follow- 
ing Septemlier;  but  we  hear  nothing  of  any  redress  fbi*  die  former;  u't  the 
government  bought  of  the  Sioux  5,000,000  of  acres  of  their  land,  on  the  eiist 
side  of  the  Mississippi,  at  twenty  cents  an  acre.  These  same  Indians  w(>ie 
induced  to  travel  through  our  great  cities  by  advice  of  the  president,  who 
wished  to  make  them  acquainted  with  oiu'  power  and  consecpience  ;  iuid 
they  accoi  lingly  arrived  in  IJoston,  the  extent  of  their  journey  on  the  coast, 
on  the  a?  October,  1837.  They  consisted  of  both  deputations, — in  all,  ;i5. 
Among  the  Sacs  and  Foxes  were  the  well-known  and  celebrated  old  ex-cliiotj 
BLACK-HAWK,  his  son  Nasheeskuk,  (Loud  Thunder,)  Kkokuk,  and  Wa- 
PF.I.I.A.  On  Saturday  morning,  the  whole  i)arty  had  an  audience  of  the 
mayor,  Mr.  S.  A.  Eliot,  the  aldermen,  and  common  council  of  the  city,  in 
Faneuil  Hall.  The  Sacs  and  Foxes  arrived  first,  in  carriages,  and  were  sciitcd 
on  the  right  of  the  elevated  platform;  and  the  Sioux,  arriving  immediattly 
after,  were  seated  on  the  lell.  As  each  party  entered,  a  band  of  music,  stu- 
tioned  for  the  occasion,  plajed  martial  airs.  The  mayor  then  w  Icoiiiod 
them  in  a  short  speech,  through  their  interpreters.  Gov.  Everett  was  jiics- 
fmt,  and,  being  introduced  to  them,  invited  them  to  an  audience  in  the  State- 
House,  on  Monday  ;  for  which  civility  Keokuk  presented  him  with  a  bow  and 
arrows.  They  were  then  shown  the  armories  in  the  upper  hall  of  the  same 
])uilding,  where  they  expressed  high  gratification  at  seeing  so  many  briglit 
guns  fit  fi)r  use.    They  then  returned  to  their  lodgings  in  Concert  Hall. 

On  Sunday  morning,  a  part  of  the  Sac  and  Fox  delegation  visited  the  luny- 
yard,  and  in  the  afternoon  the  Sioux  and  loways  wei'e  thcrf.  They  were 
presented  by  Capt.  Percival  to  Com.  Downes,  who  conducted  them  over  the 
yard,  much  to  their  entertainment.  Th"  ships  of  war  most  astonished  tlicni, 
ind  W(!  are  not  sure  they  understood  the  use  of  that  grand  aflair,  the  diy 
uock ;  they  approached  and  looked  down  its  sides  with  evident  feelings  of 
awe.  To  a  handsome  address  from  Com.  Downes,  they  made  an  approprinte 
reply,  and  returned  to  their  quarters.    In  the  evening,  some  attended  the 


lo  account,  1 '  t 
ucs  and  F()X>  s, 
i  of  the  Ibllow- 
n-nicr;  :>('t  tlie 
lud,  on  tlie  cast 
.  Indians  were 
[president,  wiio 
fieciuence ;   wul 
;;y  on  the  coast, 
lus, — in  all,  '35. 
ed  oUl  ex-chiet; 
OKUK,  and  Wa- 
udience  of  the 
of  the  city,  in 
lUd  were  scaled 
Jig  innnediutcly 
[1  of  music,  stu- 
[hen  W'Jconu'd 
■erett  .vas  vrcs- 
je  in  the  State- 
witli  a  how  and 
lall  of  the  same 
[so  many  hriglit 
icert  Uall. 
isited  the  rnvj- 
•<..    They  were 
[l  them  over  tlie 
istonished  them, 
|d  affair,  the  di7 
[dent  feefnifis  ot 
k  an  approitnate 
[ne  attended  the 


Chap.  XII.] 


HLACK-IIAWK  IN   nOSTON.-SPEECIIES. 


179 


oratorios  at  Boylston  Hall  and  the  Masonic  Temple.  On  Monday,  tliey  hehl 
a  levee  at  Faneuil  Hall,  nnder  the  direction  of  the  city  marshal,  tiir  the  especial 
acconunodation  of  tlu;  ladies,  wiiich  was  closetl  at  eleven  o'clock,  when  pre- 
parations were  made  H)r  meeting  the  governor  at  the  State-House,  agreeably 
to  pnivions  arrangements. 

As  hot  a  very  small  portion  of  the  community  conld  he  admitted  to  the 
"Indian  council"  in  the  rei»re.sentatives'  cluunher,  notice  was  given  in  the 
newspapers  to  such  as  might  expect  admission,  that  "pass«'s"  had  hccn  pro- 
vided for  them,  and  were  to  he  had  between  !>  and  II,  A.  M.,  at  th<!  offices  of 
the  adjutant  general  and  city  auditor.  These  "passes"  were  cards,  on  which 
was  jirinted,  "Pass  to  the  Repuesentatives'  Chamber,  JJOth  Octoiiek, 
lb37." 

Meanwhile,  the  Sioux  lefl  the  city,  and  jn'oceeded  on  their  journey  west. 
It  was  evi(h'iitly  unpleasant  to  both  parties  to  meet  at  the  same  time  and 
place,  as  the  war  between  them,  of  which  we  have;  taken  notice,  had  not 
ceased,  and,  for  aught  they  knew  to  the  contrary,  the  fi-ieiids  of  (i.ich  were 
falling  by  tlic  hand  of  the  other,  in  the  country  tiom  which  they  were  thus 
temporarily  absent. 

Tlu!  hour  having  ari'ivcd  for  the  Indians  to  make  their  appearance  in  the 
hall  of  the  State-House,  it  was  crowtled  to  overflowing,  as  was  every  avenue 
leading  to  it.  The  governor  occupied  the  speaker's  chair,  w  ith  his  aids  and 
council  around  him,  when  the  chiefs  eaiin!  in  and  took  seats  in  the  adjacent 
area.  The  governor  then  arose,  and,  in  explanation,  stated  the  object  of  their 
visit.  "They  are,"  said  he,  "a  most  respectable  d(>|)Utatioii  from  the  Sac  and 
Fox  tribes,  which  are  in  amity  with  oiir  government.  The;  object  of  their 
mission  to  Washington,  was  to  form  a  treaty  explanatory  of  tlu;  great  treaty 
made  in  18ti(),  defining  tlie  boundaiies  between  their  terrilory  and  that  of  the 
United  States.  Their  lands  are  situated  biitween  the  iMississi|>pi  and  Missou- 
ri. The  united  tribes  comprise  about  .5000,  of  whom  about  1400  ai(!  braves. 
They  iire  the  descendants  ot'the  Algonquin^,  jr  Lennape,  and  sjieak  the  same 
language  as  that  anciently  spoken  by  the  Indians  of  this  regioi;."  Some  per- 
sons in  the  galleries  showing  a  disposition  to  manifest  their  ridiculous  con- 
ceptions, when  the  Indians  came  in,  the  governor  obst^rved  to  the  audience, 
that  any  such  demonstrations  by  laughing,  however  seemingly  ludicrous  any 
appearance  might  he,  would  be  highly  inipro|)er,  and  the  Indians  might  eon- 
strut  such  exhibition  of  mirth  into  disrespect. 

The  interpreter  was  then  requested  to  inform  them  that  the  governor  bade 
them  a  hearty  welcome  to  the  hall  of  council  of  their  white  brethren.  "Wo 
iiave,"  said  he,  "  before  lieard  of  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  by  our  travellers ;  and 
we  have  been  told  the  names  of  their  great  men  and  chiefs  ;  and  now  we  are 
glad  to  see  them  with  our  eyes.  We  are  called  the  people  of  Massachusetts; 
it  is  the  name  of  the  red  ])eople  who  onc(!  lived  here.  Li  former  times,  the 
red  man's  wigwam  stood  on  our  very  fields,  and  his  council-fire  was  kindled 
oa  this  spot.  When  our  forefathers  came  to  this  country,  they  were  but  a 
small  band.  The  red  man  stood  on  the  rock  on  the  sea-side,  and  looked  at 
tliein.  He  might  have  jiushed  them  off,  and  drowned  them ;  but  he  took 
tliein  by  the  hand,  and  said,  '  Welcome.'  Our  forefathers  were  hungry,  and 
the  red  man  gave  them  corn  and  venison.  They  were  cold,  and  the  red  man 
spread  his  blanket  over  them,  anu  made  them  warm.  We  arc  now  grown 
(treat  and  powerful ;  yet  we  remember  the  kindness  of  the  red  man  to  our 
Ibrefiithers. 

"Brothers!  our  faces  are  white,  and  yours  are  red;  hut  our  hearts  are 
alike.  You  dwell  between  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri ;  they  are  mighty 
streams.  One  stretches  out  to  the  east,  and  the  other  away  to  tin;  west,  (!ven 
to  the  Rocky  Mountahis;  but  still  they  make  but  one  river,  and  they  run  to- 
gether to  the  sea.  Brothers!  we  dwell  in  the  east,  and  you  live  in  the  tiir 
west;  but  we  are  one  family.  Brothers!  as  you  ])assed  through  tlu^  hall  be- 
low, you  tojiped  to  look  upon  the  image  of  our  great  father,  Washington  ;  it 
is  a  cold  ftone,  and  cannot  speak ;  but  our  great  father  loved  tin;  red  man, 
and  he  commanded  us  to  love  you.  He  is  dead  ;  but  his  voict;  made  a  deep 
print  in  our  hearts,  like  the  footsteps  of  the  great  bufiiilo  ill  the  clay  of  the 
prairie." 


;  .411 


.  i 
lit     I 

'1     I 


.:  ,1 


^t  ;: 


It 

i 

li^* 

1 

i^ 

i 

180 


HLArK-HAWK   IN    nOSTON— KKOKirK. 


[Hook  V. 


Krokiik  litul  Ills  son  with  liiiii,  iilioiit  M  years  old.  'i  li<>  gnvrriior  nlliiilnd 
to  liiiii,  when  he  said,  ".May  the  (Jieat  S|iiiit  preservt;  tlie  lile  of  your  son. 
JMay  he  ^rritw  np  hy  yonr  side,  like  liie  lender  saplin/i  by  the  side  of  the 
mighty  oak.  i\hiy  yon  lon^  llonri^li  to;;etlier;  anti  when  the  n.i^hty  oak  in 
fiilien  in  llii-  liiresl,  may  the  youn^'  tree  lake  ils  jtlaee,  and  sjiread  oni  jtH 
liranelies  over  his  |ieo|ile.  Itrolhers!  I  hav(;  niadt!  you  a  short  talk,  and  onco 
inoie  hid  yon  .veleonii;  to  our  council  hall." 

Kkoktk  said  in  leply,  "  I  am  very  tniich  gratified  at  the  jileasure  of  sliak- 
iiif,'  hands  with  the  vreat  chief  of  the  country,  and  others  ahoiit  him.  'j'lio 
(Jreal  Spirit,  as  yon  have  said,  made  us  the  same;  we  only  s|»eak  diilerent 
lau<.;uajres.  IJrother!  I  am  very  ha|)|»y  to  he  aide  to  say,  heliirii  I  die,  that  I 
havt^  seen  liie  hous(>  when'  yonr  tiilhers  used  to  speak  with  ours,  as  we  now 
do  with  you,  and  hope  the  (ireat  Spirit  is  pleased  at  tlio  si<rht.  1  hopt>  liu 
will  loufi  kt^'p  peace  hetweeii  th(^  white  and  red  men." 

Wai'km.a  next  spoke,  lie  said,  "I  am  very  hap|)y  to  meet  tny  friends  in 
the  land  of  our  toreliithers.  1  recollect,  when  a  litlUi  hoy,  of  iieariuf^  my  fore- 
tiilhcrs  say,  that  at  this  place  \hv  red  man  first  took  the  white  man  hy  tjie 
liand.  1  am  very  happy  that  this  island  can  su|>port  so  many  white;  men  as 
have  com*;  on  to  it ;  I  am  glad  tiiey  can  tind  a  living,  and  happy  they  can  he 
contented  with  livinir  on  it.  I  a.n  glad  to  hear  the  white;  men  call  us  their 
lirothers  ;  it  is  true  they  art;  tla;  ohiest ;  hut  where  1  live  my  trihe  is  the 
oldest  among  th.>  red  men.  I  shall  go  homi;  and  tell  my  I  rethren  that  I  liavo 
b(!en  to  this  great  |)lace,  and  it  shall  not  he  Ibrgotteu  hy  me  nor  my  childnn," 

Waacasiiaasukk  then  came  forward,  and  said,  "  [  have  just  listened  to  the 
words  s|)oken  hy  you  and  my  chiels  ahftut  onr  ii)r«'tiithers.  1  have  long 
wished  to  see  the  shores  where  my  fiitliers  took  tlic  white  men  by  the  Imnd, 
mid  J  shall  not  tbrget  it." 

PowKKSHiKCK  ucxt  spoke  as  follows:  "You  have  lienrd  what  my  "liiofs 
liave  to  say.  They  are  much  gratified  with  their  visit  to  this  town.  This  is 
the  place  wh(<re  our  tribe  once  lived.  1  have  ofh-n  beard  my  fiither  and 
grnndfiitbcr  say  that  they  •)iice  lived  by  the  sea  coast,  where  tlu;  wiiite  man 
lirst  came.  I  wish  I  had  a  book,-'  and  could  read  in  it  nil  tliesc  things.  I 
liave  l)een  told  that  thitj  is  the  way  you  get  all  your  knowledge.  I  think  tlw 
AuKU'icans  are  among  the  greatest  of  the  white  ])eo|)le,  that  v«>ry  H'w  can 
overpower  them.  It  is  so  with  tin;  Sact;,  though  1  say  itf  They  call  ine  a 
great  man  where  I  live,  and  1  am  very  happy  that  two  such  greui  men  as  you 
and  1  should  meet  and  shake  hands  together." 

Next  came  tiie  Indian  who  wore  a  ixiHido  skin  all  over  him,  its  bead  on  his 
own,  with  horns  erect.  His  name  w«  cotdd  not  get  hold  of;  but  be  said,  "I 
am  much  pleased  witii  tlu;  conversation  our  chi<;f"s  have  had  with  yon.  1  am 
glad  you  noticed  Miutsanwout,  Keokuk's  son.  He  will  succeed  bis  fiithrr,  and 
be  a  chief  The  chiefs  who  have  spoken  to  you  an;  all  village  chiefs ;  l()r 
my  part,  1  have  nothing  to  do  with  the  villages;  but  I  go  to  war,  and  tight  for 
tlu!  women  and  children." 

Ai'PANosEOKEMAR  iioxt  spoke :  "I  am  very  happy  to  shake  hands  with  you. 
I  do  it  with  all  my  heart.  Although  we  have  no  paper  to  put  down  words 
on,  wt>  shall  not  forget  this  good  counci!.  I  am  a  brave,  and  have  my  arms 
in  my  bands.  'J'iiey  are  all  my  defence ;  but  I  wish  to  leave  them  in  this 
bouse  for  the  white  man  to  rciuu^mber  the  red  man  of  the  fiir  west.  My 
presents  may  not  be  agreeable,  but  they  are  given  with  n  good  heart."  And, 
divesting  himself  of  all  bis  clothes,  wampum  belt,  moccasins,  &c.,  except  a 
blanket,  he  gave  them  and  bis  arms  to  the  governor. 

]ii.ACK-HAWK's  turn  now  came.  His  voice  was  very  shrill,  and  bo  was  tiie 
oidy  one  among  them  with  any  of  the  costume  of  the  whites  about  him.  He 
began,  "  I  like  very  well  to  bear  you  talk  of  the  Great  Spirit.  He  made  us 
both  of  one  heart,  though  our  skins  are  of  difterent  complexions.  The  first 
white;  men  that  came  to  this  island  were  French.     They  were  our  brothers  us 

*  They  proliahly  know  no  (iinbrciico  in  books,  and  supposed  that  any  l)ook  would  read  as 
might  lu'  desired.  'J'hey  look  upon  them  r.s  a  kind  of  oraeh;,  and  suppose  one  as  good  as  a 
thousand,  having"  no  idea  of  Iheir  different  eonlenls.  One  might  fct  such  an  idea  from  a 
certain  hymn  of  Dr.  Walts,  hut  it  is  original  wiih  the  bidiaas. 

t  This  caused  a  pleasing  seasaiiou  in  the  house. 


CllKV.   XIl] 


ORKAT  MORTAI.irV. 


191 


yon  nrv,.  When  nt  tin;  president's  villaj(e,  yom*  people  pnt  ineiluls  iiboiit  onr 
n«!c!vs.  'I'lie  l''ieneli  nseil  In  ilo  so  l>y  onr  liitl'ers.  'i'lie  <irejil  Spirit  is  |ileiise(l 
(It  onr  tiiikin^  to^rctlier.  I  iini  a  man.  Von  are  a  man.  None  ol  ns  are  any 
thin;;  more.  J  live  h(;t\veen  the  .Mississippi  an<l  IVIissoin'i.  I  have  now  ^ot 
to  l>e  an  old  man.  It  is  snrjtrisin^  to  me  liow  so  many  pc^oph'  eaii  h\e  in  ho 
mnall  a  place  as  this  vilhi-ie  is.  I  eatniot  set!  where  they  fir\  venison  and  corn 
ciion^'h  to  hve  npon  ;  Itnt  itihey  like  it,  I  am  satislied.*  I  eamiot  shake  liandH 
with  all  my  friends,  hiM  hy  shaking;  hands  with  yon,  I  mean  it  tor  all." 

Keoknk  then  preserned  his  son  to  the  pivernor,  who  caused  his  own  notj 
to  shake  the  hand  oltliat  oflhe  ehierap|»arent.  'I'hen  eana?  (iirward  a  lirave, 
will)  said  his  latin  i  was  a  l''renehman  ;  he  presented  the  ^'((vei  nor  with  a 
])i|K>,  His  excellency  then  inliirmed  the  Indians  that  sona^  |)resents  had  heer 
]irepar(Ml  tor  them  in  th*;  halcony  in  front  of  the  hall,  and  that  they  slioidd 
proceed  then;  and  rectrive  them,  which  was  accordinijly  done.  The  presents 
consisted  of  {j;nns,  swords,  trinkets,  and  clothes  for  their  women  and  chil- 
(lr(!n,  &c.  '\\t  th(!  son  of  K  okiik  the  ^'overnor  ^niveau  eie^'imt  .  ttle  ritle, 
and  observed  that  he  hoped  la;  \Nonld  soon  he  ahh;  to  shoot  linlfaloes  with  it. 

All  tli«!se  alliiirs  took  up  much  ti'ia;,  espis'ially  the  s|»eec'ies,  as  thc!  inter- 
preters had  to  repeat  them  scmteiicci  hy  senteife,  as  they  wen;  delivered,  to 
both  parties  of  Indians.  At  lIc!  end  of  (iach  sentence  delivered  to  the  Indians, 
they  would  sinMiltaiH;onsly  ntter  asstnit  to  it  in  an  inexpressibh;  soii'd,  soiikv 
thin^  lik<;  what  mi^ht  be  derived  from  a  pecidiar  |n'onma'iation  ol  lettiTH 

n-uf!^li-yiih,  which  most  be  <lone  in  tfie  sntiw  breath,  and  a  ^nadnn  ^sin^  of 
the  voice.  And  then;  was  such  a  «lissii,iilarity  in  lan^'iiage  between  one;  por- 
tion of  tb(!  chiefs  and  the  others,  that  two  iiitc  rpr»;ters  wen;  necessarily  em- 
ploV(!(L 

A^'reeably  to  notice  fjiven,  the  Indians  w  itbdrew  ft-oni  the  Imlcony  of  tlio 
Stat(!-ll<nise  to  the;  senate  chamber,  wh(!r(!  they  partook  of  a  collation,  and 
then  ap|»eured  on  tin;  common,  where  they  perl(>rmeil  a  mock  war  dance,  to 
the  ^i"at  ainnsement  of  th(!  immense  multitude.  Jn  the  evenin^f,  lla-y  visitcid 
the 'IVeinoiit  Theatre,  when-  Forrest  took  a  iK-nefit  in  the  "i^anker  of  "|{o;;otiu" 
The  Sioux  had  l)elbre  atiencK-d  the  National  Theatre.  On  Tuesday,  tin;  .'Jlst, 
they  U'rt  the  city,  takinj^  their  journey  west. 

Indian  deputations  wcire  thinj,'s  n»!W  tct  this  generation,  in  Hoston,  aiui  when 
some  lM!^an  to  think  they  were  satislicul  with  seeiiif,'  one,  another  was  an- 
tionnced;  and,  on  the  20  Nov«Mnb(!r,  there  arrived  in  the  I'rovichwict' cars  ^(i 
chiefs,  from  a  country  liir  beyond  that  from  whence  came  the  preceding;  ones. 
They  wtuv  said  to  rt  i)res(!nt  the  (iraiid  I'awnees,  I'awiuio  JiOnpes,  and  Ro- 
jMiblieaii  Pawnees,  Otoes,  and  Omalaus.  TIk;  name  of  the  principal  chief  is 
Odderiissin,  a  descendant  of  the  ancient  JMohavvKs.  They  were  lod^^ed  at 
Concert  Jlall  also,  and  the  i\v\t  day  visited  the  nuvy-yard,  theatre  in  the  even- 
injj,  and  on  Wednesday  IctV  tla;  city.  They  were  dressiid  entirely  in  the  liir 
forest  costutiK;,  and  fantasiically  painted  ;  and  sona;  of  thcn»  were  of  immenso 
stature,  and  appeared  as  thon^a  tl'ey  liad  endured  the  frosts  of  conntieHS 
winters. 

Scenes  of  wr  itchedneKs  liave  b(!on  recorded  in  onr  early  pages,  occasioned 
hy  malignant  diseases,  among  Indians  of  our  own  land.  We  are  now  to  re- 
late the  doings  of  death  on  a  broader  scale,  in  the  regions  of  the  lJi)|»er  Mis- 
.souri.  In  October  last,  (18H7,)  the  sniall-pox  was  still  raging  over  that  vast 
country.  Up  to  the  fii-st  of  that  month,  the  IMandans  were  reduced  from  1,()00 
to  31  souls;  the  Minetarees  from  1,000  to  .500,  and  they  w(ire  still  dying  fast. 
The  Ricarecs,  who  had  recently  joined  tlusm,  were  bunting  by  themselves, 
when  ilie  disease  was  raging  among  their  fricsnds,  and  wen;  not  seized  by  the 
horrid  malady  until  a  month  after.  They  nmnbereJ  3,000,  and  half  of  thetn 
were  in  a  few  days  swept  away,  and  hundreds  of  the  sui-vivors  were  killing 
themselves  ia  despair;  some  with  their  own  spears  and  other  instruments  of 
war,  and  some  by  casting  iheniselves  dow  the  high  j»rccipices  along  the 
Missouri.  The  great  nation  of  Assinnaboines,  10,000  strong;  the  Crees, 
3,000,  arc  nearly  all  destroyed.    The  Black  Feet  had  known  no  such  foe  be- 

*  None  of  til''  reporters  did  jiislioe  to  the  old  chiefs  speech ;   but  my  cars  did  not  deceive 
mc.    These  last  two  sentences  were  omiiicd  by  all, 
16 


7  1 

ii 

■lii 


182 


DEATH   OF   BLACK-HAWK. 


[Book  V. 


;  tvt lus,  111.1  firf.wtii  jnviiimni/i  i(i  inv  ujhiii.i  /uui)  fnniHg 
md,^^  'I'o  wliicli  Hliick-lmwk  nindts  tlio  fiillowinj,'  very 
IS  picnscrl  tli«'  (irrat  Spirit  tliiit  I  niti  licre  td-day.     Tlie 


forp ;  it  Im''  rcarlird  the  Rocky  Moniitains,  and  swept  away  tlic  poopio  in  a 
tlioiisaiul  lodges.  'I'licy  witc  rrckoiit'd  at  ()(),()0()  strong.  It  is  irii|i()^sil)|i>  to 
bf  acciirat);  in  tlu-sc  details,  hiil  such  are  liie  aeeoiiiits  froin  the  west ;  niid 
tliey  are  to  this  day,  !HH,  iitieotitradieted.  lien;  is  a  coiriineiitary  upon  our 
policy  of  sttttlin^  tiie  horder  Indians  anion'' the  wild  tribes  in  the  west!  of 
wliicli  we  have  expressed  our  o|»inion  in  an  earlier  part  f)f  this  work. 

l'roceediri<t  in  the  order  ol"  events,  we  next  tind  Hi.ack-hawk,  his  noted 
8on  jVitnluiush.k,  and  his  wile,  a  liandsonie  stpiaw  of  the  Sac  tribe,  attendiiij,' a 
hall,  hy  invitation,  at  I'ort  iMa<lison,  in  Wisconsin,  in  honor  of  \Vasliin>;loM's 
birthday, '^i  Fehrnary,  Iri-'lH.  On  the  -Ith  of  the  .Inly  l()llowinff,  Hiai-k-hawk 
was  ajiain  present  at  the  same  place,  when;  a  celehration  was  enacted.  At 
the  tahle,  IMr.  J.  U.  Kdwards  honctred  him  hy  liie  l()llo\vinfr  sentiment :  "  Oiir 
iltunlnoiis  frmsl.  Maif  his  ikdiniii^  i/cnrs  lie  as  rnim  ns  his  prrvintis  lifr  hits  hcni 
bniskrous  from  warlike  events.  His  present  J'riemlahip  to  the  whiles  f'ulljf  eiilitlis 
him  lo  a  sent  at  our  hoarrty 
sensible  reply:    "  It  has 

earth  is  our  i:'.ntlier,  and  we  urv  now  permitted  to  be  upon  it.  A  li^w  snows 
ajjo,  1  was  tiffhtinfj  apiinst  the  white  people — perhaps  I  was  wronp — but  that 
is  past,  it  is  buri(Ml ;  let  it  Uv.  fi)rfrotten.  I  love  my  towns  and  cornlields  on 
the  Rock  River, — it  was  a  beautiful  country.  I  foujrht  lor  it,  but  now  it  is 
yours.  Keep  it  as  tlu!  Sacs  did.  I  was  once  a  warrior,  but  I  am  now  poor. 
Keokuk  has  been  the  ca\ise  of  what  I  am — do  not  blame  him.  I  love  to  look 
upon  the  iMississi|»pi ;  I  have  looked  upon  it  from  a  child.  1  love  that  beau- 
tiful river;  my  homo  has  always  been  upon  its  banks.  I  thank  you  fur  your 
fritiudship.     I  will  .say  no  more," 

Now  we  have  approached  the  closing  scene  of  the  celebrated  Ri.ack- 
HAtVK.  How  loiifif  he  had  had  his  camp  on  the  Dea  Moines,  we  are  not  in- 
formed; but  about  this  time  we  tiiul  him  there,  and  there  he  died,  on  the  3 
of  October,  IHJW,  aged  7;{.  When  it  was  known  that  the  spirit  of  tin;  old 
cliief  had  departed,  many,  whites  as  well  as  Jndians,  assembled  at  liis  Un\jn\ 
and  )»erformed  his  last  recpiest,  which  was,  that  he  mifrht  be  buried  as  all  Sac 
chiefs  anciently  were,  and  it  was  in  accordance  done.  No  prave  was  made; 
but  bis  body  was  plac«;d  upon  the  frroiind  in  a  sitting  position,  witJi  liis  curie 
between  his  knees,  and  grasped  in  his  hands ;  slabs  or  rails  were  then  jiiled 
up  about  bim.  Such  was  the  end  of  Black-hawk.  Here,  however,  his  hones 
did  not  long  rest  in  peace,  but  they  were  stolen  from  their  place  of  deposit 
Bome  time  in  the  Ibllowiiig  winter;  but,  about  a  year  aller,  it  was  discovered 
that  they  were  in  possession  of  a  surgeon,  of  Quincy,  Illinois,  to  whom  some 

Eerson  had  sent  them  to  be  wired  together.     Wlien  Gov.  Lucas,  of  loway, 
ecame  acquainted  with  the  facts,  they  were,  by  his  requisition,  restored  to 
bis  friends. 

"  What  fiend  could  thus  disturb  the  peaceful  dead .' 
Remembrance  pointing  to  what  last  he  said  :— 

'  Prepare  the  hollow  tomb,  and  place  me  low, 
My  trusty  bow  and  arrows  by  my  side ; 
For  long  the  journey  is  that  I  must  go. 
Without  a  partner  and  without  a  guide.' " — Frenead. 


9i00e 


CHAPTER  XHL 

MoNAKATTOOATiTA,  Or  ScAROvADA,  at  Bradilocli's  defeat — His  son  killed  there — His 
coolness  in  battle — His  great  concern  for  the  frontier  settlements  after  the  defeat — 
Visits  Philadelphia — Speech  to  the  Governor  and  Jlsscmbly — Wis  counsel  neglected 
— His  friendship  continues — Incidents  of  the  war  in  Pennsijirania — Murdered 
people  carried  to  Philadelphia — John  Churchman. — Treaty  of  Fort  Stanwix. 

Having  in  a  former  chapter  given  but  a  passing  notice  of  a  very  prominent 
chief,  we  shall  in  this  place  proceed  with  his  biography.  Monakattoocha, 
or,  according  to  Peter  Williamson,  who  knew  hun,  Monokatoathy,  was  also 


'1 


[Book  V. 
prr>|)lo  in  a 

ll|lllhhilllc   to 

(•  west ;  imd 
,ry  uiHdi  (iiir 
i(>  west '.  of 
lork. 

■K,  liirt  iintod 
i>,  attnitliii},'  a 
^Viisliinf.M(iii'H 
,  IJliu'k-lnivvk 
cnacU'il.     At 
imcnt :   "  Our 
IS  lifi  has  hi'in 
■s  I'ulhf  rntilhs 
liltdvviii},'  very 
to-day.    TIk! 
A  lew  snows 
oiip — but  tliat 
coriirit'lds  on 
hut  now  it  is 
am  now  iioor. 
1  lovf  tts  look 
ovc  that  hcau- 
k  you  lor  your 

V)ratr,d   Black- 
wc  arc  not  iii- 
e  died,  on  tho  3 
ipirit  of  the  old 
ed  at  his  lodjiP, 
mried  as  all  f*«c 
•avc  was  nmdc; 
n,  witli  his  rune 
kero  then  pilnd 
vcver,  liis  hones 
laco  of  deposit 
vas  disrovered 
to  whom  some 
L^iicas,  of  loway, 
tion,  restored  to 


ClIAP.  XIII 1 


•rilOir|JI,F..S  IN  IM'.NN— SCAROYADA. 


183 


i! 


EAU. 


IdUed  then—His 

t  ajtcT  the  ilrfcai-- 

s  counsel  nrglccUd 

iilrania— Murdered 

FOHT  Stanwix. 

a  very  prominent 

floNAKATTOOCHA, 

atoathy,  was  also 


calK.'d  Sc AKUoovPA,  and  Sraroyada.  Wo  hrlieve  iiini  to  liavo  Iwoii  a  Wyan- 
dot, as  lie,  and  also  a  son  of  iiis,  wco  often  rnipjoy*  d  ujiom  incssafri's  lu;iw«;(!n 
that  haiion  and  tho  ^'ovcrnment  o>  i'mnsylvania;  yet  th*>  aiioiiyinouH  autlior 
of  "A  IJru'f  View  of  tin;  ('ondiict  of  IVwii'syivania  liir  tin- year  1755,"  Hiiyn 
ho  was  an  Iroijuois,  and  liad  for  a  lon^  tiuio  iivoii  amont;  "our  frirndly 
Indians  ahout  Shainnkin,  and  other  places  on  the  Siistpiehannah."  Il<>  was 
one  of  the  lew  warriors  wiio  escaped  the  perils  of  llraddock's  hloody  field; 
havini;  l<>u;;ht  on  the  siih!  of  the  lln^disli,  he  was  amon;;  those  who  stood  hy 
that  uiili>rtunat(;  general  to  the  last,  (lis  son,  a  hold  and  intrepid  warrior,  whom 
wo  hav*!  Just  Mienlioned,  lost  his  lite  there,  thou^di  not  hy  the  enemy,  it  is 
believed,  hut  hy  his  own  liiends,  in  their  random  discharges  amongst  theru- 
Helves  in  their  ama/.ed  condition.  Scaroyada  sincerely  lamented  him,  esjM!- 
eially  as  he  had  been  killed  hy  his  own  |>eople,  whom  lie  was  liiilhtiilly  endeav- 
orinj,'  to  serve.  \^'lien  no  mon-  could  he  done,  and  a  retreat  was  ordered, 
tindini;  he  had  tired  away  all  his  ammunition,  he  coolly  ri;:lite(l  his  |iipe,  and 
Heatin<r  himself  under  tht;  branches  of  a  tree,  begun  smoking  as  though  the 
day  had  goiio  tlio  other  way. 

When  the  border  war  brokti  out  anew  in  October,  about  three  motiths 
after  Hraddock's  defeat,  it  excited  great  alarm  throughout  Pennsylvania,  ami 
although  there  was  a  continual  domestic  warliire  between  tlu!  general  assem- 
bly and  their  governor,  K.  II.  Morris,  yet  Scuroyada  was  not  tbrgottcui  hy  tho 
latter,  who  recomineiHled  that  he  m\d  .'Indnw  Montour,  an  interpreter,  should 
be  rewariled  to  their  satisliiction  lor  tlu^r  trouble!  and  great  service. 

The  friendly  Jiidians  were  situated  between  the  English  and  hostile  party, 
and  they  appli^u!  to  the  governor  for  liberty  to  leave  their  country  and  go  out 
of  the  way  of  the  war  parties.  Scaroyada,  IMontour,  and  Col.  Ccmrad  Weiser 
were  employed  to  persuade  them  to  join  the  English  in  the  war.  J  low  the 
chief  viewed  tho  crisis  of  this  period,  may  better  be  learned  fiom  his  own 
account  than  from  any  other  source.  Several  fimiiliv  having  been  murdered 
in  the  most  revolting  manner,  Scaroyada  i)roceoded  to  Philadelphia  with  Col. 
Weiser  anil  two  other  chitsls.  "A  mixture  of  gric-f,  indignation,  and  conceirii 
sat  upon  their  countenances."  Scaroyada  immediaK.'ly  demanded  an  aiidienco 
of  the  governor  and  all  the  members  of  the  assembly,  to  whom,  when  assem- 
bled, ho  thus  addressed  himself: — 

"  Brethren,  we  are  once  more  come  among  you,  and  sincerely  condole  with 
you  on  account  of  the  late  bloodslied,  and  the  awful  clouds  that  hang  over 
you  and  over  us.  Brethren,  you  may  be  assured  that  these  horrid  actions 
were  committed  by  none  of  those  nations  that  have  any  iellowship  with  us; 
but  hy  certain  false-hearted  imd  tnjacheroiis  l)retliren.  It  grieves  us  more 
than  all  our  other  misfortunes,  that  any  of  our  good  friends  the  English 
should  suspect  us  of  having  flilse  hearts. 

"Brethren,  if  you  were  not  an  infatuated  people,  we  are  yet  about  300 
warriors  firm  to  your  interest;  and  if  you  are  so  unjust  to  us,  as  to  retain 
any  doubts  of  our  sincerity,  we  offer  to  i)ut  our  wives,  our  children,  and  all 
we  have,  into  your  hands,  to  deal  with  them  as  seemeth  good  to  you,  if  we 
are  found  in  the  least  to  swerve  from  you.  But,  brethren,  you  nuist  support 
and  assist  us,  for  we  are  not  able  to  fight  alone  agaitist  the  powerful  nationa 
who  are  coming  against  you  ;  and  you  must  this  moment  resolve,  and  give  ua 
an  explicit  answer  what  you  will  do;  lor  those  nations  have  sent  to  desire 
us,  as  old  friends,  either  to  join  them,  or  to  go  out  of  their  way  and  shift  for 
ourselves.  Alas!  brethren,  we  are  sorrv  to  leave  you!  We  remember  the 
many  tokens  of  your  friendship  to  us — but  what  shall  we  do?  We  cannot 
stand  alone,  and  you  will  not  stand  with  us. 

"  Brethren,  the  time  is  precious.  While  we  are  here  consulting  with  you, 
we  know  not  what  may  be  the  fate  of  our  brethren  at  home.  We  do,  there- 
fore, once  more  invite  and  reijucst  you  to  act  like  men,  and  he  no  long<  r  as 
women,  j)ursuing  weak  measures,  that  render  your  names  despicable.  Jf  you 
will  put  the  hatchet  into  our  hands,  and  send  out  a  number  of  your  young 
men  in  conjunction  with  our  warriors,  and  provide  the  necessary  arms,  am- 
munition, and  provisions,  and  likewise  build  some  strong  lioiises  for  the  pro- 
tection of  our  old  men,  women,  and  children,  while  we  are  absent  in  war, 
we  shall  soon  wipe  the  tears  from  your  eyes,  and  make  these  false-hearted 
brethren  repent  their  treachery  and  baseness  towards  you  and  us. 


;,;S'li;; 


184 


SCAIIOYADA— HIIOCKlNfJ  MIIUDKR.S. 


[nooK  V. 


"  But  wo  miiHt  nt  tlic  hiiiih'  time  sohrTimly  a^t^^llr^1  yon,  tlint  if  you  delay  niiy 
loiitftT  to  net  litdiiiily  in  ninjnnition  .villi  nn,  or  think  to  pnt  \)h  oti;  ll^i  iisiial, 
with  niMTitiiin  liopcs,  yon  will  ecr  our  tiici-s  nndir  tliis  rmil"  no  more.  \V(; 
inijct  Mliill  for  on-  own  .xiili-ty,  and  Irave  yon  to  tin;  iiiercy  ol"  yonr  enemies, 
(iH  an  inthtuated  people,  npon  whom  we  eaii  hav«^  dependenee  no  lon^'ei." 

Tears  were  standinj,'  in  the  old  chiei'H  eyes  when  he  (iniMlied  his  speeclr, 
l)iit  he  was  doomed  to  sidli-r  yet  greater  perolexity,  from  the  delay  of  tlm 
a.ssemhiy  to  act  npon  the  matter.  'I'his  anpeal  of  tin!  chiefM  was  made  dii  n 
Satnrday,  and  an  ndjonrnment  was  immediately  moved  and  earried,  and  no 
action  (*onl<l  he  had  at  that  time.  On  the  t<>l|owinf,'  'I'nesday  the  assendily 
met  aifain,  hnt  several  days  passed  and  nothing  was  done.  The  I'riendf-liad 
n  majority  of  nnMnhers  in  that  hody,  an<l  they  wonid  not  lielievi;  that  war  on 
any  conditions  was  to  he  tolenited  ;  and  thns  the  i;ood  intentions  of  Scaroyada 
were  thrown  away,  and  the  war  was  carried  on  with  success  l»y  the  eneiny. 

Notwithstanding,'  the  ne^dect  shown  him  on  this  occasion,  we  tind  lum 
bnsily  enjra>,'ed  in  November  following  in  his  hnmane  purpose  of  warding  off 
the  calamities  from  the  frontier  tiimilies.  At  one  time  ho  learned  that  a  party 
of  Delawares  and  Hhawniiees  were  jtreparin;;  to  strike  a  blow  on  the  I'.n^disii 
border,  and  he  forthwith  rejtaired  to  Harris's  Kerry,  and  f,'ave  the  information 
in  time  to  jireveiit  tlio  intended  jnischief  We  Jiear  no  more  o  '  Scaroyada 
until  1757,  in  which  yonr  he  raisr'd  a  comi)any  of  Mohawks,  and  in  Ahiy 
marched  to  the  relief  of  Fort  Auj,MistuH.  In  174'2  mention  is  made  of  a  chief 
Tiamod  Skanurady,  who  was  acting  a  conspicuous  part  amonjf  the  Cayn^ms, 
lie  may  bo  the  same  jjorsoi",  hut  of  that  we  liave  no  other  evidence  than  the 
approximation  in  the  spelliig  of  the  hanes.  It  may  ho  mentioned  that  one 
of  the  chiefs,  Caye.\q,uilo<juoas,  who  vent  to  i'hiladolphia  with  Scaioyada 
in  1755,  had  two  sons  in  an  ucaileuiy  in  tiiat  city,  wliere  they  had  been  placed 
the  year  before  to  be  educated.     Tlu'y  w«!ro  supported  by  the  province. 

We  will  in  this  place  recur  aeain  to  an  incident  in  the  war  of  1755,  as  it 
was  a  fuKilnient  of  the  i)rediction  of  Scaroyada,  which  prol)ably  gave  I'enn- 
sylvania  more  alarm,  and  caused  iicr  greater  consternation  than  any  other  in 
her  wliole  history ;  not  even  excepting  the  war  of  the  revolution,  or  the 
"  Western  Insurrection." 

The  author  of  the  view  of  tliut  ])rovince  in  1755,  closea  his  work  with  this 
"POSTSCRIPT.  I  sen<l  you,"  h((  writes,  "the  following  postscript  to  my 
Jong  letter.  The  scal|):ng  contiinies!  Yesterday  [December  14tli]  the  Dutch 
brought  down  for  upwards  of  (JO  miles,  in  a  wagon,  the  bodies  of  some  of 
their  countrymen  who  had  been  just  scal|)ed  by  the  Indians,  and  threw  them 
at  the  State- House  door,  cvr,mif>^  the  (^uakers^  principles,  and  hiddinfr  the  com- 
mittee of  assembly  behold  the  fruits  of  their  obstinaaf,  and  confess  that  their  pre- 
tended sanctity  would  not  save  the  province  tvithout  tfie  v3e  of  means,  nt  the  same 
time  threatening,  that  if  theif  should  come  down  on  a  like  errand  again,  and  find 
nothing  done  for  their  protection,  the  consequences  should  be  fatal.  A  Dutch  mob 
is  a  terrible  thing;  but  methods  are  taking  to  pacify  them,  and  jjrevent  it." 

The  manner  in  which  this  serious  alliiir  is  spoken  of  by  honest  John 
CnuRCHiMAN,  in  h's  life  and  travels,  deserves  to  be  noticed,  as  well  for  its 
addition  to  the  stock  of  historical  facts,  as  showing  how  it  was  viewed  by  one 
of  the  strictest  of  the  Friends'  party.  "The  Indians,"  lie  says,  "  having  burnt 
several  houses  on  the  frontiers  of  this  province,  also  at  Gnadenhutten,  in 
Northampton  county,  and  murdered  and  scalped  some  of  the  inhabitants, 
two  or  three  of  the  dt!ad  l)odies  w«M*e  brought  to  Philadelphia  in  a  wagon, 
with  nn  intent,  as  was  supposed,  to  animate  the  people  to  unite  in  jtrcparu- 
tions  lor  war,  to  take  vengeance  on  the  Indians,  and  destroy  them.  They 
were  carried  along  several  of  the  streets,  many  peo})le  Ibllowing,  cursing  the 
Indians,  also  the  Quakers  because  they  would  not  join  in  wju*  lor  destruction 
of  the  Indians.  The  sight  of  the  dead  bodies  and  the  outcry  of  the  people 
were  very  afflictive  and  shocking  to  me :  standing  at  the  door  of  a  Irieiul's 
house,  as  they  passed  along,  my  mintl  was  much  humbled,  and  turned  much 
inward,  when  I  was  made  secretly  to  cry,  What  will  become  of  Pennsylvania'}" 
The  good  man  also  said  to  himselfj  that  the  snis  of  drunkenness,  ])ride,  pro- 
faneness,  and  other  wickedness,  had  not  only  |)olluted  the  borders  where  tlic 
murders  were  committed,  but  Philadel])bia  likewise,  and  that  in  the  day  of 
retribution  blood  would  be  retiuired  here  also. 


Ciup.  XIV.) 


KSTII.I/S   Dr.IT.AT. 


l^ 


Seven-  ri'tliTt'niii-i  were  iiuliiljrt'il  in  relative  to  the  roiidiict  of  Home  of  the 
(iiiakeis.  .Viilhnnirl  (inthh,  iiieinhrr  of  the  nssi-inlily,  niiil  ii  |iniiMiiieiit  rhar- 
ueter  aiiioii^  tlieiii,  was  Heiii  into  tlie  iiiteijoi-  to  hwiiii  tlii'  tnitli  ris|ieeiinK  tho 
ravages  coiiiithiiiieii  of;  lie  is  n'|iorii'il  to  have  said  that  "those  killed  hy  tho 
Indians  wern  only  some  Smlrh- Irish,  who  eoiild  well  enon^li  Im>  spared  ;'^  and 
8iich,  it  was  further  n'jMirled,  was  "the  coinmon  lanjfna^e  of  many  o|"  that 
sort."     iiut  tliise  eharges  ure  to  Imj  taken  with  larjje  allowane«'s. 


H 


>  J 


9ifte 


cnAi»Ti;ii  XIV. 

Earlij  western  hhturij — Inritlrnts  of  /;«///r.v— K.hhi.i.'m  dkfkat — Simon  Clirtij — Slffftt 
of  linjii  Ill's  sliitiiin — Damki.  IJoonk — HArri.K.  ok  tiik,  IJi.uk  Licks — Its  disastrous 
issiir — .Miissiirre  of  Major  I)iih!^IiIijs  vim — lliirmrr's  ('niii/niiirii — C'di..  IIauih.n  — 
His  first  ilifiiit — Sarrow  isnipis  if  itiiliriiluitis — Majoh  VVvr.i.vs — Srronil  itifrat 
— Majors  Fontiiinr  iind  h'l/llijs  liillrd — lialtlr  near  Fori  Hfrovrnj — C'hiifs  IInhkr- 
wi)(n>  ANi>  Svi.i.Ai) — McMaiion's  dkkk.at  am>  iikatii — (iiilld  lit  iiftioti  f  Lieut. 
Drake — Citpt.  Harlshorne  killed — Fate  of  the  chief  Sai.i.ai)— Piuminqu. 

"Of  nil  man,  unviiia  Syllii  lln'  iimn  slayi'r, 

Wild  piisiicM  lor  ill  IiI'k  riiKxt  liirkv 
or  llio  iiriiMl  niiiiii'i,  wliiili  ill  mir  f.iccn  nt.iro, 

Tho  (ii'iiorul  BiKMi,  liiii'liHiMi  Ism  111  ul' Kuiitiicky, 
Wim  Iiii|i|iii'i4t  iiinoii:;  iiii>rliil'i  iiiiy  wlii'ri> ; 

'I'hi!  |in  nciil  rinci  ill  I'liiiil   [ 

Citu  in,  tliiit  lluuii  livi'il  liiiiiliii;,'  ii{i  III  iiiiinty. 

'Tin  tru(!  Iio  Hlirank  fnim  nii'n,  even  nl'  liit  n.ition, 

Wlnii  tli'V   liiiill   il|i   into  lii-i  clirljiiu'  trni"', — 
11'   niiivi'il   Kiiini'   liiiiMlnil   hiIImh  iiI)',   liir  ii   Hliitiiiii 

VVlicre  tli(!ro  wore  I'uwor  Iiduhoh  and  inoro  oasc." — IIybon. 

As  tho  tide  of  emigration  roll(;d  westward,  fiirther  and  farther  was  rarriod 
fi'om  tho  Atlantie  shores  the  van  hillow,  whieh  broke  in  blood  as  it  rolled  on- 
ward, and  whi(!h 'v\ill  not  cease  until  it  has  met  its  kindred  wave,  |»roi;ressiiif( 
from  tho  wostorn  oeoan,  aiitl  both  shall  have  swofit  down  and  buried  in  their 
course  those  liirms  of  huii.iiiity,  in  whoso  name  there  will  roniain  a  charm 
forever-  and  which  will  strike  tho  imajrination  stron<;or  and  strouf^or,  as  tho 
times  in  which  they  w«!rt!  are  hooii  throufrh  tin;  dim  distance  of  ajres.  Wc 
can  yet  view  upon  the  hills  of  th<!  west,  as  tho  sim  sinks  beyond  them,  tho 
tigiu'o  of  one  of'  tho  race,  with  his  bow  in  his  hand,  and  its  |)roduction  by  hia 
hide,  in  his  way  to  his  humblt;  wifiwam  in  the  ;ileii  to  which  its  smokt;  above 
the  to|is  of  the  lotly  trees  directs  him.  Is  there  a  landscape  in  nature  like 
this?  Who  that  Irus  even  rtitd  of  the  Indian  can  ofl'aco  it  from  bis  memory? 
JJut  it  is  our  ruling:.'  maxim  not  to  indulge  in  tlescriptioiis  merely  to  delight 
the  imagination,  but  to  give  our  s|)aco  entirely  to  tiicts  which  should  bo 
remomborod,  leaving  potitry  to  those  writers  better  skilled  in  it. 

Wo  shall  ben;  proceed  to  tho  detail  of  the;  (!V(!nts  of  one  of  tho  most  san- 
guinary battles,  considering  the  numbers  engaged,  over  Ibiight  in  tlu!  west. 

On  the  22  Mar<;h,  1782,  a  company  of  25  VVyandots  attacked  Estill's  station, 
in  Kt'iitucky,  killed  one  man  and  took  a  iiogro  jirisoncr.  The  owner  of  the 
station,  Capt.  Jamks  Estim.,*  a  bold  pioneer,  was  at  tho  time  absent  engaged 
III  scouting  in  defence  of  his  neighbors,  and  having  recoivod  iufolligonoe  of 
tiio  attack  upon  his  own  bouse,  hastened  in  pursuit  of  the  party  which  had 
iiuide  it.  Thoir  trail  led  across  Kentucky  River,  thence  towards  tho  Ohio, 
which  Capt.  Estill  followed  with  ardor;  and  when  be  came  within  al)out  two 
miles  of  Little  Mountain,  now  the  village  of  Mount  Sterling,  the  Indians  were 
discovered  on  tho  right  bank  of  llinkston's  branch  of  Licking  Kivor.  I'hey 
ininiodiatcly  threw  themselves  into  a  position  of  defence,  and  (JapL  Estill, 
whose  men  numbered  the  same  as  those  of  the  Indian  cliiofj  drew  up  bis  in 


*  In  all  the  editions  of  Rnono's  Narrative  it  is  Ashton.  but  it  is  an  error.    A  county  per- 
petuates tlie  name  of  tlip  l>rave  Estill. 
16* 


■ihSi 


186 


SIEGE  OF   IJRYANT'S  STATION. 


[Book  V. 


front  of  them  on  the  opposite  sid".  All  now  depended  on  the  greatest  exer- 
cise of  skill ;  lor  neither  could  claim  to  be  ])ettcr  marksmen  than  the  other  • 
if  the  whites  were  good,  so  were  tin-  VVyandots.  They  waited  lor  the  Ken- 
tuckians  to  begin  the  battle,  which  they  immediately  did,  and  on  the  first  fire 
the  chief  of  the  Indians  was  severely  wounded.  This  so  disconcerted  his 
men  that  many  of  them  were  for  making  a  rapid  retreat;  hut  his  voice  rallied 
them  to  their  posts,  and  the  strife  was  now  urged  with  the  utmost  deterniinii- 
tion  on  both  sides.  Each  was  confident  in  his  own  superiority  in  skill  over 
his  adversary,  and  for  some  time  but  lew  fell,  owing  to  the  covered  positions 
both  j)arties  lield. 

At  length  it  was  apparent  to  the  cliiefs  that  it  would  require  a  long  time  to 
decide  the  contest  by  that  mode  of  action,  and  each  v.aited  inipatiently  lor  the 
other  to  make  some  advances  by  which  advantage  might  be  gained.  It  is  un- 
natural for  a  wliite  man  to  lie  by  a  deer's  [)ath  all  day,  waiting  for  it  to  pass, 
at  the  end  of  which  he  is  quite  as  uncertaiji  whether  it  will  come  in  the  course 
of  juiother,  or,  perhaj)s,  nut  till  the  end  of  ten  days.  It  may  he  as  unnatural 
for  the  Indian ;  but  he  will  wait  day  in  and  day  out  without  half  the  uneasi- 
ness which  a  white  man  feels.  Thus,  at  the  memorable  battle  of  the  Little 
Mountain,  the  whites  would  not  wait  for  a  change  of  position  by  the  Indians, 
and  therefore  resolved  to  make  one  themselves.  Experienced  tacticians  sel- 
dom  divide  their  Ibrces.  The  Indian  chief  kept  his  imbodied  ;  but  the  Ken- 
tuckian  divided  his,  and  it  proved  his  ruin. 

Caj)t  Estill  despatched  Lieut.  Mill' r,  with  six  men,  with  orders  to  cross  the 
river,  and  come  upon  the  bacV"  of  ihe  Indians,  while  he  would  occupy  them 
in  front.  Accordingly,  Miilei  marched  out  on  this  design ;  and,  to  deceive 
the  Indians,  the  captain  extended  his  line  in  Iront,  with  the  view  of  closing  in 
on  the  flanks  of  the  Indians  the  moment  Lieut.  Miller  should  divert  them  in 
his  di>"ection.  Unhai)pily  for  the  whites,  that  time  never  came ;  Miller  was 
easily  tloieated  ;  or,  as  some  *  say,  came  no  more  into  action.  Yet  Estill  was 
enabled  to  continue  the  fight  for  more  than  an  hour  ;  meanwhile,  his  centre 
became  weak,  and  being  furiously  charged  by  the  Indians,  his  men  broke  and 
dis|)eised.  Each  man  shilted  for  himself  as  well  as  he  could  ;  Capt.  Estill, 
and  his  second  lieutenant.  South,  both  escaped  from  the  field  of  battle  ;  hut 
they  tell  by  the  tomahawk  in  their  flight.  Four  on*/  escaped  from  that  san- 
guinary strife, — excepting  those  under  Miller, — and  those  four  were  all 
wounded. 

The  Indians  werr  supposed  to  have  lost  half  their  numl)er;  hut  tliey  were 
imboldened  by  tins  success,  and  other  depredations  followed. 

In  the  following  August,  that  noted  fiend  and  miscreant,  Simon  Girty,  now 
twice  a  savage  in  disposition,  came  down  upon  Kentucky  at  the  head  of 
above  500  Indians,  from  the  tribes  of  the  Wyandots,  ftliamies,  Potto watton lies, 
Shawanees,  and  Cherokees.  Their  object  was  the  destruction  of  Bryant's 
station,  on  the  Elk  Horn,  which  lortuiuitely  had  news  of  their  apj)roach  in 
titue  to  prepare  for  them.  Nevertheless,  Girty,  relying  on  his  nund)ers,  de- 
I3rmined  to  reduce  it.  A  sj)ring  near  the  Ibrt,  which  supp'''d  ii  with  water, 
was  un[)rotected,  and  he  stationed  a  considerable  body  ne<i  it,  in  conceal- 
ment, to  cut  oft"  such  as  should  venture  to  it  during  the  siege.  Anotiier  jtarty 
was  or('"red  to  j)ost  themselves  in  full  view  in  front  of  the  garrison,  l)y  which 
femt  it  Wao  expected  the  main  strength  of  it  would  be  drawn  out;  in  which 
event  a  third  party  was  to  storm  a  certain  gate,  and,  if  possible,  force  it,  and 
thereby  gain  possession. 

The  attack  commenced  in  front ;  but  Girty's  design  was  fathomed  by  the 
shrewd  backwoodsmen.  They  at  once  saw  that  but  a  small  party  began  the 
onset,  and  rightly  judged  a  much  greater  one  lay  concealed  in  their  rear. 
They  now  determined  to  attempt  a  stratagem  on  Girty's  camj),  and  with  wiiat 
success  we  shall  next  proceed  to  state.  Thirteen  yoimg  men  were  sent  out 
to  attack  the  Indians  in  front,  while  the  remainder  of  the  garrison  (about  130) 
were  prepared  to  receive  the  party  in  the  rear.  Girty  was  completely  de- 
ceived by  the  manoeuvre,  for  supposing  the  main  body  liad  gone  in  pursuit 


*  Gov.  MoREHEAD,  in  his  admirable  address  in  Commemoration  of  the  First  Scltleincnl 
of  Kentucky. 


Chap.  XIV.] 


SIEGE  OF  BRYANTS  STATION. 


187 


of  the  small  party  in  front,  lie  rushed  up  -witli  great  fury  to  execute  this  part 
of  his  plan.  At  the  same  nioinent  the  garrison  opened  upon  him  a  most 
deadly  fire.  This  was  entirely  luiexpected,  and  "the  whole  Indian  army" 
fled  with  the  utmost  precipitation,  leaving  tlie  13  brave  men,  who  had  mado 
the  sortie,  at  liberty  to  rejoin  their  friends.  IJut  tiie  siege  was  not  to  termi- 
nate here ;  the  fugitives  returned  in  u  siiort  time,  luider  cover  of  logs  and 
fences,  and  for  several  hours  kept  uj)  a  continual  firing  upon  the  garrison. 

Meanwhilf,  word  had  been  received  at  Lexington,  that  Bryant's  fort  was  in 
immhient  danger,  and  a  })arty  of  about  50  men,  horse  and  loot,  set  oft"  to  re- 
lieve it.  The  besieging  Indians,  beuig  aware  of  tl  march,  andnished  the 
road  near  the  garrison,  and  were  exulting  in  the  ,  ospect  of  cutting  oft'  the 
whole  party;  but  such  was  tlie  dexterity  of  that  company  of  men,  that  they 
succeeded  in  dashing  through  the  whole  body  of  Indians,  with  the  loss  only 
of  six  of  their  number ;  and  even  those  were  lost,  as  it  were,  by  accident. 
The  company  approached  the  garrison  in  two  divisions  at  the  same  time,  and 
the  party  first  attacked  did  not  lose  a  man,  while  the  other,  instead  of  pro- 
ceeding directly  to  the  Ibrt,  tacked  and  marched  for  the  relief  of  their  friends, 
and  thereby  came  directly  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  who  had  now  noth- 
ing to  do  but  to  turn  their  arms  upon  them.  In  this  affair  Girty  was  knocked 
down  by  the  force  of  a  ball  which  lodged  in  his  shot-pouch,  without  doing 
him  any  injury. 

Girty,  being  now  well  aware  that  a  further  waste  of  time  and  ammunition 
would  be  of  no  avail,  resolved,  as  a  last  resort,  to  try  the  effect  of  a  gascon- 
ade. Accordingly,  crawling  up  as  near  the  fort  as  he  could  find  a  covert, 
he  hailed  those  within,  and  demanded  a  surrender ;  said  diey  now  had  an 
opportunity  to  save  their  lives ;  but  if  they  held  out  longer,  he  could  not  be 
accountable  for  their  safety.  And,  besides,  he  said,  he  hourly  expected  two 
pieces  of  cannon,  and  a  thousand  more  Indians,  who,  when  arrived,  would 
make  deplorable  havoc  of  every  man,  woman,  and  child ;  that  now  was  their 
only  chance  of  escaping  that  scene  of  blood.  And,  after  extolling  their  bra- 
very and  courage,  he  closed  with  the  announcement  of  the  name  of  Simon 
Girty,  and  that  what  had  be<m  promised  was  upon  his  honor ;  and  demanded 
whether  the  gan'ison  knew  him. 

A  young  man,  named  Reynolds,  was  appointed  to  reply  to  him,  which  he 
did  in  a  style  of  taunt  which  will  long  be  remembered  in  Kentucky  story. 
"Know  you?"  said  Reynolds ;  "Ay, that  we  do.  I  liave  a  good-for-nothing 
dog  named  Simon  Girty.    Bring  up  your  reenforcements  and  artillery,  and  l)e 

d d  to  you ;  we  will  not  fight  you  with  guns,  but  have  prej)ared  switches 

with  which  to  drive  you  out  of  the  fort  if  you  should  get  in ;"  with  niucli  more 
in  like  kind.  If  Girty  was  not  satisfied  before,  he  became  so  now ;  and,  on 
the  following  morning,  the  whole  army  marched  off  towards  their  own  coun- 
try. Thus  ended  the  celebrated  siege  of  Bryant's  station,  August  17th,  after 
about  3(j  hours'  duration. 

The  country  had  become  alarmed  over  a  wide  extent,  and,  on  the  next  day 
after  the  termination  of  the  siege,  a  large  number  of  men  had  assembled  on 
the  ground,  eager  to  j)ursue  the  Indians.  Among  them  were  several  oliicers 
of  known  valor,  the  chief  of  whom  were  Col.  John  Todd  of  Lexington,  Lieut. 
Col.  Triog  of  Harrodsburgh,  Lieut.  Col.  Boone  of  Boonesborough,  and  Majs. 
Harlan,  McGary,  and  Levi  Todd.  Col.  Logan  had  been  notified,  and  was 
believed  to  be  on  his  march  to  join  them  ;  but  such  was  the  ardor  of  the  men 
now  assembled,  though  no  more  than  18*2,  to  have  a  fight  with  those  Indians, 
whom  they  believed  (JOO  strong,  that  they  would  not  be  restrained,  and  they 
marched  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  on  their  trail.  This  irrational  im- 
petuosity, it  should  be  remembered,  did  not  extend  to  such  men  as  Daniel 
Boone,*  who  coolly  gave  it  as  his  opinion,  that  it  was  not  prudent  to  pursue 
until  a  reenfbrcement  should  arrive ;  but  this  sage  counsel  was  scouted  by 
some,  while  others  attributed  it  to  cowardice.     Like  I  ttle  Turde,  before  the 


First  Settlement 


*  The  writer  of  the  life  of  "  Boon,"  in  the  "  American  Portrait  Gallery,"  has  not  noticed 
the  distin^^uished  part  he  acted  in  the  battle  of  the  Blue  Licks.  This  juslly-celebrated  man 
died  in  the  house  of  his  son,  Maj.  A.  Boone,  of  Montgomery  county,  in  Septembc/,  1822,  in 
his  8d(h  year. 


188 


DISASTEIl  AT  THE  Wl.VK   LICKS. 


[Book  V. 


buttlM  of  Miami,  Boone  bore  tlic  iiitsult  in  silence,  but  did  his  duty  in  tlic  bat- 
tle wliicli  ensued. 

Art  tliis  devoted  band  inan;hed  alonf^,  it  was  apparent  to  every  man  of  ex- 
perir'uce  wliieli  composed  it,  tliut  the  enemy  expected  pursuit,  lor  they  had, 
in  many  ways,  left  traces  of  their  march,  whicli  an  enemy  not  courting  pur- 
suit would  n(!ver  have  mu<le.  Boone,  and  otiiers  of  his  mind,  who  had  doubt- 
ed the  pro[)riety  of  the  proceedinj^,  ho{)ed  that  the  impetuous  party  would 
come  to  their  reason  as  they  aj)proached  the  scene  of  danger,  which  doubtless 
wouhl  have  been  tlie  case,  but  for  the  mad  act  of  one  man,  and  that  was  a 
Maj.  i\lc(jary. 

Alter  a  march  of  about  40  miles,  they  came  tj  Licking  River,  at  the  since 
well-known  point  called  the  Blue  Licks;  and  as  the  hill  opened  to  their  view 
on  the  opjwsite  side,  a  few  Indians  were  discovered  slowly  ascending  it,  and 
leisurely  disaj^peanjcl  on  the  other  side.  Here  a  council  of  war  was  called, 
and  Col.  Todd,  the  commander-in-chief,  called  on  Col.  Boone  ibr  his  advice. 
It  was  given  with  candor,  and  caution  was  strongly  recommended,  as  it  had 
been  belbre  leaving  Bryant's,  on  the  j)receding  day.  This  course  of  the  com- 
mander ought  to  have  silenced  all  clamors,  especially  as  none  could  but  ac- 
knowledge the  wiiidom  of  Col.  Boone,  He  well  understood  the  natiue  of  the 
adjacent  country;  he  had  made  salt  at  the  lick;  hunted  in  its  vicinity;  and  it 
was  there  he  lidl  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians  in  1778,  and  suffered  a  long 
captivity.  Tliese  considerations  availed  little.  Spies  were  sent  out ;  but  they 
reluiised  without  making  any  discovery.  Boone  described  a  ravine,  in  which 
he  did  no*  doubt  the  Indians  lay  concealed,  and  proposed  two  measures ;  one 
of  which  he  thought  should  be  adopted,  Tiie  first  was  to  wait  for  a  reon- 
forcement;  btit  if  they  would  not  consent  to  that,  he  advised  that  a  part  of 
their  force  shoidd  be  detached  up  the  river,  to  cross  it  and  surjjrise  the  In- 
dians; while  the  remainder  should  make  a  feint  in  fiont  of  t'leir  position. 
Here  all  deliberations  were  suspended  by  the  war-whoop,  not  fi'oni  the  In- 
dians, but  McGary,  who,  spurring  his  horse  into  the  river,  in  defiance  of  all 
subordination,  called  out  for  all  that  were  not  coioards  to  follow  him — he  would 
show  them  the  Indians.  The  miserable  "example  was  contagious  among  the 
fiery  sjjirits;"  and  though  a  part  remained  with  Todd  and  Boone  for  a  short 
time,  all  were  soon  over  the  river,  and,  says  Boone,*  "  we  discovered  the 
enemy  lying  in  wait  for  us.  On  this  discovery,  we  formed  our  columns  into 
one  single  line,  and  marched  up  in  their  front  within  about  40  yards,  before 
tliere  was  a  gun  fired.  Col,  Trigg  commanded  on  the  right,  myself  on 
the  left,  Maj,  McGary  in  the  centre,  and  Maj,  Harlan  the  advance  i)arty  in 
front.  From  the  manner  in  which  we  iiad  formed,  it  fell  to  my  lot  to  bring 
on  the  attack.  This  was  done  with  a  very  heavy  fire  on  both  sides,  and  ex- 
tended back  of  the  line  to  Col,  Trigg,  where  the  enemy  was  so  strong  that 
they  rushed  up  and  broke  the  right  wing  at  the  first  fire,  Tims  the  enemy 
got  into  our  rear,  and  we  were  compelled  to  retreat  with  the  loss  of  77  of  our 
men,t  and  12  wounded,"  Such  is  the  sunnnaiy  account  of  that  sanguinary 
battle  by  Col,  Boone  himself,  a  most  conspicuous  actor  in  it. 

The  right  wing  was  dreadfully  cut  to  pieces.  Col.  Trigg  was  killed,  with 
most  of  his  men,  while  Boone  sustained  himself  manfully  in  his  position, 
Maj,  Harlan,  whom  no  danger  could  daunt,  maintained  bis  ground  until  but 
three  of  his  men  were  left,  when  he  fell  mortally  wounded.  The  tomahawk 
was  now  resorted  to  l)y  the  savages,  and  the  remainder  of  the  little  army  iiave 
way,  one  wing  after  another,  and  a  dismal  rout  ensued.  Some  regained  tlieir 
horses,  while  others  fled  on  foot.  They  were  a  mile  from  the  lick  where  they 
had  crossed  the  river ;  and  when  they  arrived  there,  the  Indians  in  great  num- 
bers were  upon  them.  No  pen  can  describe  the  scene  now  begun.  Col, 
Todd  was  here  numbered  with  the  slain.  Bjone  very  narrowly  escaped, 
conveying  away  his  sen  by  a  secret  path,  who,  to  his  lasting  sorrow,  he  soon 
found  was  mortally  wounded,  and  he  was  obliged  to  leave  him  in  the  way. 


*  III  a  idler  to  the  govornor  of  Virginia,  dated  on  (lie  30  August  following  the  bailie,  ap- 
pen<li-(i  to  Gov.  Moreliuad's  discourse. 

t  Tlio  Indians  wore  said  lo  have  lost  the  same  number  ;  but  it  is  improbable.  They  bunit 
at  the  stake  several  of  the  whiles  who  fell  alive  into  their  hands. 


Book  V. 

tlic  bat- 

1  of  ex- 
ley  hud, 
iiif;  jmr- 
[l  (louht- 
y  would 

[01ll)tl('SH 

ut  was  a 

he  since 

K'ir  view 

ig  it,  and 

IS  called, 

is  advice. 

as  it  iiad 

'  the  coni- 

Id  hut  uc- 

ure  of  the 

ty ;  and  it 

red  a  long 

;  hut  they 

!,  in  which 

;ures;  one 

for  a  re(>n- 

t  a  part  of 

ise  tlie  hi- 

ir  position. 

Mil  tlie  In- 

lance  of  all 

I — he  would 

among  the 

!  I'or  a  short 

hovered  the 

jlunms  into 

irds,  helore 
myself  on 
party  in 
ot  to  hring 
es,  and  ex- 
strong  that 
the  enemy 
of  77  of  our 
sanguinary 

killed,  vyith 
lis  position. 
id  until  l)>it 

tomahawk 
e  army  t:ave 
gained  tlieir 

where  they 

great  nuni- 
legun.  Col. 
,iy  escaped, 
■ow,  he  soou 

the  way. 

Ihe  baUle,  ap- 
They  burji 


Chap.  XIV.] 


MASSACRE  OF  MAJ.  DOUGFITY'S  MEN. 


180 


The  flyini:  party  met  Col.  Logan  with  the  expected  reenforeement,  before 
they  arrived  at  J3ryant's  station.  That  veteran  otHcer  shed  tears  when  Ire 
heard  of  the  blind  liite  of  so  many  valuable  men.  With  Col.  Boone,  and  such 
others  as  would  join  him,  he  marched  tor  the  battle-ground  of  the  llHh,  and 
arrived  there  on  the  21st ;  from  whence,  after  burying  the  dead,  he  returned 
to  the  settlements.  "The  n(^w,s  C''  this  grievous  disaster  went  like  a  dagger 
to  the  hearts  of  the  people  of  Kentucky."  But  its  strength  was  to  be  exerted 
under  more  fiivorable  auspices  in  future.  Gen.  Clark  destroyed  the  Indian 
town  of  Chillicothe,  and  several  other  villages  on  the  Miami,  innnediately 
athT,  which  terminated  the  war  in  Kentucky.  In  this  expedition,  too,  Boone 
was  cons[)icuous. 

Passing  over  minor  events  of  border  warfare,  we  come  next  to  the  detail 
of  Harmer's  campaign,  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  incidents  in  western 
history.  With  the  war  of  the  revolution  that  with  the  Indians  closed,  only 
to  be  revived  according  to  circumstances  on  their  part,  or  when  it  suited  their 
convenience.  Various  acts  of  hostility  w(!re  kept  up,  growing  out  of  what 
the  Indians  with  truth  were  made  to  believe  were  infringements  upon  their 
rights  and  privileges.  That  both  parties  had  cause  of  complaint  will  not  be 
denied ;  but  that  both  had  an  e(iual  chance  for  redress,  is  a  question  no  one 
will  seriously  propound.  The  Indians  were  by  no  means  on  equal  footing  in 
this  respect ;  and  hence  the  cause  of  their  frequently  attempting  redress  by 
retaliation.  In  fact,  few  of  them  knew  any  other  remedy.  The  complaints 
from  the  western  li-ontiers  had  become  so  lord  in  1790,  that  congress  re- 
quested the  secretary  of  war.  Gen.  Knox,  to  collect  what  inlbrmation  ho 
could,  relative  to  dej)redations  by  the  Indians  upon  the  inhabitants  of  that 
region.  An  able  report  v^as  the  result  of  the  investigation,  in  which  it  was 
stated  that  within  two  years  j)ast,  upwards  of  Ij-TOO  persons  had  been  killed 
or  carried  into  cajjtivity,  and  a  great  amount  of  projierty  destroyed.  Among 
other  mischiefs,  was  an  attack  upon  a  comjiany  of  government  soldiers,  under 
the  following  circumstances: — 

In  the  month  of  Ajiril,  1790,  Maj.  John  Doughty  and  Ensign  Sedam  went, 
with  15  men,  in  boats,  upon  some  public  l)usiness  to  the  friendly  Chikasaws. 
Having  performed  their  mission,  and,  as  they  were  ascending  the  Tennessee 
River,  40  Lidians  approached  them  in  canoes,  under  a  white  flag.  They  were 
admitted  on  board ;  and  nothing  but  a  friendly  disposition  being  manifested, 
presents  were  distributed  to  them,  and  they  left  in  seeming  good  faith ;  but 
no  sooner  had  they  ])ut  off  from  their  friends,  than  they  poured  in  upon  them 
a  destructive  fire.  The  Americans  were  almost  entirely  unprepared  for  such 
a  salutation ;  but  they  returned  it  as  soon  as  their  circumstances  would  al- 
low, and  the  fight  continued  lor  .some  time  ;  and,  notwithstanding  the  great 
inequality  of  numbers,  finally  succeeded  in  beating  ofT  the  Indians,  though 
not  until  they  had  killed  all  but  four  of  the  company.  Such  are  the  incidents 
of  the  massacre  of  Maj.  Doughty's  men.  This,  with  other  events  of  a  less 
atrocious  character,  caused  tiie  a[)pointment  of  Gen.  Josiah  Harmer,  then 
coimnanding  at  Fort  Washington,  to  be  [)iaccd  at  the  liead  of  a  force,  to  bo 
led  against  the  Indians  on  the  Aliami ;  an  account  of  which,  in  the  next  place, 
we  shall  i)roceed  to  give  in  detail. 

Gen.  Ilarmer  was  considered  an  able  tactician,  and  was  an  officer  of  the 
late  revolutionary  army  ;  and  it  was  expected  that  he  would  find  little  diffi- 
culty in  breaking  up  the  haunts  of  the  Indians,  and  sid)duing  them,  if  they 
attempted  to  meet  him  in  a  general  battle.  He  had  820  regular  troops  })ut 
under  him,  with  orders  to  call  upon  Kentucky  and  Pennsylvania  lor  (juotus 
of  militia  to  increase  his  force  to  1,500  men.  Ai)out  the  close  of  Se|)tend)er, 
the  re(piisite  nund)er  of  men  having  arrived,  the  army  marched  from  Fort 
Washington  for  the  Indian  country.  Col.  Hardin  was  detached,  with  (JOG 
men,  with  orders  to  proceed  in  advance  of  the  main  body ;  aid,  after  a 
nuircli  of  17  days,  he  arrived  at  the  Groat  Miami  village,  Octobi-r  Ki.  He 
found  it  deserted  and  in  flames.  It  was  situatt'd  at  the  confluence  of  the 
St.  .loscph'rt  and  St.  Mary's  Rivera — a  site  now  included  in  Allen  county, 
Indiana.  About  5  acres  were  enclosed  by  pickets,  within  which  the  army 
encamped.  In  the  burning  building.s,  great  (juantities  of  grain  were  discov- 
eii'd ;  and,  on  further  search,  abundance  more  was  fbimd  in  holes  hi  the 


190 


DEFEAT  OF  HARMER'S  ARMY. 


[Book  V. 


ground.  At  the  same  time,  a  detacliment  of  300  men,  under  Col.  Trotter 
and  Muj.  llliea,  murched  out  upon  (lis<;ovcry.  They  found  5  villages,  all 
burnt,  and  saw  about  30  Indians.  Thinking  these  a  decoy,  they  did  not  at- 
tack tiieni.  The  next  day,  which  was  the  17  October,  Maj.  Fontaine,  aid-de- 
camp to  Gen.  llarmer,  with  a  party  of  yOO  toot  and  about  50  horsemen,  pro- 
ceeded to  find  Indians.  Niuuerous  signs  were  discovered;  and,  at  some  G 
or  7  miles  Irom  camp,  he  tell  in  with  a  party,  and  was  defeated  with  a  loss 
of  70  men.  Others  state  that  there  were  but  170  men  in  all,  30  of  whom 
were  regulars  under  Lieut.  Armstrong  and  Ensign  Hartsliorn  ;  that  ^3  of  the 
latter  were  killed  or  taken,  and  seven  escaped  by  Hight.  Lieut.  Armstrong 
saved  himself  by  plunging  into  a  slough,  and  remaining  most  of  the  night  up 
to  his  neck  in  mud  and  water.  Ensign  Ilailsiiorn  made  an  equally  narrow 
escape.  In  his  flight  he  stumbled  over  a  log,  which,  as  he  fell,  he  observed 
contained  a  cavity  of  sutficient  magnitude  to  admit  his  body.  He  crawled 
into  it,  and  eventually  escaped  unobserved.  While  he  lay  in  the  hollow  tree, 
he  witnessetl  from  a  knot-hole  the  burning  and  dreadful  torture  of  several  of  his 
comrades  on  the  same  ground  where  they  had  been  defeated.  Ensign  Harts- 
horn is  believed  to  l)e  the  same  who  fell  afterwards  in  the  battle  at  Fort  Re- 
covery. 

Never  did  Indians  gain  a  more  complete  victory,  and  never  was  a  plan 
better  laid  to  insure  it.  They  drew  the  army  after  them  by  their  trail ;  then, 
dividing  themselves  into  two  parties,  marched  back,  on  each  side  of  it,  to  a 
heath  or  plain,  and  there  lay  concealed  in  the  bushes,  while  their  pursuers 
came  dire»^tly  into  the  snare.  "The  militia,"  Gen.  Harmer  said,  "shamefully 
and  cowardly  threw  away  their  arms  and  ran,  withoi't  scarcely  firing  a  gun ;" 
and  thus  the  regulai's  were  left  to  fight  the  whole  force  of  the  Indians,  vviiich 
could  not  have  been  less  than  a  thousand  warriors ;  and  it  is  matter  of  sur- 
prise how  even  seven  of  the  w  bites  should  have  escaped. 

This  defeat  was  on  the  17  Ot  lober;  and  the  next  day  Harmer  arrived  with 
the  main  body  at  the  Great  Miami  village,  having  lost  several  of  his  scouting 
parties  on  his  march.  Among  these  was  Sergeant  Johonnet,  who  publisl .  d 
a  narrative  of  his  captivity,  after  his  escape,  which  is  one  of  the  most  intercut, 
ing  ol"  the  kind. 

We  ai'e  at  great  loss  to  account  for  the  movements  the  general  next  made. 
Why  he  began  a  retreat  without  any  further  operations,  it  is  difiicult  to  see. 
Perliaps  he  had  decided  in  his  own  mind  that  any  further  efforts  would  be 
useless,  and,  without  holding  a  council  of  his  officers,  had  determined  to  re- 
turn home.  If  such  was  his  resolution,  and  had  he  kept  it,  he  would  have 
saved  many  valuable  lives,  if  he  had  lost  his  reputation ;  yet,  as  the  case 
turned,  he  not  only  lost  his  reputation,  but  what  was  of  far  greater  moment 
to  the  country,  many  valuable  lives  with  it. 

Whether  conscious  that  he  was  grossly  reprehensible  for  what  he  had 
done,  or  not,  we  can  only  infer  the  fact  from  the  circumstances ;  for  he  gives 
us  no  journal  of  his  marches  from  place  to  place,  and  we  next  find  him  about 
8  miles  on  his  way  home,  on  the  evening  of  21  October.  Here  he  made  a 
stand,  and  again  detached  Col.  Hardin,  with  about  400  men,  of  whom  (JO  only 
were  regulars,  with  orders  to  return  to  the  Great  Miami  village,  which,  it 
seemed,  the  general  had  already  been  informed,  was  in  possession  of  the 
Indians,  and  to  bring  on  an  engagement  with  them.  Under  Col.  Harden 
went,  at  this  time,  Maj.  Wyllys  of  Connecticut,  Maj.  Fontaine,  Maj.  McMul- 
len,  and  Col.  Hall.  They  marched  in  the  course  of  the  same  night,  and 
about  day,  on  the  22d,  came  to  the  village  in  four  divisions,  to  each  of  which 
was  assigned  a  different  j)oint  of  attack.  They  did  not  find  the  Indians  un- 
prepared ;  but  were  met  by  them  with  a  braveiy  and  valor  not  to  be  over- 
come. Hy  one  account,  it  is  said  the  fight  lasted  three  hours ;  that,  during  it, 
Maj.  McMullen  drove  a  party  of  the  Indians  into  the  Miami.  Maj.  Wyllys, 
with  about  60  men,  was  cut  off"  by  a  band  of  warriors,  who  came  upon  him 
in  the  rear,  under  cover  of  a  field  of  thick  hazels.  Maj.  Fontaine,  having 
ordered  his  men  to  retreat,  himself,  "  in  a  frenzy  of  courage,"  rode  directly 
back  into  the  thickest  of  the  enemy,  "cutting  and  slashing,"  till  he  was 
wounded,  and  carried  off'  by  two  of  his  men  ;  but  he  was  overtaken,  killed, 
and  scalped.  Maj.  Wyllys  was  left  mortally  wounded.  He  requested  to  be 
helped  upon  his  horse,  "  that  he  might  give  them  another  charge ;  but,  in  the 


Chap.  XIV.] 


ACTION  NEAR  FORT  RECOVERY. 


191 


at  Vie  had 
)i-  lie  gives 
liini  almiit 
he  made  a 
)ni  00  only 
,  which,  it 
/ion  of  the 
ol.  Harden 
aj.  McMul- 
uight,  and 
h  of  which 
Indians  un- 
lo  be  over- 
[t,  durins  it, 

aj.  Wyhys, 

upon  him 
line,  having 
,de  directly 
kill  he  was 
kkcn,  killed, 
lested  to  he 
but,  in  the 


hurry  of  the  retreat,  it  could  not  be  done;"  and  Lieut  Frothinghain,  of  his 
coniinand,  was  left  among  the  slain. 

A  retreat  was  made  in  tolerable  order;  and  because  the  whites  were  not 

Jmrsued,  Harmer  pretended  to  claim  a  victory!    Hut  Indians  will   never 
eave  plunder  to  pursue  a  flying  foe,  who  has  left  all  behind  him. 

There  fell  in  this  miserably  conducted  expedition,  214  men,  of  whom  183 
were  killed  in  battle,  and  Ml  wounded  ;  several  of  these  died  of  their  wounds. 
The  proportion  of  oflicers  was  very  great;  besides  those  already  named,  tiiere 
were  lost,  Capts.  Tharp,  Scott,  and  McMutrey ;  Lieuts.  Sanders,  VVorloy, 
Clark,  and  Rogers;  Ensigns  Sweet,  Bridges,  Arnold,  Higgins,  and  Tlirel- 
keld. 

On  reviewing  the  conduct  of  Gen.  Harmer  in  this  affair,  it  would  seem 
that  he  was  either  crazy,  or  utterly  devoid  of  judgment.  It  uuist  have  been 
apparent  to  every  subaltern  of  his  command,  that  the  first  battle  with  the 
Indians  had  not  only  increased  their  boldness,  but  their  numbers  also.  Then, 
at  the  very  time,  the  troops  are  marched  off'  the  ground,  leaving  them  in  full 
triumph  ;  and  when  at  a  safe  distance  from  danger,  a  fifth  part  is  sent  back 
into  tli(!  very  jaws  of  destruction.  With  these  glaring  facts  in  full  view,  it  is 
ditiicult  to  comiirehend  on  what  ground  a  court  martial  could  ftonorabhj  ex- 
onerate Gen.  Harmer  of  all  blame ;  nor  is  it  any  easier  to  discover  how  he 
could  have  been  acquitted  of  unofficerlike  conduct  with  honor. 

In  the  battles  with  the  Indians  during  this  ex[)edition,  many  of  them  fought 
on  horseback,  having  their  horses  e<piipped  with  a  bunch  of  bells  hanging 
down  the  left  side  of  their  lieads,  and  two  narrow  strijis  of  red  and  white 
cloth  as  a  sort  of  pendants.  The  Indians  themselves  were  painted  red  and 
black,  in  a  manner  "to  represent  infernal  spirits."  Their  most  hideous  and 
terrific  appearance,  added  to  the  noise  of  the  bells  and  the  flajiping  of  the 
pendent  strips  of  cloth,  rendered  them  so  formidable  to  the  horses  of  the 
militia,  that  they  shrunk  liack  in  dismay,  and  it  was  with  the  greatest  diffi- 
culty they  could  be  brought  to  the  charge. 

The  accounts  of  Harmer's  campaign  are  of  the  most  conflicting  character, 
no  two  agreeing  in  its  important  details.  His  official  account  of  it  is  one  of 
the  most  meagre  documents  of  the  kind  to  be  found  any  where.  The  most 
we  can  learn  from  it  is,  that  he  had  been  somewhere  to  fight  Indians,  and 
liad  got  back  again  to  Fort  Washington,  and  had  lost  183  men.  But  where, 
or  when,  or  how  it  was  done,  he  has  left  us  to  conjecture.  Judge  Marshall 
has  unaccountably  placed  it  under  1791,  and  Shallus,  who  is  generally  to  be 
relied  on,  places  his  march  from  Fort  Washington,  and  all  his  battles  (which, 
by  the  way,  he  never  fought  any)  under  the  date  of  30  September. 

I  am  aware  that  this  account  of  Harmer's  campaign  differs  considerably 
from  those  before  printed,  but  the  main  facts  were  long  since  obtained  from 
persons  engaged  in  it,  and  may  be  received  as  substantially  correct. 

The  next  prominent  event  in  western  history  occurred  during  the  cam- 
paign of  Gen.  Wayne,  and  has  been  referred  to  as  the  action  near  Fort 
Recovery. 

Fort  Recovery  was  so  named  because  it  was  built  on  the  ground  where 
Gen.  St.  Clair  had  been  defeated  ;  and  hence  that  ground  was  recovered  out  of 
the  hands  of  the  savages.  This  fort  became  immediately  very  noted  in 
history,  from  a  bloody  battle  fought  in  its  vicinity,  on  the  30th  of  June,  17i)4. 

Fort  Recovery  was  one  of  those  advanced  posts  upon  which  Gk;n.  Wayne 
depended,  in  the  event  of  his  being  obliged  to  retreat  out  of  the  Indian 
countrj',  upon  any  unforeseen  disaster.  It  was  on  a  small  branch  of  the 
Wabash,  (mi.staken  by  Gen.  St  Clair  for  the  St  Mary's,)  about  23  miles  from 
Greenville,  and  about  80  or  90  from  Fort  Washington,  (Cincinnati,)  and  is 
upon  the  southern  border  of  Mercer  county,  Oiiio,  not  3  miles  from  tin;  line 
dividing  Ohio  from  Indiana.  It  had  been  built  in  the  winter  of  1793,  and  in 
June,  1794,  the  general  ordered  a  quantity  of  provisions  to  be  deposited  there, 
as  a  link  in  the  chain  of  his  supplies.  It  was  not  until  the  29th  of  this  month 
that  a  convoy  was  ready  to  proceed  thither  from  Fort  Greenville. 

Meanwhile  two  distinguished  Indian  chiefs,  with  a  finv  followers,  had 
marched  for  Fort  Recovery,  to  learn  what  th(iy  could,  in  the  way,  of  the 
vicinity  of  the  enemy.    These  two  chiefs  were  named  Capt.  Underwood, 


i;"iu  I 


i 


192 


ACTION  NEAR  FORT  RECOVERY. 


[Book  V. 


and  Capt.  Bobb  Sai-lad  ;  the  former  a  Chikosaw,  and  the  latter  a  Clioctaw. 
Tlicy  i>eHbrijied  tlieir  H(!rvice  iuiththlly,  uiid  arrived  at  Rucoveiy  tlic  Name 
evening  tliat  tlie  convoy  did,  but  whether  before  or  alter,  is  not  mentioned ; 
yet  the  value  of  their  service  upon  this  occasion  was  lost  irum  want  of  a 
proper  arrangement;  for  on  hailing  tlie  fort,  they  were  take-i  lor  tlie  ( iit!i,iv, 
and  speaking  a  different  laiiguage  from  the  western  Inflians,  could  niukc  im 
communication  to  those  within,  and  hence  were  obliged  to  retire  witji  uiorti- 
fication.  They  were  prepared  to  conununicate  the  imjjortant  intcHifrcnce, 
that  "a  large  army  "  of  Indians  was  hovering  about  the  Ibit,  and  were  to  he 
expected  inuriediately  to  attack  it  It  was  discovered  afterwards,  that  tiic 
Indians  had  learned  the  weakness  of  the  garrison,  and  determined  on  carry- 
ing it  by  storm,  thus  proving  the  value  of  the  information  which  was  lost ; 
the  important  post,  Recovery,  being  then  defended  by  but  about  JOO  nitsn, 
under  Capt.  Gibson.  Of  these,  30  were  inlimtry,  imder  the  iinniediatc  coih- 
mand  of  Lieut.  Drake,  who,  in  the  battle  which  followed,  acted  a  most  con- 
s])icuous  part. 

The  onnvcy  consisted  of  300  pack-horses,  80  riflemen  under  Cajit.  Harts- 
horn, and  50  dragoons  under  Capt.  Tiylor;  the  whole  under  Major  J,  McMa- 
HON.  They  arrived  the  same  evening  at  their  place  of  destination,  without 
accident.  On  the  morning  of  the  last  day  of  June,  as  the  convoy  was  about 
to  resume  its  return  march,  it  was  fiercely  attacked  by  a  numerous  body  of 
Indians,  3,000  or  upwards,  as  was  afterwards  ascertained.  Previous  to  march- 
ing, die  pack-horsemen  had  sjiread  themselves  along  their  road,  and  were 
grazing  their  horses,  and  some  were  nearly  a  mile  from  the  Ibrt  when  tiie 
onset  begim.  On  hearing  the  firing,  Major  McMahon,  su[)posing  the  Indians 
but  few,  took  only  the  50  dragoons,  and  pushed  forward  lo  the  point  of  attack. 
Near  the  extrem'ty  of  the  line  of  pack-horses,  he  found  himself  almost  en- 
compassed by  Ii..lians,  who,  showing  themselves  of  a  Kudden,  seemed  to 
cover  the  ground  for  a  great  distance.  With  their  deafening  yells  they  jmurcd 
an  incessant  fire  upon  the  devoted  band  with  deadly  eftect.  Among  tlie  first 
killed  was  the  commander,  who  was  shot  dead  livm  his  horse.  Cai)t.  Taylor, 
with  the  remainder  of  the  trooj)s,  came  immediately  *')  the  rescue,  but  finding 
Inmself  surrounded  by  the  great  numbers  of  the  enemy,  endeavored  to  cut 
his  retreat  tlirough  them,  and  was  likewise  slain,  as  v/as  also  Cornet  Teiiy. 
Capt.  Hartshorn,  who  commanded  the  riflemen,  received  a  s'vere  wound  in 
the  knee,  and  notwithstanding  lie  was  carried  some  distance  by  his  men,  lie 
was  finally  overtaken  and  killed.  They  gained  an  emuience  and  continued 
the  fight. 

In  the  meantime  the  remnant  of  dragoons  and  other  fugitives  had  gained 
the  cleared  ground  adjacent  to  the  Ibrt,  and  were  contending  at  mosst  tearful 
odds  with  their  victorious  enemy.  Seeing  their  desperate  situation,  Cajit. 
Gibson  permittetl  Lieut.  Drake,  at  his  own  request,  to  make  u  sally  from  the 
fort  in  aid  of  his  companions.  "  He  accordingly  sallied  out,  at  the  head  of 
his  own  men  and  a  portion  of  the  riflemen,  skilfully  interposed  his  detach- 
ment bet^veen  the  retreating  troo[)s  and  the  enemy,  opened  upon  them  a  hot 
fire,  arrested  their  advance,  and  thus  gave  an  opportunity  to  the  wounded  to 
effect  their  escape,  and  to  the  broken  and  retreating  comj)anies  to  reform  and 
again  to  face  the  enemy.  Throughout  the  whole  affair,  Drake's  activity,  skill, 
and  extraordinary  seif-possession,  were  most  conspicuous.  The  enemy  ob- 
sciTcd  it  as  well  as  his  friends^  The  numerous  shots  directed  at  hi/n,  how- 
ever, were  turned  aside  by  {jrovidential  interlerence,  until  he  had  acconi- 
Elished  all  that  he  had  been  sent  to  perform.  He  then  received  a  ball  thiough 
is  body  and  fell ;  a  faithful  corporal  came  to  his  assisUmce,  and  with  his  aid 
he  reached  the  fort ;  and  those  two  were  the  last  of  the  retreating  party  that 
entered  it — Drake  making  it  a  point  of  honor  that  it  should  be  so."  * 

Lieut.  Drake  was  not  mortally,  though  very  Puverely  wounded,  but  never  en- 
tirely recovered.  He  returned  home  to  Connecticut  in  the  smnmer  of  1796,  on 
a  furlough,  and  died  there  shortly  after,  from  the  immediate  effects  of  the  yellow 

*  From  a  communication  of  oiii-  prosoiit  worlliv  cliief  magistrate,  Gen.  Harrison,  by 
whirh  ho  illustrated  in  the  most  happy  manner,  tlinl  it  was  no  proof  of  cowardice  foi  an 
officer  to  decline  fiffhting'  a  duel ;  Drake  having  before  refused  to  accept  a  challenge  from, 
notwithstanding  he  had  been  gro«rly  insulted  by,  another  officer. 


Chap.  XV.] 


EXPLOITS   AT   FORT  RFXOVERY. 


193 


fisvcr,  it  is  said,  whicli  lio  liiiil  (iontnicUMl  in  piis.-fiiig  tliroiijfli  Pliiliidclpliia,  in 
liis  way.  Tlu)  hravo  (Japt.  Ilartsliorii,  as  I'as  liciiii  inciitioiR'd,  was  wounded, 
and  coidd  not  tn.vcl.  Hi;  if(|ii('Ht(ul  liis  men  to  leave!  iiini  and  talus  rare  ol" 
themselves,  and  i  nmediately  a  liritish  otlicer  (the  notorions  (Japt.  iM'Kee) 
(•am(!  to  him,  aiui  told  him  to  sniTenocr  and  he  shonid  he  well  treatcsd.  But 
lie  had  determined  never  to  l;i!l  alive  into  the  hands  ol"  the  Indians,  and  at 
ihe  same  moment  aimed  a  hlow  at  IM'Kee  with  his  rille,  whieh  knocked  hini 
olt'his  horse;  and  he'/ore  he  recovered,  his  nejjrro  servaiiC  and  an  Indian  were 
upon  Capt.  Ilartslioni,  ;md  had  despatched  him.  Lieut.  Marks,  of  (^apt.  llarts- 
liorn's  eomiAiny,  was  snrronnded  and  alone.  Me  Ibiij^ht,  and  ke|)t  oil' tla; 
Indians  with  his  s[)onto()n  until  it  was  hrokeii  to  |)i(!C('s,  and  tluni  jninpiii<; 
over  the  heads  of  some,  and  knocking  down  wifii  his  list  one  that  had  taken 
him  prisoner,  esca|)e(l. 

In  this  protracted  and  desperate  fight,  2.5  ni'  the  Americans  were  killed  and 
40  wonn(ied,  and  all  the  pack-hors(!s  lost;  on  many  of  which  the  Indians  con- 
veyed away  their  dead  and  woimded;  hut  tlafir  actual  loss  was  never  known. 
Several  other  American  offic-ers  deserve;  es|tecial  notice; ;  as  Ensign  Dodd  of 
Lieut.  Drake's  connnand,  and  Lieut.  Michaed  of  Capt.  Hartshorn's.  Michael 
had  heeii  detached  with  a  chosen  jmrty,  all  of  whom  were  killed  hut  three  ; 
liimself  esca[iing  in  a  similar  maimer  to  that  of  Lieut.  Marks.  The  Indians 
closely  l)(;sieged  the  fort  all  that  day  and  night,  and  the  next  day  till  ahout 
noon,  when  they  drew  off.  The  Indians  displayed  great  hravery,  often  ad- 
vancing in  solirl  colunm  within  the  range  of  the  guns  of  the  fort.* 

Tiic  wei. -known  chiefs,  Little  Turtle  and  Blue  Jacket,  were  among 
the  foremost  leaders  of  the  Indians  m  this  hattle.  Of  Ca})t.  Underwood,  we 
have  no  further  account ;  hut  the  seepiel  of  the  life  of  his  com|)aiiion  is  soon 
told.  He  had  ahout  this  time  been  s(!nt  upon  an  excursion,  aifd  meeting  with 
a  ])arty  of  the  enemy,  deleated  them  ;  pursued  one  into  tlio  midst  of  a  large 
encampment,  where  he  despatched  him ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  lost  his 
own  lire. 

There  were,  in  Gen.  Wayne's  army,  20  warriors  out  of  the  tribe  of  Chok- 
taws.  PioMiNGo,  who  had  I—en  with  St.  Clair,  was  also  of  the  miml)er.  He 
is  believed  to  have  been  the  name,  alterwards  called  Gva\.  Colburt,  in  which 
suggestion,  if  .e  are  correct,  lie  was  the  son  of  a  Scottish  gentleman  by  an 
Indian  woman,  wliose  father  was  killed  in  an  affair  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Ohio,  in  1781.  His  services  under  Gen.  St.  (JIair  have  been  touched  upon  ; 
and  for  those  under  Gen.  Washington,  he  received  a  sword,  and  a  commission 
of  major;  and  Gen.  Jackson  gave  him  a  sword  also,  and  a  colonel's  commis- 
sion. Having  been  always  in  the  interest  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  he  sii[»})orted  the  emigration  ])rinciple ;  and  that  his  example  might 
have  weight,  he  went  himself  to  Arkansas,  in  ISJG,  with  the  Ridge  party. 
Rut  his  years  there  were  few,  as  doubtless  they  must  have  been  in  the  land 
of  his  nativity,  for  in  1839  he  had  attained  his  ;)5th  year,  which  ended  his 
earthly  career.    He  died  there  in  November  of  that  year. 

PioMiNGO  was  a  true  Indian.  His  men  having  taken  a  prisoner  wiio  had 
been  engaged  in  St.  Clair's  defeat,  he  ordered  him  to  iiTimediate  execution ; 
and  that  no  warrior  should  be  disgraced  liy  the  act,  an  old  man  was  ap- 
pointed to  shoot  him.     He  had  joined  Gen.  St.  Clair's  army  with  21  men. 


i,/5 


9i^ilC 


CHAPTER  ^V. 

EVENTS    OF    THE    INDIAN    WAR    OF    1763    AND    1764,    ON    THE    OHIO. 

Stp.fre  of  Fort  Pitt — Mhj  defended  hy  Capt.  Ecuyer — Col.  TTenrij  Bouquet  ordered  to 
march  to  its  relief — Extreme  danger  of  the  undertaking — Throws  succor  into  Fort 

*  1  liave  been  thus  circuinstaiUial  in  dotailinj!;  Ihis  imporinnl  event  in  oiir  Indian  wars,  be- 
cause it  lias  not  been  (!one  by  any  writer;  several  liave,  however,  noticed  it,  l)nt  their  ac- 
counts are  very  incomplotc.  My  cliiof  authorities  are,  "A  LcUer  dat'-'l  at  Fort  Greenville,  four 
daus  after  the  battle,"  The  Western  Review,  and  \Vilher's  Chronirles. 

17 


194 


noUQUET'S  EXPEDITION-SIKGE  OF  FORT  PITT.         [Rook  V. 


Uffonir.r,  (IS  ilnr.t  Ciifit.  Ovnnv — Fort  nrilfcrd  hr.sirirril — Hatti.k  of  Brswv  Run 
— y]  second  hfittfr — End  of  t lie  rani/iiiiirn — .'In.  armij  raisiil  for  inii'iliir—L'ol.  Ituu- 
f/iiH  rom  wands  il — Col.  liriidstriit  to  ronprrale  bij  the  lulus — Indians  comiiUtelii 
subdued  and  sue  for  peacr — .Surr  nder  2()G  cuptiocs. 

"VViistHUnl  till'   wnvrii  of  |iu|>uliiti(in  .nil, 
J.iki'  llin  will!  |i\r.'iiniil  <it'  iivv  I'lil  lliiini', 
Swcc'iiiiii;  till'  hr  ttci  prairli!  williiiiil  lontriil, 
Urt(<'(i  \<y  tiorce  tuinpoali  whiuli  no  iiiiglit  cnii  tiiino." 

In  tliis  elmpter  it  is  proiKwed  to  <I(!tail  tlioso  i'vcntw  of  I'oiitiiik's  war  not 
botorc  particularly  i'()ii."<i<lt'r(Mi.  Wv  liavt;  seen  tin;  tcniiiiiatioii  of  the  sicfrc  of 
Detroit,  and  wo  will  now  retiini  into  tlio  distant  soiitii,  to  anoilicr  licsicircd 
Ibrt,  upon  tlii;  Ohio,  named  I'itt,  in  iionor  of  tiit;  <:ii'at  stattsiiian,  Wii.i.iam 
Pitt.  Jt  iiad  l»cen  closely  invested  l()r  many  days,  wlien  INtnliak  ^'nvc  up 
tli(!  s\('<ic  cl"  Detroit,  and  all  coiiimimication  was  cut  otriitini  it,  wliin  an  oiilt  r 
was  jriveii  for  an  uttem|Jt  to  throw  sn|)plies  into  it  hy  niareliinj!;  thron<r|i  tlie 
wilderness.  This  fort  stood  upon  ii  narrow  tonjiut!  ot  land  iiukIc  liy  tlu;  coii- 
fluenee  of  the  Monoiifijalielu  with  the  Ohitt,  and  sncli  was  llii:  holdui'ss  nl"  tlie 
Indians  iliat  "they  had  ])oste<l  themselves  nnder  the  hanks  ol'  liolh  rivers,  hy 
tilt!  very  walls  of  the  lort,  and  eontinned,  iS  it  wtne,  hnried  there,  tioin  diiv  to 
day,  wiili  ustonisliing  ])atience  ;  pouring  m  an  ineessant  storm  of  miiskeiry 
and  tiro  arrows;"  l)y  which  they  liad  couiued  upon  starving  or  hurninjr  out  tit 
leiiirth  the  heloaffuered  garrison. 

Fort  I'itt  was  connnanded  by  Capt.  Ecuyor,  an  officer  wiio  did  himself 
lunch  credit  on  the  occasion.  Cor  he  had  not  only  the  wily  cliiels  of  iiiriv  haKiis 
oi'  savages  to  provide  against,  hut  tlu?  tlood-^ates  of  heaven  had  been  opencl 
against  him;  by  v.hicJ)  the  swollen  rivers  had  nearly  (lestroy<!il  the  fonndation 
of  his  Ibrtress.  lie  v/as  200  miles,  by  iusy  travelled  path,  from  all  settlements, 
and  could  send  no  account  of  his  distressed  condition  beyond  the  walls  of 
the  lort. 

(jJ<!n.  Amherst  was  acquainted  with  the  fate  of  some  of  tiio  out|)osts,  and  lie 
Jiad  thrown  succors  into  J)etroit;  but  whether  Fort  Pitt  was  in  the  hands  ol'tlie 
Indians  or  the  Fnglish,  there  was  nothing  beyond  conjecture.  Huch  was  the 
condition  of  things  wlien  he  magnanimously  (h'termined  fo  send  a  Ibrce  to  its 
reliei;  He  had  only  the  shattered  remainder  of  the  -I'^d  and  77th  regiiiieiits, 
jus'  returned  from  the  West  Inditis,  that  he  could  span;  l()r  the  enterprise,  j.nd 
it  Wi.s  ha/arding  not  a  little  to  attempt  it  with  men  worn  down  with  hard  ser- 
vice and  discas(!;  when  those  in  liigli  spirits  and  sound  liculth  could  scarcely 
hope  to  pass  I'raddock's  liital  fields  with  saii'ty. 

Tlie  forces  destined  lor  tla;  exi)edition  were  ordered  to  rendezvous  at  Car- 
lisle in  Pennsylvania,  and  Col.  Henry  IJouquET  was  appointed  to  lead  tliein. 
Melancholy  fitrehodings  occu|)ieti  the  minds  of  tlu^  irontier  inhabitants ;  a 
great  numl)er  of  plantations  had  biicn  plundered  and  burnt,  mills  desti  .etl, 
"and  tlie  Hill  ri|i(!  crops  stood  waving  in  the  fields,  ready  1()r  the  sickle,  hut 
the  rcsapers  were  not  to  be  Ibund."  IJut  about  500  efiective  men  were  nil  that 
the  colonel  could  count  u|)on,  and  it  was  fearcid  that  tiny  would  meet  with  a 
defeat,  which  would  leavis  the  inhabitants  in  a  vastly  worse  condition  than  if 
the  cxjKMlition  had  not  been  undertaken.  And  such  was  t'le  despondency  of 
the  people,  that,  notwithstanding  a  deposit  of  piovisicrs  had  been  ordert'd  at 
Carlisle  early  in  the  season,  wiien  (.^»l.  Houcpiet  arrived  there  in  July,  lie  Ibiitid 
nothing  had  !)eeu  done;  and  instead  of  finding  supplies  (()r  his  men,  he  tbiiiid 
the  wretched  inhabitants  expe<;ting  them  of  him,  and  In;  actually  hestowcd 
some  upon  them  out  of  his  own  stores.  Yet  in  spite  of  these  discouragements, 
he  was  ready,  in  about  (>igliteen  days,  to  trke  up  his  lire  of  march. 

Meanwhile,  l'\)rt  Ligonic'r,  fiu' advanced  into  tlie  ^^il(ll  rness,  anc',  west  of'lio 
All(;ghany  Mountains,  was  in  the  grejitest  danjrer  oi'  lalling  into  the  hands  of 
the  (iidians,  and  all  lu'rte  was  made  by  C(;l.  I'oiupiet  to  reach  it  with  the  army 
to  previiut  such  a  ci  tastrophe.  This  was  of  especial  importance,  inasnnicli 
as  that  (brt  contained  a  large  (piantity  of  military  stores,  and  was  in  a  ruinous 
condition,  as  well  as  weakly  garrisoned,  notwitiistanding  two  other  snaill  forts 
Jiad  been  abandoned  to  stn^ngthen  it ;  namely,  one  "at  the  crossings  of  the 
Juniata,"  and  the  other  at  Stony  Creek. 


Chap.  XV] 


UATTI.i:  OF  UUSIIV   RUN. 


105 


Not  hciiiir  able  to  iiw/cli  willi  tin-  main  hoi'.y  iistHooii  iw  lio  (looiiuul  it  ueceH- 
Hiuy,  (Jt)i.  I>iiti(|iict  (li'tcnniiicd  lo  mikI  thirty  iiicii  in  advanc*'  tliroii^di  tliu 
woods  to  join  tlir  j^arrison.  "  i'or  an  olycct  ol'  llial  ini|ioilan('r,  tncry  risk 
was  to  i)('  rnn,"  it  was  said  ;  and  lliry  set  onl  on  tiicir  lia.  irdons  jonint'y  \sitli 
Htnall  hopes  Ij'oni  tiicir  fricnils.  (.'oinrary  to  wiiat  nii;:lit  iiavc  hciMi  rxpt'cK  d, 
as  well  as  lornitM'  cxiairicnco,  this  litth;  haial  snf('t'rdt'<l,  hy  lurccd  niarclics, 
without  hfiiii,' discovcfod  hy  the  Inihans,  until  tiu'V  liad  ij;ot  within  sijiiil  oflho 
till*  hy  throwin^r  thcnis  I.  's  into  it;  and  aithon;:h  liri'd  n|)on,  cscajit'd  luiiii- 
jiircd.  Tiicir  having;  hccn  anticl|tatcd,  iiowcvci',  in  tiicir  h(  iicvolcnt  .,ork, 
detracts  not!iiii;(  li-oin  tlic  lionor  ol' its  perliirinaiicc  ;  nor  is  ("apt.  Oinry  tho 
less  to  lie  connncndcd  liir  liasin;;-  enroiira^icd  twenty  vohintoers  to  march  Ironi 
l''ort  IJedlord,  wlicrt;  lie  cuinmanded,  upon  the  same  dillicult  service.  Tli(\so 
Tew  hrave  woodsmen  nit^t  witli  a  success  proportioiiafo  to  their  coiiragi;. 
"Here  tlie  distressed  linnilies,  scattered  liir  twilve  or  lil'teen  miles  uruuiid, 
th'd  liir  protection,  leaviniL;  most  ol'tiieir  elli-cts  a  prey  to  tlie  .savu^'cs." 

Fort  Medtiwd  was  as  closely  invcsttid  as  l/ijionier ;  ami  ahoiit  this  time  ti 
P'lrty  ol"eii,'ht(!t,n  men  wen;  s;n-|»rised  in  its  very  iieii;hhorliood  and  all  cut  otll 
'Ihis  lia|)i)eiuHl  hut  a  few  days  previous  to  the  arrival  of  V-o\.  Hompiet  at  that 
place,  which  was  on  the  "25  .Inly,  lli'ii.  Fort  lledtiird  was  lUO  miles  luiyoiul 
the  Irontier,  and  the  same  .iistance  from  F  it  Pitt. 

As  soon  as  the  Indians  hecame  aciinainted  with  tin;  march  of  the  l'^n<;lisli 
army,  they  broke  up  the  siei;e  oi  l''ort  l'itt,and  proceeded  to  waylay  the  rontu 
they  knew  it  must  take.  There  wen;  many  liirmidable  leaders  anioiij;  tlicni 
at  this  period,  as  KiKVusKiNii,  the  W'oi.k,  J)elawari;  chiefs;  but  the  most 
t;:ivaf;e  and  dreaded  wert;  Shawanose,  vvho.se  names  iiave  not  reached  us. 
The  colonel  marched  li'oin  Fort  JJedliird  on  the  '2S  July,  luul  liavinj;  to  |)ass 
several  diinjferous  iletiles,  he  prudently  determined  to  leave  his  wagons  and 
proceed  only  rtith  pack-horses.  Turtle  Creek,  alouf.'  wliich  he  was  to  pass, 
was  commanded  tlie  whole  way  by  hifrh  aial  crajrffy  hills.  This  place  ho 
intended  to  have  jJasi'HMl  on  the  ni^iit  of  liie '->!). Inly,  by  a  liirced  march, thereby, 
if  possible,  to  have  eluded  the  vijjilaiice  of  liis  wily  adversary;  but  this  he 
was  i."it  able  to  effeiit ;  and  we  will  jrive,  in  his  own  words,  (Jol.  Houipiet's 
account  ot'  the  attack  iiuide  upon  his  men  on  their  march.  His  otficial  de- 
spatch was  dated  at  Edge  Hill,  twenty-six  miles  bom  Fort  Pitt,  5  August,  17(i;J ; 
uud  is  as  follows  : — 

"  The  2(1  instant  the  troojjs  and  convoy,  intemkul  l()r  Fort  Pitt,  arrived  at 
Ligonier,  where  1  coiild  obtain  no  intelligence  of  the  enemy;  the  expresses 
sent  since  the  b.'ginning  of  July,  having  Inivn  either  kilhid,  or  obliged  to 
return,  all  the  passes  being  occupied  b_>  the  enemy.  On  the  4tli,  proceeded 
with  the  troo|)s,  and  about  IJ40  liorses  laden  with  Hour.  1  intended  to  have 
halted  to-day  at  IJusiiy  Run,  u  mile  beyond  this  (;amp,  ami,  alk-r  Jiaving 
refreshed  the  men  and  horse.s,  to  have  marched  in  the  night  over  Turtle- 
Cre(;k,  a  \vvy  dangerous  defile  ot  .several  miles,  commanded  by  high  and 
eraifgy  hills ;  hut  at  one  o'clock  this  atternoon,  after  a  march  of  seventeiMi  miles, 
the  savages  siKhlenly  attacked  our  advancetl  guard,  which  was  imiiu;diately 
re[)ulsed  by  the  two  light  inlantry  companies  of  the  4'2d  regiment,  who  drove 
till!  savages  from  their  ambiiscad*.',  and  pursued  tlaMii  a  good  way.  They 
immediately  returned  to  the  attack,  and  the  (ire  being  obstinate  on  our  front, 
and  cxteiKfing  along  our  flanks,  we  made  a  general  charge  with  the  whole 
line,  to  dislodge  the  savages  ti'om  the  1 -"ights;  in  which  attemjit  we  suc- 
ceeded, though  without  obtaining  by  it  an_>  decisive  advantage;  for  as  soon 
as  they  were  driven  from  one  post,  they  appeared  on  another,  till,  by  continual 
rcenfcvcements,  they  were  at  last  able  to  surround  us,  and  attack  the  convoy 
left  in  our  rear.  This  obliged  us  to  man^h  back  to  protect  it.  Tlie  action  then 
became  general,  and  thoiigh  we  wen;  iittacked  on  every  side,  and  the  savages 
exerted  themselves  with  uncommon  resolution,  they  were  constantly  repulsed 
with  loss.  We  also  suffered  considerably:  Capt.  J/ieut.  (irahani  and  Lieut. 
M'Intosh  are  killed,  and  Ca])t.  (Jraham  woimded.  Of  the  Royal  American 
regiment,  Lieut.  Dow,  who  acted  as  deputy  (jiiartermaster-general,  is  shot 
tlhoiigh  the  body.  Of  the  77tli,  Lieut.  Donald  Campbell,  and  Mr.  Peebles,  a 
voltmteer,  are  woimded;  in  all,  a'nove  sixty  are  killed  and  wounded.  The 
action  lias  lasted  from  one  o'clock  till  night,  and  we  expect  to  begin  again  at 
daybreak." 


^! 


19G 


noUQURTS  ST'fOM)  EXrP.DITION. 


[Hook  V. 


Thus  elided  lite  firHt  l)i.(tle  "iienr  lliisliy  Willi,"  iind  Itotli  iirinie.s  were  deter- 
iniiieil  on  iiiKitlier  ns  <{utu  as  they  emild  distiii^'iiisli  friend  rroiii  I'ne,  it  the 
earliest  return  ol"  dayiijiht.  Aeeordin^dy,  "  in  liie  iiMirnin;.',"  says  <'(i|.  Hon. 
•inet,  "the  snviip's  snrronnded  our  eam|i,  at  (he  distaiiee  ol' aliont  TiOU  yiirds, 
and  hy  shoiilinv;  mid  yel|iin<r  i|Mite  round  that  e\teiisi\e  einiinili'ieiiee,  thoii;^ht 
to  have  territii  il  lis  witli  tlieir  iiinnlie"  :  they  attaeked  ns  early,  and  niMier 
fiivor  of  an   iiieessaiit  tire,  made  neve,  uld  etlia'ts  to  |ienelrate  our  enin|); 

iind  thonirh  they  liiiled  in  the  atteni|it,  tnatioii  uiis  not  the  less  perjilex. 

iiijr,  haviiif;  exiierieneed  that  lirisk  attack-  little  elli  it  iipon  an  eneni\  uIm» 

always  f;ii\e  way  when  jtressed,  and  appeared  ajraiii  ininii'diatejy :  onr  iroo|i,< 
were,  besides,  e.\tremciy  (iitifrned  with  the  lonj;  niareji,  and  as  ion;;-  action  of 
tli((  preceding  iliiy,  and  distressed  to  the  last  def{ree  hy  a  total  want  of  water, 
rniicli  more  intolerable  than  the  enemy's  (ire," 

Such  was  tiie  eommeneemeiit  ol'  the  second  battle  near  IJiisby  linn;  at 
tills  stap'  of  which  many  had  iieeii  killed  and  wounded,  and  some  liad  liillen 
into  the  Indians'  hands.  Nothin;.'  seemed  to  be  friiined,  but  every  tiling'  wore 
an  iinliivorable  aspect.  Tied  to  tlieir  convoy,  the  whites  could  neither  pursue 
the  toe  nor  continue  their  iiiarcli,  and  many  of  their  horses  were  killed,  and 
their  drivers  had  taken  refiifje  in  the  woods.  At  leni^tb  the  colonel  put  in 
]triictice  a  stratajiem,  which  proliably  was  tlu;  only  means  he  could  liavo 
adopted  to  have  saved  his  army  from  a  total  deti-at.  lie  saw  that  the  Indians 
becaiii(>  every  moment  more  and  more  iniboldiiied,  and  to  repulse  tlieni 
ctfected  iiothini;,  wliil(>  to  him  it  would  soon  amount  to  certain  defeat ;  he 
theretiiri!  made  a  ti'ijined  retreat,  and  so  masterly  was  it  performed,  that  the 
Indians  were  completely  deceived,  and  they  pressed  Ibrward  in  a  body  troiii 
their  coverts  to  <raiii  the  centre  of  tin;  circular  encampment,  while  one  of  tli(> 
wings  of  the  army,  under  Major  Campbell,  seconded  by  t'ajit.  JJasset,  suddenly 
closed  ill  ii])on  them  from  a  ]>oiiit  of  the  hill  where  lu;  could  not  bi^  observed, 
pouring  in  at  the  siimi;  time  a  tremendous  tire,  and  then  charging  them  with 
impetuosity.  Many  of  them  were  killed,  and  though  they  retiirneil  the  fire, 
their  ardor  was  damped,  and  victory  was  no  longer  doubtful.  The  whole 
army  was  upon  them  before  they  iduhj  reload,  and  numbers  were  cut  off  by 
a  cross  fire  before  they  could  regain  their  trees. 

Th(!  battle  having  now  closed,  the  army  was  enabled  to  eiicam]i  and  take  a 
little  repose,  of  which  it  was  in  extreme  need.  On  mustering,  it  was  found 
that  115  had  been  killed,  wounded,  and  missing  of  the  regular  troops,  fifty  of 
which  were  of  the  former  number.  Of  the  Jndians  they  learned  sixty  were 
killed.  Four  days  alter  Col.  IJouipiet  arrived  at  J'ort  Pitt,  without  any  other 
accident  than  a  few  scattering  shot  fiom  imst-en  Jndians ;  and  here  he  was 
obliged  to  end  this  camjiaig.i,  not  liaving  siifKcient  f()rcc  to  inirsiie  the  enemy 
beyond  tl<e  Ohio,  nor  any  jirospect  of  a  leenfbrceineiit. 

The  next  year  it  was  determined  to  send  out  a  larger  force  tinder  the  same 
excellent  commander,  which  should  be  able  to  strike  an  (^Hi'etual  blow  u|)()ii 
the  Indians  in  their  strong-holds,  or  awe  them  into  submission.  Peiinsylva- 
iiia  was  to  raise  J,000  men;  Virginia  was  called  ii|)on,  and  200  fiiendly  Indians 
tendered  their  services.  With  these,  part  of  two  regiments  of  regulars  were 
to  be  joined,  and  the  whole  were  expectiul  at  Carlisle  ready  to  march  hy 
July ;  but  it  was  the  beginning  of  August  befiire  they  were  reatly,  and  then 
no  men  from  Virginia  appeared^ and  the  fiiendly  Indians  never  eame.  Vir- 
ginia excused  hiuself  by  sa\  ing  it  had  alr(>ady  700  men  in  tlu?  field,  and  those 
were  insufficient  to  jiroteet  its  own  frontier. 

Meanwhile,  as  soon  as  the  spring  returned,  the  Indians  fi-U  anew  upon  the 
back  settlements  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virghiia,  and  spread  a  deploraiile  ruin 
over  a  great  extent  of  countiT,  killhig  and  carrying  away  the  inhabitants  with 
their  wonted  barl)arity. 

Gen.  Gage  was  now  commander-in-chief  in  the  colonies,  and  he  ordered 
Col.  Bradstreet,  with  a  strong  force,  to  act  in  eonjunction  with  Col.  Bomiiiet, 
by  proceeding  by  way  of  the  lakes,  and  liiUing  upon  the  backs  of  the  Wyaii- 
dots,  Ottawas,  and  Miumies. 

Col.  Boucpiet  marched  from  Carlisle  on  tlie  0  August,  17(14,  and  reached 
Fort  Loudon  on  the  Itjtii.  In  this  march  of  four  days,  des(!rtions  had  become 
alarming  among  the  Pennsylvania   troops,  notwithstanding  they  had  been 


[Hook  V. 
/vrn  (lotir- 

I'lIC,  l,t    till- 

('ill.  Koii- 
noU  yartls, 
re,  lliuiiLlit 
mill  iiiidcr 
oiir  f!!iii|i ; 
ss  |M'r|tli\- 
['iit'inj  will) 

niir  triiops 

J;-   lirliDll  1)1" 

it  of  wiittr, 

liy  Kiiii;  at 
i<'luul  ralli'ii 

tliiiii,'  worn 
itliiT  piirsii(> 
•  killi'il,  ami 
lonrl  |iii1  ill 

ciiiilil  liavr 
;  tlu^  liiiliaiis 
('imlsr  llii'tu 
II  defeat ;  lu; 
lufil,  tliat  till' 

a  liDily  tVoiii 
iU«  oiir  III'  llie 
<sct,>^iiilili'iily 

In;  obscvvnl, 

njr  tlii'iii  with 

h-iiimI  till"  tin', 

Tilt"  wliiilo 

oro  flit  otl"  l)y 

np  niid  take  a 
,  it  was  li)tiiic| 
roops,  fifty  of 
iijil  sixty  were 
lout  uiiy  other 
Ihto  iio  was 
■suo  the  enemy 

liider  the  same 

mil  blow  iipun 

|i.     PiMiusylva- 

liciully  Iniliaiis 

n>ifiiiai>  were 

to  iiiareh  by 

■ally,  aii'l  t''.V» 

■r  eaiiie.    Vir- 

lieUl,  aiul  tho^e 

laiu'W  iipoii  the 
llepliirahh!  ruin 
[ihabitaiits  with 

Ind  ho  ordered 
Ji  Col.  Boiifinet, 
Is  of  the  Wyan- 

|)4,  and  reaehed 

lis  had  become 

Ithey  had  been 


CiiAr.  XV.) 


BOUQUETS  SECOND  EXPEDITION. 


197 


W'uriied,  iiDtli  liy  lilt;  coiiiiiiaiidrr  and  (•'ov.  I'eiiii,  of  the  ruin  it  would  erentn, 
uiiii  the  eiiiidii;'!!  iiiaiiiier  in  wiiieli  it  would  It.'  piini.sjied.  'Tlie  latter  pMitln- 
nian  had  aeeoiii|ianied  (<'ol.  Itiiiiipiet  to  (Jarli.sle,  and  there  ap|iropriately  ad- 
dressed the  troops  beliire  they  liepill  their  liliireli.  ,N'e\erllieless  liie  I'eniisvl- 
vania  troops  had  ileereased  Irmii  !,()()()  to  70(1  men,  and  the  eoionel  \\a>  oliiiifed 
to  apply  lo  the  ^o\eriior  and  eonimissioiiers  to  eoiiiplet>'  his  eooipleiiient. 
And  by  the  exertions  of  (iov.  I'aiKpner  of  Viri;inia,  the  ipiota  of  men  Irom 
♦Jiat  proviiiei;  wrr )  enabled  to  join  the  expedition  at  I'itlsbiir^fh. 

Ueli)ri;  leaving' Fort  London,  Col.  Itompiei  reeeived  despatches  li-om  (%i|. 
Bi.'idstreet,  aeipiainliiiir  him  that  he  had  ei<iieliided  a  peace  with  the  Dela- 
wares  and  Siiawanese  ;  but  ('ol.  hompiet  had  no  liiiili  in  their  |)reieh.-,loiis, 
and  on  conmmnicalinj^  with  (leii.  (»aj,'e,  the  treaty  was  rejected  by  him,  and 
olleiisive  measures  wen;  not  relaxed. 

As  soon  as  the  army  bad  arrived  at  I'ort  IMit,  ten  Indians  were  observed  on 
till!  noj-tli  side  of  the  Ohio,  who  sij^nilied  a  desire  lor  a  conli'rence.  'J'liis  the 
cidonel  looked  upon  as  a  ^(rata,u'<'nl  made  use  of  by  tlu-ni  to  iret  information 
of  his  sirenjrili  and  inlentions,  'I'hret;  ot"  I'.ie  \m\-\\  were  induced  to  \i>il  tho 
litrt  ;  and  not  beinj,'  able  to  sitisly  llie  whiles  of  their  ;|ood  inlentions,  they 
were  held  as  spies,  and  their  associate*  Med.  On  the  'iO  September  (he  colo- 
nel sen)  one  of  the  three  out  w  ith  a  niessa,i:'e  lo  his  countrymen,  inli>rniin<; 
them  tliat  he  had  heard  of  the  treaty  with  (.'(d.  Uradstreet,  but  be  bad  learned 
too,  that  since  then  they  had  coiiimittrd  several  iiiiirders;  that  he  was  now 
prepared  lo  distress  them  to  liie  iitmn;|,  il'  they  did  not  immediately  slop 
their  de|»re(lations,  and  ^ive  assurances  of  their  sincerity  by  leaving'  the  path 
open  to  Detroit,  and  sali'ly  ri'turiiinu'  the  mes.-ciiLiers  In,'  was  now  to  send  to 
Col.  nradstreet;  and  il'  the  said  messengers  were  detained  or  injurud,  ho 
would  put  his  hostajics  to  death,  and  show  no  iiitTcy  in  liitiiro  to  any  *)f  them. 
Twenty  days  were  allowed  them  to  perliirni  the  mission. 

'I'his  talk  bad  a  salutary  inllueiici-  on  the  minds  of  the  chiefs;  they  had  be- 
come pretty  well  assured  that  ('ol.  Uouipiet  was  not  to  he  trilled  with,  nor 
cau<;lit  asl(;e|);  and  on  the  I  October,  an  Onoiidaua  and  one  Oneida  came  to 
Fort  Pitt,  pretendiiifj;  Iriciidship,  claiming  to  be  li-ieiids  iimh-r  the  ancient 
leaj^ue  between  the  Five  iN'atioiis  and  ImijiTisIi.  They  ollered  him  a  little 
friendly  advice,  as  that  his  l()rc(!  was  too  small  to  think  of  doin^'  any  thiiif? 
a^^ainst  so  miinerons  an  enemy  as  were  the  Indians,  and  that  if  la;  would  wait 
a  little  they  would  all  come  and  iiudve  peace  with  him;  and  es|)ecially  il'  ' 
would  set  at  liberty  those  he  held  as  liosta^fes.  Hut  (Jol.  Uouipiet  understo  ,d 
hidiaii  talk  quite  as  well  as  they  understood  him,  probably,  when  he  told  thoiu 
lie  should  now  proceed  to  Tuscarawas,  and,  if  they  had  any  thiiij;  further  to 
say,  they  miifbt  nu!et  him  there  ;  but  as  to  delay,  that  was  out  of  tlie  question. 
And  the  next  day,  October  the  ^d,  he  was  ready  lo  taki!  ii|)  his  line  of  march, 
and  his  entire  ti)rce  consisted  of  1,500  men.  IJefore  leaviiifr,  ht^  ti)Uiiil  it  neces- 
s.iry  to  shoot  two  soldiers  iiir  desertion.  All  the  women,  except  one  to  each 
corps,  and  two  nurses  I'or  the  ireneral  hosjiital,  were  ordered  to  return  lo  the 
settlements,  and  every  other  encumbrance  was  avoided  belbrc  takinj;'  up  the 
line  of  march. 

On  till!  (ith  the  army  reached  Heaver  Creek,  and  here  a  soldii'r  joined  it, 
who  had  been  taken  near  Fort  Hedlbrd,  and  now  escajied  from  his  cajHors. 
He  informed  the  colonel  that  the  Jndiaiis  had  watched  the  armv,  and  were 
siirpris(!d  at  its  numbers.  Two  miles  farllujr  on  was  lijimd  the  skull  ol"  a 
child  set  upon  a  |)ole.  On  the  9th  trees  were  seen,  an  'he  bark  of  which  were 
many  hierofflyphical  characters  jiainted,  said  to  have  been  done  by  the  In- 
dians to  denote  their  war  exploits.  On  the  l:}th  the  army  arrived  at  Tusca- 
rawas, and  liiire  the  colonel  tbimd  the  two  men  wli.)  had  been  sent  to  Col. 
Bradstreet  with  despatches,  bel()re  spoken  of.  They  stated  that  they  had  Itceu 
made  prisoners  by  the  Delawares,  who  carried  them  to  one  of  their  tow  ns,  1(J 
aiiles  ii'oiii  Tuscarawas,  where  they  kejit  tliiun  until  the  army  reached  here; 
and  now,  "  makini,'  a  virtue  of  necessity  "  set  them  at  liberty,  and  ordered  them 
to  tell  "the  great  white  ca|)tain  "  thai  the  head  men  of  the  Delawares  and 
Siiawanese  were  coming  as  soon  as  possible  to  treat  with  him.  On  the  l^th 
tliey  encamped  on  iMargaret's  Creek,  and  soon  ath-r  a  deputation  of  six  In- 
dians arrived,  aud  iidbrined  Col.  Boiniuet  tliat  the  duels  were  in  council  ready 


M  I 


i 


lOfi 


DKI.IVKRV  OF  CAF'TIVKS. 


[Hook  V. 


to  tn-at  M'itli  him,  altiiiit  ri^'lit  iniirs  oil!  Ilr  rttiiriii'tl  atiHWcr  tlii.t  he  would 
iiKM't  tlii'iii  llir  iH'M  (lay  at  a  iMiwrr  at  soiiir  tli^talH'(■  t'lom  liin  own  ('arii|),  ami 
ill  til)!  iiitiTiiii  Ibrtitinl  IiIh  pohiiioii,  li'iiHtiiif(  lll<l|lill^  in  tiirir  protcHlatKiim  of 
ti-iriMlhlii|). 

Oil  till'  17  Ot'tolii^r  tlin  foloiii-i  iiiiii'clii'il  to  till!  Iiowcr,  making  tliu  Im'sI  (IIh- 
play  lit>  coiilil  ol'  his  Ix-st  troo|is,  i.iiil  hoihi  alb  r  the  liuiiiiiiH  airivnl,  and  uiir 
iiM  lidlows:  Kn  AHiii  lA,  rliici'  nl'  tin'  .•^cMicas,  with  ir»  warriors;  Cdstai.ooa, 
rhii>rot'thr  Woil'trihc  olthr  ilclawarrs,  and  |{k.a\  kk,  rhirtdlthr  TiirlMv  irili,' 
ofthc  saiiii-  nation,  with 'JO  warriors  ;  Kkissinai  riiiTiiAta  fhirt'oriju'  Shaw- 
iiiicsi',iiii(l  (!  warriors.  'I'hc  Indian  speakers  were  Kivasiii  ta, 'I'ijkti.k-iik  \ht, 
(/'usTAi-ooA,  anil  Hk.avkii.  'I'hese  severally  spoke,  hut  we  know  not  that  their 
Hpeeehes  iiave  heeii  preserved;  hut  what  they  said  went  only  to  exeiise  tin  m. 
Helves,  and  east  the  hlaiiie  on  their  yoinii;  men,  and  the  western  nations,  over 
whom  they  had  no  rontrol ;  hnt  "  they  sited  li)r  pea<'e  in  the  most  alijeet  iiimii- 
iier,"  pi'oiiii^iii^' to  <l*'liver  lip  all  their  prisoners  without  delay.  'I'lie  roioai'l 
then  dismisseii  them,  and  told  them  he  wiinid  meet  them  a^aiii  the  next  ilnv, 
lint  dwin^'  to  the  weather  the  mei'tiii^'  was  tleti-rred  to  the  '^(jtli.  He  then  tnid 
them  their  excuses  amounted  to  nothin/i;  reeoimted  to  them  the  oiitra;:es  thev 
had  eommitted,  as  killing:  and  eaptivatiii<;  the  tiiiiiers  sent  iimoii^  them  at  their 
own  reipiest ;  attaekin^'  i'ort  I'itt,  whieli  had  hren  hiiilt  hy  their  eonsent,  niiir- 
(lerin;;  iiair  men,  win*  had  heeii  sent  to  them  with  messages;  their  attacking' 
liis  troo|is  last  }(;ar;  their  liilsil'yin^'  their  promise  to  ('ol.  ISradstreet,  of  ileliy. 
criiif,' lip  their  ea|»tives  to  him  hy  the  10  of  last  month,  cVi* ;  that  they  niialii 
rt^st  assured  that  thi^  army  would  not  leave  their  romitry  imtil  his  terms  were 
complied  with,  and  1"^  days  were  idlowed  them  to  deliver  the  prisoners  in, 
wliicli  was  to  he  done  at  \Vakatamake.  All  persons  were  reipiired, "  llnjilisji- 
nien,  i''renelimen,  women  and  ehildren  ;  whether  ailopted,  married,  or  liviii;r 
aiiion^  them  under  any  denomination  or  pretence  whatsoever;  and  to  limiisli 
horses,  clothiiif^  and  |)r()visioiis,  to  carry  them  to  Fort  I'itt."  When  they  liail 
fully  ctmiplied  witii  these  terms,  "  they  were  to  he  inlormed  on  what  teriii.s 
they  mifilit  have  peace." 

It  should  have  heeii  ohserved,  that  at  the  (hst  iiieetiiif,',  on  tlu;  17th,  the 
Delaware  chiefs  delivered  up  Irt  white  prisoners,  and  HM  small  sticks,  inilira- 
tiiij(  the  niiiiiber  still  remaining  in  their  hands.  Meanwhilo  Col.  Jioii(|iiet 
(lotermined  lo  march  I'urther  into  their  country,  kiiowin<{  that  his  success  in 
HeU'iwn  prisoners  depended  much  on  the  presence  of  his  army  ;  and  on  tlie'^.') 
Ortoher  he  arrived  within  a  mile  of  tiie  I'orks  of  IMiiskin^fum,  where,  instead 
of  VVakataiiiakc,  the  prisoners  wen;  to  he  delivered ;  this  position  hiiin; 
very  convenient  I'or  the  Indians,  most  of  their  princi|)al  towns  lyiiif?  aroniul  it. 
Besides,  it  was  a  position  from  whence  an  ilK'ctual  blow  iiiij^ht  he  struck  ut 
any  moment.  Here  convenient  houses  were  built  for  the  reception  of  the 
captives.  On  the  ^8  October,  I'ktkr,  the  Cau^'hnawaffa  cliiet;  and  W  ullicrs 
of  that  nation,  arrived  from  Sandusky,  brini,'iiij,'  a  letter  from  Col.  JJiiidstrcct, 
by  which  it  apjieared  he  had  asceiuled  the  Hiver  Sandusky  as  far  as  he  coukl 
ill  canoes,  but  had  not  iifli'cted  any  treaty  or  received  any  prisoners,  and  was 
uboiit  to  leave  that  part  of  the  coinitry. 

JJy  the  1)  November,  there  were  delivered  to  Col.  IJoiiquet  200  captives,  of 
which  !)0  were  Virffiniuiis,  and  IKi  beloiijfed  to  Pennsylvania:  amoiij,'  tliciii 
there  were  125  women  and  children.  'I'lu'ie  yet  feinaincd  with  the  Sliawa- 
iiese  about  100  more,  which,  from  their  scattered  condition,  could  not  ho  had, 
but  hostaffes  were  taken  ibr  their  salij  delivery  the  next  spriiifr.  The  separa- 
ting of  these  captives  tWini  the  Indians,  and  their  meeting  with  their  friends 
and  relatives,  (many  of  whom  were  present,)  was  u  scene  past  (lescri|»tioii; 
cliildren  lirought  up  among  the  Indians  clung  to  their  adopted  mothers,  and 
the  mothers  to  them,  Hying  with  fear  from  their  own  jiareiits.  The  Jiidiaii 
lias  by  many  been  deniijd  that  paternal  aiiection  so  common  to  humanity; 
but  had  such  witnessed  this  scene,  their  opinions  would  have  changed.  Some 
would  not  be  sejiarated  iioiii  their  white  captives,  and  even  ibllowed  tlii;  army 
in  its  inarcli  to  Philaiielphia.  Thus  ended  one  of  the  most  brilliant  Indian 
expeditions  iijioii  record ;  not  brilliant  by  reason  of  sanguinary  battles,  but 
from  far  more  glorious  deeds  of  liiiniaiiity. 

That  the  ludiuiis  were  completely  humbled  by  the  finn  and  resolute  con- 


CiiAP.  XV.] 


lUHKil'F'.T'rt  LAST  COM'HUnNri; 


109 


resolute  con- 


duct of  ('ill.  It(iui|ti*'t,  has  Im'oii  rtMimrkril ;  liiit  \\v  niniiot,  willi  jiiHtiiM*  to  llic 
Niili|<'ct,  siiliM'il  it,  vvillitxil  It  tiiim  till'  cliii't's  In-  I'lilly  iD'tird.  N(il\\illi>liiiiiliii^ 
til).'  Slia\vaiii'.''i'  had,  hy  tiitii'  dr|iul\,  as^<t'lltl'll  to  tiir  di-iiiaiah  nl  ihr  i'dIuim-I, 
UH  far  as  lh<  y  i-nuld  iiiulrr  iii'tr^ciit  i-iri-iiiiiNtaiKi'i',  tla'>  ucif  (■iiii>idt'n'd  "^till 
out  ill  ri'lMJIidii,"  and  niiiaiiird  ti>  hr  tnatrd  with.  'I'liry  had  hlanMi  "a  dil- 
atnriiii'SH  and  .><iilli'ii  liaii;.;liliiii's.s  in  all  tlirir  rondiii-t,  >Nhii-li  iriidind  it  vt-ry 
."tii.snicions."  .\iTnidiiij;ly,  a  N(|iaiatc  niiiliirm'c  wa.s  had  with  llirin  on  llif 
r^  Novfiiihi  r,  when  llnic  a|ijM'aird  tin-  chiclK  Kkissi.nautc  in  iiv  and  Nni- 
wii\,  uiih  the  Uki)  II.wvk,  L.vvissi.>io,  Hk.nsivask  a,  IIwkki  i  .n\v  r.i.,  Kkki- 
i.KKiiK^ir.,  and  10  warrior.s.  'I'Iiiti!  wrro  also  |iri'sriit,  Ih*'  ('aii;{liiia\\a;:a, 
Seneca,  nnd  Delaware  iliiets.  |{ki)  Hawk  was  cliiel'  s|ieaker  «>r  tin.'  Hhawa- 
luse,  and  h(>  tiiiis  addres.scd  tla;  Kn^disli: — 

"  Bnithor,  listen  to  us,  your  younxer  iirotliors.  Ah  wo  wsr  sometiiinj^  in 
your  eyes  that  looks  dissatistiiction,  we  now  clear  tlieiii.  Yon  have  credited 
iiad  stories  a;,'ainst  iis.  We  clean  \onr  ears,  that  yoii  may  hear  hetter  liere- 
alh-r.  We  wish  to  remove  cm  rv  tliinj{  iiad  liom  yiair  heart,  that  yon  may  lie 
as  ;.M»od  as  your  ancestor.s.  \.  I  lull.]  We  saw  yon  coniiiij(  with  an  ii|ililh'd 
tomaliawk  in  your  hand.  We  now  take  it  liom  yon,  and  throw  it  up  lit  (loi!. 
lift  liim  do  with  it  as  lie'  pleases.  We  hope  never  to  see  it  more.  Ih'olher, 
as  yon  are  a  warrior,  takt;  liold  ol'this  chain  [lutmUii^  «  /jt//]  olTrieiidship,  and 
let  lis  think  no  more  ot'  war,  in  pity  ol'  onr  old  men,  women,  and  chihlreii. 
We,  too,  are  warriors." 

'I'lie  remarkahle  li^rnre  made  use  ofin  this  spi'i'cli,  ol"//iro//'i»i<f  llif  liittrlid  up 
lu  <!i)il,  is  new;  and  it  was  remarked  liy  Thomas  iintchin.s,  who  heard  it, that 
by  it  the  speaker  wished  proli.ihly  to  he  understood  that,  hy  this  disposition 
oi'it,  it  would  he  out  ot'tlie  reach  ot'iiadinen,  and  would  he  ^nveii  only  to  the 
party  in  liiinre,  to  wliom  the  rijflit  of  revenp-  helon^fcd ;  whereas  il"  it  were 
i)uried  in  the  <;round,  any  miscreant  mi;;ht  di^^  it  up. 

The  Kiiiflish  did  not  much  like  the  talk  ot'  Kk.d  Hawk;  they  saw  no  sup- 
plication, hut  a  manly  iiide|)eiideiice,  vvhicli  they  ou<;ht  to  have  admired,  rallier 
than  reprolmted.  'i'iiat  the  hidiaiis,  especially  the  Shavvanese,  did  not  ac- 
kiiowii'dfie  themselves  entirely  in  tin;  wrong,  is  evident  from  their  prodnciiiff 
at  this  time,  lliroiigli  their  speaker,  the  treaty  made  with  Pennsylvania  in  1701, 
and  tlirtM!  inessaj,'es  or  letters  t'roni  that  !,'overniiieut, ol'diirerent  dates  hy  w  hich 
thoy  nndouhtedly  intended  to  show  that  the  I'lnglish  had  lieen  irniity  o|'  har- 
harilles  n  ;  well  as  the  indian.s.  Ilowt'ver,  Kkd  IIawk  promised,  on  heliaHdr 
liis  natio.i,  that  ail  tliu  prisuners  .slioiild  hu  (Udivun  d  up  ut  Fort  I'itt  tin;  n<;\t 
Hprinir. 

Col.  ]Sou(|iiet  Ihidini;  no  more  prisniun'H  could  l)0  obtiiined,  owing,  as  has 
l)(!eii  stat(!d,  to  their  iteinir  scatti-red  with  their  masters  u|>oii  very  distant  hnnt- 
iiig  grounds,  gav(;  up  his  campaign,  anil  returned  to  IMiiladelphia,  when;  he 
arrivt'd  in  the  iieginning  of  January,  l/ti.").  JJeforn  leaving  "  tiiese  remote 
jiarts,"  however,  tiu>  colonel  gave  the  Indians  a  talk,  in  which  lie  oh.served, 
that  what  the  Shawaiieso  had  s;iid  would  iiavt;  iieeii  agrctsahle  to  him,  provi- 
ded their  acts  had  corresponded  with  it.  Hi;  remindiul  them  that  tliey  had 
promised,  at  Tuscarawas,  a  month  hetiire,  that  ail  the  |)risoners  should  he 
delivered  to  him  at  ids  pn^sent  encampnuMit  in  10  days,  and  demanded  what 
riglit  tli«!y  had  to  expect  iiettt-r  tiM'ins  than  tiie  Delawanis  and  otiiers,  who 
iiud,  witliout  delay,  hroiight  in  their  <"aptives.  Tiiis  was  ratlier  nnreasonahie 
on  till!  part  of  the  colonel,  inasmuch  as  lie  was  well  aware  that  he  was  press- 
ing an  impossihilily.  "  Hut,"  he  .says,  "  I  w  ill  cut  this  matter  siiort  with  you  ; 
and  l)eti>re  I  explain  myself  i'urther,  I  insist  on  your  immediate  answer  to  the 
following  cpiestions:  1st.  Will  you  collect  anil  deliver  up  all  the  ])risoner.s, 
taken  in  tiiis  or  former  war.s,  whether  French,  Engiisli,  or  negroes,  and  with- 
out any  exception  or  evasion  whatsoever.^  2(\.  Will  you  deliver  (i  ho.stages 
into  niy  iiands  as  security  for  the  perforniance  of  your  promise,  and  as  u 
guaranty  tiiat  your  people  shall  couiinit  no  more  iiostilities  on  his  majesty's 
subjects  ?  " 

Bensivasica  said  tlie  Siiawanese  would  comply,  excepting  as  regarded  the 
Frencii ;  but  over  them  they  iiad  no  control,  and  the  Knglisli  migiit  do  witii 
them  as  they  pleased;  but  he  l)elieved  tiiey  had  nearly  ail  retirned  to  tlieir 
OWL  country.    And  here  it  will  be  proper  to  reniurk  that  the  ''.uptives  were 


200 


RED  IIAWK-CAPT.  PIPE. 


[Book  V. 


(lelivon  .1  at  Fort  Pitt  ugnjojihlt;  to  tliis  trciity.  Alter  tlio  hostages  were  deliv- 
cred,  Col.  IJoiKpiet  remarked  to  tliem,  "tliat  tlioiijili  lie  liad  brought  the  toiii- 
aliawk  ii;  his  hand,  yet  as  they  had  now  sidmiitled,  he  would  not  let  it  fall  on 
their  heads,  hut  let  it  drop  to  the  ground,"  and  exhorted  tluMu  to  he  kind  to 
liie  prisoners,  and  said  he  sliould  send  aloiig  with  them  some  of  the  friends 
ofthe  ( ajitives,  to  aid  in  the  eolieetion  of  them.  At  the  same  time  the  ehiefs 
of  the  other  trii)cs  present,  severally  addressed  the  Shawane  ehiels,  whom 
fliey  eailed  grandchildren  and  nephews,  and  urged  them  "to  perlorm  their 
promises,  and  be  strong  in  doing  good,  that  this  jk  aeo  might  be  everlastiiig." 
fiiese  transactions  occui.-"d  on  the  1'2  Novemiier,  17(!'1. 

In  the  narration  ofthe  delivery  of  captives  on  the  !•  ol'the  same  month,  the 
relation  of  u  captive  was  ))a^:sed  over  which  shall  here  be  given.  A  Mr. 
Smallman,  who  liad  been  a  major  of  Pennsylvania  troo|)s,  and  had  been  made 
j»risoner  in  the  sununer  of  17(>i,  near  Detroit,  by  the  VVyandots,  who  delivered 
him  to  the  Shawanese,  was  among  those  surrendered  at  that  time,  lie  proved 
of  great  service  to  the  whites,  as  well  as  Indians,  on  this  occasion,  by  being 
al)le  to  confirm  much  of  the  inlbrmation  given  by  the  latter.  He  told  Col. 
Bou(j'iet  »';at  all  the  Indians  who  had  heard  of  his  demand  had  come  on  im- 
mediately with  their  (;a|)tives.  It  had  been  rejiorted  among  the  Shawanese 
that  the  object  of  the  English  was  to  jnit  them  all  to  death.  As  soon  as  this 
news  came  to  be  circulated  among  them,  they  began  to  prepare  to  kill  all  the 
captives;  and  a  French  trader  among  them,  who  had  many  barrels  of  j)owder 
and  ball,  offered  it  all  to  them  to  go  out  and  fight  the  English  army.  When 
they  were  about  to  conunence  miu'dering  the  prisoners,  the  message  from  the 
colonel  was  received,  stating  that  he  only  wanted  the  ca[»tives  and  to  make 
peace  with  them,  and  thus  a  horrid  tragedy  was  prevented.  Soon  after, 
when  many  pri.-oners  had  been  collected,  and  marched  as  far  as  Wakauta- 
iniki(?,  news  came  that  a  soldier  had  been  killed  near  the  camp  of  the  army 
at  Muskingum.  This  the  Indians  thought  would  blast  all  their  hopes  of 
mercy,  and  they  again  resolved  to  put  the  ca{)tives  to  death  ;  and  when  they 
had  even  got  them  into  a  small  compass  for  that  ])urpose,  another  express 
arrived  from  Col.  Bouquet,  which  assured  them  that  he  had  no  suspicion  that 
they  hail  any  knowledge  of  the  nmrder,  and  thus  a  second  calamity  was 
happily  averted. 

Several  eminent  chiefs,  it  will  have  been  perceived,  make  their  appearance 
in  this  part  of  our  work,  and  to  then  we  can  add  the  name  of  Hopocan,  or 
Capt.  Pipe.  lie  was  one  of  the  two  Indians  whom  we  have  mentioned  as 
having  been  detaitied  as  spies  at  Fort  Pitt ;  the  name  of  the  other  was  Capt. 
JoH>-.  These  were  set  at  liberty  when  the  ^Oli  captives  were  given  u]).  Of 
the  melancholy  and  barbarous  murder  of  Red  Hawk,  notice  has  been  taken. 

The  causes  of  this  war  were  w(dl  known  in  F]ngland,  and  the  complaints 
of  the  Indians  were  iicknowledged  "  to  have  been  too  well  founded."  They 
had  long  watched  the  progress  of  settlements  n|)oii  the  Suscpiehannah,  and 
the  building  of  forts  in  their  country,  against  treaty  stipulations.  They  hud 
not  only  submitted  to  this,  but  to  trtjatment  the  most  insolent.  They  resolved, 
in  the  spring  of  17(53,  to  drivt;  back  their  op])ressors ;  not,  however,  without 
first  remonstrating  in  respectful  terms  to  the  lOnglish,  in  one  of  their  caj)itals, 
through  a  deputation  of  tlieir  chiefly.  Here  they  declared  that  whatever  deeds 
might  be  j)roduced  by  one  J.  H.  Lydias  of  Albany,  or  oth(!rs,  pr<!tending  to 
claim  lands  upon  the  Sus(]U(!iiannah,  they  w(!re  utterly  fidse,  and  would  not 
be  allowed ;  and  that  they  would  defend  them  to  the  last  extremity.  The 
result  we  have  seen. 

Thus  we  have  traced  the  events  of  Poutiak's  war  to  its  close  —  a  glorious 
termination,  inasnnich  as  it  was  a  bloodhsss  one.  Many  years  of  com|)arativc 
peace  ensued  ;  indeed  the  troubles  with  the  Indians  were  not  very  serious 
for  the  next  ten  years.  Cresap's  war  was  the  next,  wiiicli  terminated  in  the 
sanguinary  battle  of  Point  Pleasant.  Then  succecMled  the  calamities  of  the 
Revolution,  from  which  the  Indians  never  recovered. 


FINIS. 


Abbioadassi 
Abenakies,  iii. 
Adario,  his  e 
Adiwando,  a 
Ag-awam,  Indii 
Ahaton,  coun 
Ahattawan, 

AlTTON,JoHN 

Akkompoin  i 
Alden,  Col.  kill 
ALDERMANbel 

Alexander 

^J^-    His  his 
.  death,  7,  16, 

ALMQuiPA,  so 

Allison,  Capt.  il 
America,  so  nar 
Amherst,  Gen.  i 
Amrdas  and  Bai 
AM0.S,  Capt.  exi 
Amoskeag-  Falls 
Andrew,  his  ac 
Andover  surprise 
Androscog-gi,,,  it 
Anna  Won,  ii.  ]< 
Annau-on's  Rock 
Aiili(|uitiesof  An 
Archihau,  asa 
^fpal,  Capt.  cap 
Aristotle,  suppos, 
Armstrong-,  Col.  , 
Arnold's  Quebec 
Arruhawikwa 
AscAssAsoTrK   i 

AsHPELON.hise 

AspiNET,  sacherr 
AspsNquiD,  a  Tc 

ASSACAMBUIT,    ; 

110;  events  in  i 

As,SACt;MKT  .sold 
AssIMINAStiUA,-! 
ASUHME(J|;|N ^ 

Alhertou,  Mfj.  ii. , 


$00K  V. 


e  (leliv- 
lic  toiii- 
t  fall  oil 
kind  to 
!  Iru'iida 
le  cliici's 
s,  whom 
nil  tlifir 
•lasting." 

ontli,  llic 
.    A  Mr. 
jen  made 
dclivcri'd  *- 
It;  proved 
by  bein;,' 

told  Col. 
lie  on  im- 
liawanese 
on  as  tliis 
kill  all  the 
of  powder 
,y.     When 
fe  from  the 
id  to  make 
Soon  after, 

Wakauta- 
»f  the  army 
r  hopes  of 
when  they 
her  express 
sjiiciou  that 
daiuity  was 

appearance 
loPOCAN,  or 
icntioned  as 

was  Capt. 
;en  up.    Of 
been  taken. 
;  complaints 
led."    They 
hannah,  and 
They  hud 
ley  resolved, 
;ver,  without 
\v.\r  capitals, 
latever  deeds 
Iretcnding  to 
\\  would  not 

Muity.     The 

-  a  glorious 
I"  comparative 
vt!ry  serious 
Inate'd  in  the 
Imities  of  the 


INDEX. 


mj"  The  History  is  divided  into  Five  Books  ;  and  each  Book  being  paged  by 
itself,  it  will  be  necessary  to  observe,  on  referring  from  the  Index,  in  what  Book 
the  desired  page  is,  which  is  always  noted  in  the  Index.  The  separate  paging  of 
the  Books  can  lead  to  no  inconvenience,  as  the  nuinber  of  the  Book  is  seen  at 
a  glance  at  the  top  of  the  inner  margin  of  every  folio  throughout  the  work. 

The  names  of  the  Indians  are  printed  in  small  capitals  to  distinguish  them  from 
others,  and  the  names  of  Tribes  in  italics. — n.  signifies  note. 


A. 

Abbigadasset  soils  Swan  Island,  ill.  101. 
Abenakies,  iii.  1)3,  137. 
Adakio,  his  exploits  and  history,  v.  9,  10. 
Adiwando,  an  eastern  chief,  iii.  113,  116. 
Agawam,  Indian  troubles  there,  ii.  'Ifi. 
Ahaton,  counsellor  to  VVampatuck,  ii.  45. 

AHATTAWAN,TAHATTAWAN,&C.ii.48,  117. 

AiTTON,  JoHN.chief  of  the  Penobscots,  iii.l3<). 
Akkompoin,  ii.  28. — See  Unkompoin. 
Alden,  Col.  killed  at  Cherry  Valley,  v.  69. 
Alderman  betrays  and  kills  Philip,  iii.  42. 
Alexander,  son  of  Massasoit,  ii.  27,  28, 

100.     His  history,  iii.  3  to  6.    Cause  of  his 

death,  7,  16,  17. 
ALLiquiPA,  sc|uaw  chief  of  Yohogany,  v.  37. 
Allison,  Capt.  in  the  Florida  war,  iv.  91. 
America,  so  named  from  Americus,  i.  3. 
Amherst,  Gen.  iii.  13'i  ;  v.  .'31,  55,  56. 
Amidas  and  Barlow's  Voyaffe.  ii.  50 ;  iv.  4. 
Amos,  Capt.  exploits  of,  iii.  85,  86. 
Amoskcao^  Falls,  Indian  account  of,  iii.  99. 
Andrew,  his  acts,  iii.  Ill,  116. 
Andover  surprised,  iii.  122. 
Androscoggin,  \u  meaning,  131,  n. 
Anna  WON,  ii.  18;  iii.  16,  17,  42,  51  to  55. 
Annawon's  Rock  described,  iii.  .5.3. 
Anli(iuities  of  America,  i.  39  to  '18. 
Akchih  au,  a  sachem  on  the  Potomack,  i.  25. 
Argal,  Capt.  captivates  Pocahontas,  iv.  17. 
Aristotle,  supposed  to  refer  to  America,  i.5, 
Armstrong,  Col.  destroys  Kittaniiing,  v.  38. 
Arnold's  Quebec  expedition,  iii.  13.5. 
Arruhawikwabemt  executed,  iii.  120. 
Ascassasotik   ii.  74;  his  war,  79,  80. 
AsHPELON,  his  exploit  at  Dcerfield,  iii.  98, n. 
AspiNET,  sachem  of  Nauset,  ii.  14,  10. 
AspiNquiD,  a  Tarralinc  chief,  iii.  94,  n 
AssACAMBUiT,  a  great  Tarratine  chief,  iii. 

110;  events  in  his  life.  139  ;  his  death,  IK) 
AssACUMET  sold  into  slavery,  li.  6,  9. 
AssiMiNAS(|UA,  a  Tarratine  chief,  iii.  105. 
AsuHMEQDiN. — See  Massasoit. 
Alherlon,  Mfj.  ii.  58,  «.  70,  81. 


Atkinson,  Gen.  in  Black  Hawk's  war,  iv. 
114,  &c. 

Attakullakulla,  or  Little  Carpen- 
ter, iv.  33  to  ,%. 

Aubert  carries  first  Indians  to  France,  ii.  4, 

Aucocisco,  tribe  of,  ii.  48  ;  iii.  93,  n. 

Autossee  massacre,  iv.  51,  57. 

Avery,  Capt.  in  Philip's  war,  iii.  49. 

Awashaw,  a  noted  Narragans    ,  iii.  77,  78. 

AwASHONKs,  squaw  sachem  of  Sogkonate, 
iii.  65  to  73  ;  in  Philip's  war,  ib. 

Ayanemo,  Kianemo,  &c. — See  Ninigret. 


B. 

Badlock,  Capt.  tortured  at  Wyoming,  t.  89. 

Kagnal,  Walter,  murdered,  ii.  48. 

Barnard,  a  aoted  Creek  warrior,  iv.  58. 

Barre,  Gov.  de  la,  his  expedition,  v.  5,  6,  7. 

Barrow,  Sam, taken  and  executed,  ii   62,63. 

Bartrain's  Travels  in  F'lorida,  i.  47,  4!j 

Basha«a,  highest  sachem  among  the  Tarra- 
tines,  ii.  7;  death  of  one,  iii.  93. 

Basset,  Capt.  in  the  eastern  wars,  iii.  86,  n. 

Battles, — First  with  the  N.  Eng.  Indians,  ii. 
9.  Of  Strickland's  Plain,  ii.  69.  OfPun- 
katcesei,  iii.  26.  Of  Sugarloaf  Hill,  31. 
Of  Pocassct,  27.  Of  Rehobotli  Plain,  28. 
Of  Bloody  Brook,  32.  Of  Narragan.set 
Swamp,  35.  Of  Sudbury,  38.  Of  Paw- 
tucket,  47.  Of  Turner's  Falls,  75.  OfDed- 
hnm  Woods,  75.  Of  Norridgewok,  127. 
Of  Pequawket,  129.  Of  the  Falls  of  James 
River,  iv.  23.  Of  Etchoe,  37.  Of  Au- 
losse,  51,  57.  Of  Tohopeka,  ib.  Of  Tal- 
lushatches,  56.  Of  the  Holy  Ground,  .58. 
OfEmukfau,59.  Of  Fnotoclmpko,  ?*.  Of 
the  Ouithlacooche,  82.  Of  Wetumka,  84. 
Of  Dunlawlon,  85.  Of  Lake  George,  v. 
.39.  Of  Great  Meadows,  36.  Of'I'oint 
Pleasant,  43.  Of  Detroit.  .55.  Of  the  St. 
Mnrvs,  74.  Of  Miami  Rapids,  80.  Of 
Oris'kaiia,  83.  Of  Johnston,  91.  OfMliii- 
siiik,  92.    Of  Newtown,  91.    Near  Fort 


'd    I 


;■■' 


''i 


INDEX. 


Georce,  100.  Of  the  Monongalicla,  112. 
Of  Ti|)|)ccanoc,  121.  Of  Jlagaui^o,  125. 
Of  the  Ui\  cr  Kaisiii,  129.  Of  llie  Thames, 
124.  Of  Sycamore  Creek,  1 W.  Of  ilie 
Ouiscoiisiii,  154.     Of  the  Mississippi,  15G. 

Beaslev,  Maj.  surprised  ami  shiiii,  iv.  49. 

Beers,  Capt.  Iiis  defeat  and  deaili,  iii.  31. 

Berkeley,  Gov.  defeats  Oi'KKANKANO,iv.21. 

Bible,  the,  in  Indian,  ii.  51,  114. 

Big  Ei.k. — Sec  (3ngpatonga. 

BiG-TKKK,  V.  Ill  ;  his  death,  115. 

Black  Biru  lakes  Fort  Uearl)orn,  v.  134. 

Black  Buffalo,  a  Sioux  chief,  dies,  v.  137. 

Black  Point  ravaged,  iii.  110. 

Black  Hawk,  his  life  and  wars,  v.  141  to  1G8. 

Black  Kettle,  famous  Onondago,  v.  7; 
killed,  9. 

Black  Thundkr,  a  Fox  chief,  v.  135. 

Black  William  murdered,  ii.  48. 

Blind  Will  killed  by  Mohawks,  iii.  138. 

Bluk-jackkt  defeated  by  Wayne,  v.  80. 

Bo.MAZEKN,  iii.  119  to  121 ;  killed,  120. 

Boston,  Indians  threaten  to  burn,  iii.  82. 

Boudinot,  Dr.  on  origin  of  the  Indians,  i.  9. 

Bouquet's  expedition,  v.  2C. 

Bow-legs,  noted  Seminole  warrior,  iv.  G6, 

Boyle,  Hon.  Robert,  iii.  98,  n. 

Bracket,  Capt.  captivity  and  death,  112. 

Bracket,  Capt.  son  of  preceding,  iii.  124. 

Bradford,  attack  upon,  iii.  97,  111. 

Bradtlock's  defeat  and  death,  v.  112. 

Bradstreet,  Gen.  expedition  of,  v.  57. 

Brant,  a  Mohawk  chief,  v.  81  to  97. 

Broadhead,  Ccl.  his  expeditions,  v.  61. 

Brooklield  besieged  and  burnt,  iii.  29,  30. 

Buflbn  on  American  animals,  i.  12. 

Bull's  garrison  taken  and  burnt,  iii.  78. 

BUOKONGAHELAS,  V.  f)2  to  C5. 

Burr,  Col.  in  the  Quebec  expedition,  v.  136. 
Butler.  John,  commands  at\Vyoming,v.  89, 94. 
Butler,  Walter,  killed,  V.  91. 


C. 

Cabot  takes  Indians  to  England,  ii.  3. 
Cabrera  on  peopling  America,  i.  17. 
Caliercs'  Iroquois  expedition,  v.  8. 
Californian.^  unlike  the  Asiatics,  i.  7. 
Calumet,  origin  of  the  word,  v.  58,  n. 
Canada,  origin  of  the  name,  i.  23. 
Canasatego,  a  noted  Delaware,  v.  18  to  20. 
Cannibalism,  ii.  4,  65,  86  ;  iii.  82. 
Canonchet. — See  Nanuntenoo. 
Canonicus,  a  great  Narraganset,  54  to  57. 
Card,  Francis,  liis  captivity,  iii.  110. 
Carpenter's  plantation  attacked,  iii.  36. 
Carthaginians  peopled  America,  i.  5. 
Cartier  carries  Indians  to  France,  ii.  5. 
Casco,  anciently  Aucocisco,  ii.  48.     Battle  of, 

86.     Besieged,  110.     Destroyed,  112. 
Cashaw asset,  ii.  G7,  110;  iii.  15. 
Cassassinnamon,  ii.  99,  110;  iii.  49. 
Casteins,  Baron,  notice  of,  iii.  109. 
Catapazat,  ii.  82,  n. ;  iii.  49. 
Catataugh,  brother  of  Powhatan,  iv.  13. 
Caunbitant,  ii.  29;  his  war,  30. 
Challons'  voyage  to  New  England,  ii.  6. 
Chaml)crlaiii,  .lohn,  kills  Paugus,  iii.  122. 
CiiANco  reveals  Opekanknno's  plot,  iv.  21. 
Chelmsford,  massacre  at,  iii.  117. 
-Cherokces,  iv.  24,  26,  26,  67. 
Chikataubut,  ii.  ,30,  .35,  '1.3,  44.  4.5,  46. 
Chikatomo's  depredations,  v.  G9.  73. 
Chikun,  Narraganset  captain,  killed,  iii.  76. 


Chinnaby  relieved  by  Jackson,  iv.  65. 
CiiLUCco,  a  Seminole  chief,  iv.  39,  40. 
CuocoKtJA,  his  melancholy  fate,  iii.  101. 
Chopart  killed  for  his  abuses,  iv.  42,  43. 
Christianity,  why  it  has  not  prevailed,  ii.  Ill, 
Chubb,  Capt.  iii.  121  ;  killed,  122. 
Church,  Col.  iii.  4,  5,  13,  16,  26,  35,  39  to  43 : 
51  to  55;  59,  60,  62,  63  to  73  ;  86,  110, 123. 
Clark's  garrison  destroyed,  iii.  61. 
Clinch,  Gen.  in  Seminole  war,  v.  82,  &.C. 
Clinton,  De  Witt,  i.  18;  v.  101. 
Cobbet,  Thomas,  captivity  of,  iii,  106, 
Coligni  sends  a  colony  to  Florida,  iv.  26. 
CoLBURT,  Gen.  a  Chickasaw  chief,  iv.  61. 
Columbus  takes  Indians  to  Spain,  ii.  3,  4. 
Comets  viewed  as  omens,  ii.  16. 

CONJANAQUOND,  ii.  58. 

CoNNECTicoTE,  a  Mohegan  chief,  ii.  102. 
Conway,  Peter,  a  Nipmuk,  iii,  91. 
Cornelius,  his  exploits,  iii.  24,  31. 
CoRNPLANT,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110  to  120. 
Cornstalk,  a  Shawanee,  v.  42  lo  60. 
Coshocton  destroyed,  v.  61. 
Colymore,  Capt.  killed,  iv.  35. 
Crane  King. — See  Tarhe. 
Crawford's  expedition  and  death,  v.  67. 
Cresap,  Capt.  his  murders,  v.  41. 
Cumming's  travels,  iv.  26,  27. 
CuTSHAMOKiN. — See  Kutshamakin. 
CuTTA(iUii«  attempts  Uncas's  life,  ii,  73. 


D. 

Dade,  Major,  defeat  and  death,  iv.  77. 
Dalyell,  Capt.  killed  at  Detroit,  v.  66. 
Daniel,  a  captain  under  Church,  iii.  86. 
Decallieres'  Iroquois  expedition,  v.  8. 
Decorie  captures  Black  Hawk,  v.  159. 
Deerfield  attacked,  iii.  79  ;  destroyed,  141. 
Dekanisora,  great  Iroquois  chief  v.  9. 
Delaware,  Lord,  cruelty  of,  iv.  15. 
Dennison,  Capt.  iii.  49,  76  ;  Gen.  89. 
Dermer's  voyages,  ii.  10,  20,  21. 
Devil's  Hole,  massacre  at,  v.  109. 
Devil  said  lo  have  peopled  America,  I,  9. 
Diamond,  John,  tortured  at  Wells,  iii.  107. 
Dicskau,  Gen.  defeated  and  killed,  v.  40. 
Diodorus  supposed  to  refer  to  America,  i.  5. 
DoNAcoNA,  a  chief,  dies  in  France,  ii.  6. 
DoNY,  his  fort  taken,  iii.  123,  124. 
Dover,  great  massacre  there,  iii.  115. 
Drake,  Sir  Francis,  first  Englishman  in  New 

England,  ii,  19  ;  his  contemporaries,  60,  n.; 

relieves  the  Virginia  colony,  iv.  6. 
Drake,  Sir  Bernard,  ii.  20,  n. 
Drake,  Samuel,  Indian  teacher,  ii.  53. 
Dudley,  Col.  his  defeat  and  death,  v.  124. 
Dudley,  Gov.  i.  19  ;  ii.  48,  62;  iii.  110. 
Dunlawlon,  battle  of,  iv.  86. 
Duston,  Hannah,  her  narrative,  i.  29. 
Dutch  and  Indian  war,  ii.  68. 


Eckanakaka,  or  Holy  Ground,  battle,  iv.  56. 
Egekemet,  a   noted    Tarratine,    iii.    103, 

120. 
Eliot,John,ii,45,  51,81,  112,  117;  iii.44,8fi. 
Eli.inipsico  cruelly  murdered,  v.  49. 
Ei.LsKWATAWA.  a  prophet,  v.  128. 
Emistessioo. — See  Gukistersigo. 
F.mukAui,  battle  of,  iv.  ,09. 
Endicol's  Pequot  expedition,  ii.  104. 


INDEX. 


8 


I. 

01. 

3. 

ii.  111. 

9  to  43; 
110,123. 

&.C. 


.2G. 
iv.  Gl. 
3,4. 


ii.  102. 


0  to  120. 
,50. 


.07. 


AKIN. 

fe,  ii.  73. 


V.77. 
V.  56. 
II,  iii.  86. 
V.8. 
,  V.  159. 
oyed,  141. 
,icf.  V.  9. 

89. 

P- 

rica,  1.  9- 

Is,  iii.  107. 

eti,  V.  40. 

merica,  i.  5. 

Lee,  ii.  5. 

rii5. 

Ihman  in  New 
jrarics,  50,  n.  ; 
|iv.  6. 

,  ii.  53. 

ath,  V.  m. 

iii.  110. 
.  i.  29. 


J,  battle,  iv.  58. 
Itine,    ill.   103, 

Ill7;  iii.  44,  86. 
Id,v.49. 
y  128. 
tnsiGO. 

Ii.  104. 


Enotochopko  Creek,  battle  of,  iv.  59. 
Ensknore,  a  noted  Virginia  chief,  iv.  4. 
Epanow,  ii.  7  to  10;  Anannow, 30 
Ephraim,  Iii.  5f),  88,  92. 
Etcnolc,  battle  of,  iv.  37. 
Etherington,  Maj.  surprised,  v.  52. 


F. 

Fakmf.r's  Brother,  v.  100,  107  to  110. 
Fenner,  Capt.  Arthur,  captures  Tin,  Iii.  33. 
Fife,  Jim,  fights  under  Jackson,  iv.  59. 
Field,  Col.  falls  at  Point  Pleasant,  v.  43. 
Five  Nations,  erroneously  so  called,  v.  14,  n. 
Floyd,  Gen.  wounded  at  Autosse,  iv.  57. 
Fluellen,  a  Tarratlne  chief,  ill.  91. 
Franci.^,  a  S'    -.inole,  executed,  Iv.  GO,  G3. 
Francis,  sachem  of  Nauset,  iii.  17. 
Francis,  sachem  of  Penobscot,  Iii.  136. 
Frost,  Capt.  C.  iii.  106 ;  killed,  118. 


G. 

Gallop,  John,  exploit  of,  ii.  103. 
Games,  Indians  addicted  to,  II.  25;  v.  52. 
Gardner,  Capt.  killed  In  Philip's  war,  iii.  77. 
Gei.i.emeni). — See  Kei.alamanu,  v. 65. 
Oemcraye,  Lieut,  def'ealod,  v.  8,9. 
Geoffrey,  a  noted  eastern  depredator,  ill. 

111. 
George,    Sagamore.  —  See    Winnepur- 

KETT. 

GiBBs,  John, an  Indian  preacher,  iii.  18. 
Girty,  Simon,  v.  GO,  63,  67,  74. 
Gladwin,  Gov.  of  Detroit,  v.  51,  53,  64. 
Glikhikan,  v.  22;  murdered,  2,3. 
Gnadenhuetlen,  massacre  at,  v.  23,  24. 
Golding,  Capt.  Roger,  Iii.  2(5,  41,  42. 
Goon-PETER  made  prisoner,  v.  106. 
Gookin,  Maj.  il.  117;  III.  44,  82,  89,  n.,  92. 
Gorton,  Samuel,  II.  55,  G4  ;  III.  5,  41,  73. 
Gosnold,  (^a|)t.  his  voyage  to  N.  E.  ii.  20. 
Grand-sun  resists  the  French,  iv.  42,  43. 
Granoanemeo,  a  Virginia  chief,  Iv.  G,  7. 
Grangula's  speech  to  De  la  Barre,  v.  6. 
Grant,  Col.  his  expeditions.  Iv.  39. 
Great-mortar,  a  noted  Muscogee,  iv.  44. 
Greenland,  N.  H.,  depredations  at,  iii.  111. 
Grotlus  on  the  peopling  of  .\merlca,  i.  6,  10. 
Groton  attacked  by  the  Nlpmuks,  iii.  37. 
GuF.ss,  George,  his  wonderful  invention,  iv. 

24. 
GuRiSTERSiGo,  his  defeat  and  death,  iv.  67. 
Gyantwaia. — See  Cornplanter. 


H. 

Hadley,  troubles  there,  ill.  100. 
Hahatun. — See  Ai/aton. 
Ha  i.f-king,  a  Huron,  v.  22,  23, 35, 36, 58, 69. 
Hai,f-to\vn,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110,  111. 
Halliheex,  massacre  of  the,  iv.  .57. 
Hall's  family,  captivity  of,  v.  150. 
Hamden,  John,  li.  19,  25,  and  »i. 
Hampton,  Indian  murder  at.  III.  123. 
Hamlramk,  Col.  with  Gen.  St.  Clair,  v.  74. 
Hnnam's  voyage  to  New  England,  ii.  6,  n. 
Hanno,  notice  of  his  voyage,  i.  4. 
Hans-jacod,  son  of  Canassatego,  v.  20. 
Hardin,  Col.  taken  prisoner,  v.  63,  64. 
Harmer,  Gen.  his  defeat. 
Harmon  Garret. — SeeCASHAWASSET. 
Harmon,  Maj.  takes  Norridgcwok,  iii.  127. 


Harper,  Col.  famous  exploit  of,  v.  106. 

Marpersfield  destroyed  l>y  Indians,  v.  92. 

Harrison,  Gen.  v.  121  ;  ileleals  Tecumseh, 
124. 

Harris,  Thomas,  of  Narragaiiset,  ill.  3G. 

Hassanamesit,  Its  etynwlogy,  II.  51. 

Hatfield,  descent  upon,  lli."33,  99. 

Haverhill  attacked,  i.  29 ;  sacked,  ill.  140. 

Havens,  Jack,  a  VVampajwag,  ill.  71. 

Hawkins. — See  Kankamaous. 

Hawkins,  Ben,  severely  wounded,  iv.  54. 

Hawkins,  Sam,  executed,  iv.  64. 

Hcald,  Capt.  dclcaled  and  killed,  v.  134. 

Heckcwelder,  John,  his  captivity,  v.  23. 

Henchman,  Capt.  expedition  of,  ill.  92. 

llKNDRitK  killed  at  Lake  George,  v.  29. 

Henguepushes,  a  noted  Delaware,  v.  G5. 

Herkimer,  Gen.  v.  83  ;  killed,  85. 

Hertel  sacks  Salmon  Falls,  Iii.  177,  178  ;  de- 
feated by  Black-kettle,  v.  8 ;  killed, 
ill.  MO. 

HiAcooMEs,  a  Christian  Indian,  ii.  118. 

Hicks,  or  Tuko-see-Mathla,  iv.  72; 
Charles,  55. 

Hide,  Sam,  a  noted  Indian,  dies,  I.  21. 

HiGGON,  Ned,  ill.  114,  118,  124,  126. 

Hill,  Col.  his  signal  defeat,  iv.  22. 

Hillishago  (Francis),  iv. 58,60, G3;  hang- 
ed, 64. 

Hid,  king  of  New  Albion,  il.  19. 

History  is  not  always  the  same,  iv.  23. 

Hoare,  John,  ii.  45  ;  ambassador,  iii.  62,88. 

Hobomok,  11.29  to  40. 

Hobson,  Capt.  his  .oyage  to  N.  E.  ii.  8, 

Holioke,  Capt.  at  Turner's  Falls,  iii.  75. 

Holy  Ground,  battle  of  the,  I  v.  58. 

Homer  supposed  to  refer  to  America,  i.  5. 

HoPEHoon,  ill.  105,  116;  killed.  118. 

Hopkins,  Stephen,  i.  21,  13,  24.  ' 

Horace  supposed  to  refer  to  America,  i.  5. 

HoRNOTi.iMED  taken  and  hanged,  iv.  64. 

Horseneck,  great  battle  there,  ii.  69. 

Horseshoe-bend.— See  Tohopeka. 

Hostages,  Indian,  ii.  73 ;  murder  of,  iv.  35. 

Howland,  Lieut.  J.  ill.  51,  62,  55,  71. 

Hudson's  discovery  of  New  York,  ii.  4. 

Hunter,  Capt.  a  Nipmuk,  iii.  88. 

Hunnewell,  Lieut,  wounded,  ill.  124, 
Hunt's  voyage  to  New  England,  li.  8, 
Hutchli\son,  Ann,  murdered,  il.  68. 
Hutchinson,  Capt.  killed,  ill.  29. 
Hutchinson,  Mr.  commissioner,  ill.  121. 
Hussey,  Mrs.  killed  at  Hampton,  iii.  123. 


I. 


Ijasocke,  a  Wampanoag,  ill.  4. 
Indian  Bible,  some  account,  il.  51. 
Indian  Creek,  III.  murder  at,  v.  150. 
Inncs,  Judge,  on  Logan's  speech,  v.  48. 
loway  River,  battle  near,  v.  15G,  157. 
Trnqnois. — See  Fivf  Nalinns. 
Irving,  W.  visits  Black  Hawk,  v.  165. 
Ishkatappa,  a  Pawnee  chief,  137. 
Itopatin,  or  Opitchapan,  iv.  13,  15. 
Iwiklies. — See  Tu-ightees,  v.  G. 
Iyanoogh,  a  Wampanoag  chief,  li.  14,  32. 


J. 

Jacobs,  Capt.  surprised  and  killed,  v.  38. 
Jacobs,  Lieut,  his  exploit,  iii.  38. 
Jack-berhy,  interpreter,  v.  110. 


i       I 


)     i 


'    1 


INDEX. 


Jack-of-the-feather.  — Sec  Nematta- 

NON. 

Jackson,  Gen,  iv.  50  to  52  ;  55  to  GO. 
Jack-straw  serves  8ir  W.  Italc^li,  ii.  49. 
Jamks-thk-printkr,  ii.  50,  51 ;  lii.  5f),  81. 
Jamks  Sacamork. — See  Montovvamfati:. 

JaNKMO. See  NiNIGRKT. 

Jai'azaws  betrays  Focaiiontas,  iv.  17. 
Jaqiies  kills  Father  liasle,  iii.  127. 
jAfiUKT,  1'etkr,  an  Oneida  chief,  v.  107. 
Jcfl'erson's  answer  to  Utitlbn,  i.  12. 
jKFrKKv,  a  VVampanoag,  iii.  59,  65. 
Jemmy-Johnson,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  103. 
Jeofkey. — See  Geoffrey. 
Jethro,  Old,  iii.  81  ;  Tantamous,  83. 
Jethro,  Peter,  iii.  81,  83,  90. 
Jews,  ancestors  of  Indians,  i.  8. 
Jon,  Col.  dies  in  prison  at  Boston,  iii.  126. 
JoHN-NUM,  r  Wampanoajf,  executed,  iii.  61. 
John,  Sagamore. — See  Wonohaquaham. 
John,  sagamore  of  Pawlucket,  ii.  49. 
John,  accused  of  witchcraft,  ii.  120. 
John-sky,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  103, 110. 
Johnson,  Col.  R.  M.  wounded,  v.  124. 
Johnson,  Sir  William,  v.  39,  81,  n. 
Johnsion,  Charles,  captivity  of,  v.  69,  70. 
Josiah. — See  VVampatuck. 
Josiah,  Capt. — Sec  Pennahanit,  ii.  116. 
JosiAS,   Charles,  ii.   45.  —  See  Wampa- 

TUCK. 

Jumonville's  expedition  and  death,  v.  36. 

JuSKAKAKA,0r  LlTTLE-BILLY,V.  36,  71.,  110. 


K. 

Kadarakkui,  v.  8  ;  etymology  of,  14. 
Kaimes,  Lord,  on  Americans,  i.  16. 
Kankamagus  destroys  Dover,  iii.  113—116. 
Kattenanit,  Job,  iii.  87,  88,  89. 
Keewagoushkum,  an  Ottowa  cliief,  v.  140. 
Kki.elamanu,  a  Delaware  chief,  v.  65. 
KiLi.-BucK,or  Kelelamand,  v.  65. 
Keokuk,  v.  14-1.,  145. 
Keiiistone,  John,  killed,  iii.  111. 
Kennebis,  a  Tarraline  chief,  iii.  101. 
Kevveenam,  a  Wanipanoag  warrior,  iii.  61. 
Keyendeanue,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110. 
Kianuogewa,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  111. 
Richtan,  Indian  god,  ii.  32. 
KiENEMo. — See  Ninigret. 
Kimhal,  Thomas,  killed,  iii.  97,  111. 
King-crane,  a  Wyandot,  v.  72,  '3C. 
King-paine.  tiesperate  fight,  death,  iv.  GC. 
King,  absurd  name  for  chiefs,  iv.  47. 
Kinshon,  the  country  of  N.  E.  in  Iroquois,  v.  5. 
Kita   'JSTA,  iv.  35. — See  Skjjagusta. 
Killanin^destroyed  by  whites,  v.  38. 
Knight,  Dr.  a  captive,  escapes  torture,  v.  67. 
KoNKAPOT,JoHN,  aStockbridge  chief,  v. 40. 

KotiUETHAGAEEI.HON. — ScC  WHITE-EYES. 

KuMSKAKA,  brother  of  Tecumseh,  v.  127. 
KusTAi.oGA,  a  noted  Delaware,  v.  37. 
KuTSHAMAKiN,  ii.  41,  45,  4fi,  61  to  53,  83, 
^b,  100,  108,  n. ;  110,  n. ;  113;  iii,  96. 


L. 

Labials  not  used  by  some  Indians,  ii.  26. 
Labrocre,  Gen.  defeated  and  slain,  iii.  107. 
Lafayette,  Gen.,  and  Red  Jacket,  iv.  G2; 

v."l04. 
Lancaster  assaulted,  iii.  65,  80,  81. 
Landing  of  the  Pilgrims,  ii.  12. 
Land,  how  obtained  of  Indians,  v.  32,  33. 


Lane,  Gov,  Ralph,  ill-treats  Indians,  iv.  4. 

Language,  specimen  of  the  Mohegan,  ii.  87, 
Of  the  VVampanoag  and  Nipmuk,  iii.  40, 
Of  the  Tarraluie,  137,  Of  the  soulhorn  In- 
dians, iv.  24.  Of  the  Iroquois,  v.  5.  Of 
the  Sliawanee,  127.  Comparison  of  the 
Welsh  and  Indian,  132. 

Lee,  Arthur,  commissioner,  v.  65,  111. 

Leffingwell,  Lieut,  relieves  Uncas,  ii.  92, 

Letelesha,  or  Old-knife,  v.  137, 138, 

Leverett's  Narraganset  expedition,  ii.  83. 

Lewis,  Col.  killetl  at  Point  Pleasant,  v.  43. 

LiGHTFOOT,  Capt.  iii.  40,  86. 

Little-billy,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110, 

Little  Carpenter. — See  Attakolla- 
kulla. 

Little-eyes,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  68,  86, 

Little  Turtle. — See  Mishikinakvva. 

Liltafuche,  town  of,  taken,  iv. .%. 

Logan,  a  Cayuga  chief,  v.  41 ;  his  famous 
speech,  v.  4() ;  its  genuineness  doubted,  47. 

Logan,  the  Shawanee,  his  death,  v.  132, 

Long-knives  (whites),  v.  47,  tiG. 

Long-warrior. — See  Chlucco, 

Loihrop,  Capt.  his  fiefeat  and  death,  iii,  32. 

LovETT,  a  Creek  chief,  iv.  54, 

Lovewell,  Capt.  his  expeditions,  iii,  128. 

LowRY,  Col,  a  Cherokee  chief,  iv,  61. 

Lucas,  Thomas,  killed,  iii.  41. 

M. 

Mad-dog,  a  Creek,  iv.  47. 
Mad-dogs-son,  at  Autossee  battle,  iv.  61, 
Madokawando,  aTarraline,iii.  104to9,118. 
Madok  of  Wales,  iii.  110. 
Mad  Wolf,  a  Mickasauky,  killed,  iv.  92. 
Magaugo,  battle  of,  v.  125. 
Magnus,  squaw  sachem,  iii.  64. 
Mammoth,  Indian  account  of,  ;.  28. 
Manatahq,ua,  murdered,  ii.  48. 
March,  Capt.  besieged  at  Casco,  iii.  110. 
Marlborough  Indians  surprised,  iii.  38. 
Mascononomo,  of  Ipswich,  ii.  41,  46. 
Mascus,  brother  of  Canonicus,  ii.  55. 
Mason,  Capt.  ii.  78,  91,  100,  105. 
Massachusetts,  origin  of  the  name,  ii.  17. 
Massacres.— See  the  separate  heads. 
Massandowet,  of  Pennakook,  iii.  113  to 

116. 
Massasoit,  chief  of  the  Wampanojgs,  ii.  15 

to  30  ;  39,  40,  49,  n. ;  98,  99  ;  iii.  17. 
Matantuck. — See  Quaiapen. 
Matoonas,  a  Nipmuk,  iii.  79,  80. 
Mather,  Dr.  Cotton,  i.  7 ;  iii.  99,  and  n. 
Mather,  Dr.  Increase,  ii.  106,  n. ;  iii.  99,  n. 
Mattahando  Killed  at  Pemaquid,  iii.  119. 
Mautamp,  a  Nipmuk,  iii.  82,  87. 
M'Crea,  Miss,  murder  of,  i.35. 
M'GiLLiVRAY,  Gen.    Alexander,  iv.  45 

to  47. 
M'Culloh,  Dr.  J,  M.  his  researches,  i.  14. 
Medfielc!,  attack  upon,  &c.  iii.  37,  82. 
Megunneway,  a  Tnrratine,  shot,  iii.  113. 
Menatonon,  a  Virginia  chief,  iv.  4,  5. 
Menavvay,  a  Creek  chief,  iv.  53. 
Mendon,  men  killed  there,  iii.  79. 
Mfnominies,  some  murdered,  v.  144. 
Mesambomet,  of  Androscogg'in,  iii.  124. 
Merrill,  Mrs.  heroic  conduct  ol,  i.  36. 
Messesaffves  join  the  Iroquois,  v.  4,  n. 
Metacomet,  one  of  the  names  of  Philip, 

iii.  3, 
Metea,  a  Pottowaltomie  chief,  v.  139. 
MiAMTUNMOHOH,  of  Nafragauset,  ii,  7,  65, 


INDEX 


66 }  his  parentage,  68  to  67 ;  82  to  94, 107  j 
iii.  73. 

MicANOPY,  a  Seninole  chief,  iv.  72,  71.. 

Mimms,  garrison  of,  massacred,  iv.  49. 

Miiiisiiik,  great  battle  tliere,  v.  93. 

M'Intosii, Chilly,  escapes  slaughter,  iv.  51.. 

M'Intosh,  William, executed,  iv.  51  to  54. 

JVlioxKo,  of  Mnrtha's  Vineyard,  ii.  118. 

MisiiiKiNAKwA,  V.  73,74,75;  7(j  to  79. 

Mitchel,  W.  S.,  Indian  agent,  marries,  iv.  54. 

Mitchill,  Dr.  S.  L.,  on  origin  of  Indians,  i.  13. 

M'Kce,  Klliot,  and  Girty,  v.  03,  80. 

M'Krimmon  saved  from  torture,  iv.  63. 

RIoGG,  of  Norridgewok,  iii.  126,  127, 128. 

Mohawks,  ii.  45,  49,  «. ;  58,  n. ;  84  ;  iii.  37, 94, 
97,  1 13,  138  ;  tlieir  history,  v.  4. 

Mohegans,  ii.  87;  tiieir  wa-s,  97. 

MoNCACHTAPK,  his  narrative,  iv.  40. 

MoNoco,  a  Nipmuk  chief,  iii.  80,  81,  82. 

MoNOHOK,  the  Prophet,  killed,  iv.  60. 

MoNONOTTO,Pcquot  chief,  ii.  52, 102, 107,109. 

MoNopoiDE,  a  Peijuot,  iii.  49. 

MoNTow aMpatk,  a  Nipmuk,  ii.  41,  47. 

Montgomery's  Cherokee  expedition,  iv.  37. 

Montigny's  expedition,  iii.  139. 

Montreal  sacked  by  the  Iroquois,  v.  8,  10. 

MooANAM,son  of  Massasoit.— See  Alex- 
ander. 

Moody,  Mrs.  and  family,  murdered,  ii.  68. 

Moravian  Indians  massacred,  v.  24,  29. 

Morion,  Thomas,  i.  0;  ii.  17,  36. 

noLiely,  Capt.  ii.  84  ;  iii.  24, 32, 31, 77,  89,  95. 

Moses,  Sam,  killed  at  Casco,  iii.  86. 

Mossup,  ii.  53. — See  Pes.sacus. 

Moullon,  Joseph,  of  York,  iii.  108. 

Moxus,  a  Tarratine,  iii.  107,  110,  124,  139. 

MoYTOY,  a  Cherokee,  iv.  27,  28,  n. 

M'CluEEN,  a  Creek  warrior,  iv.  60. 

Mkiksah,  ii.  66,  60,  70,  75,  76,  84,  86. 

MuGG,  a  Tarratine  chief,  iii.  105,  110. 

MusHALATUBEE,  a  Choctaw,  iv.  62. 

Musq,UASH,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  61. 


N. 

Naanashciuaw,  a  Nipmuk,  ii.  49. 

Naanishcow,  a  verv  aged  Nipmuk,  ii.  49. 

Naamkeke,  iii.  95 ;  Naemkeek,  93,  n.  ;  99. 

Nahaton. — .See  Ahaton. 

Namontack,  a  subject  of  PmoUatan,  who 
sends  him  to  live  with  the  whites,  to  learn 
their  arts  ;  goes  to  England,  iv.  11. 

Namumpum,  wife  of  Al'ixandcr.— See  Wee- 

TAMOO. 

Nanaheunt,  a  WampMioag,  iii.  9. 

Nananuntnew,  a  VVampanoag,  iii.  15. 

Nanepashemet,  a  Nipmuk  of  great  fame,  ii. 
40;  his  death  and  burial  place,  41. 

Nantaquaus,  a  son  ol  Powhatan,  iv.  10. 

Nanuntenoo,  a  great  sachem  among  the 
Narraganscis,  iii.  '16 ;  his  men  defeat  the 
English  under  Capt.  Peirse,  47;  taken 
prisoner,  49 ;  magnanimous  behavior  on 
that  disaster ;  shot  at  Stonington,  50. 

Naoas,  a  Nipmuk,  ii.  50,  116. 

Naopope,  a  Sac  chief,  second  to  Black 
Hawk ;  his  own  account  of  himself,  v.  159. 

Narra^anset,  variously  written,  ii.  2!,  38  ;  its 
meaning,  23,  n.  Geography  of  the  country 
of,  63  ;  war  with  the  Pequots,  19,  n.  f  ;  un- 
fairly treated  by  the  English,  94 ;  partici- 
pate in  Philip's  war,  iii.  23 ;  send  some 
English  heads  to  the  Nipmuks,  88,  89; 
great  destruction  of  them  m  the  Fort  fight, 


19  Doc.   1676,  33;  finally  desert  Philip} 
reason  of  their  deserting  him,  91. 

Nashoonon,  a  Nipmuk,  ii.  30,  42. 

Nasheeskuck,  son  of  13lack  Hawk,  v.  165. 

Nasott,  Job,  a  Nipmuk  counsellor,  ii.  '14. 

Nassowanoo,  son  of  Nashoonon,  ii.  42. 

NataniSj  a  Tarratine  in  Arnold's  Uucbeok 
expedition,  iii.  135;  wounded  and  taken,  136. 

Natombamat,  a  Tarratine,  iii.  114. 

Natik,  meaning  of  the  word,  ii.  114. 

Natckez  oppressed  by  the  French,  iv.  '10 ; 
they  massacre  700  of  them,  ib. 

Nattahanaija,  a  Tarratine  chief,  iii.  101. 

Nattahatta wants,  a  Nipmuk  chief,  ii.53. 

Nattawahunt  (ii.  29). — Sec  Nashoonon. 

Nattawoum  IT,  father  of  A^a«(i/ianu(/a,iii.97. 

NtWASHAwsucKquarrelswiihPuinhain,ii.72. 

Neamathla,  a  noted  Seminole  warrior,  iv. 
71,94,96. 

Nec(iuash. — See  We<iuash. 

Nemattanow,  a  warrior  under  Ope.kanka- 
no  ;  executed  for  murder,  iv.  20. 

Nepanet,  Tom,  a  Christian  Nipmuk,  iii.  56  ; 
his  embassy  in  Philip's  war,  90,  91. 

Nepeoe,  a  VVampanoag  under  Caunbitant, 
ii.  29. 

Neptune,  John,  a  Penobscot  captain,  iii. 136. 

Nesutan,  Job,  a  Nipmuk,  a\A%Eliot'm  trans- 
lating the  Bible  into  Indian,  ii.  51,  112; 
killed  in  Philip's  war,  ib. 

Netaump. — See  Mautamp. 

Netawatwees,  a  Delaware  of  notc,v.2fi,27. 

Netus,  a  Nipmuk ;  depredation  of,  iii.  80. 

New-arrow,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  HI. 

New  Albion,  discovery  of,  ii.  19. 

Newbury  attacked  by  Indians,  iii.  Ill;  the 
first  born  of,  71,  n. 

Newbury,  Capt.  massacres  200  Indians,  iii.  65. 

Newcom.— See  Matoxes. 

New  England,  so  named  from  Nova  Albi- 
on, ii.  19 ;  called  Kinshon  'jy  the  Iro- 
quois, v.  5. 

Newman,  Gen.  wounded  at  Autosse,  iv.  68 ; 
at  Camp  Defiance,  ib.  Goes  against  the 
Seminoles,  66. 

Newman,  Rev.  Noah,  iii.  28,  47. 

Newport,  Gov.  duped  by  Powhatan,  iv.  12. 

New  River  settlement  destroyed,  iv.  75.    [76. 

New  Smyrna  destroyed  by  the  Seminoles,  iv. 

New  Style,  ireaning  of,  ii.  26. 

Newtown,  bi  lie  m,v.  91. 

Nianticks,  accouijt  of  the,  ii.  67. 

NicxoTAWANCE  succeeds  Opekankano, 
iv.  22. 

Nihorontagowa. — See  Big  Tr^e. 

NiMROD. — See  Woonashum. 

NiNiGRET,  sachem  of  the  Niantiks,  ii.  67;  dif- 
ficulties with  neighboring  chiefs,70;  English 
prepare  to  attack  hi.n,  who  desist  on  his 
promise  to  pay  them  the  expense  of  their 
preparation,  72 ;  new  troubles,  73 ;  all'air 
with  CuTTAQUiN  and  Uncas,  ib. :  war 
with  AscASSASSOTiK,  74 ;  journey  to  Man- 
hattan, and  jealousy  of  tne  English,  75; 
speech  to  the  Dutch,  76 ;  mortgngc  of  his 
country,  81 ;  anecdote  of  his  opposition  to 
Christianity,  82;  called  Kiankmo,  89;  re- 
solves on  war  with  the  Mohcgans,  90  ;  will 
not  make  peace  without  Uncas's  head,  91 ; 
protects  some  fugitive  Pequots,106  ;  shrewd 
reply  to  Mayhew  when  importuned  about 
receiving  Christianity,  113;  protests  against 
its  being  forced  upon  his  people,  iii.  76. 

NiNioRET,  Charles,  sod  of  the  precediuj', 
ii.  82. 


■',< 


:* 


6 


INDEX. 


NiNioRET,  George,  tomb  insciiption,  ii.  85. 
JNipmiiks  at  warwilli  the  Moliegans,  11.97; 

without  a  saclicni,  11.  18  ;  uiidor  a  S(|uaw  sa- 

clicin,  10,  100,  H. ;  abandon  1'hilif,  Hi.  91. 
'.tInTANAiioM,  a  LoiijT  Island  saclicm,  ii.  79. 
»NoM.\N,  a  Wanipanoag,  ill.  63. 
NoMo.NV,  John,  a  Ponnakook,  ill.  IM. 
NoMPASu,    a    VVain()anoBg,    Hi.   6;    celled 

Anumpash,G7;  ol  Sogkonate,  69  :  death 

of,  73. 
NoN.sEquESSEWiT,    George,    a    Nipmuk, 

ill.  81. 
Northampton  attacked  bv  the  Indians,  ill.  38. 
Norton,  Capt.  killed  by  Pequots,  11.  103. 
Norton,  John.  — See  Teyoninhokera- 

WEN. 

Norridgewok,  capture  of,  iii.  1275  properly 
Nerigwok,  119,  n. 


O. 

Oakmulge  FlcULs,  description  of,  iv.  25. 

Obbatinnua,  sachem  of  Boston,  11.  30,  40. 

Obeai.,  Henry,  son  of  Cornplanter,  v.  103, 
n.;  119. 

Obechikwod,  a  Pequot,  11.  96. 

Obtakiest,  a  Wampanoag,  11.  35. 

OccoM,  Sampson,  Mohegaii  preacher,  11. 119. 

OcKoNosTOTA,  a  rcHowned  Creek  chief,  Iv. 
33  ;  treats  wiili  Gov.  Littleton,  3'1 ;  attempts 
the  liberation  of  22  hostages,  but  falls,  and 
they  are  murdered  j  Invests  Fort  Loudon, 
35  ;  takes  it,  and  massacres  (he  garrison  ; 
attempts  Fort  Prince  George,  but  falls,  37. 

Oconnoeca,  a  Cherokee  chief,  iv.  34. 

Oconas,  a  tribe  of  Creeks,  iv.  29. 

Oetan. — See  Opitchepan. 

Ogeese,  a  Creek  warrior,  Iv.  29. 

Oglethorpe,  Gen.  settles  Carolina,  iv.  29 ; 
speech  to  the  Indinns,  30 ;  takes  several 
with  him  to  England,  31,  &c. 

Oh^uamehud,  a  Wamj.anoag,  11. 30. 

Okase. — See  Uncas. 

Okoko. — See  Uncas. 

Oi,I)-brim,  a  noted  Cree't  chief,  iv.  2J. 

Oldham,  John,  killed  by  ihe  Pequots,  ii.  1C3. 

Old-jethro,  a  Nipmuk  sachem,  ill.  81; 
Tantamous  ;  betraycid  and  hanged,  82. 

Oi.n-KNIFE. — SeeLKTyii.ESHA. 

Oi,u-quKEN.— See  Quaiapen. 

Old  Style,  rule  of  dating  in,  il.  21. 

OlWAlHLA,  CharleSjIv.  72. 

Onamog,  a  Christian  Nipmuk,  ii.  49,  116, 117. 

ONE-EVKn-JOHN. — Sec  MoNoco. 

Oneko,  son  of  Uncas,  attacks  a  defenceless 
town  of  Nipmuks,  ii.  26. 

Oiip'ida.i \o\n  the  Mohawks,  v.  4. 

Ongpatonoa,  (Hig  Ei.k,)  an  Omaha  chiof, 
v.  UW  ;  visits  Washington.  .'37. 

Onnntlagos,  third  of  the  Iroquois,  v.  4. 

Onopeiiuin,  sachem  of  Quabaog,  ii.  100 

Opachisco,  uncle  of  Pocahontas,  Iv.  18. 

Opekankano,  chief  under  Powhatan,  sa- 
chem of  Pamunky,  'v.  8  ;  brother  of  Pow- 
hatan, 13;  origin  of,  19;  seized  by  Capt. 
Smith,  20;  leads  in  a  great  massacre  of  the 
whiles,  ih. ;  attempts  another,  and  is  taken 
and  killed,  22. 

Opitchapan,  brother  of  Powhatan,  iv.  13; 
Itopatin,  15;  Oetan,  19, 

Orlskaiia,  battle  of,  v,  83. 

Oimond,  Uuke  of,  entertains  the  five  Iroquo's 
chiefs  in  England,  v.  15. 

Orvilliers,  D',  sent  against  the  SenecaS;  v.  8. 


OsEoiA,  a  brave  Seminole  chief,  iv,  70,72,73. 

Osgood,  William,  Iii.  111. 

Otash,  brother  of  Miantunnomoh,  ii.  68  j 

Yotnesh,  61  ;  an  ambassador,  106. 
Otassite,  a  Creek   chief,  treats  with  Gov. 

Littleton,  iv.  35  ;  visits  England,  27. 
Otlinvds,  origin  of,  v.  41. 
Ottsoghkoree, an  Iroquois,  v.  11. 
OuEKACHUMPA,  chief  of  Oconits,  Iv.  35. 
OuNAKANNowiNE,  a  Crcek  chief,  iv.  27. 
OuREOUHARE,  a famous  Iroquois,  v.  11. 
Outhi.etaboa,  a  Creek  chief,  iv.  29. 
OusAMEQUiN. — See  Massasoit. 
OusANATANAH,  a  liostagc,  murdered,  iv   35. 
OWAM0SiMMIN,iii.  13. 


P. 

Pachgantschihilas.  —  See  Buokonce- 

HEI.AS. 

Paddy,  William,  iii.  101. 

Paoatt,  Joseph,  a  Wampanoag,  11.  .58. 

Pahkehpiinnasso,  a  Christian  Indian, 11. 118. 

Piiine,  Nittlianifl,  ill.  14. 

Pakanke,  a  Delaware  chief,  v.  21. 

Palmes,  Maj.  in  Philip's  war,  ill.  49. 

Paniese,  chiefs  of  liigli  authority,  11.  36. 

Panis,  a  nation  upon  the  Missouri,  11.  36. 

Parish,  Col.  in  the  Seminole  war,  iv.  SI. 

Pass ACONA WAY,  a  great  chief,  ii.  47,  95;  a 
bashaba,  ill.  93 ;  farewell  address  to  his 
people;  petition  to  the  general  court,  94; 
note  on  tlie  lime  of  his  death,  ib.  95. 

Passamaquoddy,  meaning  of,  ill.  128,  n, 

Patacus. — See  Pessacus, 

Path-killer,  a  Cherokee,  iv.  55,  56. 

Patukson,  a  Wampanong,  ill.  II. 

Paugus,  sachem  of  Pequaket ;  his  memorable 
fight  with  the  English  under  Lovewell ;  falls 
in  that  fight,  iii.  128—133. 

Pawsaquens,  counsellor  to  Pliilip,  ill,  15, 

Pawtucket  fight,  iii.  47,  48. 

Paxnous,  Shawanee  chief,  v.  28, 

Pechmo,  signal  exploit  of,  11.  7. 

Peebe,  counsellor  to  Philip,  killed,  IG. 

Pegin, exploit  against  the  Nipmuks,  iii.  89. 

Peirse,Capt.  expedition  and  death,  iii.  47,48. 

Peiskaret,  an  Algonquin  ;  his  extraordinary 
adventures  and  death,  v.  II,  12. 

Pejepscot,  depredation  at,  iii.  115, 

Pekanimne  carried  ofl'by  Harlow,  il.  7, 

Pekii.i.ok,  a  Delaware,  a  traitor,  v.  61. 

Pekoatli  mistaken  for  Pequot,  il.  49,  n. 

Peksuot,  a  noted  Wampanoag  paniese,  ii. 
31,36;  cruelly  killed,  ih. 

Pemissapan. — See  Wingina. 

PENACHASoN,a  Wampanoag  warrior,  '.li.  (16. 

Pennahanit,  a  Nipmuk  convr,  1,11. 11(5, 117. 

Pcr.n's  fc-mous  treaty,  v  20,  21,  32,  119. 

Pennsylvania  grants  800  dollars  to  the  Senc- 
cas,'v.  Ill  ;  grant  to  Big  Tree,  115. 

Penobscot,  dcfiiiilion  of,  ill.  137. 

Pepper.  Robert,  escapes  Becrs's  figlil,  iii.  29. 

Peqnui,  geography  and  history  of,  11.  101. 

Pessacus,  a  noted  Narragaiisct,  ii.58;  visits 
Boston,  67;  invaded  by  an  army  of  whites, 
84;  war  with  Uncas,  90;  sends  presents 
to  Gov.  Winthrop,  92  ;  killed  by  the  Mo- 
hawks, 58,  n.;  84  ;  ill.  139. 

Perkins,  ,Iohn,  of  Agawam,  11.  46. 

Petai.esharoo,  a  Paunee  brave,  visits 
Washi;iglon,  v.  137;  great  exploit,  138. 

Petananuet,  husband  of  WEETAMoo,iil.45. 

f'ETCHERANALAS,— SeeBuOKONGAHELA8. 


riAMBOH0U,a 

Piankatanks,  a 
Pickens,  Gen.  m 
Pi'lgooii,  M;,j.  1, 
lilgriiiis  arrive  .- 
Pinchou,  Maj.  Jc 

PlOWANT,     aW 

P'PE,  C'.,-r.  v. 
Delawarcs,  58 
Pipe  of  Peace.- 
P'TVME,  Ankr 
'  ngue  among  tli 
Plato  refers  to  A 
Pocahontas  pr 
Smith,  iv,   10 
'''«,   14;  her 
Spilinan  ;  lake 
17;  marries  an 
land;  dies,  18. 
Pokanoket  descri 

POKATTAWAGG 

Poi-LARD,  a  Sen' 
roMAMSE,  a  Nar 


INDEX. 


70,72,73. 

Ill,  ii.  68  i 
10(5. 
Willi  Gov. 

,27. 

1. 

iv.  3.5. 
,  iv.  27. 
,v.ll. 

.  2'J. 

>red,  iv  35. 


BUOKONGE- 


g,  ii.  58. 
Indian,ii.ll8. 

21. 

.  19. 
,  ii.  36. 
iri,  ii.  3G. 
r,  iv.  84. 
,  ii.  47,  i)5;a 
ddress  lo  his 
,ral  court,  94; 
ib.  95. 
ii.  128,n. 

r.  55,  56. 
i.  11. 

I  his  memorable 
jovewell ;  falls 

'hilip,  iii- 15. 

28. 
7. 

illed,lG. 
imuks,  ill.  89. 
calb,  iii.  47,48. 
IS  cxlraordiuary 
,12. 
115. 

|arlow,ii.7. 
ilor,  V.  61. 
ii.  49,  n. 
loag  panicse,  11. 

|a.  . 

r  warri"'',  '•"•  ""• 
^T.t.ii.llf',  IIT. 

fcl,32, 119. 
lars  to  tlie  Scnc- 
ruEE,  115. 

i}7. 

frs's  figlil,  ii'-  20. 
Vy  of,  ii.  101.  , 
Iscl,  ii.  58 ;  visits 
1  army  of  whites, 
1-  sends  presents 
[lied  by  the  Mo- 


111.4(5. 
be   brave. 
It  exploit,  138, 


visits 


F.ETAMOO,111.45. 
OKOKGAUBI-AS' 


PETF-n ,  a  Tarratiiie,  attacks  Bradford, iii.l  1 1 . 

Pktek,  son  of  Awashoiiks,  pilots  Cliurcli 
when  I'lillip  is  killed,  iii.  51  ;  a  chief  cap- 
tain, ()'J  ;  a  messenger  from  ('hurcli,  71. 

Petek,  an  Irui)iiois,  taken  prisoner,  v.  10.3. 

Peteu  Jaiiuith,  servant  lo  Lufayelle.v.  107. 

PKWA/.E(iSAKE,  aTarratiiic  of  Neg,  ,set,  iii. 

I'liiladelphia,  its  Indian  name,  ii.  19.         [100. 

Phips,  Sir  William,  iii.  121. 

Philip  II.  ludicrous  error  concerning,!.  22. 

Philip,  sachem  of  the  Wampanoags,  comes 
in  chief,  ii.  28  ;  origin  of  his  English  name, 
iii.  3  ;  his  pe<)j>le  hold  a  war  dance, 5;  just- 
ly roused  to  war  against  the  whiles,  9  j  his 
Iiuliaii  name,  13;  makes  numerous  sales  of 
his  lands,  14,  15,16;  called  Wewasdv.  a- 
NUETT,  l(i ;  nicknamed  kin<;  Philip  by  the 
whites,  ih.  n. ;  a  cause  of  the  war  of  "1675 
explained,  18  ;  confesses  warlike  iiileiilioiis, 
and  ajjrees  lo  pay  a  tribute,  19 ;  dilHcullies 
with  I'limoutli,  20  ;  refuses  to  treat  except 
with  hise(|iial,  the  king  of  England,  2;5;  be- 
gins war,  2;! ;  fights  the  English  in  Pocas- 
set,  27  ;  ell'ecls  his  retreat  over  Taunton 
river,  28  ;  alUicked,  and  loses  several  of  his 
men  on  llehoboth  I'laiii,  ih.  ;  lights  and  cuts 
olTCapt.  Ileers,  31  ;  cuts  olTCapt.  I.ctlirop, 
32;  attacks  llatlield,  33;  retires  to  Narra- 
gansel,  ih.;  besieged  there  by  1500  English 
III  a  fort  ;  a  desperate  light ;  is  driven  out, 
aiid  many  of  his  men  are  killed,  31 — ■'}() ; 
takes  another  position,  which  lie  holds  for  a 
time,  36  ;  his  Mohawk  stratagem  fails,  37 ; 
surprises  Lancasler,  ih. ;  attacks  Medlield, 
ib.;  cuts  olVCapt.  Wadsworlh  at  Sudbury, 
38;  reircats  into  Plimouth  colony,  39  ;  at- 
tacked at  Malapoiset;  al  Bridgewaler;  his 
sister  and  uncle  killed,  ih. ;  his  wife  and  son 
taken  by  Church  with  130  others,  40;  close- 
ly pursued  by  Church  ;  swamp  fight,  41  ; 
flies  to  Pokanokct,  ib. ;  is  killed  ;  incidents 
concerning  his  fall,  42,  43,  44;  his  answer 
to  Eliot  concerning  religion,  44;  a  "blas- 
phemous leviathan,''  ih. ;  Mrs.  Rowland- 
son's  interview  with,  43 ;  his  ornaments 
possessed  by  Annawan,  55;  a  Sogkonatc 
Indian  promises  to  have  his  head,  70;  rea- 
son of  tnc  divisions  among  his  followers,  91. 

Philip,  sachem  of  Pigwoket,  iii.  132  ;  atilic 
taking  of  St.  Franci.s,  134;  at  the  taking 
of  Louisbourg,  1,3^.  [na,  iv.  7(). 

Philip,  a  Seminole  ciiief,  attacks  N.  Smyr- 

Phillips's  garrison  aii-acked,  iii.  103. 

PiAMUonou,aNipiTiuk  ruler  at  Natik,  ii.  IIG. 

Piankalanks,  a  tribe  of  Virginia,  iv.  9. 

Pickens,  Gen.  war  with  Cherokees,  iv.  67. 

Pidgeon,  Maj.  interpreter,  v.  11. 

Pilgrims  arrive  at  Pliniouih,  ii.  19. 

Piiichon,  Miij.  John,  ii.  83,  100,  n.         [14,  .58. 

PiowANT,   a  Wnmpan"'^,  iii.  4;  Piants. 

P'PE,  Cm'T.  v.  23  ;  of  the  Wolf  tribe  of  the 
Delawares,  58,  59,  60,  65,  67. 

Pipe  of  Peace. — See  Calumet. 

PrrvME,  ANt>iiEW,aNipmuk,  iii.  88,92. 

PIngue  among  the  Indians  of  N.E.  ii.  16. 

Plato  refers  to  America,  i.  5. 

Pocahontas  prevents  the  execution  ofCapl. 
Smith,  iv.  10 ;  reveals  a  plot  against  liis 
life,  14  ;  her  birth,  16 ;  saves  the  life  of 
Spilman  ;  taken  prisoner  by  the  English, 
17;  marries  an  Englishman;  goes  to  Eng- 
land ;  dies,  18. 

Pokanoket  described,  ii.  18,  19. 

Pokattawago,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  67. 

Pollard,  a  Seneca  chief',  v.  110. 

PoHAMSE;  a  Narragauset,  ii.  95. 


PoMETACOM,  name  ofPniLiP,  which  see. 

P()MPA(H)ASE,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  14. 

I'oMUMSKs,  a  Narraganset,  ii.  84. 

PoNTiAK,  a  great  Oiioway  chief,  v.  50;  be- 
gins war  on  the  English  ;  besieges  Detroit. 
53;  defeats  ('apt.  I)alycll,55  ;  taki^  several 
vess-ls,  ."Xi  ;  raises  the  siege  of  Detroit;  is 
assassinated,  .57. 

Poor,  (Jen.  deli-ais  the  Indians,  v.  91 

Pope,  John,  murderetl,  iii.  61. 

I'opham,  Lord,  seiuls  Prin  to  N.  E.  ii.  6,  7. 

I'oiluiN,  or  PoiiuoiM,  a  Narraganset,  ii.  82. 

Portsmouth,  Indian  acts  at,  iii.  111. 

PoToK  opposes  Clirisiiaiiily,  iii.  76;  taken  in 
Philip's  war  and  executed,  77. 

Potlowatlomifs.  account  of,  v.  114, 142. 

Powhatan,  sachem  of  Virginia,  iv.  7;  ex- 
tent of  his  dominions,  ih. ;  surprises  the  Pa- 
yankatanks,  8;  (Japt.  Smith  is  delivered  to 
hiin.  and  he  orders  his  execution  ;  liberates 
Smith,  10;  outwits  Newport;  plots  against 
the  English,  11;  some  (iermans  build  :i 
house  liir  him,  13,  14;  ciuleavors  to  kill 
Smith  ;  dies,  15. 

Prat,  Phinehas,  makes  a  narrow  escape,  ii.  35. 

Pronlice,  (^apt.  in  Philip's  war,  iii.  74. 

Prcs(|uc  Isle,  battle  of,  v.  80. 

PuiNTEK,  James-the. — See  James. 

Prill,  .Martin,  sails  to  N.  England,  ii.  6  ;  car- 
ries (ifVtwo  Indians  to  England,  iVi. 

Proctor  defeated  al  the  Thames,  v.  121. 

Proctor,  Lieut,  in  the  Eastern  war,  iii.  126. 

PuopiiET,  the  Sliawanee  (Eli.kswatawa  ), 
instigator  of  war,  iv.  55;  settles  on  the  Mi- 
ami, 121  ;  orders  the  light  at  Tippecanoe, 
124;  other  events  of  his  life,  127. 

PiiDPiiET,  the  Seminole. — See  HiLl.isilAOO. 

PiioPHET,  the  Winnebago  (Wabokishiek), 
V.  1(;2. 

PiJKEESHENo,  father  of  Tccumseli,  v.  127. 

PuMHAM,  a  great  Narraganset,  ii.  28,  .56  ; 
claims  Shaomel,  60 ;  troubles,  92,  94  ;  trea- 
ty, iii.  47  ;  kind  to  the  English,  73 ;  his  town 
burnt,  76  ;  his  capture  and  death,  ih. 

PUMPASA. — Sec  WOONASHUM,  or  NlMHOD. 

i'unkatecset,  great  6ght  at,  iii.  26. 
PupoMPooES,  brother  of  Sassacus,  ii.  101. 
PiiTTA(lUPPUUNCK,  a  Pcquot,  ii.  108. 
Psalter  printed  in  Indian,  ii.  51. 
Putnam,  Gen.  and  Cornplantek,  v.  116. 

Q. 

Quabaoir.i  p.tiacked  by  Uncas,  il.  99;  rut  oil 
Capt.  liutchinson  in  Philip's  war,  iii.  29. 

(lUADE'iU  IN  A,  brother  of  Massasoit,  ii.  21; 
visif,  the  Pllgrim^^  22;  treaty,  30. 

QnMAPEN,  of  grci-'l  note  and  aulhoritv 
among  the  Narragansets,  ii.  70;  in  Philips 
war;  killed  near  Warwick,  64,  65. 

Quakers,  friends  to  Indians,  iii.  StJ. 

(luAME,  a  Pequot  prisoner,  ii.  108. 

(iuANNAPOHiT,  James,  aNipmuk,  iii.  80;  a 
spy  for  the  English,  81,  87. 

(luANNAPOHiT,  Thomas,  iii.  88,  89,  92. 

(iiJANONCHET. — See  Nanuntenoo. 

(Juanowin,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  4. 

(iuAfiuALH  wounded  in  a  fight,  iii.  74. 

tluA(iuEQiUJNSET  of  (luabakonk,  ii.  99. 

(iuebeck,  meaning  of  the  name,  v.  50. 

Qnimby,  Mrs.  assaulted  by  Indians,  iii.  111. 

(Juinnapin,  a  noble  Narraganset;  son  of 
(^ONJANAf^uANn  ;  brothor-in-law  to  Phil- 
ip ;  purchase*  Mrs.  Rowlandson,  iii.  65; 
her  account  of,  67;  returns  with  Philip  to 
Pokanoket ;  shot  at  Newport,  ib. 


i    'I 


INDEX. 


QuEQUEODNKNT,  a    Narraganset,   soi   or 

QuAiAPKN,  ii.  Bl ;  Gideon,  iii.  C4. 
QuiNEMiquET,  dauKh'ro(tiuAiAFEN,iii.G4. 
QuissoHUL's. — See  Quehueol'went. 

R. 

Raisin  River,  b.ltle  of  the,  v.  129. 

RalKgli,  Sir  VV.  seKles  Virginia,  i.  18  ;  anec- 
dote of,  ii.  49,  n. ;  liis  Hisiory  of  the  World, 
50,  n. ;  beheaded,  i/>.;  visited  Carolina,  i v.29. 

Rallc,or  Uasic,  missionary  to  tlie  yy>enakies  ; 
accused  of  exciting  them  to  wiyr  with  the 
English  ;  they  offer  a  reward  for  his  head, 
iii.lM;  is  killed,  127,  128. 

Ramegin,  sachem  of  Negusset,  iii.  100,  101. 

Rat,  the.— See  Adahiu. 

Rawhunt,  anecdote  of,  iv.  10. 

Rechahecrians,  war  with  the,  iv.  22. 

Rei)-bihi),  a  Sioux,  dies  in  prison,  v.  142-3. 

Red-hawk  barbarously  murdered,  v.  49. 

Red-jacket  (SAaovEWATHA),  v.  97; 
speech  to  a  missionary,  98,  99  ;  his  acts  in 
the  war  of  1812,  100  ;  letter  to  the  governor 
of  N.  York,  100— 103;  defends  the  execu- 
tioner of  a  witch,  ih. ;  interview  with  Lafay- 
ette, 104 ;  visits  Philadelphia,  103 ;  speech, 
ib. :  his  death,  177. 

Red-sticka,  Scminoles,  iv.  G4. 

Reed,  Joseph,  a  revolutionary  worthy,  ii.  73. 

Rehoboth  bought  of  the  Indians,  ii.  27  ;  besieg- 
ed in  Philip  s  war,  92  ;  burnt,  78. 

Richard,  erroneously  said  to  have  killed 
King  Phu,ip,  iii.  'Kj,  n. 

Ridge,  Miij.  a  Cherokee  chief,  iv.  CI, 

River  Indians,  where  found,  iii.  97  j  v.  14. 

Roanoke,  settlement  of,  iv.  4. 

Robertson,  Dr.  his  manner  of  peopling  Amer- 
ica, i.  G  ;  all  men  have  one  origin,  10. 

Robinson, ,  life  saved  by  Logan,  v.  42; 

his  family  murdered,  48. 

Robinson,  John,  reproves  the  Pilgrims,  ii.  38. 

Robin's  speech  of  Logan,  v.  47. 

Robin,  a  Creek  war  captain,  iv.  29. 

Robin,  a  Tarratine,  sells  Negusset,  iii.  100, 

Robin,  of  Agawam,  prevents  the  Tarratines 
from  destroying  the  place,  ii.  46. 

RoniN. — See  Cassassinamon. 

RoBiNHooD. — See  Ramegin. 

Rodonnonakqus,  a  Tarratine,  iii.  113. 

Rogers,  Mai.  destroys  the  St.  Francis  Indians, 
in.  134. 

RoGOMOK. — See  Ramegin. 

Rolfe,  John,  marries  Pocahonteis,  iv.  18. 

Ronnkssoke,  a  Niantik,  ii.  79. 

Ross,  Adjutant,  a  Cherokee  chief,  iv.  Gl. 

RouND-HEAr,  a  Wyandot  chief,  v.  129; 
takes  Gen.  Winchester  prisoner,  ib. ;  allhe 
capture  of  Detroit;  letter  of,  130. 

Rowlandson,  Mrs.  her  captivity;  interview 
with  kin"  PHiMP,iii.43j  captured  at  Lan- 
caster, 83 ;  released,  90. 

RovvLES,  a  noted  Tarratine,  iii.  138. 

RUMNEVMARSH,    GEORCE.  —  See    WlNNE- 

PURKITT. — See,  also,  iii.  92. 

S. 

Sabatis  captured  at  St.  Francis,  iii.  135; 
another  at  Kennebeck,  136. 

Sabine,  William,  a  juror,  iii.  12. 

Saco  burnt,  and  people  killed  there,  iii.  102. 

Sacs  early  visited  hy  Jesuits;  incorporated 
with  the  Foxes,  v.  142;  war  with  the  Me- 
nominies,  144 ;  partial  sale  of  their  country, 
144 }  description  of  their  village,  and  extent 


of  their  country,  145  ;  private  insults,  ib. ; 
proclamation  of  Gov.  Reynolds  :igBiiist,116; 
driven  out  of  their  country  by  tlic  whites, 
147;  war  ensues,  119 — 138. 
Sagndahock,  colony  of,  ii.  7. 
Sagamore  John,  b  ncted   Nipmuk,  iii.  79; 

permitted  to  execute  Matoonas,  ib. 
Sagamore  Sam. — See  Shoshanim. 
SagB'nore,  title  of,  ii.  jO;  iii.  93. 
Sagoyewatha.— See  Red-jacket. 
Sakaweston,  a  N.   Eng.  Indian,  taken  to 
Eng.  by  C-'apl.  Harlow  ;  goes  with  the  Kng- 
li:<h  into  the  Roheminn  war,  ii.  8. 
Salmon  Falls  dcstroyeil,  iii.  IIG,  117. 
Sallonstall,  Sir  R.  fined,  ii.  47. 
Sam-Hide,  a  N.  England  Indian,  i.  21. 
Samkama,  Philip's  counsellor,  iii.  19. 
Samoset  visits  tne  Pilgrims  ;  his  account  of 
himself  and  country  ;  nis  dress  described,  ii. 
12;  informs  them  of  Massasoit,  13;  accom- 
panies him  to  visit  them,  22. 
Sampson,  abarbarous  Tarratine,  iii.  120. 
Sampson,  attorney  to  Philip,  iii.  14. 
Samuel,  Capt.  iil.  124 ;  a  speech,  126. 
SANAMAHONOA.-See  Stone-eatkhj V.142.) 
Sanford,  Maj.  goes  to  attack  Philip,  iii.  42. 
Sanford,  John,  VVeetamoo  complains  of,  iii. 4. 
Sannap,  olfice  of  the,  ii.  38,  «. 
Sassauopeomen. — See  Opitchepan. 
Sassenow  of  Sagadahok,  ii.  7. 
Sassacus,  chief oTthe  Pequots,  ii.  52,  n. ;  ma- 
lignant and  furious,  73 ;  rumor  of  a  marriage 
ol  his  brother  and  Ninigret's  sister,  disturbs 
the  English,  26. ;  a  .error  to  his  neighbors, 
101 ;  English  make  war  upon  him  ;  destroys 
his  tort  and  escapes,  106;  deeds  lands  to 
Winthrop,  108  ;  killed  by  the  Mohawks,I09. 
Sassamon,  JoHN,sent  on  a  mission  to  Pcquot,, 
ii.    108;  secretary  to  Philip;  preacher  at 
Namaskel ;  settled  there  by  Tuspaquin,  iii. 
9  ;  in  the  Peqiiot  war,  10;  Woosansaman, 
ib. ;  found  dead  in  a  pond,  1 1 ;  interpreter 
to  Philip,  14;  witnesses  Philip's  treaty  at 
Plimouth,  17. 
Sassamon,  Roland,  interpreter  to  Alexan- 
der, iii.  7  ;  brother  to  John,  14.  [10. 
Sassemore,  Betty,  dau.  of  J.  Sassamon,  iii. 
Sauseman,  a  principal  Sogkonale,  iii.  G6. 
Savage,  Maj.  in  Philip's  war,  iii.  89. 
Scalps  first  taken  in  Philip's  war,  iii,  2G ;  re- 
ward offered  for  by  the  Eng.  127 ;  iv.  33. 
Scarborough  taken  by  Mugg,  iii.  110. 
Schenectady,  destruction  of,  i.  31. 
Schuyler,  Ulaj.  goes  against  the  French  with  a 
company  of  whites  and  Indians,  v.  7;  with 
the  five  Iroquois  sachems,  in  England,  15. 
Scrany,  Old,  wonderful  escape  of,  i.  23. 
ScuTTUP  sells  Narraganset,  ii.  81 ;  iii.  G4. 
Sealy,  Lieut,  in  the  Pequot  war,  ii.  91. 
Seat  of  King  Philip  described,  iii.  43. 
Seminoles,  their  name  and  origin,  iv.  25 ;  wars 
with,  63— GG  ;  70-96  ;  removal  by  U.  S.  C5. 
Senauki  in  Eng.  with  Gen.Ogletliorpe,iv.30. 
Senecas,  fourth  nation  of  the  Iroquois,  v.  4. 
Seneca  supposed  to  refer  to  America,  i.  6. 
Se^uasson,  chief  under  Miantunnomoh,  ii. 

64  ;  one  of  his  men  wounds  Uncas,  88. 
Sequin,  supposed  author  ofacruel  massacre 

at  Wethersfield,  ii.  78,  n. 
Sestaretsi. — See  Adario. 
Sewan,  bags  of  wampum,  ii.  79. 
Shallisi.oske,  a  hostage  murdered,  iv.  36 
SHATTooKquis  sells  Brookfield,  iii.  82,  n. 
Shawanese,  facts  in  the  history  of,  v.  4. 
Shaw,  Jonathan,  a  juror,  iii.  12. 
Shed,  Mr.  tutor  to  Gen.  M'Gillivray,  iv.  46. 


Sheepsi 
She  1,0  K 
Shrinipio 
Shikki.i 

I'hilad. 
Shinois, 
WhsIim 
bounty 
warrior 
Frederi 
Sholan, 
ed  by  A 

SlIOSIIAN 

93 ;  hei 
and  hiui 
caster ; 
an  exclii 
from,  83 

SlLOUK  Sll 
SiMMo,  C, 

1703,  m 
Simun,  Joi 

SiNQUISTJ 

in  llie  bii 

SlNTOUtHl 

Silz,  IV'ter, 

Stjc  Nation 

Skenando 

of;  dies, 

Sketwakf 

mouth,  ii. 

Skijagust 

27  J  visits 

28;  hisdc 

Skiko,  sacli 

Slaves,  Iiidii 

Smalley,  \Vi 

Small-pox  <l( 

Smith,  Jiunc: 

Smiiii,  (Japi. 

Eng.;  so  n 

brought  to 

list  ol  Indij 

93,  /(.  ;  goi] 

dians,  iv.  1 
proceediiia 
natan,  (/;. 
show  liiin 
to    be    exJ 
aiirl  his  Ii  J 
him  ills  arl 
ib.  ,•  elecleJ 
operatfs  at 
have  himkl 
a  plot  lo  ki 
of  it,  and  il 
by  an  cxplJ 
land  (or  iiKf 
Sinilli,.S.S. 
Smith,  Uicliaii 
of  Niirni^-al 
Smiih.  Willial 
Smith,  Zm,.„, 
Sniyih,  Fr,iii(l 
Snelliiii,r,  C-i' 
takes  pri.sol 
„  121;  iniiiel 
Sochoso,  a 

S0C()NI)N0C()| 

SonconkwhI 

SoNOliKKIIof 

for  wiichcrj 
the  wliilcs, 
SOPAQUIT.. 


INDEX. 


Sheepscott,  John,  a  Tarraline,  iii.  121. 

SiiKi.oKTA.u  Creek,. son  oI'diiN  ABV,  iv.  65. 

Sliriiii|iluii,  .Sniiuiel,  Uriisier,  ii.  71. 

SiiiKKi.i.iMus,  I'uilior  ol'liOUAN,  V.  17  ;  vIhIis 
I'liiliulelpliju,  ill.;  nCiiyii<i;ii;  Ills  dealli,  Dt. 

ShinciI.s,  iiolc'tl  Delaware  cliieC,  visiled  hy 
WHsliiiif^tuji,  V.  35  ;  (tiitappoiiils  liiin,  'Xt ; 
bounl>'  ollercd  for  Ins  lieati,  37 ;  f^realesl 
warrior  of  liis  lime,  3U  ;  Ills  friendsliip  lo 
Frederick  Tost,  .i'J. 

Siioi.A.N, . sachem  of  Nashua,  11.95;  succeed- 
ed liy  IMathkw,  iii.  IJ5. 

SiiosUANiM,  a  Ni|)inuk  (Saffamore-sam,)  ii. 
'J5  ;  helrnyod  into  llic  ininds  of  iho  whiles, 
and  han<;ed,  iii.  83  ;  at  the  .sackin<r  of  l..<ui- 
casler  i  UsKATUH(iiJN,8oi  his  leller  about 
an  exchange  of  prisoners,  UU;  other  letters 
from,  U3— «5. 

Sii.DUK  saves  the  life  of  Col.  Bird,  iv.38. 

tiiMMo,  (,'apt.  chief  speaker  at  tlie  treaty  of 
1703,  ill  Casco,  iii.  121,  Vli,.  [73. 

Simon,  John,  anecdote  of,  i.  21 ;  preacher,  iii. 

SlN<iUisTKU,  a  ('reek  prophet,  iv.  58  ;  killed 
in  ihe  hattle  of  Tohopeka,  GU. 

SiNi'outiii  goes  to  Eng.  with  Gen.  O.  iv.  30. 

Sitz,  I'eler,  taken  prisoner  by  Hrant,  v.  8G. 

Six  Nations. — See  Iroquois. 

Skcnando,  a  venerable  Uneida ;  anecdote 
of;  dies,  v.  29. 

Skktwakkoks  carried  to  England  by  Wey- 
mouth, ii.  G  ;  returns  with  I'rln,  ib. 

Skijagusta,  head  warrior  of  Passetchie,  iv. 
27 ;  visits  England ;  speech  to  the  king, 
28  i  his  death,  29. 

Skiko,  sachem  of  Virginia,  iv.  4. 

Slaves,  Indian,  ii.  8,  107  j  iii.  40,  104. 

Smalley,  William,  narrative  of,  v.  G4. 

Small-pox  destroys  many  Indians,  ii.  47. 

Smith,  James,  buys  Negussel,  iii.  100. 

Smith,  (^apt.  John,  surveys  the  coast  of  N. 
Eng.;  so  names  it  from  Nova  Albion,  ii  19  ; 
brought  lo  our  notice  by  Ralegh,  ii.  49;  his 
list  of  Indian  names  of  places  in  N.  Eng.  iii. 
93,  a. ;  goes  to  Virginia ;  severe  with  the  In- 
dians, iv.  8 ;  they  lake  him  prisoner ;  their 
proceedings  with  him  ;  deliver  him  to  Pow- 
nalan,  il>. ;  practise  conjurations  upon  him  ; 
show  him  about  the  country,  9 ;  condemned 
to  be  executed ;  Pocahontas  interferes, 
and  his  lilc  is  spared  ;  Powhatan  appoints 
him  his  armorer,  10;  liberated;  anecdote, 
ib.  ;  elected  governor  of  Virjjinia  ;  Newport 
operates  against  him  ;  Pow-lialan  strives  to 
have  him  killed  ;  visits  Powhatan,  who  lays 
a  plot  to  kill  him  ;  Pocahontas  informs  him 
of  it,  and  ills  frustrated,  14;  badly  burned 
by  an  explosion  of  powder;  returns  to  Eng- 
land for  medical  aid  ;  dies  in  London,  ih. 

Smith,. S.S.  oil  the  human  species,  i.  10,  12. 

Smith.  Richard,  buys  lands  of  Massasoil.ii.  28  ; 
of  N.irniganset,  53.75,  7G,  81 ,  82  ;  ii.  3G,  47. 

Smilli.  William,  of  Rehoboth,  iii,  83. 

Smith,  Ziirliary,  killed  by  Indians,  iii.  79. 

Smyili,  Fiiuicis, messenger  to  Pessacus.  ii.  90. 

Snelliii^-,  ("ol.  speech  of  Rod-jacket  lo,  v.  100; 
lakes  prisoner  a  chief  al  Tippecanoe  battle, 
124;  ill  ihe  battle  of  Magaugo,  125. 

SocHoso,  a  grcal  Peqiioi  chief,  ii.  57.        [74. 

Soco.NdNoco,  a  Narraganset,  ii.  5G, 92,95  ;  iii, 

SuMroiNTK.KN,  a  Wainpaiioag,  iii.  15. 

SoNcoNKUHKW,  a  Wainpnnoag,  iii.  IG. 

SoNOKK.Kllooi),  a  Tarratine,  iii.  100. 

S()ONi)N(i(iisK,  a  .Seiioca,  executes  a  woman 
for  wiiclicraft,  v.  103;  tried  for  murder  by 
the  whites,  but  cleared,  ih. 

SopAQUiT. — See  Alkxander. 
18* 


SosoMAN. — Sec  Sassamon. 

Soto,  Ferdinand  de,  allcmpis  the  conquest  of 
Florida  ;  dies  in  the  country,  iv.  2G. 

Soiithack,  ('apt.  rt^lieves  ('a>c(>,  iii.  110. 

Soiilhworili,  CoiislanI,  lii.  15,  21,  58. 

Soillliworlli,  N.,  ('hurch's  lieulenaiit,  iii.  71. 

Spaniards  murder  a  I'Voiich  colony,  iv.  2(). 

S|ieeclies  ;  of  Massasoit,  ii.  21 ;  ol  Canoniciis, 
5<> ;  of  IVliantunnonioh,  i>2  ;  of  iMiaiiliiinio- 
moli  lo  Waiandance,  G.i ;  Uucas  lo  Mian- 
tuiuionioh,  GG  ;  of  Ninigrel  lo  the  niagis- 
trutes  of  Jloston,  72 ;  of  Mexhaiii,  7.j  ;  of 
Pessacus;  Ninigrel,  7G  ;  of  Pessacus,  8|. ; 
of  Pliilijt,  iii.  23,45  ;  of  Passacoiiinvay,9l  ; 
of  Waiinalancet,  98  ;  of  Assiiniua.s<|iiii.  10.) ; 
Madokawaiido.  iL.  107  ;  of  Kankaiiiagiis, 
113;  of  Capl.  Simmo,  125;  of  Ca|)l.  Sam- 
uel, iVi. ;  ol  John  Neolune,  137;  ot  Powha- 
tan, iv.  12 — 14;  of 'lomocomo  on  the  ninu- 
bers  of  the  Kii"lish,  15  ;  of  PoealionUis  to 
Capl.  Smith  in  England,  18;  of  Opekaiika- 
iio,  22  ;  of  Skijagusta  lo  the  king  of  Eng- 
land, 28',  of  Oueekachuinpa  to  tJen.  Ogle- 
thorpe, M;  'i'omocliichi  to  him,  ih. ;  the 
same  lo  the  king  of  Eng.  )'A. ;  of  Atlakiilla- 
kulla,  34  ;  of  Aloiicachtape,  'K) ;  of  iMad- 
dcig  lo  IMr.  Ellicolt,  48;  of  Wenlherford  to 
(ieii.  Jackson, 50  •,  of  Mushalatubec  to  Oen. 
Lafayette,  G2;  Pashamala  to  him,  i7>. ;  of 
Grangulaeo|)ak,()8  ;  of  Rig-warrior,  G9;  of 
Oseola,  72;  of  (irangula,  v.  G;  of  Adario, 
9  ;  of  the  Five  Sachems  to  (iueen  Anne, 
14;  of  Canassalego,  19;  of (ilikliikan  ;  of 
Half-king,  22;  Nelawatwees  ;  of  'I'adeus- 
kund,  2G ;  of  Red-jacket  lo  a  missionary, 
98  ;  on  witchcraft ;  lo  Lafayette,  104  ;  to 
gov.  Penn.  105;  of  Farmer's-brother,  108; 
of  Cornplant  lo  Gen.  Washington,  113;  of 
Tecumseh,  121  ;  of  Hlack-lhunder,13G  ;  of 
On'jpatonga,  137;  of  Petalesharoo,  138; 
of  Sletea,  139;  of  Keewagoiishkuni,  MO; 
of  niack-hawk,  144;  of  LitUe-black,  149; 
ofNeapopc,  159  ;  of One-cyed-Decorie,  ii.  ; 
of  lilack-hawk  on  his  surrender,  IGl  ;  his 
speech  to  Pres.  Jackson,  1G4 ;  of  Waboki- 
eshiek,  IG7. 

Spkkn,  Abram,  a  Nipmuk,iii.  81. 

Spkf.n,  Jamks,  a  Nipmuk,  iii.  88;  narrow 
escape  from  Mohawks,  98,  n. 

Spkkn,  John,  teacher  al  Naiik  ;diesadrunk- 
ard.  ii.  IIG;  Thomas,  of  Nalik,  il>, 

Spilman,  Henry,  his  life  saved,  iv.  17. 

Spoonant,  Joskph. — See  Watapacoson. 

Spriiiglicld,  attack  upon,  iii.  32. 

Spring,  Dr.  S.  chaplain  with  .Arnold,  iii.  13C. 

SftUAB.SKN,  a  Wampjaiioa"-,  iii.  4. 

S(iUAMAU(i,  counsellor  to  Wampatiik.ii.  44. 

S(iUAMATT,  son  of  .'Vwashonks,  iii.  G7. 

SiiUANDo,  sagamore  of  Saco  ;  account  of  his 
singular  vision,  iii.  102;  insult  lo  his  wife  a 
cause  of  the  eastern  war,  ?A. ;  burns  Saco, 
103;  restores  a  captive,  104;  a  powow.ii. 

SciUANTo,  a  Wampanoag,  carried  to  Eng- 
land, ii.  2  ;  errors  of  authors  concerning,  7: 
resided  in  London  ;  interpreter  for  the  pil- 
grims, 14;  his  death,  15;  the  only  Indian 
who  escaped  the  great  plague,  Ifi  ;  saves  iho 
life  of(Jiii)l.  Dormer,  20  ;  accompanies  iMas- 
sasoitlo  Plimoutli,23  ;  his  manner  of  catch- 
ing eels  for  the  English, !/(. ;  taken  ;irisoner 
by  Cauiibilaiit,  29  ;  liberated,  7'/). ;  uses  de- 
ception, 38  ;  pilots  the  English  to  Massa- 
chusetts, 40  ;  Sf/iMntiim  so  named  from,  42, 

Squa  w-SACHKM,  of  Massachusciis,  ii.  40; 
widow  of  Nanopashemct ;  marries  Wcb- 
cowit,  41 J  treats  with  the  English,  42. 


■U 


i 


io 


INDEX. 


SavAW-SACHEM. — Sco  Maonus  nnd  Wr.r.- 

TAMOU. 

Shuiiikayskt  murders  W,  Hngiinl,  ii.  4B. 

HiiiikIMi,  Aloxnii(li-r,  iii.  71. 

Hluiidisli,  C'iijil.  Miles,  difficiillics  wi(h  the  In- 
dians, ii.  If),  2.'i;  iiiijs  Mnssiisoit  agoinstCa- 
Donicus,  !27  ;  sent  ngaiiist  Cniuilnlniit,  'iii; 
disrovers  a  plot  to  ^■ut  oil'  llie  Knglisli  among 
(he  liuliaiis,  .i2  ;  s(>iit  against  them,  '.iH ;  kills 
the  cliiel',  I'KKslior,  ih. 

Stnllord,  ('apt.  massacres  Indians,  iv.  5. 

titunloii,  'I'liomas,  ii.  71,  7d,  (id,  &J,  'M  ;  John, 
iii.  I'J  ;  Uoliert,  ib. 

St.  <'lalr,  (ion.,  his  acrount  of  the  disaster  of 
his  army,  v.  71. ;  hiogruphiral  notice  of,  7(1, 
n. ,'  conunissioner  at  Fort  ilarmcr,  111. 

Steiiart,  Capi.  u  prisoner,  iv.  37,  .38. 

Stevenson,  Mai.  (h^Ceated,  v.  1 12. 

St.  Francis,  trine  of,  destroyed,  iii.  13-I.. 

St.  (jlrcgory,  opinion  of,  respecting  a  country 
west  of  Kuropc,  i.  G,  and  n. 

Stillman,  Maj.  defeated,  v.  149. 

St.  Leger  invests  Fort  Htanwjx,  v.  83. 

Stockweil's  cnptivity,  iii.  U8,  ;i. 

Stone,  Capt.  kdled  l>y  IVquots,  ii.  102,  103. 

Stonk-katkk  (Sanamalionga),  v.  121,  112. 

Stonk-wai.i.-john,  iii.  77  ;  killed,  78. 

Stoughton,  Cant,  in  the  I*e(|uot  war,  ii.  107. 

Street,  (Jen.,  15.  Hawk  delivered  to,  v.  ItJO. 

Strickland's  I'lain,  battle  of,  ii.  6!). 

Strong,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110. 

Sluart,  Isaac,  account  of  Welsh  Indians,  i.  3G. 

Stukely,  Sir  Lewis,  receives  the  son  of  Poca- 
hontas to  educate  him,  iv.  18,  I'J  ;  betrays 
Sir  VV.  Ralegh,  20 ;  dies  in  wretchedness,  ib. 

Sturgeon  Oeek.  attack  upon,  iii.  111. 

Sturgis,  Edward,  a  juror,  iii.  12. 

Style,  of  keening  the  year,  ii.21, «. ;  difference 
between  O/rf  and  AVm:,  iii.  117,  n.  /   118,  it. 

Sugarloaf-iiill,  battle  of,  iii.  31,  32. 

Sullivan,  (ien.  Indian  expedition,  v.  91. 

Si'NK-sQUAW. — See  Quaiapen. 

SuNSKTO,  a  Mohegan,  ii.  85. 

Sus«li'\NKH.— See  Pessacus. 

Susup,  a  Penobscot,  tried  for  murder,  iii.  13G. 

Swamp-fight  at  Pocasset,  iii.  27;  in  Narra- 
ganse.,  S-l;  near  Taunton  River,  40;  near 
Waruick,  G6.  [ca,  i.  IG. 

Swinton,  Dr.  John,  on  the  peopling  of  Amcri- 

Syll,  Capt.  in  Philip's  war,  iii.  89. 

SVMoN,a  noted  Tarratine,  aChristian  Indian; 
attacks  Newbury,  iii.l  II  ;  attacks  Sturgeon 
Creek,  ib.;  his  depredations  at  Casco,  112. 

T. 

Tadeuskund,  a  noted  Delaware   chief,  v. 

28  ;  events  of  his  life,  28,29  j  his  death,  ib. 
Tahatdner,  son  murdered,  li.  117.  [ii.  117. 
Tahatawan. — See  Nattaiiattawants, 
Talcot,  Maj.  cuts  off  Quaiapen,  iii.  65. 
Talladega,  battle  of,  iv.  67. 
Talmon,  Peter,  complains  of  Philip,  iii.  IG. 
Tammany,   an  ancient   Delaware,  v.   IG  ;  a 

society  named  for  ;  legends  concerning,  17. 
Tame-king,  a  Creek,  iv.  4G,  47. 
Tamoueesam,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  C5. 

TaNTAMOUS.— SceOl.D-JETHRO. 

TANTOfiUiESON,  a  Mohegan  capt.  seizes  Mi- 
antunnomoh,  ii.'G4,  n ;  his  life  attempted,  G9. 

Tantum,  a  New  Eng.  Indian,  assists  Capt. 
Smith  in  his  survey  of  the  coast,  ii.  8,  n. 

Ta(Iuansicke,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  14. 

Tarhe,  or  the  Crane,  a  Huron  chief,  v.  131. 

Turratines,  dreaded  by  the  Indians  of  Mass. 
ii.  17, 40,  42, 46 ;  country  of,  iii.  93. 


Tahdivi kin,  chief  of  the  Androscoggins,  iii. 
ID.') ;  speech  in  the  I'aconnet  council,  ib. 

Tasiitassih  K,  ancient  chief  of  the  Nurra- 
gansets  ;  fnlher  of  Cnnonicus,  ii.  M. 

TAssA<ii;ANA'viTr,  a  Narragnnset,  ii.  95. 

Tassucke,  a  Tarrnline,  iii.  lOl. 

Tatamomok  sells  hinds  in  Swnnzcy,  iii.  1  ; 
lands  near  Pokanoket,  15;  Atunkamo- 
niake,  ib.  ji. 

Tat(  iimuAtiii,  a  Creek  chief,  iv.  29. 

Tato.'*()n,  a  noted  Wampanoag  capt.  under 
Philip,  iii.GO  ;  surprises  Clark's  garrison,  01 ; 
surrenders  to  the  whites,  who  behead  him, 
(>2  ;  further  notice  of,  85. 

Tattacommet,  iii.  (i5,  G7  ;  Tokknmona,73. 

Ta  VosEK,  one  of  I'hilip's  council,  iii.  19. 

1'a  WEKAKET,  a  noted  Iro(|uois  cliief,  i.  31. 

'rAYi.oR,  Capt.  a  Cherokee  chief,  iv.  Gl. 

Taylor,  Uebeccn,  a  cai)tive,  iii.  120. 

Teasi.aegee,  son  of  Cornplanter,  v.  120. 

Tecumseii,  chief  of  the  Shawanees,  endeav- 
ors to  raise  the  Creeks  against  the  whiles, 
iv,  55;  early  exploit  of,  v.  120;  speech  to 
(iov.  Harrison,  121;  dillicultics  with,  )Z>.  ; 
prevents  barbarities  among  his  warriors, 
124;  defeats  the  Americans  under  Van- 
horn,  125;  various  traits  of choracler,  I2G; 
incidents  nnd  anecdotes,  127;  fights  the  Am. 
at  the  river  Tliiunes,  and  is  killed,  124. 

TEEYEENEH()GAR(>vv,one  ofllic  five  Iroquois 
who  visiletl  England  in  1710,  v.  14. 

Telfair,  Cov.  and  M'CJiliivray,  iv.  4(>. 

Temperance,  Indian  advocate  of,  iv.  G8. 

Tensau  settlement  destroyed,  iv.  55. 

Teyoninhokerawen  (John  Norton)  visits 
Eng., v.  131  ;  at  the  canturc  of  Niagara,  132. 

Thacher,  Anthony,  ii.  22. 

Thebe.— See  Pebe. 

Thcopompus  refers  to  America,  i.  3. 

Thomas,  John,  dies,  aged  110,  ii.  49. 

Thomas,  of  Nemasket,  iii.  10. 

Thomas,  of  Nashoba,  ii.  118. 

Thomas,  a  Tarratine  of  Negusset,  iii.  100. 

Thompson,  Gen.  killed  in  Florida,  iv.  81. 

Thorowgood,  T.  on  origin  of  the  Indians,  i.  8. 

Till,  Joshua,  executed  as  a  traitor,  iii.  35,  n. 

Tilden,  Joseph,  ii.  46. 

Tilton,  Lieut,  attacked,  iii.  12G. 

lIMPOOtHlE-BARNUEI.. — See  BARNARD. 

Tippecanoe,  battle  of,  v.  124. 

I'ipjiin,  Lieut,  kills  Mugg,  iii.  110. 

TisPEQDiN. — See  Watuspe^uin. 

TisQUANTUM. — See  Squanto. 

Tituba  accused  as  a  witch,  ii.  118,  119. 

ToBAcco-KATER,  a  Muscogee,  iv.  44. 

Tobacco,  act  against  disorderly  drinking,  ii. 
22,  w.  .■  first  carried  to  England,  49,  n. ;  Up- 
powok,  iv.  G. 

Tobias. — See  Pocgapanosso  (iii.  10,68). 

Toby. — Sec  Nauhnocomwit. 

Tockamok,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  14. 

Tohatooner  — See  Nattahattawants. 

Tohopcka,  battle  of.  iv.  51,  GO. 

ToKAMAHAMON,a  Wampanoag,  ii.  14;  faith- 
ful to  Eng.,  25 — 29 ;  aids  Standish  against 
CaunbilanI,  ib. 

ToKAMoNA. — See  Tattacommet  (iii.  20). 

Tokinosh,  aChristian  Indian,  ii.  118. 

Toi.ony,  Awashoiiks's  husband,  iii.  G5,  C7. 

Tom -J  EM  MY. — See  Soonongise. 

Tom-the-infant,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  103. 

Tom,  Taioson's  brother's  son,  iii.  Gl ;  per- 
haps Penacliason,  85. 

Tom,  Capt. — Sec  Wattassacomponom. 

Tom,  Capt.  a  noted  Tarratine,  attacks  and 
kills  people  at  Hamnin",  iii.  123 


INDEX. 


11 


ToMociiinii,  snchcni  of  Ynmncrnw,  iv.  29  ; 
inlervifw  willi  (joii.  ()gl«'tlior|)(' ;  ffoos  wiili 
him  to  Hii^., ;)()  1  Ills  si>eucli  (o  (Ik-  King, '/'., 
returns  to  (,'uroliiiu  }  (lies;  moiiiiniciit  to  his 
mi'Miory,  ',i\. 

Toivitx  oMi),  t'oiinsellor  to  I'owhiitnn  ;  sent  to 
Kn^.  as  a  spy.  iv.  I  I  ;  liis  sia^nlMr  cnuniu- 
ration  of  the  Hnf;li»li,  15 ;  marries  Poca- 
lioiitus's  sister.  Hi. 

TooNAKowi  L'oes  to  England,  iv.  2'J  ;  figlits 
tilt'  Spanianfs,  M. 

Tditi'Ki.Mtrr,  a  Tarrnlinc  sarliem,  iii.  122. 

ToTiU'oToMol  notired  in  lliidihras,  iii..'j;j ;  of 
Pamunkev -,  successor  of  Nikoiowance  ; 
killed  in  lli(>  Uecliahecrian  war,  iv.  2^i. 

ToTosoN. — Se(!  Tatoso.n. 

T<iur,  l.ord  <le  la,  iii.  123. 

INiwiisend  treats  with  Indians,  iii.  121. 

Tra<lilioiis  not  to  l>e  relied  u|>oii,ii.  M,'J2\  iv.25. 

Treat,  Maj.  relieves  Mosely,  iii.  .32. 

Treaties  with  Mnssasoit,  ii.  2'J;  another,  21' ; 
with  nine  sachems,  ,'iO;  the  Massachusetts, 
4);  the  Nipmuks,  42 ;  Miantuinioinoli  anil 
Uncas,  (iO  ;  Narragansets,  70 ;  another,  1)1 ; 
Pcqiiots,  102;  I'liifip,  iii.  17  ;  Narramnsets, 
27 ;  Tarratines  in  cnnoes,  lOfi  ;  Pemma- 
qiiid,  109  ;  seven  chiefs  in  Hiigland,  iv.  28; 
Paine's  Landing,  71  ;  Fort  (irecnville,  v. 
81 ;  Fort  Ilarmer,  111  ;  IJIack  Hawk,  1 1?. 

Troup,  Oov.  of  (Jcorgia,  iv.  .'j.'J.  ."jl-. 

'I'lueman,  Maj.  and  others,  murdered,  v.  03. 

Ttu-kabatchees,  iv.  48;  Tnckabatche,  51. 

TucKi'oo. — ISec  Watukpoo. 

Ti;kapkwii.i,in,  a  preacher,  ii.  50  ;  iii.  88. 

TuMMADoKVoN,  a  Tarratine,  iii.  1(X). 

Turner,  Capt.  ii.  52,  71 ;  killed,  iii.  7.1 

Turner's  Falls,  great  fight  there,  iii.  Tl ;  im- 
properly so  called,  75,  n. 

Turner,  Humphrey,  ii.  45. 

Tutrarorns  join  the  Iroquois,  v.  1.. 

Tu.sfiuor.KN,  iii.  58,  n. — Sec  TisPAquiK 

TusKill  vjo,  a  Seminole  chief,  iv.  65. 

TwKNTV-cANOKS,  a  Sencca  chief,  v.  110 

Tiiighliries  at  war  with  Iroquois,  v.  fi. 

Two-GUNS,  ;\  .Seneca  chief,  v.  110. 

TvASHti,  one  of  Philip's  captains,  iii.  63. 

u. 

Um.vathum,  iii.  16. — Sec  Woonashum. 

Umpame,  Indian  name  of  Plimouth,  iii.  67. 

(Jmptakisokk,  a  VVampanoag,  iii.  16. 

Uncas,  favored  by  the  Eng.  ii.  62  ;  war  with 
Scquasson,  ii  64  ;  war  with  Miantuiinomoli, 
66  ;  besiege'  in  his  fort,  6!) ;  attempt  to  kill 
him,  73;  omplains  of  witchcraft,  71 ;  his 
deprcdat.ous  iiponNinigret,77,78;  the  Eng. 
blind  to  his  faults,  SO;  murders  (Mght  of  his 
neighbor  luds.  ;  his  character,  85;  outlived 
his  enemies,  ib. ;  his  arts  in  the  I'cquot  war, 
87  ;  his  various  names,  61  ;  renders  the  Eug. 
great  service,  87 ;  wounded,  88 ;  plot  against 
Miantuniiomoh,  ih. ;  his  treatment  of  him, 
90 ;  war  with  Pessacus  ;  relieved  by  the 
Eug.  ih. ;  attacks  aNarragansel  sachem,  95; 
trial,  96;  found  guilty  of  a  "  denilish  false- 
hond"  ih. ;  forcibly  lakes  another's  wife,  96  ; 
a  like  com|>lnint  against  him,  97;  makes  war 
uponOusamcqiiiji,  98  ;  Eng.  march  against 
hnn,  100;  in  the  l'e<|uot  war.  105;  screens 
fugitives,  107;  a  Christian,  iii.  12  ;  aids  the 
Eng.  in  Philip's  war,  28  ;  protests  against 
the  introduction  of  Christianity  among  his 
nation,  ii.  113. 

Uncalannisnel,  since  Millou,  ii.  62. 

Underhill,  Capl.  John,  ii.  68,  105,  106. 


UwKoMpnm,  tincio  to  Philip,  ii.  28  ;  hid  chief 
counsellor,  ii,  14,  n. ;  claims  lands  in  Swan- 
zev.  Hi  ;  signs  a  Ireniy  nt  I'limoulh,  17  - 
called  Woonkaponeliunt,  19  ;  VVohkoinjii^ 
heiiilt,  20;  killed  nt  'raiinlon  River,  39. 

(IppANiPPAHi)KM,  a  Nipiuuk,  ill.  B4. 

Uppowoc  (tobacco),  iv.  ii. 

IJsKDTiiiKiUN. — See  Siiosii  \ni!H. 

ir-rTAMAToMAKIN. — See  'I'     MOKDMO. 

Ui"rs<)u>VEK!*T,a  Wumpano.ig  warrior,  iii.GI. 


V. 

V'auhorn,  Maj.  defeat  of,  v.  125. 
Vaudreuil,  (lov.  attacks  N.  E.  iii. 


140. 


17. 


\'ene;'as  oi.  peopling  America,  i.  7. 
Vercheres  killed  nt  Haverhill,  iii.  I4<). 
Verazziiii,  his  voyage  and  ilealh,  ii.  4. 
Vines,  Uichard,  early  in  N.  England,  ii. 
Virginia,  seltleiiiciil  of,  iv.  1 1— ii. 
Vixoii,  Hubert,  jr.  n  juror,  iii.  12. 
Vpi<  AS. — See  Uncas. 
Voliiey,  C.  F.  on  the  Indians,  v.  77,  70. 
Voltaire  on  the  Indians,  i.  5,  12;  v,  21. 
VssAMEOiN. — Sec  Massasoit. 


W. 

Waran,  ii.40,. 53, 112, n.,  Ill—I  16; iii.l  1,81. 
W'dliiri^d,  River  Iniliruis,  iii.  97  ;  v.  14,  n.  H. 
WAHoKiKsiiiKh,  a  Winnebago,  v.  MA— l(i,}. 
Wacjiisokk  (I'liii.iP),  iii.  4,  16,84. 
Wadsworth,  Cnpt.  defeat  and  death,  iii.  38. 
Wadsworlh,  John,  of  I'limoulh,  iii.  12. 
VVAiKiuiWAcuT  visits  llosiuu,  ii.  49,  lOt!. 
WAiiowAii.iii.  114,129. 
VVaiandansk,  ii.  63,  74  ;  acts  of,  ib. 
Waiie,  Serg.  Richard,  ii.  75,  m. 
Wakely,  Mr.  his  family  murdered,  iii.  103. 
Wai.cht,  the  ruler,  iii.  II. 
VValdron,  Mnj.  ii.  58,  n. :  iii.  97  ;  killed,  115. 
Wai.kkh,  Maj.  a  Cherokee  chiel',  iv.  61. 
Walking-Purchase,  v.  .33. 
Wai.k-in-thk-watkh,  v.  126,  130, 131. 
Walton,  Col.  expedition  of,  iii.  120. 
Wai.umhk. — See  VVouombo. 
VVAMiiKRqiTA.sKK,  n  Peouot,  ii.  109. 
Wamesit,  Indians  burnt  there,  ii.  117. 
l\'am))(nino^s,  dominion.s  of,  ii.  18. 
Wampapaciuan  executed,  iii.  12. 
WAMPVTurK,  JosiAS,  sclls  Bostoii,  ii.  45; 

sachem  of  Namassakeesel,  iii.  17. 
VVampatuck,  son  of  Josias,  sells  Braiiilree, 

ii.  44  ;  some  of  his  people  killed  by  Uncas, 

80  ;  his  Mohawk  war,  45. 
Wampkv,  G.  ii.  45  ;  ''  a  .shm  Indian,"  iii.  12. 
VV^lMPUM,  its  value,  ii.  71  ;  how  made  ;"  Jino 

nor  Devil  can  couulerfeit,"  iii.  45;  signifies 

a  muscle,  55,  n. ;  value  of.  66. 
Wamsutta.— .See  Ai.f.xandkh. 
Wanaduounbuf.nt,  a  Tarratine,  iii.  124. 
Wan  \matanamk.t,  of  .\quidnek,  ii.  60. 
Wannai.ancf.t,  sachem  of  Merrimak,ii.l17; 

made  prisoner,  iii.  95;  friend  of  the  whites, 

ib. :  Gov.    letter  to,  96  ;  restores  captives, 

97;  Mosely's  depredations  on.  97  ;  impiis- 

oned  for  debt,  98  ;  of  Pennnknok,  1 14. 
Wanno.  a  VVampanoag.  iii.  10,  12,  15,  CO. 
Wanuiio,  a  Mohegau  sachem,  ii.  85,  n. 
WANUNfioNET,  a  noted  Tarratine,  iii.  110. 
Wapansktii,  a  Poiiowniiomie,  v.  153, 
War  first  proclaimed  in  N.Eiifj.  ii.  36;  all  wars 

barbarous.  V.  94;  l.iud  principal  cause of,74t 
WARFtiJNcUNT,  a  Penobscot  chief,  iii.  124. 
Washinglon,  Gen.   iv.  46;  embassy  to   4hc 

French,  v.  35—37 ;  measures  of*,  towards 


H    I 


I 

!l    I 

I    : 
^'- 

ty  ._ 
?  ■:  1 


11 


INDKX. 


Iho  wPDlrrn  Indiani,  73 ;  answer  to  Corn- 
plniilcr,  I  IT)  ;  iiIidwh  him  klncliii'mi,  110. 

Wa  sill  INK. — Mff  A  WAKIIAKS. 

WASiNVMHiiMtr,  a  'riirraliiii',  iii.  121. 
W«NN  vi'iN  KWAT,  liriiilii-r  of  Oliinkicit,  ii.'M. 
Wak.siikmki  ,  a'l'iirriiiiiio,  iii.  lOI. 
Watai- \(  Dsoix,  a  M|>imiii,  iii.  HI. 
Wai  Ai'A  i\iii'K,  n  \V'ani|inmiHK,  iii.  11. 
Wa  roMiiAMKT,  a  'I'iirralinc,  iii.  1»«. 
VValsoa,  Jiilin,  liiilian  h^mmiI,  iii.  iii. 
Walsoii,  IVIaJ.  ill  Ori^ikaiia  halllc,  v.  RS. 
VVattani'Mon,  a  Tarraliiic,  iii,  I'il,  I'iH. 
Watta?'A(  (iMl'KNoM  oxrciilcd,  li.  117. 
Wa  rr^,  John,  a  ('r«'«-k  warrior,  iv.  'Ui. 
Watiiki'iiii,   coiiiiscllor    Id   I'liilip,    iii.    I<0 ; 

lakni  iirisiiiicr,  <>!. 
W,\Ti'si'K<ti'iN,  xrcat  Wain|inii()ajf  ra|>lain, 
iiaclicin  of  Assawomsct,  iii.  !);  si'ciirily  tor 
Tdhins,  12  ;  suIN  lands  with  I'liilip,  If!  jolli- 
er sales,. Oil ;  Imriis  pari  oCHridncwalcr  and 
I'lini'iiiili,  bti  ;  .snrrcn.  to  Kii<r.,excriilcd,liU. 
WAlMiiiwAMiNii,  a  Narraifniisrl,  ii.  !>.'>. 
Wa\v\i.(iam,  wifv  (>riMiaiiiunii()iii(ili,  ii.  Gl. 
Wawnaiiton,  a  Yankton  cliii-f,  v.  135. 
VViiymoiilli,  Capl.  voynffu  of,  ii.  5,  (i. 
Wayne,  (Jpii.  named  l>y  tlio   IikIs.  v.  77;  liiii 
expudiiion  afj^ninst,  UU ;  dofuats  the  south- 
ern Indinns,  iv.  CH. 
Wkathk.rfori),  a  Trerk  rhief,  iv.  4fl  ;  mas- 
sarrt's  the  p^arrison  at  Fori  IVlimms  ;  gives 
himselfup, 'W  ;  spcorh  to  (Jen,  Jackson,  50. 
Wkhcowit,  a  Nipnuik,  ii.  4iJ. 
WKCdi'AifiiiM,  a  vVuinpanoa?,  iii.  14. 
Wkktamoo,  wife  of  Alexander,   a  "  potent 
prinress,"  iii.  3  ;  romplains  again.st  iier  liiis- 
onnd,  4  ;  joins  Philip,  5  ;  wife  of  (tuinnapin ; 
drowned,  5,  fi  ;  "  a  proud  dame,"  6fi. 
Wkhanipwnowit,  sarhcm  of  N.  H.  iii.  100. 
Weiser,  Conrnd,  inlerpreler,  v.  18,  ID. 
Welsh  Indians,  i,  'M  ;  iii    110. 
Wells,  ailark  upon,  iii,  107. 
Wknk.movkt,  a  Tarratinc,  iii.  108. 
Wk.  iKW,  n  Narraffanset,  iii.  27. 
Wei  wciiim,  a  Nnrragnnsel,  iii.  27. 
Wkpitkamok,  his  son,  and  20  others  killed, 

ii.  80  ;  Wc!)atamuk,  8-1,  95.  102. 
Wkquash,  a  Pequot,  ii.  r)7,  74,  95,  9fi,  105. 
Westbrook,  Col.  his  expedition,  iii.  127. 
Western  Antiquities,  i.  39 — 4«. 
West,  I  laneis,  romplains  of  Philip,  iii.  17. 
Weston,  Capl.  Thomas,  ii.  15,  33. 
Weihersfielil,  massarre  there,  ii.  78. 
Wewasowanukt  (Philip),  iii.  16,  48. 
Wcynioulli,  Edward,  iii.  111. 
Whk.k.i.barrow,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110. 
Wheelock,  l)r  Elcazer,  ii.  119. 
Wheclwrifflit,  Rev.  John,  iii.  100. 
Whitk-kyk.s,  first  captain  among  the  Dela- 
wares,  v.  2(i ;  nfTairs  with  Pipe,  CI ;  Indian 
name,  fiO  ;  death  of,  27. 
White,  (ipii.  destroys   he  Hallihees,  iv.  67. 
While  Hills,  descri;-. ion  of,  iii.  131,  n. 
Whitk.-i.ion,  r.  Huron  chief,  v.  124. 
Whitk-i.oon,  a  Wiimehago,  v.  142. 
While,  Nalhaniel,  a  captive,  iii.  121. 
While,  Peregrine,  the  first  born  in  N.  E.  iii.71. 
Whitk-thundf.r,  an  Iroquois,  v.  36, 
Whilmiiii.  Vallenline,  interpreter,  ii.  76. 
Wickahaug.  ambush  at,  iii.  29. 
Wickliird.  deprcdalions  at,  iii.  3fi. 
Wilcox,  Daniel,  interpreter,  iii.  fi9. 
Wii.Dnow.  Sam,  a  Narragansel,  iii.  77. 
Willard,  Maj.  ii.  48  ;  sent  against  Uncas,  99; 

relieves  Hronkficld,  iii.  29. 
Willei,  C.ipl.  Thomas,  iii.  fi,  8,  1.5, 
Willet,  Col.  Marinus,  iv.  4G;  v.  85,  91. 


Williamiton,  Col.  hii  cxpe<lilion.  v.  23,  Sfi. 

Williainson,  II,  on  otifjni  of  lii(linn»,  i,  7, 

Williams,  John,  captivity  of,  iii.  |4|. 

Williams,  Col.  E,  killed  at  I.,  (irorge,  v,  ^0. 

Wilhiims,  Roger,  ii.  17;  kind  to  Indians,  27; 
his  iiccoiint  ol  the  Narragaiiveli,  ,'>,'> ;  not  dI- 
loweil  to  visit  lloslon,lil  ;  inlerpreler,  9.'!. 

WiNriiMiiDNK.,  wile  of  Monoiiollo,  ii,  110; 
saves  the  lifi-  of  an  I'.nglishmmi,  ih. 

Winchester,  (icn.  his  deleal,  v.  IJ!). 

WiNOKNiiM,  a  Delaware  chief,  v.  (17,68, 

WiN(;iNA,  a  '» irginia  rhief,  iv,  4,  3, 

WiitHfliitifoei,  tribe  of,  v,  141,  143. 

Wl  N N  K.-M  A  K  .opposes  'IVciiinseli,v,122;  foneht 
at  Tippecanoe,  I.i3  ;   killed  by  Logan,  u>. 

WiNNKi'DKKiTT,  SOU  of  Naiiapaslieinet,  ii, 
_41  ;  his  marriage,  47;  anenlote,  iii,  94. 

Winiiipisiogee,  Nipisipiiiue,  iii.  1 10. 

Winslow,  (vlward,  ii.  19,  24,  2.5,  28,  31. 

Winslow,  Maj.  iii.  7,  1.5;  commands  in  the 
Narragansel  ligtil,.'l.5  ;  wiiiiiided,  71. 

Winslow,  Nathaiiiei,  of  Plinioulh,  iii.  12. 

Winihrop,  (iov.  ii.  27.  KJ,  62. 

WispoKK. — .See  WoosPAsurK.  iii.  26. 

WissKMK.MKT  ( Niiainemet),  iii.  121,  128. 

WiTTAWASH,  a  Niirragnnsel,ii.70,  95. 

WiTTDWAMK.T,  a  Wampaiioog  chief,  ii.  32  ; 
surprised  and  slain,  'M\. 

WoAKDMPAWiUN. — .See  llNroMPoiw. 

W(iHK(ti)oB,  a  Narragansel,  iii.  27. 

WoiiAWA,  iii.  1(X).— See  Hopkhood  (116). 

Woi.K-KiNfi,  a  Creek  rhief,  iv.  2.3. 

Woi.F,  a  Mohegan,  v.  40 ;  a  SImwanee,  60. 

WoNoiiAQUAfiAM,  son  of  Nanepashemet,  ii. 
40  ;  aiils  Canonicns  in  war,  42  ;  his  wig- 
wam burnt,  47  ;  Sagamore  John,  ib. 

Woodcock,  a  Wampanoag,  iii.  61. 

Wooily,  R.  complains  of  Pessacus,  ii.  83, 

WooNASiiKNAH,  a  Wampaiiong,  iii.  61. 

WooNA.sifUM  (Nimrod),  iii.  15;  Munashum, 
16;  treaty  at  Plimoiith,  17;  rotinsellor  to 
Philip,  19;  another  treaty,  20;  killed  in 'he 
fight  at  Renobolh  Plain,  28. 

WoospAsucK,  Philip's  counsellor,  iii.  19. 

WooToNKKANtJSKK,  wife  of  Philip,  iii.  10, 
13 ;  sister  to  the  wife  of  Quinnapin,  66;  Ta- 
tamumaqu(>.  16. 

Wo(iijA(ANi>osK,  a  Narragansel,  ii.  81. 

WoRoMBo,  a  Tarraiiiie,  iii.  107;  residence, 
113;  his  fort  taken,  116;  treaty,  122. 

WoTOKOM,  Philip's  counsellor,  iii.  19. 

WUTTACKQIJIAKOMIN,  a  Pequot,  ii.  102. 

WvKJAH,  a  C^herokee,  iv.  .36. 

WyfTii)    Richard,  life  saved,  iv.  16. 

Wyoming,  destruction  of,  v.  87. 

Y. 

Yahani.akf.e,  a  Creek  chief,  iv.  29. 
Yahvaiitu.stanijo,  iv.  44. 
Yamacraw  settled,  iv.  29. 
Yankee,  origin  of  the  name,  i.  23. 
Yazons,  destruction  of,  iv.  2.5. 
York  destroyed  by  Indians,  iii.  106. 
YoTAsii,  Y«)TNF.sn, — .See  Otash. 

YoiINOKST-OF-THF.-TIlUNnKRS,  V.  143. 

YouNo-KiNO,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110. 
Younglove,  Dr.  captivity  of,  v.  83. 

Z. 

Zeisberger,  David,  a   Moravian  missionary, 

seizerl  by  the  Hiirons,  v.  23. 
Zinzendorf,  Count,  mission  to  the  Delawarei, 

v.  18 ;  anecdote  of,  ib. 


INDEX 


TO  THI 


ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 


ian  missionary, 
the  Delawares, 


ABF.NtiUin  murdered, iii.  121  ;  aiintlicr,  149. 
Abiaca  (Sam  Jonks),  iv.  VZ.i,  147. 
Abraham  (NeKr()chift'),iv,  77,  U.l,  l.'W,  110. 
AcTKON,  iioUmI  i'X|il()il  of,  iii.  Ij'2 — IM. 
Adams  lion.  J,  U  ,  ii.  44  ;  iv.  rA,  IKi. 
Adamx,  Li<Mit.,  cxpluit  of,  iv.  141. 
AoAMcus  (Cai'T.  Tom),  oxploil  of,  iii.  130. 
Alden,  Kov.  T.,  missiomiry,  v.  II'J. 
Ai.LKiAToii,  iv.  77,  l;U,  (;'"   147,  151. 
Aliia,  wrccii  of  the,  iv.  1 1'l 
Anecdotes,  i.  18— JU;  v.  1(X 
Anti(|uitics  of  Aiiicrira,  iv.  i*  > ;  v    108. 
Apples,  "  better  made  into  rider,'  i.  iJ6. 
Atiitidiiek,  sale  of,  to  the  whiles   ii.  GO. 
Akatomakaw,  anecdote  of,  i.  12.'). 
Ahcxus,  his  visit  to  ItostoM,  iii.  Mi). 
Arinistead,  Uen.,  in  Florida,  iv.  M. 
Arthur,  Lieut.,  in  Florida,  iv.  153. 
Ashby,  ('apt.,  captures  Osceola,  iv.  142. 
AssACAMBi;iT  visits  Portsmouth,  iii.  156. 

B. 

Bald  Eaoi.e,  murder  of,  v.  42. 
Hnncroft,  Lieut.,  lolievcs  Exeter,  iii.  150. 
IJeall,  Capt.,  iv.  147;  exploits,  1 18,  153. 
Beard,  Indians  not  without,  v.  92. 
Hellows,  (^ol.,  siffiial  exploit  of,  iii.  151. 
Bkkrv,  Maj.,  v.  110;  death  of,  171). 
Big  Kktti.k,  a  Seneca  chief,  v.  110. 
Bio  Wakrior's  speech  to  Jackson,  iv.  69. 
Bt.Acic  UiRT,  iv.  79,  93,  128. 
Black  Hawk,  in  N.  York,  v.  169;  escapes 

a  biographer,  170;  visits  the  Senecas,  171; 

liberated,  172 ;  at  Boston,  178—180;  death 

of,  182. 
Bloodhounds  in  Florida,  iv.  119  ;  operations  of, 

150,  151 ;  three  killed,  ViZ  ;  exploits  of,  l.M. 
Bloody  Brook,  battle  of,  iii.  32. 
Bi.uK-J\cKET,  at  Fort  Recovery,  v.  193. 
Blue  Licks,  battle  of  the,  v   188. 
BoMAZEEN  imprisoned,  iii.  148. 
Books,  Indians  notions  of,  v,  180. 
Boone,  Col.  Daniel,  v.  IS."},  187—189. 
BouDiNOT,  E.,  executed,  iv.  120. 
Bouquet,  Col.,  Ohio  expeditions,  v.  194,  &c. 
Bracket,  Anthony,  escape  of,  iii.  LW. 
Bradstreet,  Col.,  expedition  of,  v.  19G. 
Bright  Horn,  exploit  of,  v.  132. 
Brooke,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  143 
Bryant's  station,  siejTe  of,  v.  186. 
Bi'shy  Run,  battle  of,  v.  19.5—196. 
Bul4erfield,  Mr.,  killed  by  Pequots,  ii.  105 


o. 

('(i'«nr,  i.  9;  never  fouf^ht  Indians,  iv.  137. 
('allKinn,  lion.  John  ('.,  iv.  105. 
Ciilico  Hills,  nnilinsh  near,  iv.  151. 
("all,  (J(.v.  of  Floriila,  iv.  13.5—1.39,  l.'iO. 
Carroll,  (Jen.,  Cherokee  mission  of,  iv.  102. 
Center,  Adj.,  kille<l  at  Okechobe,  iv.  143. 
CiiviKiKA  surprise<l  and  killed,  iv.  155. 
(Chambers,  Lieut.,  iv.  138. 
Charlotte  llarbor  attacked,  iv.  131. 
Cherokees,  expatriation  of,  iv.  97—132. 
Cherokee  Plxmir,  iv.  114,  170. 
Cherry  Valley,  tiestructiou  of,  v.  89. 
Church,  Col.,"  death  of,  iii.  IKi,  l.'iO. 
Clark,  (Jen.,  Miami  expedition,  v.  189. 
Clinch,  Oen.,  iv.  129—131. 
Cloud. — See  Litti.k  Cloud. 
('oAcoocHKK  (Wild  Cat),  iv.  141,  M3. 
('oAHAjo. — See  Allioatoh. 
Coburn,  R. ,  Indian  agent,  iii.  156. 
Colman,  John,  killed,  ii.  4. 
Colooshatchie,  massacre  at,  iv.  149. 
Consert,  Cornelius,  iii.  21.,  '25,  31,  144. 
CooPKR  (Osuchee)  killed,  iv.  !.38. 
CoRMAN,  iii.  47;  insulted  in  Boston,  145. 
Courcy,  Mr.,  family  murdered,  iv.  153. 
(Veus,  Dr.,  killed,  i^v.  131. 
Cross  Timbers,  battle  of  the,  iv.  171. 

D. 

Davidson,  Cnpt.,  death  of,  Iv.  156. 
Dkcorik,  death  of,  v.  171,  176. 
Defiance  (Fort),  v.  73,  80. 
Devil,  singular  charges  against,  i.  9  ;  ii.  36. 
Dogs. — See  Bloodhounds. 
DouBi.KiiF.AD,  i.  28  ;  murdered,  iv.  121. 
Doughty,  Maj.,  disaster  of,  v.  189. 
Drake,  Abraham,  of  Hampton,  iii.  112. 
Drake,  Capl.  Georce,  the   first   Englishman 
who  sailed  in  the  River  St.  Lawrence,  ii.  20. 
Drake,  Dr.  Daniel,  on  mounds,  i.  41. 
Drake,  Lieut.,  gallant  exploit  of,  v.  192. 
Dranc  (Fort),  attack  upon,  iv.  131. 
Diunmer,  Rev.  Mr.,  killed,  iii.  107,  148. 
Durill,  Mr.,  family  destroyed,  iii.  151. 
Duiham.— See  Oyster  River,  iii.  119,  120. 

E. 

Fames,  T..  family  destroyed,  iii.  80. 
Eastman,  P.,  captivity  of,  iii.  97. 


Hi 


14 


INDEX  TO  THE  ADDITIONS  AND  CORRECTIONS. 


Eastman.  A.,  caplivily  of,  iii.  152,  153. 
Erhota.—Spe  AVic  Echota,  iv.  102. 
Ellis,  ('apt.,  exploit  of,  iv.  VVl. 
Emathla,  Chari.ks,  iv.  125,  \^5. 
Estill,  Capl.,  defeat  and  death  of,  v.  185. 
Everett,  Gov.  E.,  iii.  32  j  v.  180. 

F. 

Fall  Fight  (Turner's  Falls),  iii.  74. 
Fi.AMiNoo  visits  Philadelphia,  i.  28. 
Florida  War,  iv.  70—76;  121—156. 
Flournoy,  Col.,  killed,  iv.  93. 
Fontaine,  Maj.,  killed  at  Miami,  v.  190. 
Foot,  Capt.,  'tofliire<l  to  death,  iii.  151. 
Forbes,  Mr.,  escapes  Wildcat,  iv.  152. 
Fox  Point,  N.  H.,  destroyed,  iii.  150. 
Frontenac,  Gov.,  and  White-John,  i.  18. 
Fuxi£  murdered,  iv.  13C. 

G. 

Gallop,  J.,  executes  Pequots,  ii.  106. 

Gamble,  Col.,  of  Florida,  iv.  151. 

Gansevoort,  (^ol.,  v.  83. 

Gary,  Maj.,  the  mad  prank  of,  v.  188. 

Gendal,  Cant.,  seizes  Mocio,  iii.  105, 

Gentry,  Col.,  killed,  iv.  143. 

Georok,  Capt.,  dies,  v.  177. 

Georgia. — See  Cherokees. 

Gill,  Col.,  in  the  Florida  war,  iv.  135 

Gilmer,  Gov.,  iv.  103,  113. 

Girty,  Simon,  the  miscreant,  v.  186. 

Good  Pktkr,  v.  10(i. 

Goodwin,  Col.,  iv.  131. 

Graham,  Hon.  J.  A.,  v.  169. 

Gray,  Mr.,  family  murdered,  iv.  148. 

Green,  Col.,  exploit  of,  iv.  152. 

Greenville,  Sir  Richard,  iv.  7. 

Groton,  destruction  of,  iii.  148. 

Gyles,  John,  iii.  107;  killed,  148. 

H. 

Halec-hajo  parleys  with  Jesup,  iv.  146. 

Hai.ec-tustenugge,  iv.  152,  154. 

Hanson,  Col.,  iv.  153,  154. 

Hardidge,  David,  surprised,  iv.  96. 

Hardin,  Col.,  under  Harmer,  v.  189. 

Harjo,  embassv  to  Florida,  iv.  137. 

Harlan,  Maj.,  killed,  v.  188. 

Harmer,  Gen.,  v.  73 ;  disastrous  expedition  of, 
189. 

Harney,  Col.,  disaster  at  Synebal,  iv.  149, 
155  ;  among  the  Everglades,  155. 

Hartshorn,  Capt.,  v.  190;  killed,  193. 

Hatchc  Luste,  battle  of,  iv.  1,38. 

Heads,  some  of  the  English,  sent  to  the  Nip- 
n  uks,  iii.  89  ;  of  Matoonas  and  Philip,  gib- 
beted, 43,  80;  of  Pequots,  set  on  Sav- 
brook  Fort,  ii.  105. 

Heald,  Capt.,  killed,  at  Chicago,  v.  134. 

Heillman,  Maj.,  death  of,  iv.  131. 

Hernandez,  Gen.,  iv.  138,  141,  142. 

Higgins.  Paul,  a  captive,  iii.  156. 

History,  true,  little  reud,  ii'-  115. 

IIix,  John,  iv.  123.  141. 

Hogiown,  murder  at,  iv.  74,  1.30. 

HoLAToorHEE,  iv.  154,  139 

HoPEHooD,  iii.  150,  151. 

Howell,  Mr.,  family  destroyed,  iv.  153. 

Hiilburl,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  149. 

Humphreys,  Col.,  iv.  122. 


I. 

Indians,  origin  rf  their  name,  i  3 ;  some  have 
no  tradition  of  their  origin,  7;  render  good 
for  evil,  18;  management  of  wives,  20; 
tolerant  in  religion,  ib. ;  first  seen  in  Eng- 
land. France,  Spain,  ii.  4  ;  cannibals,  4,  65, 
86.  v.  72 ;  first  seen  bv  the  PHgriins.  ii. 
11;  attack  them,  12;  uance  when  visited 
by  strangers,  15;  groat  sickness  or  plague 
among  the  New  England,  16,  17,  20,  75; 
"  so  many  God  cann(/i  kill  them,"  16  ;  never 
forget  injuries,  21;  their  beds,  25;  some 
whipped  at  Boston,  '14 ;  ravages  of  the 
small-pox  among,  ii.  47;  v.  181;  much 
addicted  to  gami '~,  ii.  25;  will  play  away 
the  skins  from  their  wives'  backs,  31 ;  em- 
ploy games  as  stratagems,  v.  .52;  exact  in 
the  bounds  of  their  lands,  ii.  56,  CO;  abuse 
sauaw  captives,  ii.  81 ;  but  never  insult 
white  squaws,  iii.  45,  &c. ;  never  abandon 
their  slain  but  to  save  their  own  lives,  23; 
saMcity  in  following  a  track,  40;  many 
sold  into  slavery,  ii.  8,  107;  iii.  40,  104; 
dress  of  the  New  England,  ii.  22  ;  iii.  56  ; 
naturcil  swimmers,  1(32;  first  employed  in 
the  revolution,  1.36,  166 ;  manner  of  flat- 
tening heads,  iv.  25;  not  without  beard,  v. 
92  ;  do  not  want  for  natural  afl'ection. — See 
Pocahontas,  Bouquet's  Expedition,  &c. 

Indian  Bii.i.y  killed,  iv.  135. 

Indian  Key,  massacre  at,  iv.  153i 

Indian  Language. — See  Language. 

Indian  Laws,  ii.  56,  60. 

Irviii"',  Washington,  visits  B.  Hawk,  v.  136. 

Izard,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  89. 

J. 

Jackson,  Gen.,  iv.  102,  103,  106,  109. 

Jackson,  Serj.,  devotion  of,  iv.  152. 

Jacobs,  Capt.,  killed,  v.  38. 

James-the-printer,  iii.  147. 

Jefferson,  T.,  on  Indian  rights,  iv.  109. 

Jennings,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  1  W. 

Jesup,  Gen.,  iv.  95,  96,  135;  at  the  Wahoo, 
137;  surprises  Cooper,  138  ;  captures  eight 
chiefs,  141;  wounded,  1'15;  recommends 
giving  up  the  war,  146 ;  ijeizes  another 
parly,  147  ;  leaves  Florida,  ib. 

Jim  Bov,  iv.  96,  134;  fights  for  the  whites  in 
Florida,  iv. 

Jon,  Co  I..,  insolent  at  a  treaty,  iii.  1.52. 

Johns,  Mr.,  barbarously  killed,  iv.  133. 

Judd,  Lieut.,  ambushed,  iv.  1.55. 

Juot,  R.,  Journal  of  Hudson's  voyage,  ii.  4. 

Jumper,  iv.  93, 124,  138, 139 ;  death  of,  147. 

K. 

Kellog's  Grove,  fight  at,  v.  152. 
Kelly,  Mr.,  dcvotedncss  of,  iv.  13-1.. 
Kcnnebunk,  attack  upon,  iii,  151, 
Kenton,  Simon,  v.  45  ;  dies.  176. 
Keokuk,  v.  172, 17.3, 175  ;  visits  Boston,  178. 
luk'ipoos,  some  sent  to  Florida,  iv.  140. 
Kilburn,  John,  defends  Walpolc,  iii.  154, 

L. 

Lake  Monroe,  battle  of,  iv.  139. 
Laiiil),  Mr,,  family  destroyed,  iv.  152. 
Lane,  Col.,  iv.  l.il;  death  of,  1.3,5. 
Lane,  John,  Penobscot  agent,  iii.  156. 


INDEX   TO   THE    ADDITIONS    AND   CORRECTIONS. 


15 


■  the  whites  iu 


Language,Tndian,ii.  23,26;  iii.  99;  i. ;  viii. ; 

iii.  131.,  137 
Leilner,  Dr.,  killed,  iv.  I'H. 
Lellers  from  Indians,  iii.  37,  83,  147. 
Levcrctt,  Gov.,  iii.  i"!,  96,  HI. 
Lieiilsay,  ('ol.,  in  Florida,  iv.  131. 
Little  Ci.oud,  iv.  77,  1.39,  141,  143. 
Lilllc  Turtle,  at  Fort  Recovery,  v.  193. 
Logan,  Co!.,  expedition  of,  v.  189. 
LoRETTE  (Grand  Louis),  death  of,  v.  177. 
Li  RON,  embassy  to  Boston,  iii.  M9. 

M. 

Macoml),  Gen.,  iv.  148;  his  treaty,  149. 
Madokaw.\ni)o  atGrolon,  iii.  147,  148. 
Man  does  not  degenerate  here,  i.  12;  iii.  71. 
Manners  and  Customs. — See  Indians. 
Marshall,  Judge,  iv.  111. 
Martin,  Lieut.,  cut  off,  iv.  152. 
Mason,  Capt.,  killed,  iv.  152. 
Massachusetts,  name  of,  ii.  17,  42. 
Massasoit,  chief  of  thirty'  tribes,  ii.  24. 
Meganiimba  at  Boston,  iii.  149. 
Mellon,  Capt.,  killed,  iv.  139. 
Memecho,  Geo.,  iii.  29,  30. 
Mikasaukies,  iv.  93,  128,  139. 
MicANOi'Y,  iv.  123,  129,  154. 
M'Kee,  Capt.,  v.  193. 

M'Intosh,  Gkn.  iv.  27,  107.    Chilly,  125. 
M'Laue,  Mr.,  family  cut  off,  iv.  152. 
M'Mahon's  defeat  and  death,  v.  192. 
M'Neal,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  141. 

MONAKATOOCHA,  V.  3.J,  183. 

MoNiAC,  Maj.,  kiliei'  at  Wahoo,  iv.  136. 

Money  of  the  Indians,  iii.  141. 

Monroe  (Lake),  battle  of,  iv.  139. 

Monroe,  Pres.,  iv.  Ill,  112;  v.  165. 

Montgomery,  iVlrs.,  killed,  iv.  156. 

Moore,  Col.,  i.  25. 

RfosES,  Capt.,  mischiefs  of,  iii.  153. 

Motte,  Mr.,  killed,  iv.  31. 

Mounds,  traditions  concerning,  i.  14;  v.  108. 

Uount  Hope,  description  of,  li.  18,  19. 

Mcxos  destroys  Pemmaquid,  iii,  148. 

M'L'ea,  Rev.  Mr.,  killed,  iv.  151. 

*  l'shalatubee  dies,  iv.  148. 

N. 

Nanuntf.noo,  iii.  146. 

Natanis,  an  Abenaki,  iii.  156. 

Nebine,  an  .\benaki,  iii.  149. 

Nelson,  Gen.,  iv.  143,  141.. 

Nepanet  Tom,  ambassador,  iii.  1-46,  147. 

New  Echota,  treaty  of,  iv.  \&2. 

O. 

Oddeuussin  visits  Boston,  v  i81. 

Okecliohe  (Lake),  battle  of,  i".  143. 

Onux,  wife  of  (iuiiniap'n,  iii.  56. 

OuoNo  visits  Cambri<lffo,  iii.  155,  6. 

Osceola  kills  a  chief,  iv.  125;  insulted,  130; 
an  escape,  132  ;  another,  13;) ;  visited  by  a 
Creek  deputation,  137  ;  courage  quostioned, 
139;  visits  '.he  whites,  140;  imprisonment 
and  death,  142 — 5. 

Osuchee  (Cooper)  surprised  and  killed,  iv. 
138. 

Ot    cite,  biography  of,  iv.  .32. 

OUCHEE  BlLI.V. — ^ce  UcHEE  BiLLY. 

Oyster  River,  iii.  119,  120;  iv.  152. 


P. 


Paouy  Carr  in  Florida,  iv.  ISt,  139. 
Paine,  Mr.  J.  H.,  Georgia  insults,  iv.  119. 
Paine,  Kino.— .See  King  Paine,  iv.  66,124. 
Prtine's  Landing,  treaty  of,  iv.  123. 
Palmes  (should  be  Palmer),  iii.  49. 
PARSHEPAniio  at  Boston,  v.  174. 
Path  Killer  and  Gen.  Jackson,  iv.  106. 
Peak,  Mr.,  killed  at  Walpole,  iii.  155. 
Pemir.aquid,  destruction  of,  iii.  148. 
Pcqiiots,  some  executed  and   cast  into  the 

sea,  ii.  106;  many  made  slaves,  107;  war 

with,  101—106. 
Perkins,  John,  of  Agawam,  ii.  4C. 
Perrine,  Dr.  H.,  ina.«acred,  iv.  153. 
Peyton,  Lieut.,  exploit  of,  iv.  141. 
Philip  defeated  at  Walpole,  iii.  154. 
Philip  of  Topkoliky,  iv.  141,  147. 
Philosophical  Transactions,  iii.  90. 
Pierce,  Maj.,  in  Florida,  iv.  132,  136. 
PiOMiNGo  (Colburt),  iv.  61,  62  ;  v.  193. 
Pipe,  Capt.,  taken  captive,  v.  200. 
Pollard,  Capt.,  visited  by  B.  Hawk,  v.  171. 
Post,  Frederick,  mission  west,  v.  39. 
Powell,  Lieut.,  defeated,  iv.  144. 
Purchase,  T.,  house  robbed,  iii.  116. 
Pushmataha,  death  of,  62,  63. 

R. 

Rains,  Capt.,  defeated,  iv.  152. 

Randolph,  John,  dies,  iv.  19. 

Recovery  (Fort),  v.  75,  80;  battle  of,  191. 

Rei>  Hawk,  the  Shawane,  v.  49,  199,  200. 

Removal,  the  policy  of,  examined,  iv.  136. 

Rhode  Island,  purchase  of,  ii.  60. 

Ridge,  Maj.,  iv.  100,  108;  murdered,  120. 

Riley,  Col.,  his  exploit,  iv.  152. 

Ross,  John,  iv.  53,  100,  107,  108,  118,  141. 

Rowell,  Capt.,  defeated,  iv.  148. 

Russell,  Capt.,  ambushed,  iv.  148. 

S. 

Sabatis,  fate  of,  iii.  154. 
Sac  and  Fox,  and  Sioux  war,  v.  177. 
Saguaaram. — See  LoRON,iii.  149. 
Sam  Jones  (Apiaca),  iv.  139,  141,  M3. 
Sanderson,  Lt.,  defeat  and  death  of,  iv.  152, 
San  Felasco,  battle  of,  iv.  133. 
Saunders,  Capt.,  disaster  of,  iii.  149. 
Saunders,  Lieut.,  his  barbarity,  iv.  154. 
Sa(iuarexis,  a  hostage,  iii.  149. 
Savage,  Ensign,  wounded,  iii.  25. 
ScAROYADA.— See  Monocatoocha. 
Schermerhorn,  Rev.  J.  F.,  iv.  101. 
Scott,  Gen.,  sent  to  reduce  Cherokees,  iv.  103. 
Searl,  Capt.,  killed,  iv.  150. 
Seminotes,  iv.  121,  128,  132,  140. 
Sherwood,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  156. 
Shrimpton,  S.,  ii,  71  ;  iii.  144. 
Sioux,  some  at  Boston,  v.  170. 
Soulhworth,  Lieut.  N  ,  grave  of,  iii.  146. 
Shkckled-snake,  speech  of.  iv.  110. 
Stanley's  plantation  al!..?ked,  iv.  152. 
Stanwix  (Fort),  v.  36,  83,  114,  115. 
Stark,  John,  iii.  152  ;  captivity  of,  153. 
Stevens,  C;ipt.  Phinehas,  iii.  153 
Slinson,  David,  killed,  ill.  153. 
St..  Johns  (Fort)  taken,  ill.  149. 
Swashan,  noted  chief,  iii.  156. 
Synebal,  massacre  at,  iv.  149. 


16 


INDEX   TO   THE   ADDITIONS    AND   CORRECTIONS. 


T. 

Taunton  attacked  by  Philip,  iii.  39. 
Teoanisorkns. — Sec  Dkkanisoua,  v.  9. 
Thompson,  Col.,  killed  at  Okccholic,  iv.  Ii3. 
Thompson,  Gen.,  agent,  iv.  12k 
Thompson,  J.  W.  H.,  iv.  131. 
Tiger-tail,  a  talk  wiih,  iv.  119,  IM. 
Tilly,  John,  murdered  by  Pequots,  ii.  105. 
Todfd,  Col.,  killed  at  the  Hlue  Licks,  v.  188. 
Tom,  Capt.,  escapes  Col.  Church,  iii.  130. 
ToMOKA  John  taken,  iv.  141. 
TosKEGEE  defeats    Lieut.  Powell,  iv.   144, 

145  ;  talks  with  Gen.  Jcsup,  146  ;  escapes, 

148.  149. 
Toxus — See  Moxn^,  iii.  107,  &c. 
Trigf^,  Col.,  killed  at  the  Blue  Licks,  v.  188. 

U. 

UcHEE  P'LT.Y  wounded,  iv.  91  ;  killed,  141. 
IJndep    ood,  Capt.,  killed,  v.  191. 
Upsawah  {an  Abenaki),  iii.  114. 

V. 

Van  Buren,  Martin,  iv.  127. 
Vane,  Sir  Henry,  ii.  107. 
Vann,  David,  arrested,  iv.  115. 
Vanswearingen,  Capt.,  killed,  iv.  143. 
Voltaire,  errors  of,  i.  12 ;  v.  92. 

W. 

Wahoo  Swamp,  battle  of.  iv.  13'}. 
Wahwa,  murderous  exploit  of,  iii.  150. 
Walcott,  Serj.,  killed,  iv.  155. 
Walpolc,  N.  H.,  siege  of,  iii.  154. 
Wampum,  iii.  144.— See  iVloney. 


Wapem.a  visits  Boston,  v.  178. 

Wiiril's  Simple  Cobbler  of  Agawam,  i.  9. 

Waucoshaushe  killed,  v.  177,  178. 

Warrun,  Col.,  iv.  133. 

Wcatlierslicid  i^eople  killed,  ii.  78,  105. 

Welike,  battle  of,  iv.  131. 

Wells,  Mr.,  killed  at  Cherry  Valley,  v.  90. 

Wells,  Capt.,  killed,  v.  131. 

Wenamovet,  an  Abenaki,  iii.  148. 

Wheelock,  Lieut.,  death  of,  iv.  131. 

Wheelwright's  Pond,  battle  of,  iii.  151. 

Whedan,  Lieut.,  killed,  iv.  151. 

Wildcat    (Coacoochee),  iv.   152;   attacks 

some  players,  153;  bold  exploit,  154,  155. 
Williamson,  Col.,  expedition  of,  v.  69. 
Williams,  Maj.,  killed,  iv.  132. 
Winder,  Capt.,  exploit  of,  iv.  144. 
Winthrop,  John,  Jr.,  ii.  96. 
Wirt,  VVilliam,  iv.  99  ;  dies,  100. 
Wiswall,  Capt.,  killed,  iii.  151. 
Wilher's  (/hronicles,  valuable,  v.  49,  69. 
Worcester,  Rev.  Mr.,  imprisoned,  iv.  114f^ 

117. 
Wormwood,  Lieut.,  killed,  v.  86. 
Wyllys,  Maj.,  killed  at  Miami,  v.  190. 

X. 

Xavier,  Francis  (Abenaki),  iii.  149. 
Y. 

Yaholoochie  (Little  Cloud),  iv.  77, 139. 
Yeardly,  Sir  George,  iv.  20. 


Z. 


Zeigler,  Serj.,  fight,  iv.  153. 


THE  WHOLE  NUMBER  OF  PAGES  IN  THE  WORK. 

Book     I.  (including  Preface,  &c.,) 60 

«      II 120 

"    III 156 

"    IV 156 

"      V.  (including  Index,) .216 

Total, 708 


THE    END. 


s. 


vam,  i.  9. 
,  178. 

78,  106. 

Jley,  V.  90. 

148. 
131. 
iii.  151. 

152 ;   attacks 
loit,  154,  155. 
r,  V.  69. 

44. 

0. 

V.  49,  69. 
ned,  iv.  114-- 

86. 

,  V.  190. 


I,  iii.  143. 


,  iv.  77, 139. 


ORK. 

60 

....120 

156 

. . ..156 
216 

708 


